alphabetical

[ˌælfəˈbɛɾɪkəl]

From Latin alphabēticus + -al. By surface analysis, alphabet + -ical.

We used to publish two, or sometimes three, alphabeticals a year and I am proposing to resume the same sort of frequency.

2015 March 13, Hugh Stephenson, “A to Z”, in The Guardian:

alphabetical jigsaw
alphabetical jigsaw#English

(crosswording) Short for alphabetical jigsaw.


Traditional Chinese

/tɹəˈdɪʃənəl tʃaɪˈniːz/

Chinese written using the traditional form of Chinese characters, as opposed to Simplified Chinese (introduced by the PRC as script reform).

حُرُوف صِينِيَّة تَقْلِيدِيَّة

Chinese written using traditional characters


Simplified Chinese

Chinese written using the forms of Chinese characters introduced by the PRC as script reform. The characters are simplified (with a reduced number of strokes, etc.) compared to their pre-reform shapes.

حُرُوف صِينِيَّة مُبَسَّطَة

Chinese written using simplified characters


alphabet

From Middle English alphabete, borrowed from Classical Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos), from ἄλφα (álpha) and βῆτα (bêta), the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, Α (A) and Β (B), lowercase forms α and β. The Greek names derived from aleph, the name of the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “ox”) and beth, the name of the letter 𐤁 (b, “house”), so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs F1 (𓃾) and pr (𓉐).
 Doublet of alfabeto.

The Greek alphabet has only twenty-four letters.

In the first year of school, pupils are taught to recite the alphabet.

The set of letters used when writing in a language.

алфавит

an ordered set of letters used in a language

A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)

A writing system in which there are letters for the consonant and vowel phonemes. (Contrast e.g. abjad.)

(Internet slang, politics) An agent of the FBI, the CIA, or another such government agency.


Greek

en-proper noun

Greek (countable and uncountable, plural Greeks)

Greeks (plural)
Gr. (alternative)
Greeke (alternative)

Inherited from Old English Grēcas (“Greeks”), variant of Crēcas, from Proto-West Germanic *Krēkō, from Latin Graecus of uncertain origin, perhaps derived from the toponym Γραῖα (Graîa) or from other Paleo-Balkanic forms from a tribal name Graii.
Greek in any case has the cognate Γραικός (Graikós), the mythological ancestor of the Γραίοι (Graíoi, “Graecians”). Germanic cognates include Dutch Griek, German Grieche. The ⟨g⟩ in English and Germanic cognates was restored under influence from French grec and classical Latin Graecus. The adjective dates to 14th-century Middle English, replacing Old English Grēċisċ (“Greekish”) and earlier Middle English Gregeis. In reference to fraternities and sororities, a clipping of earlier Greek-letter in reference to their usual names being initialisms of mottos in the Greek language. In reference to terms used to analysize financial derivatives, from their usual names consisting of Greek letters.

inh+

The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly, depending on context, Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.


Hebrew

en-noun

Hebrew (countable and uncountable, plural Hebrews)

From Middle English Ebreu, from Old French Ebreu, from Latin hebraeus or hebraicus, from Ancient Greek Ἑβραῖος (Hebraîos), from Aramaic עִבְרַי (ʿiḇray), from Hebrew עִבְרִי (ʿiḇrī́).

der

Hebrew עִבְרִי (ʿiḇrī́)

(uncountable) The writing system used in Hebrew language.


Thai

en-noun

Thai (countable and uncountable, plural Thai or Thais)

Borrowed from Thai ไทย (tai). Doublet of Tai and Dai.

(uncountable) The main language spoken in Thailand (closely related to Lao).


Arabic

General American, Canada, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Latin arabicus, from Arabia + -icus, from Ancient Greek Ἀραβία (Arabía), ultimately from the Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).

Arabical (alternative)
Arabick (alternative)

We’d gone to Arabic school as children and taken lessons in the summer holidays, and I still read the news in Arabic, but it wasn’t like I practised reciting the written language any more, with its complex rhythms and grammatical structures.

2023, Isabella Hammad, Enter Ghost, Jonathan Cape, page 74:

A major Semitic language originating from the Arabian peninsula, and now spoken natively (in various spoken dialects, all sharing a single highly conservative standardized literary form) throughout large sections of the Middle East and North Africa.


International Phonetic Alphabet

the International Phonetic Alphabet (canonical)

/ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəl fəˈnɛtɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/

[ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəɫ fəˈnɛtɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt]

/ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/

[ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt]

The International Phonetic Alphabet is commonly used in books about Shanghainese because none of the existing romanizations are very popular.

(phonetics, phonology) A standardized set of symbols for representing the sounds of human speech.

اَلْأَبْجَدِيَّة الصَّوْتِيَّة الدُّوَلِيَّة

الْأَلِفْبَائِيَّة الصَّوْتِيَّة الدُّوَلِيَّة

халкьуннал дянивсса фонетикалул алфавит

xalqʼunnal daˤniws:a fonetikalul alfawit

אינטערנאַציאָנאַלער פֿאָנעטישער אַלפֿאַבעט


kanji

kanji (Chinese characters in Japanese context)


romaji

romaji (countable and uncountable, plural romajis)

romajis (plural)
Romaji (alternative)
Rōmaji (alternative)
Roma-ji (alternative)
Rōma-ji (alternative)
roma-ji (alternative)
rōmaji (alternative)
romanji (alternative)

/ˈɹəʊməd͡ʒi/

/ɹəʊˈmɑːd͡ʒi/

Transliteration from Japanese ローマ字(じ) (rōmaji, literally “Roman letters”).

ja-r

The romaji of the word ローマ字 is “rōmaji”.

The katakana and the hiragana are syllabic forms of writing derived from Chinese characters, while the romaji are the letters used in writing most European languages.

For example, in Japanese advertisements sexy and my house often appear in romaji, making the underlying concepts of eroticism and private ownership more exotic.

2006, Ralph Fasold, Jeffrey Connor-Linton, An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, page 410:

Today people ordinarily use kana-kanji conversion systems for inputting Japanese text. Because many of them can touch-type the romajis for the kanas, the O-code with kana-kanji conversion is more accessible.

2011, T Okadome, J Nakajima, S Ito, K Kakusho, “An Accessible Coded Input Method for Japanese Extensive Writing”, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Advances in Text Input Methods:

A representation of Japanese in Latin script.


hanja

Borrowed from Korean 한자(漢字) (hanja), from Middle Chinese 漢字 (MC xanH dziH, “Chinese character”, literally “Han Chinese + character”).
Compare Cantonese 漢字 /汉字 (hon³ zi⁶), Japanese 漢字 (kanji), Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (hànzì), Vietnamese Hán tự. Doublet of kanji and Hanzi.

ltc-l

The Han character script used to write Korean, particularly in classical literature.

hanja

Any individual Han character as used in the Korean language.


Kannada

From Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ (kannaḍa). Doublet of Canara.

The Dravidian language that is the official language of the state of Karnataka, India.

The alphasyllabary used to write the aforementioned language, along with Konkani and Tulu.


Armenian

(uncountable) The language of Armenia and the Armenian people, whose older stages are Old Armenian and Middle Armenian.


ABC

ja-noun

ABC(エービーシー) • (ēbīshī)

[e̞ːbʲiːɕiː]


ABC

ABCs (plural)
a-bê-cê (alternative)
á-bê-cê (alternative)
abecê (alternative)
abc (alternative)

From A + B + C, the first letters of the Latin alphabet (and thus the Portuguese alphabet). Some of the alternate spellings are derived from the writing-out of each letter's name: a or á, bê, cê.


Wade-Giles

Wade-Giles (transcription system for Mandarin)


Georgian

en-noun

Georgian (countable and uncountable, plural Georgians)

/ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/

(uncountable) The language of Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

(countable) A person or a descendant of a person from Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

United States of America
United States of America

(countable) A native or resident of the state of Georgia in the United States of America.

Iberian

native or resident of the Eurasian country of Georgia

goober

native or resident of the US state of Georgia


Georgian

/ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/

Of, from, or pertaining to the U.S. State of Georgia or its Georgian English dialect.


Lao

Lao (countable and uncountable, plural Lao or Laos)

(countable) A Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia.

(uncountable) The official language of Laos that is closely related to Thai.


Lao

Of, from, or pertaining to Laos, the Lao people or their Kra-Dai Lao language.

Laosiaans

of, from, or pertaining to Laos, the people or their language


Lao

A barangay of Ormoc, Leyte, Philippines.


Telugu

Telegu (alternative)
Telugoo (alternative)
Teloogoo (alternative)

The train rumbled between narrow buildings with flat roofs and multicoloured walls, Telugu script crawling like creepers over them.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 497:


Burmese

Of or relating to Burma (Myanmar) or its people or language.


kwukyel

Borrowed from kwūkyel, the Yale romanization of Korean 구결(口訣) (gugyeol), from Middle Chinese 口訣 (MC khuwX kwet, “mnemonic rhyme”), from 口 (kǒu, “mouth”) + 訣 /诀 (jué, “rhymed saying”).

compound

gugyeol (alternative)
kugyŏl (alternative)

Abbreviated Chinese characters used to represent Korean grammatical items, inserted into a Chinese-character (Classical Chinese or itwu) text.


Gothic

From Late Latin gothicus (“Gothic, barbaric”), from Ancient Greek Γοτθικός (Gotthikós), from Ancient Greek Γότθοι (Gótthoi, “Goths”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), proposed to derive from unattested Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta). Equivalent to Goth + -ic. The various usages of the adjective are introduced nearly simultaneously in the first half of the 17th century. The literal meaning “of the Goths” is found in the 1611 preface of the King James Bible, in reference to the Gothicke tongue. The generalized meaning of “Germanic, Teutonic” appears in the 1640s. Reference to the medieval period in Western Europe, and specifically the architecture of that period (“barbaric style”, initially a term of abuse), also appears in the 1640s, as does reference to “Gothic characters” or “Gothic letters” in typography.

der

gothic (alternative)
Gothick (alternative)
goffick (alternative)

An extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths.


Gothic

en-adj

Gothic (comparative more Gothic, superlative most Gothic)

more Gothic (comparative)
most Gothic (superlative)
gothic (alternative)
Gothick (alternative)
goffick (alternative)

готически

of the type formerly used for printing German

“[W]hat he holds of all things to be most gothic, is gallantry to the women.”

1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, II.iii.6:

Enormities which gleam like comets through the darkness of gothic and superstitious ages.

1812 letter, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Prose Works, volume II, quoted in OED, published 1888, page 384:

(figuratively) Barbarous, rude, unpolished, belonging to the “Dark Ages”, medieval as opposed to classical.

Gothic letters

black letter
black letter#English:_typography

(typography, England) Synonym of black letter


Gothic

Gothics (plural)
gothic (alternative)
Gothick (alternative)
goffick (alternative)

One hundred fifty Gothics sold over 1.5 million copies a month last spring.

1996, Nora Sayre, Sixties going on seventies, page 180:


簡體

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːn³⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːn³⁵ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe⁴¹/


Bengali

en-noun

Bengali (countable and uncountable, plural Bengalis)

Bengalis (plural)
Bangalee (alternative)
Bengalee (alternative)
Bangali (alternative)

Equivalent to Bengal + -i. Compare Assamese বঙালী (boṅali), Bengali বাঙ্গালী (baṅgali), Hindi बंगाली (baṅgālī), Classical Persian بنگالی (bangālī).

(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.

बंगाली भाषा

baṅgālī bhāṣā

बाङ्गला भाषा

bāṅgalā bhāṣā


Gujarati

/ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/

/ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/

Borrowed from Gujarati ગુજરાતી (gujrātī).

Gujerati (alternative)
Gujrati (alternative)
Goojratee (alternative)
Gujratee (alternative)
Guzarati (alternative)
Guzerati (alternative)

The Indic language spoken in the state of Gujarat, India


Malayalam

From Malayalam മലയാളം (malayāḷaṁ), from മല (mala, “hill, mountain”) + അളം (aḷaṁ, “place”).

Padmanabhan uttered a command in Malayalam, the regional language.

2012 April 30, Jake Halpern, “The Secret of the Temple”, in The New Yorker:

A Dravidian language spoken in the states of Kerala and Lakshadweep, India.


Sinhalese

Sinhalese (countable and uncountable, plural Sinhalese)

Sinhalese (plural)
Singalese (alternative)
Singhalese (alternative)
Cinghalese (alternative)
Cingalese (alternative)

(uncountable) The Indo-Aryan language of the Sinhalese people.


Tamil

Tamil (countable and uncountable, plural Tamils)

Borrowed from Tamil தமிழ் (tamiḻ, “Tamil”); see that entry for theories.

(uncountable) A Dravidian language spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India and in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia.


Khmer

From Khmer ខ្មែរ (khmae).
Attributed to the Pali term khemara (“one who is wholesome”). The elision form, ក្មេរ (kmera), is found in ancient stone inscriptions, or a borrowing from Northern Khmer เขมร (/khmɛːr/).

Despite my mother speaking Khmer to us at home, I hadn’t retained it through my formative years.

2024, Kaliane Bradley, The Ministry of Time, Sceptre, page 6:

The national language of Cambodia, part of the Mon-Khmer language family.

An abugida used to write the Khmer language and sometimes Pali.


Khmer

A member of an ethnolinguistic group that constitutes most of the population of Cambodia.


Khmer

en-adj

Khmer (comparative more Khmer, superlative most Khmer)

more Khmer (comparative)
most Khmer (superlative)

Of or pertaining to the Khmer people or their language.

خِمِيرِيّ

of or pertaining to the Khmer people or their language


Cherokee

/ˌt͡ʃɛ.ɹəˈkiː/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Cherokee.wav

Most likely from the Cherokee autonym ᏣᎳᎩ (tsalagi). Derivation from a Choctaw exonym meaning "those who live in caves" (compare chiluk (“cave”)) has also been suggested — the Iroquois term for the Cherokee was Oyata'ge'ronon (“inhabitants of the cave country”) — as has derivation from a Creek term for "person(s) who speak(s) a non-Creek language" (see celokketv (“to speak a non-creek language”)).
Whatever its origin, the ethnonym entered European languages at an early date, perhaps as early as the 1670s; in Spanish, the people are called the Tchalaquei as early as 1755.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Swain County and Jackson County, North Carolina, capital of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians

A city, the county seat of Alfalfa County, Oklahoma.

An unincorporated community in Grainger County, Tennessee.

An unincorporated community in San Saba County, Texas.

An unincorporated community in Hull, Marathon County, Wisconsin.


漢字

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (漢字):
* → Japanese: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Okinawan: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Korean: 한자(漢字) (hanja)
* → Vietnamese: Hán tự (漢字)

→ English: Hanzi, hanzi

→ French: hanzi

→ German: Hanzi

→ Indonesian: honji, hanzi

→ Malay: hanzi

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: ханз (xanz)

Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ (qanǰi)

→ Russian: ханьцзы́ (xanʹczý)

→ Spanish: hanzi

→ Swedish: hanzi

desc

→ Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)

→ Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)

→ Turkish: hanzi

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/haŋ⁴² t͡sɵ²¹/

/han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/

/hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/haŋ⁴² t͡sɵ²¹/

/han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/

/hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

Xiǎnzōng said: “Every day first teach hanzi, until 3–5pm when hanzi class ends. Teach the Jurchen people small characters, and they will learn the language of this dynasty.”

1343-1345, 《金史·卷九十八·完顏匡》 (History of Jin)

Xiǎnzōng yuē: “Měirì xiān jiào hànzì, zhì shēn shí hànzì kè bì, jiào nǚzhí xiǎo zì, xí guócháo yǔ.”

顯宗曰：「每日先教漢字，至申時漢字課畢，教女直小字，習國朝語。」

显宗曰：「每日先教汉字，至申时汉字课毕，教女直小字，习国朝语。」

Yes, Chinese characters are a treasure passed down from antiquity, but our ancestors are even more ancient, so we are more so a treasure passed down from antiquity. Will we sacrifice Chinese characters for our sake, or will we sacrifice ourselves for the sake of Chinese characters?

1934, 魯迅 (Lu Xun) 《漢字和拉丁化》 (Han character and its Latinization)

Bùcuò, hànzì shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi, dàn wǒmen de zǔxiān, bǐ hànzì hái yào gǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen gèng shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi. Wèi hànzì ér xīshēng wǒmen, háishì wèi wǒmen ér xīshēng hànzì ne?

不錯，漢字是古代傳下來的寶貝，但我們的祖先，比漢字還要古，所以我們更是古代傳下來的寶貝。爲漢字而犧牲我們，還是爲我們而犧牲漢字呢？

不错，汉字是古代传下来的宝贝，但我们的祖先，比汉字还要古，所以我们更是古代传下来的宝贝。为汉字而牺牲我们，还是为我们而牺牲汉字呢？


漢字

→ English: Kanji, kanji

→ French: kanji

→ German: Kanji

→ Indonesian: kanji

→ Portuguese: kanji

→ Russian: кандзи́ (kandzí)

→ Spanish: kanji

→ Thai: คันจิ (kan-jì)

From Middle Chinese compound 漢字 (MC xanH dziH, literally “Han Chinese + character”). Compare modern Mandarin 漢字／汉字 (hànzì), Hokkien 漢字 /汉字 (hàn-jī / hàn-lī).

zh-l

漢字／汉字 (hànzì)


漢字

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as かんじ. Borrowed from Japanese 漢字 (kanji).

ryu-OG

(hapax, ghost word, obsolete) kanji; Chinese character


katakana

en-noun

katakana (countable and uncountable, plural katakana or katakanas)

or katakanas (katakana plural)
katagana (alternative)

/ˌkætəˈkænə/

/ˌkætəˈkɑːnə/

/ˌkɑtəˈkɑːnə/

(uncountable) A Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase. Also used to write the Ainu language.


katakana

katakana (nominative singular)
katakany (nominative plural)
katakany (genitive singular)
katakan (genitive plural)
katakaně (dative singular)
katakanám (dative plural)
katakanu (accusative singular)
katakany (accusative plural)
katakano (singular vocative)
katakany (plural vocative)
katakaně (locative singular)
katakanách (locative plural)
katakanou (instrumental singular)
katakanami (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Japanese 片(かた)仮(か)名(な) (katakana).


katakana

katakana (nominative singular)
katakanat (nominative plural)
katakana (accusative nominative singular)
katakanat (accusative nominative plural)
katakanan (accusative genitive singular)
katakanat (accusative genitive plural)
katakanan (genitive singular)
katakanojen (genitive plural)
katakanain (genitive plural rare)
katakanaa (partitive singular)
katakanoja (partitive plural)
katakanassa (inessive singular)
katakanoissa (inessive plural)
katakanasta (elative singular)
katakanoista (elative plural)
katakanaan (illative singular)
katakanoihin (illative plural)
katakanalla (adessive singular)
katakanoilla (adessive plural)
katakanalta (ablative singular)
katakanoilta (ablative plural)
katakanalle (allative singular)
katakanoille (allative plural)
katakanana (essive singular)
katakanoina (essive plural)
katakanaksi (singular translative)
katakanoiksi (plural translative)
katakanatta (abessive singular)
katakanoitta (abessive plural)
katakanoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
katakanani (nominative singular)
katakanani (nominative plural)
katakanani (accusative nominative singular)
katakanani (accusative nominative plural)
katakanani (accusative genitive singular)
katakanani (accusative genitive plural)
katakanani (genitive singular)
katakanojeni (genitive plural)
katakanaini (genitive plural rare)
katakanaani (partitive singular)
katakanojani (partitive plural)
katakanassani (inessive singular)
katakanoissani (inessive plural)
katakanastani (elative singular)
katakanoistani (elative plural)
katakanaani (illative singular)
katakanoihini (illative plural)
katakanallani (adessive singular)
katakanoillani (adessive plural)
katakanaltani (ablative singular)
katakanoiltani (ablative plural)
katakanalleni (allative singular)
katakanoilleni (allative plural)
katakananani (essive singular)
katakanoinani (essive plural)
katakanakseni (singular translative)
katakanoikseni (plural translative)
katakanattani (abessive singular)
katakanoittani (abessive plural)
katakanoineni (comitative plural)
katakanasi (nominative singular)
katakanasi (nominative plural)
katakanasi (accusative nominative singular)
katakanasi (accusative nominative plural)
katakanasi (accusative genitive singular)
katakanasi (accusative genitive plural)
katakanasi (genitive singular)
katakanojesi (genitive plural)
katakanaisi (genitive plural rare)
katakanaasi (partitive singular)
katakanojasi (partitive plural)
katakanassasi (inessive singular)
katakanoissasi (inessive plural)
katakanastasi (elative singular)
katakanoistasi (elative plural)
katakanaasi (illative singular)
katakanoihisi (illative plural)
katakanallasi (adessive singular)
katakanoillasi (adessive plural)
katakanaltasi (ablative singular)
katakanoiltasi (ablative plural)
katakanallesi (allative singular)
katakanoillesi (allative plural)
katakananasi (essive singular)
katakanoinasi (essive plural)
katakanaksesi (singular translative)
katakanoiksesi (plural translative)
katakanattasi (abessive singular)
katakanoittasi (abessive plural)
katakanoinesi (comitative plural)
katakanamme (nominative singular)
katakanamme (nominative plural)
katakanamme (accusative nominative singular)
katakanamme (accusative nominative plural)
katakanamme (accusative genitive singular)
katakanamme (accusative genitive plural)
katakanamme (genitive singular)
katakanojemme (genitive plural)
katakanaimme (genitive plural rare)
katakanaamme (partitive singular)
katakanojamme (partitive plural)
katakanassamme (inessive singular)
katakanoissamme (inessive plural)
katakanastamme (elative singular)
katakanoistamme (elative plural)
katakanaamme (illative singular)
katakanoihimme (illative plural)
katakanallamme (adessive singular)
katakanoillamme (adessive plural)
katakanaltamme (ablative singular)
katakanoiltamme (ablative plural)
katakanallemme (allative singular)
katakanoillemme (allative plural)
katakananamme (essive singular)
katakanoinamme (essive plural)
katakanaksemme (singular translative)
katakanoiksemme (plural translative)
katakanattamme (abessive singular)
katakanoittamme (abessive plural)
katakanoinemme (comitative plural)
katakananne (nominative singular)
katakananne (nominative plural)
katakananne (accusative nominative singular)
katakananne (accusative nominative plural)
katakananne (accusative genitive singular)
katakananne (accusative genitive plural)
katakananne (genitive singular)
katakanojenne (genitive plural)
katakanainne (genitive plural rare)
katakanaanne (partitive singular)
katakanojanne (partitive plural)
katakanassanne (inessive singular)
katakanoissanne (inessive plural)
katakanastanne (elative singular)
katakanoistanne (elative plural)
katakanaanne (illative singular)
katakanoihinne (illative plural)
katakanallanne (adessive singular)
katakanoillanne (adessive plural)
katakanaltanne (ablative singular)
katakanoiltanne (ablative plural)
katakanallenne (allative singular)
katakanoillenne (allative plural)
katakanananne (essive singular)
katakanoinanne (essive plural)
katakanaksenne (singular translative)
katakanoiksenne (plural translative)
katakanattanne (abessive singular)
katakanoittanne (abessive plural)
katakanoinenne (comitative plural)
katakanansa (nominative singular)
katakanansa (nominative plural)
katakanansa (accusative nominative singular)
katakanansa (accusative nominative plural)
katakanansa (accusative genitive singular)
katakanansa (accusative genitive plural)
katakanansa (genitive singular)
katakanojensa (genitive plural)
katakanainsa (genitive plural rare)
katakanaansa (partitive singular)
katakanojaan (partitive plural)
katakanojansa (partitive plural)
katakanassaan (inessive singular)
katakanassansa (inessive singular)
katakanoissaan (inessive plural)
katakanoissansa (inessive plural)
katakanastaan (elative singular)
katakanastansa (elative singular)
katakanoistaan (elative plural)
katakanoistansa (elative plural)
katakanaansa (illative singular)
katakanoihinsa (illative plural)
katakanallaan (adessive singular)
katakanallansa (adessive singular)
katakanoillaan (adessive plural)
katakanoillansa (adessive plural)
katakanaltaan (ablative singular)
katakanaltansa (ablative singular)
katakanoiltaan (ablative plural)
katakanoiltansa (ablative plural)
katakanalleen (allative singular)
katakanallensa (allative singular)
katakanoilleen (allative plural)
katakanoillensa (allative plural)
katakananaan (essive singular)
katakananansa (essive singular)
katakanoinaan (essive plural)
katakanoinansa (essive plural)
katakanakseen (singular translative)
katakanaksensa (singular translative)
katakanoikseen (plural translative)
katakanoiksensa (plural translative)
katakanattaan (abessive singular)
katakanattansa (abessive singular)
katakanoittaan (abessive plural)
katakanoittansa (abessive plural)
katakanoineen (comitative plural)
katakanoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈkɑ̝t̪ɑ̝ˌkɑ̝nɑ̝]


katakana

fr-noun

katakana m (plural katakana or katakanas)


katakana

katakana (nominative singular)
katakany (genitive singular)
katakanie (dative singular)
katakanę (accusative singular)
katakaną (instrumental singular)
katakanie (locative singular)
katakano (singular vocative)

katakana (Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase; also used to write the Ainu language)


katakana

sh-noun

katakàna f (Cyrillic spelling катака̀на)

katakàna (canonical feminine)
катака̀на (Cyrillic)
katakàna (nominative singular)
katakane (genitive singular)
katakani (dative singular)
katakanu (accusative singular)
katakano (singular vocative)
katakani (locative singular)
katakanom (instrumental singular)


Glagolitic alphabet

(linguistics) The Glagolitic writing system, the oldest known Slavonic alphabet.


hiragana

en-noun

hiragana (countable and uncountable, plural hiraganas or hiragana)

hiraganas (plural)
hiragana (plural)
hirakana (alternative)
firagana (alternative)

/ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡæ.nə/

/ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡɑː.nə/

(uncountable) The main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings.


hiragana

hiragana (nominative singular)
hiragany (nominative plural)
hiragany (genitive singular)
hiragan (genitive plural)
hiraganě (dative singular)
hiraganám (dative plural)
hiraganu (accusative singular)
hiragany (accusative plural)
hiragano (singular vocative)
hiragany (plural vocative)
hiraganě (locative singular)
hiraganách (locative plural)
hiraganou (instrumental singular)
hiraganami (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Japanese 平(ひら)仮(が)名(な) (hiragana).


hiragana

hiragana (nominative singular)
hiraganat (nominative plural)
hiragana (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganat (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganan (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganat (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganan (genitive singular)
hiraganojen (genitive plural)
hiraganain (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaa (partitive singular)
hiraganoja (partitive plural)
hiraganassa (inessive singular)
hiraganoissa (inessive plural)
hiraganasta (elative singular)
hiraganoista (elative plural)
hiraganaan (illative singular)
hiraganoihin (illative plural)
hiraganalla (adessive singular)
hiraganoilla (adessive plural)
hiraganalta (ablative singular)
hiraganoilta (ablative plural)
hiraganalle (allative singular)
hiraganoille (allative plural)
hiraganana (essive singular)
hiraganoina (essive plural)
hiraganaksi (singular translative)
hiraganoiksi (plural translative)
hiraganatta (abessive singular)
hiraganoitta (abessive plural)
hiraganoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hiraganani (nominative singular)
hiraganani (nominative plural)
hiraganani (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganani (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganani (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganani (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganani (genitive singular)
hiraganojeni (genitive plural)
hiraganaini (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaani (partitive singular)
hiraganojani (partitive plural)
hiraganassani (inessive singular)
hiraganoissani (inessive plural)
hiraganastani (elative singular)
hiraganoistani (elative plural)
hiraganaani (illative singular)
hiraganoihini (illative plural)
hiraganallani (adessive singular)
hiraganoillani (adessive plural)
hiraganaltani (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltani (ablative plural)
hiraganalleni (allative singular)
hiraganoilleni (allative plural)
hiragananani (essive singular)
hiraganoinani (essive plural)
hiraganakseni (singular translative)
hiraganoikseni (plural translative)
hiraganattani (abessive singular)
hiraganoittani (abessive plural)
hiraganoineni (comitative plural)
hiraganasi (nominative singular)
hiraganasi (nominative plural)
hiraganasi (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganasi (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganasi (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganasi (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganasi (genitive singular)
hiraganojesi (genitive plural)
hiraganaisi (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaasi (partitive singular)
hiraganojasi (partitive plural)
hiraganassasi (inessive singular)
hiraganoissasi (inessive plural)
hiraganastasi (elative singular)
hiraganoistasi (elative plural)
hiraganaasi (illative singular)
hiraganoihisi (illative plural)
hiraganallasi (adessive singular)
hiraganoillasi (adessive plural)
hiraganaltasi (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltasi (ablative plural)
hiraganallesi (allative singular)
hiraganoillesi (allative plural)
hiragananasi (essive singular)
hiraganoinasi (essive plural)
hiraganaksesi (singular translative)
hiraganoiksesi (plural translative)
hiraganattasi (abessive singular)
hiraganoittasi (abessive plural)
hiraganoinesi (comitative plural)
hiraganamme (nominative singular)
hiraganamme (nominative plural)
hiraganamme (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganamme (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganamme (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganamme (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganamme (genitive singular)
hiraganojemme (genitive plural)
hiraganaimme (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaamme (partitive singular)
hiraganojamme (partitive plural)
hiraganassamme (inessive singular)
hiraganoissamme (inessive plural)
hiraganastamme (elative singular)
hiraganoistamme (elative plural)
hiraganaamme (illative singular)
hiraganoihimme (illative plural)
hiraganallamme (adessive singular)
hiraganoillamme (adessive plural)
hiraganaltamme (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltamme (ablative plural)
hiraganallemme (allative singular)
hiraganoillemme (allative plural)
hiragananamme (essive singular)
hiraganoinamme (essive plural)
hiraganaksemme (singular translative)
hiraganoiksemme (plural translative)
hiraganattamme (abessive singular)
hiraganoittamme (abessive plural)
hiraganoinemme (comitative plural)
hiragananne (nominative singular)
hiragananne (nominative plural)
hiragananne (accusative nominative singular)
hiragananne (accusative nominative plural)
hiragananne (accusative genitive singular)
hiragananne (accusative genitive plural)
hiragananne (genitive singular)
hiraganojenne (genitive plural)
hiraganainne (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaanne (partitive singular)
hiraganojanne (partitive plural)
hiraganassanne (inessive singular)
hiraganoissanne (inessive plural)
hiraganastanne (elative singular)
hiraganoistanne (elative plural)
hiraganaanne (illative singular)
hiraganoihinne (illative plural)
hiraganallanne (adessive singular)
hiraganoillanne (adessive plural)
hiraganaltanne (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltanne (ablative plural)
hiraganallenne (allative singular)
hiraganoillenne (allative plural)
hiraganananne (essive singular)
hiraganoinanne (essive plural)
hiraganaksenne (singular translative)
hiraganoiksenne (plural translative)
hiraganattanne (abessive singular)
hiraganoittanne (abessive plural)
hiraganoinenne (comitative plural)
hiraganansa (nominative singular)
hiraganansa (nominative plural)
hiraganansa (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganansa (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganansa (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganansa (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganansa (genitive singular)
hiraganojensa (genitive plural)
hiraganainsa (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaansa (partitive singular)
hiraganojaan (partitive plural)
hiraganojansa (partitive plural)
hiraganassaan (inessive singular)
hiraganassansa (inessive singular)
hiraganoissaan (inessive plural)
hiraganoissansa (inessive plural)
hiraganastaan (elative singular)
hiraganastansa (elative singular)
hiraganoistaan (elative plural)
hiraganoistansa (elative plural)
hiraganaansa (illative singular)
hiraganoihinsa (illative plural)
hiraganallaan (adessive singular)
hiraganallansa (adessive singular)
hiraganoillaan (adessive plural)
hiraganoillansa (adessive plural)
hiraganaltaan (ablative singular)
hiraganaltansa (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltaan (ablative plural)
hiraganoiltansa (ablative plural)
hiraganalleen (allative singular)
hiraganallensa (allative singular)
hiraganoilleen (allative plural)
hiraganoillensa (allative plural)
hiragananaan (essive singular)
hiragananansa (essive singular)
hiraganoinaan (essive plural)
hiraganoinansa (essive plural)
hiraganakseen (singular translative)
hiraganaksensa (singular translative)
hiraganoikseen (plural translative)
hiraganoiksensa (plural translative)
hiraganattaan (abessive singular)
hiraganattansa (abessive singular)
hiraganoittaan (abessive plural)
hiraganoittansa (abessive plural)
hiraganoineen (comitative plural)
hiraganoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈhirɑ̝ˌɡɑ̝nɑ̝]


hiragana

hiragana (nominative singular)
hiragany (genitive singular)
hiraganie (dative singular)
hiraganę (accusative singular)
hiraganą (instrumental singular)
hiraganie (locative singular)
hiragano (singular vocative)

hiragana (main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings)


hiragana

sh-noun

hiragàna f (Cyrillic spelling хирага̀на)

hiragàna (canonical feminine)
хирага̀на (Cyrillic)
hiragàna (nominative singular)
hiragane (genitive singular)
hiragani (dative singular)
hiraganu (accusative singular)
hiragano (singular vocative)
hiragani (locative singular)
hiraganom (instrumental singular)


quốc ngữ

[kuək̚˧˦ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ ŋɨ˧˨]

[wək̚˦˥ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 國語 (“national language; official language”).

vi-etym-sino

the modern Vietnamese writing system based on the Latin alphabet


国字

kokuji (kanji invented outside of China)


旧字体

ja-noun

旧(きゅう)字(じ)体(たい) • (kyūjitai) ^(←きうじたい (kiuzitai)?)

旧字体 (canonical)
kiuzitai (romanization)
きうじたい (hiragana historical)

旧 (kyū-, “old”) + 字体 (jitai, “character form”)

prefix

kyūjitai (traditional form of Japanese kanji used before 1947)


新字体

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑita̠i]

新 (shin-, “new”) + 字体 (jitai, “character form”).

shinjitai (a form of Japanese kanji used after 1947)


繁體字

/fän³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/faːn²¹ tʰɐi̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/

/huan²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/huan²⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/huan²⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²/

/huan¹³⁻²² tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/huan²³⁻³³ tʰe⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³/

/ve²² tʰi⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/fän³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/faːn²¹ tʰɐi̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/

/huan²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/huan²⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/huan²⁴⁻²² tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²/

/huan¹³⁻²² tʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi²²/

/huan²³⁻³³ tʰe⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³/

/ve²² tʰi⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/


shinjitai

Transliteration from Japanese 新(しん)字(じ)体(たい) (shinjitai).

Coordinate term: kyūjitai

However, when a traditional “correct” radical has been obscured by the postwar adoption of a simplified form (shinjitai), that radical is simply ignored.

1992, The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, volume 26, issue 1, page 47:

The simplified form of Japanese kanji used after 1947.


拼音

→ English: p'in-yin, pinyin, Pinyin

/pʰɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/pʰɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

你學過拼音嗎？

你学过拼音吗？

romanisation system; transcription system

(specifically) Pinyin (Hanyu Pinyin), a system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese


ローマ字

ローマ (“Rome, Roman”) + 字 (“character”).
Note: There is no ン ("n") in ローマ字(じ) • (rōmaji) . ローマ is borrowed from Portuguese. Compare however ローマン体 (“roman type”), which uses ローマン; borrowed from English.


Aramaic

/ˌæ.ɹəˈmeɪ.ɪk/

/ˌæɹ.əˈmeɪ.ɪk/

/ˌɛɹ.əˈmeɪ.ɪk/

From Aram, the place settled by Aramaeans; from the Aramaic ארם, ܐܪܡ (ʾarām).

ܐܪܡܝܐ

ʾārāmāyā, ʾărammāyā

A subfamily of languages in the Northwest Semitic language group, including, but not limited to:

The language of the Aramaeans from the tenth century BC: often called Old Aramaic.

The language of portions of the Hebrew Bible, mainly the books of Ezra and Daniel: often called Biblical Aramaic.

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic

The language of Jesus of Nazareth: a form of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic or Galilean Aramaic.

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

The language of Jewish targums, Midrash and the Talmuds, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic.

The liturgical language of various Christian churches: often called Syriac.

The liturgical language of the Mandaeans: usually called Mandaic.


abugida

/ɑːbuˈɡiːdə/

First use appears c. 1961. See cite below.

азбугида

writing system — see also alphasyllabary

Words are entered under the Abugida system.

1961, Haile Sellassie I University (contributor), University College Review - Volume 1, Issue 1, page 137:

1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
An abugida is a script that uses characters for CV syllables wherein the several characters for some consonant plus the language's array of vowels are modifications of the character for that consonant followed by the unmarked vowel (phonemically /a/).

In an abugida, each consonant carries an inherent vowel, usually /a/.

2007, Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard 5.0, Addison-Wesley, page 200:

(linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, such that symbols for syllables not including the default vowel are generated by adding a common notation to indicate the vowel that it does include.

1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
For the scripts of the Semitic languages, five categories are needed: logography, syllabary, abjad, alphabet, and abugida. A sixth, featural script, appears when Arabic script is adapted to non-Semitic languages. […] (The English word "abugida" is borrowed from the Amharic term for the letters of the script when taken in the order known from the Ge'ez transliterations of the Hebrew letter names found in the superscriptions of the sections of Psalm 119, as used in the liturgy; it takes the first four consonants and the first four vowels in their traditional order of presentation.)

2015, Patricia Donegan, 1: The Emergence of Phonological Representation, Brian MacWhinney, William O'Grady (editors, The Handbook of Language Emergence, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), page 39,
The widespread use and easy learnability of alphabetic writing systems, the typical arrangement of syllabic or abugida phoneme classes (as with Japanese kana, or devanagari), rhyme and alliteration, folk naming of correlative phoneme sets (like the “hard” and “soft” consonant groups of Slavic languages), differential learning of L2 sounds that can and cannot be readily identified with an L1 phoneme (Best, McRoberts, and Sithole, Werker and Tees, 1984b; Best and Tyler, 2007) - all assure us that phonemic perception and representation are not merely a result of alphabetic writing.

(linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.


abugida

abugida (nominative singular)
abugidy (nominative plural)
abugidy (genitive singular)
abugid (genitive plural)
abugidzie (dative singular)
abugidom (dative plural)
abugidę (accusative singular)
abugidy (accusative plural)
abugidą (instrumental singular)
abugidami (instrumental plural)
abugidzie (locative singular)
abugidach (locative plural)
abugido (singular vocative)
abugidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ge'ez አቡጊዳ (ʾäbugida). First attested in the 21st century.

Podstawowe pole badań nad pismem fonograficznym podzielone jest na cztery obszary grafemiczne: pisma głoskowe (alfabet), sylabiczne, abdżad oraz abugidę.

2018, Aleksandra Smoczyńska, “Grafemika jako dział językoznawstwa-rozważania teoretyczne i perspektywy badań interdyscyplinarnych”, in Linguistica Copernicana, volume 15, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, →ISSN:

The basic field of the studies on phonographic writing is divided into four graphemic fields: vocalic writing (alphabet), syllabic, abjad, as well as abugida.


Ogham

Borrowed from Irish ogham, from Middle Irish ogam, from Proto-Celtic *ogmos (“furrow, path”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óǵmos.
The Irish word is frequently folk-etymologized as og-úaim, referring to ogham being supposedly made by the point of a sharp weapon, but this approach faces serious phonological and morphological problems in that:
* The name of ogham and the supposed second element (úaimm (“seam”)?) inflected very differently in Early Irish, "ogham" being an o-stem and the second element being a neuter n-stem.
* Middle Irish ogmóir (“skilled in ogham”) should have a vowel in between the g and m because vowels lengthened by compensatory lengthening after consonant loss are usually not syncopated in Early Irish.

m+

The rectangular sandstone rock that Graham Senior had discovered was inscribed in ogham, an alphabet used in the early medieval period primarily for writing in the Irish language.

2024 May 8, Dalya Alberge, “Teacher finds stone with ancient ogham writing from Ireland in Coventry garden”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

An ancient Celtic alphabet historically used to write Primitive Irish.


字母

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

拉丁字母

字母數據

字母数据

三十六字母

(Chinese phonetics) character representing an initial consonant


alfabet

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos, “alphabet”).

der

Dar alfabet ist de stiiga bon littarn.

The alphabet is a ladder, and the rungs are letters.


alfabet

alfabet (nominative singular)
alfabety (nominative plural)
alfabetu (genitive singular)
alfabetów (genitive plural)
alfabetowi (dative singular)
alfabetom (dative plural)
alfabet (accusative singular)
alfabety (accusative plural)
alfabetem (instrumental singular)
alfabetami (instrumental plural)
alfabecie (locative singular)
alfabetach (locative plural)
alfabecie (singular vocative)
alfabety (plural vocative)

Internationalism; borrowed from German Alphabet or French alphabet, ultimately from Latin alphabētum. First attested in 1624–1639.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (08.02.2018) “ALFABET”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

alphabet, ABC (rudimentary knowledge of a given field)


Oriya

Oorya (alternative)
Ooriya (alternative)

Odia, the language spoken in the state of Odisha, India.


rune

→ Mandarin: 盧恩 /卢恩 (lú'ēn)

Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Raune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun.

der

Go language defines the type rune as an alias for the type int32 to represent a Unicode code point. A string in Go is a sequence of runes.

2016, Shiju Varghese, Go Recipes, Apress, →ISBN, page 12:

programming language
programming language

(programming, in the Go programming language) A Unicode code point.


Runic

From rune + -ic, because such languages were written using runes.

So likewise a day comes when the Runic Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawpaw be utterly abolished.

1831, Thomas Carlyle, “Symbols”, in Sartor Resartus: The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh. […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 155:

(nonstandard, lax) Any of the ancient Germanic languages which were written using runes.


shorthand

en-verb

shorthand (third-person singular simple present shorthands, present participle shorthanding, simple past and past participle shorthanded)

shorthands (present singular third-person)
shorthanding (participle present)
shorthanded (participle past)
shorthanded (past)

The noun is derived from short + hand (“handwriting; style of penmanship”). The verb is derived from the noun.

compound

All the time she'd pretended to be fiddling with her purse over there behind the man, she'd been shorthanding him down—every word, every quotation, every date, every name.

1947, Bill [i.e., Elijah William] Cunningham, The Pearl of Her Sex, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 23:

Most everything is in the safe on digital media, but there were some sessions he didn't record. He'd just shorthanded his notes during and after the sessions. I never learned shorthand, so there's no way I could decipher most of it, if you know what I mean.

2012, J. L. Dobias, chapter 19, in Cripple Mode: Hot Electric, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, pages 383–384:

(transitive) To render (spoken or written words) into shorthand.


kyūjitai

Transliteration from Japanese 旧(きゅう)字(じ)体(たい) (kyūjitai, literally “old character form”).

ja-r

Coordinate term: shinjitai

Although the kyūjitai kanji were not banned, the obsolete kyūjitai kanji have become unreadable to more and more readers over time, thus making texts including them difficult for modern readers, but at least there is a recognized mapping from new form to old form.

2020, Stewart Arneil, “Encoding Disappearing Characters: The Case of Twentieth-Century Japanese-Canadian Names”, in Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, number 12, Text Encoding Initiative Consortium, →DOI, →ISSN:

The traditional form of Japanese kanji used before 1947.


Cyrillic

Cyrillic script
Saints Cyril and Methodius

From the name Cyril + -ic, from Medieval Latin Cȳrillus, from Ancient Greek Κῡ́ρῐλλος (Kū́rĭllos), denoting Saint Cyril, who devised a predecessor to the Cyrillic script, the Glagolitic alphabet, and whose students later devised the Cyrillic script itself.

Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic#English

Denoting an alphabet devised for writing the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language, and its adaptations used for several languages of Eastern Europe and Asia; of or relating to this writing system.


Cyrillic

Russian is typically written in Cyrillic.

The Cyrillic alphabet or writing system.


алфавит

alfavit (romanization)
алфавит (nominative singular)
алфавитъяс (nominative plural)
алфавит (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъяс (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитӧн (instrumental singular)
алфавитъясӧн (instrumental plural)
алфавиткӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъяскӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧг (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧг (caritive plural)
алфавитла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясла (consecutive plural)
алфавитлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъяслӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъяслысь (ablative plural)
алфавитлы (dative singular)
алфавитъяслы (dative plural)
алфавитын (inessive singular)
алфавитъясын (inessive plural)
алфавитысь (elative singular)
алфавитъясысь (elative plural)
алфавитӧ (illative singular)
алфавитъясӧ (illative plural)
алфавитсянь (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссянь (egressive plural)
алфавитлань (approximative singular)
алфавитъяслань (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдз (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдз (plural terminative)
алфавитӧд (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧд (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавитті (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъясті (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитӧй (nominative singular)
алфавитъясӧй (nominative plural)
алфавитӧй (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧй (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнам (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснам (instrumental plural)
алфавитӧйкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясӧйкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгым (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгым (caritive plural)
алфавитӧйла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясӧйла (consecutive plural)
алфавитӧйлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясӧйлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитӧйлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясӧйлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитӧйлы (dative singular)
алфавитъясӧйлы (dative plural)
алфавитам (inessive singular)
алфавитъясам (inessive plural)
алфавитсьым (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьым (elative plural)
алфавитам (illative singular)
алфавитъясам (illative plural)
алфавитсяньым (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньым (egressive plural)
алфавитланьым (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьым (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзым (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзым (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдым (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдым (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіым (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіым (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитыд (nominative singular)
алфавитъясыд (nominative plural)
алфавитыд (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясыд (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавиттӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъястӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнад (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснад (instrumental plural)
алфавитыдкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясыдкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгыд (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгыд (caritive plural)
алфавитыдла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясыдла (consecutive plural)
алфавитыдлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясыдлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитыдлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясыдлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитыдлы (dative singular)
алфавитъясыдлы (dative plural)
алфавитад (inessive singular)
алфавитъясад (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыд (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыд (elative plural)
алфавитад (illative singular)
алфавитъясад (illative plural)
алфавитсяньыд (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньыд (egressive plural)
алфавитланьыд (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьыд (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзыд (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзыд (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдыд (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдыд (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіыд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіыд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитыс (nominative singular)
алфавитъясыс (nominative plural)
алфавитыс (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясыс (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитсӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяссӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнас (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснас (instrumental plural)
алфавитыскӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясыскӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгыс (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгыс (caritive plural)
алфавитысла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясысла (consecutive plural)
алфавитыслӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясыслӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитыслысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясыслысь (ablative plural)
алфавитыслы (dative singular)
алфавитъясыслы (dative plural)
алфавитас (inessive singular)
алфавитъясас (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыс (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыс (elative plural)
алфавитас (illative singular)
алфавитъясас (illative plural)
алфавитсяньыс (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньыс (egressive plural)
алфавитланьыс (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьыс (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзыс (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзыс (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдыс (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдыс (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіыс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіыс (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитным (nominative singular)
алфавитъясным (nominative plural)
алфавитным (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясным (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитнымӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяснымӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнаным (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснаным (instrumental plural)
алфавитнымкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъяснымкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгным (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгным (caritive plural)
алфавитнымла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъяснымла (consecutive plural)
алфавитнымлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъяснымлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитнымлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъяснымлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитнымлы (dative singular)
алфавитъяснымлы (dative plural)
алфавитаным (inessive singular)
алфавитъясаным (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыным (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыным (elative plural)
алфавитаным (illative singular)
алфавитъясаным (illative plural)
алфавитсяньным (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньным (egressive plural)
алфавитланьным (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьным (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзным (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзным (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдным (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдным (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіным (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіным (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитныд (nominative singular)
алфавитъясныд (nominative plural)
алфавитныд (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясныд (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитнытӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяснытӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнаныд (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснаныд (instrumental plural)
алфавитныдкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясныдкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгныд (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгныд (caritive plural)
алфавитныдла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясныдла (consecutive plural)
алфавитныдлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясныдлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитныдлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясныдлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитныдлы (dative singular)
алфавитъясныдлы (dative plural)
алфавитаныд (inessive singular)
алфавитъясаныд (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыныд (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыныд (elative plural)
алфавитаныд (illative singular)
алфавитъясаныд (illative plural)
алфавитсяньныд (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньныд (egressive plural)
алфавитланьныд (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьныд (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзныд (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзныд (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдныд (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдныд (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіныд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіныд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитныс (nominative singular)
алфавитъясныс (nominative plural)
алфавитныс (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясныс (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитнысӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяснысӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнаныс (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснаныс (instrumental plural)
алфавитнымкӧс (comitative singular)
алфавитъяснымкӧс (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгныс (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгныс (caritive plural)
алфавитнысла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъяснысла (consecutive plural)
алфавитныслӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясныслӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитныслысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясныслысь (ablative plural)
алфавитныслы (dative singular)
алфавитъясныслы (dative plural)
алфавитаныс (inessive singular)
алфавитъясаныс (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыныс (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыныс (elative plural)
алфавитаныс (illative singular)
алфавитъясаныс (illative plural)
алфавитсяньныс (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньныс (egressive plural)
алфавитланьныс (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьныс (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзныс (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзныс (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдныс (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдныс (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіныс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіныс (plural prolative prolative-ii)

Borrowed from Russian алфавит (alfavit).


алфавит

ru-noun+

алфави́т or алфа́вит^* • (alfavít or alfávit^*) m inan (genitive алфави́та or алфа́вита^*, nominative plural алфави́ты or алфа́виты^*, genitive plural алфави́тов or алфа́витов^*, relational adjective алфави́тный, diminutive алфави́тик) (* non-standard)

алфави́т (canonical)
алфа́вит^* (canonical)
алфави́та (genitive)
алфа́вита^* (genitive)
алфави́ты (nominative plural)
алфа́виты^* (nominative plural)
алфави́тов (genitive plural)
алфа́витов^* (genitive plural)
алфави́тный (adjective relational)
алфави́тик (diminutive)
алфави́т (nominative singular)
алфа́вит (nominative singular)
алфави́ты (nominative plural)
алфа́виты (nominative plural)
алфави́та (genitive singular)
алфа́вита (genitive singular)
алфави́тов (genitive plural)
алфа́витов (genitive plural)
алфави́ту (dative singular)
алфа́виту (dative singular)
алфави́там (dative plural)
алфа́витам (dative plural)
алфави́т (accusative singular)
алфа́вит (accusative singular)
алфави́ты (accusative plural)
алфа́виты (accusative plural)
алфави́том (instrumental singular)
алфа́витом (instrumental singular)
алфави́тами (instrumental plural)
алфа́витами (instrumental plural)
алфави́те (prepositional singular)
алфа́вите (prepositional singular)
алфави́тах (plural prepositional)
алфа́витах (plural prepositional)
алфави́тъ (alternative)

→ Crimean Tatar: alfavit

→ Ingrian: alfavitta

→ Kildin Sami: алфавиһт (alfaviht)

→ Komi-Zyrian: алфавит (alfavit)

→ Uzbek: alfavit

Ru-алфавит.ogg

From Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos). The pronunciation with stress on the second syllable comes directly from the Greek, while the pronunciation with stress on the third syllable was altered, possibly by analogy to French, and gained prestige. Compare Ukrainian алфа́віт (alfávit).

в алфави́тном поря́дке

алфави́тный поря́док m (alfavítnyj porjádok)


俗字

/t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

/t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

Hanzi variant that is widespread but not orthodox


俗字

a kanji variant that is widespread but not orthodox


会意

(Chinese character classification) compound indicatives

指事

六書 (rikusho, “The six types of Han characters”)


六書

The six principles for composing Chinese script.


象形

(Chinese character classification) pictogram, particularly in the sense of 六書 pictograms.


Syriac

From Ancient Greek συριακός (suriakós), an adjective pertaining to Συρία (Suría), the Greek name for Aram, and probably based on the name Assyria.

Syriac Orthodox Church
Syriac Orthodox Church


ICAO spelling alphabet

Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu.

The ICAO radiotelephony spelling alphabet of the International Civil Aviation Organization. This alphabet assigns names to letters of the alphabet for clearer enunciation (and for the same reason pronounces the numeral 9 as "niner"):


phonetic alphabet

en-noun

phonetic alphabet (plural phonetic alphabets)

International Phonetic Alphabet

A writing system used to unambiguously transcribe the sounds of human speech.


Latin alphabet

A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

The 26-letter alphabet consisting of the following letters (presented in majuscule and minuscule pairs):

Any relatively minor variation of the 26-letter Latin alphabet.


繁体字

From Chinese 繁體字 /繁体字 (fántǐzì) (left: traditional / right: simplified).

Traditional Chinese character(s); Traditional Chinese


Latinize

en-verb

Latinize (third-person singular simple present Latinizes, present participle Latinizing, simple past and past participle Latinized)

Latinizes (present singular third-person)
Latinizing (participle present)
Latinized (participle past)
Latinized (past)
Latinise (alternative)
latinize (alternative)

From Latin latīnizō. By surface analysis, Latin + -ize.

Guglielmus is a Latinized form of William.

(transitive) To translate something into the Latin language; or make a word similar in appearance or form to a Latin word.

latinalaistaa

to make a word similar in appearance or form to a Latin word

The Cyrillic letter Л can be Latinized as L.

(transitive) To transliterate something into the characters of the Latin script; to Romanize

to Latinize the Church of England

(transitive) To make like the Roman Catholic Church or diffuse its ideas in.


hieroglyph

/ˈhaɪ.ɹəˌɡlɪf/

/ˈhaɪ.ɹəʊˌɡlɪf/

/ˈhaɪɚ.əˌɡlɪf/

First attested around 1598, a back-formation from hieroglyphic (1580s), from Middle French hiéroglyphique, from Late Latin hieroglyphicus, from Ancient Greek ἱερογλυφικός (hierogluphikós) (Plutarch τά ἱερογλυφικά [γράμματα] "hieroglyphic [writing]), ἱερόγλυφος (hierógluphos, “carver of hieroglyphs”) (Ptolemy), a compound of ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”) and γλυφή (gluphḗ, “carved work”), a calque of Egyptian mdw-nṯr (“the god’s word”), nTr-md. By surface analysis, hiero- + glyph.

der

ἱερογλυφικός

Hieroglyphs were discovered on the wall inside the temple.

An element (individual sign or glyph) of a hieroglyphic writing system.


Chinese character

en-noun

Chinese character (plural Chinese characters)

There are no Publick Schools in all China (though ſome Writers have erroneouſly ſet forth the contrary) but every perſon chuſes his own Maſter, by whom he is taught in his Houſe, at his own charge. And in regard of the great difficulty in teaching the Chineſe Characters, in reſpect of their vaſt number and variety, it is impoſſible for one to teach many ſeveral perſons ; and therefore every Maſter of a Family takes an Intſructer into his Houſe for his Children, of whom if there be two or three to learn, they are as many as one Tutor can well teach.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, page 163:

Had it not been for the casual discovery in the year 1625 of a deeply buried black marble tablet near Hsi-an containing nearly 1,700 Chinese characters, and a long list of names of priests in Syriac, the fact that such a sect rooted itself in the Celestial Empire would never have been believed, as indeed after the tablet was unearthed it was for a long time discredited.

1912, Arthur Henderson Smith, “Uplifting Leaders”, in The Uplift of China, →OCLC, page 117:

Any character used in the written form of several languages of China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

кита́йская гра́мота

can also be derogatory, "something unreadable"


syllabary

/ˈsɪləˌbɛɹi/

From Neo-Latin syllabārium, from syllaba.

It shouldn't be hard to come up with a musical syllabary in which pitches code for vowels and timbres code for consonants.

(orthography) A writing system where each character represents a complete syllable.


アルファベット

[a̠ɾɯ̟ɸa̠be̞t̚to̞]


alphabetically

en-adv

alphabetically (comparative more alphabetically, superlative most alphabetically)

more alphabetically (comparative)
most alphabetically (superlative)

In alphabetically written languages the conventions governing the graphemic system G are intimately connected with those governing the phonemic system P

1978, Hans H. Wellisch, The conversion of scripts, its nature, history, and utilization, page 65:


Deva

From English Devanagari, from Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī).
The "nagari" part was trimmed from "Devanagari", in accordance with the four-letter format in ISO 15924.


Hanzi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (Hànzì). Doublet of kanji and hanja.

On May 21, 1957, the Jen min je pao published the text of the previous day’s discussions during which writers and scholars of various tendencies had examined before the Commission the proposed reform (which, in the opinion of certain “leftists,” entailed in fact the suppression of the han tzŭ, the Chinese characters).

[1959, Etiemble, “One China or Two?”, in Evergreen Review, volume 2, number 8, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 31:

Chinese character
Chinese character#English

Synonym of Chinese character (specifically in relation to Chinese)


Hanzi

de-noun

Hanzi n (strong, genitive Hanzi, plural Hanzi)

Hanzi (genitive)
Hanzi (plural)
Hanzi (nominative singular)
Hanzi (definite nominative plural)
Hanzi (genitive singular)
Hanzi (definite genitive plural)
Hanzi (dative singular)
Hanzi (dative definite plural)
Hanzi (accusative singular)
Hanzi (accusative definite plural)
Hànzì (alternative)


Hieroglyphe

Hieroglyphe f (genitive Hieroglyphe, plural Hieroglyphen)

Hieroglyphe (genitive)
Hieroglyphen (plural)
Hieroglyphe (nominative singular)
Hieroglyphen (definite nominative plural)
Hieroglyphe (genitive singular)
Hieroglyphen (definite genitive plural)
Hieroglyphe (dative singular)
Hieroglyphen (dative definite plural)
Hieroglyphe (accusative singular)
Hieroglyphen (accusative definite plural)


Latin

en-proper noun

Latin (countable and uncountable, plural Latins)

From Middle English Latin, Latyn, from Old English Lǣden, from Vulgar Latin *ladinum (“Latin”) and Old French latin (“Latin”); all from Latin Latinus (“belonging to Latium”). Later influenced in form by the Latin word. Compare Dutch Latijn (“Latin”), German Latein (“Latin”), Swedish Latin (“Latin”).

Supper being over, the lawyer took his leave, and the doctor began to ſound the learned clerk reſpecting his proficiency in the dead languages. "As to dead languages," replied the ſchoolmafter, "I was once a vaſt pretty ſcholar indeed, but want of exercise has made me main ſlack—I can't get over my ground as I uſed to do. Then as to the t'other dead fellow, I could never greek it at all, that's flat. And, Lord bleſs you! my Latin is of no more uſe to me here than—than—" Here he ſtuck for want of a ſimile; when Mr. Le Dupe helped him out by ſaying, "that it is to a young man at college, where it is conſidered a pedantic inſult, and an unpardonable bore, to utter a Latin ſentence."

1799, Edward Dubois, A Piece of Family Biography, volume II, page 20:

To Hall [Robert A. Hall, Jr.], the development would be something as follows: Latin > Proto-Romance (dated late Republic and Early Empire) > Proto-Continental Romance > Proto-Italo-Western Romance (to which Hall would limit the term "Vulgar Latin") > Proto-Western Romance > Proto-Gallo Romance, etc. Each of these main divisions splits off into further languages: Latin > Classical Latin; Proto-Romance > Proto-Southern Romance > Sardinian, Lucianian, Sicilian; Proto-Continental Romance > Proto-Eastern Romance > Proto-Balkan Romance, etc.

1999, Karl Strecker, transl. by Robert B. Palmer, Introduction to Medieval Latin: English Tranlation and Revision, 2nd ed. (2nd reprint of the ed. Dublin/Zürich 1971 (Berlin 1957)), Weidmann: Zürich & Hildesheim, p. 29

When the Christian Church rose in stature in the Dark Ages, its adoption of Latin as the official language assured its eternal life.

2003, Natalie Harwood, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Learning Latin, 2nd edition, page 13:

Like Copernicus and Galileo, Johannes Kepler was a renowned astronomer who wrote in Latin.

2010, Elizabeth Heimbach, A Roman Map Workbook, page 134:

(uncountable) The language of the ancient Romans, other Latins and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin.

ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܠܵܛܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ

liššānā lāṭīnāyā


cuneiform

From French cunéiforme or New Latin cuneifōrmis, from Classical Latin cuneus (“wedge”) + fōrma.

There, too, it was originally the vulgar script in contrast with the official cuneiform script employed for all official documents, compacts, etc.

1911, Alvin Sylvester Zerbe, The Antiquity of Hebrew Writing and Literature, page 182:

The text is inscribed on a clay tablet of a very unusual format. The only other known mathematical cuneiform text on a clay tablet of a similar format is also the only previously known Kassite (and therefore post-Old-Babylonian) mathematical cuneiform text.

2000, Jöran Friberg, A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts, page ix:

Written in the cuneiform writing system.


cuneiform

cuneiforms (plural)
cuniform (alternative)

An ancient Mesopotamian writing system, adapted within several language families, originating as pictograms in Sumer around the 30th century BC, evolving into more abstract and characteristic wedge shapes formed by a blunt reed stylus on clayen tablets.

釘頭文字 /钉头文字

ding¹ tau⁴ man⁴ zi⁶, deng¹ tau⁴ man⁴ zi⁶

(anatomy) A wedge-shaped bone, especially a cuneiform bone.


braille

en-verb

braille (third-person singular simple present brailles, present participle brailling, simple past and past participle brailled)

brailles (present singular third-person)
brailling (participle present)
brailled (participle past)
brailled (past)
Braille (alternative)

Borrowed from French braille, named after French educator Louis Braille (1809–1852). The /eɪl/ seems to reflect a spelling-pronunciation; French has /aj/ instead.

named-after

I played back my recorded notes and brailled them.

the sponsorship statement on respondent's brailled volumes [...] He admittedly had no knowledge of just how respondent's book [...] came to be brailled

1967, Carlton Fredericks, Federal Trade Commission Decisions, volume 71, page 237:

To write in, or convert into, the braille writing system.


braille

braille (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
braille (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a bhraille (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an braille (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
an bhraille (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an mbraille (definite singular)
don bhraille (definite singular)
braille
bhraille
mbraille


Samaritan

/səˈmæɹɪtən/

/səˈmɛɹɪtən/

From Latin Samarītānus, from Ancient Greek Σαμαρείτης (Samareítēs), from Σαμαρεία (Samareía, “Samaria”), derived from Biblical Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹנִים (Šōmərôním) and שֹׁמְרוֹן (Šōmərôn) respectively. Attested in Old English.

The ancient language of Samaria: a dialect of Hebrew.


arabica

aràbica (canonical feminine)
ара̀бица (Cyrillic)
arabica (nominative singular)
arabice (nominative plural)
arabice (genitive singular)
arabica (genitive plural)
arabici (dative singular)
arabicama (dative plural)
arabicu (accusative singular)
arabice (accusative plural)
arabice (singular vocative)
arabice (plural vocative)
arabici (locative singular)
arabicama (locative plural)
arabicom (instrumental singular)
arabicama (instrumental plural)
arèbica (alternative)

A form of the Perso-Arabic script once used to write Serbo-Croatian.


arabica

please help by adding the tonal marks.
arábica (nominative singular)
arábice (genitive singular)
arábici (dative singular)
arábico (accusative singular)
arábici (locative singular)
arábico (instrumental singular)

Arebica, the form of the Perso-Arabic script once used to write Bosnian.


азбука

be-noun

а́збука • (ázbuka) f inan (genitive а́збукі, nominative plural а́збукі, genitive plural а́збук)

а́збука (canonical)
ázbuka (romanization)
а́збукі (genitive)
а́збукі (nominative plural)
а́збук (genitive plural)
а́збука (nominative singular)
а́збукі (nominative plural)
а́збукі (genitive singular)
а́збук (genitive plural)
а́збуцы (dative singular)
а́збукам (dative plural)
а́збуку (accusative singular)
а́збукі (accusative plural)
а́збукай (instrumental singular)
а́збукаю (instrumental singular)
а́збукамі (instrumental plural)
а́збуцы (locative singular)
а́збуках (locative plural)
а́збукі (count-form plural)

Inherited from Old East Slavic азъбукꙑ (azŭbuky); borrowed from Old Church Slavonic азъбоукꙑ (azŭbuky), from the names of the first two letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, азъ + боукꙑ, a calque of Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos). Compare Russian а́збука (ázbuka).

calque

After receiving the charge with every mark of derision, the pupils formed in line and buzzingly passed a ragged book from hand to hand. The book had an alphabet in it, some figures and tables, and a little spelling,—that is to say, it had had once.

1940 [1861], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Вялікія чаканні, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Great Expectations, page 57:

After receiving this reward with every mark of derision, the pupils formed in line and buzzingly passed a ragged book from hand to hand. The book had an alphabet in it, a multiplication table, and a little spelling,—that is to say, it had had once.

Atrymaŭšy hetuju ŭznaharódu z vidavóčnaj nasmješkaj, vučni vystrajvalisja ŭ liniju i z šumam pjeradavali z ruk u ruki abšarpanuju knižku. U knižcy byli: azbuka, tablica mnóžannja i sklady, heta značycʹ njekali byli.

alphabet (the set of letters used when writing in a language)

With an alphabet on the hearth at my feet for reference, I contrived in an hour or two to print and smear this epistle:—“MI DEER JO i OPE U R KRWITE WELL [...].”

1940 [1861], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Вялікія чаканні, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Great Expectations, page 36:

With an ABC book on the hearth at my feet for reference, I contrived in an hour or two to scribble the following epistle in block letters:—“MI DEER JO i OPE U R KRWITE WELL ….”

Z dapamóhaju azbuki, jakaja ljažala dlja spravak na padlózje lja maix noh, mnje ŭdalósja hadziny za dzvje nadrapacʹ drukavanymi litarami nastupnaje paslannje: “mIl móI Žo SPódzjaJus ty zDaróf [...]”.

ABC book, primer (a children's book intended to teach literacy)

ABC, basics (the fundamentals of any subject)


азбука

bg-noun

а́збука • (ázbuka) f (relational adjective а́збучен)

а́збука (canonical)
ázbuka (romanization)
а́збучен (adjective relational)
а́збука (indefinite singular)
а́збуки (indefinite plural)
а́збуката (definite singular)
а́збуките (definite plural)

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic азъбоукꙑ (azŭbuky), from the names of the first two letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, азъ (azŭ) + боукꙑ (buky), a calque of Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).

inh+

Бъ́лгарската а́збука


азбука

mk-noun

азбука • (azbuka) f (relational adjective азбучен)

azbuka (romanization)
азбучен (adjective relational)
азбука (indefinite singular)
азбуки (indefinite plural)
азбуката (definite singular unspecified)
азбуките (definite plural unspecified)
азбукава (definite proximal singular)
азбукиве (definite plural proximal)
азбукана (definite distal singular)
азбукине (definite distal plural)
азбуко (singular vocative)
азбуки (plural vocative)


азбука

ru-noun+

а́збука • (ázbuka) f inan (genitive а́збуки, nominative plural а́збуки, genitive plural а́збук, relational adjective а́збучный, diminutive а́збучка)

а́збука (canonical)
ázbuka (romanization)
а́збуки (genitive)
а́збуки (nominative plural)
а́збук (genitive plural)
а́збучный (adjective relational)
а́збучка (diminutive)
а́збука (nominative singular)
а́збуки (nominative plural)
а́збуки (genitive singular)
а́збук (genitive plural)
а́збуке (dative singular)
а́збукам (dative plural)
а́збуку (accusative singular)
а́збуки (accusative plural)
а́збукой (instrumental singular)
а́збукою (instrumental singular)
а́збуками (instrumental plural)
а́збуке (prepositional singular)
а́збуках (plural prepositional)
а́збука (dated nominative singular)
а́збуки (dated nominative plural)
а́збуки (dated genitive singular)
а́збукъ (dated genitive plural)
а́збукѣ (dated dative singular)
а́збукамъ (dated dative plural)
а́збуку (accusative dated singular)
а́збуки (accusative dated plural)
а́збукой (dated instrumental singular)
а́збукою (dated instrumental singular)
а́збуками (dated instrumental plural)
а́збукѣ (dated prepositional singular)
а́збукахъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: azbukka

Ru-а́збука.ogg

Inherited from Old East Slavic азъбукꙑ (azŭbuky); borrowed from Old Church Slavonic азъбоукꙑ (azŭbuky), from the names of the first two letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, азъ (azŭ) + боукꙑ (buky), a calque of Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).


азбука

а̀збука (canonical feminine)
àzbuka (romanization)
азбука (nominative singular)
азбуке (genitive singular)
азбуци (dative singular)
азбуку (accusative singular)
азбуко (singular vocative)
азбуци (locative singular)
азбуком (instrumental singular)

From initial names of the first letters of Cyrillic alphabet, az (а) and buki (б).

(uncountable) alphabet (based on the Cyrillic script)


азбука

uk-noun

а́збука • (ázbuka) f inan (genitive а́збуки, nominative plural а́збуки, genitive plural а́збук, relational adjective а́збучний)

а́збука (canonical)
ázbuka (romanization)
а́збуки (genitive)
а́збуки (nominative plural)
а́збук (genitive plural)
а́збучний (adjective relational)
а́збука (nominative singular)
а́збуки (nominative plural)
а́збуки (genitive singular)
а́збук (genitive plural)
а́збуці (dative singular)
а́збукам (dative plural)
а́збуку (accusative singular)
а́збуки (accusative plural)
а́збукою (instrumental singular)
а́збуками (instrumental plural)
а́збуці (locative singular)
а́збуках (locative plural)
а́збуко (singular vocative)
а́збуки (plural vocative)

Created in Old East Slavic following азъбукы (azŭbuky), borrowed from Old Church Slavonic азъбоукꙑ (azŭbuky), formed from the names of the first two letters in the Cyrillic alphabet, азъ (azŭ) + боукꙑ (buky), a calque of Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).
Attested 1627, compare язъбука (jazʺbuka) (17–18th century).

(dated) alphabet (an ordered set of letters used in a language), especially the old Cyrillic alphabet.


hangul

Hangul (alternative)
hangeul (alternative)
Hangeul (alternative)
han-geul (alternative)
Han-geul (alternative)
hangŭl (alternative)
Hangŭl (alternative)
han'gŭl (alternative)
Han'gŭl (alternative)
hankul (alternative)
Hankul (alternative)

[Alt: 한글 ㅎ=h ㅏ=a ㄴ=n ㄱ=g ㅡ=eu ㄹ=l]
From Korean 한글 (han'geul, “Korean script”).

The phonetic alphabet used to write the Korean language.


hangul

hangul (nominative singular)
hangulit (nominative plural)
hangul (accusative nominative singular)
hangulit (accusative nominative plural)
hangulin (accusative genitive singular)
hangulit (accusative genitive plural)
hangulin (genitive singular)
hangulien (genitive plural)
hanguleiden (genitive plural)
hanguleitten (genitive plural)
hangulia (partitive singular)
hanguleita (partitive plural)
hanguleja (partitive plural)
hangulissa (inessive singular)
hanguleissa (inessive plural)
hangulista (elative singular)
hanguleista (elative plural)
hanguliin (illative singular)
hanguleihin (illative plural)
hangulilla (adessive singular)
hanguleilla (adessive plural)
hangulilta (ablative singular)
hanguleilta (ablative plural)
hangulille (allative singular)
hanguleille (allative plural)
hangulina (essive singular)
hanguleina (essive plural)
hanguliksi (singular translative)
hanguleiksi (plural translative)
hangulitta (abessive singular)
hanguleitta (abessive plural)
hangulein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hangulini (nominative singular)
hangulini (nominative plural)
hangulini (accusative nominative singular)
hangulini (accusative nominative plural)
hangulini (accusative genitive singular)
hangulini (accusative genitive plural)
hangulini (genitive singular)
hangulieni (genitive plural)
hanguleideni (genitive plural)
hanguleitteni (genitive plural)
hanguliani (partitive singular)
hanguleitani (partitive plural)
hangulejani (partitive plural)
hangulissani (inessive singular)
hanguleissani (inessive plural)
hangulistani (elative singular)
hanguleistani (elative plural)
hanguliini (illative singular)
hanguleihini (illative plural)
hangulillani (adessive singular)
hanguleillani (adessive plural)
hanguliltani (ablative singular)
hanguleiltani (ablative plural)
hangulilleni (allative singular)
hanguleilleni (allative plural)
hangulinani (essive singular)
hanguleinani (essive plural)
hangulikseni (singular translative)
hanguleikseni (plural translative)
hangulittani (abessive singular)
hanguleittani (abessive plural)
hanguleineni (comitative plural)
hangulisi (nominative singular)
hangulisi (nominative plural)
hangulisi (accusative nominative singular)
hangulisi (accusative nominative plural)
hangulisi (accusative genitive singular)
hangulisi (accusative genitive plural)
hangulisi (genitive singular)
hanguliesi (genitive plural)
hanguleidesi (genitive plural)
hanguleittesi (genitive plural)
hanguliasi (partitive singular)
hanguleitasi (partitive plural)
hangulejasi (partitive plural)
hangulissasi (inessive singular)
hanguleissasi (inessive plural)
hangulistasi (elative singular)
hanguleistasi (elative plural)
hanguliisi (illative singular)
hanguleihisi (illative plural)
hangulillasi (adessive singular)
hanguleillasi (adessive plural)
hanguliltasi (ablative singular)
hanguleiltasi (ablative plural)
hangulillesi (allative singular)
hanguleillesi (allative plural)
hangulinasi (essive singular)
hanguleinasi (essive plural)
hanguliksesi (singular translative)
hanguleiksesi (plural translative)
hangulittasi (abessive singular)
hanguleittasi (abessive plural)
hanguleinesi (comitative plural)
hangulimme (nominative singular)
hangulimme (nominative plural)
hangulimme (accusative nominative singular)
hangulimme (accusative nominative plural)
hangulimme (accusative genitive singular)
hangulimme (accusative genitive plural)
hangulimme (genitive singular)
hanguliemme (genitive plural)
hanguleidemme (genitive plural)
hanguleittemme (genitive plural)
hanguliamme (partitive singular)
hanguleitamme (partitive plural)
hangulejamme (partitive plural)
hangulissamme (inessive singular)
hanguleissamme (inessive plural)
hangulistamme (elative singular)
hanguleistamme (elative plural)
hanguliimme (illative singular)
hanguleihimme (illative plural)
hangulillamme (adessive singular)
hanguleillamme (adessive plural)
hanguliltamme (ablative singular)
hanguleiltamme (ablative plural)
hangulillemme (allative singular)
hanguleillemme (allative plural)
hangulinamme (essive singular)
hanguleinamme (essive plural)
hanguliksemme (singular translative)
hanguleiksemme (plural translative)
hangulittamme (abessive singular)
hanguleittamme (abessive plural)
hanguleinemme (comitative plural)
hangulinne (nominative singular)
hangulinne (nominative plural)
hangulinne (accusative nominative singular)
hangulinne (accusative nominative plural)
hangulinne (accusative genitive singular)
hangulinne (accusative genitive plural)
hangulinne (genitive singular)
hangulienne (genitive plural)
hanguleidenne (genitive plural)
hanguleittenne (genitive plural)
hangulianne (partitive singular)
hanguleitanne (partitive plural)
hangulejanne (partitive plural)
hangulissanne (inessive singular)
hanguleissanne (inessive plural)
hangulistanne (elative singular)
hanguleistanne (elative plural)
hanguliinne (illative singular)
hanguleihinne (illative plural)
hangulillanne (adessive singular)
hanguleillanne (adessive plural)
hanguliltanne (ablative singular)
hanguleiltanne (ablative plural)
hangulillenne (allative singular)
hanguleillenne (allative plural)
hangulinanne (essive singular)
hanguleinanne (essive plural)
hanguliksenne (singular translative)
hanguleiksenne (plural translative)
hangulittanne (abessive singular)
hanguleittanne (abessive plural)
hanguleinenne (comitative plural)
hangulinsa (nominative singular)
hangulinsa (nominative plural)
hangulinsa (accusative nominative singular)
hangulinsa (accusative nominative plural)
hangulinsa (accusative genitive singular)
hangulinsa (accusative genitive plural)
hangulinsa (genitive singular)
hanguliensa (genitive plural)
hanguleidensa (genitive plural)
hanguleittensa (genitive plural)
hanguliaan (partitive singular)
hanguliansa (partitive singular)
hanguleitaan (partitive plural)
hangulejaan (partitive plural)
hanguleitansa (partitive plural)
hangulejansa (partitive plural)
hangulissaan (inessive singular)
hangulissansa (inessive singular)
hanguleissaan (inessive plural)
hanguleissansa (inessive plural)
hangulistaan (elative singular)
hangulistansa (elative singular)
hanguleistaan (elative plural)
hanguleistansa (elative plural)
hanguliinsa (illative singular)
hanguleihinsa (illative plural)
hangulillaan (adessive singular)
hangulillansa (adessive singular)
hanguleillaan (adessive plural)
hanguleillansa (adessive plural)
hanguliltaan (ablative singular)
hanguliltansa (ablative singular)
hanguleiltaan (ablative plural)
hanguleiltansa (ablative plural)
hangulilleen (allative singular)
hangulillensa (allative singular)
hanguleilleen (allative plural)
hanguleillensa (allative plural)
hangulinaan (essive singular)
hangulinansa (essive singular)
hanguleinaan (essive plural)
hanguleinansa (essive plural)
hangulikseen (singular translative)
hanguliksensa (singular translative)
hanguleikseen (plural translative)
hanguleiksensa (plural translative)
hangulittaan (abessive singular)
hangulittansa (abessive singular)
hanguleittaan (abessive plural)
hanguleittansa (abessive plural)
hanguleineen (comitative plural)
hanguleinensa (comitative plural)

(colloquial) a letter of the writing system


hangul

hangul (nominative singular)
hangulu (genitive singular)
hangulowi (dative singular)
hangul (accusative singular)
hangulem (instrumental singular)
hangulu (locative singular)
hangulu (singular vocative)
hangeul (alternative)
hangyl (alternative)

Borrowed from Korean 한글 (han'geul), from 한 (han) + 글 (geul).


hangul

From Korean 한글 (han'geul, “Korean script”), from Archaic Korean 한 (han, “great”) + 글 (geul, “script”).


NATO phonetic alphabet

ICAO spelling alphabet
ICAO spelling alphabet


кирилица

bg-noun

ки́рилица • (kírilica) f

ки́рилица (canonical)
kírilica (romanization)
ки́рилица (indefinite singular)
ки́рилицата (definite singular)

bg-ndecl

ки́рилица</n:sg>

Бъ́лгарската а́збука на ки́рилица ― Bǎ́lgarskata ázbuka na kírilica ― The Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet

Бъ́лгарската ки́рилица ― Bǎ́lgarskata kírilica ― The Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet


кирилица

mk-noun

кирилица • (kirilica) f (relational adjective кириличен)

kirilica (romanization)
кириличен (adjective relational)
кирилица (indefinite singular)
кирилицата (definite singular unspecified)
кирилицава (definite proximal singular)
кирилицана (definite distal singular)
кирилице (singular vocative)


кириллица

ru-noun+

кири́ллица • (kiríllica) f inan (genitive кири́ллицы, uncountable)

кири́ллица (canonical)
kiríllica (romanization)
кири́ллицы (genitive)
кири́ллица (nominative singular)
кири́ллицы (genitive singular)
кири́ллице (dative singular)
кири́ллицу (accusative singular)
кири́ллицей (instrumental singular)
кири́ллицею (instrumental singular)
кири́ллице (prepositional singular)
кири́ллица (dated nominative singular)
кири́ллицы (dated genitive singular)
кири́ллицѣ (dated dative singular)
кири́ллицу (accusative dated singular)
кири́ллицей (dated instrumental singular)
кири́ллицею (dated instrumental singular)
кири́ллицѣ (dated prepositional singular)

→ English: Kirillitsa

[kʲɪˈrʲilʲɪt͡sə]

Ru-кириллица.ogg

ru:кириллица


латиница

mk-noun

латиница • (latinica) f (relational adjective латиничен)

latinica (romanization)
латиничен (adjective relational)
латиница (indefinite singular)
латиницата (definite singular unspecified)
латиницава (definite proximal singular)
латиницана (definite distal singular)
латинице (singular vocative)


латиница

ru-noun+

лати́ница • (latínica) f inan (genitive лати́ницы, uncountable)

лати́ница (canonical)
latínica (romanization)
лати́ницы (genitive)
лати́ница (nominative singular)
лати́ницы (genitive singular)
лати́нице (dative singular)
лати́ницу (accusative singular)
лати́ницей (instrumental singular)
лати́ницею (instrumental singular)
лати́нице (prepositional singular)

[ɫɐˈtʲinʲɪt͡sə]


латиница

латѝница (canonical feminine)
latìnica (romanization)
латиница (nominative singular)
латинице (genitive singular)
латиници (dative singular)
латиницу (accusative singular)
латиницо (singular vocative)
латиници (locative singular)
латиницом (instrumental singular)


azbuka

azbuka (nominative singular)
azbuky (nominative plural)
azbuky (genitive singular)
azbuk (genitive plural)
azbuce (dative singular)
azbukám (dative plural)
azbuku (accusative singular)
azbuky (accusative plural)
azbuko (singular vocative)
azbuky (plural vocative)
azbuce (locative singular)
azbukách (locative plural)
azbukou (instrumental singular)
azbukami (instrumental plural)


azbuka

àzbuka (canonical feminine)
а̀збука (Cyrillic)
azbuka (nominative singular)
azbuke (genitive singular)
azbuci (dative singular)
azbuku (accusative singular)
azbuko (singular vocative)
azbuci (locative singular)
azbukom (instrumental singular)


azbuka

nominative
azbuka (singular)
azbuky (plural)
genitive
azbuky (singular)
azbúk (plural)
dative
azbuke (singular)
azbukám (plural)
accusative
azbuku (singular)
locative
azbukách (plural)
instrumental
azbukou (singular)
azbukami (plural)


abeceda

cs-noun

abeceda f (relational adjective abecední)

abecední (adjective relational)
abeceda (nominative singular)
abecedy (nominative plural)
abecedy (genitive singular)
abeced (genitive plural)
abecedě (dative singular)
abecedám (dative plural)
abecedu (accusative singular)
abecedy (accusative plural)
abecedo (singular vocative)
abecedy (plural vocative)
abecedě (locative singular)
abecedách (locative plural)
abecedou (instrumental singular)
abecedami (instrumental plural)

From names of letters of the alphabet, a, be, ce, de.

Morseova abeceda

code (set of rules for converting information)


abeceda

abecéda (canonical feminine)
абеце́да (Cyrillic)
abeceda (nominative singular)
abecede (nominative plural)
abecede (genitive singular)
abeceda (genitive plural)
abecedi (dative singular)
abecedama (dative plural)
abecedu (accusative singular)
abecede (accusative plural)
abecedo (singular vocative)
abecede (plural vocative)
abecedi (locative singular)
abecedama (locative plural)
abecedom (instrumental singular)
abecedama (instrumental plural)


abeceda

abecẹ̑da (canonical feminine)
abecẹ̑da (nominative singular)
abecẹ̑di (dual nominative)
abecẹ̑de (nominative plural)
abecẹ̑de (genitive singular)
abecẹ̑d (dual genitive)
abecẹ̑d (genitive plural)
abecẹ̑di (dative singular)
abecẹ̑dama (dative dual)
abecẹ̑dam (dative plural)
abecẹ̑do (accusative singular)
abecẹ̑di (accusative dual)
abecẹ̑de (accusative plural)
abecẹ̑di (locative singular)
abecẹ̑dah (dual locative)
abecẹ̑dah (locative plural)
abecẹ̑do (instrumental singular)
abecẹ̑dama (dual instrumental)
abecẹ̑dami (instrumental plural)
abecẹ̑da (singular vocative)
abecẹ̑di (dual vocative)
abecẹ̑de (plural vocative)

From names of letters of the alphabet, a, bẹ̑, cẹ̑, dẹ̑.


pismo

pisemko (diminutive)
pismo (nominative singular)
pisma (nominative plural)
pisma (genitive singular)
pism (genitive plural)
pismu (dative singular)
pismom (dative plural)
pismo (accusative singular)
pisma (accusative plural)
pismem (instrumental singular)
pismami (instrumental plural)
piśmie (locative singular)
pismie (locative singular)
pismach (locative plural)
pismo (singular vocative)
pisma (plural vocative)

(countable, linguistics) script, writing system (system of graphemes used to record sounds or concepts; all letters making up a given alphabet)


pismo

písmo (canonical neuter)
пи́смо (Cyrillic)
písmo (nominative singular)
pisma (nominative plural)
pisma (genitive singular)
pȋsāmā (genitive plural)
pismu (dative singular)
pismima (dative plural)
pismo (accusative singular)
pisma (accusative plural)
pismo (singular vocative)
pisma (plural vocative)
pismu (locative singular)
pismima (locative plural)
pismom (instrumental singular)
pismima (instrumental plural)


писмо

пи́смо (canonical neuter)
písmo (romanization)
пи́смо (nominative singular)
писма (nominative plural)
писма (genitive singular)
пи̑са̄ма̄ (genitive plural)
писму (dative singular)
писмима (dative plural)
писмо (accusative singular)
писма (accusative plural)
писмо (singular vocative)
писма (plural vocative)
писму (locative singular)
писмима (locative plural)
писмом (instrumental singular)
писмима (instrumental plural)


ćirilica

ćirìlica (canonical feminine)
ћирѝлица (Cyrillic)
ćirilica (nominative singular)
ćirilice (genitive singular)
ćirilici (dative singular)
ćirilicu (accusative singular)
ćirilico (singular vocative)
ćirilici (locative singular)
ćirilicom (instrumental singular)


latinica

latìnica (canonical feminine)
латѝница (Cyrillic)
latinica (nominative singular)
latinice (genitive singular)
latinici (dative singular)
latinicu (accusative singular)
latinico (singular vocative)
latinici (locative singular)
latinicom (instrumental singular)


latinica

latȋnica (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
latínica (nominative singular)
latínice (genitive singular)
latínici (dative singular)
latínico (accusative singular)
latínici (locative singular)
latínico (instrumental singular)


Phoenician

Phoenicians (plural)
Phœnician (alternative)

Attested as a noun in Middle English as phenicienes (only plural); from Ancient Greek Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix, “Phoenician”).

der

The ancient civilisation of Phoenicia, and its empire

(historical) An inhabitant of Phoenicia (a country located on the shores of North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean Sea around the year 1000 BCE).


キリル文字

キリル文字 (canonical)
Kiriru moji (romanization)

[kʲiɾʲiɾɯ̟ mo̞ʑi]

キリル (Kiriru, Slavic given name Kirill, cognate of Cyril) + 文字 (moji, “letters, characters, script”). See キリル for more.


Devanagari

/ˌdeɪvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/

/ˌdɛvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/

/ˌdeɪvəˈnɑɡəɹi/

Borrowed from Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī), compound of देव (deva, “deity, divine”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).

bor+

The etymologies gave words from Hindustani in the Devanagari script accompanied by transliterations in parentheses.

2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes, volume 37, page 251:

Of the Devanagari script or of a Devanagari alphabet.


Devanagari

/ˌdeɪvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/

/ˌdɛvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/

/ˌdeɪvəˈnɑɡəɹi/

An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.


глаголица

bg-noun

глаго́лица • (glagólica) f

глаго́лица (canonical)
glagólica (romanization)
глаго́лица (indefinite singular)
глаго́лицата (definite singular)

bg-ndecl

глаго́лица</n:sg>

[ɡɫɐˈɡɔlit͡sɐ]


глаголица

mk-noun

глаголица • (glagolica) f (relational adjective глаголски)

glagolica (romanization)
глаголски (adjective relational)
глаголица (indefinite singular)
глаголицата (definite singular unspecified)
глаголицава (definite proximal singular)
глаголицана (definite distal singular)
глаголицо (singular vocative)

mk:глаголица


глаголица

ru-noun+

глаго́лица • (glagólica) f inan (genitive глаго́лицы, uncountable)

глаго́лица (canonical)
glagólica (romanization)
глаго́лицы (genitive)
глаго́лица (nominative singular)
глаго́лицы (genitive singular)
глаго́лице (dative singular)
глаго́лицу (accusative singular)
глаго́лицей (instrumental singular)
глаго́лицею (instrumental singular)
глаго́лице (prepositional singular)
глаго́лица (dated nominative singular)
глаго́лицы (dated genitive singular)
глаго́лицѣ (dated dative singular)
глаго́лицу (accusative dated singular)
глаго́лицей (dated instrumental singular)
глаго́лицею (dated instrumental singular)
глаго́лицѣ (dated prepositional singular)

[ɡɫɐˈɡolʲɪt͡sə]

Ru-глаголица.ogg

ru:глаголица


Glagolitic

/ˌɡlæɡəʊˈlɪtɪk/

/ˌɡlæɡəˈlɪtɪk/

Learned borrowing from New Latin glagoliticus, from Old Church Slavonic глаголица (glagolica), from глаголъ (glagolŭ, “word, speech”), Glagolitic spelling ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰻⱌⰰ (glagolica).

der

(linguistics) The oldest known Slavonic alphabet, designed around 862–863 by Saint Cyril in order to translate the Bible and other texts into Old Church Slavonic. Mostly replaced by Cyrillic alphabet in Orthodox Christian Slavic countries, but still in use in the Croatian Church along the Dalmatian coast, in Czech and Croatian recensions of Church Slavic.

格拉哥里字母

gélāgēlǐ zìmǔ


буквица

ru-noun+

бу́квица • (búkvica) f inan (genitive бу́квицы, nominative plural бу́квицы, genitive plural бу́квиц)

бу́квица (canonical)
búkvica (romanization)
бу́квицы (genitive)
бу́квицы (nominative plural)
бу́квиц (genitive plural)
бу́квица (nominative singular)
бу́квицы (nominative plural)
бу́квицы (genitive singular)
бу́квиц (genitive plural)
бу́квице (dative singular)
бу́квицам (dative plural)
бу́квицу (accusative singular)
бу́квицы (accusative plural)
бу́квицей (instrumental singular)
бу́квицею (instrumental singular)
бу́квицами (instrumental plural)
бу́квице (prepositional singular)
бу́квицах (plural prepositional)

→ English: Bukvitsa

ru:Буквица (криптолингвистика)
ru:Хиневич, Александр Юрьевич
ru:буквица

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bukъvica.
For sense 3, first coined by Russian neopagan esoteric A. Yu. Khinevich, founder of Ynglism.


振り仮名

振り仮名 (canonical)
furigana (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɾʲiɡa̠na̠]

From 振り (furi, “assigning”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 振る (furu, “to assign, to stick on, to apportion”)) + 仮名 (kana). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to 1813.

com

smaller kana printed next to (vertical) or above (horizontal) non-kana text as pronunciation guide