BJD

(Indian politics) Initialism of Biju Janata Dal, a political party.


warga

id-noun

warga (first-person possessive wargaku, second-person possessive wargamu, third-person possessive warganya)

wargaku (first-person possessive)
wargamu (possessive second-person)
warganya (possessive third-person)

From Malay warga, from Classical Malay ورڬ (warga), from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga).


अद्वैत

hi-proper noun

अद्वैत • (advait) m (Urdu spelling ادویت)

advait (romanization)
ادویت (Urdu)
अद्वैत (direct singular)
अद्वैत (oblique singular)
अद्वैत (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अद्वैत (ádvaita, “not dual”).

bor+

(Hinduism) advaita vedanta (a branch of Hinduism)


juga

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit युग (yuga).


marga

en-noun

marga (countable and uncountable, plural margas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga). Doublet of marg.

(Hinduism, yoga) Any of various paths or courses seen as leading to enlightenment.


naga

From an Australian Aboriginal language; cf. Wulna nākā (“dress, covering”)

Boys and many of the men wear the naga, akin to bathing trunks […]

1926 October 30, The Sydney Morning Herald:

[…] a young lubra wearing nothing but a naga of paper-bark rose and came forward shyly.

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter II, in Capricornia, page 22:

PAUL RUNDLE: Backstage, they were just asking us, "Where are you from," and all that. And they were touching us and all that there, and I was just there with my little naga and, yeah. And plus we had no ochre, so we had to use sunscreen.

2006, Message Stick, ABC1, Friday, 30 June, 2006

2008, Derrick Tomlinson, "Too white to be regarded as Aborigines: An historical analysis of policies for the protection of Aborigines and the assimilation of Aborigines of mixed descent, and the role of Chief Protectors of Aborigines in the formulation and implementation of those policies, in Western Australia from 1898 to 1940" (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)). University of Notre Dame Australia.
They doesn’t dress like people doing the Law this time, walking in shirt and tie, they used to have naga and really truly paint up, real tribal way, you know?


puja

puja (countable and uncountable, plural pujas)

From Sanskrit पूजा (pūjā, “reverence or worship”).

uder

The Grunth, the holy book of the Sikhs, seems to be becoming an object of idolatrous worship. They do puja to it, and carry it in procession daily.

1879, Frances Maria Milman, Memoir of the Right Rev. Robert Milman, page 79:

‘Godbole's pujah did it,’ cried the Englishman.

1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 122:

The priest had performed the puja and tied a string around his father's silk purse to make sure that the Rana didn't spend even a copper coin while he was a guest of Merta.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 43:

Deeming the tank ‘polluted’ and its water unfit for consumption, a puja ceremony was performed by Brahmin men to ‘purify’ the reservoir.

2023, Radhika Iyengar, Fire on the Ganges, Fourth Estate, page 18:

A religious ritual performed in South Asia as an act of worship.


puja

(Hinduism) a religious ritual performed as an act of worship.


Pandu

Transliteration of Sanskrit पाण्डु (pāṇḍu).

translit

A mytho-historical figure from India, best known as the father of another group of figures, the Pandavas in Mahabharata.


Pandavas

Derived from Pandu, the mytho-historical figure represented as the father of the members of this group.

A mytho-historical group of archetypes of perfection, the five acknowledged sons of Pandu, according to the Indian epic Mahabharata.


اگنی

ur-proper noun

اَگْنی • (agnī) m (Hindi spelling अग्नि)

اَگْنی (canonical)
agnī (romanization)
अग्नि (Hindi)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of آگ (āg) and اَگَن (agan).


siddhi

en-noun

siddhi (countable and uncountable, plural siddhis)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिद्धि (siddhi).

lbor

(Hinduism, tantric Buddhism) spiritual power or psychic ability


நடு

ta-noun

நடு • (naṭu)

naṭu (romanization)
நடு (nominative singular)
நடுவே (singular vocative)
நடுவை (accusative singular)
நடுக்கு (dative singular)
நடுக்காக (benefactive singular)
நடுவுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
நடுவின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
நடுவில் (locative locative-i singular)
நடுவிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
நடுவோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
நடுவுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
நடுவால் (instrumental singular)
நடுவிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

Cognate with Telugu నడుము (naḍumu), Malayalam നടുവ് (naṭuvŭ), Kannada ನಡು (naḍu).


vote bank

(India, politics) A section of an electorate that will vote for a particular party or formation, come what may.

base

group of voters who almost always support a single party's candidates


lila

Transliteration of Sanskrit लीला (līlā).

His face shone with joy when he read good books, thought new thoughts, heard news about the country's welfare, or when God's lila filled his mind.

2015, Tridip Suhrud, translating Govardhanram Madhavram Tripathi, Sarasvatichandra I, Orient BlackSwan 2015, p. 11

(Hinduism) The play of god’s spirit manifested in the universe; divine play, creative spiritual energy.


బృహస్పతి

Borrowed from Sanskrit बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati). Cognate with Malayalam ബൃഹസ്പതി (br̥haspati), Tamil பிரகஸ்பதி (pirakaspati).

bor+

(Hinduism) Brihaspati: The name of the priest of the Gods.


Arjuna

en-proper noun

Arjuna (countable and uncountable, plural Arjunas)

Transliteration of Sanskrit अर्जुन (arjuna).

translit

A major character of the Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic.


Arjuna

From Javanese ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), from Sanskrit अर्जुन (arjuna).


Arjuna

desc

Javanese: ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), ꦲꦼꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Herjuna)

→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬚᬸᬦ (Arjuna)


Arjuna

(Hinduism) Arjuna (hero of the Mahabharata)


kshatriya

From Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “(the warrior or military caste or a member of this caste”), from क्षत्र (kṣatra, “rule, dominion, authority”). Akin to satrap.

bor

The kshatriya could only hope to become a monk in his next life, but given the nature of his daily karma, it seemed unlikely that he could achieve even this limited goal.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 307:

"Bṛhannaḍā said, 'It is not the habit of a kṣatriya to flee like this; death in battle is preferable to flight in fear.'" (Mahābhārata: "Virāṭa Parva")

A member of the second-highest of the four castes or varnas in traditional Hindu society: the warrior or military caste.


Advaita

(Hinduism) A Sanskrit philosophical term that may be literally rendered in English as nonduality: denoting that though differences and variegation appear in the human condition they are unreal or illusory and are not ultimately true.

adwajta

Hindu doctrine holding that differences in the human condition are illusory


kasta

kastowy (adjective)
kasta (nominative singular)
kasty (nominative plural)
kasty (genitive singular)
kast (genitive plural)
kaście (dative singular)
kastom (dative plural)
kastę (accusative singular)
kasty (accusative plural)
kastą (instrumental singular)
kastami (instrumental plural)
kaście (locative singular)
kastach (locative plural)
kasto (singular vocative)
kasty (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English caste, French caste, German Kaste, ultimately from Portuguese casta.

(Hinduism) caste (any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies)


ashramite

(Hinduism) A person who stays at an ashram


নমস্কার

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra).

lbor

(Hinduism) a salutation; a greeting used for most purposes including hello, good morning/afternoon, and goodbye


आत्मा

hi-noun

आत्मा • (ātmā) f

ātmā (romanization)
आत्मा (direct singular)
आत्माएँ (direct plural)
आत्मा (oblique singular)
आत्माओं (oblique plural)
आत्मा (singular vocative)
आत्माओ (plural vocative)

(Hinduism, Sikhism) supreme Spirit, paramatman


आत्मा

head

आत्मा • (ātmā) m

mr-noun

आत्मा • (ātmā) m

ātmā (romanization)
आत्मा
आत्मे
आत्म्या
आत्म्यां-
आत्म्याला
आत्म्यांना
आत्म्याने (ergative)
आत्म्यानं (ergative)
आत्म्यांनी (ergative)
आत्म्याशी (instrumental)
आत्म्यांशी (instrumental)
Locative Note: -त  is a postposition.
आत्म्याचा
आत्म्याचे
आत्म्याची
आत्म्याच्या
आत्म्याचं
आत्म्यांचा
आत्म्यांचे
आत्म्यांची
आत्म्यांच्या
आत्म्यांचं
आत्म्यांच्या

mr-decl-noun

masc ā-stem

mr-decl-noun/link

आत्म्यांच्या

आत्म्यांच्या

Inherited from Old Marathi आत्मा (ātmā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).

(Hinduism) the supreme soul of the universe


पुजारी

hi-noun

पुजारी • (pujārī) m (Urdu spelling پُجارِی)

pujārī (romanization)
پُجارِی (Urdu)
पुजारी (direct singular)
पुजारी (direct plural)
पुजारी (oblique singular)
पुजारियों (oblique plural)
पुजारी (singular vocative)
पुजारियो (plural vocative)

→ English: pujari

/pʊ.d͡ʒɑː.ɾiː/

[pʊ.d͡ʒäː.ɾiː]


पुरुष

púruṣa (romanization)
पुरुषः (nominative singular)
पुरुषौ (dual nominative)
पुरुषा1 (dual nominative)
पुरुषाः (nominative plural)
पुरुषासः1 (nominative plural)
पुरुष (singular vocative)
पुरुषौ (dual vocative)
पुरुषा1 (dual vocative)
पुरुषाः (plural vocative)
पुरुषासः1 (plural vocative)
पुरुषम् (accusative singular)
पुरुषौ (accusative dual)
पुरुषा1 (accusative dual)
पुरुषान् (accusative plural)
पुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
पुरुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुरुषाय (dative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरुषात् (ablative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
पुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुरुषे (locative singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual locative)
पुरुषेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha:

Arabic script: پوُروُشؕ

Latin script: púruṣ

Prakrits:

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੁਰਖ (purakh), ਪੁਰਸ਼ (puraś)

Shahmukhi script: پُرَکھ (purakh), پُرَش (puraś)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पुरुख (purukh)

Urdu: پُرُکھ (purukh)

→ Assamese: পুৰুষ (purux)

→ Bengali: পুরুষ (puruś)

→ Gujarati: પુરુષ (puruṣ)

→ Hindi: पुरुष (puruṣ)

→ Urdu: پرش (puruś)

→ Kannada: ಪುರುಷ (puruṣa)

→ Khmer: ប្រុស (proh)

→ Lao: ບຸຣຸດ (bu rut)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: पुरुख (purukha), पुरुष (puruṣa)

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa)

desc

→ Tamil: புருஷன் (puruṣaṉ, “husband, man, manhood, life, people”)

→ Telugu: పురుషుడు (puruṣuḍu)

→ Thai: บุรุษ (bù-rùt)

→ Sinhalese: පුරුෂ (puruṣa)

An alteration of *pū́rṣa (by analogy with mánuṣya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥Hṣas (“man”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Pali purisa, Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa, “man”), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa). Further related to Latin pariō (“to spawn, to beget”).

der

स॒हस्र॑शीर्षा॒ पुरु॑षः सहस्रा॒क्षः स॒हस्र॑पात्।
स भूमिं॑ वि॒श्वतो॑ वृ॒त्वात्य॑तिष्ठद्दशाङ्गु॒लम्॥
sahásraśīrṣā púruṣaḥ sahasrākṣáḥ sahásrapāt.
sá bhū́miṃ viśváto vṛtvā́tyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulám.
Puruṣa, who has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet, investing the earth in all directions, exceeds (it by a space) measuring ten fingers.

(Vedic religion) Purusha, the divine being from whom the universe is said to be originated


आचार्य

hi-noun

आचार्य • (ācārya) m (Urdu spelling آچاریہ)

ācārya (romanization)
آچاریہ (Urdu)
आचार्य (direct singular)
आचार्य (direct plural)
आचार्य (oblique singular)
आचार्यों (oblique plural)
आचार्य (singular vocative)
आचार्यो (plural vocative)

/ɑː.t͡ʃɑːɾ.jᵊ/

[äː.t͡ʃäːɾ.jᵊ]


केसरी

hi-proper noun

केसरी • (kesrī) m

kesrī (romanization)
केसरी (direct singular)
केसरी (oblique singular)
केसरी (singular vocative)

From Sanskrit केसरिन् (kesarin) / केशरिन् (keśarin, literally “maned, having a mane”).

(Hinduism) Kesari (the father of Hanuman)


हीरा

हीरा • (hīrā) f

hīrā (romanization)
हीरा (direct singular)
हीरा (oblique singular)
हीरा (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit हीरा (hīrā).


हीरा

hīrā (romanization)
हीरा (nominative singular)
हीरे (dual nominative)
हीराः (nominative plural)
हीरे (singular vocative)
हीरे (dual vocative)
हीराः (plural vocative)
हीराम् (accusative singular)
हीरे (accusative dual)
हीराः (accusative plural)
हीरया (instrumental singular)
हीरा1 (instrumental singular)
हीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हीराभिः (instrumental plural)
हीरायै (dative singular)
हीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
हीराभ्यः (dative plural)
हीरायाः (ablative singular)
हीरायै2 (ablative singular)
हीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हीराभ्यः (ablative plural)
हीरायाः (genitive singular)
हीरायै2 (genitive singular)
हीरयोः (dual genitive)
हीराणाम् (genitive plural)
हीरायाम् (locative singular)
हीरयोः (dual locative)
हीरासु (locative plural)


गरुड

garuḍá (romanization)
गरुडः (nominative singular)
गरुडौ (dual nominative)
गरुडा1 (dual nominative)
गरुडाः (nominative plural)
गरुडासः1 (nominative plural)
गरुड (singular vocative)
गरुडौ (dual vocative)
गरुडा1 (dual vocative)
गरुडाः (plural vocative)
गरुडासः1 (plural vocative)
गरुडम् (accusative singular)
गरुडौ (accusative dual)
गरुडा1 (accusative dual)
गरुडान् (accusative plural)
गरुडेन (instrumental singular)
गरुडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गरुडैः (instrumental plural)
गरुडेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गरुडाय (dative singular)
गरुडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गरुडेभ्यः (dative plural)
गरुडात् (ablative singular)
गरुडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गरुडेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गरुडस्य (genitive singular)
गरुडयोः (dual genitive)
गरुडानाम् (genitive plural)
गरुडे (locative singular)
गरुडयोः (dual locative)
गरुडेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: গরুড় (goruṛ)

→ Chinese: 迦樓羅／迦楼罗 (jiālóuluó)

→ Japanese: 迦楼羅

→ English: garuda

→ Gujarati: ગરુડ (garuḍ)

→ Hindi: गरुड़ (garuṛ)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: garuḍa
> Javanese: ꦒꦫꦸꦝ (garudha) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: garuda
→ Malay: geroda
→ Balinese: ᬕᬭᬸᬥ (garuda)

→ Khmer: គ្រុឌ (krut)

→ Kannada: ಗರುಡ (garuḍa)

→ Malayalam: ഗരുഡൻ (garuḍaṉ)

desc

→ Manchu: ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ (garudai), ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ (gerudei)

→ Marathi: गरुड (garuḍ)

→ Mongolian: гарьд (garʹd)

→ Kapampangan: galura

Pali: garuḷa

→ Burmese: ဂဠုန် (ga.lun)

Punjabi: ਗਰੜ (garaṛ)

→ Shan: ၵႃလူၼ် (kǎa lǔun)

→ Tamil: கருடன் (karuṭaṉ)

→ Telugu: గరుడి (garuḍi)

→ Thai: ครุฑ (krút)

(Hinduism) Garuda, Mount of Vishnu, king of the Birds, son of Kashyapa and Vinata.


धर्म

dharma (romanization)
धर्म
धर्मा
धर्मां-
धर्माला
धर्मांना
धर्माने (ergative)
धर्मानं (ergative)
धर्मांनी (ergative)
धर्माशी (instrumental)
धर्मांशी (instrumental)
Locative Note: -त  is a postposition.
धर्माचा
धर्माचे
धर्माची
धर्माच्या
धर्माचं
धर्मांचा
धर्मांचे
धर्मांची
धर्मांच्या
धर्मांचं
धर्मांच्या

mr-decl-noun

masc cons-stem

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, to support”).

der

(Hinduism) virtue, righteousness; morality


धर्म

dhárma (romanization)
धर्मः (nominative singular)
धर्मौ (dual nominative)
धर्मा1 (dual nominative)
धर्माः (nominative plural)
धर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
धर्म (singular vocative)
धर्मौ (dual vocative)
धर्मा1 (dual vocative)
धर्माः (plural vocative)
धर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
धर्मम् (accusative singular)
धर्मौ (accusative dual)
धर्मा1 (accusative dual)
धर्मान् (accusative plural)
धर्मेण (instrumental singular)
धर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धर्मैः (instrumental plural)
धर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धर्माय (dative singular)
धर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
धर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
धर्मात् (ablative singular)
धर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धर्मस्य (genitive singular)
धर्मयोः (dual genitive)
धर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
धर्मे (locative singular)
धर्मयोः (dual locative)
धर्मेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: ধর্ম (dhormo)

→ Chinese: 達摩／达摩 (dámó)

→ Dhivehi: ދަރުމަ (daruma)

→ Dutch: dharma

→ English: dharma

→ Gujarati: ધર્મ (dharma)

→ Hindi: धर्म (dharm)

→ Indonesian: darma, derma

→ Irish: darma

→ Italian: dharma

→ Japanese: 達磨, ダルマ, ダーマ

→ Kannada: ಧರ್ಮ (dharma)

→ Khmer: ធម៌ (tʰoa)

→ Korean: 달마 (dalma)

→ Lao: ທຳ (tham)

→ Marathi: धर्म (dharma)

→ Malay: derma (درما)

→ Mongolian: дарма (darma)

→ Nepali: धर्म (dharma)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: dharma
> Javanese: ꦢꦂꦩ (darma) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬥᬃᬫ (darma, dharma)

Pali: dhamma
→ English: dhamma
→ French: dhamma
→ Burmese: ဓမ္မ (dhamma.)

→ Portuguese: darma

Punjabi: دَھرَم (dharam) / ਧਰਮ (dharam)

→ Tamil: தருமம் (tarumam)

→ Telugu: ధర్మము (dharmamu)

→ Thai: ธรรม (tam)

→ Tibetan: ལྷ་ཆོས (lha chos)

→ Tocharian B: agradharma

→ Vietnamese: đạt ma

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-mos, from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). Cognate with Latin firmus (“stable, strong”) (whence also English firm).


पृथ्वी

hi-proper noun

पृथ्वी • (pŕthvī) f

pŕthvī (romanization)
पृथ्वी (direct singular)
पृथ्वी (oblique singular)
पृथ्वी (singular vocative)

/pɾɪt̪ʰ.ʋiː/

Borrowed from Sanskrit पृथ्वी (pṛthvī́).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Prithvi, Mother Earth


पृथ्वी

pṛthvī́ (romanization)
पृथ्वी (nominative singular)
पृथ्व्यौ (dual nominative)
पृथ्वी1 (dual nominative)
पृथ्व्यः (nominative plural)
पृथ्वीः1 (nominative plural)
पृथ्वि (singular vocative)
पृथ्व्यौ (dual vocative)
पृथ्वी1 (dual vocative)
पृथ्व्यः (plural vocative)
पृथ्वीः1 (plural vocative)
पृथ्वीम् (accusative singular)
पृथ्व्यौ (accusative dual)
पृथ्वी1 (accusative dual)
पृथ्वीः (accusative plural)
पृथ्व्या (instrumental singular)
पृथ्वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृथ्वीभिः (instrumental plural)
पृथ्व्यै (dative singular)
पृथ्वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पृथ्वीभ्यः (dative plural)
पृथ्व्याः (ablative singular)
पृथ्व्यै2 (ablative singular)
पृथ्वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृथ्वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पृथ्व्याः (genitive singular)
पृथ्व्यै2 (genitive singular)
पृथ्व्योः (dual genitive)
पृथ्वीनाम् (genitive plural)
पृथ्व्याम् (locative singular)
पृथ्व्योः (dual locative)
पृथ्वीषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tHwíH, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥th₂-éwih₂ (“broad land, country”), from *pléth₂us (“flat, broad”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬡𐬍 (pər^əθβī), Proto-Celtic *ɸlitawī (whence Welsh Llydaw). Related to पृथु (pṛthú).

cog

Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬡𐬍 (pər^əθβī)


योनि

yoni (romanization)
یونی (Urdu)
योनि (direct singular)
योनियाँ (direct plural)
योनि (oblique singular)
योनियों (oblique plural)
योनि (singular vocative)
योनियो (plural vocative)


गण

gaṇá (romanization)
गणः (nominative singular)
गणौ (dual nominative)
गणा1 (dual nominative)
गणाः (nominative plural)
गणासः1 (nominative plural)
गण (singular vocative)
गणौ (dual vocative)
गणा1 (dual vocative)
गणाः (plural vocative)
गणासः1 (plural vocative)
गणम् (accusative singular)
गणौ (accusative dual)
गणा1 (accusative dual)
गणान् (accusative plural)
गणेन (instrumental singular)
गणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गणैः (instrumental plural)
गणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गणाय (dative singular)
गणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गणेभ्यः (dative plural)
गणात् (ablative singular)
गणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गणस्य (genitive singular)
गणयोः (dual genitive)
गणानाम् (genitive plural)
गणे (locative singular)
गणयोः (dual locative)
गणेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Torwali: گن (gan)

Pali: gaṇa
→ Burmese: ဂိုဏ်း (guin:)

→ Tamil: கணம் (kaṇam) (learned)

From the root गण् (gaṇ, “to calculate, count”) + -अ (-a)

sa-root

(Hinduism) troops or classes of inferior deities (especially certain troops of demi-gods considered as Shiva's attendants and under the special superintendence of the god Ganesha)


क्रिया

kriyā́ (romanization)
क्रिया (nominative singular)
क्रिये (dual nominative)
क्रियाः (nominative plural)
क्रिये (singular vocative)
क्रिये (dual vocative)
क्रियाः (plural vocative)
क्रियाम् (accusative singular)
क्रिये (accusative dual)
क्रियाः (accusative plural)
क्रियया (instrumental singular)
क्रिया1 (instrumental singular)
क्रियाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्रियाभिः (instrumental plural)
क्रियायै (dative singular)
क्रियाभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्रियाभ्यः (dative plural)
क्रियायाः (ablative singular)
क्रियायै2 (ablative singular)
क्रियाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्रियाभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्रियायाः (genitive singular)
क्रियायै2 (genitive singular)
क्रिययोः (dual genitive)
क्रियाणाम् (genitive plural)
क्रियायाम् (locative singular)
क्रिययोः (dual locative)
क्रियासु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: ক্ৰিয়া (kria)

→ English: Kriya, kriya

→ Burmese: ကြိယာ (kri.ya)

→ Hindi: क्रिया (kriyā)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦿꦶꦪ (kriya)

→ Khmer: កិរិយា (keriyaa)

→ Marathi: क्रिया (kriyā)

→ Nepali: क्रिया (kriyā)

→ Punjabi: ਕਿਰਿਆ (kiriā)

→ Sinhalese: ක්රියාව (kriyāwa)

→ Tamil: கிரியை (kiriyai)

→ Telugu: క్రియ (kriya)

→ Thai: กริยา (grì-yaa)

→ Urdu: کریا (kryā)

Compound of क्रिय् (kriy) + आ (ā), in which क्रिय् (kriy) is a Back-formation from क्रियते (kriyate), passive of कृ (kṛ).

(Hinduism) Kriyā, (personified as a daughter of Daksha and wife of Dharma; or as a daughter of Kardama and wife of Kratu)


काम

kām (romanization)
کام (Urdu)
काम (direct singular)
काम (direct plural)
काम (oblique singular)
कामों (oblique plural)
काम (singular vocative)
कामो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit काम (kāma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ma.


काम

kāma (romanization)
कामः (nominative singular)
कामौ (dual nominative)
कामा1 (dual nominative)
कामाः (nominative plural)
कामासः1 (nominative plural)
काम (singular vocative)
कामौ (dual vocative)
कामा1 (dual vocative)
कामाः (plural vocative)
कामासः1 (plural vocative)
कामम् (accusative singular)
कामौ (accusative dual)
कामा1 (accusative dual)
कामान् (accusative plural)
कामेन (instrumental singular)
कामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कामैः (instrumental plural)
कामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कामाय (dative singular)
कामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कामेभ्यः (dative plural)
कामात् (ablative singular)
कामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कामस्य (genitive singular)
कामयोः (dual genitive)
कामानाम् (genitive plural)
कामे (locative singular)
कामयोः (dual locative)
कामेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”). Cognate to Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬨𐬀 (kāma, “desire”), Persian کام (kâm, “desire”). Wider cognates include Latin cārus, whence French cher and English charity, and English whore.


antinational

Calling Tamil Nadu a “shelter” for anti-nationals, BJP national president J P Nadda said the state administration and the DMK were giving shelter to people working against the interests of the nation.

2020 August 25, Shanmughasundaram J, “Tamil Nadu is shelter for anti-nationals, says J P Nadda”, in Times of India:

(Indian politics, Hindutva, derogatory, accusatory) One who is opposed to India, usually suggesting pro-Pakistan or leftist associations, hostility against the Hindu religion, or opposition to Hindu nationalism.


اندر

ur-proper noun

اِنْدْر • (indr) m (Hindi spelling इंद्र)

اِنْدْر (canonical)
indr (romanization)
इंद्र (Hindi)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इन्द्र (indra). Compare Punjabi اندر (iṇdar), Kalasha اِن (in), Kamkata-viri ایںدر (ī˜drʻ), and Prasuni اِندر (indr).

lbor

(Hinduism, Vedic religion) Indra (king of the deities and god of rain and thunder)

a male given name, Indar or Indra, from Sanskrit, of Sikh and Hindu usage


गीता

gītā (romanization)
گیتا (Urdu)
गीता (direct singular)
गीताएँ (direct plural)
गीता (oblique singular)
गीताओं (oblique plural)
गीता (singular vocative)
गीताओ (plural vocative)


阿修羅

ja-noun

阿(あ)修(しゅ)羅(ら) or 阿(あ)修(す)羅(ら) or 阿修羅(アスラ) • (ashura or asura)

阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
ashura (romanization)
asura (romanization)

From Chinese 阿修羅／阿修罗 (āxiūluó), from Sanskrit असुर (asura).

ja:アスラ ja:阿修羅


Lakshmi

From Sanskrit लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī, “mark, sign”).

The Hindu goddess of wealth, the consort of Vishnu and married to Rama (in her incarnation as Sita) and Krishna (as Radha and Rukmini).


Lakshmi

(Hinduism) Lakshmi (Hindu goddess of wealth)


Dhanalaxmi

On the following day, the woman-folk worship Goddess Dhanalaxmi for prosperity.

1980, T. Vedantam, J. K. Barthakur, Census of India, 1971: Series 2: Andhra Pradesh, India Office of the Registrar General, page 138:

2004, http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov112004/deep2.asp
Goddess Dhanalaxmi is propitiated on the Amavasya night in Hindu homes. Goddess Laxmi is said to have emerged from the ocean during the 'samudra manthan'. Her birth is celebrated with pujas, illuminations and crackers and festivity in every Hindu home.

(Hinduism) A Hindu goddess, one of the eight forms of Laxmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, fortune and prosperity.


شکتی

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शक्ति (śakti)

lbor

a female given name, Shakti, from Sanskrit, of Hindu usage.


maharishi

From Sanskrit महर्षि (maharṣi, “great seer”) from महा (mahā, “great”) + ऋषि (ṛṣi, “saint, seer”).

His lineage of teachers and masters included several famous maharishis.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 66:


குருகுலம்

/ɡʊɾ̪ʊkʊl̪əm/


filmi

(India, music) Music written especially for Bollywood films.


Festival of Lights

From the importance of candles or light during the celebrations.

2000, Meenal Pandya, Here Comes Diwali: The Festival of Lights:

Invite a practicing Hindu from your community to speak about the Festival of Lights.

2001, Elizabeth A. Raum., Every Day a Holiday:

2008, Dianne M. MacMillan, Diwali: Hindu Festival of Lights:


karman

karman (nominative singular)
karmana (genitive singular)
karmanu (genitive singular)
karmanowi (dative singular)
karman (accusative singular)
karmanem (instrumental singular)
karmanie (locative singular)
karmanie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karma.

(Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism) karma (total effect of a person's actions and conduct during the successive phases of their existence)


toolkit

The culture of Ice Age humanity expresses a steady growth in the complexity of the tool kit, and a steady growth in complexity of artistic development.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 119:

A set of tools kept together, especially comprising all the tools suitable for some particular type of work.

My hope is that this book will familiarize readers with tools for analyzing historical and contemporary mechanisms of social differentiation, ethnoracial division, and symbolic structural inequality. My belief is that boundary theory offers the very best tool kit for this kind of work.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 7:

Prior to the Great Recession, active management of the long-bond portfolio was not a major feature of most central banks' toolkits, Japan being one notable exception.

2023, Eric Sims, Jing Cynthia Wu, and Ji Zhang, The Four-Equation New Keynesian Model, The Review of Economics and Statistics 105(4), pp. 931--947

(by extension) A set of personal abilities, skills, or resources to draw on.

Morgan Computing Co.'s Disk Toolkit is the perfect program for speed demons who want a more flexible way to wield DEBUG's power.

1986, PC Mag, volume 5, number 17, page 221:

(computing) A set of software tools or components.

(India, politics) A set of guidelines or instructions.

(India, politics, derogatory) Instructions to organise a protest.


Radha

(Hinduism) Hindu goddess of love and devotion, Grand Consort of god Krishna, Avatar of Lakshmi.

A female given name from Sanskrit used in India.


Shamsher Jang

From the Hindi शमशेर जंग (śamśer jaṅg, “sword of war”), from Classical Persian شمشیر جنگ (šamšēr jang). It was part of the full title of the Maharaja of Travancore.

uder

(Hinduism) A Hindu princely title, Sword of War.


अश्वमेध

aśvamedh (romanization)
अश्वमेध (direct singular)
अश्वमेध (direct plural)
अश्वमेध (oblique singular)
अश्वमेधों (oblique plural)
अश्वमेध (singular vocative)
अश्वमेधो (plural vocative)

/əʃ.ʋə.meːd̪ʱ/

[ɐʃ.ʋɐ.meːd̪ʱ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit अश्वमेध (aśvamedha).

bor+

(Hinduism) horse sacrifice, the Ashvamedha ritual


अश्वमेध

aśvamedhá (romanization)
अश्वमेधः (nominative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधाः (nominative plural)
अश्वमेधासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वमेध (singular vocative)
अश्वमेधौ (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधाः (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधम् (accusative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधान् (accusative plural)
अश्वमेधेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वमेधैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधाय (dative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वमेधात् (ablative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वमेधस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वमेधानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वमेधे (locative singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual locative)
अश्वमेधेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)

→ Telugu: అశ్వమేధము (aśvamēdhamu)

→ Tocharian B: aśvamet

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ́/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐˈmeː.d̪ʱɐ/

/ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐˈmeː.d̪ʱɐ/

An oxytonic tatpurusa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”). Possible cognate with Gaulish Epomeduos (“name of a festival and a deity”).


आज्ञा

ājñā (romanization)
آجنا (Urdu)
आज्ञा (direct singular)
आज्ञाएँ (direct plural)
आज्ञा (oblique singular)
आज्ञाओं (oblique plural)
आज्ञा (singular vocative)
आज्ञाओ (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit आज्ञा (ājñā, “order, command, authority”).

आज्ञा चक्र

third eye, chakra at the eyebrow junction.

आज्ञाकारिता

आज्ञाकारी (ājñākārī)

(Hinduism, Sikhism) an order or commandment of a spiritual master or guru to a disciple


sloka meter

(poetry, Hinduism) A Sanskrit meter consisting of two lines of sixteen syllables each.


jodi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *yewg-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *yugtós
Sanskrit युक्त (yukta)
Prakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)
Prakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)
Prakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa)
Hindi जोड़ी (joṛī)bor.
English jodi
Borrowed from Hindi जोड़ी (joṛī) or Marathi जोडी (joḍī); possibly through Bollywood.

etymon

Just over five years after coming together at the top of the Indian lineup, they already boast among the greatest-ever numbers for an opening partnership in the format. Shikhar Dhawan and Rohit Sharma, to many, in particular in India, are the ‘Jodi No. 1’ of the 2010s...

2019 January 30, “‘Jodi No. 1’: Dhawan’s Special Post for ‘Partner in Crime’ Rohit”, in The Quint:

For the last seven years, they have been projected as India’s political jodi number one.

2021 May 6, Rajdeep Sardesai, “A political and policy blow to the Centre”, in Hindustan Times :


धृतराष्ट्र

sa-prop

धृतराष्ट्र • (dhṛtarāṣṭra) stem, m

dhṛtarāṣṭra (romanization)
धृतराष्ट्रः (nominative singular)
धृतराष्ट्रौ (dual nominative)
धृतराष्ट्रा1 (dual nominative)
धृतराष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रासः1 (nominative plural)
धृतराष्ट्र (singular vocative)
धृतराष्ट्रौ (dual vocative)
धृतराष्ट्रा1 (dual vocative)
धृतराष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
धृतराष्ट्रासः1 (plural vocative)
धृतराष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
धृतराष्ट्रौ (accusative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रा1 (accusative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रान् (accusative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रेण (instrumental singular)
धृतराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धृतराष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
धृतराष्ट्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धृतराष्ट्राय (dative singular)
धृतराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
धृतराष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
धृतराष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
धृतराष्ट्राणाम् (genitive plural)
धृतराष्ट्रे (locative singular)
धृतराष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
धृतराष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)

/dʱr̩.tɐ.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ́/

/d̪ʱr̩.t̪ɐˈɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

Compound of धृत (dhṛtá, “held”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣtrá, “nation”).

com+

(Hinduism) King of Hastinapura, husband of Gandhari, and the father of the Kauravas.


UDF

United Democratic Front (Kerala)
w:United Democratic Front (Kerala)

(Indian politics) Initialism of United Democratic Front (Kerala)


BSP

Bahujan Samaj Party
w:Bahujan Samaj Party

(Indian politics) Initialism of Bahujan Samaj Party, a political party.


پرتھوی

ur-proper noun

پِرْتِھْوی or پْرِتْھْوی • (pirthivī or prithvī) f (Hindi spelling पृथ्वी)

پِرْتِھْوی (canonical)
پْرِتْھْوی (canonical)
pirthivī (romanization)
prithvī (romanization)
पृथ्वी (Hindi)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पृथ्वी (pṛthvī).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Prithvi, Mother Earth


yuga

From Sanskrit युग (yuga). Doublet of yoke.

To Biardeau the linear nature of the declining dharma and the cyclical nature of the yugas make an unhappy marriage, and she ultimately rejects the idea of a true correspondence or rapport between the appearance of Vișņu as avatāra and the yuga cycle.

1991, Deborah A. Soifer, The Myths of Narasimha and Vamana: Two Avatars in Cosmological Perspective, page 147:

There is, you will note, a pattern of decreased duration in the yugas. Moving from the Krta Yuga, the yuga closest to primordial perfection, each progressive yuga grows shorter and shorter, as chaos and decrepitude increase in prominence.

1998, Sean M. O'Shea, Meryl A. Walker, The Millennium Myth: The Ever-Ending Story, page 39:

To explain further, there are four ages or millenniums called yugas. The duration of Satya-yuga is 1,728,000 years. The duration of Treta-yuga is 1,296,000 years. The duration of Dvapara-yuga is 864,000 years. The duration of Kali-yuga, the present age, is 432,000 years, and began around 5,000 years ago. These four yugas make one cycle, and one thousand cycles equal one day of Brahma, after which there is a partial annihilation of the universe during Brahma's night. Lord Brahma lives for 100 years, 360 days in each year.

2005, Stephen Knapp, The Heart of Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment and Illumination, pages 386, 489:

(Hinduism) In Hindu theology, a period of a few hundred or thousand years, or an epoch or era within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga (or Krita Yuga), the Dvapara Yuga, the Treta Yuga and finally the Kali Yuga, with lengths ranging from 432,000 to 1,728,000 years.


yuga

> Javanese: ꦪꦸꦒ (yuga) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit युग (yuga, “brace; pair, couple, team; generation; a period or astronomical cycle; an age of the world”, literally “yoke”).

bor+

(Hinduism) yuga: In Hindu theology, a period of a few hundred or thousand years, or an epoch or era within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga (or Krita Yuga), the Dvapara Yuga, the Treta Yuga and finally the Kali Yuga, with lengths ranging from 432,000 to 1,728,000 years.


தருமராசா

ta-noun

தருமராசா • (tarumarācā)

tarumarācā (romanization)
தருமராசா (nominative singular)
தருமராசாவே (singular vocative)
தருமராசாவை (accusative singular)
தருமராசாவுக்கு (dative singular)
தருமராசாவுக்காக (benefactive singular)
தருமராசாவுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
தருமராசாவின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
தருமராசாவில் (locative locative-i singular)
தருமராசாவிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
தருமராசாவோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
தருமராசாவுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
தருமராசாவால் (instrumental singular)
தருமராசாவிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

/t̪ɐɾʊmɐɾaːt͡ɕaː/

[t̪ɐɾʊmɐɾaːsaː]

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्मराज (dharmarāja, from धर्म (dharma, “justice, religion, truth, donation, duty”) + राज (rāja, “king, emperor”)), doublet.


CPI

Communist Party of India
w:Communist Party of India

(Indian politics) Initialism of Communist Party of India, a political party.


مندر

ur-noun

مَنْدِر • (mandir) m (Hindi spelling मंदिर)

مَنْدِر (canonical)
mandir (romanization)
मंदिर (Hindi)
مندر (direct singular)
مندر (direct plural)
مندر (oblique singular)
مندروں (oblique plural)
مندر (singular vocative)
مندرو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मन्दिर (mandira).


अवतार

avtār (romanization)
اوتار (Urdu)
अवतार (direct singular)
अवतार (direct plural)
अवतार (oblique singular)
अवतारों (oblique plural)
अवतार (singular vocative)
अवतारो (plural vocative)

desctree

→ English: avatar, avatara (rare)
→ Japanese: アバター

→ French: avatar

Inherited from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra).

अवतार लेना

(Hinduism) an incarnation; incarnation of a deity, descent to the world


उमा

umā (romanization)
उमा (nominative singular)
उमे (dual nominative)
उमाः (nominative plural)
उमे (singular vocative)
उमे (dual vocative)
उमाः (plural vocative)
उमाम् (accusative singular)
उमे (accusative dual)
उमाः (accusative plural)
उमया (instrumental singular)
उमा1 (instrumental singular)
उमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उमाभिः (instrumental plural)
उमायै (dative singular)
उमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उमाभ्यः (dative plural)
उमायाः (ablative singular)
उमायै2 (ablative singular)
उमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उमाभ्यः (ablative plural)
उमायाः (genitive singular)
उमायै2 (genitive singular)
उमयोः (dual genitive)
उमानाम् (genitive plural)
उमायाम् (locative singular)
उमयोः (dual locative)
उमासु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: उमा (umā)

→ Telugu: ఉమ (uma)


jnana

en-noun

jnana (countable and uncountable, plural jnanas)

/dʒəˈnɑː.nə/

From Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”).

1969, Swami Rāmānandasarasvatī, The Hindu Ideal, Sri Ramananda Centenary Memorial Committee, page 291,
The dualists, Sri Vaishnavas in particular, seem to entertain a strong opinion that Bhakti alone is the cause of Moksha, and that Jnana is but a step towards Bhakti.

1986, The Vedanta Kesari, Ramakrishna Math, page 316,
The knower of Atman realizes Him by Jnana Yoga (the path of knowledge).

Jnana is a direct knowing of things as they really are.

2004, M. G. Chitkara, Vedic Religious Tradition, APH Publishing Corporation, page 375:

(Hinduism) The knowledge, acquired through meditation, that one's self (atman) is identical with Ultimate Reality (Brahman).


raita

From the Hindi idiom रायता फैलाना (rāytā phailānā), which means to "spill the raita" or "make a mess".

(India, derogatory, politics, online slang) A Hindu who does not support Hindutva, a liberal Hindu, especially (highly derogatory) as considered a traitor to India or race traitor towards Indians.


माया

māyā (romanization)
مایا (Urdu)
माया (direct singular)
मायाएँ (direct plural)
माया (oblique singular)
मायाओं (oblique plural)
माया (singular vocative)
मायाओ (plural vocative)

यह संसार माया है।

ईश्वर की माया अनंत है।


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (dual nominative)
मायाः (nominative plural)
माये (singular vocative)
माये (dual vocative)
मायाः (plural vocative)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
माये (accusative dual)
मायाः (accusative plural)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मायाभिः (instrumental plural)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मायाभ्यः (dative plural)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
माययोः (dual genitive)
मायानाम् (genitive plural)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माययोः (dual locative)
मायासु (locative plural)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬬᬵ

Pali: māyā

Indonesian: maya

Malay: maya

→ English: maya

→ Hindi: माया (māyā)

→ Lao: ມາຍາ (mā nyā)

→ Tamil: மாயை (māyai)

→ Thai: มายา (maa-yaa)

From मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”).

(Shaivism) one of the 4 pāśas (“snares”) which entangle the soul

(Vaishnavism) one of the 9 shaktis (“energies”) of Vishnu


kalpa

From Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, literally “formation”).

bor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A period of 4.32 billion years (1000 chatur-yugas or cycles of the four yugas).


गौर

gaur (romanization)
گور (Urdu)
गौर (direct singular)
गौर (oblique singular)
गौर (singular vocative)


गौर

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)

पार्वती पार्वती

(Hinduism) ‘brilliant Goddess’, शिव's wife पार्वती


گور

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit गौरि (gauri), variant of गौरी (gaurī).


तारा

tā́rā (romanization)
तारा (nominative singular)
तारे (dual nominative)
ताराः (nominative plural)
तारे (singular vocative)
तारे (dual vocative)
ताराः (plural vocative)
ताराम् (accusative singular)
तारे (accusative dual)
ताराः (accusative plural)
तारया (instrumental singular)
तारा1 (instrumental singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताराभिः (instrumental plural)
तारायै (dative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताराभ्यः (dative plural)
तारायाः (ablative singular)
तारायै2 (ablative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताराभ्यः (ablative plural)
तारायाः (genitive singular)
तारायै2 (genitive singular)
तारयोः (dual genitive)
ताराणाम् (genitive plural)
तारायाम् (locative singular)
तारयोः (dual locative)
तारासु (locative plural)

Pali: tārā, tārakā

desctree

→ Old Javanese: tāra
Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬭᬵ (tara)

→ Burmese: တာရာ (tara)

→ Tagalog: tala

→ Thai: ดารา (daa-raa)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (tārā), 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀸 (tārayā)

Apabhramsa: तारउ (tāraü) (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: താരം (tāraṁ)

→ Telugu: తార (tāra)

→ Tamil: தாரை (tārai)

Based on forms beginning with तार- (tāra-) of तृ (tṛ, “star”), a Vedic contraction of स्तृ (stṛ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭- (star-), Persian ستاره (setâre), Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) and Old English steorra (whence English star).

(Hinduism) Tara, second of the ten Mahavidyas


tantra

Ultimately from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra).

(Buddhism, Hinduism, countable) tantra (esoterical text)

(Buddhism, Hinduism, uncountable, chiefly in non-specialist usage) tantrism


tantra

tantra (nominative singular)
tantry (nominative plural)
tantry (genitive singular)
tantr (genitive plural)
tantrze (dative singular)
tantrom (dative plural)
tantrę (accusative singular)
tantry (accusative plural)
tantrą (instrumental singular)
tantrami (instrumental plural)
tantrze (locative singular)
tantrach (locative plural)
tantro (singular vocative)
tantry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tántram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tántram, from Proto-Indo-European *téntlom, from *ten- (“to stretch, extend”).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) tantra (Hindu or Buddhist religious text)


hinduismus

hinduismus (nominative singular)
hinduismy (nominative plural)
hinduismu (genitive singular)
hinduismů (genitive plural)
hinduismu (dative singular)
hinduismům (dative plural)
hinduismus (accusative singular)
hinduismy (accusative plural)
hinduisme (singular vocative)
hinduismy (plural vocative)
hinduismu (locative singular)
hinduismech (locative plural)
hinduismem (instrumental singular)
hinduismy (instrumental plural)


hinduista

cs-noun

hinduista m anim (female equivalent hinduistka, related adjective hinduistický)

hinduistka (feminine)
hinduistický (adjective)
hinduista (nominative singular)
hinduisté (nominative plural)
hinduisti (nominative plural)
hinduisty (genitive singular)
hinduistů (genitive plural)
hinduistovi (dative singular)
hinduistům (dative plural)
hinduistu (accusative singular)
hinduisty (accusative plural)
hinduisto (singular vocative)
hinduisté (plural vocative)
hinduisti (plural vocative)
hinduistovi (locative singular)
hinduistech (locative plural)
hinduistou (instrumental singular)
hinduisty (instrumental plural)

Internationalism; compare English Hinduist, French hindouiste, German Hinduist. By surface analysis, Classical Persian هِنْدُو (hindū) + -ista.

surf

fa-cls:هِنْدُو


hinduista

pl-noun

hinduista m pers (female equivalent hinduistka, related adjective hinduistyczny)

hinduistka (feminine)
hinduistyczny (adjective)
hinduista (nominative singular)
hinduiści (nominative plural)
hinduisty (derogatory nominative plural)
hinduisty (genitive singular)
hinduistów (genitive plural)
hinduiście (dative singular)
hinduistom (dative plural)
hinduistę (accusative singular)
hinduistów (accusative plural)
hinduistą (instrumental singular)
hinduistami (instrumental plural)
hinduiście (locative singular)
hinduistach (locative plural)
hinduisto (singular vocative)
hinduiści (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Hinduist, French hindouiste, German Hinduist. By surface analysis, hinduizm + -ista.


hinduista

es-adj

hinduista m or f (masculine and feminine plural hinduistas)


hinduista

es-noun

hinduista m or f by sense (plural hinduistas)


bramano

eo-head

bramano (accusative singular bramanon, plural bramanoj, accusative plural bramanojn)

bramanon (accusative singular)
bramanoj (plural)
bramanojn (accusative plural)


faquir

Borrowed from Arabic فَقِير (faqīr), via either English or French.

fakir (a Hindu acestic, especially one who performs physical feats)


arati

(Hinduism) arati; aarti (prayer ritual involving candles)


Purana

Borrowed from Sanskrit पुराण (purāṇá, literally “old, ancient”).

bor

(Hinduism) A text that is part of an ancient Indian genre of Hindu or Jain written literature, concerning various topics, including cosmogony and mythology.


sampradaya

Borrowed from Sanskrit सम्प्रदाय (sampradāya).

bor+

(Hinduism) Any of several Hindu sects or denominations


mudra

The Kechari Mudra is accomplished by thrusting the tongue into the gullet, by turning it over itself, and keeping the eyesight in the middle.

1915 [14th century], Pancham Sinh., Hatha Yoga Pradipika, translation of original by Swami Swatmarama:

(Hinduism) Any of the formal body positions and postures used in yoga and meditation.


mudra

head

mudra n (definite singular mudraet, indefinite plural mudraer, definite plural mudraene)

mudraet (definite singular)
mudraer (indefinite plural)
mudraene (definite plural)


sanskara

From Sanskrit संस्कार (saṃskāra, “impression”).

uder

(Hinduism) The imprints left on the mind by past experiences (often in past lives) that then condition future responses and behavior


لنگ

لِن٘گ (canonical)
liṅg (romanization)
लिंग (Hindi)
لِن٘گ (direct singular)
لِن٘گ (direct plural)
لِن٘گ (oblique singular)
لِن٘گوں (oblique plural)
لِن٘گ (singular vocative)
لِن٘گو (plural vocative)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀕 (liṃga), from Sanskrit लिङ्ग (liṅga).


atman

From Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul; self; ego; essence”). Doublet of edder (“blood vessel”) and cognate with Old English ǣþm (“breath”).

bor

However, we have been led beyond this to a threefold analysis which in its western version is body-soul-spirit and in its eastern version body-mind-atman.

1994, John Hick, Death and Eternal Life, page 450:

Atman is the manifestation of brahman in the human body. The central theme of the Upanishads is that in the liberated state the atman is identical with brahman.[…]The word atman is generally translated as soul, self or spirit. However, in view of the Western definition of the soul, atman and soul are not the same.[…]In the Western view, the soul is created by God. In the Hindu view, the atman, being eternal, is not created by God. It is a part of God.

2005, Bansi Pandit, Explore Hinduism, page 63:

The human being in Hindu thought comprises Atman (or Punisha) and Maya (or Prakriti). The Hindu doctrine of Atman concerns one's deepest identity.

2006, Donald Goergen, Fire of Love: Encountering the Holy Spirit, page 151:

The priests who were immersed in the ritual science of the Brahmanas began to speculate on the nature of the self, and gradually the word "atman" came to refer to the essential and eternal core of the human person, which made him or her unique.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 84:

The Brahmanic tradition that Buddhism is both connected to and a reaction against was, according to almost every scholar, over the top as regards atman. So, not only were individuals possessed of an immutable, indestructible atman. Some, perhaps many Brahmins were asserting that they were ATMAN.

2011, Owen Flanagan, The Bodhisattva's Brain: Buddhism Naturalized, page 124:

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Vedanta) The true self of an individual beyond identification with worldly phenomena, the essence of an individual, an infinitesimal part of Brahman.


atman

atman (nominative singular)
atmanu (genitive singular)
atmanowi (dative singular)
atman (accusative singular)
atmanem (instrumental singular)
atmanie (locative singular)
atmanie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Vedanta) atman


Macaulayism

From Macaulay + -ism, from the name of Thomas Babington Macaulay, who was instrumental in introducing English as a medium of instruction for higher education in India.

(India, derogatory) The act of westernization of upper class Indians using educational reform.


नारायण

hi-proper noun

नारायण • (nārāyaṇ) m

nārāyaṇ (romanization)
नारायण (direct singular)
नारायण (oblique singular)
नारायण (singular vocative)

/nɑː.ɾɑː.jəɳ/

[näː.ɾäː.jɐ̃ɳ]

हे नारायण

(Hinduism) Narayana, the god Vishnu; God


नारायण

nārāyaṇa (romanization)
नारायणः (nominative singular)
नारायणौ (dual nominative)
नारायणाः (nominative plural)
नारायण (singular vocative)
नारायणौ (dual vocative)
नारायणाः (plural vocative)
नारायणम् (accusative singular)
नारायणौ (accusative dual)
नारायणान् (accusative plural)
नारायणेन (instrumental singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारायणैः (instrumental plural)
नारायणाय (dative singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारायणेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारायणात् (ablative singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारायणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारायणस्य (genitive singular)
नारायणयोः (dual genitive)
नारायणानाम् (genitive plural)
नारायणे (locative singular)
नारायणयोः (dual locative)
नारायणेषु (locative plural)

Balinese: ᬦᬵᬭᬵᬬᬡ, Narayana

→ Bengali: নারায়ণ (naraẏon)

→ Gujarati: નારાયણ (nārāyaṇ)

→ Hindi: नारायण (nārāyaṇ)

→ Khmer: នារាយណ៍ (néaréayn៍)

→ Kannada: ನಾರಾಯಣ (nārāyaṇa)

→ Malayalam: നാരായണൻ (nārāyaṇaṉ)

→ Marathi: नारायण (nārāyaṇ)

→ Nepali: नारायण (nārāyaṇ)

→ Middle Chinese: 那羅延 (MC na la yen) (Possibly via Prakrit)

→ Japanese: 那羅延天 (Naraen-ten)

→ Nepali: नारायण (nārāyaṇ)

→ Odia: ନାରାୟଣ (nārāyaṇa)

desc

→ Sindhi: नाराइणु

→ Sindhi: नाराइणु / نارائِڻُ (nārāiṇu)

→ Punjabi: ਨਾਰੈਣ (nāraiṇ)

→ Sinhalese: නාරායන (nārāyana)

→ Tamil: நாராயணன் (nārāyaṇaṉ)

→ Tamil: நாராயணன் (nārāyaṇaṉ)

→ Telugu: నారాయణ (nārāyaṇa)

→ Thai: นารายณ์ (naa-raai)

/n̪ɑːˈɾɑː.jɐ.ɳɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of नर (nara, “man”) + अयन (ayana, “eternal”).

com

(Hinduism) an epithet of Vishnu and Krishna


bija

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The origin or cause of things.


bija

id-noun

bija (first-person possessive bijaku, second-person possessive bijamu, third-person possessive bijanya)

bijaku (first-person possessive)
bijamu (possessive second-person)
bijanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit बीज (bīja, “seed”). Doublet of biji.


Maitreya

Transliteration of Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya, “friendly, benevolent”).


Govinda

From Sanskrit गोविन्द (Govinda, “finder of cows”).


Ganga

Transliteration of Hindi गंगा (gaṅgā) or Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā). Doublet of Ganges.

The river Ganges, especially as a deity.


Srimati

From Sanskrit श्रीमत् (śrīmat, “beautiful, charming, lovely, pleasant, splendid, glorious”).


seva

Giving loving service to God and human beings is known as seva. According to Hindu scriptures it is the highest form of dharma. Some seva can produce good karma, which enables the atman to proceed towards moksha where it will be united with God. There are many ways Hindus can perform seva—for example, by worshipping regularly or by giving time and money to noble causes.

2002, Lynne Gibson, Hinduism, Heinemann, →ISBN, page 56:

(Hinduism, Sikhism) Selfless service that is performed without any expectation of reward for performing it.


upanayana

/uːpəˈnɑːjənə/

An Aryan boy had to undergo the upanayana that initiated him into the study of the Veda and the sacrificial procedure, or he would never be able to build a fully realized atman.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 83:

(Hinduism) An initiation ceremony undergone by Hindu boys over the age of seven belonging to the highest three castes, marking the start of their formal education.


Shani

(Hinduism) The Hindu god associated with the planet Saturn


Asura

Transliteration of Sanskrit असुर (asura). Doublet of Ahura. Compare English Æsir.

translit

(Hinduism) Power-seeking deities involved in constant conflict with the more benevolent Devas.


योग

yog (romanization)
योग (direct singular)
योग (direct plural)
योग (oblique singular)
योगों (oblique plural)
योग (singular vocative)
योगो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yóga), from युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

yoga (discipline aiming to train the consciousness)


सूत्र

hi-noun

सूत्र • (sūtra) m

sūtra (romanization)
सूत्र (direct singular)
सूत्र (direct plural)
सूत्र (oblique singular)
सूत्रों (oblique plural)
सूत्र (singular vocative)
सूत्रो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra). Doublet of सूत (sūt).


अर्जुन

arjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: Arjuna
Javanese: ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), ꦲꦼꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Herjuna)
→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬚᬸᬦ (Arjuna)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-nom (“white, shining; silver”). Cognate with Latin argentum (“silver”).

inh

(Hinduism) Arjuna, son of Pandu and Kunti, husband of Draupadi and Subhadra, and the father of Abhimanyu and Shrutakarma

a male given name commonly used in India


Vasuki

(Hinduism) The goddess of snakes in Hindu mythology.


Vayu

(Hinduism) The god of wind in Hindu and Vedic religion. A primary deity, father of Bhima and the spiritual father of Lord Hanuman.


Vayu

(Hinduism) Vayu (god of wind in Hinduism)


Mahabharata

/mə.ɦɑːˈbʱɑː.ɾə.t̪ə/

Transliteration of Sanskrit महाभारत (mahābhārata).

translit

(Hinduism, mythology) An ancient Sanskrit epic concerning some text of the Bhagavad Gita, including elaborations on theology and morality.


Balarama

Borrowed from Sanskrit बलराम (balarāma).

(Hinduism) Balarama, son of Vasudeva, and Rohini, brother of Subhadra, and Krishna, who uses a plough as his weapon.


हरि

(Hinduism) Hari: an epithet of Krishna, avatar of Vishnu


भीम

bhīma (romanization)
भीमः (nominative singular)
भीमौ (dual nominative)
भीमाः (nominative plural)
भीम (singular vocative)
भीमौ (dual vocative)
भीमाः (plural vocative)
भीमम् (accusative singular)
भीमौ (accusative dual)
भीमान् (accusative plural)
भीमेन (instrumental singular)
भीमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भीमैः (instrumental plural)
भीमाय (dative singular)
भीमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भीमेभ्यः (dative plural)
भीमात् (ablative singular)
भीमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भीमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भीमस्य (genitive singular)
भीमयोः (dual genitive)
भीमानाम् (genitive plural)
भीमे (locative singular)
भीमयोः (dual locative)
भीमेषु (locative plural)

desc

⇒ भीमता (bhīmtā)

Hindi: भीम (bhīm), ⇒ भीमता (bhīmtā)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bhīma
Javanese: ꦧꦶꦩ (bima), ꦨꦶꦩ (Bima)
→ Balinese: ᬪᬷᬫ (Bima)

→ Telugu: భీముడు (bhīmuḍu)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰih₂-mó-s, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to be afraid”). See भयते (bhayate) for cognates.

(Hinduism) Bhima, son of Pandu and Kunti, husband of Draupadi, and the father of Sutasoma.


जय

jayá (romanization)
जयः (nominative singular)
जयौ (dual nominative)
जया1 (dual nominative)
जयाः (nominative plural)
जयासः1 (nominative plural)
जय (singular vocative)
जयौ (dual vocative)
जया1 (dual vocative)
जयाः (plural vocative)
जयासः1 (plural vocative)
जयम् (accusative singular)
जयौ (accusative dual)
जया1 (accusative dual)
जयान् (accusative plural)
जयेन (instrumental singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयैः (instrumental plural)
जयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जयाय (dative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयेभ्यः (dative plural)
जयात् (ablative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयस्य (genitive singular)
जययोः (dual genitive)
जयानाम् (genitive plural)
जये (locative singular)
जययोः (dual locative)
जयेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: জয় (joẏ)

→ Chinese: 闍耶／阇耶

→ English: Jaya

Gujarati: જાય (jāya)

→ Hindi: जय (jay)

→ Kannada: ಜಯ (jaya)

→ Khmer: ជយោ (cĕəʼyoo)

→ Lao: ໄຊ (sai)

→ Lü: ᦺᦋ (tsay)

→ Madurese: jhâjâ

→ Malay: jaya

Indonesian: jaya

→ Malayalam: ജയാ (jayā)

Marathi: जय (jay)

Nepali: जय (jaya)

Odia: ଜୟ (jaya)

→ Old Javanese: jaya
Javanese: ꦗꦪ (jaya)
→ Balinese: ᬚᬬ (jaya)

Pali: jaya
→ Khmer: ជ័យ (cɨy)
→ Burmese: ဇေယျ (jeyya.)
→ Mon: ဇၞး
→ Thai: ชัย (chai), ชโย (chayo) ไชโย (chaiyo)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੈ (jai)

Shahmukhi script: جے (jay)

→ Tamil: ஜெயா (jeyā), ஜெய (jeya)

→ Telugu: జయ (jaya), జయము (jayamu)

From the root जि (ji, “to win”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to win, conquer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βῐ́ᾱ (bíā).


jiva

Borrowed from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Doublet of quick.

1886, Nandalal Dhole (translator), Mādhava [Mādhavācharya], A Hand Book of Hindu Pantheism: The Panchadasi, Heeralal Dhole, page 209,
Though in the Panchadasi, Vidyarana Swami mentions Jiva to be a reflection in the internal organ, and as that internal organ is not present in the profound slumbering condition, consequently, then, there should be no Jiva also; but as Prajna, almost ignorant—a form of Jiva—continues in dramless profound slumber, therefore what the Swami purports to mean is, the particle of ignorance modified or changed into the form of internal organ, and intelligence reflected therein is called Jiva, and that ignorance is never wanting in prfound slumber, consequently Prajna also is not wanting then.

Some followers of Vācaspati Miśra consider jīva to be limited by the inner sense organ. Being limited, jīva is in this case, distinct from the substratum consciousness of objects which is the all-pervasive consciousness sākṣī. According to this view, jīva is not the material cause of the universe either.

2006, Sanjukta Gupta, Advaita Vedanta and Vāiṣṇavism: The Philosophy of Madhusūdana Sarasvatī, Routledge, page 50:

(Jainism, Hinduism) All living beings; the essence or soul of such beings.


chamcha

Borrowed from Hindi चम्चा (camcā, “sycophant, hanger-on, lackey”, literally “spoon”).

bor

1989. Stuart Auerbach. Washington Post. (Mar. 26) “Nehru and His Nation”
M J Akbar has been called a chamcha to the Gandhi family, and some of that slavish devotion shows up in his uncritical acceptance of Nehru’s government-dominated economic program and the erosion of the country’s grass roots political structure as a result of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty.

Chamcha Sycophant (lit. ‘spoon’). 1997. Ghulam Nabi Azad. India Today (June 23) p. 13: I have my own standing in the party. I cannot be anybody’s chamcha (stooge).

1994. William Dalrymple City of Djinns: A Year in Delhi (Dec. 1) “Glossary” p. 340

1997. Sudhir Vaishnav. Times of India. (Aug. 24) “A very political exercise”
Several hangers-on. They are available aplenty everywhere in the country and are often known in the local market as Chamcha.

No doubt, the United Kingdom also had their sycophants—toadys, bachhas, jholichuks and hukkabardars—but chamchas of the modern vintage they had none. Chamchas are a breed apart.

1998 January 17, “In Praise of Chamchagiri”, in P.S. Sharma Times of India:

Leaders’ chamchas get lucky”: All three have pulled strings in their respective parties to get Assembly poll tickets for their puppets and close confidants, better known in political parlance as chamchas.

2004. Krishnakumar. Midday (Mumbai, India) (Sept. 21)

(India, colloquial) A sycophant and hanger-on or lackey.


amrita

From Sanskrit अमृत (amṛta, “immortal, immortality”). Compare also Ancient Greek ἀμβροσία (ambrosía, “ambrosia”).

cog

(Hinduism) The water of life; the drink of the Hindu gods.


amrita

amrita (nominative singular)
amrity (genitive singular)
amricie (dative singular)
amritę (accusative singular)
amritą (instrumental singular)
amricie (locative singular)
amrito (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अमृत (amṛta).


Kama Sutra

Little is known about the Kama Sutra’s author, Vatsyayana, who claimed to be a celibate monk who had compiled all of the accumulated sexual knowledge from several previous authors as a form of his own meditation and contemplation of the deity.

2018, Scott Christianson, Colin Salter, 100 Books that Changed the World, Batsford Books, →ISBN:

A Sanskrit treatise (sutra) setting forth rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure, love, and marriage in accordance with Hindu law.


श्रुति

hi-noun

श्रुति • (śruti) f

śruti (romanization)
श्रुति (direct singular)
श्रुतियाँ (direct plural)
श्रुति (oblique singular)
श्रुतियों (oblique plural)
श्रुति (singular vocative)
श्रुतियो (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-
Sanskrit श्रु (śru)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Sanskrit -ति (-ti)
Sanskrit श्रुति (śruti)bor.
Hindi श्रुति (śruti)Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रुति (śruti).

etymon

(Hinduism) shruti: sacred knowledge of the Vedas traditionally transmitted orally


maraz

(Hinduism) someone who performs a puja; a Hindu priest


Narayana

A male given name from Sanskrit used in India.


Agni

(Hinduism) A Hindu and Vedic deity of fire.


Agni

From Sanskrit अग्नि (agní, “fire”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hagníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagnís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís, from *h₁engʷ- (“to burn; fire”). Doublet of anggara.

(Hinduism) Agni, a Hindu and Vedic deity of fire.


ऋग्वेद

hi-proper noun

ऋग्वेद • (ŕgved) m (Urdu spelling رگوید)

ŕgved (romanization)
رگوید (Urdu)
ऋग्वेद (direct singular)
ऋग्वेद (oblique singular)
ऋग्वेद (singular vocative)

Rigveda (the oldest scripture in the Vedic religion)


ऋग्वेद

ṛgvéda (romanization)
ऋग्वेदः (nominative singular)
ऋग्वेदौ (dual nominative)
ऋग्वेदा1 (dual nominative)
ऋग्वेदाः (nominative plural)
ऋग्वेदासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋग्वेद (singular vocative)
ऋग्वेदौ (dual vocative)
ऋग्वेदा1 (dual vocative)
ऋग्वेदाः (plural vocative)
ऋग्वेदासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋग्वेदम् (accusative singular)
ऋग्वेदौ (accusative dual)
ऋग्वेदा1 (accusative dual)
ऋग्वेदान् (accusative plural)
ऋग्वेदेन (instrumental singular)
ऋग्वेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋग्वेदैः (instrumental plural)
ऋग्वेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋग्वेदाय (dative singular)
ऋग्वेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋग्वेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋग्वेदात् (ablative singular)
ऋग्वेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋग्वेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋग्वेदस्य (genitive singular)
ऋग्वेदयोः (dual genitive)
ऋग्वेदानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋग्वेदे (locative singular)
ऋग्वेदयोः (dual locative)
ऋग्वेदेषु (locative plural)

Pali: irubbeda

→ English: Rigveda

→ Hindi: ऋग्वेद (ŕgved)

→ Kannada: ಋಗ್ವೇದ (ṛgvēda)

desc

இருக்கு வேதம்

→ Tamil: இருக்கு வேதம் (irukku vētam)

/r̩ɡˈʋeː.d̪ɐ/

From ऋच् (ṛ́c, “praise”) + वेद (véda, “knowledge”).

af

(Hinduism) Rigveda, first of the four Vedas.


भग

bhága (romanization)
भगः (nominative singular)
भगौ (dual nominative)
भगा1 (dual nominative)
भगाः (nominative plural)
भगासः1 (nominative plural)
भग (singular vocative)
भगौ (dual vocative)
भगा1 (dual vocative)
भगाः (plural vocative)
भगासः1 (plural vocative)
भगम् (accusative singular)
भगौ (accusative dual)
भगा1 (accusative dual)
भगान् (accusative plural)
भगेन (instrumental singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भगैः (instrumental plural)
भगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भगाय (dative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भगेभ्यः (dative plural)
भगात् (ablative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भगस्य (genitive singular)
भगयोः (dual genitive)
भगानाम् (genitive plural)
भगे (locative singular)
भगयोः (dual locative)
भगेषु (locative plural)

→ English: Bhaga

→ Hindi: भग (bhag)

Pali: bhaga

→ Tamil: பகன் (pakaṉ)

→ Telugu: భగము (bhagamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás
Sanskrit भग (bhaga)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa, “god”) Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (baga, “god”). Compare also Proto-Slavic *bogъ, an Iranian borrowing. The Sanskrit root is भज् (bhaj).

etymon

तान्पूर्व॑या नि॒विदा॑ हूमहे व॒यं भगं॑ मि॒त्रमदि॑तिं॒ दक्ष॑म॒स्रिध॑म्।
अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं॒ सोम॑म॒श्विना॒ सर॑स्वती नः सु॒भगा॒ मय॑स्करत्॥
tā́npū́rvayā nivídā hūmahe vayáṃ bhágaṃ mitrámáditiṃ dákṣamasrídham.
aryamáṇaṃ váruṇaṃ sómamaśvínā sárasvatī naḥ subhágā máyaskarat.

We invoke them with an ancient text, Bhaga, Mitra, Aditi, Dakṣa, Asridh, Aryaman, Varuṇa, Soma, the Aśvins; and may the gracious Sarasvatī grant us happiness.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Bhaga, one of the Adityas, a god of wealth and marriage in Hinduism. In the Rigveda Bhaga is the god who supervises the distribution of goods and destiny to each man corresponding to his merits.


वेद

ved (romanization)
वेद (direct singular)
वेद (direct plural)
वेद (oblique singular)
वेदों (oblique plural)
वेद (singular vocative)
वेदो (plural vocative)

(Hinduism) the Veda (the holy works of Hinduism)


punia

From Sanskrit पुण्य (puṇya, “good or right, virtue, purity, good work, meritorious act, moral or religious merit”).


chacra

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्र (cakrá, “wheel, circle, point”). Doublet of ciclo.

bor+

(Hinduism, Ayurveda) chakra (spiritual energy nexus)


श्री

head

श्री • (śrī) f

mr-proper noun

श्री • (śrī) f

Inherited from Old Marathi श्री (śrī), from Sanskrit श्री (śrī).


Nyepi

A Hindu Balinese day of silence, fasting, and meditation that falls on Bali's Lunar New Year.


Nyepi

Reconstructed as meng- + sepi, from Balinese ᬜᭂᬧᬶ (nyepi, “to be quiet”). Doublet of mênyêpi. Cognate of Javanese ꦚꦼꦥꦶ (nyepi, “to be desolate”).

(Hinduism) Nyepi: A Hindu Balinese day of silence, fasting and meditation that falls on Bali's Lunar New Year.


लक्ष्मी

hi-proper noun

लक्ष्मी • (lakṣmī) f (Urdu spelling لکشمی)

lakṣmī (romanization)
لکشمی (Urdu)
लक्ष्मी (direct singular)
लक्ष्मी (oblique singular)
लक्ष्मी (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī).


लक्ष्मी

head

लक्ष्मी • (lakṣmī) f

mr-proper noun

लक्ष्मी • (lakṣmī) f


लक्ष्मी

ne-proper noun

लक्ष्मी • (lakṣmī)

lakṣmī (romanization)
लक्ष्मी [lʌksmi] (nominative singular)
लक्ष्मीलाई [lʌksmiläi] (accusative singular)
instrumental (accusative)
ergative (accusative)
लक्ष्मीले [lʌksmile] (singular)
लक्ष्मीलाई [lʌksmiläi] (dative singular)
लक्ष्मीबाट [lʌksmibäʈʌ] (ablative singular)
लक्ष्मीको [lʌksmiko] (genitive singular)
लक्ष्मीमा [lʌksmimä] (locative singular)


लक्ष्मी

lakṣmī́ (romanization)
लक्ष्मी (nominative singular)
लक्ष्मीः (nominative singular)
लक्ष्म्यौ (dual nominative)
लक्ष्म्या (dual nominative)
लक्ष्म्यः (nominative plural)
लक्ष्मि (singular vocative)
लक्ष्म्यौ (dual vocative)
लक्ष्म्या (dual vocative)
लक्ष्म्यः (plural vocative)
लक्ष्मीम् (accusative singular)
लक्ष्म्यम् (accusative singular)
लक्ष्म्यौ (accusative dual)
लक्ष्म्या (accusative dual)
लक्ष्मीः (accusative plural)
लक्ष्म्यः (accusative plural)
लक्ष्म्या (instrumental singular)
लक्ष्मीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लक्ष्मीभिः (instrumental plural)
लक्ष्म्यै (dative singular)
लक्ष्म्ये (dative singular)
लक्ष्मीभ्याम् (dative dual)
लक्ष्मीभ्यः (dative plural)
लक्ष्म्याः (ablative singular)
लक्ष्म्यः (ablative singular)
लक्ष्मीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लक्ष्मीभ्यः (ablative plural)
लक्ष्म्याः (genitive singular)
लक्ष्म्यः (genitive singular)
लक्ष्म्योः (dual genitive)
लक्ष्मीणाम् (genitive plural)
लक्ष्म्याम् (locative singular)
लक्ष्म्यि (locative singular)
लक्ष्म्योः (dual locative)
लक्ष्मीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-ī

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्मीम्, लक्ष्म्यम्

लक्ष्म्यै, लक्ष्म्ये

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याम्, लक्ष्म्यि

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीः, लक्ष्म्यः

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of लक्ष्मी

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीम्, लक्ष्म्यम्

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्यै, लक्ष्म्ये

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याम्, लक्ष्म्यि

sa-decl-noun/cell

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीम्, लक्ष्म्यम्

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्यै, लक्ष्म्ये

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याम्, लक्ष्म्यि

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 (lacchī)
Old Gujarati: लाछि (lāchi)
Gujarati: લાછ (lāch)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: लाछ (lāch), लाछी (lāchī)
Mahajani script: 𑅮𑅚 (lch), 𑅮𑅚𑅑 (lchi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī)

Urdu: لکشمی (lakṣmī)

→ Kannada: ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ (lakṣmi)

→ Khmer: លក្ស្មី (lĕəksməy)

→ Malayalam: ലക്ഷ്മി (lakṣmi)

→ Malay: laksmi

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ (lakśamī)

Shahmukhi script: لکشمی (lakṣmī)

→ Tamil: லட்சுமி (laṭcumi)

→ Telugu: లక్ష్మి (lakṣmi)


szútra

szútrák (plural)
szútra (nominative singular)
szútrák (nominative plural)
szútrát (accusative singular)
szútrákat (accusative plural)
szútrának (dative singular)
szútráknak (dative plural)
szútrával (instrumental singular)
szútrákkal (instrumental plural)
szútráért (causal-final singular)
szútrákért (causal-final plural)
szútrává (singular translative)
szútrákká (plural translative)
szútráig (singular terminative)
szútrákig (plural terminative)
szútraként (essive-formal singular)
szútrákként (essive-formal plural)
szútrában (inessive singular)
szútrákban (inessive plural)
szútrán (singular superessive)
szútrákon (plural superessive)
szútránál (adessive singular)
szútráknál (adessive plural)
szútrába (illative singular)
szútrákba (illative plural)
szútrára (singular sublative)
szútrákra (plural sublative)
szútrához (allative singular)
szútrákhoz (allative plural)
szútrából (elative singular)
szútrákból (elative plural)
szútráról (delative singular)
szútrákról (delative plural)
szútrától (ablative singular)
szútráktól (ablative plural)
szútráé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
szútráké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
szútráéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
szútrákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
szútrám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
szútráim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
szútrád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
szútráid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
szútrája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
szútrái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
szútránk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
szútráink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
szútrátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
szútráitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
szútrájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
szútráik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”).

uder

(Buddhism, Hinduism) sutra (a scriptural narrative, especially a discourse of the Buddha)


buddhi

(Hinduism) A transpersonal faculty of mind higher than the rational mind that might be translated as ‘intuitive intelligence’ or simply ‘higher mind’. It is ‘that which knows’, ie. able to discern truth from falsehood.


Sarasvati

The Hindu goddess of knowledge and the arts.

A female given name from Sanskrit used in India.


Parvati

(Hinduism) A Hindu goddess, the goddess of love, devotion and power; nominally the second consort of Shiva, the Hindu god of destruction and rejuvenation.


Mara

From Sanskrit मर (mara), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). Doublet of mortality.

(Hinduism) The Hindu god of death; opposite of Kama.


Indra

Transliteration of Sanskrit इन्द्र (índra).

translit

(Hinduism, Vedic religion) The god of war and weather; also the King of the Gods or Devas and Lord of Heaven or Svargaloka in Hinduism.


Indra

From Sanskrit इन्द्र (indra). Doublet of indra.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (Indra)

sl

(Hinduism) Indra: The god of war and weather; also the King of the Gods or Devas and Lord of Heaven or Svargaloka in Hinduism.


Indra

(Hinduism) Indra (Hindu god of war and weather)


वरुण

varuṇ (romanization)
वरुण (direct singular)
वरुण (oblique singular)
वरुण (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa).

lbor

Varuna (Hindu deity associated with water)


वरुण

váruṇa (romanization)
वरुणः (nominative singular)
वरुणौ (dual nominative)
वरुणा1 (dual nominative)
वरुणाः (nominative plural)
वरुणासः1 (nominative plural)
वरुण (singular vocative)
वरुणौ (dual vocative)
वरुणा1 (dual vocative)
वरुणाः (plural vocative)
वरुणासः1 (plural vocative)
वरुणम् (accusative singular)
वरुणौ (accusative dual)
वरुणा1 (accusative dual)
वरुणान् (accusative plural)
वरुणेन (instrumental singular)
वरुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वरुणैः (instrumental plural)
वरुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वरुणाय (dative singular)
वरुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वरुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
वरुणात् (ablative singular)
वरुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वरुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरुणस्य (genitive singular)
वरुणयोः (dual genitive)
वरुणानाम् (genitive plural)
वरुणे (locative singular)
वरुणयोः (dual locative)
वरुणेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwárunas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwárunas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wér-u-nos, from *h₁wer- (“broad”).

यच्चि॒द्धि ते॒ विशो॑ यथा॒ प्र दे॑व वरुण व्र॒तम्।
मि॒नी॒मसि॒ द्यवि॑द्यवि॥
yácciddhí te víśo yathā prá deva varuṇa vratám.
minīmási dyávidyavi.

In as much as all people commit errors, so do we, divine Varuṇa, daily disfigure your worship by imperfections.


पुराण

hi-proper noun

पुराण • (purāṇ) m

purāṇ (romanization)
पुराण (direct singular)
पुराण (direct plural)
पुराण (oblique singular)
पुराणों (oblique plural)
पुराण (singular vocative)
पुराणो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पुराण (purāṇa). Doublet of पुराना (purānā).

(Hinduism) Purana (one of several texts of an ancient genre of Hindu or Jain literature)


पार्वती

पार्वती • (pārvatī) f (Urdu spelling پاروتی)

/pɑːɾ.ʋə.t̪iː/

[päːɾ.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

Borrowed from Sanskrit पार्वती (pārvatī)


पार्वती

head

पार्वती • (pārvatī) f

mr-proper noun

पार्वती • (pārvatī) f


पार्वती

ne-proper noun

पार्वती • (pārvatī)


पार्वती

/ˈpɑːɾ.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

(Hinduism) Parvati, wife of Shiva, mother of Ganesha and Kartikeya.

a female given name commonly used in India


Vritra

(Hinduism) An Asura and also a serpent or dragon, the personification of drought and enemy of Indra. Vritra was also known in the Vedas as Ahi ("snake"), and he is said to have had three heads.


दान

dā́na (romanization)
दानम् (nominative singular)
दाने (dual nominative)
दानानि (nominative plural)
दाना1 (nominative plural)
दान (singular vocative)
दाने (dual vocative)
दानानि (plural vocative)
दाना1 (plural vocative)
दानम् (accusative singular)
दाने (accusative dual)
दानानि (accusative plural)
दाना1 (accusative plural)
दानेन (instrumental singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दानैः (instrumental plural)
दानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दानाय (dative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दानेभ्यः (dative plural)
दानात् (ablative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दानस्य (genitive singular)
दानयोः (dual genitive)
दानानाम् (genitive plural)
दाने (locative singular)
दानयोः (dual locative)
दानेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna) (Girnar)

Sylheti: ꠖꠣꠘ (dan)

Bengali: দান (dan)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna)

Old Gujarati: दाण (dāṇa)

Gujarati: દાણ (dāṇ)

Old Hindi: दान (dāna)

Braj: दान (dān)

Hindi: दान (dān)

Urdu: دان (dān)

desctree

Pali: dāna
→ Burmese: ဒါန (dana.)
→ Khmer: ទាន (tiən)
→ Lao: ທານ (thān)
→ Mon: ဒါန်
→ Thai: ทาน (taan)

Borrowings

→ Balinese: ᬤᬵᬦ (dana)

→ English: dana

→ Classical Malay: dana

Malay: dana
Indonesian: dana

→ Middle Chinese: 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na)

Chinese: 檀那 (tánnà)

Mandarin: 檀那 (tánnà)

→ Japanese: 旦那 (danna)

→ Old Javanese: dāna
> Javanese: ꦢꦤ (dana) (inherited)

→ Old Gujarati: दान (dāna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਨ (dān)/ دان (dān)

From Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom (“gift”), from *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognate with Latin dōnum (“gift”), Old Irish dán (“gift”).

तदेतत्त्रयँ शिक्षेद् दमं दानं दयामिति

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, 5.2.3 (c. 700 BC)

Learn three cardinal virtues - self restraint, charity and compassion for all life.

tadetattrayam̐ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti

(Buddhism, Hinduism) the practice of cultivating generosity; dana


वृत्र

vṛtrá (romanization)
वृत्रः (nominative singular)
वृत्रौ (dual nominative)
वृत्रा1 (dual nominative)
वृत्राः (nominative plural)
वृत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
वृत्र (singular vocative)
वृत्रौ (dual vocative)
वृत्रा1 (dual vocative)
वृत्राः (plural vocative)
वृत्रासः1 (plural vocative)
वृत्रम् (accusative singular)
वृत्रौ (accusative dual)
वृत्रा1 (accusative dual)
वृत्रान् (accusative plural)
वृत्रेण (instrumental singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृत्रैः (instrumental plural)
वृत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृत्राय (dative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृत्रात् (ablative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृत्रस्य (genitive singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual genitive)
वृत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वृत्रे (locative singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual locative)
वृत्रेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wr̥trás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥trás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀 (vər^əθra).

इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
प्रार्णां॑स्यैरयतं न॒दीना॒मा स॑मु॒द्राणि॑ पप्रथुः पु॒रूणि॑॥
índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
prā́rṇāṃsyairayataṃ nadī́nāmā́ samudrā́ṇi paprathuḥ purū́ṇi.

Indra and Soma, you slew Vṛtra; the obstructer of the water; for which the heaven venerates you both; you have urged on the waters of the rivers until they have replenished numerous oceans.


Bhaga

(Hinduism) One of the Adityas, a god of wealth and marriage in Hinduism. In the Rigveda Bhaga is the god who supervises the distribution of goods and destiny to each man corresponding to his merits.


Aditya

(Hinduism) Any of a group of solar deities, the sons of Aditi and Kashyapa.


Aditya

A male given name from Sanskrit mainly used in India and Nepal.


Aditya

From Javanese ꦄꦢꦶꦠꦾ (Aditya), from Old Javanese āditya, from Sanskrit आदित्य (ādityá).

(Hinduism) Aditya: Any of a group of solar deities, the sons of Aditi and Kashyapa.


Nataraja

From Sanskrit नटराज (naṭarāja), from नर्त (narta, “dancing”) + राजन् (rājan, “king”).

(Hinduism) The dancing posture of the Hindu god Shiva, who performs his divine dance as a part of his activities of creation and destruction.


Yama

Borrowed from Sanskrit यम (yamá). Doublet of Enma.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The Hindu lord of death, who rides a buffalo.

যম

the Hindu lord of death, who rides a buffalo


ब्राह्मण

hi-noun

ब्राह्मण • (brāhmaṇ) m (Urdu spelling بْراہْمَن)

brāhmaṇ (romanization)
بْراہْمَن (Urdu)
ब्राह्मण (direct singular)
ब्राह्मण (direct plural)
ब्राह्मण (oblique singular)
ब्राह्मणों (oblique plural)
ब्राह्मण (singular vocative)
ब्राह्मणो (plural vocative)

[bɾäːʱ.mɐ̃ɳ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa). Doublet of बाम्हन (bāmhan).

bor+

a Brahmin (member of the highest caste of Hinduism traditionally regarded as priests)


dhyana

en-noun

dhyana (countable and uncountable, plural dhyanas)

From Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, literally “meditation”). Doublet of Zen and Chan.

bor

Thus the Kaivalyopanisad accords equal importance to Sraddha (faith-regard), devotion (bhakti) and meditation (dhyana) for the attainment of the highest knowledge.

The beginning must be made with pathawi-kasina, and then the dhyánas, &c., must be taken alternately, as from the first dhyána to the third, then to ákásánancháyatana, and so on to the end.

1860, Robert Spence Hardy, Eastern monachism, page 262:

Each of the three planes may be experienced through developing the dhyānas in meditation - so here we have yet another way of describing higher states of consciousness.

1997, Meditation: The Buddhist Way of Tranquillity and Insight, page 86:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A type of profound meditation.


छन्दस्

chándas (romanization)
छन्दः (nominative singular)
छन्दसी (dual nominative)
छन्दांसि (nominative plural)
छन्दः (singular vocative)
छन्दसी (dual vocative)
छन्दांसि (plural vocative)
छन्दः (accusative singular)
छन्दसी (accusative dual)
छन्दांसि (accusative plural)
छन्दसा (instrumental singular)
छन्दोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छन्दोभिः (instrumental plural)
छन्दसे (dative singular)
छन्दोभ्याम् (dative dual)
छन्दोभ्यः (dative plural)
छन्दसः (ablative singular)
छन्दोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
छन्दोभ्यः (ablative plural)
छन्दसः (genitive singular)
छन्दसोः (dual genitive)
छन्दसाम् (genitive plural)
छन्दसि (locative singular)
छन्दसोः (dual locative)
छन्दःसु (locative plural)

/ˈt͡ɕʰɐn̪.d̪ɐs̪/

From the root छन्द् (chand), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱend-.

(Hinduism) a sacred hymn (of the Atharvaveda, as distinguished from those of Rigveda and Samaveda), incantation-hymn

(by extension) the sacred text of the Vedic hymns


shakha

From Sanskrit शाखा (śā́khā, “a branch; arm etc.”).

uder

It is held that the ancient Rishis or saints, like the Jewish patriarchs, lived far beyond the ordinary span of existence, and hence had time to learn all the Vedas and their commentaries. But this was impossible for their short-lived descendants, and hence each Veda has been divided into a number of Shākhas or branches, and the ordinary Brāhman only learns one Shākha of one Veda.

1916, R. V. Russell, The Tribes And Castes Of The Central Provinces Of India, page 360:

(Hinduism) Either a school of the Vedas, or the traditional texts followed by a school.


Ushas

From Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn”). Doublet of Aurora and Eos.

Of the goddesses there are only two who have any marked individuality, viz., Ushas, the dawn, and Sarasvati, the goddess of the river of that name, and afterwards the goddess of speech.

1999, Shyam Singh Shashi, Encyclopaedia Indica, page 16:

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Vedic and Hindu female deity, personifying the dawn, usually mentioned in plural. She is portrayed as welcoming birds and warding off evil spirits, and as a beautifully adorned young woman riding in a golden chariot on her path across the sky.


Dyaus Pita

From Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyauṣ-pitṛ). Doublet of Jupiter.

Thus in the early Vedas we find records of Dyaus-Pita, or “Father-Heaven,” accompanied by Prithvi or “Mother-Earth”; also Ushas or “Dawn-Goddess”; Surya, or the “Sun-God”; Vayu or the “Wind-God”; and Agni, the “Fire-god”.

1998, Yogi Ramacharaka Ramacharaka, The Philosophies and Religions of India, Kessinger Publishing, page 250:

(Hinduism) In the Vedic religion, the Sky Father, husband of Prithvi and father of Agni and Indra.


सोम

som (romanization)
सोम (direct singular)
सोम (direct plural)
सोम (oblique singular)
सोमों (oblique plural)
सोम (singular vocative)
सोमो (plural vocative)


हिमालय

himālaya (romanization)
हिमालयः (nominative singular)
हिमालय (singular vocative)
हिमालयम् (accusative singular)
हिमालयेन (instrumental singular)
हिमालयाय (dative singular)
हिमालयात् (ablative singular)
हिमालयस्य (genitive singular)
हिमालये (locative singular)

desc

→ Chinese: 喜馬拉雅／喜马拉雅

→ Chinese: 喜馬拉雅／喜马拉雅

→ Tamil: இமயம் (imayam)

→ Tibetan: ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ (hi ma la ya)

→ Assamese: হিমালয় (himaloy) (learned)

→ Bengali: হিমালয় (himaloẏ) (learned)

→ Gujarati: હિમાલય (himālya) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: हिमालय (himālay)

Urdu: ہمالے (himāle)

→ Malayalam: ഹിമാലയം (himālayaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: हिमालय (himālay) (learned)

→ Nepali: हिमालय (himālaya) (learned)

→ Odia: ହିମାଳୟ (himāḷaya) (learned)

→ Telugu: హిమాలయము (himālayamu) (learned)

desctree

→ Urdu: ہمالیہ (himāliya) (semi-learned)
→ Arabic: هِمَالِيَة (himāliya)

→ English: Himalaya, Himmaleh (learned)

⇒ English: Himalayas

→ German: Himalaja (learned)

Compound of हिम (hima, “snow, frost”) + आलय (ālaya, “house, dwelling”).

com+

(Hinduism, mythology) Himalaya, the personified range, husband of Menaka and father of Parvati (wife of Shiva) and Ganga (the personified Ganges)


ऋषि

ne-proper noun

ऋषि • (r̥ṣi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛ́ṣi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥šíš.

a male given name, equivalent to English Rishi


Ashvamedha

Borrowed from Sanskrit अश्वमेध (áśva-medhá, “horse-sacrifice”), an oxytonic tatpuruṣa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”).

bor

A peculiar verse in the Yajurvedic Ashvamedha tells us that in the sacrifices that were performed by the devas, Agni was the horse, and he conquered the earth (23/17). The idea of using the Ashvamedha horse for extending the rule to the neighbouring territories arose from this.

1996, Jayant Gadkari, Society and Religion: From Rugveda to Puranas, page 32:

(Hinduism) One of the most important Vedic sacrificial rituals related to kings, and name of the Rigvedic hymns 1.162-163 which deal with horse sacrifice.


Sapta Sindhu

From सप्त (sapta, “seven”) + सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream”). This expression in English incorporates a grammatical error: Sindhu is the nominative singular; used with "seven", the noun should, of course, be in the plural: Sindhava:/Sindhavas, सप्तसिंधव: (saptasiṃdhava:, “seven rivers”), which is the term used in Sanskrit.

The settlers in Sapta Sindhu composed the Rig Veda, the first of the Vedas, the ancient sacred writings of the Hindu religion.

2006, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, World and Its Peoples, page 316:

(Hinduism, India) The seven sacred rivers in Indian mythology, often referred to in Rigveda and in Zend Avesta. They are often located in the Punjab region in northwestern India / northern Pakistan.


मनु

manu (romanization)
मनु (direct singular)
मनु (oblique singular)
मनु (singular vocative)


jivanmukta

Borrowed from Sanskrit जीवन्मुक्ति (jīvanmukti, “emancipation while still alive”).

bor+

(Hinduism) A person who, in the Advaita philosophy of Hinduism, has attained nirvikalpa samadhi — the realization of the Self, Parasiva — and is liberated from rebirth while living in a human body.

(Hinduism) A liberated being (not necessarily paramukta).


सिन्धु

síndhu (romanization)
सिन्धुः (nominative singular)
सिन्धू (dual nominative)
सिन्धवः (nominative plural)
सिन्धो (singular vocative)
सिन्धू (dual vocative)
सिन्धवः (plural vocative)
सिन्धुम् (accusative singular)
सिन्धू (accusative dual)
सिन्धून् (accusative plural)
सिन्धुना (instrumental singular)
सिन्ध्वा1 (instrumental singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिन्धुभिः (instrumental plural)
सिन्धवे (dative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (dative plural)
सिन्धोः (ablative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिन्धोः (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual genitive)
सिन्धूनाम् (genitive plural)
सिन्धौ (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual locative)
सिन्धुषु (locative plural)
सिन्धुः (nominative singular)
सिन्धू (dual nominative)
सिन्धवः (nominative plural)
सिन्धो (singular vocative)
सिन्धू (dual vocative)
सिन्धवः (plural vocative)
सिन्धुम् (accusative singular)
सिन्धू (accusative dual)
सिन्धूः (accusative plural)
सिन्ध्वा (instrumental singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिन्धुभिः (instrumental plural)
सिन्धवे (dative singular)
सिन्ध्वै1 (dative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (dative plural)
सिन्धोः (ablative singular)
सिन्ध्वाः1 (ablative singular)
सिन्ध्वै2 (ablative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिन्धोः (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वाः1 (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वै2 (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual genitive)
सिन्धूनाम् (genitive plural)
सिन्धौ (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वाम्1 (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual locative)
सिन्धुषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: সিন্ধু (śindhu) (learned)

→ Burmese: သိန္ဓု (sindhu.) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: सिंधु (sindhu)

Urdu: سِنْدھ (sindh)

→ Telugu: సింధు (sindhu) (learned)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš, possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate. Alternatively, from सेधति (sédhati, “to go, move”), but that does not explain the voiced nasal.

inh+

तृ॒ष्टाम॑या प्रथ॒मं यात॑वे स॒जूः सु॒सर्त्वा॑ र॒सया॑ श्वे॒त्या त्या।
त्वं सि॑न्धो॒ कुभ॑या गोम॒तीं क्रुमुं॑ मेह॒त्न्वा स॒रथं॒ याभि॒रीय॑से॥
tṛṣṭā́mayā prathamáṃ yā́tave sajū́ḥ susártvā rasáyā śvetyā́ tyā́.
tváṃ sindho kúbhayā gomatī́ṃ krúmuṃ mehatnvā́ saráthaṃ yā́bhirī́yase.
You, Sindhu, in order to reach the swift-moving Gomatī, have united, yourself first with the Tṛṣṭāmā; (now be united) with the Susartu, the Rasā, the Śveti, the Kubha, and the Mehatnu, inconjunction with which streams you do advance.

(Vedic religion), the river Indus personified as a goddess.


गङ्गा

gaṅgā (romanization)
गङ्गा (nominative singular)
गङ्गे (dual nominative)
गङ्गाः (nominative plural)
गङ्गे (singular vocative)
गङ्गे (dual vocative)
गङ्गाः (plural vocative)
गङ्गाम् (accusative singular)
गङ्गे (accusative dual)
गङ्गाः (accusative plural)
गङ्गया (instrumental singular)
गङ्गा1 (instrumental singular)
गङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गङ्गाभिः (instrumental plural)
गङ्गायै (dative singular)
गङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गङ्गाभ्यः (dative plural)
गङ्गायाः (ablative singular)
गङ्गायै2 (ablative singular)
गङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गङ्गाभ्यः (ablative plural)
गङ्गायाः (genitive singular)
गङ्गायै2 (genitive singular)
गङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
गङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
गङ्गायाम् (locative singular)
गङ्गयोः (dual locative)
गङ्गासु (locative plural)

→ Ancient Greek: Γάγγης (Gángēs)

Greek: Γάγγης (Gángis)

→ Latin: Ganges

→ English: Ganges

→ Old English: Gandis

→ Old Irish: Gand

French: Gange

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṃgā)

Old Awadhi: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂏 (gām̐ga)

→ Assamese: গংগা (goṅga)

→ Bengali: গঙ্গা (goṅga)

→ Czech: Ganga

→ Dhivehi: ގަންގާ (gan̊gā)

→ Gujarati: ગંગા (gaṅgā)

→ Hindi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

→ Kannada: ಗಂಗಾ (gaṅgā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: গাঙ্গ (gaṅgo)

Assamese: গাং (gaṅ)

Bengali: গাং (gaṅ)

Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄋 (gaṅā)

Sylheti: ꠉꠣꠋ (gaṅ)

→ Malayalam: ഗംഗ (gaṅga)

→ Marathi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

→ Middle Chinese: 恆伽 (MC hong gja)

Chinese: 恆伽／恒伽 (Hénggā)

→ Japanese: 恒河 (こうが, kōga)

→ Korean: 항하 (hangha) (恒河)

→ Vietnamese: Hằng

→ Middle Persian:

Persian: گنگ (gang)

→ Arabic: الْغَانْج (al-ḡānj)

→ Turkish: Ganj

→ Old Javanese:

Javanese: ꦒꦁꦒ (gangga)

→ Old Tamil:

Tamil: கங்கை (kaṅkai)

→ Odia: ଗଙ୍ଗା (gaṅgā)

Pali: gaṅgā

→ Burmese: ဂင်္ဂါ (gangga)

→ Khmer: គង្គា (kŭəngkiə)

→ Lao: ກັງກາ (kang kā)

→ Thai: คงคา (kong-kaa)

→ Punjabi: ਗੰਗਾ (gaṅgā)

→ Sinhalese: ගංගා (gaṁgā)

→ Telugu: గంగ (gaṅga)

Probably from the root गम् (gam, “to go, move”), literally meaning "swift-goer". If a folk etymology, perhaps alternatively of substrate origin.

इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या।
अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒यार्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या॥
imáṃ me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śútudri stómaṃ sacatā páruṣṇyā́.
asiknyā́ marudvṛdhe vitástayā́rjīkīye śṛṇuhyā́ suṣómayā.

Accept this my praise, Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Sarasvatī, Śutudri, Paruṣṇi, Asiknī, Marudvṛdha and Vitastā; listen, Ārjikīya with Suṣomā.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) the Ganges river personified as the goddess, Ganga


सरस्वती

hi-proper noun

सरस्वती • (sarasvatī) f (Urdu spelling سرسوتی)

sarasvatī (romanization)
سرسوتی (Urdu)
सरस्वती (direct singular)
सरस्वती (oblique singular)
सरस्वती (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सरस्वती (sarasvatī). Doublet of सरसई (sarsaī) and सरसूती (sarsūtī).

dbt

(Hinduism) Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and speech

(geography) Sarasvati, a legendary river mentioned in the Rigveda


सरस्वती

sárasvatī (romanization)
सरस्वती (nominative singular)
सरस्वत्यौ (dual nominative)
सरस्वती1 (dual nominative)
सरस्वत्यः (nominative plural)
सरस्वतीः1 (nominative plural)
सरस्वति (singular vocative)
सरस्वत्यौ (dual vocative)
सरस्वती1 (dual vocative)
सरस्वत्यः (plural vocative)
सरस्वतीः1 (plural vocative)
सरस्वतीम् (accusative singular)
सरस्वत्यौ (accusative dual)
सरस्वती1 (accusative dual)
सरस्वतीः (accusative plural)
सरस्वत्या (instrumental singular)
सरस्वतीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सरस्वतीभिः (instrumental plural)
सरस्वत्यै (dative singular)
सरस्वतीभ्याम् (dative dual)
सरस्वतीभ्यः (dative plural)
सरस्वत्याः (ablative singular)
सरस्वत्यै2 (ablative singular)
सरस्वतीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सरस्वतीभ्यः (ablative plural)
सरस्वत्याः (genitive singular)
सरस्वत्यै2 (genitive singular)
सरस्वत्योः (dual genitive)
सरस्वतीनाम् (genitive plural)
सरस्वत्याम् (locative singular)
सरस्वत्योः (dual locative)
सरस्वतीषु (locative plural)

/s̪ɐˈɾɐs̪.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-European *sélos. Equivalent to सरस् (sáras, “pond”) + -वती (-vatī, “-ful”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (haraxvaⁱtī), a region described to be rich in rivers, Old Persian 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫 (h-r-u-v-t /harauvati/), the Helmand river system.

cog

(Hinduism) Saraswati, the goddess of eloquence and learning

name of a well-known small river (held very sacred by the Hindus; identified with the modern Sursooty)

शंकराचार्य शंकराचार्य#Sanskrit

name of one of the ten mendicant orders traced back to शंकराचार्य (śaṃkarācārya) (whose members add the word sarasvatī to their names)


राम

rām (romanization)
رام (Urdu)
राम (direct singular)
राम (oblique singular)
राम (singular vocative)

राम राम


राम

rāma (romanization)
रामः (nominative singular)
रामौ (dual nominative)
रामाः (nominative plural)
राम (singular vocative)
रामौ (dual vocative)
रामाः (plural vocative)
रामम् (accusative singular)
रामौ (accusative dual)
रामान् (accusative plural)
रामेण (instrumental singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रामैः (instrumental plural)
रामाय (dative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रामेभ्यः (dative plural)
रामात् (ablative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रामस्य (genitive singular)
रामयोः (dual genitive)
रामाणाम् (genitive plural)
रामे (locative singular)
रामयोः (dual locative)
रामेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: রাম (ram)

→ Burmese: ရာမ (rama.)

→ Chinese: 羅摩／罗摩 (Luómó)

→ Hindi: राम (rām)

→ Khmer: រាម (riəm)

→ Lao: ຣາມ (rām)

→ Malayalam: രാമൻ (rāmaṉ)

→ Marathi: राम (rām)

→ Nepali: राम (rām)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: rāma
Javanese: ꦫꦩ (rama)
→ Indonesian: rama, romo (semantic loan)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬵᬫ (rama)

→ Odia: ରାମ (rāma)

→ Punjabi: ਰਾਮ (rām)

→ Sinhalese: රාම (rāma)

→ Tamil: இராமர் (irāmar)

→ Telugu: రాముఁడు (rāmun̆ḍu)

→ Thai: ราม (raam)

Unknown; possibly related to Old English rōmig (“sooty”), presuming Proto-Indo-European *HreH-mó-s. Monier considers it to be a derivation from रम् (ram, “to enjoy; to stay”).

अद्य गच्छामहे राम सिद्धाश्रममनुत्तमम्।
तदाश्रमपदं तात तवाप्येतद्यथा मम॥
adya gacchāmahe rāma siddhāśramamanuttamam.
tadāśramapadaṃ tāta tavāpyetadyathā mama.

O child this asrama is the same to you as it is to me (treat this as your own).

O Rāma, now let's go to the unparalleled Siddhashrama.

(Hinduism) Rāma, son of Dasharatha and Kausalya, an avatar of Vishnu.


शिव

hi-proper noun

शिव • (śiv) m

śiv (romanization)
शिव (direct singular)
शिव (oblique singular)
शिव (singular vocative)

(Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)


शिव

śiva (romanization)
शिवः (nominative singular)
शिव (singular vocative)
शिवम् (accusative singular)
शिवेन (instrumental singular)
शिवाय (dative singular)
शिवात् (ablative singular)
शिवस्य (genitive singular)
शिवे (locative singular)

According to the Uṇādi-sūtra i, 153, from verbal root शी (śī, “to lie down”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-. Alternatively from श्वि (śvi, “to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-; compare शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”), सुशिश्वि (suśiśvi, “growing well”); cognate with Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).
An earlier deity, रुद्र (rudra, “Rudra”), was often described with the adjective शिव (śivá, “auspicious”). शिव-रुद्र (śiva-rudra) was eventually shortened to शिव (śiva) in later Sanskrit, the name of the deity worshipped today.

ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः।
जगाम शरणं देवो ब्रह्माणं परमेष्ठिनम॥
tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevoʼdhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ.

jagāma śaraṇaṃ devo brahmāṇaṃ parameṣṭhinama.

अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
यांति नैव तथा रुद्रः शिवे रुद्रो विलीयते ॥
anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam.
yāṃti naiva tathā rudraḥ śive rudro vilīyate.

Other beings and gods who are born get dissolved in due order but not so Rudra. Rudra gets merged in Śiva.


สมาธิ

Borrowed from Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi, “concentration of mind”). Compare Burmese သမာဓိ (sa.madhi.), Lao ສະມາທິ (sa mā thi).


อรุณ

th-proper noun

อรุณ • (à-run)

From Sanskrit अरुण (aruṇa, “red; ruddy; tawny”). Cognate with Khmer អរុណ (ʼaʼrun).

bor

พระ พระ#Thai

(Hinduism) (พระ~) Aruṇa, the charioteer of the sun god Surya who brings the sun out to the sky every morning.


อัคนี

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni, “fire”). Doublet of อัคคี (àk-kii). Ultimately cognates with English ignite.
Cognate with Lao ອັກຄະນີ (ʼak kha nī).

lbor

พระ พระ#Thai


จักร

th-noun

จักร • (jàk)

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्र (cakrá, “wheel”).


devadasi

From the Sanskrit देवदासी (devá-dāsī, “female servant of a deity”), from देव (devá, “deity, god”) and दासी (dāsī, “a female servant or slave”).

bor

It would be a century before the daughter of another devadasi mesmerized audiences around the world.

2017, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, page 372:

(Hinduism, historical) A girl who underwent the Hindu religious practice of being "married" to a deity. In addition to taking care of the temple, she learned and practiced Bharatanatyam and other classical Indian arts, and enjoyed high social status.


देवदासी

devá-dāsī (romanization)
देवदासी (nominative singular)
देवदास्यौ (dual nominative)
देवदास्यः (nominative plural)
देवदासि (singular vocative)
देवदास्यौ (dual vocative)
देवदास्यः (plural vocative)
देवदासीम् (accusative singular)
देवदास्यौ (accusative dual)
देवदासीः (accusative plural)
देवदास्या (instrumental singular)
देवदासीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवदासीभिः (instrumental plural)
देवदास्यै (dative singular)
देवदासीभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवदासीभ्यः (dative plural)
देवदास्याः (ablative singular)
देवदासीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवदासीभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवदास्याः (genitive singular)
देवदास्योः (dual genitive)
देवदासीनाम् (genitive plural)
देवदास्याम् (locative singular)
देवदास्योः (dual locative)
देवदासीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of देवदासी

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

Compound of देव (devá, “deity, god”) and दासी (dāsī, “a female servant or slave”).


ยมทูต

From Sanskrit यमदूत (yamadūta, “Yama's agent”). Compare Lao ຍົມມະທູດ (nyom ma thūt).

ยมบาล

underworld officer whose duty is to enforce judgments passed by the underworld court

(Buddhism, Hinduism) An underworld officer whose duty is to bring a dead person before the underworld court for trial.


พรหม

From Sanskrit ब्रह्म (brahma, “Brahma”).

พระ พระ#Thai

(Hinduism) (พระ~) Brahma, one of the supreme gods, the creator of the universe, often depicted with four heads and four arms and seen sitting on a lotus or riding on a swan.


Samkhya

From Sanskrit सांख्य (sāṃkhya, “enumerating, reckoning up”).

uder

(Hinduism) One of the six schools of classical Indian philosophy.