smooth

en-adj

smooth (comparative smoother, superlative smoothest)

smoother (comparative)
smoothest (superlative)

From Middle English smothe, smethe, from Old English smēþe, smōþ, both from Proto-West Germanic *smanþī, of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots smuith (“smooth”), Low German smood and smödig (“smooth, malleable, ductile”), Dutch smeuïg (“smooth”) (from earlier smeudig).

a smooth sea never made a skilled sailor

the course of true love never did run smooth

This smooth discourse and mild behavior oft / Conceal a traitor.

1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

This feeling, grounded on the experience of centuries of oppression, was not to be allayed by smooth explanations on the part of the advocates of the Constitution.

1912, Gustavus Myers, History of the Supreme Court of the United States, page 133:


snow

en-noun

snow (countable and uncountable, plural snows)

From Middle English snow, snaw, from Old English snāw (“snow”), from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz (“snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”), from the root *sneygʷʰ-.
Cognate with Scots snaw (“snow”), West Frisian snie (“snow”), Dutch sneeuw (“snow”), German Schnee (“snow”), Danish sne (“snow”), Norwegian snø (“snow”), Swedish snö (“snow”), Icelandic snjór (“snow”), Latin nix (“snow”), Russian снег (sneg), Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha), dialectal Albanian nehë (“place where the snow melts”), Sanskrit स्नेह (snéha, “oil, grease”).
The extended senses all trace back to the appearance of the weather phenomenon.

cog

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

snow:

(uncountable) A shade of the color white.

Lower down, in the 95 percent of the ocean where light does not penetrate, many living things feed on 'marine snow', the steady drizzle of particles of dead matter, whitish in colour, gradually sinking from the euphotic zone above. Other animals then feed on the 'snow' eaters.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, page 286:

better be wearing your snows next week

74 VW dyke mobile, 75K miles. Immac in/out & great to drive. No rust! Includes roofrack, snows, manual.

1984 April 7, “Classified advertisement”, in Gay Community News, page 15:

(informal, in the plural) Clipping of snow tires.


snow

English: snow

Scots: snaw

Yola: sneow, sneew, snowe, snow

From Old English snāw, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.


白

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (白):
* → Japanese: 白(はく) (haku)
* → Korean: 백(白) (baek)
* → Jeju: 벡 (bek)
* → Vietnamese: bạch (白)

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɯəkᴰ¹ᴸ

Lao: ເຜືອກ (phư̄ak)

Thai: เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak)

→ Proto-Vietic: *baːk

Vietnamese: bạc

desc

→ Vietnamese: bệch (“chalky; sickly white”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Unclear; probably a pictogram (象形).
Guo (1954) suggests that it represents a thumb and is original form of 拇 (*mɯʔ) or, more probably, 擘 (*preːɡ).
Alternatively, Unger (apud Schuessler, 2007) suggests that it represents an acorn, noting its use in 樂／乐 (“oak”) (= 櫟／栎) and 皂 (zào, “acorn”). In this interpretation, the meaning of “white” is derived from the color of an acorn's inside.
STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bawk (“white”), whence also Proto-Bodo-Garo *bok (“white”), Limbu ᤑ (phô, “white”); also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɓɔɔk (“white, grey”).
However, Schuessler (2007) finds it difficult to reconcile these forms with Middle Chinese due to the lack of medial r. Instead, he proposes a derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bar (“white”) with -k extension, thus cognate with 皤 (OC *baːl, “white”) (Wang, 1982), Mizo vâr (“(to be) white”), Proto-Karen *ʔ(b)wa (“white”).

Han etyl

販仔白

贩仔白


白

⟨sira⟩ → /ɕira/
From Old Japanese.
The combining apophonic form of shiro above, mostly used in compounds.

Combining form of しろ (shiro) above:
white


白

Cognate with Japanese 白 (shiro, “white”).

くれー、白(しるー)やいびーん。


丹

Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)


丹

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.
Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).


丹

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).
Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga


liver

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

His friend Rothwell, who had the use of the best Laveracks for breeding purposes, wrote him that one of his puppies was liver and white.

2006, Rawdon Briggs Lee, A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISBN, page 298:

Of the colour of liver (dark brown, tinted with red and gray).


smoke

en-noun

smoke (countable and uncountable, plural smokes)

From Middle English smoke, from Old English smoca (“smoke”), probably a derivative of the verb (see below). Related to Dutch smook (“smoke”), Middle Low German smôk (“smoke”), dialectal German Schmauch (“smoke”).

If those were the days, however, when steam was triumphant, they were also the days of smoke. Nowhere was this so apparent as at "Kings Cross (Suburban)" where, one after another, the Great Northern tank engines thumped their way up the incline and emerged from the tunnel, in clouds of steam and smoke, to pound their way up the last few hundred feet of gradient alongside the platform.

1952 October, C. A. Johns, “One Hundred Years at Kings Cross—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 657:

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.

anta intai

visible particles and vapour given off by burning material


smoke

en-verb

smoke (third-person singular simple present smokes, present participle smoking, simple past and past participle smoked)

smokes (present singular third-person)
smoking (participle present)
smoked (participle past)
smoked (past)

Dutch: smoken

Sranan Tongo: smoko

From Middle English smoken, from Old English smocian (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), from Proto-West Germanic *smokōn, from Proto-Germanic *smukōną (“to smoke”), ablaut derivative of Proto-Germanic *smaukaną (“to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg- (“to smoke”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian smookje (“to smoke”), West Frisian smoke (“to smoke”), Dutch smoken (“to smoke”), Low German smöken (“to smoke”), German Low German smoken (“to smoke”). Related also to Old English smēocan (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), Bavarian schmuckelen (“to smell bad, reek”).

cog

He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

I alone / Smok'd his true person, talk'd with him.

1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

Upon that […] I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers.

1715 June 1 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 44. Saturday, May 21. [1715.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

The squire gave him a good curse at his departure; and then turning to the parson, he cried out, "I smoke it: I smoke it. Tom is certainly the father of this bastard. […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, transitive) To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.


peach

en-noun

peach (countable and uncountable, plural peaches)

i

from the plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">peaches</i>

→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)

→? Arapaho: biisib

→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)

→ Haida: píichas

→ Malay: pic (probably)

→? Maori: pītiti

→ Swahili: pichi (probably)

→ Thai: พีช (píit)

From Middle English peche, borrowed from Old French pesche (French pêche), Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca) from Late Latin persica, from Classical Latin mālum persicum, from Ancient Greek μᾶλον περσικόν (mâlon persikón, “Persian apple”). Displaced Middle English persogʒe, from Old English persoc, from the same Latin root above.

der

μᾶλον περσικόν

To dye one chip bonnet peach colour, put four ounces of cudbear in one gallon of water, make it boil, and put one ounce of soda in the liquor.

1854, Thomas Love, The Art of Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring and Finishing, etc, page 242:

If the dye is for a light color such as peach, more dry dye could be used.

1990, Lila Fretz, Hooking Rugs: Storey’s Country Wisdom Bulletin, page 27:

Circle Quilt throw in peach and green

2013, Kim Eichler-Messmer, Modern Color—An Illustrated Guide to Dyeing Fabric for Modern Quilts, page 61:

peach:

(uncountable) A light yellow-red colour.


嗅

Simplified from 齅 (鼻 → 口); in current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlus, *qʰluŋs): semantic 口 + phonetic 臭 (OC *kʰljus).


crema

Probably a malapropism of French tréma, from Ancient Greek τρῆμα (trêma, “perforation, orifice”).


coffee

en-noun

coffee (countable and uncountable, plural coffees)

coffee [from 1598] (canonical)
coffees (plural)

Tok Pisin: kopi

desc

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Gujarati: કૉફી (kŏphī)

→ Hausa: kṑfī

desctree

→ Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), काफ़ी (kāfī), कोफ़ी (kofī), कॉफी (kŏphī), काफी (kāphī), कोफी (kophī)
→ Sanskrit: काफी (kāphī)

→ Korean: 커피 (keopi)

→ Maia: kopi

→ Marathi: काफी (kāphī)

→ Marshallese: ko̧pe

→ Navajo: gohwééh

→ Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh

→ Welsh: coffi

Conservative, Received Pronunciation, dated

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
Dutch koffiebor.
English coffee
Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café and caffè and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.

etymon

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

coffee:

A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.


coffee

Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.


味

味 (canonical)
aji (romanization)
adi (romanization)
あぢ (hiragana historical)

/adi/ → /ad͡ʑi/ → /aʑi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *anti.

2006 April 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ピリオド [Armed Alchemy: The End]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 10, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

You want some? It has my mom’s taste. Well, actually it has the taste of my failed attempts at cloning her taste.

食べる？ママの味 正確にはママの出来損ないの成れの果ての味

Taberu? Mama no aji Seikaku ni wa mama no dekisokonai no nare no hate no aji


味

From Middle Chinese 味 (MC mj+jH).
Also used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨mi₂⟩.


stone

en-noun

stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (UK colloquial, as unit of mass) stone)

stones (plural)
stone (UK colloquial plural)

Sranan Tongo: ston

→ Esperanto: ŝtono

From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also West Frisian stien, Saterland Frisian Steen, Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.

cog

stone:

A dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


stone

Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


度

Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 石 (“rock”) + 又 (“hand”) — hand measuring a piece of rock. Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声), with 石 (OC *djaɡ) as a phonetic component. 石 is then corrupted into ⿸广廿.
Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ): phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 又.
Compare 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) and 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-twa (“handspan”). Cognate with Tibetan མཐོ (mtho, “span; span of thumb and middle finger”), Burmese ထွာ (htwa, “to measure by a handspan; a quarter yard”), အထွာ (a.htwa, “handspan; quarter yard”), တွက် (twak, “to consider, to reckon; to calculate; to refuse to do things because others would not”), အတွက် (a.twak, “calculation; because of; for the sake of”). It is unclear whether Proto-Mon-Khmer *cɗaʔ (“span; handspan”) (whence Mon ဍ (daˀ, “to measure by spans of thumb and middle finger”)) is related. Related to 圖 (OC *daː, “to plan; to consider; plan; map”).

och-l

近視300度

近视300度

(ophthalmology) Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.

Classifier for degrees.
Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kaba (romanization)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:カバノキ属

A shift from kaniwa below.
First appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”).


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kanba (romanization)


樺

樺 (canonical)
kaniwa (romanization)
kanifa (romanization)
かには (hiragana historical)

John Batchelor (missionary)
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sakhalin Ainu language
Shinmura Izuru
Wamyō Ruijushō

⟨kanipa⟩ → /kaniɸa/ → /kaniwa/
From Old Japanese 樺 (kanipa, “sakura, sakura bark”), from Ainu カリンパ (karinpa, “sakura, sakura bark”).
Found in the Man'yōshū (book 6), completed some time after 759 CE, in sense 1. Sense 2 appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.
Compare Sakhalin Ainu カリムバニ (karimba-ni, “cherry tree; Prunus pseudocerasus”) and カリムバタツ (karimba-tat, “Betula Maximowicziana”).

der

(obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark


柿

Early Modern Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
: /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
:* From 輝き (kakayaki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of Early Modern Japanese verb 輝く (kakayaku, “to shine dazzingly”, obsolete), modern kagayaku.
: /kataki/ → /kaki/
:* From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.
: /akaki/ → /kaki/
:* From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely, this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

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橙

橙 (canonical)
橙 (canonical)
daidai (romanization)

Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.

(by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange


淬

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/


滄

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).


कमल

kamalá (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमला (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमले (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलाम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलाः (accusative plural)
कमलया (instrumental singular)
कमला1 (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कमलायै (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलायाः (ablative singular)
कमलायै2 (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलायाः (genitive singular)
कमलायै2 (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमलायाम् (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलासु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Uncertain. Maybe derived from the noun sense “lotus”, but Mayrhofer considers this to be unlikely.


cardinal

en-noun

cardinal (countable and uncountable, plural cardinals)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardin-, cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

His uncle, a Cardinal, engages a Spanish youth of Moorish descent called Diego, an expert singer and player on the virginal, to unlock the secrets of the heart,[…]and cure him by the spell of his music.

1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 16, in Friday's Business:

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Roman Catholicism) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope.


cardinal

fr-adj

cardinal (feminine cardinale, masculine plural cardinaux, feminine plural cardinales)

cardinale (feminine)
cardinaux (masculine plural)
cardinales (feminine plural)


灰

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 又 (“hand”) + 火 (“fire”) – fire that can be touched with the hand (ash). 又 has been modified to 𠂇; compare 友 (“friend”), 右 (“right”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷut ~ hwut (“ashes, dust”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wu). Compare Mizo vutᴸ, Apatani mù-bu, Manipuri ut, Northern Tujia bu³ ci².

inh

灰色


眥

(anatomy, ophthalmology) canthus; corner of the eye


眄

to look sideways; to look askance; to give a sidelong glance


矕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mroːnʔ): phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 目 (“eye”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mraŋ (“to look, to see”).


盲

盲 (canonical)
mō (romanization)
mau (romanization)
まう (hiragana historical)


碧

desc

→ Vietnamese: biếc (“bluish green; azure blue”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praɡ, *preɡ): semantic 王 (“jade”) + semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).


紺

Borrowed from Japanese 紺 (kon), from Middle Chinese 紺 (kʌmᴴ), see previous etymology for detail.

(Taiwanese Hokkien) navy blue; dark blue


綪

Han char

綪 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火手一月 (VFQMB), four-corner 2592₇, composition ⿰糹青 or ⿰糹靑)

女火手一月 (cangjie-input)
⿰糹青 (composition)
⿰糹靑 (composition)


綪

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/


綠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ): semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”).
Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”).
For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn).

zh-l

綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn)

綠色

绿色

綠建築

绿建筑

綠住宅

绿住宅

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly

healthy; environmentally friendly; green

綠教

绿教


聾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ): phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) – deaf.
Perhaps related to 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “deaf”) (Schuessler, 2007).


緑

From Old Japanese. Originally referred to new buds and shoots, later expanding via metonymy to mean green.


紫

Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseʔ): phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 糸.

Han compound

purple; violet; dark pink (combination of red and blue colours)


紫

From Old Japanese.
Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) + 咲き (saki, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”).

com

(colloquial) Short for 紫式部 (Murasaki Shikibu): Heian-period novelist and lady-in-waiting


紫

From 縁 (yukari, “affinity, connection”).


紫

murasachi (romanization)
むらさち (hiragana)

Related to Japanese 紫 (murasaki, “purple”)


紫

Japanese: 紫 (むらさき, murasaki)

Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) + 咲き (saki₁, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”).

茜さす

akane sasu, pillow word that can be an allusion to murasaki1

, text here
紫我下紐乃色尓不出戀可毛将痩相因乎無見
murasaki₁ no₂ waga sitabi₁mo no₂ iro₂ ni idezu ko₁pi₂ ka mo yasemu apu yo₂si wo nami₁


菫

ja:スミレ ja:スミレ属 ja:スミレ科


茜

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːns): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl).

Han compound

Rubia cordifolia
Rubia cordifolia#Translingual


蒼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007).


sense

en-noun

sense (countable and uncountable, plural senses)

→ Afrikaans: sense

From Middle English sense, from Old French sens, sen, san (“sense, reason, direction”); partly from Latin sēnsus (“sensation, feeling, meaning”), from sentiō (“feel, perceive”); partly of Germanic origin (whence also Occitan sen, Italian senno), from Vulgar Latin *sennus (“sense, reason, way”), from Frankish *sinn ("reason, judgement, mental faculty, way, direction"; whence also Dutch zin, German Sinn, Swedish sinne, Norwegian sinn). Both Latin and Germanic from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”).

gl

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

where there's no sense there's no feeling

a sense of security

this Basilius, having the quick sense of a lover

a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:

high disdain from sense of injured merit

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The days have vanish’d, tone and tint,
And yet perhaps the hoarding sense
Gives out at times (he knows not whence)
A little flash, a mystic hint; […]

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XLIII, page 66:

Where a college administration does not come forward and say that gay people have a right to be here, there is a sense among students that it is acceptable to harass and intimidate lesbian and gay members of that community.

1990 December 16, Laura Briggs, quoting Robert Weinerman, “Gay Students Fight 'Little War' At Mass. School”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 22, page 15:

Perception through the intellect; apprehension; awareness.


蔥

→ Kapampangan: sang

→ Tagalog: tsang

→ Zhuang: coeng

/tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 悤 ().
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsuŋ (“onion”). Cognate with Tibetan བཙོང (btsong), ཙོང (tsong, “onion, scallion”).

Han compound

葱
葱
𦯎
䓗
菍
𦴜
𧁗
𢚱
𦹎
葱
葱

green onion; spring onion; scallion (Classifier: 根 m; 棵 m; 把 m; 捆 m; 條／条 c; 樖 c; 紮／扎 c; 叢／丛 mn)

青蔥

青葱


茶

→ Ainu: チャ (ca)

→ Nivkh: ча (ț’a)

→ Yonaguni: サー (sa:)

From various lects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Compare Mandarin 茶 (chá), Hakka 茶 (chhà), Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴). Doublet of チャイ (chai).


藍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (藍):
* → Japanese: 藍(らん) (ran)
* → Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
* → Vietnamese: lam (藍)

desc

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)

White Hmong: nkaj

→ Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)

Thai: คราม (kraam)

Lao: ຄາມ (khām)

Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)

→ Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)

Thai: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)

Zhuang: romj, goromj

→? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)

Muong: chàm

Vietnamese: chàm

→ Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)

→ Zhuang: lamz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.
Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

cog

Burmese ခရမ်း (hka.ram:, “purple, violet”)

Blue is obtained from the indigo plant but is bluer than the plant itself.

青，取之於藍，而青於藍。

青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝。

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual


藍

the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria


藍

ja-noun

藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^(←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?)

藍 (canonical)
藍 (canonical)
ai (romanization)
awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)
アヰ (hiragana historical)

/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):
* May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):
*: ⟨awoiro₂⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/
* May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)
*: */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
* May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) + 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:
*: /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

藍蝋: indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants

Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid


藍

藍 (canonical)
Ai (romanization)
Awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)


紅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) could be a variant of 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). May be related to 虹 (OC *kroːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, “rainbow”).
Originally referred to lighter shades of red; gradually replaced 赤 (chì, “red”) as the basic color term for "red".

Han compound

紅色／红色

紅茶／红茶

紅包／红包

紅綠色盲／红绿色盲

紅軍／红军

又紅又專／又红又专 ― yòuhóngyòuzhuān ― to have a procommunist mindset along with professional skill

(figurative) revolutionary; Communist; Red


紅

ja-pos

紅(くれない) • (Kurenai) ^(←くれなゐ (Kurenawi)?)

紅 (canonical)
Kurenai (romanization)
Kurenawi (romanization)
くれなゐ (hiragana historical)

⟨kure no₂ awi⟩ → /kurenawi/ → /kurenai/
From Old Japanese.
Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), itself a compound of 呉 (Kure, “China”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 藍 (ai, “indigo → dye”)). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.


紅

*/peni/ → /beni/
First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.
Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".
The ni is definitely 丹 (ni, “red earth, cinnabar”), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.


紅

Alternative spelling for 赤 (aka, “red”).


紅

From 揉み (momi, “kneading”, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.


紅

ja-pos

紅(こう) • (Kō)


couleur

From Old French color, from Latin color, colōrem.


色

Chinese language
English language
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Old Japanese language

⟨iro₂⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/
From Old Japanese.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki with the meaning of color. Senses referring to a person's emotions also appear quite early on. The romance or sex senses appear from the 900s, apparently an influence from Chinese usage, and roughly comparable to the euphemistic usage of English colorful.

色艶

color and luster; a person's facial coloring; warmth of feeling in speech or attitude; interest or fun in speech or writing

色褪せる

lose color, fade; fade, lose freshness, become old and musty

色物

a colored item, particularly cloth or clothing; a lively and colorful variety act

目の色が違う猫


色

Middle Chinese language
Sanskrit language

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

色彩

coloring, coloration, hue, tint; color, mood, influence, leaning

色紙

a square piece of cardboard used for painting or for writing poems

色調

the coloring of a thing; a tone, shade, or hue


色

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

三色刷り


flor

English: floor

desc

Scots: flure, fluir, flair, fleur, fleer

From Old English flōr, from Proto-West Germanic *flōru, *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros.

whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.

A flat area or platform (often for preparation)


fast

fast (indefinite singular)
faste (definite plural singular)
fastare (comparative)
fastast (indefinite superlative)
fastaste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse fastr, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology. Akin to English fast.

solid, steady, firm, fixed, permanent, stuck


見

Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
目 (“eye”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – a kneeling human figure with a large eye for a head. Similar but unrelated to 艮.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken ~ m-kjen.

Han etyl

見解

见解

意見

意见

In your opinion, could the murder be drug - related?

Yī nǐ zhī jiàn, zhè qǐ móushā àn gēn fàndú yǒuguān ma?

依你之見，這起謀殺案跟販毒有關嗎？

依你之见，这起谋杀案跟贩毒有关吗？


見

⟨mi₁⟩ → /mi/
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE (see quotation below).
The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 見(み)る (miru, “to see; to look at”). Ultimately cognate with 目 (ancient ma, modern me, “eye”).


見

From Middle Chinese 見 (MC kenH, “to see; to seem; opinion”).


rot

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Cognate with German rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.


rot

de-adj

rot (strong nominative masculine singular roter, comparative röter or roter, superlative am rötesten or am rotesten)

roter (masculine nominative singular strong)
röter (comparative)
roter (comparative)
am rötesten (superlative)
am rotesten (superlative)
rot (masculine predicative singular)
rot (feminine predicative singular)
rot (neuter predicative singular)
rot (plural predicative)
roter (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
rote (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
rotes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
rote (nominative plural strong without-article)
roten (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
roter (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
roten (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
roter (genitive plural strong without-article)
rotem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
roter (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
rotem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
roten (dative plural strong without-article)
roten (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
rote (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
rotes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
rote (accusative plural strong without-article)
der rote (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die rote (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das rote (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die roten (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des roten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der roten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des roten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der roten (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem roten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der roten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem roten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den roten (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den roten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die rote (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das rote (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die roten (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein roter (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine rote (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein rotes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
roten (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine roten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines roten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer roten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines roten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
roten (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner roten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem roten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer roten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem roten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
roten (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen roten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen roten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine rote (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein rotes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
roten (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine roten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
röter (comparative masculine predicative singular)
roter (comparative masculine predicative singular)
röter (comparative feminine predicative singular)
roter (comparative feminine predicative singular)
röter (comparative neuter predicative singular)
roter (comparative neuter predicative singular)
röter (comparative plural predicative)
roter (comparative plural predicative)
röterer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
roterer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
rötere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
rotere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
röteres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
roteres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
rötere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
rotere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
röteren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
roteren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
röterer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
roterer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
röteren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
roteren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
röterer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
roterer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
röterem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
roterem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
röterer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
roterer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
röterem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
roterem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
röteren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
roteren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
röteren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
roteren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
rötere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
rotere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
röteres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
roteres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
rötere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
rotere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der rötere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
der rotere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die rötere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
die rotere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das rötere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
das rotere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die röteren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
die roteren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des röteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
des roteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der röteren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
der roteren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des röteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
des roteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der röteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
der roteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem röteren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
dem roteren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der röteren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
der roteren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem röteren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
dem roteren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den röteren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den roteren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den röteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
den roteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die rötere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
die rotere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das rötere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
das rotere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die röteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
die roteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein röterer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
ein roterer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine rötere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
eine rotere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein röteres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
ein roteres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
röteren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine röteren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
roteren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine roteren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines röteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eines roteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer röteren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einer roteren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines röteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
eines roteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
röteren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner röteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
roteren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner roteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem röteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einem roteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer röteren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einer roteren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem röteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
einem roteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
röteren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen röteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
roteren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen roteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen röteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einen roteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine rötere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eine rotere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein röteres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
ein roteres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
röteren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine röteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
roteren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine roteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am rötesten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am rotesten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am rötesten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am rotesten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am rötesten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am rotesten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am rötesten (plural predicative superlative)
am rotesten (plural predicative superlative)
rötester (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
rotester (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
roteste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
rötestes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
roteste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötester (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
rotester (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rötester (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
rotester (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
rötestem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötester (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotester (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötestem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
roteste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötestes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
roteste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der röteste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
der roteste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die röteste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
die roteste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das röteste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
das roteste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die rötesten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
die rotesten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des rötesten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
des rotesten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der rötesten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
der rotesten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des rötesten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
des rotesten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der rötesten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
der rotesten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem rötesten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
dem rotesten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der rötesten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
der rotesten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem rötesten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
dem rotesten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den rötesten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den rotesten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den rötesten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
den rotesten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die röteste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
die roteste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das röteste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
das roteste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die rötesten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
die rotesten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein rötester (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein rotester (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine röteste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine roteste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein rötestes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
ein rotestes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
rötesten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine rötesten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
rotesten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine rotesten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines rötesten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eines rotesten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer rötesten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einer rotesten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines rötesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
eines rotesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
rötesten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner rötesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
rotesten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner rotesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem rötesten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einem rotesten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer rötesten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einer rotesten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem rötesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
einem rotesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
rötesten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen rötesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
rotesten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen rotesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen rötesten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einen rotesten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine röteste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eine roteste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein rötestes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
ein rotestes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
rötesten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine rötesten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
rotesten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine rotesten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.
Compare Low German root, rod, rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.

(historical, possibly offensive) redskin; Native American; Indian


rot

desctree

Middle Dutch: rôot
Dutch: rood
Afrikaans: rooi
Jersey Dutch: rôi
Negerhollands: rooi, ro, roo, rood
Skepi Creole Dutch: aro
Limburgish: roead


rot

Middle High German: rōt

desc

Alemannic German: rot, rout, ruat, ròt, röts (Italian Walser)

Central Franconian: rut, rot

Kirchröadsj Ripuarian: roeëd

German: rot

Hunsrik: rod

Luxembourgish: rout

Mòcheno: roat

Pennsylvania German: rot

Vilamovian: rut

Yiddish: רויט (royt)

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.


rot

From Middle High German and Old High German rōt, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Compare German rot, Dutch rood, English red.


cor

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese coor (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin color, colōrem.


uva

→ Apalaí: uwa

From Old Galician-Portuguese uva, from Latin ūva. Cognate with Galician, Spanish, and Italian uva and Romanian auă.

(Brazil, figurative, colloquial) a good-looking thing or person


pesca

From Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca), from Late Latin persica, from Latin persicum (“peach”, literally “fruit from Persia”). Compare French pêche.


grue

Blend of green + blue. The philosophy sense was coined by American philosopher Nelson Goodman in 1955 to illustrate concepts in the philosophy of science. The linguistic sense was coined by American linguist Paul Kay in 1975 as a translation from languages such as Welsh that have a basic cover term that covers both the hues called "green" and "blue" in English.

coinage

(linguistics) A single color inclusive of both green and blue as different shades, used in translations from languages such as old Welsh and Chinese that lacked a distinction between green and blue.

𑚝𑚯𑚥𑚭

linguistics: green or blue in languages that do not distinguish the two colors


salty

en-adj

salty (comparative saltier, superlative saltiest)

saltier (comparative)
saltiest (superlative)

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salti, equivalent to salt + -y.
Compare Saterland Frisian soaltig (“salty”), West Frisian sâltich (“salty”), Dutch zoutig (“salty”), German Low German soltig (“salty”), German salzig (“salty”).
(coarse; irritated, annoyed): Referencing the sharp, 'spicy' flavor of salt.
(indignant): Perhaps implying the person is a crybaby, shedding salty tears, or derived from the preceding.

There's a sailor's tavern at the end of the street where I could find companionship if I chose (one catches salty boys going in and out at any hour) but only music matters to me now.

2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN:

Plus bits of business involving a salty Russian seafarer and overflying warplanes.

2015 March 12, Bill Mann, “The film that makes me cry: Local Hero”, in The Guardian:

(figuratively) Experienced, especially used to indicate a veteran of the naval services; salty dog (from salt of the sea).


café

fr-noun

café m (usually uncountable, plural cafés)

Haitian Creole: kafe

Louisiana Creole: kafe

Borrowings

→ Albanian: kafeja

→ Alemannic German: Kaafe

→ Arabic: كَافِيه (kāfē)

Gulf Arabic: كافيه (kāfē)

→ Asturian: café

→ Bulgarian: кафе́ (kafé)

→ Cantonese: 咖啡 (gaa³ fe¹)

Taishanese: 咖啡 (ga¹ fie²)

→ Coeur d'Alene: lkaapi

→ Crimean Tatar: kafe

→ Danish: café

→ English: café

→ German: Café (“café”)

→ German: Kaffee (“coffee”)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kaffe

→ Dutch: café

→ Hebrew: קָפֶה (kafé)

→ Khmer: កាហ្វេ (kaafee)

→ Kumak: kafe

→ Lao: ກາເຟ (kā fē)

→ Luxembourgish: Café

→ Mandarin: 咖啡 (kāfēi)

→ Norman: café

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kaffi

→ Nzadi: kafɛ

→ Ojibwe: aapii

desctree

→ Russian: кафе́ (kafé)
→ Armenian: կաֆե (kafe)
→ Mongolian: кафе (kafe)
→ Ukrainian: кафе́ (kafé)

→ Persian:

Iranian Persian: کافه (kāfe)

→ Portuguese: café
Kadiwéu: gaape

→ Serbo-Croatian: kafić

→ Spanish: café
→ Cebuano: kape
→ Central Tarahumara: kajé
→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: cafe
→ Hiligaynon: kape
→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: capej
→ Navajo: ahwééh
→ Tagalog: kape
→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ka-pé)
→ Waray-Waray: kape

→ Swedish: café

→ Tamil: கப்பே (kappē)

→ Thai: กาแฟ (gaa-fɛɛ)

→ West Uvean: kafe

→ Vietnamese: cà phê

Standard French

Belgium

Borrowed from Italian caffè, first appearing as the form caveé, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of caoua.


café

es-adj

café m or f (masculine and feminine plural café or cafés)

café (feminine masculine plural)
cafés (feminine masculine plural)

Borrowed from French café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”).


café

→ Cebuano: kape

→ Central Tarahumara: kajé

→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: cafe

→ Hiligaynon: kape

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: capej

→ Navajo: ahwééh

→ Tagalog: kape
→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ka-pé)

→ Waray-Waray: kape


mint

From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat.
The verb is from the noun; Old English mynetian (“to mint”) is a parallel formation.

der

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang) Attractive; beautiful; handsome.


mint

en-noun

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


platinum

platinum (countable and uncountable, plural platinums)

From Spanish platina (“little silver”) del Pinto ("of the Pinto") + -um. It was called "little" (or "lesser") silver because the metal was found as an impurity in gold, and del Pinto for the Pinto River in Grand Columbia where Europeans discovered it being mined by Native Americans.

The chemical element with atomic number 78 and symbol Pt; a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, silverish-white transition metal of great value.


platinum

Of a musical recording that has sold over one million copies (for singles), or two million (for albums).


platinum

en-verb

platinum (third-person singular simple present platinums, present participle platinuming, simple past and past participle platinumed)

platinums (present singular third-person)
platinuming (participle present)
platinumed (participle past)
platinumed (past)

I platinumed in Clash of Clans yesterday.

(computer games) To attain all of the achievements in a game, on certain PlayStation consoles.


natural

en-adj

natural (comparative more natural, superlative most natural)

more natural (comparative)
most natural (superlative)

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

From Middle English natural, borrowed from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb). Displaced native Old English ġecynde. By surface analysis, nature + -al.

luonnollinen

that exists and evolved within the confines of an ecosystem

luonnollinen

having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position

Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Having an innate ability to fill a given role or profession, or display a specified character.


natural

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

natural:

An almost white colour, with tints of grey, yellow or brown; originally that of natural fabric.

Chinosole, who stopped straightening her hair and cut it into a natural while at a predominantly white college, was quite uneasy with the style

2002, Maxine Leeds Craig, Ain't I a Beauty Queen?: Black Women, Beauty, and the Politics of Race, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

I wanted to do it for so long — throw out my chemically relaxed hair for a natural.

2012, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Chicken Soup for the African American Soul: Celebrating and Sharing Our Culture One Story at a Time, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

Third, it insinuates that black afro hairstyles (e.g., naturals) relate to African cultural heritage, which is largely untrue.

2015, Carmen M. Cusack, HAIR AND JUSTICE: Sociolegal Significance of Hair in Criminal Justice, Constitutional Law, and Public Policy, Charles C Thomas Publisher, →ISBN, page 155:

(US, colloquial) A hairstyle for people with Afro-textured hair in which the hair is not straightened or otherwise treated.

> Nina Hartley ¶ 2, unattractive, square "steriod^([sic]) jaw", nice ass, FAKE breasts or small naturals, great sexual presence […] > Marilyn Monroe ¶ 7, decent body, medium NATURALS, stereotypical "godess^([sic])/playboy" blond/blue doesn't usually work for me, good sexual presence

1999 March 2, Mathew Alphonse Coppola, “Please rate these women...”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet), retrieved 2021-10-18:

She's [Eva/Mercedes] a brunette European with a curvy natural body with nice tits. For that matter, there are lots of women in Rocco [Siffredi]'s vids with nice naturals.

2002 August 19, Jon Eric, “Great Tit Debate.......”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet), retrieved 2021-10-18:

It isn't the big naturals on a little torso that do it for me, since that is not my thing.

2010 March 2, Miles Williams Mathis, “The Sexiest Women of the Screen: A Thinking Man's List”, in [personal website], archived from the original on 2010-09-23:

I’m really a good person with a good heart and I believe there is someone out there who will love me. Hopefully a Mexican hottie with big naturals.

2016 October 26, Stephen Falk, “The Seventh Layer”, in Wendey Stanzler, director, You're the Worst, season 3, episode 9 (television production), spoken by Vernon Barbara (Todd Robert Anderson), via FXX:

(slang, chiefly in plural) A breast which has not been modified by plastic surgery.


香

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma


stinkbomb

"There's a huge stinkbomb in that trashbin."

An explosion of unpleasant odors, such as rotten eggs or garbage.


sulfur

en-noun

sulfur (usually uncountable, plural sulfurs)

From Middle English sulphur, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sulfre, from Latin sulfur, from sulpur itself of uncertain origin. Displaced Old English swefl and largely displaced brimstone.

sulphur

UK; no longer standard in scientific usage

ultra-low sulfur diesel, ultra-low sulphur diesel

(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol S) with an atomic number of 16.

sulfur:

(countable, uncountable) A yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.

Coordinate term: yellow

Any of various pierid butterflies of the subfamily Coliadinae, especially the sulfur-coloured species.


sulfur

en-adj

sulfur (comparative more sulfur, superlative most sulfur)

more sulfur (comparative)
most sulfur (superlative)

Of a yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.


sulfur

en-verb

sulfur (third-person singular simple present sulfurs, present participle sulfuring, simple past and past participle sulfured)

sulfurs (present singular third-person)
sulfuring (participle present)
sulfured (participle past)
sulfured (past)

(transitive) To treat with sulfur, or a sulfur compound, especially to preserve or to counter agricultural pests.


黄

ja-adj

黄(き) • (ki) -na (adnominal 黄(き)な (ki na), adverbial 黄(き)に (ki ni))

黄 (canonical)
ki (romanization)
黄な (adnominal)
黄に (adverbial)
黄だろ (imperfective stem)
きだろ (imperfective stem)
ki daro (imperfective)
黄で (continuative stem)
きで (continuative stem)
ki de (continuative)
黄だ (stem terminative)
きだ (stem terminative)
ki da (terminative)
黄な (attributive stem)
きな (attributive stem)
ki na (attributive)
黄なら (hypothetical stem)
きなら (hypothetical stem)
ki nara (hypothetical)
黄であれ (imperative stem)
きであれ (imperative stem)
ki de are (imperative)
黄ではない (informal negative)
黄じゃない (informal negative)
きではない (informal negative)
きじゃない (informal negative)
ki de wa nai (informal negative)
ki ja nai (informal negative)
黄だった (informal past)
きだった (informal past)
ki datta (informal past)
黄ではなかった (informal negative past)
黄じゃなかった (informal negative past)
きではなかった (informal negative past)
きじゃなかった (informal negative past)
ki de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
ki ja nakatta (informal negative past)
黄です (formal)
きです (formal)
ki desu (formal)
黄ではありません (formal negative)
黄じゃありません (formal negative)
きではありません (formal negative)
きじゃありません (formal negative)
ki de wa arimasen (formal negative)
ki ja arimasen (formal negative)
黄でした (formal past)
きでした (formal past)
ki deshita (formal past)
黄ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
黄じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
きではありませんでした (formal negative past)
きじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ki de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
ki ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
黄で (conjunctive)
きで (conjunctive)
ki de (conjunctive)
黄なら（ば） (conditional)
きなら（ば） (conditional)
ki nara (ba) (conditional)
黄だったら (conditional past)
きだったら (conditional past)
ki dattara (conditional past)
黄だろう (volitional)
きだろう (volitional)
ki darō (volitional)
黄に (adverbial)
きに (adverbial)
ki ni (adverbial)
黄さ (noun-from-adj)
きさ (noun-from-adj)
kisa (noun-from-adj)
黃なら (irrealis stem)
きなら (irrealis stem)
kinara (irrealis)
黃に (continuative stem)
黃なり (continuative stem)
きに (continuative stem)
きなり (continuative stem)
kini (continuative)
kinari (continuative)
黃なり (stem terminative)
きなり (stem terminative)
kinari (terminative)
黃なる (attributive stem)
きなる (attributive stem)
kinaru (attributive)
黃なれ (realis stem)
きなれ (realis stem)
kinare (realis)
黃なれ (imperative stem)
きなれ (imperative stem)
kinare (imperative)
黃ならず (negative)
きならず (negative)
kinarazu (negative)
黃なれど (contrastive)
きなれど (contrastive)
kinaredo (contrastive)
黃なれば (causative)
きなれば (causative)
kinareba (causative)
黃ならば (conditional)
きならば (conditional)
kinaraba (conditional)
黃なりき (past)
きなりき (past)
kinariki (past)
黃なりけり (past)
きなりけり (past)
kinarikeri (past)
黃に (adverbial)
きに (adverbial)
kini (adverbial)

ja-adj-infl

黄

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


黄

黄 (canonical)
kō (romanization)
kwau (romanization)
くわう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 黃 (MC hwang).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


黄

黄 (canonical)
ō (romanization)
wau (romanization)
わう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 黃 (MC hwang).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


un

head

un (IIa class pluriform, R1 run, R2 sun, noun form una)

form una (noun)
Causative
moún
-ba'e
i unyba'e
-sab
-saba
undaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe un (active)
i un (active)
oré un (active)
îandé un (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe un (active)
ta nde un (active)
t'i un (active)
t'oré un (active)
t'îandé un (active)
ta pe un (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe uni (active)
na nde uni (active)
n'i uni (active)
n'oré uni (active)
n'îandé uni (active)
na pe uni (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde un umẽ (active)
pe un umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe un umẽ (active)
ta nde un umẽ (active)
t'i un umẽ (active)
t'oré un umẽ (active)
t'îandé un umẽ (active)
ta pe un umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe unamo (gerund)
nde unamo (gerund)
o unamo (gerund)
oré unamo (gerund)
îandé unamo (gerund)
pe unamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe une'ymamo (gerund)
nde une'ymamo (gerund)
o une'ymamo (gerund)
oré une'ymamo (gerund)
îandé une'ymamo (gerund)
pe une'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
una (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
une'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe uni (infinitive)
i uni (infinitive)
oré uni (infinitive)
îandé uni (infinitive)
xe une'ymi (infinitive)
i une'ymi (infinitive)
oré une'ymi (infinitive)
îandé une'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *un (“black, dark”).
Cognate with Guaraní hũ.


pers

From Dutch pers, from Middle Dutch perse.


pers

fr-adj

pers (feminine perse, masculine plural pers, feminine plural perses)

perse (feminine)
pers (masculine plural)
perses (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin persus (“Persian”).

bor+

(literary) blue-green (particularly used in reference to eyes)


黒

⟨kuro₁⟩ → /kuro/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). In turn, from Proto-Japonic *kuro.
Via root morpheme *kur, cognates include:
* 涅 (kuri, “black mud from the bed of a body of water”)
* 暗 (kura, “darkness; deception”), 蔵, 倉, 庫 (kura, “[dark] storehouse”), and 暗い (kurai, “dark”)
* classical verb 暮る (kuru), modern 暮れる (kureru, “to become dark; to near the end [of a day, of a year, of a life”), and 暗れる, 眩れる (kureru, “to become depressed, to become dreary of mood”)
Possibly also cognate with Ainu kur (“shadow”) and Korean 구름 (gureum, “cloud”); compare also Japanese 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), Korean 검— (geom-, “black”), and Ainu kunne (“black; dark”).

particularly grain that has rotted on the stalk

白黒

this and that, so-and-so, such-and-such: unspecified items brought up for criticism

白黒

black and white; monochrome; panic or startled state; confusion; sex show

暮れる

to become dark; to near the end (of a day, of a year, of a life)

晦ます

to conceal oneself, to abscond; to deceive, to fool

暮れ六つ

Edo-period term for a time of day, roughly 6 pm

(go) a black stone; the person who plays black stones

behind the scenes
behind the scenes#English

(euphemistic) short for 黒幕 (kuromaku): a black curtain (someone influencing or controlling matters from behind the scenes)


黒

Cognate with Japanese 黒(くろ) (kuro) and Northern Amami Ōshima 黒 (kuru).


alb

albi (plural)
alb (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
un alb (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
albul (accusative definite nominative singular)
albi (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște albi (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
albii (accusative definite nominative plural)
alb (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unui alb (dative genitive indefinite singular)
albului (dative definite genitive singular)
albi (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor albi (dative genitive indefinite plural)
albilor (dative definite genitive plural)
albule (singular vocative)
albilor (plural vocative)

Inherited from Latin albus, from Proto-Italic *alβos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰos, *álbʰos, *albʰós (“white”). Doublet of album.


alb

rm-adj

alb m (feminine singular alba, masculine plural albs, feminine plural albas)

alba (feminine singular)
albs (masculine plural)
albas (feminine plural)


黑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黑):
* → Japanese: 黒(こく) (koku)
* → Korean: 흑(黑) (heuk)
* → Vietnamese: hắc (黑)

Five Punishments
Shuowen
Spring and Autumn
Warring States

Pictogram (象形) – a person (大) with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing (墨), one of the five punishments of ancient China. In the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, dots were sometimes added around 大, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 𡆧 (“chimney”) + 炎 (“fire; flame”) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.
This word displaced the earlier word for "black", 玄.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).
The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Han compound

† - usually describes the color of cloth or thread

黑色

她戴著黑帽子。

Nothing red is seen but foxes,
Nothing black but crows.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

莫赤匪狐，莫黑匪烏。

莫赤匪狐，莫黑匪乌。


kana

kȁna (canonical feminine)
ка̏на (Cyrillic)
kȁna (nominative singular)
kane (nominative plural)
kane (genitive singular)
kȃnā (genitive plural)
kani (dative singular)
kanama (dative plural)
kanu (accusative singular)
kane (accusative plural)
kano (singular vocative)
kane (plural vocative)
kani (locative singular)
kanama (locative plural)
kanom (instrumental singular)
kanama (instrumental plural)

Borrowing from Ottoman Turkish قنا (kına), from Arabic حِنَّاء (ḥinnāʔ).

bor

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">kına</i>

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual


transparent

fr-adj

transparent (feminine transparente, masculine plural transparents, feminine plural transparentes)

transparente (feminine)
transparents (masculine plural)
transparentes (feminine plural)

→ Turkish: transparan

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānspārentem (“transparent”), present participle of transpareō, from Latin trāns + pareō.

bor+

J’étais transparent à ses regards.


aqua

en-adj

aqua (comparative more aqua, superlative most aqua)

more aqua (comparative)
most aqua (superlative)

From Middle English aqua (“water”), borrowed from Latin aqua. Perhaps also a learned borrowing directly from Latin. Doublet of ea, Eau, eau, and yeo.


jet

jet (comparative jetter or more jet, superlative jettest or most jet)

jetter (comparative)
more jet (comparative)
jettest (superlative)
most jet (superlative)

From Middle English get, geet, gete, from a northern form of Old French jayet, jaiet, gaiet, from Latin gagātēs, from Ancient Greek Γαγάτης (Gagátēs), from Γάγας (Gágas, “a town and river in Lycia”). Doublet of gagate.

All the direct blacks require working in strong baths to give anything like black shades; they all have, more or less, a bluish tone, which can be changed to a jetter shade by the addition of a yellow or green dye in small proportions, which has been done in one of the recipes given above.

1901, Franklin Beech, The Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics: A Practical Handbook for the Dyer and Student:

She was an ash blonde with greenish eyes, beaded lashes, hair waved smoothly back from ears in which large jet buttons glittered.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 23:


antique white

en-noun

antique white (countable and uncountable, plural antique whites)

antique white:


must

must (nominative singular)
mustad (nominative plural)
mustan (accusative singular)
mustad (accusative plural)
mustan (genitive singular)
mustiden (genitive plural)
mustad (partitive singular)
mustid (partitive plural)
mustan (essive-instructive singular)
mustin (essive-instructive plural)
mustaks (singular translative)
mustikš (plural translative)
mustas (inessive singular)
mustiš (inessive plural)
mustaspäi (elative singular)
mustišpäi (elative plural)
mustaha (illative singular)
mustha (illative singular)
mustihe (illative plural)
mustal (adessive singular)
mustil (adessive plural)
mustalpäi (ablative singular)
mustilpäi (ablative plural)
mustale (allative singular)
mustile (allative plural)
mustata (abessive singular)
mustita (abessive plural)
mustanke (comitative singular)
mustidenke (comitative plural)
mustadme (prolative singular)
mustidme (plural prolative)
mustanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
mustidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
mustannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
mustidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
mustannopäi (egressive singular)
mustidennopäi (egressive plural)
mustahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
musthasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
mustihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
mustalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
mustilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
mustassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
mustahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
musthapäi (additive additive-i singular)
mustihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
mustalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
mustilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


must

musta (genitive)
musta (partitive)
must (nominative singular)
mustaq (nominative plural)
musta (accusative singular)
mustaq (accusative plural)
musta (genitive singular)
muste (genitive plural)
musta (partitive singular)
muste (partitive plural)
musta (illative singular)
muste (illative plural)
mustehe (illative plural)
mustan (inessive singular)
mustahn (inessive singular)
musten (inessive plural)
mustehn (inessive plural)
mustast (elative singular)
mustest (elative plural)
mustalõ (allative singular)
mustelõ (allative plural)
mustal (adessive singular)
mustel (adessive plural)
mustalt (ablative singular)
mustelt (ablative plural)
mustas (singular translative)
mustes (plural translative)
mustaniq (singular terminative)
musteniq (plural terminative)
mustaldaq (abessive singular)
musteldaq (abessive plural)
mustagaq (comitative singular)
mustegaq (comitative plural)


yellowish

From Middle English ȝelowisch; equivalent to yellow + -ish.


lava

lava (countable and uncountable, plural lavas)

From Italian, from Neapolitan lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”). Likely in the sense of “landslide, torrent” from Latin labes (“fall”), compare labina (“avalanche, landslide”). A supposed relation with lavare (“to wash”) is now widely discredited. Neither is there probably any relation with Arabic لابة (lāba, “black volcanic rock”).

noncog

The molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides; magma that has breached the surface of the earth.


walnut

From Middle English walnote, walnutte, walnotte, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “foreign nut”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”) + *hnuts (“nut”). Cognate with Dutch walnoot, German Walnuss, Swedish valnöt, Icelandic valhneta. Compare more recent term Welsh onion, which also uses Welsh to mean “foreign”.

inh

Having a dark brown colour, the colour of walnut wood.


almond

en-noun

almond (countable and uncountable, plural almonds)

From Middle English almond, almaund, from Old French almande, amande, from Vulgar Latin *amendla, *amandula, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), of uncertain origin. Influenced by amandus and by many European words of Arabic origin beginning with the Arabic definite article Arabic ال (al-). Compare Spanish almóndiga and Portuguese almôndega (“meatball”) from Andalusian Arabic البُنْدُقَة (“hazelnut”). Doublet of amygdala, amygdale, and mandorla.

doublet

Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

bitter almond. of variety Prunus amygdalus var. amara, (syn. Prunus dulcis var. amara), that only produces bitter fruits

Prunus japonica, flowering almond, an ornamental shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus andersonii, desert almond, a North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus fasciculata, desert range almond or wild almond, North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Terminalia catappa, Indian almond or tropical almond, in family Combretaceae

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

Brabejum stellatifolium or bitter almond, in family Proteaceae

almond:

(uncountable) The colour of the kernel of an almond without its shell and thin seed coat, a creamy off-white colour.


rust

en-noun

rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)

From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).
Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.

ҡыҙғылт көрән

qıźğılt körən

front-runner-itis runs: rust: myrtle rust

copper rust

A similar substance based on another metal.


rust

en-verb

rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted)

rusts (present singular third-person)
rusting (participle present)
rusted (participle past)
rusted (past)

From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).

It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.

(intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight.


snowflake

From snow + flake. Compare Saterland Frisian Sneeflokke (“snowflake”), Dutch sneeuwvlok, Luxembourgish Schnéiflack, German Schneeflocke.

cog

Robertson and colleagues reported 10 patients in four families with lesions similar to those of stage I and stage II snowflake generation.

2007, Kenneth W. Wright, Peter H. Spiegel, Lisa Thompson, Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease, →ISBN, page 195:

The authors have recently analyzed a PMMA lens explanted because of snowflake degeneration in the dry and hydrated states.

2010, Roger F. Steinert, Cataract Surgery, →ISBN, page 525:

These defects may be more pronounced in the superior visual field, perhaps corresponding to the inferior predilection for the snowflake lesions.

2011, Elias I. Traboulsi, Genetic Diseases of the Eye, →ISBN, page 520:

(ophthalmology) A type of lesion that appears as scattered white-brown spots under high magnification light microscopy.


negro

Borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese negro (“black”), from Latin nigrum (“shiny black”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“bare; night”). Doublet of noir.

der

The negroes believe that its presence has a sanitary effect upon their cattle […]

1867, Mayne Reid, Quadrupeds: what they are and where found, page 141:

What Peter said was true but she hated to hear it from a negro and a family negro, too. Not to stand high in the opinion of one's servants was a humiliating a thing as could happen to a Southerner.

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 675:

There were two negros who were guilty of thieving; he went and had them both shot, and gave notice that he would put all to death who kept disturbing the property of the white people, and kept confusion in their land.

2003, Benjamin Hawkins, Howard Thomas Foster, The Collected Works of Benjamin Hawkins, 1796–1810, page 259:

His parents had always said that the area he grew up in had been a nice place to live before 'those Negros invaded'.

(dated, now offensive) A person of Black African ancestry.


negro

an-adj

negro (feminine negra, masculine plural negros, feminine plural negras)

negra (feminine)
negros (masculine plural)
negras (feminine plural)

Akin to Spanish negro, from Latin nigrum.


negro

it-adj

negro (feminine negra, masculine plural negri, feminine plural negre)

negra (feminine)
negri (masculine plural)
negre (feminine plural)

From Latin nigrum. The offensive senses derive from the anglophone usage of Spanish negro.


negro

pt-noun

negro m (plural negros, feminine negra, feminine plural negras)

negros (plural)
negra (feminine)
negras (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese negro, from Latin nigrum.

Pisando no céu enquanto eles se perguntam
 Como esse negro não cai
 Dizem que o céu é o limite
 Eles se perguntam
 Porque esse negro não cai

2018, “Minotauro de Borges”, performed by Baco Exu do Blues:

Stepping on the sky while they ask
 How this nigga don't fall
 They say the sky is the limit
 They ask themselves
 Why this nigga don't fall

(possibly offensive) black; negro (dark-skinned person)


negro

pt-adj

negro (feminine negra, masculine plural negros, feminine plural negras, comparable, comparative mais negro, superlative o mais negro or negríssimo, diminutive negrinho, augmentative negrão)

negra (feminine)
negros (masculine plural)
negras (feminine plural)
mais negro (comparative)
o mais negro (superlative)
negríssimo (superlative)
negrinho (diminutive)
negrão (augmentative)

Papiamentu: negru


negro

black (the color perceived in the absence of light)


negro

a black person; a person of black African descent


negro

q

cross-loan with Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">niger</i>

→ English: negro (or via Portuguese), nigro (cross-loan with Latin niger, obsolete), nigra [1900s]

→ French: nègre

→ Dutch: neger

→ English: neger

⇒ English: niger, nigger, nigga (cross-loan with Latin niger)

→ Danish: nigger

→ Dutch: nikker

→ German: Nigger

→ Norwegian: nigger

→ Swedish: nigger

→ German: Neger

→ Norwegian: neger

→ Swedish: neger

→ Russian: негр (negr)

→ French: négro

black (absorbing all light and reflecting none; dark and hueless)

black (of or relating to any of various ethnic groups having dark pigmentation of the skin)


negro

tl-noun

negro (feminine negra, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish negro, from Latin nigrum.

(archaic, rare) black (the color perceived in the absence of light)


temple

Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:head
From Middle English temple, from Old French temple, from Vulgar Latin *temp(u)la, from Latin tempora (“the temples”), plural of tempus (“temple, head, face”). See temporal bone.

(ophthalmology) Either of the sidepieces on a set of spectacles, extending backwards from the hinge toward the ears and, usually, turning down around them.


visible

en-adj

visible (comparative more visible, superlative most visible)

more visible (comparative)
most visible (superlative)

From Middle English visible, from Old French visible, from Late Latin visibilis (“that may be seen”), from Latin videre (“to see”), past participle visus; see vision. Displaced native Old English ġesewenlīċ.

der

When the sun rises, the world becomes visible.

It cannot be denied it [the chameleon] is (if not the moſt of any) a very abſtemious animall, and ſuch as by reaſon of its frigidity, paucity of bloud, and latitancy in the winter (about which time the obſervations are often made) will long ſubſist without a viſible ſuſtentation.

1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Cameleon”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 133:

Although the Celebrity was almost impervious to sarcasm, he was now beginning to exhibit visible signs of uneasiness, the consciousness dawning upon him that his eccentricity was not receiving the ovation it merited.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close[…]above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them. Many insects probably use this strategy, which is a close analogy to crypsis in the visible world—camouflage and other methods for blending into one’s visual background.

2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:


Byzantine

en-adj

Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)

more Byzantine (comparative)
most Byzantine (superlative)

From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The metaphorical senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.


Byzantine

en-noun

Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)

(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire


miasma

From Ancient Greek μίασμα (míasma, “stain, pollution”).


alliaceous

en-adj

alliaceous (comparative more alliaceous, superlative most alliaceous)

more alliaceous (comparative)
most alliaceous (superlative)


graphite

en-noun

graphite (countable and uncountable, plural graphites)

Borrowed from German Graphit (A. G. Werner 1789), from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).

Modern tennis racquets are made of graphite, fibreglass and other man-made materials.

Short for graphite-reinforced plastic, a composite plastic made with graphite fibers noted for light weight strength and stiffness.


invisible

From Middle English invisible, from Old French invisible, from Late Latin invīsibilis. Displaced native Old English unġesewenlīċ.
Morphologically in- + visible.

Unſpeakable, who ſitſt above theſe Heavens / To us inviſible or dimly ſeen / In theſe thy loweſt works,[…]

1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track.[…]Their example was followed by others at a time when the master of Mohair was superintending in person the docking of some two-year-olds, and equally invisible.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, pages 58–59:

Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.

The teeth on an invisible zip are different from those on a conventional zip, as they are turned onto the inside so that they do not show, giving the impression of being concealed in the seam, as seen below.

2013, Jayne Smith, Guide to Basic Garment Assembly for the Fashion Industry, page 60:

Soon after departure, we cross the invisible border into Scotland to enjoy more stunning coastal scenery, before the line finally swings inland at Burnmouth to traverse pine-clad valleys, shadowed by the A1 trunk road until we rejoin the coast at Cove, east of Dunbar.

2022 November 30, Paul Bigland, “Destination Oban: a Sunday in Scotland”, in RAIL, number 971, page 75:

Unable to be seen; out of sight; not visible.

(psychology) That is ignored by a person.


invisible

(obsolete) An invisible person or thing; specifically, God, the Supreme Being.

Invisibles. Heretics who denied the visibility of the Church

1872, Orby Shipley, A Glossary of Ecclesiastical Terms:

(obsolete) One of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility of the church.


baba

bābā (canonical masculine)
bāban (possessed-form)


baba

ògòǹgò, baba ẹyẹ

The ostrich, the most revered of all the birds


baba

Possibly from Etymology 3 (bàbà (“copper”)), in reference to the copper-like color of sorghum

dark red color, in comparison to the color of sorghum


cyngiel

cyngle (nominative plural)
cyngli (genitive plural)
cynglom (dative plural)
cyngle (accusative plural)
cynglami (instrumental plural)
cynglach (locative plural)
cyngle (plural vocative)


humour

desctree

English: humour, humor (US)
→⇒ Chinese:
Cantonese: 幽默 (jau¹ mak⁶)
Mandarin: 幽默 (yōumò)
→ Danish: humor
→ Icelandic: húmor
→ Dutch: humor
→ Esperanto: humuro
→ French: humour
→ Romanian: humor, umor
→ Turkish: humor
→ German: Humor (semantic loan)
→ Polish: humor
→ Yiddish: הומאָר (humor) (probably)
→ Greek: χιούμορ (chioúmor)
→ Italian: humour
→ Japanese: ユーモア (yūmoa)
→ Korean: 유머 (yumeo)
→ Norwegian: (also via German)
Bokmål: humor
Nynorsk: humor
→ Russian: ю́мор (júmor), гу́мор (gúmor)
→ Azerbaijani: yumor
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ху̀мор
Latin script: hùmor
→ Swedish: humor (semantic loan)

Scots: humour

From Old French humor, from Latin hūmor, ūmor.

A "cardinal humour" (four liquids believed to affect health and mood)

A bodily liquid or substance that is caused by disease.

One of the two (usually reckoned as three or four) fluidous portions of the eye.

Any fluid; something which flows or moves in a fluidous manner:

The liquid contained within a plant; plant juices.

(rare) A liquid of the human body (e.g. blood)


achiote

en-noun

achiote (countable and uncountable, plural achiotes)

/ˌɑt͡ʃiːˈoʊti/

Borrowed from Spanish achiote, from Classical Nahuatl āchiyōtl.

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

A tropical American evergreen shrub, Bixa orellana; the lipstick tree.


achiote

/ɐˈt͡ʃjɔ.tɨ/

achiote (Bixa orellana, a tropical American evergreen shrub)

achiote (orange-red dye obtained from achiote seeds)


achiote

→ Catalan: arxiota

→ English: achiote

→ Quechua: achiyuti

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl āchiyōtl.

bor+

(Latin America) achiote (Bixa orellana, a tropical American evergreen shrub)

(Latin America) achiote (seed of the achiote shrub)

(Latin America) achiote (orange-red dye obtained from achiote seeds)


coarse

en-adj

coarse (comparative coarser, superlative coarsest)

coarser (comparative)
coarsest (superlative)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

Adjectival use of course that diverged in spelling in the 18th century. The sense developed from '(following) the usual course' (cf. of course) to 'ordinary, common' to 'lacking refinement', with 'not fine, granular' arising from its application to cloth. Compare the development of mean.

coarse manners

coarse language

☞ This word [earth] is liable to a coarſe vulgar pronunciation, as if written Urth;[…]

1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 211:


double vision

A disorder of vision in which a single object is seen as two.


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson
en:cocoa

en-noun

cocoa (countable and uncountable, plural cocoas)

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. The form cocoa by confusion with coco, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language. Doublet of cacao.

An unsweetened brown powder made from roasted, ground cocoa beans, used in making chocolate, and in cooking.

Do you like cocoa?

Half past nine - high time for supper;
Cocoa, love? Of course, my dear.
Helen thinks it quite delicious,
John prefers it now to beer....
¶For they've stumbled on the secret
Of a love that never wanes,
Rapt beneath the tumbled bedclothes,
Cocoa coursing through their veins.

1979, Stanley J. Sharpless, A Food Lover's Companion, Harper & Row, Evan Jones (edit.)

(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.

cocoa:

(countable) A light to medium brown colour.


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson

Of a light to medium brown colour, like that of cocoa powder.


cocoa

By confusion with cocoa, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language.

(now nonstandard) Alternative spelling of coco.


perfume

perfume (countable and uncountable, plural perfumes)

Borrowed from Middle French parfum, perfum. Doublet of parfum.

គន្ធរស

kŏənthĕəʼrŭəh

Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:

A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor


flamingo

/fləˈmɪŋɡoʊ/

Diccionario de la lengua española
flamingo

From Portuguese flamengo (“flamingo”) and Spanish flamenco (“flamingo”), which were adapted from Catalan flamenc (“flamingo”), of disputed ultimate origin in this sense. All three forms are used adjectivally as an ethnonym meaning 'Flemish' (of Germanic origin, cognate to English Fleming); Spanish flamenco refers also to a dance type. Compare also French flamant (“flamingo”).
*The bird's name may derive from the ethnonym by an association of a ruddy complexion or hair color with the Flemings; this etymology is supported by Corominas. (In Spanish, flamenco can be used colloquially as an adjective meaning "robust, healthy-looking".)
* Alternatively, either the dance flamenco, the bird name or both come from attaching the same Germanic-derived ending found in the ethnonym to the distinct root of Latin flamma (“flame”): i.e. Catalan flamenc has been analyzed as flama (“flame”) + -enc. Compare also Portuguese -engo.

Of a deep pink color tinged with orange, like that of a flamingo.