pigment

English: pigment


saffron

en-noun

saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)

→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)

→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)

From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).

I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,
The Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye.

Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.

2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:

Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.

2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:

Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”

2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:

A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent.


saffron

English: saffron

Scots: sefron

c. 1200, borrowed from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safranum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān);
as a colour adjective from the late 14th century.


mustard

mustard (usually uncountable, plural mustards)

From Middle English mustard, from Old French moustarde (French moutarde), from moust (“must”), from Latin mustum. Compare Saterland Frisian Muster (“mustard”), Dutch mosterd (“mustard”), German Low German Musterd (“mustard”), Icelandic mustarður (“mustard”). Displaced Middle English senep, from Old English senep, from Latin sināpi (“mustard”). Doublet of mostarda.

When the waitress brought the food, I asked whether she had any Dijon mustard.

Powder or paste made from seeds of the mustard plant, and used as a condiment or a spice.


mustard

English: mustard

Fingallian: mustard

Scots: mustard, mustart

Mustard; a condiment made from mustard seeds.


cinnamon

cinnamon (countable and uncountable, plural cinnamons)

→ Japanese: シナモン (shinamon)

→ Korean: 시나몬 (sinamon)

→ Maori: hinamona

→ Welsh: synamon

From Middle English synamome, from Old French cinnamone, from Latin cinnamon, cinnamomum, from Ancient Greek κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon), later κίνναμον (kínnamon), according to Herodotus from Phoenician [Term?], cognate with Hebrew קִנָּמוֹן (qinnāmōn).

tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ tsin bikáshtʼóózh bitáʼahí bił éʼélʼíní

Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia#Translingual

Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).

canyeller

any of related trees in the genus Cinnamomum


sing

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *thiiŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kjaŋ. Cognates include Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:) and Chinese 薑／姜 (jiāng).


sing

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *thiŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ. Cognates include Burmese သစ် (sac) and Chinese 薪 (xīn).


heel

héel (canonical masculine)
héel (absolutive)
héeli (predicative)
héel (subjective)
héel (genitive)
héelil (l-case with-postposition)
héelik (k-case with-postposition)
héelit (t-case with-postposition)
héelih (h-case with-postposition)


me

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
楣 (CJK)


kernel

desctree

English: kernel
→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)

Scots: kirnel; churnel

From Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil; equivalent to corn + -el (agentive suffix). Some forms are influenced by corn.

The seed, grain or stone of a fruit or nut.

(by extension) A granule; a small grain, flake, or ball.

(figurative) The fundamental, superior or essential part.

(anatomy) An organ responsible for production of substances.


cannelle

→ Albanian: kanellë

→ Danish: kanel

→ Icelandic: kanill

→ Latvian: kanēlis

Diminutive of canne (“reed”); from Old French canele, kanele


nutmeg

en-noun

nutmeg (countable and uncountable, plural nutmegs)

→ Irish: noitmig

→ Japanese: ナツメグ (natsumegu)

→ Maori: natimeke

→ Welsh: nytmeg

From Middle English notemege, notemuge, a partial translation of Medieval Latin nux muga, a variant of Medieval Latin nux muscata (“musky nut”). Compare also Old French nois mugede.
For the term used in various ball sports, see Wikipedia.

der

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual

An evergreen tree (Myristica fragrans) cultivated in the East Indies for its spicy seeds.

The aromatic seed of this tree, used as a spice.

(uncountable) The powdered seed, ready for use.


nutmeg

en-verb

nutmeg (third-person singular simple present nutmegs, present participle nutmegging, simple past and past participle nutmegged)

nutmegs (present singular third-person)
nutmegging (participle present)
nutmegged (participle past)
nutmegged (past)

Barcelona did not just out play them, they emphatically put them in their place during that opening 45 minutes when Luis Suárez scored twice, Dani Alves struck the crossbar, Lionel Messi nutmegged David Silva and Manuel Pellegrini’s team stumbled to the interval like a side in need of smelling salts rather than half-time oranges.

2015 February 24, Daniel Taylor, “Luis Suárez strikes twice as Barcelona teach Manchester City a lesson”, in The Guardian (London):

(sports, transitive) To play the ball between the legs of (an opponent).

poorten

(soccer) to play the ball between the legs of an opponent


ginger

ginger (third-person singular simple present gingers, present participle gingering, simple past and past participle gingered)

gingers (present singular third-person)
gingering (participle present)
gingered (participle past)
gingered (past)

Inherited from Middle English gingere, alteration of gingivere, from Old English gingifer, gingiber (influenced by Old French gingembre), from Medieval Latin gingiber, zingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Late Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), ultimately from Dravidian, compare Old Tamil 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭𑁆 (iñcivēr) and Tamil இஞ்சிவேர் (iñcivēr) from இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”).

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

The accident was an excuse merely to replace an old-fashioned regular with old-fashioned notions by an active, fire-eating young general who would ginger things up.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance, Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 886:

Before an action began, he liked to make bold predictions as to its outcome; this was part of his way of gingering people up, of creating an aura of victory to come.

2004, Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War, page 464:

Regarding this human angle, DeMille wrote, "I am sometimes accused of gingering up the Bible with large and lavish infusions of sex and violence. I can only wonder if my accusers have ever read certain parts of the Bible."

2007, J. Stephen Lang, The Bible on the Big Screen: A Guide from Silent Films to Today's Movies:

(idiomatic, transitive) To enliven, to spice (up).


curry

Unadapted borrowing from English curry, from Tamil கறி (kaṟi).


turmeric

en-noun

turmeric (countable and uncountable, plural turmerics)

/təɹˈmɛ.ɾɪk/

From Middle English turmeryte, tarmaret, of uncertain origin. Possibly corrupted from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “Curcuma”). Others have theorized it might come from Old French terre mérite (“deserving earth”).

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

(botany) An Indian plant (Curcuma longa), with aromatic rhizomes, part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).


spice

English: spice

Scots: spice

From Old French espice, (modern épice), an old borrowing from Late Latin speciēs.

spices (powders used to flavour meals or dishes):

Spices as used as scents or to enhance the smell of something.

Spices as used in medicinal preparations; by extension, medicine in general.

Spices as used in alchemical preparations.

A seeming or presence; the way something looks from the outside:

(Christianity) The communion wafer when transubstantiated.

A meal (usually sweet) incorporating spices.


pepper

pepper (countable and uncountable, plural peppers)

Tok Pisin: pepa

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Marshallese: pepa

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

cog

(uncountable) A spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant.


nagel

desctree

Dutch: nagel
Afrikaans: nael
Berbice Creole Dutch: nanggli
→ Caribbean Hindustani: nakkhun
→ Sranan Tongo: nangra
→ Aukan: nangaa

Limburgish: nagel

From Old Dutch *nagal, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl.


nagel

ein (indefinite nominative singular)
dër (definite nominative singular)
nagel (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
nagel (nominative noun plural)
nagele (nominative noun plural)
eines (genitive indefinite singular)
dës (definite genitive singular)
nagels (genitive noun singular)
nageles (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
nagel (genitive noun plural)
nagele (genitive noun plural)
eime (dative indefinite singular)
dëm (dative definite singular)
nagel (dative noun singular)
nagele (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
nageln (dative noun plural)
nagelen (dative noun plural)
einen (accusative indefinite singular)
dën (accusative definite singular)
nagel (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
nagel (accusative noun plural)
nagele (accusative noun plural)

Bavarian: Någl

Cimbrian: naaghel

Mòcheno: nagel

desc

Central Franconian: Nohl, Nähl, Näl, Nääl, Nahl, Nagel

Hunsrik: Naaghel

Luxembourgish: Nol

desctree

German: Nagel
→ Russian: нагель (nagelʹ)

Alemannic German: Nagel

q

Yiddish: נאָגל (nogl), נאגיל (nogil) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)

From Old High German nagal, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz.


vanilla

en-noun

vanilla (countable and uncountable, plural vanillas)

Borrowed from Spanish vainilla, a diminutive form of vaina (“pod”). "plain" senses derive from the perceived plainness of vanilla ice cream.

vanilla:

A yellowish-white colour, like that of vanilla ice cream.


piper

head

piper c (plural pipers, diminutive piperke)

From Old Frisian piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar.


mace

→ Japanese: メース (meisu)

→ Korean: 메이스 (meiseu)

→ Maori: meihi

→ Welsh: mês

From Middle English, from re-interpretation of macys as a plural (as with pea); from Latin macir. Doublet of macir.

I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none -- that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], line 45:

A spice obtained from the outer layer of the kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg.


badian

From French badiane, from Persian بادیان (bâdiyân).


badian

badianek (diminutive)
badian (nominative singular)
badiany (nominative plural)
badianu (genitive singular)
badianów (genitive plural)
badianowi (dative singular)
badianom (dative plural)
badian (accusative singular)
badiany (accusative plural)
badianem (instrumental singular)
badianami (instrumental plural)
badianie (locative singular)
badianach (locative plural)
badianie (singular vocative)
badiany (plural vocative)

Illicium verum
Illicium verum#Translingual


cardamom

en-noun

cardamom (countable and uncountable, plural cardamoms)

Late Middle English, from Old French cardamome or Latin cardamōmum, from Ancient Greek καρδάμωμον (kardámōmon).

grains of paradise
grains of paradise#English

Aframomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta#Translingual

(uncommon, inexact) Synonym of grains of paradise, the seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, of East Africa.


cardamom

Borrowed from Latin cardamōmum, from Ancient Greek καρδάμωμον (kardámōmon).


clove

clove (countable and uncountable, plural cloves)

From Middle English clove, an alteration of earlier clowe, borrowed from the first component of Old French clou (de girofle) (modern French clou de girofle), from Latin clāvus (“nail”) for its shape. Also see clāva (“knotty branch, club”). Doublet of clou and clavus.

(uncountable, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual

(countable) A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.


clove

Borrowed from Dutch klove (now kloof). Doublet of kloof.

(geography) A narrow valley with steep sides, used in areas of North America first settled by the Dutch


anise

anise (countable and uncountable, plural anises)

From Middle English anys, borrowed from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison), from Egyptian jnst.

[…] of the butcherbirds which were perched on the electric wires skirting the road must be nesting birds, and that in the absence of trees or brush they must be nesting in some of the weeds along the highway, mostly anise (Foeniculum vulgare).

1934, The Gull (Golden Gate Audubon Society), volumes 16-29, page 25

Foeniculum vulgare
Foeniculum vulgare#Translingual

(US, often qualified as "sweet anise" or "wild anise") Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare.


கறி

ta-noun

கறி • (kaṟi)

kaṟi (romanization)
கறி (nominative singular)
கறியே (singular vocative)
கறியை (accusative singular)
கறிக்கு (dative singular)
கறிக்காக (benefactive singular)
கறியுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
கறியின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
கறியில் (locative locative-i singular)
கறியிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
கறியோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
கறியுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
கறியால் (instrumental singular)
கறியிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

→ English: curry (see there for further descendants)

→ Classical Malay:

Brunei Malay: kari

Indonesian: kari

→ Tagalog: kare-kare

desc

⇒ Macanese: carí, (via Portuguese) caril

→ Portuguese: caril

→ Thai: กะหรี่ (gà-rìi)

தமிழ்ப் பல்கலைக் கழகம்
w:Tamil University

s:ta:பக்கம்:சங்க இலக்கியத் தாவரங்கள்.pdf/620


karabiber

head

karabiber (definite accusative karabiberi, plural karabiberler)

karabiberi (accusative definite)
karabiberler (plural)
karabiber (nominative singular)
karabiberler (nominative plural)
karabiberi (accusative definite singular)
karabiberleri (accusative definite plural)
karabibere (dative singular)
karabiberlere (dative plural)
karabiberde (locative singular)
karabiberlerde (locative plural)
karabiberden (ablative singular)
karabiberlerden (ablative plural)
karabiberin (genitive singular)
karabiberlerin (genitive plural)
karabiberim (first-person nominative singular)
karabiberlerim (first-person nominative singular)
karabiberin (nominative second-person singular)
karabiberlerin (nominative second-person singular)
karabiberi (nominative singular third-person)
karabiberleri (nominative singular third-person)
karabiberimiz (first-person nominative plural)
karabiberlerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
karabiberiniz (nominative plural second-person)
karabiberleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
karabiberleri (nominative plural third-person)
karabiberimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
karabiberlerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
karabiberini (accusative definite second-person singular)
karabiberlerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
karabiberini (accusative definite singular third-person)
karabiberlerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
karabiberimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
karabiberlerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
karabiberinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
karabiberlerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
karabiberlerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
karabiberime (dative first-person singular)
karabiberlerime (dative first-person singular)
karabiberine (dative second-person singular)
karabiberlerine (dative second-person singular)
karabiberine (dative singular third-person)
karabiberlerine (dative singular third-person)
karabiberimize (dative first-person plural)
karabiberlerimize (dative first-person plural)
karabiberinize (dative plural second-person)
karabiberlerinize (dative plural second-person)
karabiberlerine (dative plural third-person)
karabiberimde (first-person locative singular)
karabiberlerimde (first-person locative singular)
karabiberinde (locative second-person singular)
karabiberlerinde (locative second-person singular)
karabiberinde (locative singular third-person)
karabiberlerinde (locative singular third-person)
karabiberimizde (first-person locative plural)
karabiberlerimizde (first-person locative plural)
karabiberinizde (locative plural second-person)
karabiberlerinizde (locative plural second-person)
karabiberlerinde (locative plural third-person)
karabiberimden (ablative first-person singular)
karabiberlerimden (ablative first-person singular)
karabiberinden (ablative second-person singular)
karabiberlerinden (ablative second-person singular)
karabiberinden (ablative singular third-person)
karabiberlerinden (ablative singular third-person)
karabiberimizden (ablative first-person plural)
karabiberlerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
karabiberinizden (ablative plural second-person)
karabiberlerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
karabiberlerinden (ablative plural third-person)
karabiberimin (first-person genitive singular)
karabiberlerimin (first-person genitive singular)
karabiberinin (genitive second-person singular)
karabiberlerinin (genitive second-person singular)
karabiberinin (genitive singular third-person)
karabiberlerinin (genitive singular third-person)
karabiberimizin (first-person genitive plural)
karabiberlerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
karabiberinizin (genitive plural second-person)
karabiberlerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
karabiberlerinin (genitive plural third-person)


galangal

en-noun

galangal (countable and uncountable, plural galangals)

From Middle English galyngale, from Old French galingal, from Arabic خَلَنْجَان (ḵalanjān), from Persian قولنجان (qulenjân, qulanjân), from Sanskrit कुलञ्जन (kulañjana), perhaps from Chinese 高良薑／高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng), from 高涼／高凉 (Gāoliáng) (a prefecture or county in China) + 薑／姜 (jiāng, “ginger”).

The refreshing aroma of galangal acts in combination with and as a contrast to lemongrass in many recipes in this book.

2008, Carol Selva Rajah, David Thompson, Heavenly Fragrance, page 144:

Another time, she dined in Hampstead, where she was fed a version of stargazy pie with a whole squid where the eel should have been. It was flavoured, for the full medieval effect, with galangal, which her hostess described as “kind of like frankincense”.

2023 July 15, Rachel Cooke, “No, Nigella – dinner parties are great. Deliveroo just doesn’t cut it”, in The Observer, →ISSN:

Any of several east Asian plants of genera Alpinia and Kaempferia in the ginger family, used as a spice, but principally Alpinia galanga.

خَوْلَنْجَان

any of several plants of the ginger family


cassia

cassia (countable and uncountable, plural cassias or cassiæ)

From Latin cassia (“cinnamon”), from Ancient Greek κασσία, κασία, κάσια (kassía, kasía, kásia), from Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā), from Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā), from קְצַע (qṣaʿ, “to cut off”). Compare Kezia.

der

κασσία, κασία, κάσια

Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā)

Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā)

The Daughters of the Flood have ſearch'd the Mead / For Violets pale, and cropt the Poppy's Head: / The Short Narciſſus and fair Daffodil, / Pancies to pleaſe the Sight, and Caſſia ſvveet to ſmell: […]

1697, Virgil, “The Second Pastoral. Or, Alexis.”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 6:

(countable) Such trees themselves, particularly the Chinese cinnamon, Cinnamomum cassia.


cassia

la-noun

cassia f (genitive cassiae); first declension

cassiae (genitive)
cassia (nominative singular)
cassiae (nominative plural)
cassiae (genitive singular)
cassiārum (genitive plural)
cassiae (dative singular)
cassiīs (dative plural)
cassiam (accusative singular)
cassiās (accusative plural)
cassiā (ablative singular)
cassiīs (ablative plural)
cassia (singular vocative)
cassiae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κασσία, κασία. κάσια (kassía, kasía. kásia), from Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā), from Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā), from קְצַע (qṣaʿ, “to cut off”).

bor

κασσία, κασία. κάσια

der

Hebrew קְצִיעָה (qəṣīʿā)

Aramaic קְצִיעֲתָא (qəṣīʿătā)


allspice

en-noun

allspice (countable and uncountable, plural allspices)

all + spice, as it was thought to combine the flavours of various other spices.

Pimenta dioica
Pimenta dioica#Translingual

(uncountable) A spice; the dried and ground unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, thought to combine the flavours of several spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.


tamarind

tamarind (countable and uncountable, plural tamarinds)

From Late Middle English thamarynde, from Old French tamarinde, from Medieval Latin tamarindus, from Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy, literally “Indian date”).

der

تَمْر هِنْدِيّ

Tamarindus indica
Tamarindus indica#Translingual

(botany) A tropical tree, Tamarindus indica.

He began to crack tamarinds, pulling out the pod flesh, adding sugar and black pepper from his palms.

2021, Leone Ross, This One Sky Day, Faber & Faber Limited, page 253:

Worcestershire sauce
Worcestershire sauce

(cooking) The fruit of this tree; the pulp is used as spice in Asian cooking and in Worcestershire sauce.

Garcinia gummi-gutta, Malabar tamarind, native to Indonesia.

Garcinia gummi-gutta
Garcinia gummi-gutta#Translingual

Other similar species:
A velvet tamarind (Dialium spp.).


fenugreek

en-noun

fenugreek (usually uncountable, plural fenugreeks)

/ˈfɛnjʊˌɡɹiːk/

/ˈfɛnjəˌɡɹiːk/

From Middle English fenygreke, fenegrek, from Old French fenugrec, fengrec, from Latin foenum-graecum, from foenum (“hay”, variant of faenum) + graecum (“Greek”, neuter form of graecus), literally “Greek hay”.

Fenugreek plant was introduced to Central Europe by Benedictine monks, and it is promoted in the 9th century by Charlemagne. It was grown extensively in the imperial gardens of Charlemagne (Popova, 2017).

2019, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Medicinal Plants of South Asia, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 260:

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual

Any of the species leguminous plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, eaten as a vegetable and with seeds used as a spice.

Fenugreek’s nutritional and tonic properties have also been tapped since ancient times. […] Fenugreek-based preparations stimulate the appetite and promote weight gain in people with anemia, anorexia, tuberculosis or asthenia.

2000, B. Dave Oomah, Herbs, Botanicals and Teas, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 110:

The seeds of this plant, used as a spice (especially in Indian and Thai cooking).


caraway

caraway (countable and uncountable, plural caraways)

From Middle English caraway, carewey, carwey, from Medieval Latin carui, from Arabic كَرَاوِيَا (karāwiyā), via Aramaic from Ancient Greek καρώ (karṓ), κάρον (káron, “caraway”).

A biennial plant, Carum carvi, native to Europe and Asia, mainly grown for its seed to be used as a culinary spice.


caraway

English: caraway

Scots: carvy

From Medieval Latin carui, from Arabic كَرَاوِيَّا (karāwiyyā), via Aramaic from Ancient Greek καρώ (karṓ), κάρον (káron, “caraway”). Doublet of carvi.


chipotle

From Spanish chipotle, from Classical Nahuatl chīlpōctli, compound of chīlli (“pepper”) + pōctli (“smoke”).

Sweet corn on the cob comes to vibrant life with a caramelized glaze of smoky chipotle peppers, tangy lime juice, sea salt, and agave nectar.

2012, Bo Rinaldi, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Low-Fat Vegan Cooking, Penguin, →ISBN:

A ripe jalapeño pepper, dried and smoked for use in cooking.

乾紅辣椒

a ripe jalapeño pepper, dried and smoked for use in cooking


cumin

cumin (usually uncountable, plural cumins)

From Middle English comyn, from Old English cymen (which is cognate with Old High German kumin) and Old French cummin, both from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), a Semitic borrowing ultimately to be traced to Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”). Possibly related to caraway.

der

Coordinate term: caraway

Cumin was often an ingredient of such love potions since it produced the effect of retention in whoever ate it.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 269:

Its aromatic long seed, used as a spice, notably in Indian, Middle Eastern, and Mexican cookery.


cumin

From Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), itself of Semitic origin.


coriander

en-noun

coriander (usually uncountable, plural corianders)

→ Japanese: コリアンダー (koriandā)

/ˌkɒɹiˈændə/

/ˈkɔɹiˌændɚ/

/ˌkɔɹiˈændɚ/

From Middle English coriandre, from Anglo-Norman coriandre, from Old French corïandre, from Latin coriandrum, from Ancient Greek κορίανδρον (koríandron), of uncertain origin. Doublet of cilantro.
cognates, etc.
Compare Ancient Greek κορίαννον (koríannon), κορίαμβλον (koríamblon), Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀪𐁀𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-ha-da-na), 𐀒𐀪𐀊𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-ja-da-na), 𐀒𐀪𐀊𐀈𐀜 (ko-ri-ja-do-no), 𐀒𐀪𐀍𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-jo-da-na), Akkadian 𒌑𒄷𒌷𒌝 (^úḫurium) Aramaic כסברה (kusbara, “coriander”), Classical Syriac ܟܽܘܣܒܰܪܬܳܐ (kūsbartā, “coriander”) and Arabic كُزْبَرَة (kuzbara).
Beekes supposes that cluster -dn- implies a Pre-Greek word, and hypothesizes that *koriaⁿdro- may have dissimilated to *koriaⁿdno-.

cog

Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata

(US) The dried fruits thereof, used as a spice.


paprika

en-noun

paprika (countable and uncountable, plural paprikas)

Borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). Akin to paprikash.

cog

California is taking the lead, producing a paprika that is more standardized and more uniformly available than the European growers offer.

1995, Jean Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums, →ISBN, page 73:

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

(uncountable) Powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these (used especially in Hungarian cooking).

Using the trio of paprikas gives more flavour than you'd get using a single paprika.

2011, Heidi Swan, Super Natural Evey Day, →ISBN:

strings of red paprikas hang outside to dry in the autumn

2003, Jonathan Bousfield, Rough Guide to Croatia, →ISBN, page 123:

(countable, rare, commonly called "dried [bell/chilli] peppers" or "dried capsicums") A dried but not yet ground fruit of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper sold for use as a spice.

paprika:

A bright reddish orange colour resembling that of the ground spice.


paprika

From English paprika, borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”).

paprika; powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these


paprika

nl-noun

paprika f (plural paprika's, diminutive paprikaatje n)

paprika's (plural)
paprikaatje (diminutive neuter)

From German Paprika, from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar (“pepper”), from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from an Indo-Aryan language.

Deze paprika bevat veel zaadjes.

This bell pepper contains a lot of seeds.

Het lukt me niet om paprika te laten groeien op mijn balkon.

I can't get a Capsicum annuum plant to grow on my balcony.

sweet pepper, bell pepper (plant or fruit of Capsicum annuum varieties yielding sweet peppers)


paprika

paprikák (plural)
paprika (nominative singular)
paprikák (nominative plural)
paprikát (accusative singular)
paprikákat (accusative plural)
paprikának (dative singular)
paprikáknak (dative plural)
paprikával (instrumental singular)
paprikákkal (instrumental plural)
paprikáért (causal-final singular)
paprikákért (causal-final plural)
paprikává (singular translative)
paprikákká (plural translative)
paprikáig (singular terminative)
paprikákig (plural terminative)
paprikaként (essive-formal singular)
paprikákként (essive-formal plural)
paprikában (inessive singular)
paprikákban (inessive plural)
paprikán (singular superessive)
paprikákon (plural superessive)
paprikánál (adessive singular)
paprikáknál (adessive plural)
paprikába (illative singular)
paprikákba (illative plural)
paprikára (singular sublative)
paprikákra (plural sublative)
paprikához (allative singular)
paprikákhoz (allative plural)
paprikából (elative singular)
paprikákból (elative plural)
paprikáról (delative singular)
paprikákról (delative plural)
paprikától (ablative singular)
paprikáktól (ablative plural)
paprikáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
paprikáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
paprikáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
paprikákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
paprikám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
paprikáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
paprikád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
paprikáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
paprikája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
paprikái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
paprikánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
paprikáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
paprikátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
paprikáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
paprikájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
paprikáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

→ Cebuano: paprika

→ Czech: paprika

→ Dutch: paprika

→ English: paprika

→ Faroese: paprika

→ Finnish: paprika

→ French: paprika

→ German: Paprika

→ Japanese: パプリカ

→ Latvian: paprika

→ Lower Sorbian: paprika

→ Polish: papryka

→ Slovak: paprika


anizo

eo-head

anizo (accusative singular anizon, plural anizoj, accusative plural anizojn)

anizon (accusative singular)
anizoj (plural)
anizojn (accusative plural)


chilli

Unadapted borrowing from English chilli.


chili

chili (spicy fresh or dried fruit of capsicum)


chili

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish chili, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.

chili pepper (piquant fruit of Capsicum plants, especially the varieties used in Mexican cuisine)

(uncountable) chili (spice made from chili peppers)

(uncountable) chili; chili con carne (dish of meat, beans, tomato sauce and chili)


jengibre

→ Basque: jengibre

Inherited from Old Spanish gengibre, from Old Occitan gengibre, from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberī.


jira

Borrowed from Hindi जीरा (jīrā), from Sanskrit जीरक (jīraka).


Paprika

de-noun

m,s,-􂀿usually with an article, determiner or numeral􂁀:s􂀿usually when standing alone􂁀

Paprika m (strong, genitive Paprikas, plural (usually with an article, determiner or numeral) Paprika or (usually when standing alone) Paprikas)

f,-􂀿usually with an article, determiner or numeral􂁀:s􂀿usually when standing alone􂁀

Paprika f (genitive Paprika, plural (usually with an article, determiner or numeral) Paprika or (usually when standing alone) Paprikas)

Paprikas (genitive)
Paprika (determiner numeral plural usually)
Paprikas (plural usually)
Paprika (genitive)
Paprika (determiner numeral plural usually)
Paprikas (plural usually)
Paprika (nominative singular)
Paprika (definite nominative plural)
Paprikas (definite nominative plural)
Paprikas (genitive singular)
Paprika (definite genitive plural)
Paprikas (definite genitive plural)
Paprika (dative singular)
Paprika (dative definite plural)
Paprikas (dative definite plural)
Paprika (accusative singular)
Paprika (accusative definite plural)
Paprikas (accusative definite plural)
Paprika (nominative singular)
Paprika (definite nominative plural)
Paprikas (definite nominative plural)
Paprika (genitive singular)
Paprika (definite genitive plural)
Paprikas (definite genitive plural)
Paprika (dative singular)
Paprika (dative definite plural)
Paprikas (dative definite plural)
Paprika (accusative singular)
Paprika (accusative definite plural)
Paprikas (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”).


chile

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl chīlli (“pepper”).

bor+

(Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, US) chili, chilli, chile


Kreuzkümmel

de-noun

Kreuzkümmel m (strong, genitive Kreuzkümmels, plural Kreuzkümmel)

Kreuzkümmels (genitive)
Kreuzkümmel (plural)
Kreuzkümmel (nominative singular)
Kreuzkümmel (definite nominative plural)
Kreuzkümmels (genitive singular)
Kreuzkümmel (definite genitive plural)
Kreuzkümmel (dative singular)
Kreuzkümmeln (dative definite plural)
Kreuzkümmel (accusative singular)
Kreuzkümmel (accusative definite plural)

/ˈkʁɔɪ̯t͡sˌkʏml̩/


Kümmel

Kümmel m (strong, genitive Kümmels, plural Kümmel)

Kümmels (genitive)
Kümmel (plural)
Kümmel (nominative singular)
Kümmel (definite nominative plural)
Kümmels (genitive singular)
Kümmel (definite genitive plural)
Kümmel (dative singular)
Kümmeln (dative definite plural)
Kümmel (accusative singular)
Kümmel (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German kümel, kumel, from Old High German kumil, from Proto-West Germanic *kumil (“caraway, cumin (seed)”).


Muskatnuss

de-noun

Muskatnuss f (genitive Muskatnuss, plural Muskatnüsse)

Muskatnuss (genitive)
Muskatnüsse (plural)
Muskatnuss (nominative singular)
Muskatnüsse (definite nominative plural)
Muskatnuss (genitive singular)
Muskatnüsse (definite genitive plural)
Muskatnuss (dative singular)
Muskatnüssen (dative definite plural)
Muskatnuss (accusative singular)
Muskatnüsse (accusative definite plural)

(countable) Short for Muskatnussbaum (“nutmeg tree”).


Muskat

Muskat m or (colloquial) n (strong, genitive Muskats or Muskates, plural (very rare) Muskate)

Muskats (genitive)
Muskates (genitive)
Muskate (plural rare)
Muskat (definite nominative singular)
Muskate (definite nominative plural rare)
Muskats (genitive singular)
Muskates (genitive singular)
Muskate (definite genitive plural rare)
Muskat (dative singular)
Muskate (dative singular)
Muskaten (dative definite plural rare)
Muskat (accusative definite singular)
Muskate (accusative definite plural rare)

→ Faroese: muskatt

From Middle High German muscāt, from Old French muscate, from Medieval Latin (nux) muscāta (“nutmeg”), from muscātus (“musky”), from Late Latin muscus (“musk”), from Ancient Greek μόσχος (móskhos, “musk”).

(usually uncountable) nutmeg (powdered spice)


Nelke

Nelke (genitive)
Nelken (plural)
Nelke (nominative singular)
Nelken (definite nominative plural)
Nelke (genitive singular)
Nelken (definite genitive plural)
Nelke (dative singular)
Nelken (dative definite plural)
Nelke (accusative singular)
Nelken (accusative definite plural)

→ Cimbrian: nelke

→ Latvian: neļķe

Borrowed from Middle Low German nēgelke(n) (“little spike, nail”), from Old Saxon nagal (“nail”). Doublet of Nägelchen and Nägelein (archaic).
Low German-looking forms are already found in Middle High German negelkīn alongside negelīn; the contraction is first attested in Central German Nelekin. The feminine form in -e is a backformation from the plural. The name is due to the typical form of cloves; compare Latin clāvulus (“clove”), from clāvus (“nail”), of which the German form may be a loan translation.

bor+

Syzygium aromaticum
Wikispecies:Syzygium aromaticum

clove (aromatic flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum) [from 13th c.]


Zimt

de-noun

Zimt m or n (strong, genitive Zimtes or Zimts, plural Zimte)

Zimtes (genitive)
Zimts (genitive)
Zimte (plural)
Zimt (definite nominative singular)
Zimte (definite nominative plural)
Zimtes (genitive singular)
Zimts (genitive singular)
Zimte (definite genitive plural)
Zimt (dative singular)
Zimte (dative singular)
Zimten (dative definite plural)
Zimt (accusative definite singular)
Zimte (accusative definite plural)

→ Lower Sorbian: cymt

→ Macedonian: цимет (cimet)

→ Serbo-Croatian: cìmet, цѝмет

→ Slovene: cīmet

→ Upper Sorbian: cymt

From late Middle High German zimet, from earlier zinemīn, zinment, from Latin cinnamon, cinnamomum, from Ancient Greek κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon), later κίνναμον (kínnamon), according to Herodotus from Phoenician, cognate with Hebrew קִנָּמוֹן (qinnāmōn).

2013, Hanna Dinkelbach, Zimt-Missbrauch: Das Risiko als letzte Würze, in: Website of Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
Die Einnahme von Zimt löst einen schweren Würgereflex aus, weil das Gewürz in Mund und Rachen brennt, erklärt Hower: „Beim Luftholen kann das Zimt in die Lunge gelangen“.

The consumption of cinnamon provokes a strong pharyngeal reflex because the spice stings in the mouth and throat, Hower explains: “When taking a breath, you can get the cinnamon into your lungs.”

(countable) a particular kind of cinnamon

(uncountable) the brownish colour of cinnamon


black pepper

William Farquhar Collection of Natural History Drawings


star anise

en-noun

star anise (countable and uncountable, plural star anises)

A plant, Illicium verum, used primarily for its star-shaped seed which resembles anise in scent and flavor, and which is used as a spice.

八角香

peh-kak-hiuⁿ / poeh-kak-hiuⁿ / peh-kak-hioⁿ


green pepper

A green variety of dried peppercorn, made from the unripe berries by treating them in a manner that retains the green color.


八角

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ kɔːk̚³/

/pat̚⁵⁵ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kɔyʔ²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kak̚³²/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kak̚³²/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ kɔːk̚³/

/pat̚⁵⁵ kɔk̚⁵⁵/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kɔyʔ²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kak̚³²/

/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kak̚³²/


bahar

head

bahar (definite accusative baharı, plural baharlar)

baharı (accusative definite)
baharlar (plural)
bahar (nominative singular)
baharlar (nominative plural)
baharı (accusative definite singular)
baharları (accusative definite plural)
bahara (dative singular)
baharlara (dative plural)
baharda (locative singular)
baharlarda (locative plural)
bahardan (ablative singular)
baharlardan (ablative plural)
baharın (genitive singular)
baharların (genitive plural)

From Ottoman Turkish بهار (bahâr), from Arabic بَهَار (bahār, “spice”), from Classical Persian بهار (bahār, “blossom”).


white pepper

en-noun

white pepper (usually uncountable, plural white peppers)

From Middle English whyte peper, equivalent to white + pepper.

A spice consisting of the light-colored seed of the black pepper fruit without the dark-colored pulp and skin. Used as a spice in light colored foods such as cream sauces.


biber

biber (nominative singular)
biberler (nominative plural)
biberniñ (genitive singular)
biberlerniñ (genitive plural)
biberge (dative singular)
biberlerge (dative plural)
biberni (accusative singular)
biberlerni (accusative plural)
biberde (locative singular)
biberlerde (locative plural)
biberden (ablative singular)
biberlerden (ablative plural)

Turkish biber, from Greek πιπέρι (pipéri).


biber

bìber (canonical masculine)
бѝбер (Cyrillic)
biber (nominative singular)
bibera (genitive singular)
biberu (dative singular)
biber (accusative singular)
biberu (singular vocative)
biberu (locative singular)
biberom (instrumental singular)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ببر (biber), from Greek πιπέρι, πιπεριά (pipéri, piperiá).

bor+

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">biber</i>

der

πιπέρι, πιπεριά


biber

head

biber (definite accusative biberi, plural biberler)

biberi (accusative definite)
biberler (plural)
biber (nominative singular)
biberler (nominative plural)
biberi (accusative definite singular)
biberleri (accusative definite plural)
bibere (dative singular)
biberlere (dative plural)
biberde (locative singular)
biberlerde (locative plural)
biberden (ablative singular)
biberlerden (ablative plural)
biberin (genitive singular)
biberlerin (genitive plural)
biberim (first-person nominative singular)
biberlerim (first-person nominative singular)
biberin (nominative second-person singular)
biberlerin (nominative second-person singular)
biberi (nominative singular third-person)
biberleri (nominative singular third-person)
biberimiz (first-person nominative plural)
biberlerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
biberiniz (nominative plural second-person)
biberleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
biberleri (nominative plural third-person)
biberimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
biberlerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
biberini (accusative definite second-person singular)
biberlerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
biberini (accusative definite singular third-person)
biberlerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
biberimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
biberlerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
biberinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
biberlerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
biberlerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
biberime (dative first-person singular)
biberlerime (dative first-person singular)
biberine (dative second-person singular)
biberlerine (dative second-person singular)
biberine (dative singular third-person)
biberlerine (dative singular third-person)
biberimize (dative first-person plural)
biberlerimize (dative first-person plural)
biberinize (dative plural second-person)
biberlerinize (dative plural second-person)
biberlerine (dative plural third-person)
biberimde (first-person locative singular)
biberlerimde (first-person locative singular)
biberinde (locative second-person singular)
biberlerinde (locative second-person singular)
biberinde (locative singular third-person)
biberlerinde (locative singular third-person)
biberimizde (first-person locative plural)
biberlerimizde (first-person locative plural)
biberinizde (locative plural second-person)
biberlerinizde (locative plural second-person)
biberlerinde (locative plural third-person)
biberimden (ablative first-person singular)
biberlerimden (ablative first-person singular)
biberinden (ablative second-person singular)
biberlerinden (ablative second-person singular)
biberinden (ablative singular third-person)
biberlerinden (ablative singular third-person)
biberimizden (ablative first-person plural)
biberlerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
biberinizden (ablative plural second-person)
biberlerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
biberlerinden (ablative plural third-person)
biberimin (first-person genitive singular)
biberlerimin (first-person genitive singular)
biberinin (genitive second-person singular)
biberlerinin (genitive second-person singular)
biberinin (genitive singular third-person)
biberlerinin (genitive singular third-person)
biberimizin (first-person genitive plural)
biberlerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
biberinizin (genitive plural second-person)
biberlerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
biberlerinin (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish ببر (biber), from Greek πιπέρι, πιπεριά (pipéri, piperiá).

der

πιπέρι, πιπεριά


karanfil

head

karanfil (definite accusative karanfili, plural karanfiller)

karanfili (accusative definite)
karanfiller (plural)
karanfil (nominative singular)
karanfiller (nominative plural)
karanfili (accusative definite singular)
karanfilleri (accusative definite plural)
karanfile (dative singular)
karanfillere (dative plural)
karanfilde (locative singular)
karanfillerde (locative plural)
karanfilden (ablative singular)
karanfillerden (ablative plural)
karanfilin (genitive singular)
karanfillerin (genitive plural)
karanfilim (first-person nominative singular)
karanfillerim (first-person nominative singular)
karanfilin (nominative second-person singular)
karanfillerin (nominative second-person singular)
karanfili (nominative singular third-person)
karanfilleri (nominative singular third-person)
karanfilimiz (first-person nominative plural)
karanfillerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
karanfiliniz (nominative plural second-person)
karanfilleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
karanfilleri (nominative plural third-person)
karanfilimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
karanfillerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
karanfilini (accusative definite second-person singular)
karanfillerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
karanfilini (accusative definite singular third-person)
karanfillerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
karanfilimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
karanfillerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
karanfilinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
karanfillerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
karanfillerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
karanfilime (dative first-person singular)
karanfillerime (dative first-person singular)
karanfiline (dative second-person singular)
karanfillerine (dative second-person singular)
karanfiline (dative singular third-person)
karanfillerine (dative singular third-person)
karanfilimize (dative first-person plural)
karanfillerimize (dative first-person plural)
karanfilinize (dative plural second-person)
karanfillerinize (dative plural second-person)
karanfillerine (dative plural third-person)
karanfilimde (first-person locative singular)
karanfillerimde (first-person locative singular)
karanfilinde (locative second-person singular)
karanfillerinde (locative second-person singular)
karanfilinde (locative singular third-person)
karanfillerinde (locative singular third-person)
karanfilimizde (first-person locative plural)
karanfillerimizde (first-person locative plural)
karanfilinizde (locative plural second-person)
karanfillerinizde (locative plural second-person)
karanfillerinde (locative plural third-person)
karanfilimden (ablative first-person singular)
karanfillerimden (ablative first-person singular)
karanfilinden (ablative second-person singular)
karanfillerinden (ablative second-person singular)
karanfilinden (ablative singular third-person)
karanfillerinden (ablative singular third-person)
karanfilimizden (ablative first-person plural)
karanfillerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
karanfilinizden (ablative plural second-person)
karanfillerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
karanfillerinden (ablative plural third-person)
karanfilimin (first-person genitive singular)
karanfillerimin (first-person genitive singular)
karanfilinin (genitive second-person singular)
karanfillerinin (genitive second-person singular)
karanfilinin (genitive singular third-person)
karanfillerinin (genitive singular third-person)
karanfilimizin (first-person genitive plural)
karanfillerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
karanfilinizin (genitive plural second-person)
karanfillerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
karanfillerinin (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish قرنفل (karanfil), from Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).


ata

From á- (“nominalizing prefix”) + ta (“to be peppery, to be spicy”), literally “that which is peppery”, cognate with Yoruba ata (“pepper”)


peper

English: pepper (see there for further descendants)

Scots: peper, pepar, pepir

Yola: pipper

Inherited from Old English pipor, piper, from West Germanic, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from Indo-Aryan.

pepper (a spice made from the fruit of the plant Piper nigrum)


vainilla

→ Catalan: vainilla

→ English: vanilla

desc

→ Cantonese: 雲呢拿／云呢拿 (wan⁴⁻⁶ nei¹ laa⁴⁻²), 云呢拿 (wan⁴⁻⁶ nei¹ laa⁴⁻²)

→ Icelandic: vanilla

→ Manx: vanilley

→ Thai: วานิลลา (wá-ní-laa)

desctree

→ French: vanille
→ Danish: vanilje
→ Dutch: vanille
→ English: vanille
→ Persian: وانیل (vânil)
→ German: Vanille
→ Norwegian Bokmål: vanilje

→ Friulian: vanilie

→ Italian: vaniglia

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: bainilha

Portuguese: baunilha

→ Piedmontese: vanilia

→ Polish: wanilia

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

From vaina (“pod”) + -illa (diminutive suffix).


anason

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual


anason

anason (accusative indefinite nominative)
anasonul (accusative definite nominative)
anason (indefinite)
anasonului (definite)
anasonule (vocative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آناصون (anason).


anason

anason (nominative singular)
anasonlar (nominative plural)
anasonu (accusative definite singular)
anasonları (accusative definite plural)
anasona (dative singular)
anasonlara (dative plural)
anasonda (locative singular)
anasonlarda (locative plural)
anasondan (ablative singular)
anasonlardan (ablative plural)
anasonun (genitive singular)
anasonların (genitive plural)
anasonum (first-person nominative singular)
anasonlarım (first-person nominative singular)
anasonun (nominative second-person singular)
anasonların (nominative second-person singular)
anasonu (nominative singular third-person)
anasonları (nominative singular third-person)
anasonumuz (first-person nominative plural)
anasonlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
anasonunuz (nominative plural second-person)
anasonlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
anasonları (nominative plural third-person)
anasonumu (accusative definite first-person singular)
anasonlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
anasonunu (accusative definite second-person singular)
anasonlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
anasonunu (accusative definite singular third-person)
anasonlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
anasonumuzu (accusative definite first-person plural)
anasonlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
anasonunuzu (accusative definite plural second-person)
anasonlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
anasonlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
anasonuma (dative first-person singular)
anasonlarıma (dative first-person singular)
anasonuna (dative second-person singular)
anasonlarına (dative second-person singular)
anasonuna (dative singular third-person)
anasonlarına (dative singular third-person)
anasonumuza (dative first-person plural)
anasonlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
anasonunuza (dative plural second-person)
anasonlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
anasonlarına (dative plural third-person)
anasonumda (first-person locative singular)
anasonlarımda (first-person locative singular)
anasonunda (locative second-person singular)
anasonlarında (locative second-person singular)
anasonunda (locative singular third-person)
anasonlarında (locative singular third-person)
anasonumuzda (first-person locative plural)
anasonlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
anasonunuzda (locative plural second-person)
anasonlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
anasonlarında (locative plural third-person)
anasonumdan (ablative first-person singular)
anasonlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
anasonundan (ablative second-person singular)
anasonlarından (ablative second-person singular)
anasonundan (ablative singular third-person)
anasonlarından (ablative singular third-person)
anasonumuzdan (ablative first-person plural)
anasonlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
anasonunuzdan (ablative plural second-person)
anasonlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
anasonlarından (ablative plural third-person)
anasonumun (first-person genitive singular)
anasonlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
anasonunun (genitive second-person singular)
anasonlarının (genitive second-person singular)
anasonunun (genitive singular third-person)
anasonlarının (genitive singular third-person)
anasonumuzun (first-person genitive plural)
anasonlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
anasonunuzun (genitive plural second-person)
anasonlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
anasonlarının (genitive plural third-person)
anasonum (first-person singular)
anasonlarım (first-person singular)
anasonsun (second-person singular)
anasonlarsın (second-person singular)
anason (singular third-person)
anasondur (singular third-person)
anasonlar (singular third-person)
anasonlardır (singular third-person)
anasonuz (first-person plural)
anasonlarız (first-person plural)
anasonsunuz (plural second-person)
anasonlarsınız (plural second-person)
anasonlar (plural third-person)
anasonlardır (plural third-person)


annatto

en-noun

annatto (countable and uncountable, plural annattos)

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

(countable) A tropical American evergreen shrub, Bixa orellana; the lipstick tree; the fruit of the tree.


Pfeffer

de-noun

Pfeffer m (strong, genitive Pfeffers, plural Pfeffer)

Pfeffers (genitive)
Pfeffer (plural)
Pfeffer (nominative singular)
Pfeffer (definite nominative plural)
Pfeffers (genitive singular)
Pfeffer (definite genitive plural)
Pfeffer (dative singular)
Pfeffern (dative definite plural)
Pfeffer (accusative singular)
Pfeffer (accusative definite plural)

most northern and central German speakers

From Middle High German pfeffer, from Old High German pfeffar, pfeffur, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar (“pepper”).

pepper (plant of the family Piperaceae and spice made therefrom)


carvi

Scots: carvy, carvie, carvey

From Old French carvi, from Arabic كَرَاوِيَّا (karāwiyyā), from Ancient Greek καρώ (karṓ). Doublet of caraway.


корица

ru-noun+

кори́ца • (koríca) f inan (genitive кори́цы, nominative plural кори́цы, genitive plural кори́ц, relational adjective кори́чный)

кори́ца (canonical)
koríca (romanization)
кори́цы (genitive)
кори́цы (nominative plural)
кори́ц (genitive plural)
кори́чный (adjective relational)
кори́ца (nominative singular)
кори́цы (nominative plural)
кори́цы (genitive singular)
кори́ц (genitive plural)
кори́це (dative singular)
кори́цам (dative plural)
кори́цу (accusative singular)
кори́цы (accusative plural)
кори́цей (instrumental singular)
кори́цею (instrumental singular)
кори́цами (instrumental plural)
кори́це (prepositional singular)
кори́цах (plural prepositional)
кори́ца (dated nominative singular)
кори́цы (dated nominative plural)
кори́цы (dated genitive singular)
кори́цъ (dated genitive plural)
кори́цѣ (dated dative singular)
кори́цамъ (dated dative plural)
кори́цу (accusative dated singular)
кори́цы (accusative dated plural)
кори́цей (dated instrumental singular)
кори́цею (dated instrumental singular)
кори́цами (dated instrumental plural)
кори́цѣ (dated prepositional singular)
кори́цахъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Kyrgyz: корица (koritsa)

→ Uzbek: koritsa

Inherited from Old East Slavic корица (korica), from Proto-Slavic *korica, diminutive of Proto-Slavic *kora (“tree bark”). Cognates include Ukrainian кори́ця (korýcja), Belarusian кары́ца (karýca).


papar

pȁpar (canonical masculine)
па̏пар (Cyrillic)
papar (nominative singular)
papra (genitive singular)
papru (dative singular)
papar (accusative singular)
papre (singular vocative)
papru (locative singular)
paprom (instrumental singular)

kajenski papar
kajenski papar#Serbo-Croatian

(uncountable) pepper (plant or spice of the Old World genus Piper, not of the New World genus Capsicum – however in the compound kajenski papar, as in German Cayennepfeffer)


poudre

English: powder (see there for further descendants)

Scots: pouder, pouther

→ Welsh: powdr, powdwr, pwdr

From Old French poudre, ultimately from Latin pulvis.

Powders used for culinary purposes; spices.


Ingwer

de-noun

Ingwer m (strong, genitive Ingwers, plural (rare) Ingwer)

Ingwers (genitive)
Ingwer (plural rare)
Ingwer (nominative singular)
Ingwer (definite nominative plural)
Ingwers (genitive singular)
Ingwer (definite genitive plural)
Ingwer (dative singular)
Ingwern (dative definite plural)
Ingwer (accusative singular)
Ingwer (accusative definite plural)

→ Estonian: ingver

→ Latvian: ingvers

→ Luxembourgish: Ingwer

desctree

→ Polish: imbir, imbier, imgbir, imber, ingbier, ingbir, jęgbir, engbier, imgbier, inbier, inbir (obsolete)
→ Belarusian: імбір (imbir)
→ Lithuanian: imbieras
→ Russian: имби́рь (imbírʹ)
→ Ukrainian: імби́р (imbýr)

→ Slovene: īngver, īmber

→ Lower Sorbian: ingwer

→ Upper Sorbian: himbjer, ingwer

From Middle High German ingewer, ingeber, from Old High German ingiber, gingiber, gingibero, from Proto-West Germanic *gingiberō.


anis

anise or aniseed plant (Pimpinella anisum)

Illicium verum
Illicium verum#Translingual


anis

→ Galician: anís

→ Portuguese: anis

→ Spanish: anís

Inherited from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison).


anis

From Spanish anís, from French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson).


anis

From Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἂνισον (ànison).


anis

anisen (definite singular)
aniser (indefinite plural)
anisene (definite plural)


anis

anisen (definite singular)
anisar (indefinite plural)
anisane (definite plural)


anis

From French anis, from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἂνισον (ànison).


anis

ànis (canonical masculine)
а̀нис (Cyrillic)
anis (nominative singular)
anisi (nominative plural)
anisa (genitive singular)
anisa (genitive plural)
anisu (dative singular)
anisima (dative plural)
anis (accusative singular)
anise (accusative plural)
anise (singular vocative)
anisi (plural vocative)
anisu (locative singular)
anisima (locative plural)
anisom (instrumental singular)
anisima (instrumental plural)


anis

aniseed (the seed-like fruit of the anise)


anis

Borrowed from Spanish anís, from French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson).


clavo

→ Jakaltek: lawuẍ

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: chicaclavó

desc

→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: clavo

Inherited from Old Spanish clavo, from Latin clāvus. The conservation of Latin /kl-/ is irregular (normally the result is /ʎ/, but cf. claro), which might imply a degree of Latin influence. Still, it is difficult to regard such a mundane term as learned or even semi-learned. First attested in the twelfth century. Compare Portuguese cravo.


анис

anis (romanization)
анис (indefinite singular)
анисот (definite singular unspecified)
анисов (definite proximal singular)
анисон (definite distal singular)
анису (singular vocative)


анис

ru-noun+

ани́с • (anís) m inan (genitive ани́са, nominative plural ани́сы, genitive plural ани́сов)

ани́с (canonical)
anís (romanization)
ани́са (genitive)
ани́сы (nominative plural)
ани́сов (genitive plural)
ани́с (nominative singular)
ани́сы (nominative plural)
ани́са (genitive singular)
ани́сов (genitive plural)
ани́су (dative singular)
ани́сам (dative plural)
ани́с (accusative singular)
ани́сы (accusative plural)
ани́сом (instrumental singular)
ани́сами (instrumental plural)
ани́се (prepositional singular)
ани́сах (plural prepositional)


анис

а̀нис (canonical masculine)
ànis (romanization)
анис (nominative singular)
аниси (nominative plural)
аниса (genitive singular)
аниса (genitive plural)
анису (dative singular)
анисима (dative plural)
анис (accusative singular)
анисе (accusative plural)
анисе (singular vocative)
аниси (plural vocative)
анису (locative singular)
анисима (locative plural)
анисом (instrumental singular)
анисима (instrumental plural)


ادرک

ur-noun

اَدْرَک • (adrak) f (Hindi spelling अदरक)

اَدْرَک (canonical)
adrak (romanization)
अदरक (Hindi)
ادرک (direct singular)
ادرکیں (direct plural)
ادرک (oblique singular)
ادرکوں (oblique plural)
ادرک (singular vocative)
ادرکو (plural vocative)

→ Pashto: ادرک (adrak)

→ Persian: ادرک (adrak)

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit आर्द्रक (ārdraka).


अदरक

adrak (romanization)
ادرک (Urdu)
अदरक (direct singular)
अदरकें (direct plural)
अदरक (oblique singular)
अदरकों (oblique plural)
अदरक (singular vocative)
अदरको (plural vocative)

→ Pashto: ادرک (adrak)

→ Persian: ادرک (adrak)

→ English: adraki

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit आर्द्रक (ārdraka, “ginger”) through Prakrit *𑀆𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀅 (*āddaa), from आर्द्र (ārdra, “wet”), as fresh ginger is wet. Doublet of आदा (ādā).


zafaran

[zàː.ɸə̀.râŋ]

Borrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).


cimet

cīmet (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
címet (nominative singular)
címeta (genitive singular)
címetu (dative singular)
címet (accusative singular)
címetu (locative singular)
címetom (instrumental singular)

From German Zimt, Zimmet (perhaps re-inforced by Gottscheerish tsimmait).


花椒

→ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ (hūwajiyoo)

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈfa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/ɸa̠³³ t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/ɸa̠³³ t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈfa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/ɸa̠³³ t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/ɸa̠³³ t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

Sichuan pepper; prickly ash (species in the genus Zanthoxylum)


चन्द्र

candrá (romanization)
चन्द्रः (nominative singular)
चन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
चन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
चन्द्र (singular vocative)
चन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
चन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
चन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
चन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
चन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चन्द्राय (dative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चन्द्रे (locative singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ژۆندُر (ċondur)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހަނދު (haⁿdu)

Sinhalese: හඳ (haⁿda)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চান্দ (sand)

Bengali: চাঁদ (cãd)

Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ (cåndå)

Rohingya: san

Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠘ꠆ꠖ (sando)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: चंद्रु (candru)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀁𑀤 (caṃda)

Gujarati: ચાંદ (cā̃d)

Hindustani:

Hindi: चाँद (cā̃d), चांद (cānd)

Urdu: چاند (cānd)

Nepali: चाँद् (cā̃d)

Punjabi: ਚੰਦ (cand), ਚੰਨ (cann)

Marwari: चांद (cā̃d)

Sindhi: چَنڊُ (candu)

Pali: canda

→ Burmese: စန္ဒာ (canda), စန်း (can:)

→ Khmer: ព្រះច័ន្ទ (prĕəh can)

→ Assamese: চন্দ্ৰ (sondro) (learned)

→ Bengali: চন্দ্র (côndrô) (learned)

desc

→ English: Chandra, Chander, Shandra (learned)

→ Burmese: စန္ဒြာ (candra) (learned)

→ Gujarati: ચંદ્ર (candra) (learned)

→ Thai: จันท์ (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: चन्द्र (candra), चन्दर (candar)

Urdu: چندر (candra)

→ Indonesian: candra (learned)

→ Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರ (candra) (learned)

→ Konkani: चन्द्र (candr) (learned)

→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan) (learned)

desctree

→ Malay: cendera (learned)
Indonesian: cendera

desc

→ Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രന് (candraṉ) (learned)

→ Marathi: चन्द्र (candra) (learned)

→ Nepali: चन्द्र (candra), चन्द्रमा (candramā) (learned)

→ Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (cåndrå) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਚੰਦ੍ਰ (candr), ਚੰਦਰ (candar) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: candra (learned)
Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (candra)

→ Shan: ၸၼ်ႇတႃႇ (tsàn tàa) (learned)

desc

→ Sinhalese: චන්ද්රයා (candrayā) (learned)

→ Lü: ᦶᦈᧃ (ṫsaen) (learned)

→ Tamil: சந்திரன் (cantiraṉ) (learned)

→ Telugu: చంద్రుడు (candruḍu) (learned)

→ Thai: จันทร์ (jan) (learned)

/t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/

/ˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)ćandrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand-. Doublet of श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Latin candeō, Old Armenian խանդ (xand). See also the root चन्द् (cand, “to shine, be bright, gladden”).


चन्द्र

candrá (romanization)
चन्द्रम् (nominative singular)
चन्द्रे (dual nominative)
चन्द्राणि (nominative plural)
चन्द्रा1 (nominative plural)
चन्द्र (singular vocative)
चन्द्रे (dual vocative)
चन्द्राणि (plural vocative)
चन्द्रा1 (plural vocative)
चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
चन्द्रे (accusative dual)
चन्द्राणि (accusative plural)
चन्द्रा1 (accusative plural)
चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चन्द्राय (dative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चन्द्रे (locative singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

/t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/

/ˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/


生姜

ja-noun

生(しょう)姜(きょう) • (shōkyō)

生姜末

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

(alternative medicine, herbs) ginger root (rhizome of Zingiber officinale used as herbal medicine)


白胡椒

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ fu²¹ t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² wuː²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰaʔ² fu³⁵ t͡ɕiɛu²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio³³/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɛ²¹ fu²¹ t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² wuː²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰaʔ² fu³⁵ t͡ɕiɛu²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio³³/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/


胡椒

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieu⁵⁵/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio³³/

/hɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/hɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴/

/ɸu¹³ t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/ɸu¹³ t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieu⁵⁵/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sio³³/

/hɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/hɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴/

/ɸu¹³ t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/ɸu¹³ t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

“Foreign pepper”. The principal time of import to China was estimated to be during the Tang dynasty, and the source―per the miscellany Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang of the 9ᵗʰ century CE―was the Magadha Kingdom of India, where it was called 昧履支 (MC mwojH lijX tsye) locally; cf. Sanskrit मरिच (marica, “black pepper”).

pepper, especially black pepper (both the plant and the spice)

(Jianghuai Mandarin) chili pepper; red pepper


胡椒

胡(こ)椒(しょう) or 胡椒(コショウ) • (koshō) ^(←こせう (koseu) or コセウ (koseu)?)

胡椒 (canonical)
胡椒 (canonical)
koshō (romanization)
koseu (romanization)
こせう (hiragana historical)
コセウ (hiragana historical)


canela

Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin cannella, diminutive of canna (“reed, cane”). Cognate with Portuguese canela, Spanish canilla, Catalan canell


canela

Inherited from Latin cannella, diminutive of canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na).


canela

Borrowed from Portuguese canela, from Latin canella, diminutive of canna (“reed, cane”).


kumino

eo-head

kumino (accusative singular kuminon, plural kuminoj, accusative plural kuminojn)

kuminon (accusative singular)
kuminoj (plural)
kuminojn (accusative plural)


cardamomo

From Latin cardamōmum, from Ancient Greek καρδάμωμον (kardámōmon).


زعفران

ar-noun

زَعْفَرَان • (zaʕfarān) m

زَعْفَرَان (canonical)
zaʕfarān (romanization)
زَعْفَرَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الزَّعْفَرَان (definite informal singular triptote)
زَعْفَرَان (construct informal singular triptote)
زَعْفَرَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الزَّعْفَرَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
زَعْفَرَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
زَعْفَرَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّعْفَرَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
زَعْفَرَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
زَعْفَرَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّعْفَرَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
زَعْفَرَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: żagħfran

Moroccan Arabic: زعفران (zaʕfrān)

q

from the definite form <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">الزَّعْفَرَان</i> (az-zaʕfarān)

Andalusian Arabic: زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān) (from the definite form الزَّعْفَرَان (az-zaʕfarān))

→ Asturian: azafrán

→ Galician: azafrán

→ Portuguese: açafrão

→ Spanish: azafrán

Borrowings

→ Aramaic:

desc

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܙܲܥܦܪܵܢܵܐ (zaˁprānā)

Jewish Literary Aramaic: זעפרנא

Classical Mandaic: ࡆࡀࡐࡀࡓࡀࡍࡀ, ࡆࡀࡏࡐࡀࡓࡀࡍࡀ

Classical Syriac: ܙܥܦܪܢ

→ Middle Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran), զափրան (zapʻran), զաւհրան (zawhran)

Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran)

→ Italian: zafferano

→ Medieval Latin: safranum

Gallo-Italic

→ Ligurian: safran

→ Piedmontese: safran

→ Old French: safran (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Occitan:

Catalan: safrà

Occitan: safran

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زعفران (zaʼferan), زغفران (zağferan, zagferan), صفران (safran)
Gagauz: şafran
Turkish: safran
→ Bulgarian: шафра́н (šafrán)
→ Macedonian: шафран (šafran)
→ Russian: шафра́н (šafrán)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ша̀фран
Latin script: šàfran

→ Persian: زعفران (za'ferân) (see there for further descendants)

→ Swahili: zafarani

→ Albanian: shafran

→ Czech: šafrán

→ Danish: safran

→ Estonian: safran

→ Faroese: safran

→ Icelandic: saffran

→ Hebrew: זעפרן (z'afrán)

→ Hungarian: sáfrány

→ Latvian: safrāns

→ Lithuanian: šafranas, šafronas

→ Norwegian: safran

→ Polish: szafran

→ Romanian: șofran

→ Slovak: šafran

→ Slovene: žafran

→ Swedish: saffran

Borrowed from Aramaic צפר with unattested -ān ending, compare زَعْتَر (zaʕtar, “wild thyme”) and juxtapose عُصْفُر (ʕuṣfur) for a native form from أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar, “yellow”) of the root ص ف ر (ṣ-f-r).
A Middle Iranian borrowing is also maintained, which invites comparison with Persian جعفری (ja'fari, “parsley”).


زعفران

Gagauz: şafran

Turkish: safran

→ Bulgarian: шафра́н (šafrán)

→ Macedonian: шафран (šafran)

→ Russian: шафра́н (šafrán)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ша̀фран

Latin script: šàfran

طبیعی بویالرك اك مهملری كوك بویا ، بقام اغاجی ، چیوید ، زغفران جهرى وقرمزدر .

1914, Harun Reşit Kocacan, Muhtasar ilm-i kımya: Darülmuallimin ve Darülfünun ile mekâtib-i iʼdadiye sınıflarına mahsustur, İstanbul: Kitaphane-yi İslâm ve Askerı̂, page 254:

The most important natural dyes are madder, bloodwood, indigo, saffron, yellowberry, and kermes.

tabiʼi boyalarıñ eñ mühimleri kök boya, bakkam ağacı, çivid, zağferan[,] cehri ve kırmızdır.


زعفران

→ Azerbaijani: zəfəran
→ Georgian: ზაფარან (zaparan) — Ingilo

→ Bengali: জাফরান (japhoran)

desc

→ Georgian: ზაფარანი (zaparani) — Fereydan

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)

Urdu: زعفران (zāfrān)

→ Sindhi: زعفران

→ Sindhi: زعفران

bor+

Borrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)


زعفران

ur-noun

زعفران • (zāfrān) f (Hindi spelling ज़ाफ़रान)

Borrowed from Classical Persian زَعْفَرَان (za'farān), from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).


skořice

skořice (nominative singular)
skořice (nominative plural)
skořice (genitive singular)
skořic (genitive plural)
skořici (dative singular)
skořicím (dative plural)
skořici (accusative singular)
skořice (accusative plural)
skořice (singular vocative)
skořice (plural vocative)
skořici (locative singular)
skořicích (locative plural)
skořicí (instrumental singular)
skořicemi (instrumental plural)

From s- + Proto-Slavic *korica. Cognate with Upper Sorbian skorica and Slovak škorica.


بهار

ar-noun

بَهَار • (bahār) m (plural بَهَارَات (bahārāt))

بَهَار (canonical)
bahār (romanization)
بَهَارَات (plural)
بَهَار (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَهَار (definite informal singular triptote)
بَهَار (construct informal singular triptote)
بَهَارٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَهَارُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَهَارُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بَهَارًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَهَارَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَهَارَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بَهَارٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَهَارِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
بَهَارِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
بَهَارَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَهَارَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
بَهَارَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
بَهَارَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَهَارَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
بَهَارَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
بَهَارَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَهَارَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
بَهَارَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
بَهَارَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَهَارَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
بَهَارَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
بَهَارَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْبَهَارَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
بَهَارَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
بَهَارَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْبَهَارَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
بَهَارَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
بَهَارَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْبَهَارَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
بَهَارَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
بَهَارَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْبَهَارَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
بَهَارَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Gulf Arabic: بهار (bhār)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بهار (bahar), պահար (bahar) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: bahar
→ Armenian: պահար (pahar)
→ Bulgarian: баха́р (bahár)
→ Georgian: ბაჰარი (bahari)
→ Greek: μπαχάρι (bachári)
→ Laz: ბეჲარი (beyari)
→ Macedonian: бахар (bahar)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бѐха̄р
Latin script: bèhār
→ Crimean Tatar: baar

→ English: baharat

→ Turkish: baharat

Derived from Classical Persian بهار (bahār) in the sense of blossoms and foliage, as a great many spices are cultivated from the leaves of various plants and herbs.


بهار

acw-noun

بهار • (bahār) m (plural بهارات (bahārāt))

From Arabic بَهَار (bahār), from Classical Persian بهار (bahār).


بهار

ajp-noun

بهار • (bhār) m (plural بهارات (bhārāt))


pepř

pepř (nominative singular)
pepře (nominative plural)
pepře (genitive singular)
pepřů (genitive plural)
pepři (dative singular)
pepřům (dative plural)
pepř (accusative singular)
pepře (accusative plural)
pepři (singular vocative)
pepře (plural vocative)
pepři (locative singular)
pepřích (locative plural)
pepřem (instrumental singular)
pepři (instrumental plural)

pepper, a spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant


زیره

→ Azerbaijani: zirə / زیره, cirə

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ीरा (zīrā)

Urdu: زیرہ (zīrā)

→ Kashmiri: زیره / ज़ीर (zīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زیره (zîre)

→ Russian: зира (zira)

→ Ukrainian: зіра (zira) (not directly)

→ Uyghur: زىرە (zire)

→ Chinese: 孜然 (zīrán)

Cognate with Baluchi زیرگ (zirrag), Northern Kurdish zîre, Central Kurdish زیرە (zîre), Southern Kurdish زیرە (zîre), Sogdian [script needed] (zyr'kk /zîrê/), and distantly with Sanskrit जीरक (jīraka).


ببر

Turkish: biber

desc

→ Armenian: բիբար (bibar), բիբառ (bibaṙ), բիբեր (biber), բիբեռ (bibeṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: bibər

→ Crimean Tatar: biber

→ Macedonian: бибер (biber)

→ Serbo-Croatian: бѝбер (biber)

From Greek πιπέρι, πιπεριά (pipéri, piperiá).

bor

πιπέρι, πιπεριά


hardal

head

hardal (definite accusative hardalı, plural hardallar)

hardalı (accusative definite)
hardallar (plural)
hardal (nominative singular)
hardallar (nominative plural)
hardalı (accusative definite singular)
hardalları (accusative definite plural)
hardala (dative singular)
hardallara (dative plural)
hardalda (locative singular)
hardallarda (locative plural)
hardaldan (ablative singular)
hardallardan (ablative plural)
hardalın (genitive singular)
hardalların (genitive plural)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish خردل (hardal), from Arabic خَرْدَل (ḵardal).


فلفل

فِلْفِل (canonical)
filfil (romanization)
فِلْفِل (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْفِلْفِل (definite informal singular triptote)
فِلْفِل (construct informal singular triptote)
فِلْفِلٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْفِلْفِلُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فِلْفِلُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
فِلْفِلًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْفِلْفِلَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
فِلْفِلَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
فِلْفِلٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْفِلْفِلِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
فِلْفِلِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Classical Persian: فِلْفِل (filfil)

Borrowed from Classical Persian پِلْپِل (pilpil).

bor+

(uncountable) pepper (including sweet peppers, chilis as well as black pepper)


فلفل

head

فلفل • (felfel) (plural فلفلها (felfel-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic فِلْفِل (filfil), from Persian پلپل (pelpel), from Indo-Aryan. Compare Old Armenian պղպեղ (płpeł), պղպիղ (płpił) and Georgian პილპილი (ṗilṗili), Iranian borrowings.


سماق

ar-noun

سُمَّاق • (summāq) m

سُمَّاق (canonical)
summāq (romanization)
سُمَّاق (indefinite informal singular triptote)
السُّمَّاق (definite informal singular triptote)
سُمَّاق (construct informal singular triptote)
سُمَّاقٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السُّمَّاقُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
سُمَّاقُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
سُمَّاقًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
السُّمَّاقَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
سُمَّاقَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
سُمَّاقٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السُّمَّاقِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
سُمَّاقِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Andalusian Arabic: سماق

→ Catalan: sumac

→ Galician: sumagre

→ Portuguese: sumagre

→ Spanish: zumaque

→ Basque: zumake

→ Italian: sommacco

→ Medieval Latin: sumach

→ Irish: sumach

Old French: sumac

Anglo-Norman: sumak

→ Middle English: sumac

English: sumac

French: sumac

→ Dutch: sumak

→ Ottoman Turkish: صوماق (sumak, somak)

Turkish: sumak, somak

→ Persian: سماق (somâq)

→ Azerbaijani: sumaq

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुम्माक़ (summāq)

Urdu: سماق (summāq)

From Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqā, “red; sumac”).


سماق

head

سماق • (somâq)

fa-noun

سماق • (somâq)


سماق

ur-noun

سماق • (summāq) m (Hindi spelling सुम्माक़)


macis

→ Greek: μασίς (masís)

Inherited from Middle French macis, from Old French macis, from late Medieval Latin macis, possibly a corruption of Latin macir (denoting a different red spice from India), from Ancient Greek μάκιρ (mákir, “macir”), an eastern loanword of unknown further origin.


macis

From Medieval Latin macis, corrupted from Latin macir.


macis

fro-noun

macis oblique singular, m (nominative singular macis)

macis oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
macis (nominative singular)

Middle French: macis

desctree

→ Middle English: macys, maas, mace, maces, macez, macz, mases, masis, masys, mauce
English: mace
→ Japanese: メース (meisu)
→ Korean: 메이스 (meiseu)
→ Maori: meihi
→ Welsh: mês

French: macis
→ Greek: μασίς (masís)

From Medieval Latin macis, possible corruption of Latin macir, the name of a different spice, q.v.


pimienta

Spanish: pimienta

From pimiento (“pepper plant”), from Latin pigmentum (“color, pigment”).

Negra es de color ⁊ pareſce en ella ya q̃to de uermeiura; aſſi que ſemeia alos granos dela pimienta.

It is black in color, but it also has to it some redness, so that it resembles peppercorns.


pimienta

→ Bikol Central: paminta

→ Cebuano: paminta

→ Karao: paminta

→ Tagalog: paminta

→ Waray-Waray: paminta

Inherited from Old Spanish pimienta, from pimiento (“pepper plant”), from Latin pigmentum (“color, pigment”). Compare Portuguese pimenta.


anís

Borrowed from French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson).


azafrán

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic اَلزَّعْفَرَان (az-zaʕfarān, “the saffron”). Cognate with English saffron.

der

اَلزَّعْفَرَان

AZAFRÁN. Curcuma longa. Planta con la que los indios tiñen de amarillo que no es muy firme. Su raíz cruda la comen los que adolecen de jaqueca, y les aprovecha.

1879, José Felipe del Pan, Diccionario de la administración, del Comercio y de la vida práctica en Filipinas, page 150:

TURMERIC. Curcuma longa. Plant with which the Indians use as yellow dye that is not firm. Its raw root is eaten by those who suffer from headaches, and they take advantage of it.

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual


sauge

English: sage

Scots: sage

Borrowed from Middle French sauge, from Old French salje, from Latin salvia.

Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis#Translingual

sage (Salvia officinalis or its product)


garba

garba (nominative singular)
garbje (dual nominative)
garby (nominative plural)
garby (genitive singular)
garbowu (dual genitive)
garbow (genitive plural)
garbje (dative singular)
garboma (dative dual)
garbam (dative plural)
garbu (accusative singular)
garbje (accusative dual)
garby (accusative plural)
garbu (instrumental singular)
garboma (dual instrumental)
garbami (instrumental plural)
garbje (locative singular)
garboma (dual locative)
garbach (locative plural)

Borrowed from German Garbe (“yarrow”) (now only in the compound Schafgarbe), from Proto-West Germanic *garwu.


गौर

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)


kassia

kassia (nominative singular)
kassiat (nominative plural)
kassia (accusative nominative singular)
kassiat (accusative nominative plural)
kassian (accusative genitive singular)
kassiat (accusative genitive plural)
kassian (genitive singular)
kassioiden (genitive plural)
kassioitten (genitive plural)
kassiain (genitive plural rare)
kassiaa (partitive singular)
kassioita (partitive plural)
kassiassa (inessive singular)
kassioissa (inessive plural)
kassiasta (elative singular)
kassioista (elative plural)
kassiaan (illative singular)
kassioihin (illative plural)
kassialla (adessive singular)
kassioilla (adessive plural)
kassialta (ablative singular)
kassioilta (ablative plural)
kassialle (allative singular)
kassioille (allative plural)
kassiana (essive singular)
kassioina (essive plural)
kassiaksi (singular translative)
kassioiksi (plural translative)
kassiatta (abessive singular)
kassioitta (abessive plural)
kassioin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kassiani (nominative singular)
kassiani (nominative plural)
kassiani (accusative nominative singular)
kassiani (accusative nominative plural)
kassiani (accusative genitive singular)
kassiani (accusative genitive plural)
kassiani (genitive singular)
kassioideni (genitive plural)
kassioitteni (genitive plural)
kassiaini (genitive plural rare)
kassiaani (partitive singular)
kassioitani (partitive plural)
kassiassani (inessive singular)
kassioissani (inessive plural)
kassiastani (elative singular)
kassioistani (elative plural)
kassiaani (illative singular)
kassioihini (illative plural)
kassiallani (adessive singular)
kassioillani (adessive plural)
kassialtani (ablative singular)
kassioiltani (ablative plural)
kassialleni (allative singular)
kassioilleni (allative plural)
kassianani (essive singular)
kassioinani (essive plural)
kassiakseni (singular translative)
kassioikseni (plural translative)
kassiattani (abessive singular)
kassioittani (abessive plural)
kassioineni (comitative plural)
kassiasi (nominative singular)
kassiasi (nominative plural)
kassiasi (accusative nominative singular)
kassiasi (accusative nominative plural)
kassiasi (accusative genitive singular)
kassiasi (accusative genitive plural)
kassiasi (genitive singular)
kassioidesi (genitive plural)
kassioittesi (genitive plural)
kassiaisi (genitive plural rare)
kassiaasi (partitive singular)
kassioitasi (partitive plural)
kassiassasi (inessive singular)
kassioissasi (inessive plural)
kassiastasi (elative singular)
kassioistasi (elative plural)
kassiaasi (illative singular)
kassioihisi (illative plural)
kassiallasi (adessive singular)
kassioillasi (adessive plural)
kassialtasi (ablative singular)
kassioiltasi (ablative plural)
kassiallesi (allative singular)
kassioillesi (allative plural)
kassianasi (essive singular)
kassioinasi (essive plural)
kassiaksesi (singular translative)
kassioiksesi (plural translative)
kassiattasi (abessive singular)
kassioittasi (abessive plural)
kassioinesi (comitative plural)
kassiamme (nominative singular)
kassiamme (nominative plural)
kassiamme (accusative nominative singular)
kassiamme (accusative nominative plural)
kassiamme (accusative genitive singular)
kassiamme (accusative genitive plural)
kassiamme (genitive singular)
kassioidemme (genitive plural)
kassioittemme (genitive plural)
kassiaimme (genitive plural rare)
kassiaamme (partitive singular)
kassioitamme (partitive plural)
kassiassamme (inessive singular)
kassioissamme (inessive plural)
kassiastamme (elative singular)
kassioistamme (elative plural)
kassiaamme (illative singular)
kassioihimme (illative plural)
kassiallamme (adessive singular)
kassioillamme (adessive plural)
kassialtamme (ablative singular)
kassioiltamme (ablative plural)
kassiallemme (allative singular)
kassioillemme (allative plural)
kassianamme (essive singular)
kassioinamme (essive plural)
kassiaksemme (singular translative)
kassioiksemme (plural translative)
kassiattamme (abessive singular)
kassioittamme (abessive plural)
kassioinemme (comitative plural)
kassianne (nominative singular)
kassianne (nominative plural)
kassianne (accusative nominative singular)
kassianne (accusative nominative plural)
kassianne (accusative genitive singular)
kassianne (accusative genitive plural)
kassianne (genitive singular)
kassioidenne (genitive plural)
kassioittenne (genitive plural)
kassiainne (genitive plural rare)
kassiaanne (partitive singular)
kassioitanne (partitive plural)
kassiassanne (inessive singular)
kassioissanne (inessive plural)
kassiastanne (elative singular)
kassioistanne (elative plural)
kassiaanne (illative singular)
kassioihinne (illative plural)
kassiallanne (adessive singular)
kassioillanne (adessive plural)
kassialtanne (ablative singular)
kassioiltanne (ablative plural)
kassiallenne (allative singular)
kassioillenne (allative plural)
kassiananne (essive singular)
kassioinanne (essive plural)
kassiaksenne (singular translative)
kassioiksenne (plural translative)
kassiattanne (abessive singular)
kassioittanne (abessive plural)
kassioinenne (comitative plural)
kassiansa (nominative singular)
kassiansa (nominative plural)
kassiansa (accusative nominative singular)
kassiansa (accusative nominative plural)
kassiansa (accusative genitive singular)
kassiansa (accusative genitive plural)
kassiansa (genitive singular)
kassioidensa (genitive plural)
kassioittensa (genitive plural)
kassiainsa (genitive plural rare)
kassiaansa (partitive singular)
kassioitaan (partitive plural)
kassioitansa (partitive plural)
kassiassaan (inessive singular)
kassiassansa (inessive singular)
kassioissaan (inessive plural)
kassioissansa (inessive plural)
kassiastaan (elative singular)
kassiastansa (elative singular)
kassioistaan (elative plural)
kassioistansa (elative plural)
kassiaansa (illative singular)
kassioihinsa (illative plural)
kassiallaan (adessive singular)
kassiallansa (adessive singular)
kassioillaan (adessive plural)
kassioillansa (adessive plural)
kassialtaan (ablative singular)
kassialtansa (ablative singular)
kassioiltaan (ablative plural)
kassioiltansa (ablative plural)
kassialleen (allative singular)
kassiallensa (allative singular)
kassioilleen (allative plural)
kassioillensa (allative plural)
kassianaan (essive singular)
kassianansa (essive singular)
kassioinaan (essive plural)
kassioinansa (essive plural)
kassiakseen (singular translative)
kassiaksensa (singular translative)
kassioikseen (plural translative)
kassioiksensa (plural translative)
kassiattaan (abessive singular)
kassiattansa (abessive singular)
kassioittaan (abessive plural)
kassioittansa (abessive plural)
kassioineen (comitative plural)
kassioinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈkɑ̝s̠ːiɑ̝]


פלפל שחור

he-noun

פִּלְפֵּל שָׁחֹר

פלפלים שחורים

פִּלְפְּלִים שְׁחֹרִים

פלפל שחור / פִּלְפֵּל שָׁחֹר • (pilpel shachór) m (plural indefinite פלפלים שחורים / פִּלְפְּלִים שְׁחֹרִים)

פִּלְפֵּל שָׁחֹר (canonical)
pilpel shachór (romanization)
פלפלים שחורים (indefinite plural)
פִּלְפְּלִים שְׁחֹרִים (indefinite plural)

פִּלְפֵּל (pilpel, “pepper”) + שָׁחֹר (shakhór, “black”)

black pepper
black pepper#English:_Q68450757


thảo quả

[tʰaːw˨˩˦ waː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 草果, composed of 草 (“grass”) and 果 (“fruit”).

vi-etym-sino

black cardamom (Lanxangia tsaoko, formerly called Amomum tsao-ko)


black cardamom

An Asiatic plant of species Amomum subulatum, whose pods are used as a spice in Indian cuisine.


quế

Tai Dam: ꪵꪁꪫ꪿

cây quế


ớt

head

ớt • (艺, 𣜶, 乙, 𱾨)

vi-noun

(classifier cây, quả, trái) ớt • (艺, 𣜶, 乙, 𱾨)

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
艺 (CJK)
𣜶 (CJK)
乙 (CJK)
𱾨 (CJK)

→ Tai Dam: ꪹꪮꪒ

Köhler's Medicinal Plants
Neo-Latin
Pigneau de Béhaine
Piper cubeba
referent

From Proto-Vietic *ʔəːt.
Pigneau de Béhaine's Dictionarium anamitico-latinum (1772 manuscript) glosses ớt as pimentum https://archive.org/details/DictionariumAnamiticoLatinumPigneaux/Dictionarium%20Anamitico-Latinum%20-%201772%2C%20P.J.%20Pigneaux/page/n395/mode/2up, a Neo-Latin derivation from French piment (“‘spice’ → ‘chilli pepper’”).
Phạm Đình Hổ's 1827 dictionary Nhật dụng thường đàm (日用常談 "Common Words Used Daily") glosses ớt 乙 as 蓽䔲茄 (SV: tất đăng gia; "tailed pepper, cubeb, Piper cubeba") https://web.archive.org/web/20230721133650/http://www.nomfoundation.org/common/show.php?detail=1202&uiLang=en, also called tiêu thất in Vietnamese; so that plant was probably ớt’s original referent before the introduction of chilli pepper from the Americas.

Lý hạng ca dao 里巷歌謠 (Folk-ballads from the hamlets and alleys), 50a
艺𱜢𱺵艺𫽄𨐮
𡛔𱜢𱺵𡛔𫽄𫨩悭𫯳
Ớt nào là ớt chẳng cay?
Gái nào là gái chẳng hay ghen chồng?
Which tailed pepper (berry) / cubeb (berry) is not spicy?
Which wife is not often possessive of her husband?

(obsolete) tailed pepper, cubeb (Piper cubeba)


tiêu

(cooking) several plants – of the genus Xanthoxylum and the family Piperaceae – which are used as spices; pepper (excluding chilli pepper)


pudina

A form of mint, Mentha arvensis, found in parts of India and Pakistan and used in tea and cooking.


pudina

ms-noun

pudina (Jawi spelling ڤودينا, plural pudina-pudina, informal 1st possessive pudinaku, 2nd possessive pudinamu, 3rd possessive pudinanya)

ڤودينا (Jawi)
pudina-pudina (plural)
pudinaku (first-person informal possessive)
pudinamu (possessive second-person)
pudinanya (possessive third-person)


scorțișoară

scorțișoară (accusative indefinite nominative)
scorțișoara (accusative definite nominative)
scorțișoare (indefinite)
scorțișoarei (definite)
scorțișoară (vocative)
scorțișoaro (vocative)

Diminutive of scoarță (“bark”) + -ișoară, feminine of -ișor.


Sichuan pepper

en-noun

Sichuan pepper (usually uncountable, plural Sichuan peppers)

(countable, uncountable) The outer pod of the tiny fruit of a number of species in the genus Zanthoxylum widely grown and consumed in Asia as a spice. Not closely related to black pepper or to chilli peppers.


gừng

head

薑, 姜, 羌, 𤃥, 𦹱

vi-noun

薑, 姜, 羌, 𤃥, 𦹱

(classifier cây, củ) gừng • (薑, 姜, 羌, 𤃥, 𦹱)

cây (classifier)
củ (classifier)
薑 (CJK)
姜 (CJK)
羌 (CJK)
𤃥 (CJK)
𦹱 (CJK)


זנגביל

he-noun

זַנְגְּבִיל • (zangvíl) m

זַנְגְּבִיל (canonical)
zangvíl (romanization)

Medieval borrowing from Arabic زَنْجَبِيل (zanjabīl), and earlier still from Aramaic זַנְגְּבִילָא (zangḇīlā, zangəḇīlā) which is apart from various Babylonian Talmud Mishna Tractates notably found in the Targum Song of Songs 3:9 however the compilator of the TgSong is theoretized to be a native Arabic speaker instead of a native Aramaic speaker and the continuity to later uses is questionable. Compare the rare Hebrew גִּנְבָּר (ginbār), from rare Jewish Babylonian Aramaic גִּינְבְּרָא (ginbərā) from Ancient Greek γιγγίβερις (gingíberis).

bor

זַנְגְּבִילָא

cog

גִּינְבְּרָא


tamo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric: Curcuma zedoaria”). Compare Kapampangan tamu and Balinese ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu).

inh

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual

zedoary; white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria, a type of plant with yellow root used for shaving)


פלפל

he-noun

פִּלְפְּלִים

פִּלְפֵּל • (pilpel) m (plural indefinite פִּלְפְּלִים, singular construct פִּלְפֵּל־, plural construct פִּלְפְּלֵי־)

פִּלְפֵּל (canonical)
pilpel (romanization)
פִּלְפְּלִים (indefinite plural)
פִּלְפֵּל־ (construct singular)
פִּלְפְּלֵי־ (construct plural)
פִּלְפֵּל (indefinite singular)
פִּלְפֵּלִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
פִּלְפֵּלֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַפִּלְפֵּל (definite singular)
פִּלְפֵּלְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
פִּלְפֵּלֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
פִּלְפֵּלְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
פִּלְפֵּלְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
פִּלְפֵּל־ (construct singular)
פִּלְפֵּלוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
פִּלְפֵּלָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
פִּלְפֵּלָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
פִּלְפֵּלָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
פִּלְפְּלִים (indefinite plural)
פלפליי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
פִּלְפְּלַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
פִּלְפְּלֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַפִּלְפְּלִים (definite plural)
פִּלְפְּלֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
פלפלייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
פִּלְפְּלַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
פִּלְפְּלֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
פִּלְפְּלֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
פִּלְפְּלֵי־ (construct plural)
פִּלְפְּלָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
פִּלְפְּלֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
פִּלְפְּלֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
פִּלְפְּלֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

he-decl

פִּלְפְּלִים

Root
 פ־ל־פ־ל (p-l-p-l)
From Persian پلپل (pelpel).


alcaravea

Borrowed from Arabic الكَرَاوِيَا (al-karāwiyā, “caraway”), via Andalusian Arabic.

bor+

الكَرَاوِيَا


pepa

Borrowed from English pepper, from Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from West Germanic *piper, from Latin piper, from an Indo-Aryan source.


safran

Crocus sativus
Crocus sativus#Translingual


safran

fro-noun

safran oblique singular, m (oblique plural safrans, nominative singular safrans, nominative plural safran)

safran oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
safrans (oblique plural)
safrans (nominative singular)
safran (nominative plural)

French: safran

Norman: safran

→ Breton: safron

→ Middle Dutch: saffraen, soffraen

Dutch: saffraan

Afrikaans: saffraan

desctree

→ Middle English: saffron
English: saffron
→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)
→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)
Scots: sefron

→ Middle High German: saffrān

German: Safran

Luxembourgish: safran

Yiddish: זאַפֿראַן (zafran)

From Medieval Latin safranum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).


safran

head

safran (definite accusative safranı, uncountable)

From Ottoman Turkish صفران (safran), from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).


چمن

Turkish: çemen

desc

→ Armenian: չա̈մա̈ն (čʻämän), չեմեն (čʻemen)

caraway, Carum carvi (plant, seed and paste made from seeds used to coat meat)

fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum (plant, leaves, seed and paste from it)


میخک

→ Armenian: մեխակ (mexak)

→ Azerbaijani: mixək

→ Georgian: მიხაკი (mixaḳi)

From میخ (mix, “nail”) + ـک (-ak, “diminutive suffix”).


tarçın

head

tarçın (definite accusative tarçını, plural tarçınlar)

tarçını (accusative definite)
tarçınlar (plural)
tarçın (nominative singular)
tarçınlar (nominative plural)
tarçını (accusative definite singular)
tarçınları (accusative definite plural)
tarçına (dative singular)
tarçınlara (dative plural)
tarçında (locative singular)
tarçınlarda (locative plural)
tarçından (ablative singular)
tarçınlardan (ablative plural)
tarçının (genitive singular)
tarçınların (genitive plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dóru
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru
Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v)der.
Old Chinese 秦 (*zin)der.?
Sanskrit चीन (cīna)der.
Classical Persian دَارْچِین (dārčīn)bor.
Ottoman Turkish دارچینbor.
Turkish tarçın
From Ottoman Turkish دارچین (tarçin, darçın), from Persian دارچین (dârčin).


ادویه

head

ادویه • (adviye) (plural ادویهجات (adviye-jât) or ادویهها (adviye-hâ))

adviye (romanization)
ادویهجات (plural)
ادویهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic أَدْوِيَة (ʔadwiya).


زردچوبه

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زردچوبه • (zardčube)

fa-noun

زردچوبه • (zardčube)

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰʊː.bǽ]

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰɵ.bǽ]

From زرد (zard, “yellow”) + چوبه (čube, “shaft, stalk”)


دارچین

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دارچین (darçîn)

ckb-noun

دارچین (darçîn)


دارچین

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دارچین • (darçın, tarçın)

ota-noun

دارچین • (darçın, tarçın)

darçın (romanization)
tarçın (romanization)

Turkish: tarçın

→ Albanian: darçin (regional)

→ Bulgarian: дарчи́н (darčín)

→ Macedonian: дарчин (darčin)

→ Serbo-Croatian: darčin / дарчин, tarčin / тарчин (regional)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dóru
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru
Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v)der.
Old Chinese 秦 (*zin)der.?
Sanskrit चीन (cīna)der.
Classical Persian دَارْچِین (dārčīn)bor.
Ottoman Turkish دارچین
Borrowed from Persian دارچین (dârčin, “cinnamon”), from Middle Persian *dār-i-čēnīk (literally “Chinese tree”).

der

cinnamon, a spice from the dried bark of several trees of the genus Cinnamomum