zero

Borrowed from French zéro, from Italian zero, from Medieval Latin zephirum, from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “nothing, cipher”). Doublet of cifra.

(mathematics) zero (value of a function’s independent variables when the value of the function is zero)


thirty

From Middle English thirty, metathetic alternant of Middle English thriti, þrittiȝ, from Old English þrītiġ (“thirty”), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz tigiwiz (“thirty”, literally “three tens”), equivalent to three + -ty. Cognate with Scots therty, tretty (“thirty”), West Frisian tritich (“thirty”), Dutch dertig (“thirty”), German dreißig (“thirty”).

inh

For quotations using this term, see Citations:thirty.

The cardinal number occurring after twenty-nine and before thirty-one, represented in Arabic numerals as 30.


o

The ordinal number fifteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.


quadrilateral

Learned borrowing from Latin quadrilaterus.

lbor

The Venetian quadrilateral comprised Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and Legnano.

An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other.


fifteen

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fiftene, from Old English fīftīene, fīftēne, from Proto-Germanic *fimftehun. Cognate with West Frisian fyftjin, Dutch vijftien, German fünfzehn, Danish femten. Equivalent to five + -teen.

The cardinal number occurring after fourteen (14) and before sixteen (16).


wiki

From Proto-Tocharian *w'īkän, from Proto-Indo-European *(d)wi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (cognate with Latin vīgintī, Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi), Doric ϝείκατι (weíkati), Sanskrit विंशति (viṃśati), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīsaⁱti), Ossetian инсӕй (insæj), Armenian քսան (kʻsan), Albanian (një)zet, Welsh ugain). Compare Tocharian B ikäṃ.


i

head

i (lower case Roman numeral, upper case I)

Lower case form of upper case Roman numeral I, apparently derived from the shape of a notch scored across a tally stick.


i

The ordinal number ninth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.


one

Bahamian Creole: wan

Belizean Creole: wan

Bislama: wan

Gullah: one

Jamaican Creole: wan

Nigerian Pidgin: wọ́n, wọn

Sranan Tongo: wan

Tok Pisin: wan

→ Atong (India): wan

→ Fanagalo: wan

From Middle English oon, on, oan, an, from Old English ān (“one”), from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“single, one”).
Cognate with Scots ae, ane, wan, yin (“one”); North Frisian ån (“one”); Saterland Frisian aan (“one”); West Frisian ien (“one”); Dutch een, één (“one”); German Low German een; German ein, eins (“one”); Danish en (“one”); Swedish en (“one”); Norwegian Nynorsk ein (“one”), Icelandic einn (“one”); Latin ūnus (“one”) (Old Latin oinos); Russian оди́н (odín), Spanish uno. Doublet of a, an, and Uno.
Use as indefinite personal pronoun influenced by unrelated French on.
Verb form from Middle English onen.

inh

see for numerical forms in other scripts

In some religions, there is only one god.

In many cultures, a baby turns one year old a year after its birth.

One person, one vote.

One is the loneliest number that you'll ever do / Two can be as bad as one / It's the loneliest number since the number one

1968, Harry Nilsson (lyrics and music), “One”, in Aerial Ballet

The number represented by the Arabic numeral 1; the numerical value equal to that cardinal number.

(Chenega, Nanwalek, Port Graham) all'inguq


one

The ophthalmic surgeon attends Tuesdays and Saturdays, at half-past one.

1853 September 17, “Metropolitan Hospitals & Medical Schools”, in The Lancet, volume 62, number 1568, →DOI, page 268

(by ellipsis) Used to briefly refer to a noun phrase understood by context


one

One day the prince set forth to kill the dragon that had brought terror to his father’s kingdom for centuries.


twenty

Tok Pisin: twenti

From Middle English twenty, twenti, from Old English twēntiġ (“twenty”, literally “two tens”), from Proto-Germanic *twaintigiwiz, *twai tigiwiz, an old compound of *twain- (“two”) + *-tigaz (“group of ten”), equivalent to two + -ty, or twain + -ty. Cognate with Scots twenty, tuenty (“twenty”), West Frisian tweintich (“twenty”), Dutch twintig (“twenty”), German zwanzig (“twenty”), Danish tyve.

compound

The cardinal number 20, occurring after nineteen and before twenty-one.


twenty

English: twenty
Tok Pisin: twenti

Scots: twinty, twenty, tuenty

Yola: dwanty

From Old English twēntiġ, from Proto-Germanic *twai tigiwiz; equivalent to twei + -ty.

At nyght was come into that hostelrye

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, lines 23–24

There came at nightfall to that hostelry
Some nine and twenty in a company


TLA

en-noun

TLA (countable and uncountable, plural TLAs)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) Initialism of trilaurylamine.


quadruple

quarter

divided into four; one of four equal parts

From Middle English quadruple, from Latin quadruplus. Can be analyzed as quadri- + -ple.

He's quite an athlete and can do quadruple jumps with ease.

Being four times as long, as big or as many of something.

четворен

being four times as long, as big or as many of something


quadruple

en-verb

quadruple (third-person singular simple present quadruples, present participle quadrupling, simple past and past participle quadrupled)

quadruples (present singular third-person)
quadrupling (participle present)
quadrupled (participle past)
quadrupled (past)

Quadrupling four gives sixteen.

Our profits quadrupled when we made the improvements.

(intransitive) To increase by a factor of four.

चौगुना

(intransitive) to increase by a factor of four

On June 8, 1872, the London & North Western Railway obtained powers to quadruple its main line, and a new tunnel was bored for the up and down slow lines.

1950 September, “Network News: Watford Tunnel, L.M.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 641

Quadrupling the short remaining stretch of three-track railway north of Rugby, left over by the turn of the century modernisation, is a possibility that could be pursued.

2019 October, “Railtalk: HS2 delay - time for lateral thinking”, in Modern Railways, page 7

A long-term aspiration is to quadruple the cross-country route between Peterborough and Werrington Junction, removing any conflict between trains on the Spalding and Leicester lines.

2020 April 22, Paul Shannon, “Felixstowe: Is 47 trains a day achievable?”, in Rail, page 52

(rail transport) To provide four parallel running lines on a given stretch of railway.


quadruple

Something that is four times the usual number, amount, size, etc.

(skating) A figure-skating jump with four revolutions in the air.


quadruple

une quadruple croche


quarantine

Cuban Missile Crisis
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Louis IX of France
quarantine

From Medieval Latin quarentena and quarentīna (“40-day period, Lent”) via Middle English quarentine, Norman quarenteine, French quarenteine, and Italian quarantina, via proposed Late Latin *quaranta + -ēna (“forming distributive adjectives”), from Latin quadrāgintā (“four tens, 40”). Doublet of carene and quadragene.
In reference to French politics, calque of French quarantaine after edicts of Louis IX. In reference to a severance of political relations, popularized by the Roosevelt administration's 1937 approach to the Axis powers and the later Kennedy administration's 1962 approach to Cuba during the missile crisis.

By yonde ys a wyldernys of quarentyne,
Wher Cryst wyth fastyng hys body dyd pyne;
In that holy place, as we rede,
The deuyl wold had of stonys bred.

c. 1470, William Wey, The Itineraries, page 14

(Christianity, obsolete) Alternative letter-case form of Quarantine: the Mount of Temptation where Jesus Christ supposedly fasted for 40 days, Jebel Quruntul near Jericho.


pi

en-noun

pi (countable and uncountable, plural pis)

From Ancient Greek πεῖ (peî), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *pay- (“mouth”). Doublet of pe. Its mathematical use apparently stems from its use as the first letter in περιφέρεια (periphéreia, “periphery; circumference”) and was first cited in 1706 in the Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos by William Jones.

(mathematics) An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π.


love

Now widely believed (due to historical written record) to be from the idea that when one does a thing “for love” it is for no monetary gain, the word “love” thus implying "nothing".
The former assumption that it had originated from French l’œuf (literally “the egg”), due to its shape, has largely been discredited and is no longer widely accepted. However, the apparent similarity of the shape of an egg to a zero has inspired similar analogies, such as the use of duck (reputed to be short for duck's egg) for a zero score at cricket, and goose egg for "zero".

So that’s fifteen-love to Kournikova.

The next day Agassi came back from two sets to love down to beat Courier in five sets.

2013, Paul McNamee, Game Changer: My Tennis Life

(racquet sports, billiards) Zero, no score.


non

From English nine, German neun, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. In length from English nona-, French nona-, Italian nono, Spanish nono.


lama

Inherited from Proto-Cushitic *ɬa(a)ma. Compare Afar nammay, Hadiyya lamo, Rendille lama and Somali laba, Kambaata lámo.


hundred

→ Hawaiian: haneli, hanele, haneri

From Middle English hundred, from Old English hundred, from Proto-Germanic *hundaradą, from *hundą (from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm) + *radą (“count”), a neuter variant of *radō (“row, line, series”). Compare West Frisian hûndert, Dutch honderd, Low German hunnert, hunnerd, German Hundert, Danish hundred.

one hair of a woman can draw more than a hundred pair of oxen

hundreds of places, hundreds of thousands of faces

a hundred, one hundred

nineteen hundred, one thousand nine hundred

A numerical value equal to 100 (10²), occurring after ninety-nine.


hundred

A hundred-dollar bill, or any other note denominated 100 (e.g. a hundred euros).

(historical) An administrative subdivision of southern English counties formerly reckoned as comprising 100 hides (households or families) and notionally equal to 12,000 acres.

carucate (1⁄100 hundred & for smaller divisions)

He made a hundred in the historic match.

(cricket) A score of one hundred runs or more scored by a batsman.


hundred

→ Greenlandic: hundredi

From Old Norse hundrað (“hundred”), from Proto-Germanic *hundaradą, from *hundą (< Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm) + *radą (“count”).


hundred

desctree

English: hundred
→ Hawaiian: haneli, hanele, haneri

Scots: hunder, hunner

desc

Yola: hindreth, hundreth, hundereth, hunderth, hunnert

From Old English hundred, from Proto-West Germanic *hundarad, from Proto-Germanic *hundaradą (“hundred”); some forms are remodelled on Old Norse hundrað.


hundred

English: hundred


hundred

English: hundredth

A combination of specialised use of the cardinal and hundred (“hundred”) + -the (ordinal suffix).


hundred

hundred (nominative singular)
hundredu (nominative plural)
hundred (accusative singular)
hundredu (accusative plural)
hundredes (genitive singular)
hundreda (genitive plural)
hundrede (dative singular)
hundredum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: hundred
English: hundred
→ Hawaiian: haneli, hanele, haneri
Scots: hunder, hunner
Yola: hindreth, hundreth, hundereth, hunderth, hunnert

From Proto-Germanic *hundaradą (“hundred”), from *hundą + *radą (“count”), a neuter variant of *radō (“row, line, series”).
Cognate with Old Frisian hundred, Old Saxon hunderod, Old Dutch *hundert, Old High German hundert, Old Norse hundrað.


balid

Desinob ad motävön ün göd odela me tren balid.

1931, Arie de Jong, Gramat Volapüka, § 256

I intend setting off tomorrow morning by the first train.

Utans, kels vilons kopiedön lisedi at, kanons loenön oni de redakan balid Vpagaseda at.

1937, “Nuns”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 47

Those who wish to make a copy of this list may borrow it from the first editor of this journal.


both

From Middle English bothe, boþe, from Old English bā þā (“both the; both those”) and possibly reinforced by Old Norse báðir, from Proto-Germanic *bai. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bee (“both”), West Frisian beide (“both”), Dutch beide (“both”), German beide (“both”), Swedish både, båda, Danish både, Norwegian både, Icelandic báðir. Replaced Middle English bō, from Old English bā, a form of Old English bēġen.

inh

Both children are such dolls.

Which one do you need? ―I need both of them.

He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both.

1717, Viscount Bolingbroke, Reflexions upon Exile

Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.

find one's ass with both hands and a flashlight


both

Did you want this one or that one? ―Give me both.

They were both here.

Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34


tan

From a Brythonic language; influenced in form by yan (“one”) in the same series.

(dialect, rare) The second cardinal number two, formerly used in Celtic areas, especially Cumbria and parts of Yorkshire, for counting sheep, and stitches in knitting.


mill

Sranan Tongo: miri

→ Hindi: मिल (mil)

From Middle English mylne, mille, from Old English mylen, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnu (“mill”), from Late Latin molīna, molīnum, molīnus (“mill”), from Latin molō (“grind, mill”, verb), closely allied to Proto-Germanic *muljaną (“to crush, grind”) (see English millstone). Perhaps cognate with Milne (a surname). Doublet of moline and moulin.

cog

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

every miller draws water to his own mill

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

lathes, mills, and drill presses

A milling machine for machining of solid metal, wood, or plastic.


at

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


at

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


to

From Old Norse tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).
The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative masculine twā and the nominative/accusative feminine twāʀ (West tvær). The neuter tū (West tvau) is preserved in the adverb itu.


to

From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


to

tvu

two, non-standard or Høgnorsk gender-depending


empat

From Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


empat

From Malay empat, from Classical Malay empat, from Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


empat

Indonesian: empat

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


empat

From Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


satu

From Proto-Malayic *sA- (“one”) + *batu (“stone”).


satu

From Malay satu, from Proto-Malayic *sA- (“one”) + *batu (“stone”).


tiga

From Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit tiga ("triple"), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triple”).


tiga

From Malay tiga (“three”), from Classical Malay tiga, from Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit tiga ("triple"), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triple”).

Enam bagi tiga sama dengan dua.


tiga

Indonesian: tiga

From Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit tiga ("triple"), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triple”). Displaced native Old Malay tlu.


tree

From Old Irish trí, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


tin

From Old Frisian tiān. Compare West Frisian tsien, Sylt North Frisian tiin.


an

From Middle English an, from Old English ān (“a, an”, literally “one”). More at one.

inh

(nonstandard, British, West Country) one


an

ān (canonical)
ān (masculine nominative singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian ān, Old Saxon ēn, Old High German ein, Old Norse einn, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin ūnus, Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Old Irish oen.

"Gospel of Saint John", chapter 10, verse 30

c. 973, Æthelwold's translation of the Rule of Saint Benedict, quoting Galatians 3:28

Slave or free, we are all one in Christ.

Ġe þēo ġe frēo, eall wē sind on Criste ān.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 14:37

Then he came and found them asleep, and said to Peter, "Simon, are you asleep? Couldn't you stay awake for one hour?"

Þā cōm hē and fand hīe slǣpende, and cwæþ tō Petre, "Simon, slǣpst þū? Ne meahtest þū āne tīd wacian?"

early 12th century, the Peterborough Chronicle, year 1100

On the morning after Lammas day, King William was out hunting when he was shot with an arrow by one of his servants.

On morgen æfter Hlāfmæssedæġe wearþ sē cyning Willelm on huntoþe fram his ānum menn mid āne flāne ofsċoten.


Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)
The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English values for additional letters.


ail

cy-adj

ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable)

ail (feminine singular)
ail (plural)
ail (mutation mutation-radical)
hail (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh eil, from Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).

yr ail lawr


song

head

𣙩, 漴, 牕, 窓, 窻

vi-noun

𣙩, 漴, 牕, 窓, 窻

sau song sắt

Short for chấn song (“upright post in a paling or railing”).


零

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (零):
* → Japanese: 零(れい) (rei)
* → Korean: 령(零) (ryeong)
* → Vietnamese: linh (零)

→ Bouyei: lingz

→ Lü: ᦟᦲᧃᧉ (liin²)

→ Zhuang: lingz

/liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:
* From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
* Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
* Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.
Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.

inh

〇
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
𮖿
𩂙
霗
𩃞
𩅶
𩆖
𩆼
⿳⻗人𰆊

零星

Alternative form: 〇

一減一等於零。／一减一等于零。

三點零五分／三点零五分

七百零三

二零零一年

從零開始／从零开始

廿零蚊 [Cantonese] ― jaa⁶ leng⁴ man¹ [Jyutping] ― twenty-something dollars

分零兩分鐘／分零两分钟 [Cantonese] ― fan¹ leng⁴ loeng⁵ fan¹ zung¹ [Jyutping] ― one to two minutes

七十零 [Cantonese] ― cat¹ sap⁶ leng⁴⁻² [Jyutping] ― seventy-something

(Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.


零

〇
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
𮖿
𩂙
霗
𩃞
𩅶
𩆖
𩆼
⿳⻗人𰆊


零

From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leng) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye as a placeholder, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三百零二 (èr), literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零 character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens. It would thus implicitly take on the meaning of zero.

lang

「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和

「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和


not

English: not

Scots: nat (obsolete)

Reduction of nought (from Old English nāwiht, nōwiht).


right

en-adj

right (comparative further right or more right or righter, superlative furthest right or most right or rightmost or rightest)

further right (comparative)
more right (comparative)
righter (comparative)
furthest right (superlative)
most right (superlative)
rightmost (superlative)
rightest (superlative)

→ Spanish: right

→ Welsh: reit

From Middle English right, from Old English riht (“right,” also the word for “straight” and “direct”), from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). An Indo-European past participle, it became a Germanic adjective which has been used also as a noun since the common Germanic period. Cognate with West Frisian rjocht, Dutch recht, German recht and Recht, Swedish rätt and rät, Danish ret, Norwegian Bokmål rett, Norwegian Nynorsk rett, and Icelandic rétt. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ὀρεκτός (orektós) and Latin rēctus; Albanian drejt was borrowed from Latin.

inh

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

have one's head screwed on the right way

a right triangle   a right prism   a right cone

(geometry) Of a geometric figure, incorporating a right angle between edges, faces, axes, etc.

перпендикулярен

geometry: incorporating a right angle between edges, faces, axes, etc.


man

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蠻 (“barbarian; unreasonable”).

vi-etym-sino

(derogatory, chiefly in compounds) a savage; barbarian


dua

From Proto-Malayic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


dua

From Proto-South Sulawesi *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


dua

From Proto-North Sarawak *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


dua

eo-head

dua (accusative singular duan, plural duaj, accusative plural duajn)

duan (accusative singular)
duaj (plural)
duajn (accusative plural)


dua

From Proto-Central-Eastern Oceanic *tewa.


dua

From Proto-Malayic *dua, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


dua

From Proto-Philippine, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


dua

From Malay dua, from Proto-Malayic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


dua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


dua

From Proto-Malayic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (dua).


ba

From Proto-Vietic *paː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *piʔ; cognate with Muong pa, Khmer បី (bəy), Halang pe, Pacoh pe, Mon ပိ (pi).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ba.wav


ba

anh/chị ba

bác ba

second eldest brother/sister of one's parent

chú ba

secondborn younger brother of one's father

(Southern Vietnam, of a sibling) secondborn


feed

From Old Irish fichet (compare Scottish Gaelic fichead), genitive singular of fiche (“twenty”), from Proto-Celtic *wikantī (compare Welsh ugain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥t (compare Latin vīgintī), from *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two-ten”).


ducat

dūcat (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
dūcat (nominative singular)
dūcata (dual nominative)
dūcati (nominative plural)
dūcata (genitive singular)
dūcatov (dual genitive)
dūcatov (genitive plural)
dūcatu (dative singular)
dūcatoma (dative dual)
dūcatom (dative plural)
dūcat (accusative singular)
dūcata (accusative dual)
dūcate (accusative plural)
dūcatu (locative singular)
dūcatih (dual locative)
dūcatih (locative plural)
dūcatom (instrumental singular)
dūcatoma (dual instrumental)
dūcati (instrumental plural)


we

From Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Tocharian B wi.


億

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Han compound

先定個小目標賺他一個億 [MSC, trad.]
先定个小目标赚他一个亿 [MSC, simp.]

first set a small goal: make a hundred million [yuan]

xiān dìng ge xiǎo mùbiāo zhuàn tā yī ge yì [Pinyin]

hundred million (100,000,000) (sometimes written as 1,0000,0000)


千

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (千):
* → Japanese: 千(せん) (sen)
* → Korean: 천(千) (cheon)
* → Vietnamese: thiên (千)

→ Zhuang: cien (“thousand”)

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sn̥ʰiːn) : semantic 一 (“one, signifying a number”) + phonetic 人 (OC *njin). The Old Chinese pronunciations of 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn) and 人 (OC *njin) were similar. For the component 人, compare its combining form 亻.
The traditional explanation holds that the extra line indicates an extension (see the etymologies of 年 and 延). 千 has the meaning one thousand because one thousand is a number that is reached by extending one's counting.
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) notes similar forms in Mon-Khmer, though their initials and finals do not match Old Chinese; compare Vietnamese nghìn and Old Mon lṅim (whence Mon လ္ၚီ (ŋìm)), all meaning "thousand". Also compare Proto-Hlai *C-ŋin.

cog

Mon လ္ၚီ (ŋìm)

千山萬水／千山万水

佢收手不再千 走去撈製片 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢收手不再千 走去捞制片 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ sau¹ sau² bat¹ zoi³ cin¹, zau² heoi³ lou¹ zai³ pin³⁻² [Jyutping]

From: 2019, 尹光 [Wan Kwong], 荷里活有個大老千 [I Bet Your Pardon]

She quit swindling and went to be a film producer


百

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (百):
* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
* → Korean: 백(百) (baek)
* → Vietnamese: bách (百)

→ Ai-Cham: pek⁷

→ Lao: ປາກ (pāk)

→ Lü: ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak)

→ Shan: ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak)

→ Southern Kam: begs

→ Zhuang: bak

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *pæk

Iu Mien: baeqv

Western Xiangxi Miao: bat

White Hmong: pua

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Han compound

四百

百四 [Cantonese] ― baak³ sei³ [Jyutping] ― one hundred and forty

長命百歲／长命百岁


百

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek, literally “hundred”).

百千

a large number, all sorts, hundreds and thousands

百も承知: → the state of being fully aware of something


百

百 (canonical)
o (romanization)
fo (romanization)
ほ (hiragana historical)

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/
From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).


十

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (十):
* → Japanese: 十(じゅう) (jū)
* → Korean: 십(十) (sip)
* → Vietnamese: thập (十)

→ Ahom: 𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫 (sip)

→ Bouyei: xib

→ Khmer: ដប់ (dɑp), សិប (səp)

→ Lao: ສິບ (sip)

→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧇ (ṡiib)

desc

→ Saek: ซิ̄บ

→ Saek: ซิ̄บ

→ Shan: သိပ်း (síp)

→ Tai Dam: ꪎꪲꪚ

→ Tai Nüa: ᥔᥤᥙᥴ (síp)

→ Thai: สิบ (sìp)

→ Zhuang: cib

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.
Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for 十 (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

十分

十全十美 ― shíquánshíměi ― perfect


十

十 (canonical)
jū (romanization)
zifu (romanization)
じふ (hiragana historical)

/ʑipʉ/ → /ʑiɸu/ → /ʑɨu/ → /ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ → /ʑi~̚/
From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip).


十

ja-pos

十(じゅう) or 十(じっ) • (jū or ji') ^(←じふ (zifu)?)

十 (canonical)
十 (canonical)
jū (romanization)
ji' (romanization)
zifu (romanization)
じふ (hiragana historical)


十

十 (canonical)
tō (romanization)
towo (romanization)
とを (hiragana historical)

十で神童十五で才子二十過ぎればただの人

tō de shindō jūgo de saishi hatachi sugireba tada no hito

⟨to₂wo⟩ → */təwo/ → /towo/ → /toː/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwə.


十

⟨so₁⟩ → */sʷo/ → /so/
From Old Japanese.
Used in compounds.


spat

From Proto-Atayalic *səpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


sat

From Sanskrit सप्त (sapta). Compare Hindi सात (sāt), Khowar سوت (sot).


bat

bat (absolutive indefinite pronoun)
bata (absolutive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuk (absolutive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitz (absolutive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitza (absolutive pronoun singular)
batek (ergative indefinite pronoun)
batak (ergative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuek (ergative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzek (ergative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzak (ergative pronoun singular)
bati (dative indefinite pronoun)
batari (dative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuei (dative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzi (dative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzari (dative pronoun singular)
baten (genitive indefinite pronoun)
bataren (genitive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuen (genitive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzen (genitive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzaren (genitive pronoun singular)
batekin (comitative indefinite pronoun)
batarekin (comitative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuekin (comitative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzekin (comitative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarekin (comitative pronoun singular)
batengatik (causative indefinite pronoun)
bategatik (causative indefinite pronoun)
batarengatik (causative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuengatik (causative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzengatik (causative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarengatik (causative pronoun singular)
batentzat (benefactive indefinite pronoun)
batarentzat (benefactive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuentzat (benefactive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzentzat (benefactive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarentzat (benefactive pronoun singular)
batez (indefinite instrumental pronoun)
bataz (indefinite instrumental pronoun singular)
batzuez (indefinite instrumental plural pronoun)
bakoitzez (indefinite instrumental pronoun)
bakoitzaz (instrumental pronoun singular)
batengan (animate indefinite inessive pronoun)
batarengan (animate indefinite inessive pronoun singular)
batzuengan (animate indefinite inessive plural pronoun)
bakoitzengan (animate indefinite inessive pronoun)
bakoitzarengan (animate inessive pronoun singular)
batean (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun)
baten (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun)
batean (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun singular)
batzuetan (inanimate indefinite inessive plural pronoun)
bakoitzean (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun)
bakoitzean (inanimate inessive pronoun singular)
bateko (indefinite locative pronoun)
bateko (indefinite locative pronoun singular)
batzuetako (indefinite locative plural pronoun)
bakoitzeko (indefinite locative pronoun)
bakoitzeko (locative pronoun singular)
batengana (allative animate indefinite pronoun)
batarengana (allative animate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuengana (allative animate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzengana (allative animate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarengana (allative animate pronoun singular)
batera (allative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
batera (allative inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetara (allative inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzera (allative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzera (allative inanimate pronoun singular)
batenganaino (animate indefinite pronoun terminative)
batarenganaino (animate indefinite pronoun singular terminative)
batzuenganaino (animate indefinite plural pronoun terminative)
bakoitzenganaino (animate indefinite pronoun terminative)
bakoitzarenganaino (animate pronoun singular terminative)
bateraino (inanimate indefinite pronoun terminative)
bateraino (inanimate indefinite pronoun singular terminative)
batzuetaraino (inanimate indefinite plural pronoun terminative)
bakoitzeraino (inanimate indefinite pronoun terminative)
bakoitzeraino (inanimate pronoun singular terminative)
batenganantz (animate directive indefinite pronoun)
batarenganantz (animate directive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuenganantz (animate directive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzenganantz (animate directive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarenganantz (animate directive pronoun singular)
baterantz (directive inanimate indefinite pronoun)
baterantz (directive inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetarantz (directive inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzerantz (directive inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzerantz (directive inanimate pronoun singular)
batenganako (animate destinative indefinite pronoun)
batarenganako (animate destinative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuenganako (animate destinative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzenganako (animate destinative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarenganako (animate destinative pronoun singular)
baterako (destinative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
baterako (destinative inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetarako (destinative inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzerako (destinative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzerako (destinative inanimate pronoun singular)
batengandik (ablative animate indefinite pronoun)
batarengandik (ablative animate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuengandik (ablative animate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzengandik (ablative animate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarengandik (ablative animate pronoun singular)
batetik (ablative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
batetik (ablative inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetatik (ablative inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzetik (ablative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzetik (ablative inanimate pronoun singular)

From a reduced form of Proto-Basque *bade (“one, some”), present also in bederatzi (“nine”) and bedera (“same; everyone”). Compared by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer to Iberian ban (“one”).


bat

bat (absolutive indefinite)
bata (absolutive indefinite singular)
batak (absolutive indefinite plural)
batek (ergative indefinite)
batak (ergative indefinite singular)
batek (ergative indefinite plural)
bati (dative indefinite)
batari (dative indefinite singular)
batei (dative indefinite plural)
baten (genitive indefinite)
bataren (genitive indefinite singular)
baten (genitive indefinite plural)
batekin (comitative indefinite)
batarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
batekin (comitative indefinite plural)
batengatik (causative indefinite)
batarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
batengatik (causative indefinite plural)
batentzat (benefactive indefinite)
batarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
batentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
batez (indefinite instrumental)
bataz (indefinite instrumental singular)
batez (indefinite instrumental plural)
batetan (indefinite inessive)
batean (indefinite inessive singular)
batetan (indefinite inessive plural)
batetako (indefinite locative)
bateko (indefinite locative singular)
batetako (indefinite locative plural)
batetara (allative indefinite)
batera (allative indefinite singular)
batetara (allative indefinite plural)
batetaraino (indefinite terminative)
bateraino (indefinite singular terminative)
batetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
batetarantz (directive indefinite)
baterantz (directive indefinite singular)
batetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
batetarako (destinative indefinite)
baterako (destinative indefinite singular)
batetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
batetatik (ablative indefinite)
batetik (ablative indefinite singular)
batetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
batik (indefinite partitive)
bat-tzat (indefinite prolative)

Sagar bat eta lau laranja.


limo

From Proto-Malayic *lima(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


limo

From Proto-Philippine *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


limo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


空

From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).


nin

From Middle High German niun, from Old High German niun, from Proto-Germanic *newun. Cognate with German neun, Dutch negen, English nine, Icelandic níu.


simple

en-adj

simple (comparative simpler or more simple, superlative simplest or most simple)

simpler (comparative)
more simple (comparative)
simplest (superlative)
most simple (superlative)

complex

antonym(s) of “having few parts or features”

From Middle English symple, simple, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.
Partially displaced native English onefold.

der

(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.

(chemistry, pharmacology) Consisting of one single substance; uncompounded.

Chesapeake & Ohio turned to simple articulateds, for instance, simply because its Alleghany tunnels would not accommodate the low-pressure forward cylinders of larger compounds.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 6

Using steam only once in its cylinders, in contrast to a compound engine, where steam is used more than once in high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders. (of a steam engine)


bir

From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bir (*bīr).


bir

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /bir/).


bir

bir (nominative singular)
birler (nominative plural)
biri (accusative singular)
birleri (accusative plural)
biriň (genitive singular)
birleriň (genitive plural)
bire (dative singular)
birlere (dative plural)
birde (locative singular)
birlerde (locative plural)
birden (ablative singular)
birlerden (ablative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.


octopus

en-noun

octopus (countable and uncountable, plural octopuses or octopusses or octopi or octopodes or octopii)

octopuses (plural)
octopusses (plural)
octopi (plural)
octopodes (plural)
octopii (plural)

From Latin octōpūs, from Ancient Greek ὀκτώπους (oktṓpous), from ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).

Singapore
octopus
southern blue-ringed octopus

(countable) Any of several marine molluscs of the family Octopodidae, having no internal or external protective shell or bone (unlike the nautilus, squid and cuttlefish) and eight arms each covered with suckers.


octopus

nl-noun

octopus m (plural octopussen, diminutive octopusje n)

octopussen (plural)
octopusje (diminutive neuter)

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώπους (oktṓpous), from ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).


octopus

la-noun

octōpūs m (genitive octōpodis); third declension

octōpūs (canonical masculine)
octōpodis (genitive)
octōpūs (nominative singular)
octōpodēs (nominative plural)
octōpodis (genitive singular)
octōpodum (genitive plural)
octōpodī (dative singular)
octōpodibus (dative plural)
octōpodem (accusative singular)
octōpodēs (accusative plural)
octōpode (ablative singular)
octōpodibus (ablative plural)
octōpūs (singular vocative)
octōpodēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώπους (oktṓpous, “eight feet”).

der

Jam vero testa in hac familia sola universalis pars est, Octopodis tantum exceptis.

1825, Willem de Haan, Monographiæ ammoniteorum et goniatiteorum specimen, page 10

Now truly a shell is a part universal in this single family, octopus the notable exception.


fünf

From Middle High German vünf, from Old High German fimf. Formal cognates include Dutch vijf, English five, Yiddish פֿינף (finf), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 (fimf) and Icelandic fimm.

(cardinal number) five (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 5; or describing a set with five elements)


bag

→ Japanese: バッグ

→ Korean: 백 (baek)

→ Norwegian: bag

From Middle English bagge, from Old Norse baggi (“bag, pack, satchel, bundle”) (whence also Old French bague (“bundle, package, sack”)); related to Old Norse bǫggr (“harm, shame; load, burden”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰak- (compare Welsh baich (“load, bundle”), Ancient Greek βάσταγμα (bástagma, “load”)).

cog

Coulda got a bag last year
But now I get a bag for a verse

2017 May 2, Figure Flows (lyrics and music), “Money Right”, in Big Figures ft. Purple, from 1:18

My hoodie cost a bag three, my runners cost a bag two

2023 June 18, “100mph Freestyle x3”, Clavish (lyrics), 1:30

(slang)
(Cockney rhyming slang) £1000, a grand.

Cockney rhyming slang
Cockney rhyming slang


八

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (八):
* → Japanese: 八(はち) (hachi)
* → Korean: 팔(八) (pal)
* → Vietnamese: bát (八)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *peːtᴰ (“eight”)
Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pɛːtᴰ
Thai: แปด (bpɛ̀ɛt)
Northern Thai: ᨸᩯ᩠ᨯ
Lao: ແປດ (pǣt)
Lü: ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹)
Tai Dam: ꪵꪜꪒ
Shan: ပႅတ်ႇ (pèt)
Tai Laing: ပျꧥတ်
Tai Nüa: ᥙᥦᥖᥱ (pǎet)
Phake: ပိတ် (pit)
Ahom: 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: beedt
Tai Do: pẹt
Zhuang: bet
Central Tai
Nùng: pẻt
Tày: pét

Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 分 and 別).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Han etyl

to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in

八婆 [Cantonese] ― baat³ po⁴ [Jyutping] ― nosey parker; meddling woman

Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
(Cantonese) nosey; meddling


八

From Old Japanese 八 (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.
The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles.


right angle

(geometry) Half of the angle formed by a single straight line, equivalent to 90 degrees.


二

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (二):
* → Japanese: 二(に) (ni)
* → Korean: 이(二) (i)
* → Vietnamese: nhị (二)

→ Bouyei: ngih

→ Northern Thai: ᨿᩦ᩵

→ Lao: ຍີ່ (nyī)

→ Thai: ยี่ (yîi)

→ Vietnamese: nhì

→ Zhuang: ngeih

Ideogram (指事) - two parallel strokes. Compare with 一, one stroke meaning one, 三, three strokes meaning three, and 亖 (sì), four strokes meaning four. Duplication of 一 (“one”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s. Cognate to Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Sikkimese ཉི (nyi), Tangut 𗍫 (*njɨ̱¹), Burmese နှစ် (hnac), and Nuosu ꑍ (nyip). See also: 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis, “second; next”), a cognate within Chinese languages.

二號線／二号线

子曰：「君子之道，或出或處，或默或語，二人同心，其利斷金。同心之言，其臭如蘭。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
子曰：「君子之道，或出或处，或默或语，二人同心，其利断金。同心之言，其臭如兰。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

The Master said, on this, "The ways of good men (different seem). This in a public office toils; that in his home the time beguiles. One man his lips with silence seals; another all his mind reveals. But when two men are one in heart, not iron bolts keep them apart; the words they in their union use, fragrance like orchid plants diffuse."

Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ zhī dào, huò chū huò chǔ, huò mò huò yǔ, èr rén tóng xīn, qí lì duàn jīn. Tóng xīn zhī yán, qí xiù rú lán.” [Pinyin]

Alternative forms: 𠄠 (èr), 𖿣

(handwritten, dated, now informal) An iteration mark denoting the repetition of the previous hanzi; often written at a smaller size when used for this purpose.

※ Such a definition of a number results from a number's being used without a unit after a quantity with both a value (exists even if hidden) and a unit to indicate the quantity with the value being the number and the unit one grade lower. So does the next definition.

百二 [Cantonese] ― baak³ ji⁶ [Jyutping] ― one hundred twenty

百二 [Hokkien] ― pah jī [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― one hundred twenty

買電腦花了一千二。 [MSC, trad.]
买电脑花了一千二。 [MSC, simp.]

Buying the computer cost me a thousand and two hundred bucks.

Short for "twenty, two hundred or two thousand" after hundreds, thousands and ten thousands.

黃瓜一塊二一斤。 [MSC, trad.]
黄瓜一块二一斤。 [MSC, simp.]

The cucumbers are one dollar twenty per half kilogram.


二

From Middle Chinese 二 (ȵiɪᴴ, “two”). Compare modern Eastern Min reading nê.


二

Japanese numerals#Formal numbers
Old Japanese language
Proto-Japonic language

Originally /huta/: *[puta] > [ɸuta]. The ablaut form of 一 (hito2, “one”), which it doubles.
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *puta. Cognate with Japanese 双(ふた) (futa).


monarchy

en-noun

monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural monarchies)

From Old French monarchie, from Late Latin monarchia, from Ancient Greek μοναρχία (monarkhía), from μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “power, authority”). By surface analysis, mon- (“one, single”) + -archy (“rule, command”).

monargie

form of government with a hereditary head of state

States based on a system of governance headed by a king or a queen.


rational number

en-noun

rational number (plural rational numbers)

From rational + number, ultimately from Latin rationalis + numerus. Compare analogous logarithm, from Ancient Greek.

(mathematics) A number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers.


六

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (六):
* → Japanese: 六(ろく) (roku)
* → Korean: 육/륙(六) (yuk/ryuk)
* → Vietnamese: lục (六)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *krokᴰ (“six”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: rogt
Tai Do: hốc
Zhuang: roek, loeg
Central Tai
Tày: hốc
Nùng: róc
Nong Zhuang: choak
Proto-Southwestern Tai: *xrokᴰ¹ˢ
Thai: หก (hòk)
Northern Thai: ᩉᩫ᩠ᨠ
Lao: ຫົກ (hok)
Lü: ᦷᦠᧅ (ḣok)
Tai Dam: ꪶꪬꪀ
Shan: ႁူၵ်း (húuk)
Tai Nüa: ᥞᥨᥐᥱ (hǒk)
Aiton: ꩭုက် (huk)
Phake: ꩭုက် (huk)
Ahom: 𑜍𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ruk)

Pictogram (象形) – perhaps a shed. Originally using the similar-sounding word 廬 (OC *ra, “shed, cabin”) to represent the concept “six” (Liu Xinglong). Alternatively, it may be an ancient counting symbol.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk (“six”).

六城

Six Cities (a literal translation of Altishahr, an ancient name for the region Xinjiang/East Turkestan)

(printing) small text; The size of type between 小五 (xiǎowǔ, “little 5”) and 小六 (xiǎoliù, “little 6”), standardized as 7½ point.


六

六穴

the six hole of the human body, which are the mouth, eye, ear, nose, anus, and genital


六

The ablaut form of 三 (mi, “three”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 六 (mu), from Proto-Japonic *mu.


六

From Middle Chinese 六 (MC ljuwk). Compare modern Cantonese reading luk6.


九

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (九):
* → Japanese: 九(く) (ku); 九(きゅう) (kyū)
* → Korean: 구(九) (gu)
* → Vietnamese: cửu (九)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *kɤwꟲ (“nine”)
Northern Tai:
Bouyei: guz
Zhuang: gouj
Saek: กู̂
Tai Do: cau
Central Tai:
Caolan: cáu
Nùng: càu
Tày: cẩu
Wenma-Southwestern Tai:
Sapa-Southwestern Tai:
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Thai: เก้า (gâao)
Northern Thai: ᨠᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ເກົ້າ (kao)
Lü: ᦂᧁᧉ (k̇aw²)
Tai Dam: ꪹꪀ꫁ꪱ (cảu)
Shan: ၵဝ်ႈ (kāo)
Tai Laing: ကႍဝ်
Tai Nüa: ᥐᥝᥲ (kàw)
Ahom: 𑜀𑜧 (kaw)

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手 (shǒu), 寸 (cùn). The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).

Han etyl

九曲黃河萬里沙，浪淘風簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
九曲黄河万里沙，浪淘风簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: 822?, Liu Yuxi, “Ripples Sifting Sand”

The Yellow River with its many twists and turns flows thousands of miles full of sand / Carried by its waves stirred up by the wind coming from a faraway land.

Jiǔ qū huánghé wàn lǐ shā, làng táo fēng bò zì tiānyá. [Pinyin]

一九二九不出手，三九四九冰上走。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

From: “The Nine Nine-Day Periods Song”, a folk song

In the first and the second nine-day period, one should not take out one's hand; / In the third and the fourth nine-day period, the ice is thick enough to stand.

Yī jiǔ èr jiǔ bù chū shǒu, sān jiǔ sì jiǔ bīng shàng zǒu. [Pinyin]

(weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice

(Cantonese, minced oath, euphemistic) Synonym of 㞗 (gau1, “penis”)


九

九牛一毛

nine cows one hair (a drop in the ocean)


九

九 (canonical)
kyū (romanization)
kiu (romanization)
きう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 九 (MC kjuwX). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Borrowed after palatalization occurred in Middle Chinese. Compare modern Hakka 九 (giu³).


九

From Early Middle Chinese 九 (MC kjuwX). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.


九

From Old Japanese from Proto-Japonic *kəkənə.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.


九

/kokono/ → /kono/
Abbreviation of Old Japanese 九 (kokono, “nine”).

ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお

one, two, three, ... seven, eight, nine, ten


zilch

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-zilch.wav

Probably from Joe Zilch, a placeholder name (compare John Doe) used by Nunnally Johnson in his column in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle from 1923; in turn from Joe Zilch, an unseen character referenced in comedian Frank Tinney's stage routine. Compare the rare German surname Zilch.

Zilch, adj. Nothing, zero...

1966, University of South Dakota, Current Slang

...gorgeous faces but zilch talent...

(informal, chiefly US) No, zero, non-existent.


one hundred

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-one hundred.wav


set

Inherited from Latin septem (“seven”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥. Cognates include Occitan sèt.


set

From Latin sitis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰítis.


set

From Latin septem, from Proto-Italic *septem. Cognates include Italian sette and French sept.


set

From Latin septem, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.

(Rumantsch Grischun, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) seven


integer

[ˈɪn.tʰɪ.d͡ʒɚ]

[ˈɪn.ɾ̃ɪ.d͡ʒɚ]

Borrowed from Latin integer (“whole”, literally “untouched”), from in + tangere (“to touch”). Doublet of entire. See tangere, tact. Related to English thack and thwack.

bor

God made the integers; all else is the work of man

1886, Leopold Kronecker, speech to the Berliner Naturforscher-Versammlung

(arithmetic) A number that is not a fraction; an element of the infinite and numerable set {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}.

when understood to include negative numbers and zero


q

The ordinal number seventeenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called cue and written in the Latin script.


七

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (七):
* → Japanese: 七(しち) (shichi); 七(しつ) (shitsu)
* → Korean: 칠(七) (chil)
* → Vietnamese: thất (七)

→ Ai-Cham: sit⁷

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *cetᴰ
Northern Tai
Bouyei: xadt
Tai Do: chết
Zhuang: caet
Central Tai
Nong Zhuang: jiat
Tày: chết
Southwestern Tai
Thai: เจ็ด (jèt)
Lao: ເຈັດ (chet)
Lü: ᦵᦈᧆ (ṫsed)
Tai Dam: ꪹꪊꪸꪒ
Shan: ၸဵတ်း (tsáet)
Tai Nüa: ᥓᥥᥖᥱ (tsět)
Tai Laing: ၸဵတ်
Ahom: 𑜋𑜢𑜄𑜫 (chit)

Characters in the same phonetic series (七) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a vertical stroke and a horizontal stroke bisecting each other – original character of 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd, “to cut”).
The top-most horizontal stroke is done from left to right. The vertical stroke and bottom-most horizontal stroke are done as one stroke, from top-left to bottom-right.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ni-s (“seven”).

Han etyl

(printing) agate: The size of type between 小六 (xiǎoliù, “little 6”) and 八 (bā, “8”), standardized as 5½ point.


七

From Old Japanese 七 (nana), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nana.


bi

bi (absolutive indefinite)
bia (absolutive indefinite singular)
biak (absolutive indefinite plural)
bik (ergative indefinite)
biak (ergative indefinite singular)
biek (ergative indefinite plural)
biri (dative indefinite)
biari (dative indefinite singular)
biei (dative indefinite plural)
biren (genitive indefinite)
biaren (genitive indefinite singular)
bien (genitive indefinite plural)
birekin (comitative indefinite)
biarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
biekin (comitative indefinite plural)
birengatik (causative indefinite)
biarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
biengatik (causative indefinite plural)
birentzat (benefactive indefinite)
biarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
bientzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
biz (indefinite instrumental)
biaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
biez (indefinite instrumental plural)
birengan (animate indefinite inessive)
biarengan (animate indefinite inessive singular)
biengan (animate indefinite inessive plural)
bitan (inanimate indefinite inessive)
bian (inanimate indefinite inessive singular)
bietan (inanimate indefinite inessive plural)
bitako (inanimate indefinite locative)
biko (inanimate indefinite locative singular)
bietako (inanimate indefinite locative plural)
birengana (allative animate indefinite)
biarengana (allative animate indefinite singular)
biengana (allative animate indefinite plural)
bitara (allative inanimate indefinite)
bira (allative inanimate indefinite singular)
bietara (allative inanimate indefinite plural)
birenganaino (animate indefinite terminative)
biarenganaino (animate indefinite singular terminative)
bienganaino (animate indefinite plural terminative)
bitaraino (inanimate indefinite terminative)
biraino (inanimate indefinite singular terminative)
bietaraino (inanimate indefinite plural terminative)
birenganantz (animate directive indefinite)
biarenganantz (animate directive indefinite singular)
bienganantz (animate directive indefinite plural)
bitarantz (directive inanimate indefinite)
birantz (directive inanimate indefinite singular)
bietarantz (directive inanimate indefinite plural)
birenganako (animate destinative indefinite)
biarenganako (animate destinative indefinite singular)
bienganako (animate destinative indefinite plural)
bitarako (destinative inanimate indefinite)
birako (destinative inanimate indefinite singular)
bietarako (destinative inanimate indefinite plural)
birengandik (ablative animate indefinite)
biarengandik (ablative animate indefinite singular)
biengandik (ablative animate indefinite plural)
bitatik (ablative inanimate indefinite)
bitik (ablative inanimate indefinite singular)
bietatik (ablative inanimate indefinite plural)
birik (indefinite partitive)
bitzat (indefinite prolative)

Probably from Proto-Basque *biga (“two”), given the fact that dialectal forms like biga and bida (with *-g- > -d-) are phonetically more conservative. Often compared with Iberian bi (“two”).


五

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (五):
* → Japanese: 五(ご) (go)
* → Korean: 오(五) (o)
* → Vietnamese: ngũ (五)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *haːꟲ (“five”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: hac
Saek: ฮ̂า
Tai Do: ha
Zhuang: haj
Central Tai
Nùng: hà
Tày: hả
Southwestern Tai
Ahom: 𑜑𑜡 (hā)
Lao: ຫ້າ (hā)
Lü: ᦠᦱᧉ (ḣaa²)
Northern Thai: ᩉ᩶ᩣ
Shan: ႁႃႈ (hāa)
Tai Dam: ꪬ꫁ꪱ
Tai Nüa: ᥞᥣᥲ (hàa)
Thai: ห้า (hâa)

Originally written 𠄡, consisting of 㐅 with a bar on the top and bottom. One hypothesis explains that this may have meant five because when counting on a single hand, one first counts to five and then crosses back the other way to ten.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa (“five”).

a surname. Wu (mainland China, Taiwan), Ng (Hong Kong)


五

五節句

the five seasonal festivals of the Japanese calendar

五経

(Confucianism) Four Books and Five Classics

五人組

Five Households (Edo era civil defence units)

五稜郭

Goryōkaku, a star-shaped fort in Hakodate


五

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *etu.


五

From Middle Chinese 五 (MC nguX). Compare modern Hokkien reading gō͘.


一

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (一):
* → Japanese: 一(いち) (ichi); 一(いつ) (itsu)
* → Okinawan: 一(いち) (ichi)
* → Korean: 일(一) (il)
* → Jeju: 일 (il)
* → Vietnamese: nhất (一)

→ Ahom: 𑜒𑜢𑜄𑜫 (ʼit)

→ Bouyei: idt

→ Chadong: jit⁷, ji⁴

→ Lao: ເອັດ (ʼet)

→ Shan: ဢဵတ်း (ʼáet)

→ Tai Nüa: ᥟᥥᥖᥱ (ʼět)

→ Thai: เอ็ด (èt)

→ Zhuang: it

Standard Chinese phonology#Tones on special syllables

Ideogram (指事) : a horizontal stroke, indicating the number “one”.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for “one” in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).

一長一短／一长一短

一死一傷／一死一伤

一高一低

一天一夜

一日一夜 [Cantonese] ― jat¹ jat⁶ jat¹ je⁶ [Jyutping] ― one day and one night

一左一右

看一看

望一望 [Cantonese] ― mong⁶ jat¹ mong⁶ [Jyutping] ― to have a look

With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb:

Indicating that the action has occurred only once

一讲曹操，曹操就到 [Cantonese, simp.]
jat¹ gong² cou⁴ cou¹ ，cou⁴ cou¹ zau⁶ dou³ [Jyutping]

一到OP就卡。

It slows down once I get to the opening.

我一拍了照片，她就立即成為眾人矚目的焦點。 [MSC, trad.]
我一拍了照片，她就立即成为众人瞩目的焦点。 [MSC, simp.]

As soon as I took a picture, she ran towards the limelight.

Wǒ yī pāi le zhàopiàn, tā jiù lìjí chéngwèi zhòngrén zhǔmù de jiāodiǎn. [Pinyin]

一見如故／一见如故


一

Form used as the colloquial reading for “one” in most Min varieties: Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ⁸, Fuqing θyo⁸, Gutian syøʔ⁸, Ningde søʔ⁸, Zhouning sɔʔ⁸, Putian ɬoʔ⁸, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚⁸, Leizhou/Haikou ziak⁸, Longyan tse⁴, Youxi ɕie⁷, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi⁵, Jianyang tsi⁸. Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from 蜀 (shǔ) (cf. 獨／独 (dú, “single, alone”); often written when read with the colloquial reading), 隻／只 (zhī) (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or 禃 (zhí). Some Fujian dialects use 個／个 and 寡 (guǎ) for “one”.


一

Contraction of 一個／一个 (yīgè) (Zhou, 1998).

那是一深夜 [Beijing Mandarin, trad. and simp.]

From: 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 《闲人马大姐》, episode 7, 18:30

嗬，您夠牛的，還雇一跟班兒的哈！ [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]
嗬，您够牛的，还雇一跟班儿的哈！ [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]

Hē, nín gòu niú de, hái gù yí gēnbānr de hā! [Pinyin]


一

/itɨ/ → /it͡sɨ/ → /it͡ɕɨ/
From Middle Chinese 一 (ʔiɪt̚).
Compare modern Hokkien reading it.


一

/itʉ/ → /it͡sʉ/ → /it͡su/
From Middle Chinese 一 (ʔiɪt̚).


du

From Latin duo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


du

From Esperanto du, from French deux, Spanish dos, Italian due, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


du

From Sanskrit द्व (dva), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Hindi दो (do), Bhojpuri दू (dū), Konkani दोन (don).


du

dù (canonical masculine)
dvì (feminine)
dù (masculine nominative)
dvì (feminine nominative)
dviejų̃ (genitive masculine)
dviejų̃ (feminine genitive)
dvíem (dative masculine)
dvíem (dative feminine)
dù (accusative masculine)
dvì (accusative feminine)
dviẽm (instrumental masculine)
dviẽm (feminine instrumental)
dviejuosè (locative masculine)
dviejosè (feminine locative)
du (cardinal masculine)
dvi (cardinal feminine)
dveji (masculine plural)
dvejos (feminine plural)
dvejetas (collective masculine)
dvejeta (collective feminine)
antras (masculine ordinal)
antra (feminine ordinal)

From Proto-Baltic *duwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Latvian divi. Cognate to Latin duo.


du

From Proto-Iranian *dwáH (compare Persian دو (do), Pashto دوه (dwa), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀 (duua)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH (compare Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Marathi दोन (don), Hindi दो (do)/Urdu دو (do), Punjabi ਦੋ (do)), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (compare Russian два (dva), Lithuanian du, Greek δύο (dýo), Spanish dos, English two).


v

head

v (lower case Roman numeral, upper case V)

Lower case form of upper case roman numeral V, from abbreviation of IIIIΛ or IIIIV (representing 5), from tally stick markings resembling \\\\⋁ or ////⋀, from the practice of designating each fifth notch with a double cut, like the corresponding Western tally mark, .


l

The ordinal number twelfth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called el and written in the Latin script.


fire

From Old Norse fjórir, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (“four”).


fire

From Danish fire, Old Norse fjórir, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


san

From Proto-Khasian *san, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *suun ~ *suən ~ *sən; cognate with Khasi san, Mang han², Mon မသုန် (pəsɔn) and Proto-Palaungic *pəsan (whence Riang [Lang] kʰan¹ and Danau θʊn⁴).


萬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (萬):
* → Japanese: 万(まん) (man, “ten thousand”); 万(ばん) (ban)
* → Korean: 만(萬) (man, “ten thousand”)
* → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, “ten thousand”)

desc

→ Bouyei: faanh (“ten thousand”), Wanq (surname)

→ Proto-Hmong: *wi̯aŋꟲ (“ten thousand”)

→ Kavalan: ban (“ten thousand”)

→ Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, “ten thousand; official rank”)

→ Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)

→ Middle Korean: 즈믄 (cumun, “thousand”)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”)

→ English: tumen (“an army unit of 10,000 soldiers, among the ancient Mongols”)

Khalkha Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠮᠡ (tüme) / түм (tüm)

→ Persian: تومان (tumân)

→ English: toman (“former currency of Iran”)

→ Russian: Тюмень (Tjumenʹ, “Tyumen”)

→ English: Tyumen (“city in Russia”)

→ Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, “ten thousand”)

→ Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)

→ Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian A: tmāṃ (“ten thousand”)

Tocharian B: t₍ᵤ₎māne (“ten thousand, a myriad”)

→ Proto-Tungusic:

Manchu: ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ (tumen, “ten thousand”)

zh-l

→ Chinese: 圖們／图们 (Túmén, “Tumen, city in China”), 圖們江／图们江 (Túmén Jiāng, “Tumen River, boundary river between China, North Korea and Russia”)

→ English: Tumen (“city in China”)

→ Korean: 도문 (圖們, Domun, “Tumen”)

desc

→ Middle Korean: 투먼〮가ᇰ (Thwùmén-kàng, “Tumen River”)

→ Korean: 두만강 (豆滿江, Duman'gang, “Tumen River”)

→ Proto-Turkic: *tümen (“ten thousand; an infinitely large number”)

Turkish: tümen (“ten thousand”)

→ Vietnamese: muôn (𨷈, “ten thousand; all, many”), man (“ten thousand”)

→ Zhuang: fanh (“ten thousand”)

Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.
; “scorpion”
; “religious dance; sorcery”
; “myriad; ten thousand”

万
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅
𬺳

兩萬元／两万元

一百萬／一百万

四萬萬同胞／四万万同胞

four hundred million compatriots (the population of China from 1910s to 1940s)

萬歲／万岁


三

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (三):
* → Japanese: 三(さん) (san)
* → Korean: 삼(三) (sam)
* → Vietnamese: tam (三)

→ Proto-Tai: *saːmᴬ (“three”)

Lao: ສາມ (sām)

Thai: สาม (sǎam)

Zhuang: sam

Characters in the same phonetic series (三) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogram (指事) - three parallel strokes. Compare with 一, one stroke meaning “one”, 二, two strokes meaning “two”, and 亖, four strokes meaning “four”.
Triplication of 一 (“one”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.

Han etyl

叄/叁/參/参
𠫰/𠬅/𠬄
弎
𢦘

(Mainland China, slang, neologism) the other woman; the other man


三

三猿

see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil; three monkeys

三大都市

three major cities (usu. Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya)


三

Borrowing from Mandarin 三 (sān), with the pitch accent different from etymology 1.


三

⟨mi₁⟩ → /mi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mi.
Likely an apophonic form of 六 (mu, “six”), compare 四 (yo, “four”) with 八 (ya, “eight”).

hi, fu, mi, yo,[…]


三

ja-pos

三(みい) • (mī)

一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十

one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten

hī, fū, mī, yō, itsu, mū, nā, yā, kō, tō


r

Old English lower case letter r, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case r of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ.

The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.


四

Numbers in Chinese culture#Four
Qin dynasty
Spring and Autumn period
Western Zhou

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (四):
* → Japanese: 四(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 사(四) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: tứ (四)

Wutunhua: se

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *siːᴮ (“four”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: sis
Tai Do: xì
Zhuang: seiq
Central Tai
Nong Zhuang: siq
Nùng: slỉ
Tày: slí
Proto-Southwestern Tai: *siːᴮ
Thai: สี่ (sìi)
Northern Thai: ᩈᩦ᩵
Lao: ສີ່ (sī)
Phake: ꩬီ (sī)
Lü: ᦉᦲᧈ (ṡii¹)
Tai Dam: ꪎꪲ꪿
Shan: သီႇ (sìi)
Tai Laing: ꩬီ
Tai Nüa: ᥔᥤᥱ (sǐ)
Khamti: ꩬီ
Ahom: 𑜏𑜣 (sī)
Aiton: ꩬီ (sī)

→ Vietnamese: tư (“four”)

The word "four" was written as 亖 (sì) before Western Zhou and 四 (sì) appeared in late Spring and Autumn period. This alternative form was used to prevent confusion of 亖 (sì) and 二 (“two”) or 三 (“three”) in vertical writing. It was standardized in Qin dynasty.
The bronzeware style of the character featured a repositioning of those four lines inside 口 (kǒu); this later evolved into the combination used today of 口 (kǒu, “mouth”) and 八 (bā, “divide”) which meant a dispersal of breath. It could thus be said that four is a borrowed meaning for this character. The original sense is preserved in 呬 (OC *hrids), by adding an extra 口.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj.

肆
亖
皿
龱
𠁤
𠃢
𦉭

(printing) English; The size of type between 小四 (little 4) and 小三 (little 3), standardized as 14 point.


四

/si/ → /ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 四 (MC siɪᴴ).
Compare modern Hakka 四 (si).


p

The ordinal number sixteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called pee and written in the Latin script.


t

The ordinal number twentieth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called tee and written in the Latin script.


dew

diw (feminine)
dew (mutation unmutated)
dhew (mutation mutation-soft)
tew (mutation)
tew (mutation mutation-mixed)
tew (after-th mutation mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *dow, from Proto-Celtic *duwo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


kin

From French cinq, Spanish cinco, Italian cinque, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


b

The ordinal number second, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called bee and written in the Latin script.


k

The ordinal number eleventh, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called kay and written in the Latin script.


thirty-one

The cardinal number immediately following thirty and before thirty-two; thirty plus one.


m

Pronunciation of IPA [mːɑː, ɑmmɑː] with the sound [m]

International System of Units
International System of Units

metre (U.S. meter), the unit of length in the International System of Units

1798 Letter from William Short to Thomas Jefferson

Having made a divorce with politics as I have already mentioned I have only to trouble you on my personal affairs ... —The principle & most pressing is that of the 9. m. dollars

thousand (M being the Roman numeral for 1,000)


m

head

m (lower case roman numeral, upper case M)

From upper case roman numeral M (1000), an alteration of ⋈, from ∞, an alteration of ↀ, an alteration of Ⓧ, from encircling X (the roman numeral for ten) to indicate the hundredth ten.

(Roman numerals) The cardinal number one thousand (1000).


m

The ordinal number thirteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called em and written in the Latin script.


m

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa. Cognates include Chinese 五 (wǔ) and Burmese ငါး (nga:).


g

The ordinal number seventh, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.


h

The ordinal number eighth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called aitch and written in the Latin script.


n

The ordinal number fourteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.


d

From the Old English lower case letter d, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case d of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛞ.

The ordinal number fourth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called dee and written in the Latin script.


pet

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pętь, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


pet

pẹ̑t (canonical neuter)
pẹ̑t (nominative singular)
pẹ̑t (genitive singular)
pẹ̑t (dative singular)
pẹ̑t (accusative singular)
pẹ̑t (locative singular)
pẹ̑t (instrumental singular)
pẹ̑t (singular vocative)

sl-infl-noun

To express dual and plural, the phrase število pet 'number five' is used, e.g. dve števili pet sta napisani, or, informally, also petka.

From Proto-Slavic *pętь, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


pet

From Proto-Tai *peːtᴰ (“eight”), from Chinese 八 (MC peat, “eight”). Cognate with Thai แปด (bpɛ̀ɛt), Lao ແປດ (pǣt), Lü ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹), Tai Dam ꪵꪜꪒ, Shan ပႅတ်ႇ (pèt), Tai Nüa ᥙᥦᥖᥱ (pǎet), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Bouyei beedt, Zhuang bet.

cog

Lü ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹)


c

head

c (lower case Roman numeral, upper case C)

Lower case form of upper case roman numeral C, a standardization of Ɔ and C because the latter happens to be an abbreviation of Latin centum (“hundred”), from abbreviation of ƆIC, an alternative form of >I<, from tally stick markings resembling Ж (a superimposed X and I), from the practice of designating each tenth X notch with an extra cut.


c

Old English lower case letter c, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case c of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚳ (c, “cen”).

The ordinal number third, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.


s

The ordinal number nineteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.


仟

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


伶

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 人 (“man; person”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs)


什

Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples.


伍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (伍):
* → Japanese: 伍(ご) (go)
* → Korean: 오(伍) (o)

(Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Go

(Mandarin) Tagalog: Wu

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) .

Han compound

伍連德／伍连德 ― Wǔ Liándé ― Wu Lien-teh (Malayan Chinese physician and epidemiologist)

伍家崗區／伍家岗区


佰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ).

Han compound

(archaic) troop of 100 soldiers, or a leader of such unit, centurion


e

The letter name is ultimately from Latin ē. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced, in whole or in part, five futhorc letters in the 7th century: ᛖ (e), ᚫ (æ), ᛠ (ea), ᛇ (eo), and ᛟ (œ).

The ordinal number fifth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.


京

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (京):
* → Japanese: 京(きょう) (kyō); 京(けい) (kei)
* → Korean: 경(京) (gyeong)
* → Vietnamese: kinh (京)

Pictogram (象形) – a tall building. Compare 高.
Either from:
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT), cognate with 岡 (OC *klaːŋ, “hill, crest”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”), Tibetan སྒང་ (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"); or
* of Austroasiatic origin, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *graŋ (“hill, peak”) (Schuessler, 2007), whence Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “peak”) and Old Khmer grāṅ (“hill on flat land”).
Within Chinese, cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “large”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”) (Schuessler, 2007).

inh

京劇／京剧

京腔

Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”). after 1949

Short for 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing”). between 1927–1948

Short for 京都 (jīngdū, “Kyoto”). when referring Japan-related topics


京

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

京人形

京人形 きょうにんぎょう

平城京

平城京 へいじょうきょう

ten quadrillion (short scale); ten thousand billion (long scale); 10¹⁶


倍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːʔ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).

Han compound

一百倍

Classifier for the number of times a value is multiplied: times; -fold


倍

故君民者，子以愛之，則民親之；信以結之，則民不倍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
故君民者，子以爱之，则民亲之；信以结之，则民不倍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

Hence, when the ruler of the people loves them as his sons, they feel to him as a parent; when he binds them to himself by his good faith, they do not turn away from him.

Gù jūn mín zhě, zǐ yǐ ài zhī, zé mín qīn zhī; xìn yǐ jié zhī, zé mín bù bèi. [Pinyin]

Alternative form of 背 (“to give up; to betray; to violate; to have one's back towards”)


兆

Pictogram (象形) – the cracks in a shell during fortune-telling, an omen.
Compare Chepang ह्रावःसा (hrawʔ‑, “to forebode; to portend ill fortune”).

cog

吾力能改葬，終葬汝於先人之兆，然後惟其所願。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
吾力能改葬，终葬汝于先人之兆，然后惟其所愿。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

From: 韓愈 Han Yu 《祭十二郎文》 "Funeral Oration for my Twelfth Nephew", 803 CE.

If I could rebury, I would rebury you in our ancestors' graveyard; only then would it be satisfactory.

Wú lì néng gǎizàng, zhōng zàng rǔ yú xiānrén zhī zhào, ránhòu wéiqí suǒyuàn. [Pinyin]

(chiefly Taiwan) trillion (million million), tera-, 10¹²

專惟君而無他兮，又眾兆之所讎。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
专惟君而无他兮，又众兆之所雠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Verses of Chu, 4ᵗʰ century BCE – 2ⁿᵈ century CE, translated based on David Hawkes' version

I thought of my prince alone, and of no other; and that, too, was a thing that the mob of hundreds of myriads abhorred.

Zhuān wéi jūn ér wú tā xī, yòu zhòngzhào zhī suǒchóu. [Pinyin]

(Mainland China) (SI prefix) million, mega-, 10⁶


兆

Fourth grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)


兆

ja-pos

兆(ちょう) • (chō)

5000兆円欲しい！


и

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script#English

The fourth letter of the Northern Khanty alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


參

参
曑
叄
㕘
叅
参
蔘
*蓡
薓
*葠
叄
㕘
叅
参
叄
㕘
叅
𠫵
叁
叁
参
叄
㕘
叅
参
慘
䟃
参

先王之制，大都不過參國之一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
先王之制，大都不过参国之一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE

According to the regulations of the former kings, such a city of the first order can have its wall only a third as long as that of the capital.

Xiānwáng zhī zhì, dàdū bù guò sān guó zhī yī. [Pinyin]

足下與項王有故，何不反漢與楚連和，參分天下王之？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
足下与项王有故，何不反汉与楚连和，参分天下王之？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Zúxià yǔ Xiàng wáng yǒugù, hé bù fǎn Hàn yǔ Chǔ liánhé, sān fēn tiānxià wàng zhī? [Pinyin]

(obsolete or financial) Alternative form of 三 (“three”)


壹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlid) : semantic 壺 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). (Shuowen)

Han compound

壱
㚃
夁
𡕍
𡔾
𡔹
𡕋

以懲不壹。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
以惩不壹。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

居身儉而用心壹。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
居身俭而用心壹。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
[He] lives [his] body in frugality and uses [his] heart committedly.

壹發五豝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
壹发五豝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version


廿

The pronunciation in most dialects is a contraction of 二十 (èrshí). The irregular pronunciation (e.g. /nVm/) dates back to the Song dynasty, to avoid homophony with a vulgar word; see 入 (rù) (now commonly written as 日 (rì) in dialects).


寡

Shuowen
Warring States period
Western Zhou period
bronze script

In the bronze script from the Western Zhou period, it was originally an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 頁 (“head”) — only one person in the house; alone.
In the bronze script from the Warring States period, two decorative strokes were added around 頁. The seal script found in Shuowen adds two additional strokes, making the component under 宀 appear as 分 and 頁, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 頒 (“to distribute”).
Related to 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”), 孤 (OC *kʷaː, “orphan; alone”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan དགོན་པ (dgon pa, “solitary place; desert; wilderness”), Tibetan སྒོས (sgos, “private; individual”).


拾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjub) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) – to pick up by hand.

Han compound

拾起張紙摺隻小船 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
拾起张纸折只小船 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

I take up a sheet of paper and fold a little boat

sap⁶ hei² zoeng¹ zi² zip³ zek³ siu² syun⁴ [Jyutping]


捌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːd, *praːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 別 (OC *pred, *bred).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”).

Han compound

別
八
仈
白
𧧸
識
曾

(financial) Alternative form of 八 (bā, “eight”)


centennial

From Late Latin centennis (“100-year”) + -al.

a centennial jubilee    a centennial celebration


桶

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).
Compare Khmer ថាំង (thang), Thai ถัง (tǎng).

Han compound

一桶 [Philippine Hokkien] ― chi̍t-tháng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― one million


氕

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 气 (“gas”) + 丿 (“one”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , where 丿 (piě) acts as the phonetic component. Compare 氘 (“deuterium”) and 氚 (“tritium”).
From 丿 (piě, “left falling stroke”) from the glyph, possibly influenced by New Latin protium. In Mandarin, it is pronounced in the first tone by analogy with 氘 (dāo, “deuterium”) and 氚 (chuān, “tritium”).


氘

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 气 (“gas”) + ⿰丿丨 (“two”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , where ⿰丿丨, variant of 刀 (dāo), acts as the phonetic component. Compare 氕 (“protium”) and 氚 (“tritium”).
From 刀 (dāo) from the glyph, possibly influenced by New Latin deuterium.


氚

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 气 (“gas”) + 川 (“three”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , where 川 (chuān) acts as the phonetic component. Compare 氕 (“protium”) and 氘 (“deuterium”).
From 川 (chuān) from the glyph, possibly influenced by New Latin tritium. In Mandarin, it is pronounced in the first tone by analogy with 氕 (piē, “protium”) and 氘 (dāo, “deuterium”).


छ

Inherited from Sanskrit षष् (ṣaṣ), cognate with Hindi छह (chah).


極

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 亟 (OC *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ) – originally meaning a crossbeam rafter.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kak (“expensive; at its peak”) (STEDT). Cognate with 亟 (OC *kɯɡ, “urgent”), 殛 (OC *kɯɡ, “to kill”) (Schuessler, 2007).


cardinal

en-adj

cardinal (comparative more cardinal, superlative most cardinal)

more cardinal (comparative)
most cardinal (superlative)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

Describing a "natural" number used to indicate quantity (e.g., zero, one, two, three), as opposed to an ordinal number indicating relative position.

քանակական

describing a number that indicates quantity


cardinal

en-noun

cardinal (countable and uncountable, plural cardinals)

This cardinal number is the smallest of the infinite cardinal numbers; it is the one to which Cantor has appropriated the Hebrew aleph with the suffix 0, to distinguish it from larger infinite cardinals. Thus the name of the smallest of infinite cardinals is ₀א.

1920, Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, page 83

(mathematics) Short for cardinal number, a number indicating quantity, or the size of a set (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3). (See Cardinal_number.)

cardinal number

The commonest numerals in Latin, as in English, are the "cardinals" […] and the "ordinals" […].

2005, Frederic M. Wheelock, Wheelock's Latin, 6th ed. revised, p.97

cardinal numeral
cardinal numeral#English

(grammar) Short for cardinal numeral, a word used to represent a cardinal number.


澗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn)
For the Hokkien sense of "alleyway; alley; narrow street", possibly a semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) or possibly related to 間／间 (kàn, “gap; partition”) or from Malay pekan as a clipping.

sl

涧
㵎
𡼥
𡼏
礀
磵
𧯎
𧯑


zeroth

The zeroth order polynomial approximation is constant.

(mathematics) In the initial position in a sequence whose elements are numbered starting at zero; the ordinal number corresponding to zero.


溝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).
Possibly the k-prefix noun of 漏 (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007).


溝

ja-pos

溝(こう) • (kō)

[from 17th c.] a hundred nonillion, equivalent to 10³²


玖

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷlɯʔ) : semantic 玉 + phonetic 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ).

Han compound

(financial) Alternative form of 九 (“nine”) (used normally in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)


quadrillion

→ Welsh: cwadriliwn

From French quadrillion, from quadri- (“four”) + -illion.

Previous: trilliard. Next: quadrilliard.

“I’m not sure I understand why we have to send a quadrillion-credit mission to another galaxy.”
He looked fleetingly amused. “Quintillion... and we don’t have a choice, Harper. Any of us, really, but humanity especially.”

2017 November, N. K. Jemisin, Mac Walters, chapter 1, in Mass Effect Andromeda: Initiation, 1st edition (Science Fiction), Titan Books, →OCLC, page 32

Integrating data from all continents and major biomes, we conservatively estimate 20 × 10¹⁵ (20 quadrillion) ants on Earth, with a total biomass of 12 megatons of dry carbon.

2022 September 19, P. Schultheiss et al., “The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, page 1, column 2

(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,000⁴): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 10¹⁵.

modern British and Australian; short scale; modern British and Australian; short scale

կվադրիլիոն

a thousand trillion (1,000,000,000,000,000); a billiard — see also a thousand trillion (1,000,000,000,000,000); a billiard

(dated, UK, Australia, long scale) A million trillion (logic: 1,000,000⁴): 1 followed by twenty-four zeros, 10²⁴.

քառիլիոն

a million trillion, 1024 — see also septillion


quadrillion

They'd never understand — not in a quadrillion years.

1999, Beverly Lewis, A Perfect Match, Bethany House Publishers, page 23

Me, I never refuse a meal, and believe me I seen some heavy weather. I musta flown a quadrillion miles and I never did have a problem.

2000, J. D. Maples, Trojan Steers, Lomaland Books Inc, page 58

The sky is so absolutely clear with a quadrillion stars.

2004, Arthur Kopecky, New Buffalo: journals from a Taos commune, UNM Press, page 143

She's named after this famous singer from a quadrillion years ago.

2006, Evelyn Caro, The Flickering Attic Window, Trafford Publishing, page 8

(figuratively, slang, hyperbolic) Any very large number, exceeding normal description.


quadrillion

Inherited from Middle French quadrillion, from quadri- (“four”) + -illion.


爪

Distantly related with Proto-Mongolic *jaxun (“hundred”), whence Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ (ǰaɣun) (> Mongolian зуу (zuu) and Daur jau).


twenty-six

The cardinal number immediately following twenty-five and preceding twenty-seven.


twenty-nine

The cardinal number immediately following twenty-eight and preceding thirty.

二十九

にじゅうきゅう, nijūkyū, にじゅうく, nijūku


quatre-vingts

Louisiana Creole: katre-vin

From quatre (“four”) and vingt (“twenty”), both of which are derived from Latin. The vigesimal pattern of expressing 80 as 4×20, however, is of Celtic origin; see, for example, Irish fichead. (The Latin for 80 is octōgintā.).


twenty-three

The cardinal number after twenty-two and before twenty-four.


twenty-seven

The cardinal number immediately following twenty-six and preceding twenty-eight.


twenty-eight

The lunar quality of Osiris's body is emphasized by his age of twenty-eight, the number of the phases of the moon.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 217

The cardinal number immediately following twenty-seven and preceding twenty-nine.


twenty-four

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

The cardinal number immediately following twenty-three and preceding twenty-five.


皕

Duplication of 百.
Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi. Sagart (2023c) reconstructs 皕 (OC prik) and proposes that it possibly arose from 二百 (OC *ni[j]-s pˤrak → *ni[j]-s prik) then 皕 (OC prik), with 二 (OC ni[j]-s)'s vowel /i/ and [-pharyngealized] feature speading to 百 (OC *pˤrak).


twenty-five

The cardinal number immediately following twenty-four and preceding twenty-six.

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee


twenty-two

The number after twenty-one and before twenty-three. Represented in Arabic digits as 22.


正

Burmese language
Chepang language
Jingpho language
Khmer language
Mizo language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Thai language
Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 止 (“foot”) – to go on a long journey. Original form of 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go on long campaign”).
Sino-Tibetan or area word: “centre; target; first (month); straight; correct”.
Compare Mizo dîng (“to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct”). Matisoff sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”) for this, which includes 正, 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”).
Additionally, Matisoff has Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”), whence Chepang धेङ्सा (dʰeŋ-, “straight”), Jingpho ding (“straight”), Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight; correct; upright; just; fair”), Burmese တန်း (tan:, “straight; to head straight for”). Also compare Khmer ទៀង (tiĕng, “accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest”) and Thai ดิ่ง (dìng, “vertically; straight; to plummet”).
Derivatives:
* 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go straight > to go on a journey”)
* 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; to govern; government; to determine”)
* 整 (OC *tjeŋʔ, “orderly; to arrange; to dispose”)
For etymology of pronunciation 正 (zhĕng) in the month 正月 (zhēngyuè)'s name, see there.

och-l

正音

正午

而家係五點正。 [Cantonese, trad.]
而家系五点正。 [Cantonese, simp.]

ji⁴ gaa¹ hai⁶ ng⁵ dim² zing³. [Jyutping]


正

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (正):
* → Japanese: 正(しょう) (shō); 正(せい) (sei)
* → Korean: 정(正) (jeong)
* → Vietnamese: chính (正), chánh (正)

desc

Lao: ຈຽງ (chīang, “first month of the lunar year”)

l-lite

Lü: ᦵᦈᧂ (ṫseng, “first month in Dai lunar calendar, starting in November”)

desc

Northern Thai: ᨠ᩠ᨿᨦ (“first month of the lunar year”)

Shan: ၸဵင် (tsǎeng, “first month of the Shan year, starting December-January”)

Ahom: 𑜋𑜢𑜂𑜫 (chiṅ, “first month of the lunar year”)

Vietnamese: giêng (“first month of the Vietnamese lunar year, starting January-February”)

Han compound

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 止 (“foot”)

cog-lite

Mizo dîng (“to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct”)

inh-lite

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”)

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”)

cog-lite

Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight; correct; upright; just; fair”)

cog-lite

Burmese တန်း (tan:, “straight; to head straight for”)

cog-lite

Khmer ទៀង (tiĕng, “accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest”)

cog-lite

Thai ดิ่ง (dìng, “vertically; straight; to plummet”)

och-l

征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go straight > to go on a journey”)

政 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; to govern; government; to determine”)

整 (OC *tjeŋʔ, “orderly; to arrange; to dispose”)


twenty-one

The cardinal number occurring after twenty and before twenty-two, represented in Roman numerals as XXI and in Arabic numerals as 21.


秭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsiʔ) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 𠂔.

Han compound

a numeral that refers to various numbers, including 10⁹, 10¹² and 10²⁴


ordinal

Borrowed from Latin ōrdinālis, adjective formed from noun ōrdō (“order”), + adjective suffix -ālis.

The most common numerals in Latin, as in English, are the "cardinals"[…]and the "ordinals"[…]

2005, F. M. Wheelock, Wheelock’s Latin, 6th revised edition, page 97

An ordinal number such as first, second and third.

niver petvediñ (pl niveroù petvediñ)

ordinal number — see also ordinal number


fier

Inherited from Central Franconian vier, from Middle High German vier, from Old High German fior, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.
Cognate with German vier and Luxembourgish véier.

Ich hon fier Menner gesihn.


肆

(financial) Alternative form of 四 (“four”) (used in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)


oh

From Middle English o, oo, from Old English ō, from Latin ō.

One genuine recycled local glass of aitch-two-oh

Exes and Ohs: A Downtown Girl's (Mostly Awkward) Tales of Love, Lust, Revenge, and a Little Facebook Stalking

2011, Shallon Lester, (Please provide the book title or journal name)

The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.


εννέα

Probably a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa), from Proto-Hellenic *ennéwə, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.
Compare the inherited εννιά (enniá), Mariupol Greek энэ́я (enéja).


τέσσερα

head

τέσσερα • (téssera) n (masculine and feminine τέσσερις)

téssera (romanization)
τέσσερις (feminine masculine)

El-τέσσερα.ogg

From Ancient Greek τέσσᾰρᾰ (téssara), neuter form of τέσσᾰρες (téssares).
Cognate with Mariupol Greek тэ́сера (tésjera).


έντεκα

έντεκα • (énteka)

el-numeral

έντεκα • (énteka)

From Ancient Greek ἕνδεκᾰ (héndeka).
Cognate with Mariupol Greek э́ндэка (éndeka), э́ндека (éndjeka).


έξι

From Ancient Greek ἕξ (héx), from Proto-Hellenic *hwéks, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.
Compare Mariupol Greek экс (eks).


ένας

head

ένας • (énas) m

énas (romanization)
ένας (masculine nominative)
μια (feminine nominative)
μία (feminine nominative)
ένα (neuter nominative)
ενός (genitive masculine)
μιας (feminine genitive)
μίας (feminine genitive)
ενός (genitive neuter)
ένα (accusative masculine)
έναν (accusative masculine)
μια (accusative feminine)
μία (accusative feminine)
μιαν (accusative feminine)
μίαν (accusative feminine)
ένα (accusative neuter)

From Byzantine Greek ἕνας (hénas), from Ancient Greek ἕνα (héna) the accusative of εἷς (heîs), from Proto-Hellenic *hens, *hmia, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm, *smih₂.


επτά

From Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”), from Proto-Hellenic *heptə́, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.
Cognate with Mariupol Greek эфта́ (eftá).


τρία

τρία • (tría) n (masculine and feminine τρεις)

tría (romanization)
τρεις (feminine masculine)

Τροία (Troía)

From Ancient Greek τρία (tría), neuter form of τρεῖς (treîs), from Proto-Hellenic *tréyes, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.
Compare Mariupol Greek три́я (tríja).


δέκα

grc-num

δέκᾰ • (déka) (ordinal δέκᾰτος, adverbial δεκᾰ́κῐς)

δέκᾰ (canonical)
déka (romanization)
δέκᾰτος (ordinal)
δεκᾰ́κῐς (adverbial)

Greek: δέκα (déka)

desc

Mariupol Greek: дъэ́ка (ðéka), дъе́ка (ðjéka)

→ English: deca-

From Proto-Hellenic *dékə, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognates include Sanskrit दश (dáśa), Latin decem, Old Armenian տասն (tasn) and Old English tīen (English ten).


δέκα

From Ancient Greek δέκα (déka), from Proto-Hellenic *dékə, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.
Cognate with Mariupol Greek дъэ́ка (ðéka), дъе́ка (ðjéka).


δώδεκα

grc-num

δώδεκᾰ • (dṓdeka) (ordinal δωδέκᾰτος, adverbial δωδεκᾰ́κῐς)

δώδεκᾰ (canonical)
dṓdeka (romanization)
δωδέκᾰτος (ordinal)
δωδεκᾰ́κῐς (adverbial)

Greek: δώδεκα (dódeka)

desc

Mariupol Greek: дъо́дъэка (ðóðeka), дъо́дъека (ðóðjeka)

Sicilian: dùdica-

From Proto-Indo-European *dwoΗdeḱm̥. Cognates include Sanskrit द्वादश (dvā́daśa) and Latin duodecim.


δώδεκα

head

δώδεκα • (dódeka)

el-numeral

δώδεκα • (dódeka)

From Ancient Greek δώδεκα (dṓdeka), from Proto-Indo-European *dwoΗdeḱm̥.
Cognate with Mariupol Greek дъо́дъэка (ðóðeka), дъо́дъека (ðóðjeka).


δύο

grc-num

δύο • (dúo) (ordinal δεύτερος, adverbial δίς)

dúo (romanization)
δεύτερος (ordinal)
δίς (adverbial)
δῠ́ο (dual nominative)
δῠ́ο (nominative plural)
δῠοῖν (dual genitive)
δῠεῖν (dual genitive)
δῠῶν (genitive plural)
δῠοῖν (dative dual)
δῠεῖν (dative dual)
δῠσῐ́ (dative plural)
δῠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
δῠοῖσῐ (dative plural)
dusí (dative plural)
dusín (dative plural)
duoîsi (dative plural)
δῠ́ο (accusative dual)
δῠ́ο (accusative plural)
δῠ́ο (dual vocative)
δῠ́ο (plural vocative)

grc-decl

δῠοῖν, δῠεῖν

δῠσῐ́(ν), δῠοῖσῐ

* The genitive and dative dual δῠεῖν (dueîn) is found mainly in later Attic (especially in the feminine).

Greek: δύο (dýo, “two”)

From Proto-Hellenic *dúwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Cognates include Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Old Armenian երկու (erku), Latin duo, and Old English twā (English two).


δύο

From Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), from Proto-Hellenic *dúwō, from Proto-Indo-European *duwó, *duwéh₃ (*dwóh₁).
Compare Mariupol Greek дъы́я (ðýja), дъи́я (ðíja).


douze

Louisiana Creole: douz

Inherited from Old French doze, from Latin duodecim.


douze

From Old French doze, from Latin duodecim.


quinque

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tsintsi

Istro-Romanian: ćinć

Megleno-Romanian: tsints, ținți

Romanian: cinci

Dalmatian:

cionco

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: cinque, cinqui

Italian: cinque

→ Sabir: cinque

Neapolitan: cinco

Sicilian: cincu

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: chimbe (Logudorese), cincu (Campidanese)

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: çìnque

Old Lombard: zinqui

Lombard: cinch

Piedmontese: sinch

Romagnol: zéncv

Emilian: zénc

Friulian: cinc

Istriot: sinque

Ladin: cinch

Romansch: tschintg, tschun (Sursilvan); tschentg (Sutsilvan); tschinch (Puter, Vallader)

Venetian: sinque, zsinque

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cinq

desctree

Old French: cinc, cinq, chink, cinque
Gallo: sinq, sin
Middle French: cinq (see there for further descendants)
Norman: chînq, chinq (Guernsey); chin (continental), chin
Walloon: cénk

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cinc

Occitan: cinc

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: cinco

Aragonese: zinco, cinco

Old Leonese: cincu

Asturian: cinco, cincu

Extremaduran: cincu

Leonese: cincu

Mirandese: cinco

Old Galician-Portuguese: cinco, cinque

Galician: cinco

Portuguese: cinco (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: cinco

Ladino: sinko

Spanish: cinco (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (the Italic *kʷ-kʷ, which developed by a consonant shift from *p-kʷ, is also found in words like coquō; compare proto-Celtic *kʷinkʷe). Cognates include Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Old Armenian հինգ (hing), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 (fimf) and Old English fīf (English five). Doublet of Pompeii.

Iam tempora Titan quinque per autumnos repetiti duxerat anni

Now Titan had led time through five autumn seasons

acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas

Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and brake, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.


septem

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: shapti, shapte

Istro-Romanian: șåpte

Megleno-Romanian: șapti

Romanian: șapte

Dalmatian:

sapto

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sette, setti

Gallurese: setti

Italian: sette

Neapolitan: sette

Sassarese: setti

Sicilian: setti, sietti

North Italian:

Emilian: sêt

Friulian: siet

Istriot: siete

Ladin: set

Romansch: set, siat, seat

Venetian: sete

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sèpt

Old French: set
Middle French: sept
French: sept
Norman: sept, saept (Guernsey)
Walloon: set

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: set

Occitan: sèt

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: siet, siete

Asturian: siete

Old Galician-Portuguese: sete

Portuguese: sete
Kadiwéu: seete
Macanese: séti

Galician: sete

Spanish: siete
→ Ilocano: siete
→ Tagalog: siyete

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sete, seti

[ˈs̠ɛpt̪ɛ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *septem, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.
Cognates include Sanskrit सप्तन् (saptán), Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá), Old English seofon (English seven) and Old Church Slavonic седмь (sedmĭ).

at Nileus, qui se genitum septemplice Nilo ementitus erat, clipeo quoque flumina septem argento partim, partim caelaverat auro

But Nileus, who falsely claimed he was born of the seven-fold Nile, had upon [his] shield the seven streams, part in silver and part engraved in gold

quam diligens Iacob ait serviam tibi pro Rahel filia tua minore septem annis

And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.


treize

Louisiana Creole: trèz

Inherited from Middle French treize, from Old French treize, treze, from Latin tredecim.


treize

From Old French treize, treze, from Latin tredecim.