cover

en-noun

cover (countable and uncountable, plural covers)

→ Hijazi Arabic: كَڤَر (kavar)

→ Portuguese: cover

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Latin operiō
Latin cooperiō
Old French covrirbor.
Middle English coveren
English cover
From Middle English coveren, borrowed from Old French covrir, cueuvrir (modern French couvrir), from Late Latin coperire, from Latin cooperiō (“I cover completely”), from co- (intensive prefix) + operiō (“I close, cover”). Displaced native Middle English thecchen and bethecchen (“to cover”) (from Old English þeccan, beþeccan (“to cover”)), Middle English helen, (over)helen, (for)helen (“to cover, conceal”) (from Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”)), Middle English wrien, (be)wreon (“to cover”) (from Old English (be)wrēon (“to cover”)), Middle English hodren, hothren (“to cover up”) (from Low German hudren (“to cover up”)).
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the original sense of the verb and noun cover was “hide from view” as in its cognate covert. Except in the limited sense of “cover again”, the word recover is unrelated and is cognate with recuperate. Cognate with Spanish cubrir (“to cover”).

cog

throw nickels around like manhole covers

(insurance) An insurance contract; coverage by an insurance contract.


flat

en-adv

flat (comparative more flat, superlative most flat)

more flat (comparative)
most flat (superlative)

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

The bonds are trading flat.

(finance, slang) Without allowance for accrued interest.


fly

From Middle English flye, flie, from Old English flȳġe, flēoge (“a fly”), from Proto-Germanic *fleugǭ (“a fly”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”). Cognate with Scots flee, Saterland Frisian Fljooge, Dutch vlieg, German Low German Fleeg, German Fliege, Danish flue, Norwegian Bokmål flue, Norwegian Nynorsk fluge, Swedish fluga, Icelandic fluga.

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

(finance) A butterfly (combination of four options).


upside

(finance) An upward tendency, especially in a financial market etc.

noususuuntaus

an upward tendency, especially in a financial market etc


wedge

en-noun

wedge (countable and uncountable, plural wedges)

From Middle English wegge (“wedge”), from Old English weċġ (“wedge”), from Proto-West Germanic *wagi, from Proto-Germanic *wagjaz.

(finance) A market trend characterized by a contracting range in prices coupled with an upward trend in prices (a rising wedge) or a downward trend in prices (a falling wedge).


corporation

/ˈkɔːpəˈɹeɪʃən/

/ˌkɔɹpəˈɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English corporacion, corporation, from Late Latin corporatio (“assumption of a body”), from Latin corporatus, past participle of corporare (“to form into a body”); see corporate.
(protruding belly): Perhaps a play on the word corpulence.

der

That the young Mr. Churchills liked—but they did not like him coming round of an evening and drinking weak whisky-and-water while he held forth on railway debentures and corporation loans. Mr. Barrett, however, by fawning and flattery, seemed to be able to make not only Mrs. Churchill but everyone else do what he desired.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter II, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

A body corporate, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members.

акцыяне́рнае тавары́ства

company owned by shareholders — see also joint-stock company, public limited company

government-owned and controlled corporation

The municipal governing body of a borough or city.

(historical) In Fascist Italy, a joint association of employers' and workers' representatives.

[The Rector], looming large in full canonicals, walking, as became a beneficed priest, under the canopy of a shovel-hat, with the dignity of an ample corporation, the embellishment of the squarest and vastest of black coats, and the support of the stoutest of gold-headed canes.

1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter 5, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC:

'You'd be surprised,' said Stanley, as though this were intensely interesting, 'at the number of chaps at the club who have got a corporation.'

1918, Katherine Mansfield, ‘Prelude’, Selected Stories, Oxford World's Classics paperback 2002, page 91

He was a big chap with a corporation already, and a flat face rather like Dora's, and he had a thin black moustache.

1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York, published 2007, page 316:

The sergeant was a goner. There was only one way to save him, and he threw himself on top, hurling the man to the ground. He lay covering his corporation with as much as his body and limbs would allow.

2001, Jamie O’Neill, At Swim, Two Boys, London: Scribner, Part 2, Chapter 20, p. 620:

(slang, dated, humorous) A protruding belly.


long

en-adj

long (comparative longer or more long, superlative longest or most long)

longer (comparative)
more long (comparative)
longest (superlative)
most long (superlative)

low

antonym(s) of “having much distance from one point to another”

From Middle English long, lang, from Old English long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).
Cognate with Scots lang (“long”), North Frisian long, lung (“long”), Saterland Frisian loang (“long”), Norwegian, West Frisian, Dutch and German lang (“long”), Swedish lång (“long”), Icelandic langur (“long”), Portuguese longo (“long”), Spanish luengo (“long”), French long, Latin longus (“long”), Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj), до́лго (dólgo), Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”).
The word exceptionally retains the Old English darkening of -a- before nasals. Though there are other such examples in Middle and Modern English (e.g. bond, song, throng, wrong), the o-form may have been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.

ау

he who sups with the devil should have a long spoon

the candle that burns twice as bright burns half as long

I’m long in DuPont.

I have a long position in DuPont.

(finance) Possessing or owning stocks, bonds, commodities, or other financial instruments with the aim of benefiting from an expected rise in their value.

長倉

finance: possessing or owning financial instruments


long

Every uptick made the longs cheer.

(finance) An entity with a long position in an asset; for example, a trader or investor possessing an amount of a company's shares.

Likewise, if borrowers prefer to sell short-maturity issues at the time lenders prefer to invest in longs, as is the case when interest rates are expected to fall, longer maturity issues will tend to yield less than shorter maturity issues.

1977, Jerome B. Cohen, Edward D. Zinbarg, Arthur Zeikel, Guide to Intelligent Investing, →OCLC, page 203:

"U.S. Treasury Market Structure", https://www.mfaalts.org/issue/u-s-treasury-market-structure/
Hedge funds are constrained in how much leverage they can utilize, in part because the futures contracts they are shorting against their Treasury longs have significant initial margin requirements.

(finance) A long-maturity security, such as a ten- or twenty-year bond.


long

en-verb

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

longs (present singular third-person)
longing (participle present)
longed (participle past)
longed (past)

The left panel shows the profile of a portfolio consisting of longing a call and shorting a put.

2004, Thomas S. Y. Ho with Sang Bin Lee and Sang-bin Yi, The Oxford Guide to Financial Modeling, page 84:

(transitive, finance) To take a long position in.


asset

Back-formation from assets, from Anglo-Norman asetz, from Old French assez (“enough”). Compare Middle English asseth.

Coordinate term: liability

A thing or quality that has value, especially one that generates cash flows.

(accounting) Any item recorded on the left-hand side of a balance sheet.

actif

(accounting) any item recorded on the left-hand side of a balance sheet — see also liability


corporate

en-noun

corporate (countable and uncountable, plural corporates)

-ɔː(ɹ)pəɹeɪt

From Middle English corporat, corporate (a verb in the Middle English Dictionary but “this may be a true adjective” was added as a note), from Latin corporātus, past participle of corporāre (“to make into a body”), which in turn was formed from corpus (“body”). See also corpse.

So-called junk corporates and emerging-market debt remain generally out of favor.

2009 January 11, Robert D. Hershey Jr., “Look Past 2008 Stars for Gains in Bonds”, in New York Times:

(finance) A bond issued by a corporation.


withdrawal

withdrawal (countable and uncountable, plural withdrawals)

deposit

antonym(s) of “receiving from someone's care”

alcohol withdrawal syndrome
benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
withdrawal

/wɪðˈdɹɔː(ə)l/

/wɪθˈdɹɔː(ə)l/

/ˈwɪθˌdɹɔːl/

/wɪðˈdɹɔːɹəl/

/wɪθˈdɹɔːɹəl/

In view of the second aspect of its control function, the Federal Reserve Board prohibits, with specified limited exceptions, the wisthdrawal of securities from general accounts where such withdrawals would undermargin such accounts.

1973, American jurisprudence: a modern comprehensive text statement of American Law, State and Federal, Volume 69, page 852:

Receiving from someone's care what one has earlier entrusted to them. Usually refers to money.

onttrekking

receiving from someone's care what one has earlier entrusted to them

A method of birth control which consists of removing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

heroin withdrawal

nicotine withdrawal

caffeine withdrawal

A type of metabolic shock the body undergoes when a substance (such as a drug) on which a patient is dependent is withheld.

On withdrawal [from service], it was restored to its Caledonian blue livery, and is now preserved at St. Rollox.

1950 October, H. C. Casserley, “Locomotive Cavalcade, 1920-1950—4”, in Railway Magazine, page 658:

But in terms of the result, the performance and the management of the players' workloads, the match could not have gone much better for the hosts, save for Wes Burns' first-half withdrawal with what looked like a dislocated shoulder.

2023 October 11, Dafydd Pritchard, “Wales 4-0 Gibraltar”, in BBC Sport:

An act of withdrawing or a state of being withdrawn.


heavy

en-adj

heavy (comparative heavier, superlative heaviest)

heavier (comparative)
heaviest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hebi

From Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots hevy, havy, heavy (“heavy”), Dutch hevig (“violent, severe, intense, acute”), Middle Low German hēvich (“violent, fierce, intense”), German hebig (compare heftig (“fierce, severe, intense, violent, heavy”)), Icelandic höfugur (“heavy, weighty, important”), Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious, capable, apt”).

cog

The very low prices of brandy, and the continuance of a heavy market for such a length of time, have begun to attract buyers; […]

1819, The Scots Magazine, volumes 83-84, page 577:

The oil market is heavy, each day bringing along further supplies of shares from people who have not tired of the long-continued decline in the market.

1922, The Investor's Monthly Manual: A Newspaper for Investors, page 626:

(finance) Of a market: in which the price of shares is declining.


life

en-noun

life (usually uncountable, plural lives)

death

antonym(s) of “the state that precedes death”

From Middle English lyf, from Old English līf, from Proto-West Germanic *līb, from Proto-Germanic *lībą (“life, body”), from *lībaną (“to remain, stay, be left”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, glue”). Cognate with Scots life, leif (“life”), North Frisian liff (“life, limb, person, livelihood”), West Frisian liif (“belly, abdomen”), Dutch lijf (“body”), Low German lif (“body; life, life-force; waist”), German Leib (“body; womb”) and Leben (“life”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish liv (“life; waist”), Icelandic líf (“life”). Related to belive.

cog

живо́т m (živót) (archaic, poetic, now means "belly")

I work in life.

(uncountable, insurance) The life insurance industry.


revenue

en-noun

revenue (countable and uncountable, plural revenues)

Early Modern English
Shakespeare
revenue

Recorded in English from 1433, "income from property or possessions", from Middle French revenue, from Old French [Term?] (“a return”) (modern French revenu), the prop. feminine past participle of revenir (“come back”) (=modern French), from Latin revenire (“to return, come back”), from re- (“back”) + venire (“to come”).

(accounting) The net income from normal business operations; net sales.


commission

en-verb

commission (third-person singular simple present commissions, present participle commissioning, simple past and past participle commissioned)

commissions (present singular third-person)
commissioning (participle present)
commissioned (participle past)
commissioned (past)

From Middle English commissioun, from Old French commission, from Latin commissiō (“sending together; commission”), from prefix com- (“with”) + noun of action missiō (“sending”), from perfect passive participle missus (“sent”), from the verb mittō (“to send”) + noun of action suffix -iō.

der

The aircraft carrier was commissioned in 1944, during WWII.

The 1.7 mile-long conveyor system was commissioned in November 2022, and will remove one million lorry movements from the roads around West London.

2023 March 8, Chris Howe, “Building the platform for Old Oak Common's platforms”, in RAIL, number 978, page 60:

(transitive, especially of a ship or boat) To put into active service.


deposit

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin dē
Latin dē-
Proto-Italic *pozinō
Latin pōnō
Latin dēpōnō
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
Latin deposituslbor.
English deposit
Learned borrowing from Latin depositus, past participle of depono (“put down”). Doublet of depot.

etymon

(banking) Money placed in a bank account, as for safekeeping or to earn interest.

дэпазі́т

leaving goods in another's custody for safekeeping

They put down a deposit on the apartment.

(finance) A sum of money or other asset given as an initial payment, to show good faith, or to reserve something for purchase.


lift

en-verb

lift (third-person singular simple present lifts, present participle lifting, simple past lifted or (rare, regional, obsolete) lift, past participle lifted or (rare, regional, obsolete) lift or (obsolete) yleft)

lifts (present singular third-person)
lifting (participle present)
lifted (past)
lift (obsolete past rare regional)
lifted (participle past)
lift (obsolete participle past rare regional)
yleft (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz). Cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål løfte (“to lift”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish lyfta (“to lift”), German lüften (“to air, lift”), Old English lyft (“air”). See above. 1851 for the noun sense "a mechanical device for vertical transport".
(To steal): For this sense Cleasby suggests perhaps a relation to the root of Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus) "thief", cognate with Latin cleptus and Greek κλέπτω (kléptō)).

der

(finance) To buy a security or other asset previously offered for sale.


gain

Inherited from Middle French gain, from Old French gaaing, deverbal from the verb gaaignier (“to earn, gain, seize, conquer by force”) (whence Modern French gagner).


loan

From Middle English lone, lane, from Old Norse lán, from Proto-Germanic *laihną, from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave (over)”).
Cognate with Icelandic lán, Swedish lån, Danish lån, German Lehen (“fief”), Dutch leen (“fief”), West Frisian lien, North Frisian leen (“fief; loan; office”), Scots lane, lain, len, Old English lǣn. More at lend.

cog

Because of the loan that John made to me, I was able to pay my tuition for the upcoming semester.

(law, banking, finance) An act or instance of lending, an act or instance of granting something for temporary use.

All loans from the library, whether books or audio material, must be returned within two weeks.

He got a loan of five thousand pounds.

That the young Mr. Churchills liked—but they did not like him coming round of an evening and drinking weak whisky-and-water while he held forth on railway debentures and corporation loans. Mr. Barrett, however, by fawning and flattery, seemed to be able to make not only Mrs. Churchill but everyone else do what he desired.

(law, banking, finance) A sum of money or other property that a natural or legal person borrows from another with the condition that it be returned or repaid over time or at a later date (sometimes with interest).


run

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal part of a step”

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal distance of a set of stairs”

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen,
yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”) (compare also *rannijaną (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”).
Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), Alemannic German ränne (“to run”), German rennen (“to run, race”), rinnen (“to flow”), Rhein, Danish rende (“to run”), Swedish ränna (“to run”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

juoksu

point scored in baseball, cricket or similar games

Financial insecurity led to a run on the banks, as customers feared for the security of their savings.

(banking) A sudden series of demands on a bank or other financial institution, especially characterised by great withdrawals.

nostoryntäys

sudden series of demands on a financial institution


floor

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

non-rhotic, dough–door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English flor, flore, from Old English flōr (“floor, pavement, ground, bottom”), from Proto-West Germanic *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz (“flat surface, floor, plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros (“floor”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).
Cognate with Scots flure, fluir (“floor”), Saterland Frisian Floor (“floor”), West Frisian flier (“floor”), Dutch vloer (“floor”), German Low German Floor (“entry hall”), German Flur (“field, floor, entrance hall”), Swedish flor (“floor of a cow stall”), Irish urlár (“floor”), Scottish Gaelic làr (“floor, ground, earth”), Welsh llawr (“floor, ground”), Latin plānus (“level, flat”).

cog

(finance) A lower limit or minimum on a price or rate, a price floor. Opposite of a cap or ceiling.

lattia

finance: lower limit on the interest rate payable on an otherwise variable-rate loan


American

en-adj

American (comparative more American, superlative most American)

more American (comparative)
most American (superlative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *amalaz
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Celtic *rīxsbor.
Proto-Germanic *rīks
Proto-Germanic *Amalarīksder.
Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos
Proto-Indo-European *tḱóymos
Proto-Germanic *haimaz
Proto-Germanic *rīks
Proto-Germanic *Haimarīksder.?
Italian Amerigoder.
New Latin Americalbor.
English America
Middle English -n
English -n
English American
From America + -n. compare Latin americānus.

amerikan

of or pertaining to the U.S., its people or its culture — see also US-American

All of these trade on the Chicago Board Options Exchange. Most of the contracts are European. An exception is the OEX contract on the S&P 100, which is American.

2009, John C. Hull, Options, Futures, and other Derivatives (Seventh Edition), Pearson Education, page 182:

Multi-dimensional option pricing becomes an important topic in financial markets (Franker et al., 2008). Among which, the American-type derivative (e.g. the Bermudan option) pricing is a challenging problem.

2009, Shih-Feng Huang, Meihui Guo, Applied Quantitative Finance (Second Edition), Springer, page 295:

Based on the analyses throughout the case study, it is recommended that the use of a model that assumes an ESO is European style when, in fact, the option is American style with the other exotic variables should not be permitted, as this substantially overstates compensation expenses.

2010, Johnathan Mun, Modeling Risk + DVD: Applying Monte Carlo Risk Simulation, Strategic Real Options, Stochastic Forecasting, and Portfolio Optimization (Second Edition), John Wiley & Sons:

(finance, of an option, not comparable) Able to be exercised on any date between its issue and expiry.

amerikkalainen

finance: that can be exercised on any date between the issue date and the expiry date


short

en-adj

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

shorter (comparative)
shortest (superlative)

tall

antonym(s) of “having a small distance between ends or edges”

tall

antonym(s) of “of a person, of comparatively little height”

long

antonym(s) of “cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman”

long

antonym(s) of “financial position expecting falling value”

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognates
shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”) and Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

Coordinate term: long

short position

I'm short in General Motors because I think their sales are plunging.

(finance) Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.

lyhyt

being in a financial investment position to profit of falling prices

He pulled a cheque-book from his pocket, and drew for two hundred thousand pounds. “I'll take it short,” he said […]

1909, James Blyth, The member for Easterby, page 296:

(finance, dated) Of money: given in the fewest possible notes, i.e. those of the largest denomination.


short

We went short most finance companies in July.

(finance) With a negative ownership position.

lyhyt

finance: with a negative ownership position


short

→ Cantonese: short

→ Italian: short

→ Japanese: ショート (shōto)

→ Mandarin: 秀逗 (xiùdou)

→ Hakka: 秀逗 (sió-tò)

→ Maltese: xort

The market decline was terrible, but the shorts were buying champagne.

He closed out his short at a modest loss after three months.

(finance) A short sale or short position.


short

I don’t want to be short the market going into the weekend.

(finance) Having a negative position in.


butterfly

From Middle English buterflie, butturflye, boterflye, from Old English buterflēoge, equivalent to butter + fly. Cognate with Dutch botervlieg, German Butterfliege (“butterfly”). The name may have originally been applied to butterflies of a yellowish color, and/or reflected a belief that butterflies ate milk and butter (compare German Molkendieb (“butterfly”, literally “whey-thief”) and Low German Botterlicker (“butterfly”, literally “butter-licker”)), or that they excreted a butter-like substance (compare Dutch boterschijte (“butterfly”, literally “butter-shitter”)). Compare also German Schmetterling from Schmetten (“cream”), German Low German Bottervögel (“butterfly”, literally “butter-fowl”). More at butter, fly.
An alternate theory suggests that the first element may have originally been Old English butor- (“beater”), a mutation of bēatan (“to beat”), but this would not explain the cognates in other languages or the other names formed with milk products.
Superseded non-native Middle English papilion (“butterfly”) borrowed from Old French papillon (“butterfly”).

cog

(finance) A combination of four options of the same type at three strike prices giving limited profit and limited risk.

perhonen

finance: type of combination of four options


note

en-noun

note (countable and uncountable, plural notes)

From Middle English note, from Old English not, nōt (“note, mark, sign”) and Old French note (“letter, note”), both from Latin nota (“mark, sign, remark, note”).

a promissory note

a note of hand

a negotiable note

A written or printed communication or commitment.

(finance) A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising payment


借

Originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 借る (karu, “to borrow”), now also the 連用形 (ren'yōkei) of modern verb 借りる (kariru, “to borrow”).

(accounting, abbreviation) borrower, debtor: short for 借り方 (karikata)


hammer

en-verb

hammer (third-person singular simple present hammers, present participle hammering, simple past and past participle hammered)

hammers (present singular third-person)
hammering (participle present)
hammered (participle past)
hammered (past)

From Middle English hamer, from Old English hamor, from Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz (“tool with a stone head”) (compare West Frisian hammer, Low German Hamer, Dutch hamer, German Hammer, Danish hammer, Swedish hammare). This is traditionally ascribed to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), but see *hamaraz for further discussion.
(declare a defaulter on the stock exchange): Originally signalled by knocking with a wooden mallet.

sense

the nail that sticks out gets hammered down

(transitive, finance) To declare (a person) a defaulter on the stock exchange.

(transitive, finance) To beat down the price of (a stock), or depress (a market).


債

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).
Cognate with 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ, “to request; to hold responsible”) (Schuessler, 2007).


stop

en-verb

stop (third-person singular simple present stops, present participle stopping, simple past and past participle stopped)

stops (present singular third-person)
stopping (participle present)
stopped (participle past)
stopped (past)
stop (infinitive)

continue

antonym(s) of “to cause to cease moving”

continue

antonym(s) of “to cause to come to an end”

→ Finnish: stop

→ French: stop

→ Greek: στοπ (stop)

→ Hungarian: stop

→ Irish: stop

→ Italian: stop

→ Latvian: stop

→ Ottoman Turkish: استوپ (istop)

→ Polish: stop

→ Portuguese: stop

→ Russian: стоп (stop)

→ Spanish: stop

→ Welsh: stopio

→ Tok Pisin: stap

From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish stoppe (“to stop”), Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.
Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.

megakadályoz

to cause to cease progressing, to prevent

if you find yourself in a hole, the first thing to do is stop digging

It will be noted that the specialist would have refused to stop the stock for broker X if he (the specialist) had only one order to sell at 85.

1952, Charles Amos Dice, Wilford John Eiteman, The Stock Market, page 144:

(finance, transitive) To delay the purchase or sale of (a stock) while agreeing the price for later.


stop

(stock market) stop loss order (order to close one’s position if the market drops to a specified price level)


利

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (利):
* → Japanese: 利(り) (ri)
* → Korean: 리/이(利) (ri/i)
* → Vietnamese: lợi (利)

→ Vietnamese: lời

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 禾 (“grain”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to reap grain (禾) with a knife (刀).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ri:t (“to reap, scrape, shave, cut, sever”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007); cognate to Mizo rîit (“to scrap with a hoe”), Western Gurung [script needed] (wriqba, “to scratch”), Burmese ရိတ် (rit, “to cut, reap, mow shave”).

cog

高利貸

高利贷


pipe

English: pipe (see there for further descendants)

Scots: pipe

Yola: peeps (plural)

Inherited from Old English pīpe, from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā; reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa; some senses are from Old French pipe.

A record of a payment or audit acting as part of the Pipe Rolls.


元

⟨mo₂to₂⟩ → /moto/
From Old Japanese. Cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with Okinawan 元 (mutu).

2000円の元を取る


元

元 (canonical)
mutu (romanization)
mūtu (romanization)
むとぅむーとぅ (hiragana)

From Proto-Ryukyuan *moto, from Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with mainland Japanese 元 (moto).


押

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːb, *qraːb): semantic 扌 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).
Cognate with 壓 (OC *qreːb) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

(finance) to mortgage; to pledge; to pawn


handsel

(obsolete, finance) down payment, security


penalty

→ Gulf Arabic: بلنتي (balanti)

→ Portuguese: pênalti, penálti

→ Spanish: penalti

→ Swahili: penalti

(finance) A payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment.


churn

en-verb

churn (third-person singular simple present churns, present participle churning, simple past and past participle churned)

churns (present singular third-person)
churning (participle present)
churned (participle past)
churned (past)

Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.

der

(US, informal, finance, travel) To continually sign up for new credit cards in order to earn signup bonuses, airline miles, and other benefits.

(finance) To carry out wash sales in order to make the market appear more active than it really is.


歩

(finance) by extension of 分 (bu, literally “one-tenth”):

a percentage on interest; compare English commission

the lending and borrowing of interest itself


手

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (手):
* → Japanese: 手(しゅ) (shu)
* → Korean: 수(手) (su)
* → Vietnamese: thủ (手)

Characters in the same phonetic series (手) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – hand and fingers. The top stroke is the bent over middle finger, while the horizontal strokes are each two fingers. Compare 爪, 寸, 九, 又, and 彐 as a stylized hand.
Note that unlike the other hand/claw characters, 手 has consistently had five fingers: a mammalian/human hand, as opposed to the three digits often found in the others.
Compare also 止 (“foot”), derived from a footprint, originally composed of 3 toes and a sole.
STEDT compares this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(t)sjəw-k/ŋ (“wing; hand”) based on Karlgren's Archaic Chinese (Old Chinese) reconstruction *śi̯ôg, connecting it to Tibetan གཤོག (gshog, “wing”).
However, this comparison is not supported by more recent scholarship, in which the Old Chinese is reconstructed with an alveolar nasal (Unger, 1995; Zhengzhang, 1995; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Evidence for the nasal initial is given in Sagart (1999):
* 杻 (“handcuffs”) can be written as 杽, so 丑 (OC *ᵇhnruʔ) (with a nasal initial) and 手 seem to be interchangeable as phonetics.
* The ancient graph 丑 resembles the graph of 又 (“right hand”). 狃 (OC *ᵇnruʔ, “animal track; claw”) seems to be the modern specialized form of 丑, which has been borrowed to represent an earthly branch.
As done by Sagart (1999), Baxter and Sagart (2014) put 杻 (OC *n̥uʔ, “handcuffs”) and 狃 (OC *Cə.nuʔ, “animal track; claw”) into the same word family as 手 (OC *n̥uʔ). Zhengzhang (1995) suggests a connection to Burmese ညှိုး (hnyui:, “forefinger”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njuŋ ~ *s-m-juŋ ~ *s-m-juw (“finger”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) suggests a tone B endoactive derivation from 收 (OC *nhiu?, “to take; to gather”), literally “that which is doing the taking”.


ABM

en-noun

ABM (countable and uncountable, plural ABMs)

(banking, Canada) Initialism of automated bank machine.


ASP

average selling price
w:average selling price

(finance) Initialism of average selling price (or, more rarely, ‘average sale(s) price’.)


bullet

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

(banking, finance) A large scheduled repayment of the principal of a loan; a balloon payment.


盤

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːn): phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 皿.

Han compound

大盤

大盘

收盤價

收盘价

(finance, chiefly in compounds) financial market


EOD

(finance, law) Initialism of event of default.


股

Originally written 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”), according to 趙平安. Later the 夃 component came to be written 殳, and a 肉 component was added, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːʔ): semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”).
Shuowen incorrected considered it Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːʔ): semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 殳 (OC *djo, “action”) – the hips as an active part of the body.

Han compound

(finance) share; stock (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

Like foreclosure, an assignment for the benefit of creditors (ABC) is a creature of state law. ABCs have long been popular in a few states, most notably California and Illinois, but they are beginning to gain traction in other states as a less expensive alternative to bankruptcy.

2010, Pepper Hamilton, “Alternatives to bankruptcy”, in John Wm. Butler, Jr, editor, Navigating Today's Environment: The Directors' and Officers' Guide to Restructuring, Globe White Page Ltd, →ISBN, page 205:

w:assignment for the benefit of creditors

(law, finance) Initialism of assignment for the benefit of creditors.


ABC

Agricultural Bank of China
w:Agricultural Bank of China

(finance) Initialism of Agricultural Bank of China.


paper

paper (countable and uncountable, plural papers)

Tok Pisin: pepa
→ Rotokas: pepa

→ Dutch: paper

→ Eastern Arrernte: pipe

→ Esperanto: papero
Ido: papero

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Japanese: ペーパー (pēpā)

→ Malay: kertas (semantic loan)

→ Malayalam: പേപ്പർ (pēppaṟ)

→ Maori: pepa

→ Marshallese: peba

→ Mokilese: peipa

→ Niuean: pepa

→ Scottish Gaelic: pàipear

→ Southern Ndebele: iphepha

→ Spanish: paper

→ Swazi: líphepha

→ Xhosa: iphepha

→ Yoruba: bébà, pépà

→ Zulu: iphepha

From Middle English paper, from Anglo-Norman paper, from Old Catalan paper, borrowed from Latin papȳrus (and given the Catalan suffix -er), from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

Why might not a Government annuity, the Principal of which was originally invested in Paper since the Cash suspension in 1797, be constituted the guarantee of Paper Money, emendating from that investiture and suspension, and the Parliament authority transferred to its security, as it has been to its creation, in preference to all others, while Paper continues our general Medium.

1812, William Major, Theory of Money and Exchanges, page XV:

[…] three millions and a half specie in its vaults, and nearly six millions invested in paper, loans, discounts, pledges […]

1859, The Bankers' Magazine, and Statistical Register, page 244:

(finance, uncountable) Any financial assets other than specie.


paper

desctree

English: paper
Tok Pisin: pepa
→ Rotokas: pepa
→ Dutch: paper
→ Eastern Arrernte: pipe
→ Esperanto: papero
Ido: papero
→ Hawaiian: pepa
→ Japanese: ペーパー (pēpā)
→ Malay: kertas (semantic loan)
→ Malayalam: പേപ്പർ (pēppaṟ)
→ Maori: pepa
→ Marshallese: peba
→ Mokilese: peipa
→ Niuean: pepa
→ Scottish Gaelic: pàipear
→ Southern Ndebele: iphepha
→ Spanish: paper
→ Swazi: líphepha
→ Xhosa: iphepha
→ Yoruba: bébà, pépà
→ Zulu: iphepha

Scots: paper

→ Welsh: papur


w/o

(finance, insurance) Abbreviation of write off.


w/o

(finance, insurance) Abbreviation of write-off.


紅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) could be a variant of 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). May be related to 虹 (OC *kroːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, “rainbow”).
Originally referred to lighter shades of red; gradually replaced 赤 (chì, “red”) as the basic color term for "red".

Han compound

分紅／分红

(business, finance) bonus; extra dividend


kopa

-kopa (canonical)
kukopa (infinitive)
kukopa (infinitive)
kutokopa (infinitive negative)
kopa (imperative singular)
kopeni (imperative plural)
hukopa (habitual)
positive subject concord + -likopa (past)
negative subject concord + -kukopa (negative past)
ninakopa (first-person present singular)
nakopa (first-person present singular)
tunakopa (first-person plural present)
unakopa (present second-person singular)
mnakopa (plural present second-person)
anakopa (class-1 class-2 present singular third-person)
wanakopa (class-1 class-2 plural present third-person)
positive subject concord + -nakopa (present third-person)
sikopi (first-person negative present singular)
hatukopi (first-person negative plural present)
hukopi (negative present second-person singular)
hamkopi (negative plural present second-person)
hakopi (class-1 class-2 negative present singular third-person)
hawakopi (class-1 class-2 negative plural present third-person)
negative subject concord + -kopi (negative present third-person)
positive subject concord + -takopa (future)
negative subject concord + -takopa (future negative)
nikope (first-person singular subjunctive)
tukope (first-person plural subjunctive)
ukope (second-person singular subjunctive)
mkope (plural second-person subjunctive)
akope (class-1 class-2 singular subjunctive third-person)
wakope (class-1 class-2 plural subjunctive third-person)
positive subject concord + -kope (subjunctive third-person)
positive subject concord + -sikope (negative subjunctive)
positive subject concord + -ngekopa (irrealis present)
positive subject concord + -singekopa (irrealis negative present)
positive subject concord + -ngalikopa (irrealis past)
positive subject concord + -singalikopa (irrealis negative past)
nakopa (first-person gnomic singular)
twakopa (first-person gnomic plural)
wakopa (gnomic second-person singular)
mwakopa (gnomic plural second-person)
akopa (class-1 class-2 gnomic singular third-person)
wakopa (class-1 class-2 gnomic plural third-person)
wakopa (class-3 class-4 gnomic singular third-person)
yakopa (class-3 class-4 gnomic plural third-person)
lakopa (class-5 class-6 gnomic singular third-person)
yakopa (class-5 class-6 gnomic plural third-person)
chakopa (class-7 class-8 gnomic singular third-person)
vyakopa (class-7 class-8 gnomic plural third-person)
yakopa (class-10 class-9 gnomic singular third-person)
zakopa (class-10 class-9 gnomic plural third-person)
wakopa (class-11 gnomic singular third-person)
kwakopa (class-15 class-17 gnomic singular third-person)
pakopa (class-16 gnomic singular third-person)
mwakopa (class-18 gnomic singular third-person)
positive subject concord + -mekopa (perfect)
positive subject concord + -meshakopa (already-form)
negative subject concord + -jakopa (not-yet-form)
positive subject concord + -kikopa (if-when-form)
positive subject concord + -sipokopa (if-not-form)
positive subject concord + -kakope (consecutive subjunctive)
-nikopa (first-person indicative object-concord singular)
-tukopa (first-person indicative object-concord plural)
-kukopa (indicative object-concord second-person singular)
-wakopa (indicative object-concord plural second-person)
-kukopeni (indicative object-concord plural second-person)
-wakopeni (indicative object-concord plural second-person)
-mkopa (class-1 class-2 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-wakopa (class-1 class-2 indicative object-concord plural third-person)
-ukopa (class-3 class-4 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-ikopa (class-3 class-4 indicative object-concord plural third-person)
-likopa (class-5 class-6 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-yakopa (class-5 class-6 indicative object-concord plural third-person)
-kikopa (class-7 class-8 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-vikopa (class-7 class-8 indicative object-concord plural third-person)
-ikopa (class-10 class-9 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-zikopa (class-10 class-9 indicative object-concord plural third-person)
-ukopa (class-11 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-kukopa (class-15 class-17 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-pakopa (class-16 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-mukopa (class-18 indicative object-concord singular third-person)
-jikopa (indicative object-concord reflexive)
-kopaye (class-1 class-2 object-concord relative singular)
-kopao (class-1 class-2 object-concord plural relative)
-kopao (class-3 class-4 object-concord relative singular)
-kopayo (class-3 class-4 object-concord plural relative)
-kopalo (class-5 class-6 object-concord relative singular)
-kopayo (class-5 class-6 object-concord plural relative)
-kopacho (class-7 class-8 object-concord relative singular)
-kopavyo (class-7 class-8 object-concord plural relative)
-kopayo (class-10 class-9 object-concord relative singular)
-kopazo (class-10 class-9 object-concord plural relative)
-kopao (class-11 object-concord relative singular)
-kopako (class-15 class-17 object-concord relative singular)
-kopapo (class-16 object-concord relative singular)
-kopamo (class-18 object-concord relative singular)
-yekopa (class-1 class-2 object-concord relative singular)
-okopa (class-1 class-2 object-concord plural relative)
-okopa (class-3 class-4 object-concord relative singular)
-yokopa (class-3 class-4 object-concord plural relative)
-lokopa (class-5 class-6 object-concord relative singular)
-yokopa (class-5 class-6 object-concord plural relative)
-chokopa (class-7 class-8 object-concord relative singular)
-vyokopa (class-7 class-8 object-concord plural relative)
-yokopa (class-10 class-9 object-concord relative singular)
-zokopa (class-10 class-9 object-concord plural relative)
-okopa (class-11 object-concord relative singular)
-kokopa (class-15 class-17 object-concord relative singular)
-pokopa (class-16 object-concord relative singular)
-mokopa (class-18 object-concord relative singular)


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

Banks may offer premium rates on C.D.s to attract deposits, but once they get those deposits, they end the offers.

2023 April 21, Ann Carrns, “Rates on C.D.s Are Soaring, but the High Rates May Not Last”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

certificate of deposit
certificate of deposit#English

(finance) Abbreviation of certificate of deposit.


財

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlɯː): semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs). 才 is also a reference to one's abilities, hence intellectual resources; in this particular syllable, the abilities are probably thought as financial possibilities and resources.

Han compound

A nobleman makes fortune in a noble way.

君子愛財，取之有道。

君子爱财，取之有道。


Buch

de-noun

Buch n (strong, genitive Buches or Buchs, plural Bücher, diminutive Büchlein n or Büchelchen n)

Buches (genitive)
Buchs (genitive)
Bücher (plural)
Büchlein (diminutive neuter)
Büchelchen (diminutive neuter)
Buch (nominative singular)
Bücher (definite nominative plural)
Buches (genitive singular)
Buchs (genitive singular)
Bücher (definite genitive plural)
Buch (dative singular)
Buche (dative singular)
Büchern (dative definite plural)
Buch (accusative singular)
Bücher (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German buoch, from Old High German buoh, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Cognate with English book.

(accounting, usually in the plural) books (accounting records)


貸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯːɡs): semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs). The character originally conveyed the meaning of "to give" or "to bestow," and later came to be used with the meaning of "to lend."


epsilon

en-noun

epsilon (countable and uncountable, plural epsilons or epsila)

From Ancient Greek ἒ ψιλόν (è psilón, “simple Ε”).

uder

(finance) The percentage change in an option value with respect to the underlying dividend yield.


theta

→ Malay: teta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta).

(finance) The sensitivity of the value of a derivative with respect to time; the "time decay".


libro

Borrowed from Spanish libro with a shift of stress, from Latin librum (“book”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.


gamma

en-noun

gamma (countable and uncountable, plural gammas)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma). Doublet of gimel.

(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change in delta with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.


alpha

alpha (countable and uncountable, plural alphas)

From the Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), the first letter of the Greek alphabet, from the Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”). Doublet of alif and aleph.

Coordinate term: beta

Similarly, alphas are 2.33% larger than that of the equivalent monthly alphas using compounded returns while no changes can be found using arithmetic returns.

2001, Cheng-Few Lee, editor, Advances in Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, volume 8, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 174:

To investment professionals, “alpha” is the return over and above the market return. If in a given year the S. & P. 500 returns fifteen per cent and an equity-fund manager generates a return of twenty per cent, his alpha is five per cent.

2011 July 18, John Cassidy, “Mastering the Machine”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

(finance) The return of a given asset or portfolio adjusted for systematic risk.


order

order (countable and uncountable, plural orders)

→ Swahili: oda

From Middle English ordre, from Old French ordre, ordne, ordene (“order, rank”), from Latin ōrdinem, accusative of ōrdō (“row, rank, regular arrangement”, literally “row of threads in a loom”), from Proto-Italic *ordō (“to arrange”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-d-, from *h₂er-.
Related to Latin ōrdior (“begin”, literally “begin to weave”). In sense “request for purchase”, compare bespoke. Doublet of ordo.

cog

I then walked to Cochrane's & got an order on Sir Charles Asgill for my money.

1763, James Boswell, edited by Gordon Turnbull, London Journal 1762-1763, Penguin, published 2014, page 233:

(finance) A written direction to furnish someone with money or property; compare money order, postal order.


call

en-verb

call (third-person singular simple present calls, present participle calling, simple past and past participle called or (archaic) call'd)

calls (present singular third-person)
calling (participle present)
called (participle past)
called (past)
call'd (archaic participle past)
call'd (archaic past)
call (infinitive)

→ Kashubian: kolowac (United States)

From Middle English callen, from Old English ceallian (“to call, shout”) and Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”); both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”), from *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).
cognates
* Scots call
* caw, ca (“to call, cry, shout”)
* Dutch kallen (“to chat, talk”),
* German kallen (“to call”) obsolete
* Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)
* Norwegian kalle (“to call, name”)
* Danish kalde (“to call, name”)
* Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)
* Welsh galw (“to call, demand”)
* Polish głos (“voice”)
* Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”)
* Russian голос (golos, “voice”)
* Albanian gjuhë (“language, tongue”).

meegaan

to match or equal the amount of poker chips in the pot as the player that bet

call a spade a spade and a shovel a shovel

call someone everything but a child of God

desperate times call for desperate measures

(transitive, finance) To announce the early extinction of a debt by prepayment, usually at a premium.

(transitive, banking) To demand repayment of a loan.


call

en-noun

call (countable and uncountable, plural calls)

→ Armenian: քոլ (kʻol)

→ Georgian: ქოლი (koli)

the call is coming from inside the house

認購期權

finance: short for option to buy stock — see also call option

nákupní opce (právo nakoupit akcii za uvedenou cenu)


輪

Short for 窩輪／窝轮 (“warrant”), from English warrant.

(Cantonese, finance, in compounds) warrant


AAA

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is of the highest grade with minimal risk of default.


AAA

(finance) The highest credit rating given by debt analysis agencies such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and A.M. Best.


lambda

From Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda). Doublet of lamed.

(finance) The percentage change in an option value divided by the percentage change in the underlying asset's price.


lambda

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda).

bor+

(finance) price elasticity of an option in relation to that of its holder


CC

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is low grade with extremely high risk of default.


kappa

en-noun

kappa (countable and uncountable, plural kappas)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάππα (káppa), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *kapp- (“palm, hand”). Doublet of kaph.

lbor

(finance) A measurement of the sensitivity of the value of an option to changes in the implied volatility of the price of the underlying asset.


beta

en-noun

beta (countable and uncountable, plural betas)

From Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta). Doublet of beth.

An inspection of the results indicate that Property Trusts is the lowest risk industry with a long-run beta of 0.4520 while Gold is the highest risk industry with a long-run beta of 1.5229.

2001, Cheng-Few Lee, editor, Advances in Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, volume 8, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 143:

(finance) Average sensitivity of a security's price to overall securities market prices.


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

(finance) The rate of change in an option value with respect to the underlying asset's price.


FX

FX (canonical)
efu-ekkusu (romanization)

[e̞ɸɯ̟e̞k̚kɯ̟sɨ]

外国為替

外国為替 がいこくかわせ


rho

From the name of the Ancient Greek letter ῥῶ (rhô).

(finance) The sensitivity of the option value to the risk-free interest rate.


黒

⟨kuro₁⟩ → /kuro/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). In turn, from Proto-Japonic *kuro.
Via root morpheme *kur, cognates include:
* 涅 (kuri, “black mud from the bed of a body of water”)
* 暗 (kura, “darkness; deception”), 蔵, 倉, 庫 (kura, “[dark] storehouse”), and 暗い (kurai, “dark”)
* classical verb 暮る (kuru), modern 暮れる (kureru, “to become dark; to near the end [of a day, of a year, of a life”), and 暗れる, 眩れる (kureru, “to become depressed, to become dreary of mood”)
Possibly also cognate with Ainu kur (“shadow”) and Korean 구름 (gureum, “cloud”); compare also Japanese 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), Korean 검— (geom-, “black”), and Ainu kunne (“black; dark”).

align

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particularly grain that has rotted on the stalk

白黒

this and that, so-and-so, such-and-such: unspecified items brought up for criticism

白黒

black and white; monochrome; panic or startled state; confusion; sex show

暮れる

to become dark; to near the end (of a day, of a year, of a life)

晦ます

to conceal oneself, to abscond; to deceive, to fool

暮れ六つ

Edo-period term for a time of day, roughly 6 pm

(accounting) short for 黒字 (kuroji): black as an accounting term, indicating a profit


點

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ): semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots.

Han compound

(finance) point (in a stock market index)


omega

From Middle English, from Ancient Greek ὦ μέγα (ô méga), meaning “great ω” (omega is a long vowel in Ancient Greek).


limited liability company

en-noun

limited liability company (plural limited liability companies)

incorporated company
incorporated company

(law) A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares, and where the governing rules are set forth in a contract entered into by all of the initial shareholders. The name derives from the fact that regardless of potential losses or even bankruptcy of the corporation, individual shareholders will bear a maximum liability of the price they paid for their shares.

սահմանափակն պատասխանատվությամբ ընկերություն

besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid

有限責任会社

ゆうげんせきにんがいしゃ

óbščestvo s ograníčennoj otvétstvennostʹju

о́бщество с ограни́ченной отве́тственностью


account book

When a woman loves you she's not satisfied until she possesses your soul. [...] The soul of man wanders through the uttermost regions of the universe, and she seeks to imprison it in the circle of her account-book.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 41”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

(accounting) A book in which accounts are kept; ledger.


accreditare

it-verb

accreditàre (first-person singular present accrédito, first-person singular past historic accreditài, past participle accreditàto, auxiliary avére)

accreditàre (canonical)
accrédito (first-person present singular)
accreditài (first-person historic past singular)
accreditàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
accreditàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
accreditàndo (gerund)
accreditànte (participle present)
accreditàto (participle past)
accrédito (first-person indicative present singular)
accréditi (indicative present second-person singular)
accrédita (indicative present singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
accreditàte (indicative plural present second-person)
accréditano (indicative plural present third-person)
accreditàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accreditàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accreditàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accreditavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accreditavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accreditàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accreditài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accreditàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accreditò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accreditàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accreditàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accreditàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accrediterò (first-person future indicative singular)
accrediterài (future indicative second-person singular)
accrediterà (future indicative singular third-person)
accrediterémo (first-person future indicative plural)
accrediteréte (future indicative plural second-person)
accrediterànno (future indicative plural third-person)
accrediterèi (conditional first-person present singular)
accrediterésti (conditional present second-person singular)
accrediterèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
accrediterébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
accrediterémmo (conditional first-person plural present)
accrediteréste (conditional plural present second-person)
accrediterèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
accrediterébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
accréditi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accréditi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accréditi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accreditiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accréditino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accreditàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accreditàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accreditàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accreditàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accreditàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accreditàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accrédita (imperative second-person singular)
accréditi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
accreditàte (imperative plural second-person)
accréditino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
accreditàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
accréditi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
accreditàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
accréditino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)


profit

en-noun

profit (countable and uncountable, plural profits)

From Middle English profit, from Old French profit (Modern French profit), from Latin prōfectus (“advance, progress, growth, increase, profit”), from proficiō (“to go forward, advance, make progress, be profitable or useful”). Doublet of profect.

der

Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.

1750 Oct. 2, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler

War is a racket. It always has been. It is possibly the oldest, easily the most profitable, surely the most vicious. It is the only one international in scope. It is the only one in which the profits are reckoned in dollars and the losses in lives... Of course, it isn't put that crudely in war time. It is dressed into speeches about patriotism, love of country, and "we must all put our shoulders to the wheel," but the profits jump and leap and skyrocket—and are safely pocketed.

1935, Smedley Butler, War Is a Racket, page 1 & 7:

The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies. […] current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate […] “stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.

2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.

mənfəət

total income or cash flow minus expenditures


investor

→ German: Investor

→ Polish: inwestor

→ Russian: инве́стор (invéstor)

[…] (it was the town's humour to be always gassing of phantom investors who were likely to come any moment and pay a thousand prices for everything) — “[…] Them rich fellers, they don't make no bad breaks with their money. […]”

1899, Stephen Crane, chapter 1, in Twelve O'Clock:

Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an "explosion."

2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “After Fukushima, Japan beginning to see the light in solar energy”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:

A person who invests money in order to make a profit.


investor

investor (nominative singular)
investoři (nominative plural)
investora (genitive singular)
investorů (genitive plural)
investorovi (dative singular)
investoru (dative singular)
investorům (dative plural)
investora (accusative singular)
investory (accusative plural)
investore (singular vocative)
investoři (plural vocative)
investorovi (locative singular)
investoru (locative singular)
investorech (locative plural)
investorem (instrumental singular)
investory (instrumental plural)


crash

From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).

suffix

the stock market crash

(finance) A sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures).


nexus

en-noun

nexus (countable and uncountable, plural nexuses or nexusses or (rare) nexus)

nexuses (plural)
nexusses (plural)
nexus (plural rare)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-nexus.wav

From Latin nexus (“connection, nexus; act of binding, tying or fastening together; something which binds, binding, bond, fastening, joint; legal obligation”), from nectō (“to attach, bind, connect, fasten, tie; to interweave; to relate; to unite; to bind by obligation, make liable, oblige; to compose, contrive, devise, produce”) + -tus (suffix forming verbal nouns).

der

(Canada, US, finance, law) The relationship between a vendor and a jurisdiction for the purpose of taxation, established for example by the vendor operating a physical store in that jurisdiction.


cash

en-noun

cash (usually uncountable, plural cashes)

→ Georgian: ქეში (keši)

→ Japanese: キャッシュ (kyasshu)

→ Korean: 캐시 (kaesi)

→ Punjabi: ਕੈਸ਼ (kaiś)

→ Russian: кэш (kɛš)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ке̏ш

Latin script: kȅš

→ Swedish: cash

→ Wu: 開許／开许 (¹khe-shiu)

From late Middle French caisse (“money-box”), itself borrowed from Occitan caissa, from Latin capsa (“box”), ultimately from capiō (“take, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“grasp”). Doublet of case, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja (“box”).

Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries […].

2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68:

(uncountable, finance) Liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.


payroll

(accounting) The calculation of salaries and wages and the deduction of taxes etc.; the department in a company responsible for this.

счетоводство

calculation of salaries and wages, department that does this


lever

en-verb

lever (third-person singular simple present levers, present participle levering, simple past and past participle levered)

levers (present singular third-person)
levering (participle present)
levered (participle past)
levered (past)

From Middle English lever, levore, levour, from Old French leveor, leveur (“a lifter, lever (also Old French and French levier)”), from Latin levātor (“a lifter”), from levō (“to raise”). Doublet of levator.

"The equity holders want you to 'lever up,' use as much debt as you can," said David Stanley, chairman of Kansas City-based Payless Cashways,

1989 June 26, “Corporate America wants its privacy”, in Minneapolis Star-Tribune:

(chiefly UK, finance) To increase the share of debt in the capitalization of a business.


pyramid

pyramid (third-person singular simple present pyramids, present participle pyramiding, simple past and past participle pyramided)

pyramids (present singular third-person)
pyramiding (participle present)
pyramided (participle past)
pyramided (past)

From French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, pȳramidis, from Ancient Greek πῡραμίς (pūramís), possibly from πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”) + ἀμάω (amáō, “reap”) or from Egyptian pr-m-ws (“height of a pyramid”), from pr (“(one that) comes forth”) + m (“from”) + ws (“height”). Schenkel and K. Lang proposed hypothetical Coptic *ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲙ (*piram) or *ⲫⲣⲁⲙ (*phram) derived from Egyptian mr via metathesis as a source of πῡραμίς (pūramís) while Schenkel also suggested it being the source of Arabic هرم although the latter is considered far-fetched by Takacs.

der

Multiply this by the number of shares you traded, and add other positions if you pyramided.

2002, Alexander Elder, Come Into My Trading Room: A Complete Guide to Trading, page 152:


gear

en-verb

gear (third-person singular simple present gears, present participle gearing, simple past and past participle geared)

gears (present singular third-person)
gearing (participle present)
geared (participle past)
geared (past)

From Middle English gere, a borrowing from Old Norse gervi, from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”). See also adjective yare, yar from the same root via Old English.

der

(finance) To borrow money in order to invest it in assets.


Bermudan

Based on the geography of Bermuda, being somewhat European and somewhat American, but closer to American.

This chapter focuses on the pricing of various exotic interest rate derivatives including Bermudan swaptions, constant maturity swaps, trigger swaps, index amortizing swaps, and quantos.

2005, Justin London, Modeling Derivatives in C++, John Wiley & Sons, page 710:

A Bermudan callable has several call dates, usually coinciding with coupon dates.

2006, Business Knowledge for IT in Investment Banking: A complete handbook for IT Professionals (UK Edition), Essvale Corporation Limited, page 13

Multi-dimensional option pricing becomes an important topic in financial markets (Franker et al., 2008). Among which, the American-type derivative (e.g. the Bermudan option) pricing is a challenging problem.

2009, Shih-Feng Huang, Meihui Guo, Applied Quantitative Finance (Second Edition), Springer, page 295:

(finance, of an option) That can be exercised on specific dates between the issue date and the expiry date.


risk

en-noun

risk (countable and uncountable, plural risks)

From earlier risque, from Middle French risque, from Old Italian risco (“risk”) (modern Italian rischio) and rischiare (“to run into danger”). Displaced native Old English pleoh (“risk”) and plēon (“to risk”).
speculation on earlier roots
Most dictionaries consider the etymology of these Italian terms uncertain, but some suggest they perhaps come from Vulgar Latin *resecum (“that which cuts, rock, crag”) (> Medieval Latin resicu), from Latin resecō (“cut off, loose, curtail”, verb), in the sense of that which is a danger to boating or shipping; or from Ancient Greek ῥιζικόν (rhizikón, “root, radical, hazard”).
A few dictionaries express more certainty. Collins says the Italian risco comes from Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “cliff”) due to the hazards of sailing along rocky coasts. The American Heritage says it probably comes from Byzantine Greek ῥιζικό, ριζικό (rhizikó, rizikó, “sustenance obtained by a soldier through his own initiative, fortune”), from Arabic رِزْق (rizq, “sustenance, that which God allots”), from Classical Syriac ܪܘܙܝܩܐ ,ܪܙܩܐ (rezqā, rōzīqā, “daily ration”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōčig), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōč, “day”), from Old Persian [script needed] (*raučah-), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-.
Cognate with Spanish riesgo, Portuguese risco

der

ῥιζικό, ριζικό

ܪܘܙܝܩܐ ,ܪܙܩܐ

(countable) A possible adverse event or outcome.

(insurance) A type of adverse event covered under an insurance policy.

A good credit rating indicates the customer is a desirable risk.

(countable) A thing (from the perspective of how likely or unlikely it is to cause an adverse effect).

(banking, finance) A borrower (such as a mortgage-holder or person with a credit card).

Subprime mortgages are poor risks; especially for a pension scheme.

(finance) A financial product (typically an investment).

(insurance) An entity insured by an insurer.


share

→ Thai: แชร์ (chɛɛ)

From Middle English schare, schere, from Old English sċearu (“a cutting, shaving, a shearing, tonsure, part, division, share”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaru, from Proto-Germanic *skarō (“a division, detachment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian skar, sker (“a share in a communal pasture”), Dutch schare (“share in property”), German Schar (“band, troop, party, company”), Icelandic skor (“department”). Compare shard, shear. Doublet of eschel.

cog

financial instrument
financial instrument

(finance) A financial instrument that shows that one owns a part of a company that provides the benefit of limited liability.


share

(finance) share (financial instrument that shows that one owns a part of a company)


bang

en-verb

bang (third-person singular simple present bangs, present participle banging, simple past and past participle banged)

bangs (present singular third-person)
banging (participle present)
banged (participle past)
banged (past)
bang (infinitive)

From Middle English *bangen, from Old English *bangian or borrowed from Old Norse banga (“to pound, hammer”); both from Proto-Germanic *bangōną (“to beat, pound”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to beat, hit, injure”). Cognate with Scots bang, bung (“to strike, bang, hurl, thrash, offend”), Icelandic banga (“to pound, hammer”), Old Swedish bånga ("to hammer"; whence modern Swedish banka (“to knock, pound, bang”)), Danish banke (“to beat”), bengel (“club”), Low German bangen, bangeln (“to strike, beat”), West Frisian bingel, bongel, Dutch bengel (“bell; rascal”), German Bengel (“club”), bungen (“to throb, pulsate”).
In the sense of a fringe of hair, from bang off.
In the sense of abrupt left turn, from Boston left and associated risk of a crash.

gl

"to hammer"; whence modern Swedish <i class="Latn mention" lang="sv">banka</i> (“to knock, pound, bang”)

Audio (US)

This accompt has been made to appear a bull accompt, i.e. that the bulls cannot take their stock. The fact is the reverse; it is a bear accompt, but the bears, unable to deliver their stock, have conjointly banged the market, and pocketed the tickets, to defeat the rise and loss that would have ensued to them by their buying on a rising price on the accompt day […]

1821, Bank of England, The Bank - The Stock Exchange - The Bankers ..., page 64:

[…] the London "Bears" have promptly banged the market again […]

(finance, transitive, dated) To depress the prices in (a market).


wash

en-noun

wash (countable and uncountable, plural washes)

From Middle English wasshen, waschen, weschen, from Old English wascan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną, *watskaną (“to wash, get wet”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“wet; water”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian waaske (“to wash”), West Frisian waskje (“to wash”), Dutch wassen, wasschen (“to wash”), Low German waschen (“to wash”), German waschen (“to wash”), Danish vaske (“to wash”), Norwegian Bokmål vaske (“to wash”), Swedish vaska (“to wash”), Icelandic vaska (“to wash”).

der

(finance, slang) A fictitious kind of sale of stock or other securities between parties of one interest, or by a broker who is both buyer and seller, and who minds his own interest rather than that of his clients.


ERP

en-noun

ERP (countable and uncountable, plural ERPs)

equity risk premium
w:Equity risk premium

(finance) Initialism of equity risk premium.

(finance) Initialism of estimated retail price.


sunspot

(finance) A random shock in the foreign exchange currency market.


tau

Hospital Brothers of Saint Anthony
Trần Thanh Vân

From Middle English tau, taue, from Latin tau, from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû) and Hebrew תָּו (tav).
Sense 6 (“mathematical constant equal to 2π”) was used by Joseph M. Lindenberg in 1991, and popularized by the American educator and entrepreneur Michael Hartl in a 2010 paper which explains that τ resembles π; and that τ is the Greek equivalent of t, the first letter of turn, and 2π corresponds to one turn of a circle with a radius of one unit.
Sense 8.1 (“short for tau lepton or tau particle”) was coined by the American physicist Martin Lewis Perl (1927–2014) after the first letter of Ancient Greek τρίτον (tríton, “third”), since the tau lepton or tauon was the third charged lepton discovered.

sequence box

Ancient Greek Alphabet

<big>Τ τ </big>
Ancient Greek: ταῦ

croix en tau

Saint Anthony’s cross — see also Saint Anthony's cross

(finance) A measurement of the sensitivity of the value of an option to changes in the implied volatility of the price of the underlying asset.


tap

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

rubinet

hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid — see also faucet

bond tap    tap issue

(finance) A situation where a borrowing government authority issues bonds over a period of time, usually at a fixed price, with volumes sold on a particular day dependent on market conditions.


cheque

→ Albanian: çek

→ Amharic: ቼክ (ček)

→ Arabic: شِيك (šēk, šīk)

→ Gulf Arabic: چيك (cek)

→ Armenian: չեկ (čʻek)

→ Asturian: cheque

→ Azerbaijani: çek

→ Belarusian: чэк (ček)

→ Bengali: চেক (cek)

→ Breton: chekenn

→ Bulgarian: чек (ček)

→ Burmese: ချက် (hkyak)

→ Catalan: xec

→ Czech: šek

→ Danish: check

→ Dutch: cheque

→ Estonian: tšekk

→ Finnish: sekki, šekki, shekki

→ French: chèque

→ Galician: cheque

→ Georgian: ჩეკი (čeḳi)

→ German: Scheck

→ Hebrew: צֵ׳ק (chéq), שֵׁיְק (shéq)

→ Hindi: चेक (cek)

→ Hungarian: csekk

→ Icelandic: tékki

→ Irish: seic

→ Kazakh: чек (çek)

→ Kyrgyz: чек (cek)

→ Lao: ເຊັກ (sek)

→ Latvian: čeks

→ Lithuanian: čekis

→ Macedonian: чек (ček)

→ Malay: cek

Indonesian: cek

→ Marathi: चेक (cek)

→ Mongolian: чек (ček)

→ Norman: chèque

→ Northern Kurdish: çek

→ Norwegian: sjekk

→ Occitan: chèc

→ Persian: چک (ček)

→ Polish: czek

→ Portuguese: cheque

→ Romanian: cec

→ Russian: чек (ček)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чек

Latin script: ček

→ Slovak: šek

→ Slovene: ček

→ Spanish: cheque

→ Swahili: cheki

→ Swedish: check

→ Tajik: чек (ček)

→ Telugu: చెక్కు (cekku)

→ Thai: เช็ค (chék)

→ Turkish: çek

→ Turkmen: çek

→ Ukrainian: чек (ček)

→ Urdu: چیک (cek)

→ Uzbek: chek

→ Vietnamese: séc

→ Welsh: siec

A variant of check influenced in spelling by exchequer.

I was not carrying cash, so I wrote a cheque for the amount.

They do not, however, all deal with the same banker, and when A gives a cheque to B, B usually pays it not into the same but into some other bank.

1848, John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy, published 1920, page 62:

1999, Sam Seunarine, Office Procedures for the Caribbean, 2nd edition, reprinted 2001, page 126,
Sometimes abbreviations are used (which would be explained on the statement) and only the last three figures of the cheque number may be given. ‘Sundries’ are cash or cheques paid into the account.

You can avoid dealing with paper cheques — written or printed — by paying your bills online.

2007, Eric Tyson, Tony Martin, Personal Finance for Canadians for Dummies:

2009, R. Rajesh, T. Sivagnanasithi, Banking Theory Law & Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, page 206,
The daily cheque clearings began around 1770 when bank clerks met at the Five Bells (a tavern in Lombard Street in the City of London) to exchange all their cheques in one place and settle the balances in cash.

(UK, Commonwealth, Ireland) A draft directing a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.

tjek

a note promising to pay money to a named person or entity


cheque

cheque (a note promising to pay money to a named person or entity)


cheque

nl-noun

cheque m (plural cheques, diminutive chequeje n)

cheques (plural)
chequeje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: tyèk

→ Caribbean Javanese: tyèg

Borrowed from English cheque, from Middle English chek, borrowed from Old French eschec, from Medieval Latin scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh), borrowed from Persian شاه (šâh, “king”).

check, cheque (a note promising to pay money to a named person or entity)


cheque

Borrowed from English cheque, from Old French eschec, from Medieval Latin scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh), from Persian شاه (šâh, “king”), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāh), from Old Persian 𐏋 (xšāyaθiya, “king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ksayati (“he rules, he has power over”), from Proto-Indo-European *tke- (“to gain power over, gain control over”). Doublet of xeque and xaque.


cheque

Borrowed from English cheque. Doublet of jaque.


chi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支 (“branch; to spend”).


turn

→ Japanese: ターン (tān)

Partly from Anglo-Norman *torn, from Latin turnus, from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos), and partly an action noun from the verb turn.

պտույտ

movement about an axis ending up with the same orientation

360° turn

movement about an axis returning to the original orientation

the first turn of the screw pays all debts

There are usually at least two jobbers who specialise in the leading stocks, and this acts to keep the jobber's turn to a reasonable amount […]

1977, Michael Arthur Firth, Valuation of Shares and the Efficient-markets Theory, page 11:

(UK, finance, historical) The profit made by a stockjobber, being the difference between the buying and selling prices.

siivu

finance: profit made by a stockjobber, difference between the buying and selling prices


accounting cost

en-noun

accounting cost (plural accounting costs)

(economics) The total amount of money or goods expended in an endeavor, in which it is paid out at some time and recorded in journal entries and ledgers.


evergreen

en-verb

evergreen (third-person singular simple present evergreens, present participle evergreening, simple past and past participle evergreened)

evergreens (present singular third-person)
evergreening (participle present)
evergreened (participle past)
evergreened (past)

(banking) To set the repayment rate of a loan at or below the interest rate, so low that the principal will never be repaid.


carry

From Middle English carrien, from Anglo-Norman carier (modern French charrier); from a derivative of Latin carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”), ultimately of Gaulish origin.

der

The carry on this trade is 25 basis points per annum.

(finance) The benefit or cost of owning an asset over time.


focus

en-verb

focus (third-person singular simple present focuses or focusses, present participle focusing or focussing, simple past and past participle focused or focussed)

focuses (present singular third-person)
focusses (present singular third-person)
focusing (participle present)
focussing (participle present)
focused (participle past)
focused (past)
focussed (participle past)
focussed (past)

Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Doublet of fuel.
Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) :
"One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points."

bor+

Whole pages of it are filled with masses of figures, generally single numbers added up in batches, and then the totals added in batches again, as though he were "focusing" some account, as the auditors put it.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 67:

(accounting, formerly) To aggregate figures of accounts.


derogatory

/dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/

/dɪˈɹɑɡətɔɹi/

Borrowed from Late Latin dērogātōrius, from Latin dērogāre; corresponding to derogate + -ory.

(business, finance) A tradeline on a credit report that indicates negative credit history.


exotic

en-adj

exotic (comparative more exotic, superlative most exotic)

more exotic (comparative)
most exotic (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French exotique, from Latin exōticus, from Ancient Greek ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”, literally “from the outside”), from ἐξω- (exō-, “outside”), from ἐξ (ex, “out of”).

مجلوب

foreign, with the connotation of excitingly foreign

(finance) Being or relating to an option with features that make it more complex than commonly traded options.


naked

en-adj

naked (comparative more naked, superlative most naked)

more naked (comparative)
most naked (superlative)

From Middle English naked, from Old English nacod, from Proto-West Germanic *nak(k)wad, from Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked”).

a naked put; a naked call

(finance, of a derivative contract) Where the writer (seller) does not own the underlying asset to cover the contract.


unicorn

From Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”). Other senses from either rarity (e.g., possessing multiple skills) or by physical resemblance to having a horn (e.g., howitzer). The finance sense was coined by American investor Aileen Lee and first used in a 2013 article.

Coordinate term: decacorn

As the price of Web hosting plummeted and PCs and cell phones proliferated, college and grad-school dropouts like Mark Zuckerberg or Larry Page and Sergey Brin could suddenly conjure unicorns on their laptops.

2016 October 3, Tad Friend, “Sam Altman’s Manifest Destiny”, in The New Yorker:

In May 2016, out of 163 global unicorns, China had 31, with a total valuation of $154 billion or about 26 percent of global unicorn valuation.

2017, Pongsak Hoontrakul, Economic Transformation and Business Opportunities in Asia, Springer, →ISBN, page 273:

en:someone or something rare and hard to find

Someone or something that is rare and hard to find.

(finance) A startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO.


unicorn

en-verb

unicorn (third-person singular simple present unicorns, present participle unicorning, simple past and past participle unicorned)

unicorns (present singular third-person)
unicorning (participle present)
unicorned (participle past)
unicorned (past)

Since Waze, Soluto and Onavo, both Israeli startups, have had great exits in consumer tech, and Wix “unicorned” through its IPO.

2014 November 3, Itay Hod, “The Airbnb of Home-Cooked Meals”, in Daily Beast:

For eager investors looking to score in a future IPO, the eight still-private martech unicorns might be tempting. That list includes Domo, Slack, Sprinklr, Shopify, and EventBrite, all of which have “unicorned,” or surpassed the billion-dollar valuation mark, in the past year or two.

2015 April 30, John Koetsier, “29 martech unicorns: There are now almost 30 $1B+ marketing technology vendors”, in Venture Beat:

For instance, at the same time as Intercom was announcing its unicorning moment, a young Dublin tech company called Let's Get Checked (letsgetchecked.com) raised €10m in a funding round.

2018 April 1, Adrian Weckler, “Admit it: Irish tech is on the up”, in The Independent:

(finance) To exceed a valuation of one billion U.S. dollars, while solely backed by venture capitalists.


buck

From Middle English bukke, bucke, buc, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Doublet of puck (billy goat).
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).
The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (“sawhorse”) as in zaagbok (“sawbuck”).
The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.

A unit of a particular currency
(finance) One million dollars.

A unit of a particular currency
One million dollars.


underwater

en-adj

underwater (comparative more underwater, superlative most underwater)

more underwater (comparative)
most underwater (superlative)

/ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/

We've been underwater on our mortgage ever since the housing crash.

You're underwater. The best thing you can do is just walk away. Let the bank take it back.

2013 May 13, Underwater (Bates Motel), episode 9 (Television), spoken by Matt Bronstein (Matthew MacCaull), via A&E:

(finance) Having negative equity; owing more on an asset than its market value.

(finance) Of an option, having a strike price higher (call options) or lower (put options) than the current market price of the underlying asset or financial product; for example, an option to buy shares at $20 when the current market price is $15.


local

From Middle English local, from Late Latin locālis (“belonging to a place”), possibly also via Old French local; ultimately from Latin locus (“a place”).
The ring-theoretic senses derive from Krull, who first referred to Noetherian commutative rings with a unique maximal ideal as "Stellenring" (Stellen (“place”) + ring) in 1938. The term was inspired by algebraic geometry, where local rings encode information about the behavior of curves (surfaces, etc.) at points; hence, describe "local" behavior.

der

On most futures exchanges, there are two major types of futures traders/members: commission brokers and locals.

2009, R. Stafford Johnson, Bond Evaluation, Selection, and Management, page 316:

(finance) An independent trader who acts for themselves rather than on behalf of investors.


ATM

en-noun

ATM (countable and uncountable, plural ATMs)

automated teller machine
automated teller machine#English

automatic teller machine
automatic teller machine#English

(banking) Initialism of automated teller machine or initialism of automatic teller machine.

現金自動預払機

げんきんじどうあずけばらいき

自動現金預払機

じどうげんきんよはらいき


ATM

id-noun

ATM (first-person possessive ATMku, second-person possessive ATMmu, third-person possessive ATMnya)

ATMku (first-person possessive)
ATMmu (possessive second-person)
ATMnya (possessive third-person)

anjungan tunai mandiri
anjungan tunai mandiri#Indonesian

automated teller machine
automated teller machine

(banking) Initialism of anjungan tunai mandiri (“automated teller machine”).


peg

From Middle English pegge, from Middle Dutch pegge (“pin, peg”), from Old Dutch *pigg-, *pegg-, from Proto-Germanic *pig-, *pag- (“peg, stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“club, pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Dutch dialectal peg (“pin”), Low German pig, pigge (“peg, stick with a point”), Low German pegel (“post, stake”), Swedish pigg (“tooth, spike”), Danish pig (“spike”), Norwegian Bokmål pigg (“spike”), Irish bac (“stick, crook”), Latin baculum (“staff”), Latvian bakstît (“to poke”), Ancient Greek βάκτρον (báktron, “staff, walking stick”). Related to beak.
This is one of the very few English words that begin with a p and come from Proto-Germanic. Proto-Germanic *p, when not in a consonant cluster beginning with *s, developed by Grimm's law from the Proto-Indo-European consonant *b, which was very rare.
(To indicate or ascribe an attribute to):: Assumed to originate from the use of pegs or pins as markers on a bulletin board or a list.

sense

The following became obvious quite quickly – the cryptosphere needed a nonvolatile peg.

2022, Simon Dingle, Steven Boykey Sidley, chapter 7, in Beyond Bitcoin, Icon Books, →ISBN:

(finance) A fixed exchange rate, where a currency's value is matched to the value of another currency or measure such as gold.


per

Laskumme 1 000 e per 15.6.

Our invoice for Eur 1,000 due on 15 June

Tilin saldo per 31.12.

(business, accounting) per (indicating date, due date, date of maturity, etc.)


credit

en-verb

credit (third-person singular simple present credits, present participle crediting, simple past and past participle credited)

credits (present singular third-person)
crediting (participle present)
credited (participle past)
credited (past)
credit (infinitive)

Borrowed from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”), from Latin crēditum (“a loan, credit”), neuter of crēditus, past participle of crēdere (“to believe”). The verb is from the noun. Doublet of shraddha, creed.

Credit accounts receivable with the amount of the invoice.

For the payroll period credit employees' tips to their wages paid account and debit their minimum wage payable account.

The full amount of the purchase has been credited to your account.

(transitive, accounting) To add to an account.


credit

en-noun

credit (countable and uncountable, plural credits)

In view of your payment record, we are happy to extend further credit to you.

(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.

(accounting) An addition to certain accounts; the side of an account on which payments received are entered.


movimento

From mover + -imento, perhaps based partly on Medieval Latin mōvimentum, from Latin moveō, from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”).


bon

ms-noun

bon (Jawi spelling بون, plural bon-bon, informal 1st possessive bonku, 2nd possessive bonmu, 3rd possessive bonnya)

بون (Jawi)
bon-bon (plural)
bonku (first-person informal possessive)
bonmu (possessive second-person)
bonnya (possessive third-person)

(finance) bond: documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract.


duration

en-noun

duration (countable and uncountable, plural durations)

/djʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/

/dʒʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/

/djəˈɹeɪʃn̩/

From Middle English duracioun, from late Old French duracion, from Medieval Latin dūrātiō.

(finance) A measure of the sensitivity of the price of a financial asset to changes in interest rates, computed for a simple bond as a weighted average of the maturities of the interest and principal payments associated with it.


lamb

lamb (countable and uncountable, plural lambs or (both dialectal) lamber or lambren)

lambs (plural)
lamber (dialectal plural)
lambren (dialectal plural)

From Middle English lamb, from Old English lamb, from Proto-West Germanic *lamb, from Proto-Germanic *lambaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁l̥h₁onbʰos, enlargement of *h₁elh₁én, ultimately from *h₁el-.
See also Dutch lam, German Lamm, Bavarian Lamperl, Danish lam, Swedish lamm, Finnish lammas, Scottish Gaelic lon (“elk”), Ancient Greek ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”). More at elk.

cog

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb

(finance, slang) One who ignorantly speculates on the stock exchange and is victimized.


actual

en-noun

actual (countable and uncountable, plural actuals)

From Middle English actual, actuel (“active”), from Anglo-Norman actuel, actual, and its source Late Latin actuālis (“active, practical”), from Latin actus (“act, action, performance”), from agere (“to do; to act”) + -alis (“-al”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ-.

der

(finance) something actually received; real receipts, as distinct from estimated ones.


red herring

en-noun

red herring (plural red herrings or red herring)

red herrings (plural)
red herring (plural)

One possible origin of the idiom was that red herring were used to train dogs to track scents. This was true, but the modern meaning of a false trail may have been popularised in a news story by English journalist William Cobbett, c. 1805, in which he claimed that as a boy he used a red herring (a cured and salted herring) to mislead hounds following a trail; the story served as an extended metaphor for the London press, which had earned Cobbett's ire by publishing false news accounts regarding Napoleon. The OED has another possible earlier origin in the legacy of clergyman Jasper Mayne in 1672 when he misled a servant by leaving him "Somewhat that would make him Drink after his Death" in a large trunk. When the trunk was opened, the contents were found to be red herring.
(soldier): An allusion to soldiers' red uniforms; soldier is, reciprocally, a slang term for the fish.

neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring

red herring prospectus
red herring prospectus


amends

From French amendes, plural of amende. Compare with amende.

Amends were made for the damage and no charges were filed.

As to you, Mr. Carruthers, I think that you have done what you could to make amends for your share in an evil plot.

1903 December 26, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC:

Compensation for an injury or loss; recompense; reparation.


aggressive

en-adj

aggressive (comparative more aggressive, superlative most aggressive)

more aggressive (comparative)
most aggressive (superlative)

From aggress + -ive. Compare with French agressif.

rīrā

Spreading rapidly of a disease or tumour

an aggressive stock; an aggressive portfolio

(finance) Involving high risk for potentially high reward.


stuffing

en-noun

stuffing (countable and uncountable, plural stuffings)

(US, finance, law) A tax loophole whereby a corporation acquires property that will result in a loss of revenue, purely in order to reduce its tax liability.


rédemption

Learned borrowing from Latin redemptiōnem. Doublet of rançon.


spot

→ Catalan: espot

From Middle English spot, spotte, partially from Middle Dutch spotte (“spot, speck”), and partially merging with Middle English splot, from Old English splott (“spot, plot of land”), from Proto-West Germanic *splott, from Proto-Germanic *spluttaz (“segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *splt-no- (“an off-split, segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”). Cognate with North Frisian spot (“speck, piece of ground”), Low German spot (“speck”), Old Norse spotti (“small piece”). See also splot, splotch.

cog

Twelve spot two five pounds sterling. ― £12.25


spot

spot wheat

spot cash

a spot contract

(commerce, finance) Available on the spot; for immediate payment or delivery.


conventional

(finance) A conventional gilt-edged security, a kind of bond paying the holder a fixed cash payment (or coupon) every six months until maturity, at which point the holder receives the final payment and the return of the principal.


stale

en-adj

stale (comparative staler, superlative stalest)

staler (comparative)
stalest (superlative)

From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.

Stale cheque,...a cheque which has remained unpaid for some considerable time.

1901, Business Terms & Phrases, second edition, 199:

(finance) Out of date, unpaid for an unreasonable amount of time, particularly in reference to checks.


walk

From Middle English walk, walke, walc, from Old English *wealc (as in Old English wealcspinl) and ġewealc (“a rolling motion, attack”), from Proto-Germanic *walką. Cognate with Icelandic válk (“a rolling around, a tossing to and fro, trouble, distress”).

cog

(UK, finance, slang, dated) A cheque drawn on a bank that was not a member of the London Clearing and whose sort code was allocated on a one-off basis; they had to be "walked" (hand-delivered by messengers).


AFC

(finance) Initialism of additional finance charges.