avatar

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Avatar (Hinduism)
Chip Morningstar
LucasArts
Neal Stephenson
Randy Farmer
Shadowrun
Snow Crash
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar
pen and paper

Attested 1784, borrowed from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root √तॄ (√tṝ, “to cross”).
In computing use, saw some use in 1980s videos games – 1985 online role-playing game Habitat by Lucasfilm Games (today LucasArts), by Chip Morningstar and Randy Farmer, later versions of the Ultima series (following religious use in 1985 Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar), and 1989 pen and paper role-playing game Shadowrun. Popularized by the 1992 novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson.

أَفَاتَار

digital representation of a person or being

(Hinduism) An incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu.

অৱতাৰ

earthly incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu


avatar

From Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तरति (√tṝ, “to cross”).


avatar

id-noun

avatar (first-person possessive avatarku, second-person possessive avatarmu, third-person possessive avatarnya)

avatarku (first-person possessive)
avatarmu (possessive second-person)
avatarnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English avatar, from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तरति (√tṝ, “to cross”). Doublet of awatara.

(Hinduism) the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu.


avatar

Borrowed from French avatar, from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). The computing sense comes from English.


avatar

avatar (indefinite nominative singular)
avataren (definite nominative singular)
avatarer (indefinite nominative plural)
avatarerna (definite nominative plural)
avatars (genitive indefinite singular)
avatarens (definite genitive singular)
avatarers (genitive indefinite plural)
avatarernas (definite genitive plural)


pie

From Hindi पाई (pāī, “quarter”), from Sanskrit पादिका (pādikā).

I gave him all the money in my possession, Rs.9.8.5. – nine rupees, eight annas, and five pie – for I always keep small change as bakshish when I am in camp.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes”, in The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Other Tales, Folio Society, published 2005, page 117:

(historical) The smallest unit of currency in South Asia, equivalent to ¹⁄₁₉₂ of a rupee or ¹⁄₁₂ of an anna.


om

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ओम् (om) (symbol ॐ (oṃ)). The former (om) is used in both Buddhist and Hindu settings, while the latter (aum) is usually used only in Jain and Hindu settings.

lbor

In fact it sounded exactly like the voice of Livia, her vanished sister, and, like her, it was intoning the Aum just as she used once to do at the beginning of her yoga sessions.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 800:

Om is pronounced "a-a-o-o-u-u-m-m" and is repeated slowly for as long as possible.

2001 October 20, Hazel Curry, The Guardian:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


om

From Sanskrit ओं (oṃ) or औं (auṃ) or ॐ (oṃ). Cognate with Balinese ᬒᬁ.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) om: a sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


受

Possibly a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 爪 (“hand”) + 凡 (“plate”) + 又 (“hand”) – to hand over.
凡 in the middle was corrupted into 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which acted as a phonetic component. Alternatively, the character may have always been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːs, *djuʔ): semantic 爪 (“hand”) + phonetic 舟 (OC *tjɯw, “boat”) + semantic 又 (“hand”). The
凡 or 舟 has been simplified to 冖 since the seal script.
; “bottom; uke”


想

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (想):
* → Vietnamese: tưởng (想)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaŋʔ): phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart, mind”) – to think, to consider.
From 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs, “to observe; appearance”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

少年袂曉想，食老毋成樣／少年袂晓想，食老毋成样

siàu-liân bē-hiáu siūⁿ, chia̍h-lāu m̄-chiâⁿ-iūⁿ


梵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bloms, *bum): semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) – lush. Originally a variant form of 芃 (OC *boːŋ, *bum).
As a word for transcribing Indic languages, the reading 梵 (MC bjomH) probably derives from Gandhari and transcribes the syllables such as bram̄(a), bra(m)m-, etc. (Bailey, 1946) in words like 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨸 (bram̄a, “Brahma”), 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa, “a brahmin”), and it appears in the classical Chinese lexicon in 梵天 (“Brahma, name of a deity”), 梵志 (“a person dedicated to religion”), 梵行 (“good, pure conduct”), etc. The sense for "Sanskrit" originally refers to its status as a religious language. In modern usage, it is also used to translate various terms in Hinduism, such as Brahman.

Han compound

(Hinduism) Brahman; the ultimate reality in the universe (concept in Hinduism)


NPR

National Population Register
w:National Population Register

(Indian politics) Initialism of National Population Register.


行

Characters in the same phonetic series (行) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.
Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 (chì) is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 (chù) finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.


dharma

en-noun

dharma (countable and uncountable, plural dharmas)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma, “that which upholds or supports”). The definitions pertaining to Buddhism are influenced by dhamma, a loan word from Pali. Doublet of dhamma and firm.

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.

(Hinduism) One's obligation in respect to one's position in society, or the universe; one's duty, societally or cosmically.

(Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as one's personal path to enlightenment.

(Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as a practice to be promulgated and taught.


dharma

(Hinduism, Buddhism) the natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.

(Hinduism) one's obligation in respect to one's position in society, or the universe; one's duty, societally or cosmically.


tapas

From Sanskrit तप् (tap, “heat; to be hot”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be warm or hot”). Related to tepid.

der

(Hinduism, Jainism) (The practice of) asceticism and self-discipline.

তপস

(the practice of) asceticism and self-discipline


varna

From Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa, “colour, tint, dye, pigment, appearance, aspect”), from verbal root वृणोति (vṛṇoti, “to choose, select”).

uder

(Hinduism) any of the four original castes in Hinduism, or the system of such castes


baba

As one of the first utterances many babies are able to say, baba (like mama, papa, and dada) has come to be used in many languages as a term for various family members:
* father: Albanian, Arabic, Western Armenian, Chinese, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Greek, Marathi, Mingrelian, Nepali, Persian, Swahili, Turkish, Yoruba, Shona, Zulu
* grandmother: many Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian, Russian, Czech and Polish), Romanian, Yiddish, Japanese
* grandfather: Azerbaijani, Zulu (father, grandfather)
* baby: Afrikaans, Sinhala, Hungarian
These terms often continue to be used by English speakers whose families came from one of these cultures. In some cases, they may become more widely used in localities that have been heavily influenced by an immigrant community. Some senses were extensions of one of these family terms in the original languages ("old woman" from "grandmother", "holy man" from "father"). The "cake" sense comes through French, from Polish baba (“old woman”). The Middle Eastern word baba (as in Ali Baba) is rather a term of endearment, and is ultimately derived from Persian بابا (bābā, “father”) (from Old Persian pāpa; as opposed to the Arabic words أَبُو (ʔabū) and أَب (ʔab); see also Papak), and is linguistically related to the common European word papa and the word pope, having the same Indo-European origin. The Chinese word "baba", meaning father comes from 爸爸.

While I was in Port Alberni, three babas came to Canada to raise money ...

1995, Hugh J.M. Johnston, Tara Singh Bains, The Four Quarters of the Night: The Life-Journey of an Emigrant Sikh:

But according to Ray, 'all the babas my uncle knew were genuine. None of them was exposed. They were fairly humble people, not show-offs like the Maharishi ...

2004, Andrew Robinson, Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker:

Most babas had little contact with written culture and are not therefore named in books and treatises.

2006, Suraiya Faroqhi, Subjects Of The Sultan: Culture And Daily Life In The Ottoman Empire:

(Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) A holy man, a spiritual leader.


baba

baba (nominative singular)
babowie (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
babów (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
babów (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
babowie (plural vocative)

(Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) baba (holy man, a spiritual leader)


panda

Borrowed from Hindi पंडा (paṇḍā) and Punjabi ਪਾਂਡਾ (pāṇḍā), both from Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “learned, wise; learned man, pundit, scholar, teacher; Hindu Brahmin who has memorized a substantial proportion of the Vedas”). Doublet of pundit.

der

There are therefore in this district no Varna or degraded Brahmans nor are those at all disgraced who officiate in any temple as Pandas.

1811–1812, Francis Buchanan, “Religion and Sects”, in J[ohn] F[rancis] W[illiam] J[ames], editor, An Account of the Districts of Bihar and Patna in 1811–1812 […], Patna, Bihar: Published by the Bihar and Orissa Research Society and printed by the Calcutta Oriental Press […], published [1926], →OCLC, book II (Of the People), section II (Of the Hindus), page 380:

PANDA: PUNDA. Hind[i] and Beng[ali]. The proprietary or presiding priest of a Hindoo temple of Siva usually though not invariably a Brahman. The office is hereditary, and in some places, as at Benares, the Panda officiates only on particular occasions, the duties of daily worship being performed by inferior priests or Pujaris in his employ. The term is also applied to a priest who is stationary at any particular place or shrine.

[1862, “PANDA: PUNDA”, in Edward Balfour, editor, The Second Supplement, with Index, to the Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, […], Madras, Tamil Nadu: Printed for the editor at the Athenæum Press, Adelphi Press and Union Press, by Messrs. Pharaoh and Co., Gantz Brothers, and Cookson and Co., →OCLC, page 83:

The pilgrims are required first to bathe in the Marnikarnika Kund (or tank) near the ghât of that name, taking with them flowers and uncooked rice. [...] [T]hey must make presents to the pandas, who are certain privileged hereditary Brahmins. Whilst the pilgrim is in the water, the pandas repeat some Sanscrit verses; [...]

1879, Mrs. J. C. Murray Aynsley [i.e., Harriet Georgiana Maria Murray Aynsley], chapter XI, in Our Visit to Hindostán, Kashmir, and Ladakh, London: W[illia]m H. Allen & Co., […] publishers to the India Office, →OCLC, page 155:

Whenever there is a death in the family, someone will go to Hardwar to immerse the ashes of the departed. There our family has its own panda, as these priests are called, who at his death is succeeded by his son. He maintains the family records in long, old-fashioned Indian ledgers, covered in red cloth, in which he writes down the length of the page. [...] When I first visited Hardwar I only had to say I was a Tandon from Gujrat, and from a crowd of pandas our priest came forward and reeled off our whole family tree for several generations.

1961, Prakash Tandon, chapter 1, in Punjabi Century: 1857–1947, London: Chatto and Windus, →OCLC; republished Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, 1973, →ISBN, page 9:

'The mafia-like activities' and 'growing internal competition' of the contemporary panda community are the consequence of an almost complete breakdown of the old configuration. Durable long-term relations between priests and their patrons have been replaced by 'the emergence of a totally impersonal religious market' [...], a controlled trickle of elite donors by a torrent of hoi polloi pilgrims, and the relationship between panda and pilgrim has been replaced by that between panda and agent as the pivot of the system.

1994, Jonathan P. Parry, “Shares and Chicanery”, in Death in Banaras (Lewis Henry Morgan Lectures; 1988), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, part II (Death as a Living), page 108:

Many a time, the temple received unkind ravishments from the non-Hindu attackers. [...] The frightened pandas of Puri considered Lord Jagannatha to be the living and loving god, the caretaker of their beings and their country. They had no other option but to hide the Lord from the clutches of the javanas. It is learnt from history and the contemporary literature that the pandas used to carry the Lord to distant hills and mountainous ranges.

1998, Salabega, “Where Do You Take My Lord”, in Niranjan Mohanty, transl., White Whispers: (Selected Poems of Salabega): Translated from the Oriya Original, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, →ISBN, page 50:

I may be man of commerce in your eyes, Miss—and in this age of evil, who is not?—but are you aware that eleven generations of my ancestors have been pandas at one of Nabadwip's most famous temples?

2009, Amitav Ghosh, Sea of Poppies, London: John Murray, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Picador, 2009, →ISBN, page 135:

As at most Hindu pilgrimage sites, Hardwar has a group of local brahmins who serve as hereditary pilgrim guides. The most respectful name for them is tirtha purohit (a tirtha "priest'), but the more common name is panda, a short form of pandita ("a learned man"). Pandas arrange for their clients' material and ritual needs, and they also officiate at certain life-cycle ceremonies (samskaras). In return, their clients give them fees and gifts.

2010, James G. Lochtefeld, “The Hardwar Pandas”, in God’s Gateway: Identity and Meaning in a Hindu Pilgrimage Place, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 124:

Trouble broke out at Kalighat temple on Monday morning after police barred pandas from near the sanctum sanctorum. Angry pandas, some armed with sticks, allegedly assaulted members of the temple committee. [...] Temple sources said the cop crackdown was a knee-jerk reaction to a complaint filed by an NRI [non-resident Indian] woman on Sunday against the pandas.

2010 March 9, Rith Basu, “Panda-monium at Kalighat temple”, in The Telegraph, Kolkata, West Bengal: ABP Pvt. Ltd., →OCLC:

(Hinduism) A brahmin who acts as the hereditary superintendent of a particular ghat or temple, and is regarded as knowledgeable in matters of genealogy and ritual.


Sinhala

Borrowed from Sinhalese සිංහල (siṁhala), itself borrowed from Sanskrit सिंहल (siṃhala, literally “lionlike”), from सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) + -ल (-la), recorded as the name of the island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from about the 10th to 12th century, but presumably older, as it is also the source of the name Ceylon in western geographic tradition.
The name is sometimes glossed as "abode of lions", referring to a supposed former abundance of lions on the island ( The Asiatic Journal 20 (1836), p. 30). Doublet of Ceylon and Elu.


Sinhala

(Mahabharata) The kingdom in the island of Sri Lanka mentioned in the Mahabharata.


vehicle

Borrowed from French véhicule, from Latin vehiculum (“a carriage, conveyance”), from vehere (“to carry”).

uder

(Hinduism) An animal or (rarely) a plant on which a Hindu deity rides or sits.

वाहन

Hinduism: animal or plant on which a Hindu deity sits


papa

From Sanskrit पाप (pāpa, “bad, evil, low”).


yang

id-noun

yang (plural yang-yang, first-person possessive yangku, second-person possessive yangmu, third-person possessive yangnya)

yang-yang (plural)
yangku (first-person possessive)
yangmu (possessive second-person)
yangnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay yang, from Proto-Malayic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.

(Hinduism) hyang: An unseen spirit with supernatural powers, in ancient Indonesian mythology.


سنت

سَنْت (canonical)
sant (romanization)
संत (Hindi)


reincarnation

en-noun

reincarnation (countable and uncountable, plural reincarnations)

/ˌɹiːɪŋkɑː(ɹ)ˈneɪʃən/

a reincarnation of an old video game


deva

Transliteration of Sanskrit देव (deva, “deity, god”). Doublet of daeva.

translit

A god in Vedic mythology, Hinduism and Buddhism.


deva

(Hinduism, Buddhism) deva, a Hindu or Buddhist deity


नाम

nām (romanization)
نام (Urdu)
नाम (direct singular)
नाम (direct plural)
नाम (oblique singular)
नामों (oblique plural)
नाम (singular vocative)
नामो (plural vocative)

From Sanskrit नाम (nā́ma). Also influenced by Classical Persian نام (nām). Cognate of English name.


aarti

en-noun

aarti (countable and uncountable, plural aartis)

Borrowed from Hindi आरती (ārtī), from Sanskrit आरात्रिक (ārātrika).

The kings of Mewar always visited the Brindabani Temple, did arati, touched the Blue One's feet, ate prasad, and distributed largesse amongst the subjects of Chittor on Janmashtami.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 165:

(Hinduism) A particular Hindu prayer ritual, involving candles made from clarified butter.


pundit

Borrowed from Hindi पंडित (paṇḍit) / Urdu پنڈت (panḍit), from Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “scholar, learned man, teacher, philosopher”). Doublet of pandit.

bor

Pundits in black gowns, with spectacles on their noses and undigested wisdom in their insides; bearded headmen of the wards; [...] all these people and more also you might find in the white room.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, ‘On the City Wall’, In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, page 430:

A learned person in India; someone with knowledge of Sanskrit, philosophy, religion and law; a Hindu scholar.


lingam

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit लिङ्गम् (liṅgam, nominative singular of लिङ्ग (liṅga, “sign, mark”)).

lbor

nominative singular of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">लिङ्ग</i> (liṅga, “sign, mark”)

Then we have the very numerous lingams (conventional representations of the male organ) to be seen, scores and scores of them, in the arcades and cloisters of the Hindu Temples - to which women of all classes, especially those who wish to become mothers, resort, anointing them copiously with oil, and signalizing their respect and devotion to them in a very practical way.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 182:

(Shaivism) The aniconic phallic representation traditionally worshipped as a symbol of or in connection with Shiva.


anna

From Hindi अन्न (ann, “food, grain”), आना (ānā), from Sanskrit अन्न (anna).

A unit of currency in former British India equal to 12 pies or ¹⁄₁₆ rupee.


kama

The place of kāma or the pursuit of love and pleasure in the balanced Hindu scheme of life derives from the importance attached to the life of the married householder (grhastha).

1958, V. Raghavan, “Chapter XII: Kāma, The Third End of Man”, in Stephen N Hay, William Theodore De Bary, editors, Sources of Indian Tradition, volume 2, page 258:

Ancient Indian thought divides the principal aims of human existence into dharma (religion, morality, social obligations), artha (economics, politics, power), and kāma (erotic pleasure, sexual interaction, sexual gratification).

2006, “Indian Erotology”, in Alan Soble, editor, Sex from Plato to Paglia: A Philosophical Encyclopedia, Volume 1: A-L, page 493:

(Hinduism) The act or process of wishing; longing, desire (with or without sexual connotations); one of the goals of life in Hindu tradition.


kama

kȃma (canonical masculine)
ка̑ма (Cyrillic)
kama (nominative singular)
kame (nominative plural)
kame (genitive singular)
kama (genitive plural)
kami (dative singular)
kamama (dative plural)
kamu (accusative singular)
kame (accusative plural)
kamo (singular vocative)
kame (plural vocative)
kami (locative singular)
kamama (locative plural)
kamom (instrumental singular)
kamama (instrumental plural)

(Hinduism) one of the four main goals of the material existence


veda

vedaen (definite singular)
vedaer (indefinite plural)
vedaar (indefinite plural)
vedaene (definite plural)
vedaane (definite plural)

Borrowing from English Veda, in turn a borrowing from Sanskrit वेद (veda) and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see", hence figuratively "to know" or "recognize”).


dewa

dewa (nominative singular)
dewowie (nominative plural)
dewy (genitive singular)
dewów (genitive plural)
dewie (dative singular)
dewom (dative plural)
dewę (accusative singular)
dewów (accusative plural)
dewą (instrumental singular)
dewami (instrumental plural)
karatece (locative singular)
dewach (locative plural)
dewo (singular vocative)
dewowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).

lbor

Coordinate term: asura

(Hinduism) deva (one of the benevolent deities involved in constant conflict with the more power-seeking Asuras)


Ravana

(Hinduism) The king of the asuras, ruler of Lanka and killed by Rama in Ramayana.


Hanuman

A Hindu demi-god who was a devotee of Lord Rama. He was born to Anjana and Vayu, plays the role of a god’s servant in Ramayana, and is also known as the "monkey god". He represents loyalty to the Lord and Master.


prana

en-noun

prana (countable and uncountable, plural pranas)

From Sanskrit प्राण (prāṇa, “breath; life”).

He it is who sends the (in-coming) Prana (life-breath) upward and throws the (out-going) breath downward.

1919, Swami Paramananda, transl., The Upanishads:

He who knows Aditi, who rises with Prana (the Life Principle), existent in all the Devas.

May my limbs, speech, Prana (life-force), sight, hearing, strength and all my senses, gain in vigor.

(Hinduism, yoga) Respiration, breathing, seen as a life principle or life force.


prana

prana (nominative singular)
prany (genitive singular)
pranie (dative singular)
pranę (accusative singular)
praną (instrumental singular)
pranie (locative singular)
prano (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्राण (prāṇa).


आसन

āsan (romanization)
آسَن (Urdu)
आसन (direct singular)
आसन (direct plural)
आसन (oblique singular)
आसनों (oblique plural)
आसन (singular vocative)
आसनो (plural vocative)

(Hinduism) a small carpet or deer-skin on which Hindus sit during prayer


caste

Borrowed from Portuguese or Spanish casta (“lineage, breed, race”), of uncertain origin.
* The OED derives it from Portuguese casto (“chaste”), from Latin castus (“chaste"; "chastity”).
* Coromines (1987) argues instead for a hypothetical Gothic form *𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*kasts, “group, collection of animals”), cognate with English cast, from Proto-Germanic *kastuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ǵ-es-.

unc

uncertain

Pakistan is a conservative, religious state. The Edhi Foundation is unusual in its ignoring of caste, creed, religion and sect. This strict stance has led to some criticism from religious groups.

2017 April 6, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, in the Guardian:

Any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies or similar found historically in other cultures.


ॐ

om or aum: the sacred syllable and mantra in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism


ॐ

the sacred syllable and mantra in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism


mantra

Borrowed from Sanskrit मन्त्र (mantra, literally “instrument of thought”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mántram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mántram, from Proto-Indo-European *mén-tro-m, from *men- (“to think”). Doublet of mind.

bor

This mantra is also known as Guru Mantra or Savitri Mantra. The mention of Gayatri Mantra is found in all the four Vedas where its essence has been explained repeatedly. The Rig Veda, the oldest of the Vedic scriptures, has mentioned about […]

2001, Gautam Chatterjee, Sacred Hindu Symbols, Abhinav Publications, →ISBN, page 36:

(Hinduism) The hymn portions of the Vedas; any passage of these used as a prayer.

However, the five-syllable mantra is unique, for according to Kukai, it unleashes the power of emptiness already impregnated in each letter as a primeval episode of the Dharmakaya's cosmic meditation in which he created all sorts of mantras […]

1999, Ryûichi Abé, The Weaving of Mantra: Kûkai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 300:

(originally Hinduism) A phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation.

真言

a phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation


mantra

mantra (nominative singular)
mantry (nominative plural)
mantry (genitive singular)
mantr (genitive plural)
mantrze (dative singular)
mantrom (dative plural)
mantrę (accusative singular)
mantry (accusative plural)
mantrą (instrumental singular)
mantrami (instrumental plural)
mantrze (locative singular)
mantrach (locative plural)
mantro (singular vocative)
mantry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मन्त्र (mantra, literally “instrument of thought”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mántram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mántram, from Proto-Indo-European *mén-tro-m, from *men- (“to think”).

bor+

(Hinduism) mantra (phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation)


mantra

(Hinduism) mantra (a phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation)


mantra

mȁntra (canonical feminine)
ма̏нтра (Cyrillic)


mantra

mantra (a phrase repeated during meditation)


guru

From Hindi गुरु (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy" and in this sense cognate to English grieve and, more distantly, brute. Doublet of grave. A traditional, though flawed etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as “darkness” and ru as “destroyer”, thus ascribing the meaning of “one who destroys/dispels darkness” to the word.

der

When the gooroo arrives at the house of a disciple, the whole family prostrate themselves at his feet, and the spiritual guide puts his right foot on the heads of the prostrate family.

1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, volume II:

The Baiga magicians derive from the old guru who succeeded Nanga Baiga. There is very great confusion about the original guru, and how he was actually related to Nanga Baiga, but there is general agreement that there were originally four great Baiga guru—Daugun, Nindhan, Danantar and Madhakawar, all four brothers.

1939, Verrier Elwin, “The Magician and His Control of the Natural World”, in The Baiga, London: John Murray, […], section II (The Magician’s Heritage), page 342:

These guru, third, were responsible for insuring that the populace would not be tempted to support heterodox world renouncers and their counter-patrimonial ideas. In contrast to the pre-classical Brahmin scholars, who serviced only their own and certain ruler and elite religion-social interests, the guru were the patronal guides of the masses, offering prebendal control of the deities through charismatic but morally expounded magic and psychological compensation as personal confessors, in return for popular willingness to conform to the dharmic rules, as interpreted by guru to be sure.

1989, Norman Jacobs, “The Classical Indian Society”, in Patrimonial Interpretation of Indian Society: Contemporary Structure and Historical Foundations, Delhi: Chanakya Publications, →ISBN, page 66:

Many of the deities and beliefs recorded by the guru are in fact unknown to the common people, and some represent the esoteric knowledge of only a few guru.

1994, Simon Rae, “Kiniteken Si Pemena: The Original Belief”, in Breath Becomes the Wind: Old and New in Karo Religion, Dunedin: University of Otago Press, →ISBN, part I (The Karo World), page 19:

Traditionally, a guru is a spiritual teacher who guides a student on the road to Enlightenment, or finding God.

2010 May 10, “Madonna is my guru”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-24:

In Indian traditions: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya.


guru

From Hindi गुरु (guru) / Urdu گرو (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”).


guru

guruk (plural)
guru (nominative singular)
guruk (nominative plural)
gurut (accusative singular)
gurukat (accusative plural)
gurunak (dative singular)
guruknak (dative plural)
guruval (instrumental singular)
gurukkal (instrumental plural)
guruért (causal-final singular)
gurukért (causal-final plural)
guruvá (singular translative)
gurukká (plural translative)
guruig (singular terminative)
gurukig (plural terminative)
guruként (essive-formal singular)
gurukként (essive-formal plural)
guruban (inessive singular)
gurukban (inessive plural)
gurun (singular superessive)
gurukon (plural superessive)
gurunál (adessive singular)
guruknál (adessive plural)
guruba (illative singular)
gurukba (illative plural)
gurura (singular sublative)
gurukra (plural sublative)
guruhoz (allative singular)
gurukhoz (allative plural)
guruból (elative singular)
gurukból (elative plural)
gururól (delative singular)
gurukról (delative plural)
gurutól (ablative singular)
guruktól (ablative plural)
gurué (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
guruké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
guruéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
gurukéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
gurum (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
guruim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
gurud (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
guruid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
guruja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
gurui (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
gurunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
guruink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
gurutok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
guruitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
gurujuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
guruik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Hindi गुरु (guru), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “heavy”).

guru (a Hindu or Sikh spiritual teacher)


guru

Borrowed from Hindi गुरू (gurū) / Urdu گرو (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (gurú), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”).


guru

From Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy", from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Doublet of bruto.


guru

guru (indefinite nominative singular)
gurun (definite nominative singular)
gurur (indefinite nominative plural)
guruer (indefinite nominative plural)
gurus (indefinite nominative plural)
gururna (definite nominative plural)
guruernas (definite nominative plural)
gurus (genitive indefinite singular)
guruns (definite genitive singular)
gururs (genitive indefinite plural)
guruers (genitive indefinite plural)
gurus (genitive indefinite plural)
gururnas (definite genitive plural)
guruernas (definite genitive plural)

From Hindi गुरू (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “heavy”).


Satnami

From Sat (truth) + Nami (named by follower), "follower of truth".


swami

Borrowed from Hindi स्वामी (svāmī), from Sanskrit स्वामिन् (svāmín).

(often used as a title) A Hindu ascetic or religious teacher.


soma

Transliteration of Sanskrit सोम (soma). Doublet of haoma.

Once he had drunk the intoxicating soma, he experienced an ascent to the gods without having to die a violent death, as in the old ritual.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 82:

(Vedic religion) A ritual drink in ancient Vedic culture, obtained by pressing the Soma plant.


soma

soma (nominative singular)
somy (genitive singular)
somie (dative singular)
somę (accusative singular)
somą (instrumental singular)
somie (locative singular)
somo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सोम (soma).

lbor

(Vedic religion) soma (ritual drink in ancient Vedic and continuing Hindu culture)


mohur

(historical) A gold coin of British India, worth from twelve to fifteen rupees.


Varuna

(Hinduism) A god of the sky, of rain and of the celestial ocean, as well as a god of law and of the underworld.

(astronomy) A Kuiper belt object, once thought to be possibly a dwarf planet.


Krishna

en-prop

Krishna (countable and uncountable, plural Krishnas)

(Hinduism) A deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism.


Krishna

(Hinduism) Krishna (a supreme Hindu deity)


Hinduism

en-proper noun

Hinduism (countable and uncountable, plural Hinduisms)

Mordin: Wheel of life. Popular salarian concept. Similar to human Hinduism in focus on reincarnation.
Mordin: Appealing to see life as endless. Fix mistakes in next life. Learn, adapt, improve.
Mordin: Refuse to believe life ends here. Too wasteful. Have much more to offer. Mistakes to fix. Cannot end here. Could do so much more.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Tuchanka:

A religion, philosophy and culture native to India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation and a supreme oneness personified in many forms and natures.


sulla

Borrowed from Punjabi ਸੁੱਲ (sulla), a mispronunciation of Punjabi ਮੁੱਲਾ (mullā, “mullah, Islamic religious leader”), derived from Classical Persian ملا (mullā), from Arabic مُلَّا (mullā).

der

(South Asia, religious slur, ethnic slur) A Muslim man; especially one from Pakistan.


householder

From Middle English housholdere, equivalent to household + -er. The Buddhist sense is a semantic loan from Pali gahapati (literally “house-master”).

semantic loan

(Buddhism, Hinduism) A layperson, lay devotee, gahapati, grihastha.


स्वस्तिक

hi-noun

स्वस्तिक • (svastik) m (Urdu spelling سوستک)

svastik (romanization)
سوستک (Urdu)
स्वस्तिक (direct singular)
स्वस्तिक (direct plural)
स्वस्तिक (oblique singular)
स्वस्तिकों (oblique plural)
स्वस्तिक (singular vocative)
स्वस्तिको (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika, “a lucky or auspicious object”). By surface analysis, सु- (su-) + अस्ति (asti) + -क (-ka). Doublet of सथिया (sathiyā).


स्वस्तिक

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika, “a lucky or auspicious object”).


gi

id-noun

gi (first-person possessive giku, second-person possessive gimu, third-person possessive ginya)

giku (first-person possessive)
gimu (possessive second-person)
ginya (possessive third-person)

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


chakra

/ˈt͡ʃɑː.kɹə/

Transliteration of Sanskrit चक्र (cakra, “wheel, circle, point”). Doublet of chakram, charkha, chukker, cycle, cyclus, and wheel.

dbt

In the etheric body of a yogini in meditation, the polarity is, therefore, not between the brain and the genitals, the second and sixth chakras, but between the inner sexuality of the womb and the heart.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 19:

(Hinduism, Ayurveda) Any of (at least) seven centres of spiritual energy in or near the body, according to Ayurveda philosophy.


chakra

chakra (nominative singular)
chakrat (nominative plural)
chakra (accusative nominative singular)
chakrat (accusative nominative plural)
chakran (accusative genitive singular)
chakrat (accusative genitive plural)
chakran (genitive singular)
chakrojen (genitive plural)
chakrain (genitive plural rare)
chakraa (partitive singular)
chakroja (partitive plural)
chakrassa (inessive singular)
chakroissa (inessive plural)
chakrasta (elative singular)
chakroista (elative plural)
chakraan (illative singular)
chakroihin (illative plural)
chakralla (adessive singular)
chakroilla (adessive plural)
chakralta (ablative singular)
chakroilta (ablative plural)
chakralle (allative singular)
chakroille (allative plural)
chakrana (essive singular)
chakroina (essive plural)
chakraksi (singular translative)
chakroiksi (plural translative)
chakratta (abessive singular)
chakroitta (abessive plural)
chakroin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
chakrani (nominative singular)
chakrani (nominative plural)
chakrani (accusative nominative singular)
chakrani (accusative nominative plural)
chakrani (accusative genitive singular)
chakrani (accusative genitive plural)
chakrani (genitive singular)
chakrojeni (genitive plural)
chakraini (genitive plural rare)
chakraani (partitive singular)
chakrojani (partitive plural)
chakrassani (inessive singular)
chakroissani (inessive plural)
chakrastani (elative singular)
chakroistani (elative plural)
chakraani (illative singular)
chakroihini (illative plural)
chakrallani (adessive singular)
chakroillani (adessive plural)
chakraltani (ablative singular)
chakroiltani (ablative plural)
chakralleni (allative singular)
chakroilleni (allative plural)
chakranani (essive singular)
chakroinani (essive plural)
chakrakseni (singular translative)
chakroikseni (plural translative)
chakrattani (abessive singular)
chakroittani (abessive plural)
chakroineni (comitative plural)
chakrasi (nominative singular)
chakrasi (nominative plural)
chakrasi (accusative nominative singular)
chakrasi (accusative nominative plural)
chakrasi (accusative genitive singular)
chakrasi (accusative genitive plural)
chakrasi (genitive singular)
chakrojesi (genitive plural)
chakraisi (genitive plural rare)
chakraasi (partitive singular)
chakrojasi (partitive plural)
chakrassasi (inessive singular)
chakroissasi (inessive plural)
chakrastasi (elative singular)
chakroistasi (elative plural)
chakraasi (illative singular)
chakroihisi (illative plural)
chakrallasi (adessive singular)
chakroillasi (adessive plural)
chakraltasi (ablative singular)
chakroiltasi (ablative plural)
chakrallesi (allative singular)
chakroillesi (allative plural)
chakranasi (essive singular)
chakroinasi (essive plural)
chakraksesi (singular translative)
chakroiksesi (plural translative)
chakrattasi (abessive singular)
chakroittasi (abessive plural)
chakroinesi (comitative plural)
chakramme (nominative singular)
chakramme (nominative plural)
chakramme (accusative nominative singular)
chakramme (accusative nominative plural)
chakramme (accusative genitive singular)
chakramme (accusative genitive plural)
chakramme (genitive singular)
chakrojemme (genitive plural)
chakraimme (genitive plural rare)
chakraamme (partitive singular)
chakrojamme (partitive plural)
chakrassamme (inessive singular)
chakroissamme (inessive plural)
chakrastamme (elative singular)
chakroistamme (elative plural)
chakraamme (illative singular)
chakroihimme (illative plural)
chakrallamme (adessive singular)
chakroillamme (adessive plural)
chakraltamme (ablative singular)
chakroiltamme (ablative plural)
chakrallemme (allative singular)
chakroillemme (allative plural)
chakranamme (essive singular)
chakroinamme (essive plural)
chakraksemme (singular translative)
chakroiksemme (plural translative)
chakrattamme (abessive singular)
chakroittamme (abessive plural)
chakroinemme (comitative plural)
chakranne (nominative singular)
chakranne (nominative plural)
chakranne (accusative nominative singular)
chakranne (accusative nominative plural)
chakranne (accusative genitive singular)
chakranne (accusative genitive plural)
chakranne (genitive singular)
chakrojenne (genitive plural)
chakrainne (genitive plural rare)
chakraanne (partitive singular)
chakrojanne (partitive plural)
chakrassanne (inessive singular)
chakroissanne (inessive plural)
chakrastanne (elative singular)
chakroistanne (elative plural)
chakraanne (illative singular)
chakroihinne (illative plural)
chakrallanne (adessive singular)
chakroillanne (adessive plural)
chakraltanne (ablative singular)
chakroiltanne (ablative plural)
chakrallenne (allative singular)
chakroillenne (allative plural)
chakrananne (essive singular)
chakroinanne (essive plural)
chakraksenne (singular translative)
chakroiksenne (plural translative)
chakrattanne (abessive singular)
chakroittanne (abessive plural)
chakroinenne (comitative plural)
chakransa (nominative singular)
chakransa (nominative plural)
chakransa (accusative nominative singular)
chakransa (accusative nominative plural)
chakransa (accusative genitive singular)
chakransa (accusative genitive plural)
chakransa (genitive singular)
chakrojensa (genitive plural)
chakrainsa (genitive plural rare)
chakraansa (partitive singular)
chakrojaan (partitive plural)
chakrojansa (partitive plural)
chakrassaan (inessive singular)
chakrassansa (inessive singular)
chakroissaan (inessive plural)
chakroissansa (inessive plural)
chakrastaan (elative singular)
chakrastansa (elative singular)
chakroistaan (elative plural)
chakroistansa (elative plural)
chakraansa (illative singular)
chakroihinsa (illative plural)
chakrallaan (adessive singular)
chakrallansa (adessive singular)
chakroillaan (adessive plural)
chakroillansa (adessive plural)
chakraltaan (ablative singular)
chakraltansa (ablative singular)
chakroiltaan (ablative plural)
chakroiltansa (ablative plural)
chakralleen (allative singular)
chakrallensa (allative singular)
chakroilleen (allative plural)
chakroillensa (allative plural)
chakranaan (essive singular)
chakranansa (essive singular)
chakroinaan (essive plural)
chakroinansa (essive plural)
chakrakseen (singular translative)
chakraksensa (singular translative)
chakroikseen (plural translative)
chakroiksensa (plural translative)
chakrattaan (abessive singular)
chakrattansa (abessive singular)
chakroittaan (abessive plural)
chakroittansa (abessive plural)
chakroineen (comitative plural)
chakroinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈt̪ʃɑ̝krɑ̝]

From Sanskrit चक्र (cakrá, “wheel, circle, cycle; chakra”), using the English spelling. Distant doublet of kaula, kekri, and sykli.


chakra

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra, “wheel, circle, point”). Doublet of ciclo.


Sati

(Hinduism) One of the daughters of Prasuti and Daksha; killed herself by self-immolation on a fire


mandala

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (máṇḍala). Doublet of mandal.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A graphic depiction of the spiritual universe and its myriad realms and deities.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.


mandala

id-noun

mandala (plural mandala-mandala, first-person possessive mandalaku, second-person possessive mandalamu, third-person possessive mandalanya)

mandala-mandala (plural)
mandalaku (first-person possessive)
mandalamu (possessive second-person)
mandalanya (possessive third-person)

From Malay mandala,
from Classical Malay mandala, from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).


mandala

mandala (nominative singular)
mandale (nominative plural)
mandali (genitive singular)
mandal (genitive plural)
mandali (dative singular)
mandalom (dative plural)
mandalę (accusative singular)
mandale (accusative plural)
mandalą (instrumental singular)
mandalami (instrumental plural)
mandali (locative singular)
mandalach (locative plural)
mandalo (singular vocative)
mandale (plural vocative)

(Buddhism, Hinduism) mandala (Hindu design)


sutra

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”). Doublet of sutta; more distantly related to sew and suture.

bor

Shepard: This Code of the Justicar seems central to your life.
Samara: It is five thousand sutras, and covers every situation one can encounter. I have memorized every word. There is only the Code.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2:

(Buddhism, Hinduism) A scriptural narrative, especially a discourse of the Buddha.


sutra

sutraen (definite singular)
sutraer (indefinite plural)
sutraene (definite plural)

From Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, “thread, rule”).


sutra

sutra (nominative singular)
sutry (nominative plural)
sutry (genitive singular)
sutr (genitive plural)
sutrze (dative singular)
sutrom (dative plural)
sutrę (accusative singular)
sutry (accusative plural)
sutrą (instrumental singular)
sutrami (instrumental plural)
sutrze (locative singular)
sutrach (locative plural)
sutro (singular vocative)
sutry (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-European *súh₁trom, from *syuh₁- (“to sew”).

bor+

(Buddhism, Hinduism) sutra (scriptural narrative)


sutra

(Buddhism, Hinduism) sutra (a scriptural narrative)


yoga

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yóga, “yoking, union”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwg-o-s, from *yewg- (“to join”).


karma

en-noun

karma (countable and uncountable, plural karmas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”), first attested in English in 1785 in a translation of the Bhagavad Gita by Charles Wilkins.

bor

‘We are all part of a circle of karma. We will be rewarded for the good deeds of our forefathers, and pay the price for their sins.’

2023, Santanu Bhattacharya, One Small Voice, Fig Tree, pages 59-60:

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

كَارْمَا

the total effect of a person’s actions and conduct during the successive phases of his existence


karma

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”).

bor+

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma


karma

karma (nominative singular)
karmy (nominative plural)
karmy (genitive singular)
karem (genitive plural)
karmě (dative singular)
karmám (dative plural)
karmu (accusative singular)
karmy (accusative plural)
karmo (singular vocative)
karmy (plural vocative)
karmě (locative singular)
karmách (locative plural)
karmou (instrumental singular)
karmami (instrumental plural)


karma

From Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”), possibly via English karma.


karma

eo-head

karma (accusative singular karman, plural karmaj, accusative plural karmajn)

karman (accusative singular)
karmaj (plural)
karmajn (accusative plural)


karma

karma (nominative singular)
karmat (nominative plural)
karma (accusative nominative singular)
karmat (accusative nominative plural)
karman (accusative genitive singular)
karmat (accusative genitive plural)
karman (genitive singular)
karmojen (genitive plural)
karmain (genitive plural rare)
karmaa (partitive singular)
karmoja (partitive plural)
karmassa (inessive singular)
karmoissa (inessive plural)
karmasta (elative singular)
karmoista (elative plural)
karmaan (illative singular)
karmoihin (illative plural)
karmalla (adessive singular)
karmoilla (adessive plural)
karmalta (ablative singular)
karmoilta (ablative plural)
karmalle (allative singular)
karmoille (allative plural)
karmana (essive singular)
karmoina (essive plural)
karmaksi (singular translative)
karmoiksi (plural translative)
karmatta (abessive singular)
karmoitta (abessive plural)
karmoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
karmani (nominative singular)
karmani (nominative plural)
karmani (accusative nominative singular)
karmani (accusative nominative plural)
karmani (accusative genitive singular)
karmani (accusative genitive plural)
karmani (genitive singular)
karmojeni (genitive plural)
karmaini (genitive plural rare)
karmaani (partitive singular)
karmojani (partitive plural)
karmassani (inessive singular)
karmoissani (inessive plural)
karmastani (elative singular)
karmoistani (elative plural)
karmaani (illative singular)
karmoihini (illative plural)
karmallani (adessive singular)
karmoillani (adessive plural)
karmaltani (ablative singular)
karmoiltani (ablative plural)
karmalleni (allative singular)
karmoilleni (allative plural)
karmanani (essive singular)
karmoinani (essive plural)
karmakseni (singular translative)
karmoikseni (plural translative)
karmattani (abessive singular)
karmoittani (abessive plural)
karmoineni (comitative plural)
karmasi (nominative singular)
karmasi (nominative plural)
karmasi (accusative nominative singular)
karmasi (accusative nominative plural)
karmasi (accusative genitive singular)
karmasi (accusative genitive plural)
karmasi (genitive singular)
karmojesi (genitive plural)
karmaisi (genitive plural rare)
karmaasi (partitive singular)
karmojasi (partitive plural)
karmassasi (inessive singular)
karmoissasi (inessive plural)
karmastasi (elative singular)
karmoistasi (elative plural)
karmaasi (illative singular)
karmoihisi (illative plural)
karmallasi (adessive singular)
karmoillasi (adessive plural)
karmaltasi (ablative singular)
karmoiltasi (ablative plural)
karmallesi (allative singular)
karmoillesi (allative plural)
karmanasi (essive singular)
karmoinasi (essive plural)
karmaksesi (singular translative)
karmoiksesi (plural translative)
karmattasi (abessive singular)
karmoittasi (abessive plural)
karmoinesi (comitative plural)
karmamme (nominative singular)
karmamme (nominative plural)
karmamme (accusative nominative singular)
karmamme (accusative nominative plural)
karmamme (accusative genitive singular)
karmamme (accusative genitive plural)
karmamme (genitive singular)
karmojemme (genitive plural)
karmaimme (genitive plural rare)
karmaamme (partitive singular)
karmojamme (partitive plural)
karmassamme (inessive singular)
karmoissamme (inessive plural)
karmastamme (elative singular)
karmoistamme (elative plural)
karmaamme (illative singular)
karmoihimme (illative plural)
karmallamme (adessive singular)
karmoillamme (adessive plural)
karmaltamme (ablative singular)
karmoiltamme (ablative plural)
karmallemme (allative singular)
karmoillemme (allative plural)
karmanamme (essive singular)
karmoinamme (essive plural)
karmaksemme (singular translative)
karmoiksemme (plural translative)
karmattamme (abessive singular)
karmoittamme (abessive plural)
karmoinemme (comitative plural)
karmanne (nominative singular)
karmanne (nominative plural)
karmanne (accusative nominative singular)
karmanne (accusative nominative plural)
karmanne (accusative genitive singular)
karmanne (accusative genitive plural)
karmanne (genitive singular)
karmojenne (genitive plural)
karmainne (genitive plural rare)
karmaanne (partitive singular)
karmojanne (partitive plural)
karmassanne (inessive singular)
karmoissanne (inessive plural)
karmastanne (elative singular)
karmoistanne (elative plural)
karmaanne (illative singular)
karmoihinne (illative plural)
karmallanne (adessive singular)
karmoillanne (adessive plural)
karmaltanne (ablative singular)
karmoiltanne (ablative plural)
karmallenne (allative singular)
karmoillenne (allative plural)
karmananne (essive singular)
karmoinanne (essive plural)
karmaksenne (singular translative)
karmoiksenne (plural translative)
karmattanne (abessive singular)
karmoittanne (abessive plural)
karmoinenne (comitative plural)
karmansa (nominative singular)
karmansa (nominative plural)
karmansa (accusative nominative singular)
karmansa (accusative nominative plural)
karmansa (accusative genitive singular)
karmansa (accusative genitive plural)
karmansa (genitive singular)
karmojensa (genitive plural)
karmainsa (genitive plural rare)
karmaansa (partitive singular)
karmojaan (partitive plural)
karmojansa (partitive plural)
karmassaan (inessive singular)
karmassansa (inessive singular)
karmoissaan (inessive plural)
karmoissansa (inessive plural)
karmastaan (elative singular)
karmastansa (elative singular)
karmoistaan (elative plural)
karmoistansa (elative plural)
karmaansa (illative singular)
karmoihinsa (illative plural)
karmallaan (adessive singular)
karmallansa (adessive singular)
karmoillaan (adessive plural)
karmoillansa (adessive plural)
karmaltaan (ablative singular)
karmaltansa (ablative singular)
karmoiltaan (ablative plural)
karmoiltansa (ablative plural)
karmalleen (allative singular)
karmallensa (allative singular)
karmoilleen (allative plural)
karmoillensa (allative plural)
karmanaan (essive singular)
karmanansa (essive singular)
karmoinaan (essive plural)
karmoinansa (essive plural)
karmakseen (singular translative)
karmaksensa (singular translative)
karmoikseen (plural translative)
karmoiksensa (plural translative)
karmattaan (abessive singular)
karmattansa (abessive singular)
karmoittaan (abessive plural)
karmoittansa (abessive plural)
karmoineen (comitative plural)
karmoinensa (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). Appears as headword on p. 341 of the Pieni Tietosanakirja ("Little Encyclopedia") https://runeberg.org/pieni/2/0215.html from 1925-28, published by Otava, Helsinki.


karma

karma (nominative singular)
karmák (nominative plural)
karmát (accusative singular)
karmákat (accusative plural)
karmának (dative singular)
karmáknak (dative plural)
karmával (instrumental singular)
karmákkal (instrumental plural)
karmáért (causal-final singular)
karmákért (causal-final plural)
karmává (singular translative)
karmákká (plural translative)
karmáig (singular terminative)
karmákig (plural terminative)
karmaként (essive-formal singular)
karmákként (essive-formal plural)
karmául (essive-modal singular)
karmában (inessive singular)
karmákban (inessive plural)
karmán (singular superessive)
karmákon (plural superessive)
karmánál (adessive singular)
karmáknál (adessive plural)
karmába (illative singular)
karmákba (illative plural)
karmára (singular sublative)
karmákra (plural sublative)
karmához (allative singular)
karmákhoz (allative plural)
karmából (elative singular)
karmákból (elative plural)
karmáról (delative singular)
karmákról (delative plural)
karmától (ablative singular)
karmáktól (ablative plural)
karmáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
karmáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
karmáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
karmákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)


karma

head

karma n (genitive singular karma, no plural)

karma (genitive singular)
karma (indefinite nominative singular)
karmað (definite nominative singular)
karma (accusative indefinite singular)
karmað (accusative definite singular)
karma (dative indefinite singular)
karmanu (dative definite singular)
karma (genitive indefinite singular)
karmans (definite genitive singular)


karma

From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

der

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma,

A force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate.


karma

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, “act, action, performance”), from the root कृ (kṛ, “to do, make”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer- (“to do, make, build”).


karma

karma (nominative singular)
karmy (genitive singular)
karmie (dative singular)
karmę (accusative singular)
karmą (instrumental singular)
karmie (locative singular)
karmo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karman.

lbor

(Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism) karma (total effect of a person's actions and conduct during the successive phases of their existence)


karma

Borrowed from English karma or French karma.


karma

kȁrma (canonical masculine)
ка̏рма (Cyrillic)
kȁrma (nominative singular)
karme (nominative plural)
karme (genitive singular)
kȃrmā (genitive plural)
kȃrmī (genitive plural)
karmi (dative singular)
karmama (dative plural)
karmu (accusative singular)
karme (accusative plural)
karmo (singular vocative)
karme (plural vocative)
karmi (locative singular)
karmama (locative plural)
karmom (instrumental singular)
karmama (instrumental plural)


karma

head

karma (definite accusative karmayı, plural karmalar)

karmayı (accusative definite)
karmalar (plural)
karma (nominative singular)
karmalar (nominative plural)
karmayı (accusative definite singular)
karmaları (accusative definite plural)
karmaya (dative singular)
karmalara (dative plural)
karmada (locative singular)
karmalarda (locative plural)
karmadan (ablative singular)
karmalardan (ablative plural)
karmanın (genitive singular)
karmaların (genitive plural)
karmam (first-person nominative singular)
karmalarım (first-person nominative singular)
karman (nominative second-person singular)
karmaların (nominative second-person singular)
karması (nominative singular third-person)
karmaları (nominative singular third-person)
karmamız (first-person nominative plural)
karmalarımız (first-person nominative plural)
karmanız (nominative plural second-person)
karmalarınız (nominative plural second-person)
karmaları (nominative plural third-person)
karmamı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karmalarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karmanı (accusative definite second-person singular)
karmalarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
karmasını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karmalarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karmamızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karmalarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karmanızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karmalarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karmalarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
karmama (dative first-person singular)
karmalarıma (dative first-person singular)
karmana (dative second-person singular)
karmalarına (dative second-person singular)
karmasına (dative singular third-person)
karmalarına (dative singular third-person)
karmamıza (dative first-person plural)
karmalarımıza (dative first-person plural)
karmanıza (dative plural second-person)
karmalarınıza (dative plural second-person)
karmalarına (dative plural third-person)
karmamda (first-person locative singular)
karmalarımda (first-person locative singular)
karmanda (locative second-person singular)
karmalarında (locative second-person singular)
karmasında (locative singular third-person)
karmalarında (locative singular third-person)
karmamızda (first-person locative plural)
karmalarımızda (first-person locative plural)
karmanızda (locative plural second-person)
karmalarınızda (locative plural second-person)
karmalarında (locative plural third-person)
karmamdan (ablative first-person singular)
karmalarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
karmandan (ablative second-person singular)
karmalarından (ablative second-person singular)
karmasından (ablative singular third-person)
karmalarından (ablative singular third-person)
karmamızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karmalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karmanızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karmalarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karmalarından (ablative plural third-person)
karmamın (first-person genitive singular)
karmalarımın (first-person genitive singular)
karmanın (genitive second-person singular)
karmalarının (genitive second-person singular)
karmasının (genitive singular third-person)
karmalarının (genitive singular third-person)
karmamızın (first-person genitive plural)
karmalarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
karmanızın (genitive plural second-person)
karmalarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
karmalarının (genitive plural third-person)

Probably from English karma, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman).


boto

From Konkani [script needed] (bhat), from Sanskrit भट्ट (bhaṭṭa).

(Hinduism) Bhat (Brahmin who has learned all the four Vedas)


gotra

(Hinduism) The lineage or clan assigned to a Hindu at birth.


Rama

en:Rama (disambiguation)
en:Rendezvous with Rama

Borrowed from Sanskrit रमा (ramā).
* (Oumuamua): The nickname derives from the similarity of Oumuamua to the fictional object "Rama" in the story Rendezvous with Rama, where that fictional object is named for the goddess.

(Hinduism) A name of the goddess Lakshmi.

A female given name from Sanskrit mainly used in India.

Alternative form of Rāma (“an incarnation of the god Vishnu in Hinduism”).


British East India Company

the British East India Company (canonical)

(historical) A seventeenth-century joint-stock company founded to trade with India to Britain's advantage.


Hindu

From Classical Persian هِنْدُو (hindū, “Indian, Hindu”), from Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”), from hnd (Hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).

der

Of, or relating to Hinduism, or to Hindus and their culture.

هِنْدُوسِيّ

of or relating to Hindus and their culture


Hindu

A person adhering to the Hindu religion (Hinduism).

(dated) Any native inhabitant of Hindustan.


playback singer

en-noun

playback singer (plural playback singers)

(singing, cinematography) A singer whose songs are pre-recorded for use in films, especially Bollywood musicals, where actors lip-sync them.

নেপথ্য গায়ক

singer whose songs are lip-synced by an actor


peaceful

Derived from the derogatory term religion of peace, which is used against Islam itself for its association with violent attacks by Islamic extremists, and alleged support and lack of condemnation against them by certain Muslim communities.

They only have to use a bit of code to name those people; nowadays they call them “peacefuls”. A smirking euphemism is all it takes to sail through Twitter’s filter, and keep the hate-speech flowing.

(India, Islam, Islamophobic, Internet slang, offensive) a Muslim; especially a violent member of a radical Islamist group.


pandit

From Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita). Doublet of pundit.

(India, Nepal) An honorary title for a learned man or scholar.


pandit

(Hinduism) someone who performs a puja; a Hindu priest


pandit

pandit (nominative singular)
pandici (nominative plural)
pandity (derogatory nominative plural)
pandita (genitive singular)
panditów (genitive plural)
panditowi (dative singular)
panditom (dative plural)
pandita (accusative singular)
panditów (accusative plural)
panditem (instrumental singular)
panditami (instrumental plural)
pandicie (locative singular)
panditach (locative plural)
pandicie (singular vocative)
pandici (plural vocative)

(Hinduism) pandit, pundit (learned person in India; someone with knowledge of Sanskrit, philosophy, religion, and law; a Hindu scholar)


pandit

pàndit (canonical masculine)
па̀ндит (Cyrillic)


JD

(Indian politics) Initialism of Janata Dal (former Indian political party)


Devi

Borrowed from Sanskrit देवी (devī́, “goddess, female deity”).

bor+

(Hinduism) Shakti, the female aspect of the divine, as conceptualized by the Shakta tradition of Hinduism. She is the female counterpart without whom the male aspect, which represents consciousness or discrimination, remains impotent and void.

A title put at the end of any female deity's name within Hinduism (e.g. Lakshmi Devi, Saraswati Devi, Kali Devi).


Lava

(Hinduism) One of the twin children of the Lord Rāma and his wife Sita in the Ramayana.


Kama

Fundamentally, the doctrine and technique of Kāma go back to primitive antiquity.

1956, Heinrich Robert Zimmer, Philosophies of India, page 145:

In Indian mythology, Kāma is the counterpart of Cupid.

1969, Allie M. Frazier, Readings in Eastern Religious Thought: Hinduism, page 35:

On seeing Kāma annihilated there, the Devas and the groups of celestial damsels became frightened.

2001, Jagdish Lal Shastri, Arnold Kunst, G. P. Bhatt, Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology, volume 63, page 429:

However, when Śiva saw the proud Kāma getting ready to let another arrow fly, he got angry.

2006, Catherine Benton, God of Desire: Tales of Kamadeva in Sanskrit Story Literature, page 52:

(religion, Hinduism) The Hindu god of love, Kamadeva


Manu

Transliteration of Sanskrit मनु (manu, “man, mankind”). Doublet of man.

translit

Agni is the one who is introduced by Manu, who is kindled by Manu; one requests him to rule at the present sacrifice, as he had done it for Manu, when he "offered the first oblation, with kindled fire, with his (attentive) heart and soul, along with the seven priests" to the gods (X, 63, 7).

1988, Hermann Oldenberg, Shridhar B. Shrotri, The Religion of the Veda, page 138:

(Hinduism) A title accorded to the progenitor of mankind, first king to rule this earth, who saves mankind from the universal flood.


Kali

From Sanskrit काली (kālī) or कालिका (kālikā).

Kālī is Śiva's "other" wife, as it were, provoking him and encouraging him in his mad, antisocial, often disruptive habits. It is never Kālī who tames Śiva but Śiva who must becalm Kālī.

1986, David R. Kinsley, Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition, published 1988, page 122:

To many Hindu Bengalis, Kālī is the most important divinity. Identified with the great Goddess, Devi Bhagavati, she subsumes all other goddesses.

2000, Sanjukta Gupta, “27: The Worship of Kālī According to the Toḑala Tantra”, in David Gordon White, editor, Tantra in Practice, published 2001, page 463:

A popular form of Kali worshiped in Calcutta is Adya Shakti Kali, or Kali as primordial power. Adya Shakti Kali is also present in some tantras, especially the Mahanirvana Tantra. Because she devours Kala or Time, she is Kali, the original form of all things, and because she is the origin and devourer of all things, she is called Adya Kali.

2011, June McDaniel, “2: Kali: Goddess of Life, Death, and Transcendence”, in Patricia Monaghan, editor, Goddesses in World Culture, volume 1, page 26:

(Hinduism) A goddess in Hinduism, one of the most significant figures within that religion, who destroys evil forces and bestows liberation.

A female given name from Sanskrit used especially in India.


Kali

(Hinduism) A male demon, lord of Kali Yuga and the nemesis of Kalki, tenth avatar of Vishnu.


Sadh

From Hindi साध (sādh, “member of the Sadh sect; Sadh”), from Sanskrit साधु (sādhu).

bor

A person who belongs to a monotheistic sect of Hinduism, having beliefs similar to those of Quakers.


Soma

(Hinduism) The soma juice, capitalized usually when mentioned in personified, deified form.


Veda

Borrowed from Sanskrit वेद (veda, “knowledge”).

(Hinduism) Any of a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.


Veda

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वेद (veda).


Yoga

(Hinduism) One of the six schools of Hindu philosophy.


परमेश्वर

hi-noun

परमेश्वर • (parameśvar) m (Urdu spelling پرمیشور)

parameśvar (romanization)
پرمیشور (Urdu)
परमेश्वर (direct singular)
parameśvar (direct singular)
parmeśvar (direct singular)
परमेश्वर (direct plural)
parameśvar (direct plural)
parmeśvar (direct plural)
परमेश्वर (oblique singular)
parameśvar (oblique singular)
parmeśvar (oblique singular)
परमेश्वरों (oblique plural)
parameśvarõ (oblique plural)
parmeśvarõ (oblique plural)
परमेश्वर (singular vocative)
parameśvar (singular vocative)
parmeśvar (singular vocative)
परमेश्वरो (plural vocative)
parameśvaro (plural vocative)
parmeśvaro (plural vocative)

/pə.ɾə.meːʃ.ʋəɾ/

[pɐ.ɾɐ.meːʃ.ʋɐɾ]

/pəɾ.meːʃ.ʋəɾ/

[pɐɾ.meːʃ.ʋɐɾ]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit परमेश्वर (parameśvara); equivalent to परम (param) + ईश्वर (īśvar).

lbor

आदि में परमेश्वर ने आकाश और पृथ्वी की सृष्टि की।

1962, Genesis, The Bible Society of India and Ceylon, page 1:

In the beginning, God created the Heaven and the Earth.

ādi mẽ parmeśvar ne ākāś aur pŕthvī kī sŕṣṭi kī.


ईश्वर

īśvar (romanization)
ایشور (Urdu)
ईश्वर (direct singular)
ईश्वर (direct plural)
ईश्वर (oblique singular)
ईश्वरों (oblique plural)
ईश्वर (singular vocative)
ईश्वरो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ईश्वर (īśvara).

हम प्रतिदिन ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करते हैं।

ham pratidin īśvar se prārthanā karte ha͠i.


ईश्वर

īśvará (romanization)
ईश्वरः (nominative singular)
ईश्वरौ (dual nominative)
ईश्वरा1 (dual nominative)
ईश्वराः (nominative plural)
ईश्वरासः1 (nominative plural)
ईश्वर (singular vocative)
ईश्वरौ (dual vocative)
ईश्वरा1 (dual vocative)
ईश्वराः (plural vocative)
ईश्वरासः1 (plural vocative)
ईश्वरम् (accusative singular)
ईश्वरौ (accusative dual)
ईश्वरा1 (accusative dual)
ईश्वरान् (accusative plural)
ईश्वरेण (instrumental singular)
ईश्वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईश्वरैः (instrumental plural)
ईश्वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ईश्वराय (dative singular)
ईश्वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईश्वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
ईश्वरात् (ablative singular)
ईश्वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईश्वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईश्वरस्य (genitive singular)
ईश्वरयोः (dual genitive)
ईश्वराणाम् (genitive plural)
ईश्वरे (locative singular)
ईश्वरयोः (dual locative)
ईश्वरेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: ঈশ্বর (iśśor)

Prakrit: 𑀇𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀭 (issara)

Punjabi: ਈੱਸਰ੍ (īssar)

→ Gujarati: ઈશ્વર (īśvar)

→ Hindi: ईश्वर (īśvar)

→ Kannada: ಈಶ್ವರ (īśvara)

→ Khmer: ឦស្វរៈ (ʼeisvâréaʼ)

desc

→ Lao: ອີສວນ (ʼī sūan)

→ Lao: ອີສວນ (ʼī sūan)

→ Malayalam: ഈശ്വരൻ (īśvaraṉ)

Nepali: ईश्वर (īśwar)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: īśwara
→ Balinese: ᬰ᭄ᬯᬭ (suara)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਈਸ਼ਵਰ (īśavar)

Shahmukhi script: ایشور (iśvar)

Sinhalese: ඊශ්වර (īśwara)

desc

→ Tamil: ஈசுவரன் (īcuvaraṉ), ஈசன் (īcaṉ)

→ Telugu: ఈశ్వరి (īśvari), ఈశ్వరుడు (īśvaruḍu)

→ Thai: อิศวร (ì-sǔuan), พระอิศวร (ì-sǔuan)

Urdu: ایشور (iśvar)

/iːɕ.ʋɐ.ɾɐ́/

/ˈiːɕ.ʋɐ.ɾɐ/

सुरेश्वर

a lord of the gods, name of a god, of Indra


adharmic

en-adj

adharmic (comparative more adharmic, superlative most adharmic)

more adharmic (comparative)
most adharmic (superlative)

Anything that represents itself as a method of liberation, and yet promotes that which leads to the opposite of liberation is adharmic.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) unrighteous; contrary to universal law


H

Coordinate term: M (“Muslim”)

(India, Hinduism, Internet slang) Abbreviation of Hindu; mostly used by Indian Muslim netizens primarily towards Hindutva supporters.


M

en-noun

M (countable and uncountable, plural Ms)

Coordinate term: H (“Hindu”)

(India, Islam, Internet slang) Initialism of Muslim; mostly used by Hindutva netizens primarily towards Islamist supporters and Muslim militants.


સિંદૂર

head

સિંદૂર • (sindūr) n

gu-noun

સિંદૂર • (sindūr) n

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिन्दूर (sindūra).

lbor

sindoor, a type of vermilion dye worn in the parting of the hair by married Hindu women


सिंदूर

hi-noun

सिंदूर • (sindūr) m (Urdu spelling سِندور)

sindūr (romanization)
سِندور (Urdu)
सिंदूर (direct singular)
सिंदूर (direct plural)
सिंदूर (oblique singular)
सिंदूरों (oblique plural)
सिंदूर (singular vocative)
सिंदूरो (plural vocative)

a type of vermilion dye worn in the parting of the hair by married Hindu women


hindu

hinduk (plural)
hindu (nominative singular)
hinduk (nominative plural)
hindut (accusative singular)
hindukat (accusative plural)
hindunak (dative singular)
hinduknak (dative plural)
hinduval (instrumental singular)
hindukkal (instrumental plural)
hinduért (causal-final singular)
hindukért (causal-final plural)
hinduvá (singular translative)
hindukká (plural translative)
hinduig (singular terminative)
hindukig (plural terminative)
hinduként (essive-formal singular)
hindukként (essive-formal plural)
hinduban (inessive singular)
hindukban (inessive plural)
hindun (singular superessive)
hindukon (plural superessive)
hindunál (adessive singular)
hinduknál (adessive plural)
hinduba (illative singular)
hindukba (illative plural)
hindura (singular sublative)
hindukra (plural sublative)
hinduhoz (allative singular)
hindukhoz (allative plural)
hinduból (elative singular)
hindukból (elative plural)
hinduról (delative singular)
hindukról (delative plural)
hindutól (ablative singular)
hinduktól (ablative plural)
hindué (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
hinduké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
hinduéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
hindukéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
hindum (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
hindujaim (or hinduim) (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
hindud (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
hindujaid (or hinduid) (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
hinduja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
hindujai (or hindui) (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
hindunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
hindujaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
or hinduink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
hindutok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
hindujaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
or hinduitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
hindujuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
hindujaik (or hinduik) (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Persian هندو (hendu, “Indian, Hindu”), from Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”), from hnd (Hind, “India”) + -wk' (-ūg), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sindʰus (“river”).


Upanishad

Borrowed from Sanskrit उपनिषद् (upaniṣad).

Any of a set of authorless Hindu religious and philosophical texts considered to be an early source of the religion, found mostly as the concluding part of the Brahmanas and in the Aranyakas.


heilige

From Middle Dutch heilige, from Old Dutch hēligo.

/ˈɦɛi̯.lə.ɣə/

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a holy man or woman, especially a priest, guru or ascetic, thought to be a miracle worker


AAP

(Indian politics) Initialism of Aam Aadmi Party, a political party.


लाल

lāl (romanization)
لال (Urdu)
लाल (direct singular)
लाल (direct plural)
लाल (oblique singular)
लालों (oblique plural)
लाल (singular vocative)
लालो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit लाल्य (lālya, “to be caressed”). Cognate with Old Awadhi लाल (lāla, “woman”).

inh+

(Hinduism) dear son: a designation of Krishna


NCP

Nationalist Congress Party
w:Nationalist Congress Party

(Indian politics) Initialism of Nationalist Congress Party.


NRC

Coordinate term: NPR (“National Population Register”)

National Register of Citizens
w:National Register of Citizens

(Indian politics) Initialism of National Register of Citizens.


pura

id-noun

pura (plural pura-pura, first-person possessive puraku, second-person possessive puramu, third-person possessive puranya)

pura-pura (plural)
puraku (first-person possessive)
puramu (possessive second-person)
puranya (possessive third-person)

From Malay pura (“castle town”), from Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of puri.
* Sense of "temple" is a semantic loan from Balinese ᬧᬸᬭ (pura) which ultimately from same Sanskrit word.

(Hinduism) temple, a Balinese Hinduism place of worship.


JP

(Indian politics) Initialism of Janata Party.

Justice Party (India)
w:Justice Party (India)

(Indian politics) Initialism of Justice Party (India).


fakir

Borrowed from Arabic فَقِير (faqīr, “poor man”).

The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(Hinduism, more loosely) An ascetic mendicant, especially one who performs feats of endurance or apparent magic.


fakir

nl-noun

fakir m (plural fakirs, diminutive fakirtje n)

fakirs (plural)
fakirtje (diminutive neuter)


fakir

fakir (nominative singular)
fakirzy (nominative plural)
fakirowie (nominative plural)
fakira (genitive singular)
fakirów (genitive plural)
fakirowi (dative singular)
fakirom (dative plural)
fakira (accusative singular)
fakirów (accusative plural)
fakirem (instrumental singular)
fakirami (instrumental plural)
fakirze (locative singular)
fakirach (locative plural)
fakirze (singular vocative)
fakirzy (plural vocative)
fakirowie (plural vocative)


UC

en-noun

UC (countable and uncountable, plural UCs)

(India, Hinduism) Initialism of upper caste.


SAD

Shiromani Akali Dal
w:Shiromani Akali Dal

(Indian politics) Initialism of Shiromani Akali Dal (Indian political party)


KP

KP (countable and uncountable, plural KPs)

(countable, India, Hinduism) Initialism of Kashmiri Pandit.


RSS

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
w:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

(Indian politics, Hindutva) Initialism of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (“Indian nationalist volunteer organization”).


Vishnu

Transliteration of Sanskrit विष्णु (viṣṇu).

translit

(Hinduism) One of the Trimurti (trinity) in Hindu mythology, and the most venerated god in Hinduism.

A male given name from Sanskrit used in India.


कृष्ण

kŕṣṇa (romanization)
کرشن (Urdu)
कृष्ण (direct singular)
कृष्ण (direct plural)
कृष्ण (oblique singular)
कृष्णों (oblique plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa). Doublet of कान्हा (kānhā) and किशन (kiśan).

doublet

(Hinduism) Krishna, eighth avatar of Vishnu


Aghori

From Sanskrit अघोर (aghora, “fearless”).

A tribe of Hindu ascetics who are or were thought to eat the flesh of corpses.


свастика

bg-noun

сва́стика • (svástika) f

сва́стика (canonical)
svástika (romanization)
сва́стика (indefinite singular)
сва́стики (indefinite plural)
сва́стиката (definite singular)
сва́стиките (definite plural)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


свастика

mk-noun

свастика • (svastika) f (plural свастики)

svastika (romanization)
свастики (plural)
свастика (indefinite singular)
свастики (indefinite plural)
свастиката (definite singular unspecified)
свастиките (definite plural unspecified)
свастикава (definite proximal singular)
свастикиве (definite plural proximal)
свастикана (definite distal singular)
свастикине (definite distal plural)
свастико (singular vocative)
свастики (plural vocative)


свастика

ru-noun+

сва́стика • (svástika) f inan (genitive сва́стики, nominative plural сва́стики, genitive plural сва́стик)

сва́стика (canonical)
svástika (romanization)
сва́стики (genitive)
сва́стики (nominative plural)
сва́стик (genitive plural)
сва́стика (nominative singular)
сва́стики (nominative plural)
сва́стики (genitive singular)
сва́стик (genitive plural)
сва́стике (dative singular)
сва́стикам (dative plural)
сва́стику (accusative singular)
сва́стики (accusative plural)
сва́стикой (instrumental singular)
сва́стикою (instrumental singular)
сва́стиками (instrumental plural)
сва́стике (prepositional singular)
сва́стиках (plural prepositional)


свастика

сва̀стика (canonical feminine)
svàstika (romanization)
свастика (nominative singular)
свастике (nominative plural)
свастике (genitive singular)
свастика (genitive plural)
свастици (dative singular)
свастикама (dative plural)
свастику (accusative singular)
свастике (accusative plural)
свастико (singular vocative)
свастике (plural vocative)
свастици (locative singular)
свастикама (locative plural)
свастиком (instrumental singular)
свастикама (instrumental plural)


свастика

uk-noun

сва́стика • (svástyka) f inan (genitive сва́стики, nominative plural сва́стики, genitive plural сва́стик)

сва́стика (canonical)
svástyka (romanization)
сва́стики (genitive)
сва́стики (nominative plural)
сва́стик (genitive plural)
сва́стика (nominative singular)
сва́стики (nominative plural)
сва́стики (genitive singular)
сва́стик (genitive plural)
сва́стиці (dative singular)
сва́стикам (dative plural)
сва́стику (accusative singular)
сва́стики (accusative plural)
сва́стикою (instrumental singular)
сва́стиками (instrumental plural)
сва́стиці (locative singular)
сва́стиках (locative plural)
сва́стико (singular vocative)
сва́стики (plural vocative)


CPM

Communist Party of India (Marxist)
w:Communist Party of India (Marxist)

(Indian politics) Initialism of Communist Party of India (Marxist), a political party.


chela

In fact, Gilgamesh's instructions are still-valid directions from the guru to the chela.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 184:

The guru had insight. He understood his chela. The relationship between a guru and his chela was as a father to a son, as a whole person to a whole person, individual and unique.

1987, Phirozshah Dorabji Mehta, The Heart of Religion, page 36:

The guru-chela relationship was a theme in many of Nicholas's paintings. In Pearl of Searching, the guru is looking thoughtfully at a pearl necklace with his chela. This symbolizes the "pearl of great price" that gives purpose to life.

2002, Warrior of Light: The Life of Nicholas Roerich: Artist, Himalayan Explorer, and Visionary, page 52:

This, of course, is done by the guru as the result of a long process in which his consciousness must merge with that of the chela and wherein the chela is absorbed essentially into the guru.

2007, Michael Bertiaux, The Voudon Gnostic Workbook: Expanded Edition, page 455:

A pupil or disciple, especially in Hinduism. [from 19th c.]


vrata

Transliteration of Sanskrit व्रत (vratá). Related to the group word, verb, and verve, from the same Proto-Indo-European root, *werh₁- (“to speak, say”).

transliteration

(Hinduism, Jainism) A pious observance such as fasting and pilgrimage.


PFI

Popular Front of India
w:Popular Front of India

(Indian politics) Initialism of Popular Front of India, a banned organization in India.


gaja

Audio (US)

Transliteration of Sanskrit गज (gaja, “elephant; gaja”).

translit

(Hinduism) The sacred name for the elephant


Ганеш

Гане̏ш (canonical masculine)
Ganȅš (romanization)


Ganeš

Ganȅš (canonical masculine)
Гане̏ш (Cyrillic)


Ganesha

(Hinduism) A Hindu god of intellect, wisdom, gates, and beginnings, son of Parvati and Shiva.


अग्नि

agni (romanization)
اگنی (Urdu)
अग्नि (direct singular)
अग्नि (oblique singular)
अग्नि (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आग (āg). First attested as Old Hindi अग्नि (agni).


अग्नि

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आग (āg). Compare Old Marathi 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī).


अग्नि

ne-proper noun

अग्नि • (agni)

agni (romanization)
अग्नि [ʌɡni] (nominative singular)
अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi] (accusative singular)
instrumental (accusative)
ergative (accusative)
अग्निले [ʌɡnile] (singular)
अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi] (dative singular)
अग्निबाट [ʌɡnibäʈʌ] (ablative singular)
अग्निको [ʌɡniko] (genitive singular)
अग्निमा [ʌɡnimä] (locative singular)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आगो (āgo).


अग्नि

agní (romanization)
अग्निः (nominative singular)
अग्नी (dual nominative)
अग्नयः (nominative plural)
अग्ने (singular vocative)
अग्नी (dual vocative)
अग्नयः (plural vocative)
अग्निम् (accusative singular)
अग्नी (accusative dual)
अग्नीन् (accusative plural)
अग्निना (instrumental singular)
अग्न्या1 (instrumental singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अग्निभिः (instrumental plural)
अग्नये (dative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (dative plural)
अग्नेः (ablative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (ablative plural)
अग्नेः (genitive singular)
अग्न्योः (dual genitive)
अग्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
अग्नौ (locative singular)
अग्ना1 (locative singular)
अग्न्योः (dual locative)
अग्निषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hagníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagníš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Latin ignis, Old Church Slavonic огнь (ognĭ), ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ).

अ॒ग्निम्ई॒ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विजं॑ ।
होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मं ॥
agnímīḷé puróhitaṃ yajñásya devámṛtvíjaṃ.

I glorify Agni, the high priest of the sacrifice, the divine, the ministrant, who presents the oblation (to the gods), and is the possessor of great wealth.


अग्नि

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑀺 (agi /aggi/)
Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀺 (aggi) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: اۆگُن (ogun)

Devanagari script: ऒगुन (ogun)

Gandhari: 𐨀𐨒𐨁 (agi)

Pali: aggi
→ Khmer: អគ្គិ (ʼakkiʼ) (learned)
→ Lao: ອັກຄີ (ʼak khī) (learned)
→ Thai: อัคคี (àk-kii) (learned)

→ Assamese: অগ্নি (ogni)

→ Bengali: অগ্নি (ogni) (learned)

→ English: Agni

→ Gujarati: અગ્નિ (agni)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: अगन (agan) (semi-learned)

→ Urdu: اگن (agan) (semi-learned)

→ Hindustani:

→ Old Hindi: अग्नि (agni) (learned)
Hindi: अग्नि (agni)

→ Urdu: اگنی (agni) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: agni, gĕni
Javanese: ꦲꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ (agni)
→ Balinese: ᬅᬕ᭄ᬦᬶ (agni)
Javanese: ꦒꦼꦤꦶ (geni)
→ Balinese: ᬕᭂᬦᬶ (geni)

→ Kannada: ಅಗ್ನಿ (agni)

→ Lao: ອັກຄະນີ (ʼak kha nī)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: अग्न (agna), अग्नि (agni), अज्ञी (ajñī)

Modi script: 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī)

→ Odia: ଅଗ୍ନି (agni)

→ Marwari: अगन (agan), अगनी (agnī)

→ Russian: Агни́ (Agní)

→ Rohingya: ooin

→ Sylheti: ꠀꠉꠥꠁꠘ (aguin)

→ Tamil: அக்கினி (akkiṉi), அக்னி (akṉi)

→ Malayalam: അഗ്നി (agni)

→ Telugu: అగ్ని (agni)

→ Thai: อัคนี (àk-ká-nii)

Semecarpus anacardium
Semecarpus anacardium#Translingual

name of various plants; Semecarpus anacardium, Plumbago zeylanica, Plumbago indica, Citrus aurantifolia

in the कातन्त्र (kātantra) grammar, name of noun-stems ending in i and u


maya

Shankara prescribed meditative reflection, through which each individual could pierce the veil of maya and come to recognize the identity between his or her essence and the universal spirit.

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 58:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The power by which the universe is made to appear; the illusion of the phenomenal world, as opposed to its true or spiritual reality.


nationalist

en-adj

nationalist (comparative more nationalist, superlative most nationalist)

more nationalist (comparative)
most nationalist (superlative)


nationalist

You are either a globalist or a nationalist; one cannot be both.


ISF

Indian Secular Front
w:Indian Secular Front

(Indian politics) Initialism of Indian Secular Front, a political party.


गणेश

gaṇeś (romanization)
گنیش (Urdu)
गणेश (direct singular)
गणेश (oblique singular)
गणेश (singular vocative)


गणेश

/ɡɐ.ɳɐj.ɕɐ́/

Compound of गण (ganá, “servants of Shiva”) + ईश (īśá, “lord, master”).


मंदिर

mandir (romanization)
مندر (Urdu)
मंदिर (direct singular)
मंदिर (direct plural)
मंदिर (oblique singular)
मंदिरों (oblique plural)
मंदिर (singular vocative)
मंदिरो (plural vocative)

→ English: mandir

[mɐ̃n̪.d̪ɪɾ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit मन्दिर (mandira).


मत्स्य

hi-noun

मत्स्य • (matsya) m (Urdu spelling متسیہ)

matsya (romanization)
متسیہ (Urdu)
मत्स्य (direct singular)
मत्स्य (direct plural)
मत्स्य (oblique singular)
मत्स्यों (oblique plural)
मत्स्य (singular vocative)
मत्स्यो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मत्स्य (mátsya), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas.

(Hinduism) the first of ten avatars of the god Vishnu who appeared in the form of a fish


मत्स्य

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas (“fish”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia), Persian ماهی (mâhi).


suttee

en-noun

suttee (countable and uncountable, plural suttees)

From Sanskrit सती (satī́, “good and virtuous or faithful wife”), from सत् (sát, “true, good, right etc.”). In English usage since 1786. Doublet of sin.

uder

(historical, Hinduism) The traditional custom of a Hindu woman giving herself up to be cremated on her husband’s funeral pyre as a sign of her devotion.


kuil

ms-noun

kuil (Jawi spelling کوءيل, plural kuil-kuil, informal 1st possessive kuilku, 2nd possessive kuilmu, 3rd possessive kuilnya)

کوءيل (Jawi)
kuil-kuil (plural)
kuilku (first-person informal possessive)
kuilmu (possessive second-person)
kuilnya (possessive third-person)

From Tamil கோயில் (kōyil). See also English kovil.


ahimsa

Already, at this very early date, the ritualists were moving towards the ideal of ahimsa ("harmlessness") that would become the indispensable virtue of the Indian Axial Age.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 79:

This, in essence, is the Jain doctrine of ahimsa – a direct inversion of Vedic beliefs about the sustaining powers of animal sacrifice.

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 9:

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.

不殺生

doctrine of non-violence in Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism


ahimsa

id-noun

ahimsa (first-person possessive ahimsaku, second-person possessive ahimsamu, third-person possessive ahimsanya)

ahimsaku (first-person possessive)
ahimsamu (possessive second-person)
ahimsanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अहिंसा (ahiṃsā).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) ahimsa: A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.


dana

Transliteration of Sanskrit दान (dāna) or Pali dāna.

The virtue of generosity or giving, a form of alms, in Indian philosophy.


Vedic

Of or relating to the Sanskrit language of the Vedas


Brahman

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (bráhman).

(Hinduism) The unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe. The nature of Brahman is described as transpersonal, personal and impersonal by different philosophical schools.


Brahma

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्मा (brahmā).

(Hinduism) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.


Brahma

Brahma (nominative singular)
Brahmy (genitive singular)
Brahmie (dative singular)
Brahmę (accusative singular)
Brahmą (instrumental singular)
Brahmie (locative singular)
Brahmo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (brahman).

(Hinduism) Brahma (Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti (trinity))


rupia

(historical) The former currencies of Italian Somaliland and Portuguese India.


Shiva

From Sanskrit शिव (śivá, “the auspicious one”).

uder

(Hinduism) The god of destruction and transformation, and together with Brahma and Vishnu, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. Within Shaivism he is viewed as the Supreme deity, whereas in other branches of Hinduism such as the Smarta tradition he is worshipped as one of the six manifestations of the Divine.

A male given name from Sanskrit used in India.


pralaya

(Indian mythology) destruction, apocalypse


ashram

The entire ashram was excited.

In our broken culture those who have experienced the training of the yogic ashram are often woefully ignorant in the ways of the university, and vice versa.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 219:

(Hinduism) A secluded religious hermitage inhabited by gurus, or the population of such a hermitage.

Aschram

a secluded religious hermitage inhabited by gurus


sadhu

From Sanskrit साधु (sādhú, “good; good man, holy man”).

der

It was clad in white in the manner of an Indian sadu or holy man, and it was walking barefoot on the grubby pavements.

1983, Lawrence Durrell, Sebastian (Avignon Qutet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 994:

So for the meanwhile I continued with my ritualised observances, obsessively counting the number of steps it took me to walk to any given location, carefully avoiding the cracks in the pavement for fear that the bears of the id might get me, and attending to my bodily functions with the pure metrical devotion of a sadhu.

(Hinduism) An ascetic or practitioner of yoga (yogi) who has given up pursuit of the first three Hindu goals of life: kama (enjoyment), artha (practical objectives) and even dharma (duty).


wheel of life

(Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism) A mandala, representing the continuous cycle of birth, life and death.

roue de l’existence karmique

mandala representing the continuous cycle of birth, life and death


กรุงเทพ

From กรุง (grung, “city”) + เทพ (têep, “god”).

com

(Hinduism) Ayodhya, an ancient city of India.


yantra

Borrowed from Sanskrit यन्त्र (yantra, “instrument”).

(religion, Hinduism) Any object used as a meditation aid in tantric worship.


samadhi

en-noun

samadhi (countable and uncountable, plural samadhis)

From Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi, “placing together”), from सम (sama, “together”) + आ (ā) prefix + धा (dhā, “to place”).

uder

The tomb of a holy person or saint in India.


अधर्म

adharma (romanization)
अधर्मः (nominative singular)
अधर्मौ (dual nominative)
अधर्मा1 (dual nominative)
अधर्माः (nominative plural)
अधर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
अधर्म (singular vocative)
अधर्मौ (dual vocative)
अधर्मा1 (dual vocative)
अधर्माः (plural vocative)
अधर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
अधर्मम् (accusative singular)
अधर्मौ (accusative dual)
अधर्मा1 (accusative dual)
अधर्मान् (accusative plural)
अधर्मेण (instrumental singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधर्मैः (instrumental plural)
अधर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधर्माय (dative singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधर्मात् (ablative singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधर्मस्य (genitive singular)
अधर्मयोः (dual genitive)
अधर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
अधर्मे (locative singular)
अधर्मयोः (dual locative)
अधर्मेषु (locative plural)

→ Lao: ອະທຳ (ʼa tham)

desc

→ Thai: อธรรม

→ Thai: อธรรม

unrighteousness, wickedness, demerit, guilt, injustice, sin, irreligion


यम

yam (romanization)
यम (direct singular)
यम (oblique singular)
यम (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit यम (yama).


यम

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘧𑘦 (yama), from Sanskrit यम (yama).


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमः (nominative singular)
यमौ (dual nominative)
यमा1 (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमासः1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमौ (dual vocative)
यमा1 (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमासः1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमौ (accusative dual)
यमा1 (accusative dual)
यमान् (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)

→ Balinese: ᬬᬫ (yama)

→ Bengali: যম (jom)

→ Manipuri: ꯌꯃ (yama)

→ Middle Chinese: 閻魔 (MC yem ma)

zh-l

閻魔／阎魔 (Yánmó)

Mandarin: 閻魔／阎魔 (Yánmó)

→ Japanese: 閻魔 (えんま, enma)

→ Korean: 염마 (yeomma), 閻魔

→ Vietnamese: Diêm Ma

→ Japanese: 夜摩 (Yama)

desctree

→ Old Marathi: 𑘧𑘦 (yama)
Marathi: यम (yam)

Pali: yama

→ Burmese: ယာမာ (yama)

→ Old Khmer: [script needed] (yama)

Khmer: យម (yum)

→ Thai: ยม (yom)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀫 (jama)

→ Tamil: யமன் (yamaṉ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Yamás.

प॒रे॒यि॒वांसं॑ प्र॒वतो॑ म॒हीरनु॑ ब॒हुभ्य॒: पन्था॑मनुपस्पशा॒नम्।
वै॒व॒स्व॒तं सं॒गम॑नं॒ जना॑नां य॒मं राजा॑नं ह॒विषा॑ दुवस्य॥
pareyivā́ṃsaṃ praváto mahī́ránu bahúbhya: pánthāmanupaspaśānám.
vaivasvatáṃ saṃgámanaṃ jánānāṃ yamáṃ rā́jānaṃ havíṣā duvasya.
Honour the King (of the Pitṛs) with your oblations, Yama, Vivasvan's Son, who gathers men together, who travelled to the lofty heights above us, who searches out and shows the path to many.

Yama, the god of death, afterlife and justice, the twin brother of Yamuna and believed to have been the first mortal to die


सूर्य

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އިރު (iru)

Sinhalese: ඉර (ira)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja)

Sindhi: सिॼु(sijju)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸਿਝ (sijha) (archaic)

Pali: surya

→ Assamese: সূৰুয (xuruz)

→ Bengali: সূর্য (śurjo)

→ Gujarati: સૂરજ (sūraj)

→ Hindi: सूर्य (sūrya), सूरज (sūraj)

→ Khmer: សុរិយ (soreyaʼ)

→ Kannada: ಸೂರ್ಯ (sūrya)

→ Konkani: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Malayalam: സൂര്യന് (sūryaṉ)

→ Malay: suria
Indonesian: surya

→ Marathi: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Old Javanese: sūrya
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)

→ Odia: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ (surjya)

→ Nepali: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Newar: सूर्द्य (sūrdya)

→ Punjabi: ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj) / سورج (sūraj)

→ Marwari: सूरज (sūraj)

→ Sindhi: سوُرَجُ (sūraju)

→ Sinhalese: සූර්යයා (sūryayā)

→ Tamil: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

→ Telugu: సూర్యుడు (sūryuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Burmese: သူရိယ (suri.ya.)

→ Urdu: سورج (sūraj)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य।
विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम्॥
taráṇirviśvádarśato jyotiṣkṛ́dasi sūrya.
víśvamā́ bhāsi rocanám.

You, Sūrya, outstrip all in speed; you are visible to all; you are the source of light; you shine throughout the entire firmament

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


देव

dev (romanization)
دیو (Urdu)
देव (direct singular)
देव (direct plural)
देव (oblique singular)
देवों (oblique plural)
देव (singular vocative)
देवो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) deity, god, deva

देवत्रिय

the Holy Trinity of Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva


देव

dev (romanization)
देव
देवा
देवां-
देवाला
देवांना
देवाने (ergative)
देवानं (ergative)
देवांनी (ergative)
देवाशी (instrumental)
देवांशी (instrumental)
Locative Note: -त  is a postposition.
देवाचा
देवाचे
देवाची
देवाच्या
देवाचं
देवांचा
देवांचे
देवांची
देवांच्या
देवांचं
देवांच्या

mr-decl-noun

masc cons-stem


tilak

I wore these spots of shine and silver like tilaks, the marks of colour that we Hindus wear on our foreheads as symbols of the divine.

He dressed in a dhoti, had a wispy white beard that trailed down to his waist, and regularly smeared across his forehead a tilaka, a pitchfork-shaped design that signifies enlightenment.

2012 April 30, Jake Halpern, “The Secret of the Temple”, in The New Yorker:

A mark or symbol worn on the forehead by Hindus, ornamentally or as an indication of status.


mala

Transliteration of Sanskrit माला (mālā, “wreath, garland, crown”).

translit

His words were like beads on the string of a mala, escaping his lips in small puffs of air.

2021, Ruth Ozeki, The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books (2022), page 413:

(Hinduism, Sikhism) A bead or a set of beads commonly used by Hindus and Buddhists for keeping count while reciting, chanting, or mentally repeating a mantra or the name or names of a deity.


Diwali

Borrowed from Hindi दिवाली (divālī), from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali, literally “row of lights”), from दीप (dīpa, “light”) + आवलि (āvali, “series, line, row”). Doublet of Deepavali.

der

(Hinduism) An annual festival of light, observed during several days in October and November.

Deepawali

more often used in Malaysia and Singapore


kori

The monetary unit of Kutch prior to 1947, divided into 24 dokdas.