vert

en-adj

vert (comparative more vert, superlative most vert)

more vert (comparative)
most vert (superlative)

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour green.


vert

Inherited from Middle French and Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish verde. The Old French -t is due to regular final devoicing. The feminine was originally also vert and was extended with -e only during Middle French times, thus keeping the
devoiced sound.


vert

fr-adj

vert (feminine verte, masculine plural verts, feminine plural vertes)

verte (feminine)
verts (masculine plural)
vertes (feminine plural)

Haitian Creole: vèt, vè

Louisiana Creole: vè, vèr, vær

→ Wolof: wert

l’herbe est toujours plus verte ailleurs

l’herbe est toujours plus verte dans le pré du voisin

capitalisme vert

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly

(figuratively) green, environmentally friendly


vert

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Compare Italian verde.


vert

English: vert

Borrowed from Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis.


vert

English: vert


vert

fro-noun

vert oblique singular, m (oblique plural verz or vertz, nominative singular verz or vertz, nominative plural vert)

vert oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
verz (oblique plural)
vertz (oblique plural)
verz (nominative singular)
vertz (nominative singular)
vert (nominative plural)

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Italian verde and Spanish verde.


vert

From Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Cf. French vert, Italian verde and Spanish verde.


charcoal

en-adj

charcoal (comparative more charcoal, superlative most charcoal)

more charcoal (comparative)
most charcoal (superlative)

/ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/

From Middle English charcole, from charren (“to change, turn”) + cole (“coal”), from Old English cierran (“to change, turn”) + col (“coal”); equivalent to char (Etymology 3 (verb)) + coal.

But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:


acre

Borrowed from Latin ācrem. Doublet of agre, agro, and ágrio.

sharp (unpleasantly acrid or tart in taste)


copper

copper (comparative more copper, superlative most copper)

more copper (comparative)
most copper (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English coper, from Old English coper, copor (“copper”), from Late Latin cuprum (“copper”), contraction of Latin aes Cyprium (literally “Cyprian brass”), from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”). Cognate with Dutch koper (“copper”), German Kupfer (“copper”), Icelandic kopar (“copper”).

der

All in a hot and copper sky, / The bloody Sun, at noon, / Right up above the mast did stand, / No bigger than the Moon.

1797–1798 (date written), [Samuel Taylor Coleridge], “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], published 1798, →OCLC:

She seemed so alive, with her shining eyes and her copper hair and her jokes and funny stories, but there was always a mystery at the center of her life, the sound of wild sobbing my mother said she heard coming through the floor.

1999, Maria M. Gillan, Things My Mother Told Me, page 38:

Having the reddish-brown colour/color of copper.


ver

pt-verb

ver (first-person singular present vejo, first-person singular preterite vi, past participle visto)

vejo (first-person present singular)
vi (first-person preterite singular)
visto (participle past)
ver (impersonal infinitive)
ver (first-person infinitive singular)
veres (infinitive second-person singular)
ver (infinitive singular third-person)
vermos (first-person infinitive plural)
verdes (infinitive plural second-person)
verem (infinitive plural third-person)
vendo (gerund)
visto (masculine participle past singular)
vistos (masculine participle past plural)
vista (feminine participle past singular)
vistas (feminine participle past plural)
vejo (first-person indicative present singular)
vês (indicative present second-person singular)
vê (indicative present singular third-person)
vemos (first-person indicative plural present)
vedes (indicative plural present second-person)
veem (indicative plural present third-person)
vêem (indicative plural present third-person)
via (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vias (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
via (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
víamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
víeis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
viam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
viste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
viu (indicative preterite singular third-person)
vimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
vistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
viram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
vira (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
viras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vira (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
víramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
víreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
viram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
verei (first-person future indicative singular)
verás (future indicative second-person singular)
verá (future indicative singular third-person)
veremos (first-person future indicative plural)
vereis (future indicative plural second-person)
verão (future indicative plural third-person)
veria (conditional first-person singular)
verias (conditional second-person singular)
veria (conditional singular third-person)
veríamos (conditional first-person plural)
veríeis (conditional plural second-person)
veriam (conditional plural third-person)
veja (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vejas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
veja (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vejamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vejais (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vejam (plural present subjunctive third-person)
visse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
visses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
visse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
víssemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vísseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vissem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vir (first-person future singular subjunctive)
vires (future second-person singular subjunctive)
vir (future singular subjunctive third-person)
virmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
virdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
virem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
vê (imperative second-person singular)
veja (imperative singular third-person)
vejamos (first-person imperative plural)
vede (imperative plural second-person)
vejam (imperative plural third-person)
não vejas (imperative negative second-person singular)
não veja (imperative negative singular third-person)
não vejamos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não vejais (imperative negative plural second-person)
não vejam (imperative negative plural third-person)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese veer, from Latin vidēre (“to see”), from Proto-Italic *widēō (“I see”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”).

der

Abriram uma escola para os que não veem.

They've opened a school for those who cannot see.

(intransitive) to see (to be able to see; not to be blind or blinded)


canary

en-noun

canary (countable and uncountable, plural canaries)

From French canarie, from Spanish canario, from the Latin Canariae insulae (“Canary Islands”) (Spanish Islas Canarias); from the largest island Insula Canaria (“Dog Island" or "Canine Island”), named for its dogs, from canārius (“canine”), from canis (“dog”).

der

Ile to my honeſt knight ſir Iohn Falſtaffe, / And drinke Canary with him.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, […] [T]he Merrie Wiues of Windsor. […] (First Quarto), London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Arthur Ihonson, […], published 1602, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

And though the annals of the period do not show us that there was less ale drawn, or less canary called for; men got dry with the heat of polemical discussion, and drunk with a text, not the fag end of a ballad, in their mouths; and people made a sort of morality of straight hair, long faces, and sad-coloured garments.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 190:

Or maybe you'd accept iv a couple o' bottles of claret or canaries?

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In Which a Liberty Is Taken with Mr. Nutter’s Name, and Mr. Dangerfield Stands at the Altar”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume II, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 234:

(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.


bel

sh-adj

bȇl (Cyrillic spelling бе̑л, definite bȇlī, comparative bèljī)

bȇl (canonical)
бе̑л (Cyrillic)
bȇlī (definite)
bèljī (comparative)


jaune

Inherited from Middle French jaune, iaune, from Old French jaune, jalne, from Latin galbinus.


jaune

head

jaune m (feminine singular jauna, masculine plural jaunes, feminine plural jaunas)

jauna (feminine singular)
jaunes (masculine plural)
jaunas (feminine plural)


jaune

fro-noun

jaune oblique singular, m (oblique plural jaunes, nominative singular jaunes, nominative plural jaune)

jaune oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jaunes (oblique plural)
jaunes (nominative singular)
jaune (nominative plural)

Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:


jaune

head

jaune m (oblique and nominative feminine singular jaune)

jaune (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: jaune, iaune

French: jaune

→ Italian: giallo

→ Venetian: zalo

Fiumano: jalo

Emilian: śal

Norman: jaone (Guernsey), jâone (Cotentin), jaûne (Jersey)

Walloon: djaene

Sicilian: giarnu (from "jalne")


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(sometimes capitalized) By U.S. Census Bureau definition, of or relating to people hailing from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

(of a person or skin) Lacking coloration (tan) from ultraviolet light; not tanned.


rose

en-noun

rose (countable and uncountable, plural roses)

→ Marshallese: rooj

→ Tokelauan: loha

From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa. The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likely via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var^əδa-), Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /gul/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).

A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.


rose

Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.

rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximium


rose

Inherited from Middle French rose, from Old French rose, borrowed from Latin rosa (the expected form if it was inherited would be *reuse).


hear

en-verb

hear (third-person singular simple present hears, present participle hearing, simple past and past participle heard)

hears (present singular third-person)
hearing (participle present)
heard (participle past)
heard (past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti
Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną
Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan
Old English hīeran
Middle English heren
English hear
From Middle English heren, from Old English hīeran (“to hear”), from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) + *h₂ows- (“ear”) + *-yéti (denominative suffix).
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian heere (“to hear”), West Frisian hearre (“to hear”), Dutch horen (“to hear”), German hören (“to hear”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål høre (“to hear”), Norwegian Nynorsk høyra (“to hear”), Icelandic heyra (“to hear”), Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “I hear”).

inh

I was deaf, and now I can hear.

(intransitive, stative) To perceive sounds through the ear.

I heard a sound from outside the window.

Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

(transitive, stative) To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way.

Agayne there was dissencion amonge the iewes for these sayinges, and many of them sayd: He hath the devyll, and is madde: why heare ye hym?

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John:

It had been his intention to go to Wimbledon, but as he himself said: “Why be blooming well frizzled when you can hear all the results over the wireless. And results are all that concern me. […]”

1935, George Goodchild, chapter 3, in Death on the Centre Court:

(transitive) To exercise this faculty intentionally; to listen to.

Eventually the king chose to hear her entreaties.

(transitive) To listen favourably to; to grant (a request etc.).

Your case will be heard at the end of the month.

(transitive, law) To listen to (a person, case) in a court of law; to try.


chamois

Borrowed from Middle French chamois, from Late Latin camox, from Gaulish camox (5th c. AD, Polemius Silvius), probably from an extinct Alpine language (Raetic, Ancient Ligurian), possibly Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“without horns”). Compare also Old High German gamiza (“chamois”) (whence modern German Gämse).


touch

en-verb

touch (third-person singular simple present touches, present participle touching, simple past and past participle touched)

touches (present singular third-person)
touching (participle present)
touched (participle past)
touched (past)
touch (infinitive)

From Middle English touchen, tochen, from Old French tochier (“to touch”) (whence Modern French toucher; compare French doublet toquer (“to offend, bother, harass”)), from Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”), from Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”), from Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”). Displaced native Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan (whence Modern English rine).
cognates
Cognate with Old High German zochhōn, zuhhōn (“to grasp, take, seize, snatch”) (whence German zucken (“to jerk, flinch”)), German Low German tucken, tocken (“to fidget, twitch, pull up, entice, throb, knock, repeatedly tap”), Middle Dutch tocken, tucken (“to touch, entice”) (whence Dutch tokkelen (“to strum, pluck”)), Old English tucian, tūcian (“to disturb, mistreat”) (whence Modern English tuck). Compare also Old High German tokkōn, tockōn (“to abut, collide”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian cek (“to touch”), Old Church Slavonic тъкнѫти (tŭknǫti). More at tuck, take.

der

Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”)

Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”)

Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”)

Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”)

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

I touched his face softly.

While thus she spake, / She toucht his eye-lashes with libant lip / And breath'd ambrosial odours; […]

1803, Walter Savage Landor, “Book VI”, in Gebir; a Poem: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Slatter and Munday; and sold by R. S. Kirby, […], →OCLC, page 107:

(transitive) To make physical contact with; to bring the hand, finger or other part of the body into contact with.

Sitting on the bench, the hem of her skirt touched the ground.

(transitive) To come into (involuntary) contact with; to meet or intersect.

To come into (involuntary) contact with; to meet or intersect.

They stood next to each other, their shoulders touching.

(intransitive) To come into physical contact, or to be in physical contact.

To come into physical contact, or to be in physical contact.

Please can I have a look, if I promise not to touch?

(intransitive) To make physical contact with a thing.

Primarily physical senses.
To make physical contact with a thing.

If you touch her, I'll kill you.

Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 27:28-29:

(transitive) To physically disturb; to interfere with, molest, or attempt to harm through contact.

The man was arrested for touching a girl without her consent.

(transitive) To make intimate physical contact with a person.

To make intimate physical contact with a person.

Her parents had caught her touching herself when she was fifteen.

(transitive or reflexive) To sexually excite with the fingers; to finger or masturbate.

To sexually excite with the fingers; to finger or masturbate.

He quickly touched his knee to the worn marble.

The demonstrator nearly touched the rod on the ball.

She touched her lips to the glass.

(transitive) To cause to be briefly in contact with something.

To cause to be briefly in contact with something.

Frankly, this wood's so strong that sandpaper won't touch it.

(transitive) To physically affect in specific ways implied by context.

To physically affect in specific ways implied by context.

Are you all right? You've hardly touched your lunch.

But Richmond[…]appeared to lose himself in his own reflections. Some pickled crab, which he had not touched, had been removed with a damson pie; and his sister saw[…]that he had eaten no more than a spoonful of that either.

1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

(transitive) To consume, or otherwise use.

Primarily physical senses.
To consume, or otherwise use.

Now a certain grand merchant ship once touched at Rokovoko, and its commander — from all accounts, a very stately punctilious gentleman, at least for a sea captain — this commander was invited to the wedding feast of Queequeg's sister, a pretty young princess just turned of ten.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

(intransitive) Of a ship or its passengers: to land, to make a short stop (at).

Of a ship or its passengers: to land, to make a short stop (at).

But in fact the English kings of the seventeenth century usually began to touch form the day of their accession, without waiting for any such consecration.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 189:

(transitive, now historical) To lay hands on (someone suffering from scrofula) as a form of cure, as formerly practised by English and French monarchs.

Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not touch upon silver.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

(intransitive, obsolete) To fasten; to take effect; to make impression.

To fasten; to take effect; to make impression.

(nautical) To bring (a sail) so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.

(intransitive, nautical) To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.

to touch the wind

(nautical) To keep the ship as near (the wind) as possible.

To keep the ship as near (the wind) as possible.

This year, J. Allen Collier, the artistic director and producer, invited choreographers to create dance pieces exploring the multi-faceted responses to the AIDS crisis. This thematic unity touched the show with additional solemnity and grace.

1988 April 9, Vicki Gabriner, “Dancing for the Living and the Dead”, in Gay Community News, page 6:

My grandfather, as many people know, was touched with greatness.

(transitive) To imbue or endow with a specific quality.

To imbue or endow with a specific quality.

Next to sorrow still I may annex such accidents as procure fear; for besides those terrors which I have before touched, […] there is a superstitious fear […] which much trouble many of us.

(transitive, archaic) To deal with in speech or writing; to mention briefly, to allude to.

"Well, but since we have touched upon this business, and for the last time I hope," continued the doctor, "there is one point I should like you to understand."

1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC:

(intransitive) To deal with in speech or writing; briefly to speak or write (on or upon something).

Men of Israhell take hede to youreselves what ye entende to do as touchinge these men.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. They were plainly intended to have a bracing moral effect, and perhaps had this result for the people at whom they were aimed. They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

And now it seemed he was engaged in something which touched them closely, but must be hidden from their knowledge.

1919, Saki, ‘The Penance’, The Toys of Peace, Penguin 2000 (Complete Short Stories), page 423

(transitive) To concern, to have to do with.

Primarily non-physical senses.
To concern, to have to do with.

If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent
to offend, for if it touch not you, it comes near
nobody.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

Stefan was touched by the song's message of hope.

(transitive) To affect emotionally; to bring about tender or painful feelings in.

He had been drinking over lunch, and was clearly touched.

(transitive, dated) To affect in a negative way, especially only slightly.

To affect in a negative way, especially only slightly.

The bill was finally touched after many hours of deliberation.

(transitive, Scottish history) To give royal assent to by touching it with the sceptre.

To give royal assent to by touching it with the sceptre.

I was running short, so I touched old Bertie for a fiver.

(transitive, slang) To obtain money from, usually by borrowing (from a friend).

To obtain money from, usually by borrowing (from a friend).

You must be touched if you think I'm taking your advice.

(transitive, always passive) To disturb the mental functions of; to make somewhat insane; often followed with "in the head".

There was his mistress, Maria Morano. I don't think I've ever seen anything to touch her, and when you work for the screen [as I do] you're apt to have a pretty exacting standard of female beauty.

1928, Dorothy L. Sayers, “The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers”, in Lord Peter Views the Body:

'Lind Arden was a great genius, one of the greatest tragic actresses in the world. As Lady Macbeth, as Magda, there was no one to touch her.'

1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 6, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 118:

(transitive, in negative constructions) To be on the level of; to approach in excellence or quality.

To be on the level of; to approach in excellence or quality.

On Sunday afternoon it was as dark as night, with barely room for two riders abreast on a gradient that touches 20%.

2012 July 15, Richard Williams, Tour de France 2012: Carpet tacks cannot force Bradley Wiggins off track, Guardian Unlimited:

(transitive) To come close to; to approach.

Primarily non-physical senses.
To come close to; to approach.

(transitive, computing) To mark (a file or document) as having been modified.

To mark (a file or document) as having been modified.


touch

en-noun

touch (countable and uncountable, plural touches)

With the lights out, she had to rely on touch to find her desk.

The faculty or sense of perception by physical contact.


青

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青):
* → Japanese: 青(せい) (sei)
* → Korean: 청(靑) (cheong)
* → Vietnamese: thanh (青)

→ Tocharian B: tseṃ m (“blue”), tseñña f

→ Vietnamese: xanh (“green”)

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

Second round of simplified Chinese characters

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”); a more conservative variant is 𤯞. Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.
In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (yuè, “moon”).
The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

inh

靑
寈
㞭
𡗡
𡴏
𡴑
𡷉
𤯝
𤯞

青BB


青

青 (canonical)
ao (romanization)
awo (romanization)
あを (hiragana historical)

/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨(あめ) (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲(いね) (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.


kara

head

kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)

karayı (accusative definite)
karalar (plural)
kara (nominative singular)
karalar (nominative plural)
karayı (accusative definite singular)
karaları (accusative definite plural)
karaya (dative singular)
karalara (dative plural)
karada (locative singular)
karalarda (locative plural)
karadan (ablative singular)
karalardan (ablative plural)
karanın (genitive singular)
karaların (genitive plural)
karam (first-person nominative singular)
karalarım (first-person nominative singular)
karan (nominative second-person singular)
karaların (nominative second-person singular)
karası (nominative singular third-person)
karaları (nominative singular third-person)
karamız (first-person nominative plural)
karalarımız (first-person nominative plural)
karanız (nominative plural second-person)
karalarınız (nominative plural second-person)
karaları (nominative plural third-person)
karamı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karalarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karanı (accusative definite second-person singular)
karalarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
karasını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karalarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karamızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karalarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karanızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karalarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karalarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
karama (dative first-person singular)
karalarıma (dative first-person singular)
karana (dative second-person singular)
karalarına (dative second-person singular)
karasına (dative singular third-person)
karalarına (dative singular third-person)
karamıza (dative first-person plural)
karalarımıza (dative first-person plural)
karanıza (dative plural second-person)
karalarınıza (dative plural second-person)
karalarına (dative plural third-person)
karamda (first-person locative singular)
karalarımda (first-person locative singular)
karanda (locative second-person singular)
karalarında (locative second-person singular)
karasında (locative singular third-person)
karalarında (locative singular third-person)
karamızda (first-person locative plural)
karalarımızda (first-person locative plural)
karanızda (locative plural second-person)
karalarınızda (locative plural second-person)
karalarında (locative plural third-person)
karamdan (ablative first-person singular)
karalarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
karandan (ablative second-person singular)
karalarından (ablative second-person singular)
karasından (ablative singular third-person)
karalarından (ablative singular third-person)
karamızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karanızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karalarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karalarından (ablative plural third-person)
karamın (first-person genitive singular)
karalarımın (first-person genitive singular)
karanın (genitive second-person singular)
karalarının (genitive second-person singular)
karasının (genitive singular third-person)
karalarının (genitive singular third-person)
karamızın (first-person genitive plural)
karalarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
karanızın (genitive plural second-person)
karalarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
karalarının (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”).


eyelid

From Middle English eyelidd, eye-led, eiȝelid, eghe-lydd, yȝe-lydd, ehlid, yhelidd, equivalent to eye + lid. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Oogenlid (“eyelid”), West Frisian eachlid (“eyelid”), Dutch ooglid (“eyelid”), German Low German Ooglidd (“eyelid”), German Augenlid (“eyelid”).
Generally superseded non-native Middle English palpebre (“eyelid”), borrowed from Latin palpebra (“eyelid”) (see Modern English palpebra).

By his neeſings a light doth ſhine, and his eyes are like the eye-liddes of the morning.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 41:18, column 2:

A thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye.

ooglid

anatomy: a thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye


flaxen

From Middle English flaxen, flexon, flexin, from Old English fleaxen (“of flax; flaxen”), equivalent to flax + -en (“made of”). Compare Dutch vlassen.

flaxen:

The couple and their children have flaxen hair.

(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.


lam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藍, from Literary Chinese 藍 (lán), using the same disambiguation of 青 (“grue”) with 藍／蓝 (lán, “blue”) and 綠／绿 (lục, “green”). See also xanh (“grue”).


listen

en-verb

listen (third-person singular simple present listens, present participle listening, simple past and past participle listened)

listens (present singular third-person)
listening (participle present)
listened (participle past)
listened (past)

From Middle English listenen, listnen, alteration (due to Middle English listen (“to listen, give heed to”)) of Old English hlysnan (“to listen”), from Proto-Germanic *hlusnijaną, *hlusnōną (compare Middle High German lüsenen), from Proto-Germanic *hlusēną (compare Old High German hlosēn), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”) (compare Ancient Greek κλαίω (klaíō, “I make known, famous”), Welsh clywed (“to hear”), Latin clueō (“I am famous”), Lithuanian klausýti, Old Church Slavonic слушати (slušati, “to hear”), Sanskrit श्रोषति (śróṣati). Related to loud and German lauschen.

cog

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

Please listen carefully as I explain.

It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street.[…]. He halted opposite the Privy Gardens, and, with his face turned skywards, listened until the sound of the Tower guns smote again on the ear and dispelled his doubts.

1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:

He reined Wrangle to a walk, halted now and then to listen, and then proceeded cautiously with shifting and alert gaze.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 4, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

'But, sir, lyars ye have lystened, and that hath caused grete debate betwyxte you and me.'

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, Book XX:

Lady, vouchsafe to listen what I say.

1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

Here laid his Scrip, with wholesome Viands fill'd, / There, listening every Noise, his watchful Dog.

a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:

I'm listening to what you say / Even though I look the other way / But you could never understand / The feeling of what I'm needing

2007, KT Tunstall (lyrics and music), “Saving My Face”, in Drastic Fantastic:

(intransitive except in archaic usage) To use one's sense of hearing in an intentional way; to make deliberate use of one's ears; to pay attention to or wait for a specific sound.


listen

Give the motor a listen and tell me if it sounds off.

The diss song, “Back to Back,” now has more than 124 million listens, a sign that the streaming can attract a sizable audience for a single track.

2016 March 29, Victor Luckerson, “There's a New Way To Listen To All the Remixes You Want”, in Time:

I hadn't spoken to her in a year, but she could still see my listens on the music platform we both used.

2020, Emily Segal, Mercury Retrograde, New York: Deluge Books, →ISBN:


blonde

Alternative form of blond (person of fair hair). (Used especially of a woman. See the usage notes in the entry blond.)

blond

blonde:

Alternative form of blond (pale golden brown color).

Coordinate term: redhead

Most [camera crews] carry two blondes and three redheads or their equivalents. Blondes are 2000 watt lamps traditionally with yellow heads (or shells) used to light fairly large areas — also referred to as 2Ks — and redheads smaller 800 watt lamps traditionally with red shells to light faces.

2012, Colin Hart, Television Program Making, page 63:

(film, television, theater) A kind of 2,000-watt lamp.


blonde

en-verb

blonde (third-person singular simple present blondes, present participle blonding, simple past and past participle blonded)

blondes (present singular third-person)
blonding (participle present)
blonded (participle past)
blonded (past)

Most women who blonde their hair today have been doing it for several years.

1964, LIFE, volume 56, number 10, page 25:

(especially of a woman) Alternative form of blond


赤

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.


nose

English: nose

Scots: nos, nose, nois

From Old English nosu, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu.


nose

English: noose

Probably from Old French nous, nos, nominative singular of nou, no (“knot”).


honey

en-noun

honey (usually uncountable, plural honeys or (archaic) honies)

→ Japanese: ハニー (hanī)

→⇒ Jarai: ia hơni

→ Marshallese: ōne

Sranan Tongo: oni

Tok Pisin: hani

From Middle English hony, honi, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą (compare West Frisian hunich, German Honig), from earlier *hunangą (compare Swedish honung), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂onk-o-s, from *kn̥h₂ónks.
Cognate with Middle Welsh canecon (“gold”), Latin canicae pl (“bran”), Tocharian B kronkśe (“bee”), Albanian qengjë (“beehive”), Ancient Greek κνῆκος (knêkos, “safflower”), Northern Kurdish şan (“beehive”), Northern Luri گونج (gonj, “bee”), Finnish hunaja.

cog

dip me in honey and throw me to the lesbians

don't get your honey where you make your money

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

honey:

A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow colour, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey.


honey

en-adj

honey (comparative honeyer or honier, superlative honeyest or honiest)

honeyer (comparative)
honier (comparative)
honeyest (superlative)
honiest (superlative)

Then I looked close at the scalp he stroked, which was of the silkiest blonde. For a moment I was sure it come from Olga’s dear head, and reckoned also he had little Gus’s fine skull-cover someplace among his filthy effects, the stinking old savage, living out his life of murder, rapine, and squalor, and I almost knifed him before I collected myself and realized the hair was honeyer than my Swedish wife’s.

1964, Thomas Berger, “My Indian Wife”, in Little Big Man, New York, N.Y.: The Dial Press, →LCCN, page 214:

Of a pale yellow to brownish-yellow colour, like most types of honey.


honey

en-verb

honey (third-person singular simple present honeys, present participle honeying, simple past and past participle honeyed)

honeys (present singular third-person)
honeying (participle present)
honeyed (participle past)
honeyed (past)

[O]ne / Discuss'd his tutor, rough to common men / But honeying at the whisper of a lord; / And one the Master, as a rogue in grain / Veneer'd with sanctimonious theory.

1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 6:

(intransitive) To be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.


dodo

Noun sense derives from the ideophone sense.

rẹ̀ dòdò

Ara wọn rẹ̀ dòdò bíi ẹ̀jẹ̀.

Àwọn Yorùbá kì í wọ aṣọ tó bá rẹ̀ dòdò.

1997, Sachnine Michika, “dòdò”, in Dictionnaire usuel yorùbá-français suivi d'un index français-yorùbá (overall work in French), Ibadan, Nigeria: Éditions Karthala and IFRA-Ibadan, →ISBN, page 220:

The Yoruba do not wear bright red clothes.

Ó rẹ̀ dòdò bí òòrùn alẹ́.

2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, “dòdò”, in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:

It turned deep red like the late evening sun.

Ó já sí pápá, ó rẹ̀ dòdò, ó so igba àdó mọ́rí.

It bursts into the open field, it comes out in deep red, it ties two hundred tiny gourds on its head (riddle = imí/ìgbẹ́ (feces))

Ìlẹ̀pa dòdò kì í jẹ́ kí òkú bẹ̀nìyàn wò.

2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, quoting A. Babalola, “dòdò”, in Orin Ọdẹ fún Àṣeyẹ, number LDC2008L03, 1973, Ibadan: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Ltd., page 26, quoted in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:

The deep red laterite from fresh grave does not allow the dead to come and visit his relations.

12: Ojú rẹ̀ yóò rẹ̀ dòdò ju wáìnì lọ.

2009, “Gẹnẹsisi 49”, in Bíbélì Mímọ́ Yorùbá Òde Òn [Yoruba Contemporary Bible (YCB)], Biblica, Inc:

12: His eyes will become redder than wine.

(of an object) being deeply or richly red

dòdòòdò

of an object being very deeply or richly red

rẹ̀ dòdò

to be a deep red, (of a sauce) to look appetizing


invisibly

en-adv

invisibly (comparative more invisibly, superlative most invisibly)

more invisibly (comparative)
most invisibly (superlative)

In a way that can not be seen; in an invisible manner.


read

rēad (canonical)
rēad (masculine nominative singular)
rēad (feminine nominative singular)
rēad (neuter nominative singular)
rēadne (accusative masculine singular)
rēade (accusative feminine singular)
rēad (accusative neuter singular)
rēades (genitive masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine genitive singular)
rēades (genitive neuter singular)
rēadum (dative masculine singular)
rēadre (dative feminine singular)
rēadum (dative neuter singular)
rēade (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine instrumental singular)
rēade (instrumental neuter singular)
rēade (masculine nominative plural)
rēada (feminine nominative plural)
rēade (feminine nominative plural)
rēad (neuter nominative plural)
rēade (accusative masculine plural)
rēada (accusative feminine plural)
rēade (accusative feminine plural)
rēad (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)
rēada (masculine nominative singular)
rēade (feminine nominative singular)
rēade (neuter nominative singular)
rēadan (accusative masculine singular)
rēadan (accusative feminine singular)
rēade (accusative neuter singular)
rēadan (genitive masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine genitive singular)
rēadan (genitive neuter singular)
rēadan (dative masculine singular)
rēadan (dative feminine singular)
rēadan (dative neuter singular)
rēadan (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine instrumental singular)
rēadan (instrumental neuter singular)
rēadan (masculine nominative plural)
rēadan (feminine nominative plural)
rēadan (neuter nominative plural)
rēadan (accusative masculine plural)
rēadan (accusative feminine plural)
rēadan (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadena (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadena (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadena (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: red, redde, reed, read, ræd
English: red
Scots: rede, reid
Yola: reed

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.
Germanic cognates: Old Frisian rād (West Frisian read), Old Saxon rōd (Low German root, rod), Dutch rood, Old High German rōt (German rot), Old Norse rauðr (Danish rød, Swedish röd, Icelandic rauður), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs).
Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Latin ruber, Old Irish rúad, Lithuanian raũdas, Russian рудо́й (rudój).


read

read (adverbial positive predicative)
reader (adverbial comparative predicative)
it readst (adverbial predicative superlative)
it readste (adverbial predicative superlative)
reade (common-gender indefinite positive singular)
readere (common-gender comparative indefinite singular)
readste (common-gender indefinite singular superlative)
read (indefinite neuter positive singular)
reader (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
readste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
reade (indefinite plural positive)
readere (comparative indefinite plural)
readste (indefinite plural superlative)
reade (definite positive)
readere (comparative definite)
readste (definite superlative)
reads (partitive positive)
readers (comparative partitive)


smell

en-noun

smell (countable and uncountable, plural smells)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld-
Proto-West Germanic *smalljan
Old English *smiellan
Middle English smellen
English smell
From Middle English smellen, smillen, smyllen, smullen, from Old English *smyllan, *smiellan (“to smell, emit fumes”), from Proto-West Germanic *smallijan (“to glow, burn, smoulder”), from Proto-Indo-European *smel- (“to burn, smoke, smoulder; tar, pitch”). The noun is from Middle English smel, smil, smul (“smell, odour”). Related to Saterland Frisian smeele (“to smoulder”), Middle Dutch smōlen (“to burn, smoulder”) (whence Dutch smeulen (“to smoulder”)), Middle Low German smölen (“to be hazy, be dusty”) (whence Low German smölen (“smoulder”)), Low German smullen (“emit smoke”), West Flemish smoel (“stuffy, muggy, hazy”), Danish smul (“dust, powder”), Lithuanian smilkyti (“to incense, fumigate”), Lithuanian smilkti (“to smudge, smolder, fume, reek”), Lithuanian smalkinti (“to fume”), Middle Irish smál, smól, smúal (“fire, gleed, embers, ashes”), Russian смола́ (smolá, “resin, tar”). Compare smoulder, smother.

cog

I love the smell of fresh bread.

The penetrating smell of cabbage reached the nose of Toad as he lay prostrate in his misery on the floor, and gave him the idea for a moment that perhaps life was not such a blank and desperate thing as he had imagined. But still he wailed, and kicked with his legs, and refused to be comforted. So the wise girl retired for the time, but, of course, a good deal of the smell of hot cabbage remained behind, as it will do, and Toad, between his sobs, sniffed and reflected, and gradually began to think new and inspiring thoughts: of chivalry, and poetry[…]

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

A sensation, pleasant or unpleasant, detected by inhaling air (or, the case of water-breathing animals, water) carrying airborne molecules of a substance.

aroma

(sensation): see Thesaurus:smell; pleasant

niff

(sensation): see Thesaurus:smell; unpleasant


raspberry

→ Japanese: ラズベリー (razuberī)

From earlier raspis berry, possibly from raspise (a sweet rose-colored wine), from Anglo-Latin vinum raspeys, of uncertain origin. Possibly related to rasp (“coarse, rough”), of Germanic origin.

عُلَّيْق m (ʕullayq) (which also means blackberry)

Any of many other (but not all) species in the genus Rubus.

The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.


raspberry

en-adj

raspberry (comparative raspberrier, superlative raspberriest)

raspberrier (comparative)
raspberriest (superlative)

She wore a raspberry beret / The kind you find in a second hand store

1985, Prince (lyrics and music), “Raspberry Beret”, in Around the World in a Day, performed by Prince and the Revolution:


raspberry

en-verb

raspberry (third-person singular simple present raspberries, present participle raspberrying, simple past and past participle raspberried)

raspberries (present singular third-person)
raspberrying (participle present)
raspberried (participle past)
raspberried (past)

[…] she stuck burrs in my bed and lead me through the nettle-patch when we were raspberrying, because she knew I did n't know nettles; […]

1903, M. E. Waller, A Daughter of the Rich, Little, Brown, and Company, published 1903, page 137:

"Owen and she went raspberrying in the woods back of her farm," answered Anne. "They won't be back before supper time—if then."

1917, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 37, in Anne's House of Dreams:

[…] Mrs. Thrifty was picking pie cherries, two boys were raspberrying, and the fourth son, as I recall it, blueberrying.

1944, Cornelius Weygandt, The Heart of New Hampshire: Things Held Dear by Folks of the Old Stocks, G. P. Putnam's Sons, published 1944, page 129:

My mother told my sister Sally and me that if we were good little girls we might go raspberrying up on the mountains when the raspberries were ripe.

1976, Emily Ward, The Way Things Were: An Autobiography of Emily Ward, Newport Press (1976), page 4

In strawberry time she had seen individual bears grazing in the meadows along the bluff, and later, while raspberrying, she heard one gobbling fruit and snorting on the other side of the bush.

1988, Charles McCarry, The Bride of the Wilderness, MysteriousPress.com, published 2011, →ISBN:


raspberry

Cockney rhyming slang, from raspberry tart = fart (though "raspberry" is rarely used for a fart, merely a noise which imitates it). Compare raspberry ripple = cripple.

Of the announcement, Osborne said: "They have spent a hundred billion pounds of public money and they've got a massive raspberry from everyone as far as I can see. As a PR exercise, it's been an object lesson in how not to make a government announcement."

2021 December 1, “Network News: Integrated Rail Plan: Osborne predicts HS2 eastern leg will return”, in RAIL, number 945, page 8:

(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


flesh

en-noun

flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

2018 May 8, Raj Patel, Jason W Moore, “How the chicken nugget became the true symbol of our era”, in The Guardian:
Chicken is already the most popular meat in the US, and is projected to be the planet’s favourite flesh by 2020.

For all flesh is as grasse, and all the glory of man as the flowre of grasse: the grasse withereth, and the flowre thereof falleth away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 1:24:

For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that yee cannot doe the things that yee would.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:17:

1929 January, Bassett Morgan (Grace Jones), Bimini, first published in Weird Tales, reprinted 1949, in Avon Fantasy Reader, Issue 10,
But death had no gift for me, no power to free me from flesh.

(religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.


pula

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula. Compare Aklanon puea and Asi puya.


blond

en-adj

blond (comparative blonder or more blond, superlative blondest or most blond)

blonder (comparative)
more blond (comparative)
blondest (superlative)
most blond (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French blond m, from Old French blond, blont, blund, (> Medieval Latin blondus), from Frankish *blund (“a mixed color between golden and light-brown”), from Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“mixed, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to become turbid, see badly, go blind”). Compare Old English blondenfeax (“grey-haired”), Old English blandan (“to mix”). More at blend.
Alternative etymology connects Frankish *blund to Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“blond”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥ndʰ-, *bʰlendʰ- (“blond, red-haired”). If so, then it would be cognate with Sanskrit ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale red, yellowish”).

cog

“She was so blond, that where it said 'sign here,' she wrote Gemini.” He had given her only the weakest of smiles.

2010, Mariah Stewart, Moon Dance, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:

Katelyn's laugh was nearly uncontrollable. “You are so blond sometimes,” she said with a long laughing sigh, but then calmed herself down.

2002, Michael Jay, The Altherian Code, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 118:

Alternative spelling of blonde (“stupid”)


blond

nl-adj

blond (comparative blonder, superlative blondst)

blonder (comparative)
blondst (superlative)
blond (adverbial positive predicative)
blonder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het blondst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het blondste (adverbial predicative superlative)
blonde (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
blondere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
blondste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
blond (indefinite neuter positive singular)
blonder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
blondste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
blonde (indefinite plural positive)
blondere (comparative indefinite plural)
blondste (indefinite plural superlative)
blonde (definite positive)
blondere (comparative definite)
blondste (definite superlative)
blonds (partitive positive)
blonders (comparative partitive)

→ Papiamentu: blònt

From Middle Dutch blont, from Old French blond, Medieval Latin blondus, from Germanic.

Hij heeft mooi blond haar.

Mijn moeder drinkt graag sterke blonde trappistenbieren.

My mother likes to drink strong blonde trappist beers.

blond, fair; of light color (usually said about light hair color, but it can also refer to beer)


blond

pl-adj

blond (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from French blond, from Middle French blond, from Old French blond, blont, blund, from Medieval Latin blondus, from Frankish *blund, from Proto-Germanic *blundaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ-.

blond kolor

blond odcień

blond modelka

blond piękność

blond czupryna

blond peruka

blond loki

blond warkocze

blond wąsy

blond włosy

farbowany/przefarbowany/ufarbowany na blond

zrobiony na blond

ciemny blond

jasny blond

platynowy blond

popielaty blond

naturalny blond

tleniony blond


blond

(colloquial) blond (which has a color intermediate between golden and light brown)


blow

en-adj

blow (comparative blower or more blow, superlative blowest or most blow)

blower (comparative)
more blow (comparative)
blowest (superlative)
most blow (superlative)

From Middle English blo, bloo, from Old English blāw (“blue”), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue, grey, black”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with Latin flavus (“yellow”). Doublet of blue.

der

(now chiefly puristic, dialectal, Northern England) Blue.


sweet

en-adj

sweet (comparative sweeter, superlative sweetest)

sweeter (comparative)
sweetest (superlative)

nonsweet

antonym(s) of “containing a sweetening ingredient”

dry

of wines: retaining a portion of natural sugar

decaying

antonym(s) of “not decaying, fermented, rancid, sour, spoiled, or stale”

sour

antonym(s) of “free from excessive unwanted substances”

lame

antonym(s) of “(informal) very pleasing”

From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.

money won is twice as sweet as money earned

sweet butter

a sweet scent

Though the breath of these flowers is sweet to me, / I will give them all back again.

1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Reaper and the Flowers”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, page 8:


rod

head

rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)

roder (comparative)
rodest (superlative)
rod (masculine nominative weak)
rod (feminine nominative weak)
rod (neuter nominative weak)
rode (nominative plural weak)
rode (accusative masculine weak)
rod (accusative feminine weak)
rod (accusative neuter weak)
rode (accusative plural weak)
rode (dative masculine weak)
rode (dative feminine weak)
rode (dative neuter weak)
rode (dative plural weak)
roder (masculine nominative strong)
rode (feminine nominative strong)
rodes (neuter nominative strong)
rode (nominative plural strong)
rode (accusative masculine strong)
rode (accusative feminine strong)
rodes (accusative neuter strong)
rode (accusative plural strong)
rodem (dative masculine strong)
roder (dative feminine strong)
rodem (dative neuter strong)
rode (dative plural strong)

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.

inh

Die Blumme sin rod.

Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.

Sie hod en rode Naas.


rod

osx-adj

rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)

rōd (canonical)
rōdoro (comparative)
rōdost (superlative)
rōd (masculine nominative singular strong)
rōde (masculine nominative plural strong)
rōd (neuter nominative singular strong)
rōde (neuter nominative plural strong)
rōd (feminine nominative singular strong)
rōdu (feminine nominative plural strong)
rōdana (accusative masculine singular strong)
rōde (accusative masculine plural strong)
rōd (accusative neuter singular strong)
rōde (accusative neuter plural strong)
rōda (accusative feminine singular strong)
rōdu (accusative feminine plural strong)
rōdes (genitive masculine singular strong)
rōdarō (genitive masculine plural strong)
rōdes (genitive neuter singular strong)
rōdarō (genitive neuter plural strong)
rōdaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
rōdarō (feminine genitive plural strong)
rōdumu (dative masculine singular strong)
rōdum (dative masculine plural strong)
rōdumu (dative neuter singular strong)
rōdum (dative neuter plural strong)
rōdaro (dative feminine singular strong)
rōdum (dative feminine plural strong)
rōdo (masculine nominative singular weak)
rōdu (masculine nominative plural weak)
rōda (neuter nominative singular weak)
rōdu (neuter nominative plural weak)
rōda (feminine nominative singular weak)
rōdu (feminine nominative plural weak)
rōdun (accusative masculine singular weak)
rōdun (accusative masculine plural weak)
rōda (accusative neuter singular weak)
rōdun (accusative neuter plural weak)
rōdun (accusative feminine singular weak)
rōdun (accusative feminine plural weak)
rōdun (genitive masculine singular weak)
rōdonō (genitive masculine plural weak)
rōdun (genitive neuter singular weak)
rōdonō (genitive neuter plural weak)
rōdun (feminine genitive singular weak)
rōdonō (feminine genitive plural weak)
rōdun (dative masculine singular weak)
rōdum (dative masculine plural weak)
rōdun (dative neuter singular weak)
rōdum (dative neuter plural weak)
rōdun (dative feminine singular weak)
rōdum (dative feminine plural weak)
rōdoro (comparative masculine nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative masculine nominative plural)
rōdora (comparative neuter nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative neuter nominative plural)
rōdora (comparative feminine nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative feminine nominative plural)
rōdorun (accusative comparative masculine singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative masculine plural)
rōdora (accusative comparative neuter singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative neuter plural)
rōdorun (accusative comparative feminine singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative feminine plural)
rōdorun (comparative genitive masculine singular)
rōdoronō (comparative genitive masculine plural)
rōdorun (comparative genitive neuter singular)
rōdoronō (comparative genitive neuter plural)
rōdorun (comparative feminine genitive singular)
rōdoronō (comparative feminine genitive plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative masculine singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative masculine plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative neuter singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative neuter plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative feminine singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative feminine plural)
rōdost (masculine nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (masculine nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdost (neuter nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (neuter nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdost (feminine nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdostu (feminine nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdostana (accusative masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (accusative masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdost (accusative neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (accusative neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdosta (accusative feminine singular strong superlative)
rōdostu (accusative feminine plural strong superlative)
rōdostes (genitive masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (genitive masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdostes (genitive neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (genitive neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdostaro (feminine genitive singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (feminine genitive plural strong superlative)
rōdostumu (dative masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdostumu (dative neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdostaro (dative feminine singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative feminine plural strong superlative)
rōdosto (masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (masculine nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (neuter nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (feminine nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (feminine nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (accusative neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative feminine singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative feminine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (genitive masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (genitive masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (genitive neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (genitive neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (feminine genitive singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (feminine genitive plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative feminine singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative feminine plural superlative weak)

Middle Low German: rōt

German Low German:

Hamburgisch: rod

Westphalian

Sauerländisch: räod, raud, reyet, rout, rōet

Westmünsterländisch: root

Plautdietsch: root

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.


stink

From Middle English stinken, from Old English stincan, from Proto-Germanic *stinkwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ-, *stegʷ- (“to push, thrust, strike”). Cognate with West Frisian stjonke (“to stink”), Dutch stinken (“to stink”), German stinken (“to stink”), Danish stinke (“to stink”), Swedish stinka (“to stink”), Icelandic stökkva (“to spring, leap, jump”).


goggles

Probably from goggle, from the appearance it gives the wearer.


rood

nl-adj

rood (comparative roder, superlative roodst)

roder (comparative)
roodst (superlative)
rood (adverbial positive predicative)
roder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het roodst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het roodste (adverbial predicative superlative)
rode (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
rodere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
roodste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
rood (indefinite neuter positive singular)
roder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
roodste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
rode (indefinite plural positive)
rodere (comparative indefinite plural)
roodste (indefinite plural superlative)
rode (definite positive)
rodere (comparative definite)
roodste (definite superlative)
roods (partitive positive)
roders (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: rooi

Jersey Dutch: rôi

Negerhollands: rooi, ro, roo, rood

Skepi Creole Dutch: aro

From Middle Dutch rôot, from Old Dutch rōt, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.

Veel dakpannen zijn rood.

Zij draagt een rood jurkje.

Appels zijn vaak rood.


rood

head

rood (masculine roden, feminine, plural or definite rode, comparative roder, superlative roodst)

roden (masculine)
rode (definite plural)
roder (comparative)
roodst (superlative)

From Old Frisian rād, from Proto-West Germanic *raud. Cognates include West Frisian read and German Rot.


era

rw-verb

-êra (infinitive kwêra, perfective -êze)

-êra (canonical)
kwêra (infinitive)
-êze (perfective)


ermine

en-noun

ermine (countable and uncountable, plural ermines or ermine)

From Middle English ermine, ermin, ermyn, from Old French ermin, ermine, hermine.
There are two main theories for the origin of Old French ermine. Germanic origin is suggested via Old Dutch *harmino (“stoat skin”), from *harmo (“stoat, weasel”) (compare Dutch hermelijn and dialectal herm), from Proto-Germanic *harmǭ, *harmô (compare Old English hearma, Old High German harmo (harmin (adjective), obsolete German Harm), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormō (compare Romansch carmun, obsolete Lithuanian šarmuõ). Romance sources identify the animal with the corresponding word for Armenian, possibly from Medieval Latin mūs Armenius (“Armenian mouse”) or a posterior compound.

der

(heraldry) The fur of this animal, used as a heraldic tincture: a white field with a repeating pattern of stylized black spots.

hermelín

(heraldry) a white field with black spots


ermine

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour ermine (white with black spots).

hermelínový

of white colour with black spots on a coat of arms


beaver

en-noun

beaver (countable and uncountable, plural beavers)

The beards were false ones. I could see the elastic going over their ears. In other words, I had fallen among a band of criminals who were not wilful beavers, but had merely assumed the fungus for purposes of disguise.

(countable) A beard or a bearded person.

Referring to a beard.
A beard or a bearded person.


brass

brass (usually uncountable, plural brasses)

From Middle English bras, bres, from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps representing a backformation from Proto-Germanic *brasnaz (“brazen”), from or related to *brasō (“fire, pyre”). Compare Old Norse and Icelandic bras (“solder”), Icelandic brasa (“to harden in the fire”), Swedish brasa (“a small controlled fire”), Danish brase (“to fry”); French braser ("to solder"; > English braise) from the same Germanic root. Compare also Middle Dutch braspenninc ("a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch braspenning), Old Frisian bress (“copper”), Middle Low German bras (“metal, ore”).
In the military sense an ellipsis of the brass hats.

unc

uncertain

gloss

"to solder"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">braise</i>

"a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">braspenning</i>

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments

духов

related to brass instruments (attributive use)


brass

By ellipsis from brass nail, in turn from "nail[ing]" (fig.) and "brass blonde" (see "brazen"); and also shortened from Cockney Rhyming slang brass flute for "prostitute".


bitter

en-adj

bitter (comparative more bitter or bitterer, superlative most bitter or bitterest)

more bitter (comparative)
bitterer (comparative)
most bitter (superlative)
bitterest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: bita

From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite + -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitter, West Frisian bitter, Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, German bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).

The coffee tasted bitter.

Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth[…].

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.

2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, “The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel”, in Wired:

Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).


bitter

de-adj

bitter (strong nominative masculine singular bitterer, comparative bitterer, superlative am bittersten)

bitterer (masculine nominative singular strong)
bitterer (comparative)
am bittersten (superlative)
bitter (masculine predicative singular)
bitter (feminine predicative singular)
bitter (neuter predicative singular)
bitter (plural predicative)
bitterer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
bittere (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
bitteres (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
bittere (nominative plural strong without-article)
bitteren (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
bitterer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
bitteren (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
bitterer (genitive plural strong without-article)
bitterem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
bitterer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
bitterem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
bitteren (dative plural strong without-article)
bitteren (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
bittere (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
bitteres (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
bittere (accusative plural strong without-article)
der bittere (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die bittere (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das bittere (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die bitteren (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des bitteren (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der bitteren (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des bitteren (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der bitteren (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem bitteren (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der bitteren (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem bitteren (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den bitteren (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den bitteren (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die bittere (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das bittere (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die bitteren (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein bitterer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine bittere (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein bitteres (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
bitteren (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine bitteren (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines bitteren (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer bitteren (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines bitteren (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
bitteren (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner bitteren (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem bitteren (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer bitteren (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem bitteren (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
bitteren (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen bitteren (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen bitteren (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine bittere (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein bitteres (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
bitteren (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine bitteren (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
bitterer (comparative masculine predicative singular)
bitterer (comparative feminine predicative singular)
bitterer (comparative neuter predicative singular)
bitterer (comparative plural predicative)
bittererer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
bitterere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
bittereres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
bitterere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
bittereren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
bittererer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
bittereren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
bittererer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
bittererem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
bittererer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
bittererem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
bittereren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
bittereren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
bitterere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
bittereres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
bitterere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der bitterere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die bitterere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das bitterere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die bittereren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des bittereren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der bittereren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des bittereren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der bittereren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem bittereren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der bittereren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem bittereren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den bittereren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den bittereren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die bitterere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das bitterere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die bittereren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein bittererer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine bitterere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein bittereres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
bittereren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine bittereren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines bittereren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer bittereren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines bittereren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
bittereren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner bittereren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem bittereren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer bittereren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem bittereren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
bittereren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen bittereren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen bittereren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine bitterere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein bittereres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
bittereren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine bittereren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am bittersten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am bittersten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am bittersten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am bittersten (plural predicative superlative)
bitterster (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterstes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
bittersten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterster (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
bittersten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterster (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
bitterstem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterster (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterstem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
bittersten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
bittersten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterstes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
bitterste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der bitterste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die bitterste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das bitterste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die bittersten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des bittersten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der bittersten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des bittersten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der bittersten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem bittersten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der bittersten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem bittersten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den bittersten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den bittersten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die bitterste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das bitterste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die bittersten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein bitterster (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine bitterste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein bitterstes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
bittersten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine bittersten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines bittersten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer bittersten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines bittersten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
bittersten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner bittersten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem bittersten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer bittersten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem bittersten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
bittersten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen bittersten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen bittersten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine bitterste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein bitterstes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
bittersten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine bittersten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

From Middle High German bitter, pitter, from Old High German bittar, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.


bitter

Dutch: bitter

Limburgish: bitter

From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.


bitter

head

bitter (comparative bittrare, superlative bittrast)

bittrare (comparative)
bittrast (superlative)
bitter (common-gender indefinite positive singular)
bittrare (common-gender comparative indefinite singular)
bittrast (common-gender indefinite singular superlative)
bittert (indefinite neuter positive singular)
bittrare (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
bittrast (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
bittra (indefinite plural positive)
bittrare (comparative indefinite plural)
bittrast (indefinite plural superlative)
bittre (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
bittrare (archaic comparative indefinite masculine plural)
bittrast (archaic indefinite masculine plural superlative)
bittre (definite masculine positive singular)
bittrare (comparative definite masculine singular)
bittraste (definite masculine singular superlative)
bittra (definite positive)
bittrare (comparative definite)
bittraste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse bitr (partly through the influence of Middle Low German bitter), from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.


narrow

en-adj

narrow (comparative narrower, superlative narrowest)

narrower (comparative)
narrowest (superlative)

From Middle English narow, narowe, narewe, narwe, naru, from Old English nearu (“narrow, strait, confined, constricted, not spacious, limited, petty; limited, poor, restricted; oppressive, causing anxiety (of that which restricts free action of body or mind), causing or accompanied by difficulty, hardship, oppressive; oppressed, not having free action; strict, severe”), from Proto-West Germanic *naru, from Proto-Germanic *narwaz (“constricted, narrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner- (“to turn, bend, twist, constrict”). Cognate with Scots naro, narow, narrow (“narrow”), North Frisian naar, noar, noor (“narrow”), Saterland Frisian noar (“bleak, dismal, meager, ghastly, unwell”), Saterland Frisian Naarwe (“scar”), West Frisian near (“narrow”), Dutch naar (“dismal, bleak, ill, sick”), Low German naar (“dismal, ghastly”), German Nehrung (“spit, narrow peninsula”), Norwegian norve (“a clip, staple”), Icelandic narrow- (“njörva-”, in compounds).

cog

(phonetics) Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense condition of the pharynx; distinguished from wide.

suppea

phonetics: formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate


camel

→ Coeur d'Alene: keemel

→ Eastern Arrernte: kamule

→ Tsonga: kamela

From Middle English camel, through Old English camel and Old Northern French camel (Old French chamel, modern French chameau), from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic source, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal), Hebrew גמל (gamál), Aramaic ܓܡܠܐ (gamlā), Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul).

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

Returne our Mules and emptie Camels backe,
That we may trauell into Siria, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

As sometimes happens in countries of small civilisation, a leader arose from among the Arabs. None knew from where he sprang, and it was said that he had been a camel driver.

1907, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter IV, in The Explorer:

oont

India (Anglo-Indian), Australia, colloquial

A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camel:

A light brownish color, like that of a camel (also called camel brown).

(ethnic slur, offensive, derogatory, slang) A person of Middle Eastern origin.


camel

→ Spanish: cámel

[…] try to select accessories that are in the same color family as your coat," says millinery designer Patricia Underwood. To pick up the weave of a brown tweed jacket, for instance, choose a camel hat and black gloves.

Of a light brown color like that of a camel.


rough

From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).

In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. "Dreadful catastrophe!" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. "Fighting at Weybridge!"

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:


sand

en-noun

sand (usually uncountable, plural sands)

From Middle English sand, from Old English sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos, from *sem- (“to pour”).
See also West Frisian sân, Dutch zand, German Sand, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sand, Latin sabulum, Ancient Greek ἄμαθος (ámathos), English dialectal samel (“sand bottom”), Old Irish do·essim (“to pour out”), Latin sentina (“bilge water”), Lithuanian sémti (“to scoop”), Ancient Greek ἀμάω (amáō, “to gather”), ἄμη (ámē, “water bucket”).

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

sand:

A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


sand

Of a light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


artichoke

→ Bengali: হাতিচোক (haticōk)

→ Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)

desc

→ Hebrew: ארטישוק

→ Hebrew: ארטישוק

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok)

Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)

→ Indonesian: articok

→ Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي

→ Thai: อาติโช๊ค (aa-tí-chóok)

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

Diccionario de la lengua española
artichoke

From Lombard articioch (cf. articiocco), from Occitan artichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf), definite form of خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

der

Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)

Cynara cardunculus

the currently accepted taxonomic name, which also includes cardoons

A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

أَرْضِي شَوْكِي

ʔarḍī šawkī, ʔarḍī šōkī

artichoke:

A dull green colour, like that of an artichoke.


flame

en-noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Displaced native Old English līeġ.

der

[M]arked by myriad clouds of every sunset-colour - flame, purple, pink, green, violet, and all the tints of gold.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 73:

A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour.
flame:

The cello has a two-piece back with a beautiful narrow flame.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.


flame

en-verb

flame (third-person singular simple present flames, present participle flaming, simple past and past participle flamed)

flames (present singular third-person)
flaming (participle present)
flamed (participle past)
flamed (past)

The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame again.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.


flame

Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.


heet

nl-adj

heet (comparative heter, superlative heetst)

heter (comparative)
heetst (superlative)
heet (adverbial positive predicative)
heter (adverbial comparative predicative)
het heetst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het heetste (adverbial predicative superlative)
hete (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
hetere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
heetste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
heet (indefinite neuter positive singular)
heter (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
heetste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
hete (indefinite plural positive)
hetere (comparative indefinite plural)
heetste (indefinite plural superlative)
hete (definite positive)
hetere (comparative definite)
heetste (definite superlative)
heets (partitive positive)
heters (comparative partitive)

Berbice Creole Dutch: hete

Jersey Dutch: heît

Negerhollands: heet

From Middle Dutch hêet, from Old Dutch *hēt, from Proto-West Germanic *hait, from Proto-Germanic *haitaz.

De curry was erg heet vanwege de toegevoegde pepers.

The curry was very spicy due to the added peppers.


zien

zien (infinitive)
zien (gerund neuter)
zie (first-person present singular)
zag (first-person past singular)
ziet (present second-person singular)
zie (present second-person singular)
zag (past second-person singular)
ziet (formal present second-person singular)
zag (formal past second-person singular)
ziet (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
ziet (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
zaagt (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
zaagt (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
ziet (present singular third-person)
zag (past singular third-person)
zien (plural present)
zagen (past plural)
zie (archaic present singular subjunctive)
zage (archaic past singular subjunctive)
zien (archaic plural present subjunctive)
zagen (archaic past plural subjunctive)
zie (imperative present singular)
ziet (archaic imperative plural present)
ziend (participle present)
gezien (participle past)

Afrikaans: sien

Javindo: sien, siet

Jersey Dutch: zîn, zîne

From Middle Dutch sien, from Old Dutch sian, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Originally a class 5 strong verb, but the Germanic *h was lost from the infinitive and present tense forms through syncope in Old Dutch. However, it alternated with *g in the past tense through Grammatischer Wechsel, and this remained.

der

Ik zie jouw kat!

Laat je nieuwe schoenen eens zien.


light

English: light

Geordie English: leet

Scots: licht

Yola: lhygt

From Old English lēoht (“light, daylight; power of vision; luminary; world”), from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą (“light”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“light”).
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light

etymon

The radiation which allows for vision by brightening objects and colours.


du

du (mutation unmutated)
dhu (mutation mutation-soft)
tu (mutation)
tu (mutation mutation-mixed)
tu (after-th mutation mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.


ash

en-noun

ash (countable and uncountable, plural ashes)

From Middle English asshe, from Old English æsċ, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz (compare West Frisian esk, Dutch es, German Esche, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish ask), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian я́сень (jásenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi)).

Alternative forms: æsc, æsh

The traditional name for the ae ligature (æ), as used in Old English.


mandarin

→ Irish: mandairín

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人／满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

com

LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.

Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.

1966 April 22, “The Beauty of His Malice”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-11-06:

When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]

2021 June 23, Peter S. Canellos, “Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump”, in Politico:

When institutional mandarins such as this eminent pair set out to undermine the traditional basis for remunerating the products of the mind, you might expect a lowly scribe (such as your reviewer) to take umbrage.

2024 January 13, Boyd Tonkin, “The culture of copyright creep”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:

(sometimes derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.

(informal, British) A senior civil servant.


mandarin

From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
A small, sweet citrus fruit.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.

mandarin:


lekker

nl-adj

lekker (comparative lekkerder, superlative lekkerst)

lekkerder (comparative)
lekkerst (superlative)
lekker (adverbial positive predicative)
lekkerder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het lekkerst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het lekkerste (adverbial predicative superlative)
lekkere (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
lekkerdere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
lekkerste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
lekker (indefinite neuter positive singular)
lekkerder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
lekkerste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
lekkere (indefinite plural positive)
lekkerdere (comparative indefinite plural)
lekkerste (indefinite plural superlative)
lekkere (definite positive)
lekkerdere (comparative definite)
lekkerste (definite superlative)
lekkers (partitive positive)
lekkerders (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: lekker
→ English: lekker

Negerhollands: lekker

From Middle Dutch lecker, derived from the verb lekken (“lick”) (Dutch likken). Cognate to German lecker, Afrikaans lekker, Middle Low German lecker, Norwegian lekker, Swedish läcker and Danish lækker. More at lick.

Het eten is weer lekker vandaag, mam!