abba

abbá (canonical masculine)
abbobtí (feminine plural)
abboobí (feminine plural)
abbá (absolutive)
abbá (predicative)
abbí (subjective)
abbí (genitive)
abbáw (vocative)
abbál (l-case with-postposition)
abbák (k-case with-postposition)
abbát (t-case with-postposition)
abbáh (h-case with-postposition)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab-, from a nursery word. Cognates include Saho abba, Somali aabo and Hebrew אבא (’abā’).


seme

seme (absolutive indefinite)
semea (absolutive indefinite singular)
semeak (absolutive indefinite plural)
semek (ergative indefinite)
semeak (ergative indefinite singular)
semeek (ergative indefinite plural)
semeri (dative indefinite)
semeari (dative indefinite singular)
semeei (dative indefinite plural)
semeren (genitive indefinite)
semearen (genitive indefinite singular)
semeen (genitive indefinite plural)
semerekin (comitative indefinite)
semearekin (comitative indefinite singular)
semeekin (comitative indefinite plural)
semerengatik (causative indefinite)
semearengatik (causative indefinite singular)
semeengatik (causative indefinite plural)
semerentzat (benefactive indefinite)
semearentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
semeentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
semez (indefinite instrumental)
semeaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
semeez (indefinite instrumental plural)
semerengan (indefinite inessive)
semearengan (indefinite inessive singular)
semeengan (indefinite inessive plural)
semerengana (allative indefinite)
semearengana (allative indefinite singular)
semeengana (allative indefinite plural)
semerenganaino (indefinite terminative)
semearenganaino (indefinite singular terminative)
semeenganaino (indefinite plural terminative)
semerenganantz (directive indefinite)
semearenganantz (directive indefinite singular)
semeenganantz (directive indefinite plural)
semerenganako (destinative indefinite)
semearenganako (destinative indefinite singular)
semeenganako (destinative indefinite plural)
semerengandik (ablative indefinite)
semearengandik (ablative indefinite singular)
semeengandik (ablative indefinite plural)
semerik (indefinite partitive)
semetzat (indefinite prolative)


man

From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.


husband

⇒ Chinese: 黑漆板凳 (hēiqī bǎndèng) (obsolete)

→ Japanese: ハズバンド (hazubando)

⇒ English: husbando

From Middle English husbonde, housbonde, from Old English hūsbonda, hūsbunda (“male head of a household, householder, master of a house”), from Old Norse húsbóndi (“master of house”), from hús (“house”) + bóndi (“dweller, householder”), equivalent to house + bond (“serf, slave", originally, "dweller”).
Bond in turn represents a formation derived from the present participle of West Scandinavian búa, East Scandinavian bôa = to build, plow; compare German bauen, der Bauende. Cognate with Icelandic húsbóndi (“head of household”), Faroese húsbóndi (“husband”), Norwegian husbond (“head of household, husband”), Swedish husbonde (“master”), Danish husbond (“husband”) (< Old Danish husbonde).

cog

You should start dating so you can find a suitable husband.

The husband and wife are one person in law.

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

A great bargain also had been[…]the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire. In fact, that arm-chair had been an extravagance of Mrs. Bunting. She had wanted her husband to be comfortable after the day's work was done, and she had paid thirty-seven shillings for the chair.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:

But Sophia's mother was not the woman to brook defiance. After a few moments' vain remonstrance her husband complied. His manner and appearance were suggestive of a satiated sea-lion.

1921, Ben Travers, chapter 6, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

A man in a marriage or marital relationship, especially in relation to his spouse.

(UK) A manager of property; one who has the care of another's belongings, owndom, or interests; a steward; an economist.

Husband of the Herd

1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

While reading her book, Sally leaned back against her husband, wishing it were the human kind.

A large cushion with arms meant to support a person in the sitting position; a husband pillow.


father

Ireland, Canada, California, Western Pennsylvania, older New York City

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Germanic *fadēr
Proto-West Germanic *fader
Old English fæder
Middle English fader
English father
From Middle English fader, from Old English fæder, from Proto-West Germanic *fader, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr, possibly from *peh₂- + *-tḗr. Doublet of ayr, faeder, padre, pater, and père.

doublet

it is a wise child that knows his own father

My father was a strong influence on me.

The Pꝛouerbes of Solomon: A wiſe ſonne maketh a glad father: but a fooliſh sonne is the heauineſſe of his mother.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 10:1:

When this conversation was repeated in detail within the hearing of the young woman in question, and undoubtedly for his benefit, Mr. Trevor threw shame to the winds and scandalized the Misses Brewster then and there by proclaiming his father to have been a country storekeeper.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Ah, but how beautiful (my baby boy) is! And he is mine, mine for ever. Even if he hates me he will be mine. He cannot help it, he is made out of me; I am his father.

1905, E. M. Forster, Where Angels Fear to Tread, chapter 7

My personal success or failure is insignificant; the rise or fall of the nation is my responsibility and must not be shirked. Upon introspection, I feel I am firmer than ever in confidence that the Communists will be defeated. These are feelings which will comfort Father's soul in Heaven.

1980 August 1 [1980 May 1], Ching-kuo Chiang, “President Chiang Ching-kuo continues his period of mourning and finds that visits to countryside and people give him renewed strength”, in Taiwan Today, archived from the original on 2020-05-17:

Father, dear father
Will you be proud of me?
I wish I could be
Just like you.

2010 April 7, “My First Borrowing”, in Cécile Corbel (lyrics), Cécile Corbel and Simon Caby (music), 借りぐらし Kari-gurashi [The Borrowers] (CD), performed by Cécile Corbel, Yamaha Music Communications:

Shepard: The bartender over there?
Liara: The matriarch hired by the asari government to track my movements?
Shepard: She's your father.
Liara: I know.

2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Apollo Cafe, Presidium Commons, Citadel:

A male parent, especially of a human; a male who parents a child (which he has sired, adopted, fostered, taken as his own, etc.).

My friend Tony just became a father.

A male who has sired a baby; this person in relation to his child or children.

So Dauid ſlept with his fathers, and was buried in the citie of Dauid.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 2:10:

Therefoꝛe it is of faith, that it might bee by grace; to the ende the pꝛomiſe might be ſure to all the ſeede, not to that onely which is of the Law, but to that alſo which is of the faith of Abꝛaham, who is the father of vs all,

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 4:16:

A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially, a first ancestor.

In proceeding in this fashion, the fathers assembled at Pisa were following the generally accepted canonistic teaching of the day […]

2003, Francis Oakley, The Conciliarist Tradition: Constitutionalism in the Catholic Church, 1300–1870, →ISBN, pages 37–8:

On the part of the fathers of the synod, over 50 bishops, from every continent, spoke on different ‘group forms’ of the lay apostolate, whereas about 38 fathers made their own interventions in writing to the General Secretary.

2009, Peter Chidi Okuma, Empowerment of the Catholic Laity in the Nigerian Political Situation […], →ISBN, page 177:

Remember that the fathers of Vatican II had rejected the first draft of the constitution on revelation entirely.

2014, Ronald D. Witherup, The Word of God at Vatican II: Exploring Dei Verbum, →ISBN, page 31:

(Christianity) A member of a church council.


father

en-verb

father (third-person singular simple present fathers, present participle fathering, simple past and past participle fathered)

fathers (present singular third-person)
fathering (participle present)
fathered (participle past)
fathered (past)

Well go too, we'll haue no Baſtards liue, / Eſpecially ſince Charles muſt Father it.

1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 117, column 2:


brother

en-noun

brother (plural brothers or (archaic in most senses) brethren)

brothers (plural)
brethren (archaic plural)

Bahamian Creole: bredda

Belizean Creole: breda

Bislama: brata

Cameroon Pidgin: bro̱da

Gullah: broda

desctree

Hawaiian Creole: braddah
→ English: braddah

Islander Creole English: broda

Italian: bro

Kabuverdianu: bróda

Krio: brohda

Nicaraguan Creole: brada

Nigerian Pidgin: broda

Pichinglis: brɔda

Pijin: brata

Saramaccan: baáa

Sranan Tongo: brada
Aukan: baala
Saramaccan: baaa
→ Dutch: brada

Tok Pisin: brata, barata

→ Japanese: ブラザー

→ Korean: 브라더 (beuradeo)

→ Portuguese: brada, brother

PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
Inherited from Middle English brother, from Old English brōþor, from Proto-West Germanic *brōþer, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of bhai, bru, frater, friar, pal, and vai.

弟弟

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

ağa

elder brother; in the northern dialect: aqa

ах дүү

brothers in general but including both elder and younger brothers

[Michael Jackson] went on television and said, “I don't have sex because of my religious beliefs”, and the public believed it. I know brothers was like “get the fuck out of here!”. And white people, “Michael's a special kinda guy!”

1987, Eddie Murphy Raw, spoken by Eddie Murphy:

SPIN: Aren't you both as popular with white people as black people?
L.L.: Oh, no question. But I've always said, that's why when people say, "L.L., hey, like, on the last album, you sold out," I say, "Yo, can I ask you a question, Mike Tyson sell out?" "No, he's a brother." I say, he's a cross-over artist. He went pop. You know what I'm saying? I mean, the rap audience [...] they have to understand that their music is for all people. Me personally, I don't think it's about being black or white, […]

1991 January, SPIN, volume 6, number 10, page 58:

The white cop grilled me. He was tall, but had a stomach like a pregnant woman. The other two were brothers, and they looked like they just didn't wanna be standing there.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 148:

But damn if they knew when to just leave a brother alone and let him sulk in silence.

(African-American Vernacular) A fellow black man.


brother

enm-noun

brother (plural brether or brethren or brotheren or (rare) brothers, genitive brother or brothers)

brether (plural)
brethren (plural)
brotheren (plural)
brothers (plural rare)
brother (genitive)
brothers (genitive)

English: brother (see there for further descendants)

Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder

Yola: brover, brower

From Old English brōþor, from Proto-West Germanic *brōþer, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of frere.

Nu bꝛoþerr Wallterr bꝛoþerr min / Affterr þe flæſheſſ kinde / ⁊ broþerr min i Criſſtendom / Þurrh fulluhht ⁊ þurrh trowwþe […]

c. 1200, Ormin, “Dedication”, in Ormulum, lines 1–4:

Now, brother Walter, my brother / by way of blood relation / and my brother in Christendom / through baptising and through faith […]

A brother or brother-in-law; a male sibling.

I ioon ȝoure bꝛoþer ⁊ partener in tribulacioun ⁊ kingdom ⁊ pacience in criſt iheſu .· was in an ile þat is clepid pathmos · foꝛ þe woꝛd of god · ⁊ foꝛ þe witneſſyng of iheſu

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:9, page 117v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

I, John, your brother and partner in tribulation, the Kingdom, and endurance in Jesus Christ, was on an island that's called Patmos for the word of God and for the witnessing of Jesus.

A (Christian) man (i.e. as a "brother in life/brother in Christ").

A male individual who one has a close platonic relationship with.

(rare) A relative or family member who is a man.


son

From Middle English sonn, sone, sun, sune, from Old English sunu (“son”), from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bear; give birth”).

па

a male person in relation to his parents

Before the birth of the man's child, he said: "I want a son, not a daughter."

From what conſummate vertue I have choſe / This perfect Man, by merit call'd my Son,

1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 10, lines 165-166:

A male adopted person in relation to his adoptive parents.

Eli called Samuel his son. Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift.

1832, Noah Webster, “SON”, in A Dictionary of the English Language Intended to Exhibit the Origin of Words, the Orthography and Definitions: in Two Volumes · Volume 2:

A male person who has such a close relationship with an older or otherwise more authoritative person that he can be regarded as a son of the other person.

Son, can't you see that she's just a little girl?

1984, “Working on the Highway”, in Bruce Springsteen (music), Born in the U.S.A.:

Shepard: Stay with me. We're almost through this.
Admiral Anderson: You did good, son. You did good. I'm proud of you.
Shepard: Thank you, sir. Anderson?

2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel:

A familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person.


son

From Spanish son (literally “tone, sound”).

When son first emerged in the streets of Havana, in the early twentieth century, it was shut down by the police, as were most forms of African culture. Son groups, conjuntos, caught playing on the street, as was the tradition, had their instruments confiscated.

2017, Mark Kurlansky, Havana: A Subtropical Delirium, Bloomsbury, →ISBN:

(music) Son cubano, a genre of music and dance blending Spanish and African elements that originated in Cuba during the late 19th century.


grandfather

The noun is derived from Middle English grandfadre, graundfadir, graunfadir, grauntfader, and other forms, from graunt (“big, large; great, important”) + fā̆der (“male parent, father; remoter male ancestor”), probably modelled after Middle French grandpere, grant pere (“male parent; remoter male ancestor”) (whence French grand-père); the English word is analysable as grand- + father. Superseded earlier eldfather, elderfather. The verb is derived from the noun.

/ˈɡɹændˌfɑːðə/

/ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/

[ˈɡɹ̠(ʷ)ẽˑə̯̃n(d)ˌfɑˑðɚ]

you kiss your grandfather with that mouth

Brethren: Here is the pipe which your grandfathers used to smoke with when they met together in councils of peace. And here is some of that good tobacco, prepared for our grandfathers from God:—When you shall taste of it, you shall feel it through all your body; and it will put you in remembrance of the good councils your grandfathers used to hold with the English, your brethren, and that ancient friendship they had together.

1758 November 25, [Israel Daniel Rupp], “[No. XI.] Post’s Second Journal, 1758. The Second Journal of Christian Frederick Post, on a Message from the Governor of Pennsylvania, to the Indians of the Ohio, in the Latter Part of the Same Year.”, in Early History of Western Pennsylvania, and of the West, […], Pittsburgh, Pa.: Published by A. P. Ingram, […]; Harrisburg, Pa.: Published by W. O. Hickok, published 1848, →OCLC, page 111:


grandson

Coordinate term: granddaughter

(either son’s or daughter’s son) źiśisyn


uncle

Bislama: angkel

→ Burmese: အန်ကယ် (ankai)

⇒ Chinese: 安哥 (āngē)

→ Hawaiian: ʻanakala

→ Hindi: अंकल (aṅkal)

→ Irish: uncail

→ Scottish Gaelic: uncail

Tok Pisin: ankol

Torres Strait Creole: ankel

→ Welsh: wncl

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os
Latin avunculus
Old French unclebor.
Middle English uncle
English uncle
From Middle English uncle, borrowed from Anglo-Norman uncle and Old French oncle, from Vulgar Latin *aunclum, from Latin avunculus (“maternal uncle”, literally “little grandfather”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂euh₂-n-tlo- (“little grandfather”), a dialectal diminutive of *h₂éwh₂ō (“grandfather, adult male relative other than one’s father”) (whence also Latin avus (“grandfather”)). Displaced native Middle English em (“uncle”) from Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”), containing the same Proto-Indo-European root, and Old English fædera (“paternal uncle”). Compare Saterland Frisian Unkel (“uncle”), Dutch nonkel (“uncle”), German Low German Unkel (“uncle”), German Onkel (“uncle”), Danish onkel (“uncle”). More at eam and eame.

der

And it was while all were passionately intent upon the pleasing and snake-like progress of their uncle that a young girl in furs, ascending the stairs two at a time, peeped perfunctorily into the nursery as she passed the hallway—and halted amazed.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 14:

The brother or brother-in-law of one’s parent.

ungji

brother (or brother-in-law) of someone’s parent

свако

last two may also apply to the husband of the paternal aunt

(euphemistic) Used as a title for the male companion to one's (usually unmarried) parent.

(especially in the Southern US, parts of UK and South Asia) An affectionate term for a man of an older generation than oneself, especially a friend of one's parents, by means of fictive kin.

дзя́дзька

form of address to a man by young people or children in some countries

Plain old uncle as he [Socrates] was, with his great ears, — an immense talker.

1850, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Representative Men:

(Southern US, slang, archaic) An older African-American male.

(Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Brunei, informal) Any middle-aged or elderly man older than the speaker and/or listener.


uncle

English: uncle (see there for further descendants)

Scots: uncle

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman uncle, from Vulgar Latin *aunclum, from Latin avunculus.


uncle

From Middle English uncle, borrowed from Anglo-Norman uncle and Old French oncle, from Vulgar Latin *aunclum, from Latin avunculus (“maternal uncle”, literally “little grandfather”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₂-n-tlo- (“little grandfather”), a dialectal diminutive of *h₂éwh₂ō (“grandfather, adult male relative other than one’s father”) (whence also Latin avus (“grandfather”)).


nephew

From Middle English nevew, neveu (“nephew, grandson”), from Old French neveu, from Latin nepos, nepōtem, from Proto-Italic *nepōts (“nephew, grandson”), whence also French neveu, Italian nipote. Displaced or absorbed the inherited English neve (“nephew, grandson, male cousin”), from Middle English neve, from Old English nefa, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô (“nephew, grandson”), whence Dutch neef, German Neffe. All ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *népōts (“grandchild, sister's son”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian nećak, Irish nia, Persian نوه (nave).
Spelt with -ph- by readaptation to Latin nepos since the 15th century, which later triggered the spelling pronunciation with /f/.

der

A son of one's sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either a son of one's brother (fraternal nephew) or a son of one's sister (sororal nephew).

neef

fraternal or sororal nephew — see also fraternal nephew, sororal nephew


cousin

fr-noun

cousin m (plural cousins, feminine cousine)

→ Turkish: kuzen

Inherited from Middle French cousin, from Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] , from Latin cōnsobrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsobīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).

inh

Mon cousin et son fils sont venus me voir.


father-in-law

en-noun

father-in-law (plural fathers-in-law or (colloquial, nonstandard) father-in-laws)

fathers-in-law (plural)
father-in-laws (colloquial nonstandard plural)

/ˈfɑːðəɹɪnˌlɔː/

From Middle English fader in lawe, fadyr-in-lay, fader yn lawe, equivalent to father + -in-law.

`Yes,` replied Snawley. `The fact is, I am not their father, Mr Squeers. I'm only their father-in-law.`

1839, Charles Dickens, chapter IV, in Nicholas Nickleby, →ISBN, page 41:


brother-in-law

brother-in-law (plural brothers-in-law or (archaic) brethren-in-law or (colloquial, nonstandard) brother-in-laws)

brothers-in-law (plural)
brethren-in-law (archaic plural)
brother-in-laws (colloquial nonstandard plural)

/ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɔ/

/ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɑ/

/ˈbɹʌðəɹ ɪn ˌlɔː/

From Middle English brother-in-lawe; equivalent to brother + -in-law.

bilas nga lalaki (sa igsoong babaye sa bana)

義兄弟

husband's elder or younger sister's husband

bilas nga lalaki (sa igsoong babaye sa asawa)

義兄弟

wife's elder or younger sister's husband

A male relative of one's generation, separated by one degree of marriage:

He was appalled by trench conditions and the prolongation of the war, a disillusionment further encouraged by the Easter rising, in which his brother-in-law, Francis Sheehy-Skeffington (qv), was murdered by a deranged Anglo–Irish officer, J. C. Bowen-Colthurst (qv).

2009, Donal Lowry, “Kettle, Thomas Michael (‘Tom’)”, in Dictionary of Irish Biography, Cambridge University Press:

(uncommon) Co-brother-in-law: A male relative of one's generation, separated by two degrees of marriage:

The husband of the sibling of one's spouse.

The brother of the spouse of one's sibling.


son-in-law

son-in-law (plural sons-in-law or (colloquial, nonstandard) son-in-laws)

sons-in-law (plural)
son-in-laws (colloquial nonstandard plural)

/ˈsʌnɪnˌlɔː/

From Middle English sone in lawe; equivalent to son + -in-law.

12 ¶ And the men said vnto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? sonne in law, and thy sonnes, and thy daughters, and whatsoeuer thou hast in the citie, bring them out of this place.
13 For we will destroy this place, because the crie of them is waxen great before the face of the LORD: and the LORD hath sent vs to destroy it.
14 And Lot went out, and spake vnto his sonnes in law, which married his daughters, and said, Up, get yee out of this place: for the LORD wil destroy this citie: but hee seemed as one that mocked, vnto his sonnes in law.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 19:12–14:


abavus

la-noun

abavus m (genitive abavī); second declension

abavī (genitive)
abavus (nominative singular)
abavī (nominative plural)
abavī (genitive singular)
abavōrum (genitive plural)
abavō (dative singular)
abavīs (dative plural)
abavum (accusative singular)
abavōs (accusative plural)
abavō (ablative singular)
abavīs (ablative plural)
abave (singular vocative)
abavī (plural vocative)

Abavus dicitur, quia abest ab avo, & est avus avi

c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De verborum significatione

Great-great-grandfather he's called, for he's distant from the grandfather & is the grandfather of the grandfather.


ba

The sound is very commonly made by infants, and is interpreted by parents as a reference to themselves.

(colloquial and in direct address) Father, baba.


ba

Compare with Yoruba bàbá, Ekiti Yoruba àbá, Ekiti Yoruba bà, Ondo Yoruba bàí, Yoruba ụba, Owo Yoruba iba


uba

head

uba (IIb class pluriform, plural uba-itá, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Inherited from Old Tupi uba, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).

(archaic) dad, father (one's male parent)


uba

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (cousin of one's father)


amỹîa

head

amỹîa (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tamỹîa, R1 ramỹîa, R2 tamỹîa)

O pap cheramouyn maè pouaire aitih.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 132:

I've thrown away all my ancestors old belongings.


dada

Imitative of a child's first syllables; see dad.

onomatopoeic

Imitative


mama

father’s older brother or close male friend; uncle


did

dȉd (canonical masculine)
ди̏д (Cyrillic)
dȉd (nominative singular)
dìdovi (nominative plural)
didi (nominative plural)
dida (genitive singular)
didova (genitive plural)
dida (genitive plural)
didu (dative singular)
didovima (dative plural)
didima (dative plural)
dida (accusative singular)
didove (accusative plural)
dide (accusative plural)
dide (singular vocative)
didovi (plural vocative)
didi (plural vocative)
didu (locative singular)
didovima (locative plural)
didima (locative plural)
didom (instrumental singular)
didovima (instrumental plural)
didima (instrumental plural)


sin

sȋn (canonical masculine)
си̑н (Cyrillic)
sȋn (nominative singular)
sȉnovi (nominative plural)
sȋna (genitive singular)
sȉnōvā (genitive plural)
sȋnu (dative singular)
sȉnovima (dative plural)
sȋna (accusative singular)
sȉnove (accusative plural)
sȋne (singular vocative)
sȉnovi (plural vocative)
sínu (locative singular)
sȉnovima (locative plural)
sȋnom (instrumental singular)
sȉnovima (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


sin

sȉn (canonical masculine)
си̏н (Cyrillic)
sin (nominative singular)
sini (nominative plural)
sina (genitive singular)
sina (genitive plural)
sinu (dative singular)
sinima (dative plural)
sina (accusative singular)
sine (accusative plural)
sine (singular vocative)
sini (plural vocative)
sinu (locative singular)
sinima (locative plural)
sinom (instrumental singular)
sinima (instrumental plural)


sin

sȋn (animate canonical masculine)
sin (nominative singular)
sinova (dual nominative)
sinovi (nominative plural)
sin (accusative singular)
sinu (accusative singular)
sinova (accusative dual)
sinove (accusative plural)
sina (genitive singular)
sinov (dual genitive)
sinov (genitive plural)
sinu (dative singular)
sinovoma (dative dual)
sinovom (dative plural)
sinu (locative singular)
sinovih (dual locative)
sinovih (locative plural)
sinom (instrumental singular)
sinovoma (dual instrumental)
sinovi (instrumental plural)


bir

sq-noun

bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)

bij (plural)
biri (definite)
bijtë (definite plural)
bir (indefinite nominative singular)
biri (definite nominative singular)
bij (indefinite nominative plural)
bijtë (definite nominative plural)
bir (accusative indefinite singular)
birin (accusative definite singular)
bij (accusative indefinite plural)
bijtë (accusative definite plural)
biri (dative indefinite singular)
birit (dative definite singular)
bijve (dative indefinite plural)
bijve (dative definite plural)
biri (ablative indefinite singular)
birit (ablative definite singular)
bijsh (ablative indefinite plural)
bijve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)). Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”).


far

faren (definite singular)
fedrar (indefinite plural)
fedrane (definite plural)
ein fâr (indefinite singular)
fâren (definite singular)
feder (indefinite plural)
fedrar (indefinite plural)
federne (definite plural)
fedrarne (fedrane) (definite plural)
fedrane (definite plural)
ein far (indefinite singular)
faren (definite singular)

Inherited from Old Norse faðir, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Compare longer version fader.


fear

head

fear m (genitive singular fir, nominative plural fir)

fir (genitive singular)
fir (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
fear (indefinite singular)
fir (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a fhir (indefinite singular)
a fheara (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
fir (indefinite singular)
fear (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an fear (definite singular)
na fir (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an fhir (definite singular)
na bhfear (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bhfear (definite singular)
don fhear (definite singular)
leis na fir (definite plural)

From Old Irish fer, from Proto-Celtic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós.
Cognate with Welsh gŵr, Breton gour, Cornish gour, Gaulish viros, Latin vir, Sanskrit वीर (vīra), Lithuanian výras, Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), and Old English wer.


syn

syn (nominative singular)
synové (nominative plural)
syna (genitive singular)
synů (genitive plural)
synovi (dative singular)
synu (dative singular)
synům (dative plural)
syna (accusative singular)
syny (accusative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
synové (plural vocative)
synovi (locative singular)
synu (locative singular)
synech (locative plural)
synem (instrumental singular)
syny (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech syn, from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Coordinate term: dcera


syn

csb-noun

syn m pers (diminutive synk or synulk, related adjective sënowsczi)

synk (diminutive)
synulk (diminutive)
sënowsczi (adjective)
syn (nominative singular)
sënowie (nominative plural)
sëna (genitive singular)
sënów (genitive plural)
sënowi (dative singular)
sënóm (dative plural)
sëna (accusative singular)
sënów (accusative plural)
sëna (instrumental singular)
sënama (instrumental plural)
sënie (locative singular)
sënach (locative plural)
sënie (singular vocative)
syn (singular vocative)
sënowie (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: córka

son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)


syn

synk (diminutive)
syn (nominative singular)
syna (dual nominative)
syny (nominative plural)
syna (genitive singular)
synowu (dual genitive)
synow (genitive plural)
synoju (dative singular)
synoma (dative dual)
synam (dative plural)
syna (accusative singular)
synowu (accusative dual)
syny (accusative plural)
synow (accusative plural)
synom (instrumental singular)
synoma (dual instrumental)
synami (instrumental plural)
synje (locative singular)
synoma (dual locative)
synach (locative plural)


syn

pl-noun

syn m pers (diminutive synek, related adjective synowski)

synek (diminutive)
synowski (adjective)
syn (nominative singular)
synowie (nominative plural)
syny (derogatory nominative plural)
syna (genitive singular)
synów (genitive plural)
synowi (dative singular)
synom (dative plural)
syna (accusative singular)
synów (accusative plural)
synem (instrumental singular)
synami (instrumental plural)
synu (locative singular)
synach (locative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
synowie (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: córka


syn

szl-noun

syn m pers (diminutive synek, related adjective synowy)

synek (diminutive)
synowy (adjective)
syn (nominative singular)
synowie (nominative plural)
syna (genitive singular)
synōw (genitive plural)
synowi (dative singular)
synōm (dative plural)
syna (accusative singular)
synōw (accusative plural)
synym (instrumental singular)
synami (instrumental plural)
synōma (instrumental plural)
synu (locative singular)
synach (locative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
synowie (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: cera


syn

synček (diminutive)
syn (nominative singular)
synovia (nominative plural)
syna (genitive singular)
synov (genitive plural)
synovi (dative singular)
synom (dative plural)
syna (accusative singular)
synov (accusative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
synovia (plural vocative)
synovi (locative singular)
synoch (locative plural)
synom (instrumental singular)
synmi (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Slovak syn, from Proto-Slavic *synъ.

Coordinate term: dcéra


genitor

la-noun

genitor m (genitive genitōris, feminine genetrīx or genitrīx); third declension

genitōris (genitive)
genetrīx (feminine)
genitrīx (feminine)
genitor (nominative singular)
genitōrēs (nominative plural)
genitōris (genitive singular)
genitōrum (genitive plural)
genitōrī (dative singular)
genitōribus (dative plural)
genitōrem (accusative singular)
genitōrēs (accusative plural)
genitōre (ablative singular)
genitōribus (ablative plural)
genitor (singular vocative)
genitōrēs (plural vocative)

English: genitor

French: géniteur

Friulian: genitôr

Ido: genitoro

Italian: genitore

Ladino: jenitor (זﬞיניטור)

Portuguese: genitor

Romansch: genitur

Sicilian: genituri, ginituri

Spanish: genitor

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tōr (“parent”). Equivalent to genō + -tor.

subiit cārī genitōris imāgō

“the thought of [my] dear father came to mind”

ecce deûm genitor rutilās per nūbila flammās spargit

Behold the father of the gods scattering his reddening flames through the clouds

parent, father, sire, begetter, procreator


兄

→ Lao: ເຮຍ (hīa)

→ Thai: เฮีย (hiia)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 口 + 儿 to convey the idea of giving orders. The original meaning of "elder brother" refers to the fact that the elder brother gives order to the younger brothers and his sisters. Compare 令, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders. Similar to 欠, in which there is a kneeling man with an open mouth.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Related to 孟 (OC *mraːŋs, “great; eldest brother; first”); see there for more.
Schuessler (2007), instead, connects it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔwyik (“elder sibling”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“elder brother”).
Alternatively, Benedict (1972) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), which is possibly also related to 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “paternal uncle; eldest brother”).

och-l

(Hokkien, familiar) respectful honorific used after a name for an elder brother or any male senior: Mister; Brother


婿

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sŋeːs): semantic 女 + phonetic 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ).
Attested in Qin materials as ⿰士咠, which is of semantic 士 + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib); the phonetic part is later conflated into 胥 (Li, 2022).
Reminiscent of Proto-South-Bahnaric *saːj (“to marry; spouse”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The Standard Mandarin pronunciation xù is due to rounding assimilation in the word 女婿 (nǚxu), which generalized to the character reading (Zhou, 1997).


季

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 禾 + 子.
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

雨季

淡季


stepfather

From Middle English stepfader, from Old English stēopfæder, from Proto-Germanic *steupafadēr (“stepfather”), equivalent to step- + father.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stäiffoar (“stepfather”), Dutch stiefvader (“stepfather”), German Low German Steevvader (“stepfather”), German Stiefvater (“stepfather”), Swedish styvfar (“stepfather”), Icelandic stjúpfaðir (“stepfather”).

cog

In suboptimal cases the gynaecologist takes sperm from anonymous donors. In this case the husband can only be stepfather of the child.

2015, Werner A. Mueller, Monika Hassel, Maura Grealy, Development and Reproduction in Humans and Animal Model Species, Springer, →ISBN, page 188, column 2:

Telegony or Inheritance from the Stepfather
The earliest reference to telegony ( which has no connection with the son of Odysseus ) is supposed to be in 1665 but the classical case is that described in the Philosophical Transactions of[…]

1953, Cyril Dean Darlington, The Facts of Life, page 433:

(in the broad sense) The husband of one's parent distinct from one's biological father or person with a similar relationship.


brat

brat (nominative singular)
bratowie (nominative plural)
bracë (nominative plural)
bracô (nominative plural)
brata (genitive singular)
bratów (genitive plural)
bracy (genitive plural)
bratu (dative singular)
bratowi (dative singular)
bratóm (dative plural)
bracóm (dative plural)
brata (accusative singular)
bratów (accusative plural)
bracy (accusative plural)
bratã (instrumental singular)
bratama (instrumental plural)
brace (locative singular)
bratach (locative plural)
brace (singular vocative)
bratowie (plural vocative)
bracë (plural vocative)
bracô (plural vocative)


brat

pl-noun

brat m pers (diminutive braciszek, abbreviation br. or b.)

braciszek (diminutive)
br. (abbreviation)
b. (abbreviation)
brat (nominative singular)
bracia (nominative plural)
brata (genitive singular)
braci (genitive plural)
bratu (dative singular)
braciom (dative plural)
brata (accusative singular)
braci (accusative plural)
bratem (instrumental singular)
braćmi (instrumental plural)
bracie (locative singular)
braciach (locative plural)
bracie (singular vocative)
bracia (plural vocative)

kochajmy się jak bracia, liczmy się jak Żydzi

Coordinate term: siostra

przyrodni brat

(family) brother (male having at least one parent in common with another)

(religion) brother (member of a men's religious order)

brother (male companion or friend, usually with the same interests, experience, views, etc.)

brother endearing term of address for a male


brat

sh-noun

brȁt m (Cyrillic spelling бра̏т, diminutive brȁtić, relational adjective bràtskī)

brȁt (canonical masculine)
бра̏т (Cyrillic)
brȁtić (diminutive)
bràtskī (adjective relational)
brat (nominative singular)
brata (genitive singular)
bratu (dative singular)
brata (accusative singular)
brate (singular vocative)
bratu (locative singular)
bratom (instrumental singular)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

brother, mate, pal, buddy when used in informal speech to address somebody in the vocative


brat

bracik (diminutive)
brat (nominative singular)
braciŏ (nominative plural)
brata (genitive singular)
bratōw (genitive plural)
bratowi (dative singular)
bratōm (dative plural)
brata (accusative singular)
bratōw (accusative plural)
bratym (instrumental singular)
bratami (instrumental plural)
bratōma (instrumental plural)
bracie (locative singular)
bratach (locative plural)
bracie (singular vocative)
braciŏ (plural vocative)


brat

sk-noun

brat m pers (relational adjective bratský, diminutive braček)

bratský (adjective relational)
braček (diminutive)
nominative
brat (singular)
bratia (plural)
genitive
brata (singular)
bratov (plural)
dative
bratovi (singular)
bratom (plural)
accusative
vocative
brate (singular)
bratu (singular)
locative
bratoch (plural)
instrumental
bratom (singular)
bratmi (plural)

brother (son of the same parents as another person)


brat

brȁt (animate canonical masculine)
brȁt (nominative singular)
bráta (dual nominative)
brátje (nominative plural)
bráti (nominative plural)
bráta (genitive singular)
brātov (dual genitive)
brātov (genitive plural)
brátu (dative singular)
bráti (dative singular)
brātu (dative singular)
brátoma (dative dual)
brátama (dative dual)
brátom (dative plural)
brátam (dative plural)
bráta (accusative singular)
bráta (accusative dual)
bráte (accusative plural)
brātu (locative singular)
bráti (locative singular)
brātih (dual locative)
brātah (dual locative)
brātih (locative plural)
brātah (locative plural)
brátom (instrumental singular)
brátoma (dual instrumental)
brátama (dual instrumental)
brāti (instrumental plural)
brȁt (singular vocative)
brate (singular vocative)
brȃta (dual vocative)
brȃti (plural vocative)

vowel lengthening, ending -je in nominative plural


父

From Old Japanese 父 (titi), from Proto-Japonic *titi.
Still in modern usage.

父上

honourable father; chichiue, term in respect primarily used in writing

父親

father; chichioya, specifically as someone's parent


爹

→ Khmer: ទៀ (tiə)

→ Thai: เตี่ย (dtìia)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *daːʔ, *tjaː): semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl).
Possibly from Proto-Turkic *ata (“father”) and cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /ata/) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011)

Han compound

(regional, honorific) old man; grandpa; granddad


甥

甥 (canonical)
oi (romanization)
wofi (romanization)
をひ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wopUi.
Attested in the Ryūnoshūge of 868 with the phonetic spelling 俗備 (⟨wopi₂⟩).


舅

/sihi1to2/: [shipitwo] → [shiɸitwo] → [shiɸito]. See next entry.


舅

舅 (canonical)
shūto (romanization)
siuto (romanization)
しうと (hiragana historical)

From shihito: [shipitwo] → [shiɸitwo] → [shiɸito] → [shiɸuto] → [shiwuto] → [shiuto] → [shuːto].


em

English: eam, eme (dialectal)

Scots: eme

Inherited from Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”), from Proto-West Germanic *auhaim, from Proto-Germanic *awahaimaz.


sn

Demotic:  (sn)

Coptic: ⲥⲟⲛ (son) (Sahidic, Bohairic), ⲥⲁⲛ (san) (Fayyumic, Akhmimic)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

Related to snwj (“two”). Compare with Migaama sin and Blin šan.

(by extension) any closely related male family member, such as a cousin, uncle, or nephew


pa

paw (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)

Coordinate term: ma


pa

A pa or Māori defence fortification appears at a height on the hill above the bay.

2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins, published 2021, page 68:

(New Zealand, now historical) A fortified Maori settlement, especially of pre-European times.

(New Zealand) Any Maori village or settlement; a kainga.


pa

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *paa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pa. Cognates include Chinese 爸 (bà) and Tibetan པ་ཕ (pa pha).


baba

As one of the first utterances many babies are able to say, baba (like mama, papa, and dada) has come to be used in many languages as a term for various family members:
* father: Albanian, Arabic, Western Armenian, Chinese, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Greek, Marathi, Mingrelian, Nepali, Persian, Swahili, Turkish, Yoruba, Shona, Zulu
* grandmother: many Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian, Russian, Czech and Polish), Romanian, Yiddish, Japanese
* grandfather: Azerbaijani, Zulu (father, grandfather)
* baby: Afrikaans, Sinhala, Hungarian
These terms often continue to be used by English speakers whose families came from one of these cultures. In some cases, they may become more widely used in localities that have been heavily influenced by an immigrant community. Some senses were extensions of one of these family terms in the original languages ("old woman" from "grandmother", "holy man" from "father"). The "cake" sense comes through French, from Polish baba (“old woman”). The Middle Eastern word baba (as in Ali Baba) is rather a term of endearment, and is ultimately derived from Persian بابا (bābā, “father”) (from Old Persian pāpa; as opposed to the Arabic words أَبُو (ʔabū) and أَب (ʔab); see also Papak), and is linguistically related to the common European word papa and the word pope, having the same Indo-European origin. The Chinese word "baba", meaning father comes from 爸爸.

A kind of sponge cake soaked in rum-flavoured syrup.

While I was in Port Alberni, three babas came to Canada to raise money ...

1995, Hugh J.M. Johnston, Tara Singh Bains, The Four Quarters of the Night: The Life-Journey of an Emigrant Sikh:

But according to Ray, 'all the babas my uncle knew were genuine. None of them was exposed. They were fairly humble people, not show-offs like the Maharishi ...

2004, Andrew Robinson, Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker:

Most babas had little contact with written culture and are not therefore named in books and treatises.

2006, Suraiya Faroqhi, Subjects Of The Sultan: Culture And Daily Life In The Ottoman Empire:

(Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) A holy man, a spiritual leader.


baba

sq-noun

babá m (plural baballárë, definite babái)

babá (canonical masculine)
baballárë (plural)
babái (definite)

From Ottoman Turkish بابا (baba), whence Turkish baba.


baba

baba class IX (canonical)
baba class X (plural)


pop

en-noun

pop (countable and uncountable, plural pops)

From Middle English pop, poppe (“a blow; strike; buffet”) (> Middle English poppen (“to strike; thrust”, verb)), of onomatopoeic origin – used to describe the sound, or short, sharp actions. The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

cog

Lunch was sandwiches and a bottle of pop.

The best thing on the table was a tray full of bottles of lemon pop.

(uncountable, regional, Midwestern US, Canada, Inland Northern American, Midlands, Northwestern US, Western Pennsylvania, Northern England) An effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; soda pop.

Although they go by many names across the world freezer pop, ice-pole, pop stick icy-pole ice pop, tip top and ice candy but in the hoods of America they are known and respected as Freeze Pops. The pops are made by freezing flavored liquid such as sugar water, Kool-Aid or some form of fruit juice or purée inside a plastic tube - at least the kinds we ate.

2017, Kenny Attaway, Black Cream: A Handful of Sky & a Pocketful of Confetti:


pop

My pop used to tell me to do my homework every night.


mies

mies (nominative singular)
miehet (nominative plural)
mies (accusative nominative singular)
miehet (accusative nominative plural)
miehen (accusative genitive singular)
miehet (accusative genitive plural)
miehen (genitive singular)
miesten (genitive plural)
miehien (genitive plural)
miestä (partitive singular)
miehiä (partitive plural)
miehessä (inessive singular)
miehissä (inessive plural)
miehestä (elative singular)
miehistä (elative plural)
mieheen (illative singular)
miehiin (illative plural)
miehellä (adessive singular)
miehillä (adessive plural)
mieheltä (ablative singular)
miehiltä (ablative plural)
miehelle (allative singular)
miehille (allative plural)
miehenä (essive singular)
miehinä (essive plural)
mieheksi (singular translative)
miehiksi (plural translative)
miehettä (abessive singular)
miehittä (abessive plural)
miehin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mieheni (nominative singular)
mieheni (nominative plural)
mieheni (accusative nominative singular)
mieheni (accusative nominative plural)
mieheni (accusative genitive singular)
mieheni (accusative genitive plural)
mieheni (genitive singular)
miesteni (genitive plural)
miehieni (genitive plural)
miestäni (partitive singular)
miehiäni (partitive plural)
miehessäni (inessive singular)
miehissäni (inessive plural)
miehestäni (elative singular)
miehistäni (elative plural)
mieheeni (illative singular)
miehiini (illative plural)
miehelläni (adessive singular)
miehilläni (adessive plural)
mieheltäni (ablative singular)
miehiltäni (ablative plural)
miehelleni (allative singular)
miehilleni (allative plural)
miehenäni (essive singular)
miehinäni (essive plural)
miehekseni (singular translative)
miehikseni (plural translative)
miehettäni (abessive singular)
miehittäni (abessive plural)
miehineni (comitative plural)
miehesi (nominative singular)
miehesi (nominative plural)
miehesi (accusative nominative singular)
miehesi (accusative nominative plural)
miehesi (accusative genitive singular)
miehesi (accusative genitive plural)
miehesi (genitive singular)
miestesi (genitive plural)
miehiesi (genitive plural)
miestäsi (partitive singular)
miehiäsi (partitive plural)
miehessäsi (inessive singular)
miehissäsi (inessive plural)
miehestäsi (elative singular)
miehistäsi (elative plural)
mieheesi (illative singular)
miehiisi (illative plural)
miehelläsi (adessive singular)
miehilläsi (adessive plural)
mieheltäsi (ablative singular)
miehiltäsi (ablative plural)
miehellesi (allative singular)
miehillesi (allative plural)
miehenäsi (essive singular)
miehinäsi (essive plural)
mieheksesi (singular translative)
miehiksesi (plural translative)
miehettäsi (abessive singular)
miehittäsi (abessive plural)
miehinesi (comitative plural)
miehemme (nominative singular)
miehemme (nominative plural)
miehemme (accusative nominative singular)
miehemme (accusative nominative plural)
miehemme (accusative genitive singular)
miehemme (accusative genitive plural)
miehemme (genitive singular)
miestemme (genitive plural)
miehiemme (genitive plural)
miestämme (partitive singular)
miehiämme (partitive plural)
miehessämme (inessive singular)
miehissämme (inessive plural)
miehestämme (elative singular)
miehistämme (elative plural)
mieheemme (illative singular)
miehiimme (illative plural)
miehellämme (adessive singular)
miehillämme (adessive plural)
mieheltämme (ablative singular)
miehiltämme (ablative plural)
miehellemme (allative singular)
miehillemme (allative plural)
miehenämme (essive singular)
miehinämme (essive plural)
mieheksemme (singular translative)
miehiksemme (plural translative)
miehettämme (abessive singular)
miehittämme (abessive plural)
miehinemme (comitative plural)
miehenne (nominative singular)
miehenne (nominative plural)
miehenne (accusative nominative singular)
miehenne (accusative nominative plural)
miehenne (accusative genitive singular)
miehenne (accusative genitive plural)
miehenne (genitive singular)
miestenne (genitive plural)
miehienne (genitive plural)
miestänne (partitive singular)
miehiänne (partitive plural)
miehessänne (inessive singular)
miehissänne (inessive plural)
miehestänne (elative singular)
miehistänne (elative plural)
mieheenne (illative singular)
miehiinne (illative plural)
miehellänne (adessive singular)
miehillänne (adessive plural)
mieheltänne (ablative singular)
miehiltänne (ablative plural)
miehellenne (allative singular)
miehillenne (allative plural)
miehenänne (essive singular)
miehinänne (essive plural)
mieheksenne (singular translative)
miehiksenne (plural translative)
miehettänne (abessive singular)
miehittänne (abessive plural)
miehinenne (comitative plural)
miehensä (nominative singular)
miehensä (nominative plural)
miehensä (accusative nominative singular)
miehensä (accusative nominative plural)
miehensä (accusative genitive singular)
miehensä (accusative genitive plural)
miehensä (genitive singular)
miestensä (genitive plural)
miehiensä (genitive plural)
miestään (partitive singular)
miestänsä (partitive singular)
miehiään (partitive plural)
miehiänsä (partitive plural)
miehessään (inessive singular)
miehessänsä (inessive singular)
miehissään (inessive plural)
miehissänsä (inessive plural)
miehestään (elative singular)
miehestänsä (elative singular)
miehistään (elative plural)
miehistänsä (elative plural)
mieheensä (illative singular)
miehiinsä (illative plural)
miehellään (adessive singular)
miehellänsä (adessive singular)
miehillään (adessive plural)
miehillänsä (adessive plural)
mieheltään (ablative singular)
mieheltänsä (ablative singular)
miehiltään (ablative plural)
miehiltänsä (ablative plural)
miehelleen (allative singular)
miehellensä (allative singular)
miehilleen (allative plural)
miehillensä (allative plural)
miehenään (essive singular)
miehenänsä (essive singular)
miehinään (essive plural)
miehinänsä (essive plural)
miehekseen (singular translative)
mieheksensä (singular translative)
miehikseen (plural translative)
miehiksensä (plural translative)
miehettään (abessive singular)
miehettänsä (abessive singular)
miehittään (abessive plural)
miehittänsä (abessive plural)
miehineen (comitative plural)
miehinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *mees. Cognates include Estonian mees, Livonian mīez.

ei nimi miestä pahenna, jos ei mies nimeä

hullu mies Huittisista, syö enemmän kuin tienaa

miehen on mela kädessä, Jumala venettä viepi

mies se tulee räkänokastakin vaan ei tyhjän naurajasta

mies syö, mies saa, miehelle Jumalakin antaa

monena mies eläessään, koiranpaska kuoltuaan

terävä tekevän ase, tylsä veitsi tyhmän miehen

tina on kulta köyhän miehen, vaski vaivaisen hopea

tulee mies merentakainen, ei tule turpeen alainen


kinsman

From Middle English kynnesman, equivalent to kin + -s- + -man.

And I, the nearest kinsman of the Earl of Windsor, was to propose his election.

1826, [Mary Shelley], chapter VI, in The Last Man. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 194:


stepson

From Middle English stepsone, stepsune, from Old English stēopsunu (“stepson”), from Proto-Germanic *steupasunuz (“stepson”), equivalent to step- + son.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stäifsuun (“stepson”), West Frisian styfsoan (“stepson”), Dutch stiefzoon (“stepson”), German Low German Steevsöhn (“stepson”), German Stiefsohn (“stepson”), Danish stedsøn (“stepson”), Swedish styvson (“stepson”), Icelandic stjúpsonur (“stepson”).

The son of one's spouse from a previous relationship.


stepbrother

en-noun

stepbrother (plural stepbrothers or (obsolete) stepbrethren)

stepbrothers (plural)
stepbrethren (obsolete plural)

The stepson of one's parent who is not one's half-brother.


half brother

half brother (plural half brothers or half brethren)

half brothers (plural)
half brethren (plural)

/ˌhæfˈbɹʌðɚ/

From Middle English half-brother, equivalent to half- + brother. Cognate with Dutch halfbroer (“halfbrother”), German Halbbruder (“halfbrother”), Danish halvbroder (“halfbrother”), Swedish halvbroder, halvbror (“halfbrother”), Icelandic hálfbróðir (“halfbrother”).

A male sibling sharing a single parent, as distinguished from a full brother or brother-german, from a step-brother, or from a brother-like figure such as a blood brother.

同母異父 /同母异父

son of the same mother but a different father

同父異母 /同父异母

son of the same father but a different mother


half-brother

half-brother (plural half-brothers or half-brethren)

half-brothers (plural)
half-brethren (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-half-brother.wav


papa

popper (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

From French papa, from Middle French papa, from Old French papa, from Latin papa, probably originally a reduplicated imitation of a child's early efforts at vocalising Latin pater (“father”). Compare Ancient Greek πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

onomatopoeic

imitation

cog

(informal) A pet name for one's grandfather.


papa

From Middle French papa, child-speak, syllable-repetitive; compare maman.

onomatopoeic

repetitive

pops, any man of roughly fatherly age and appearance


papa

papák (plural)
papa (nominative singular)
papák (nominative plural)
papát (accusative singular)
papákat (accusative plural)
papának (dative singular)
papáknak (dative plural)
papával (instrumental singular)
papákkal (instrumental plural)
papáért (causal-final singular)
papákért (causal-final plural)
papává (singular translative)
papákká (plural translative)
papáig (singular terminative)
papákig (plural terminative)
papaként (essive-formal singular)
papákként (essive-formal plural)
papában (inessive singular)
papákban (inessive plural)
papán (singular superessive)
papákon (plural superessive)
papánál (adessive singular)
papáknál (adessive plural)
papába (illative singular)
papákba (illative plural)
papára (singular sublative)
papákra (plural sublative)
papához (allative singular)
papákhoz (allative plural)
papából (elative singular)
papákból (elative plural)
papáról (delative singular)
papákról (delative plural)
papától (ablative singular)
papáktól (ablative plural)
papáé (singular)
papáké (plural)
papáéi (singular)
papákéi (plural)
papám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
papáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
papád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
papáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
papája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
papái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
papánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
papáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
papátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
papáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
papájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
papáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


papa

Borrowed from English papa, French papa, German Papa, Italian papà, Russian па́па (pápa), Spanish papá.


papa

papa (nominative singular)
papat (nominative plural)
papan (genitive singular)
pappoin (genitive plural)
pappaa (partitive singular)
papoja (partitive plural)
pappaa (illative singular)
pappoi (illative plural)
papas (inessive singular)
papois (inessive plural)
papast (elative singular)
papoist (elative plural)
papalle (allative singular)
papoille (allative plural)
papal (adessive singular)
papoil (adessive plural)
papalt (ablative singular)
papoilt (ablative plural)
papaks (singular translative)
papoiks (plural translative)
papanna (essive singular)
pappaan (essive singular)
papoinna (essive plural)
pappoin (essive plural)
papant (exessive singular)
papoint (exessive plural)

Na, papa, kala.

1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva:

Siis papa sannoo meille:

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 46:


papa

la-noun

pāpa f (genitive pāpae); first declension

pāpa (canonical feminine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

A nursery word imitative of the movement of the infant's lips during eating. Compare English pap, German Papp, Hungarian papi, Polish papu. Also see the derivative pappō.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Cum cibum ac pōtiōnem "buās" ac "pāpās" vocent, mātrem "mammam", patrem "tatam".

Since children call food "papa" and drink “bua”, mother "mamma" and father "tata". (Nonius Marcellus, De Compendiosa Doctrina, 81 M, 2-4)

(childish) yum yum, num-num, food (especially pap)


papa

la-noun

pāpa m (genitive pāpae, feminine pāpissa); first declension

pāpa (canonical masculine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpissa (feminine)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: papë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pab

Middle Welsh: pap

Welsh: pab

→ Old Dutch: *papo

Middle Dutch: pape

Dutch: paap

→ Old English: pāpa (see there for further descendants)

→ Old French: pape (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: pápa

→ Old Irish: pápa

Irish: pápa

Scottish Gaelic: pàpa

→ Italian: papa
→ Turkish: papa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: papa

Galician: papa

Portuguese: papa
→ Swahili: papa

→ Romanian: papă

→ Spanish: papa
→ Tagalog: Papa

From early Byzantine Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests & bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

bor

The traditional exclamation in Rome after a papal election:

"Habemus papam!" ― "We have a [new] pope!"

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a pope (the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome)

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a patriarch (in primatial sees, notably Coptic Alexandria).


papa

papa (nominative singular)
papy (nominative plural)
papy (genitive singular)
pap (genitive plural)
papie (dative singular)
papom (dative plural)
papę (accusative singular)
papy (accusative plural)
papą (instrumental singular)
papami (instrumental plural)
papie (locative singular)
papach (locative plural)
papo (singular vocative)
papy (plural vocative)


papa

papa (canonical)
papá (canonical)
ᜉᜉ (Baybayin)

Each pronunciation has a different source:
* /paˈpa/ from Spanish papá, adapted from French papa
* /papa/ from Hokkien 爸爸 (pâ-pâ)
* /ˈpapa/ from English papa / poppa


papa

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual

bee (Apis mellifera) that collects honey


papa

name of the Baybayin letter ᜉ (pa), corresponding to "pa"


da

head

da (Sawndip forms 𭖯 or 㐲 or 𰁫 or ⿰老他 or ⿰口夛 or 他 or 她 or 大, 1957–1982 spelling da)

𭖯 (Sawndip)
㐲 (Sawndip)
𰁫 (Sawndip)
⿰老他 (Sawndip)
⿰口夛 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
她 (Sawndip)
大 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *taːᴬ (“maternal grandfather”). Cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Shan တႃ (tǎa), Bouyei dal.


paw

The word probably has an origin in baby talk: see ‘pa’.

par (non-rhotic, cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)

pa (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)


pater

Tok Pisin: pater

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Italic *patēr
Latin paterbor.
English pater
Borrowed from Latin pater (“father”). Doublet of ayr, faeder, father, padre, and père.

doublet

Coordinate term: mater

Burlington Bertie's the latest young jay
He rents a swell flat somewhere Kensington way
He spends the good oof that his pater has made
Along with the Brandy and Soda Brigade.

1900, Harry B. Norris (lyrics and music), “Burlington Bertie”:

The pater is the kindest-hearted old soul, but there are times when he hates me. I'm a thing which every decent middle-class person hates, a problem, like the unemployed, you know, or the ex-soldier. We are always in such a hurry to forget uncomfortable things, and I'm an uncomfortable thing. Poor old dad; he gets me at breakfast; he gets me in the morning paper.

1923, Warwick Deeping, The Secret Sanctuary, e-artnow, published 2021:

Strangled by the wishes of pater / Hoping for the arms of mater / Get to me the sooner or later

1985, Mick Hucknall, Neil Moss (lyrics and music), “Holding Back the Years”, in Picture Book, performed by Simply Red:


pater

la-noun

pater m (genitive patris); third declension

patris (genitive)
pater (nominative singular)
patrēs (nominative plural)
patris (genitive singular)
patrum (genitive plural)
patrī (dative singular)
patribus (dative plural)
patrem (accusative singular)
patrēs (accusative plural)
patre (ablative singular)
patribus (ablative plural)
pater (singular vocative)
patrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: pate

Old Italian: patre

Italian: padre
→ English: padre

Sicilian: patri

Western Romance:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: pèder, pär

Ligurian: paire, poæ

Old Lombard: patre

Lombard: pader, pare

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: patr′, paddö, pà, pätri

Piedmontese: pare, peri

Venetan: pare

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pâre

desctree

Old French: pere, pedre
Bourguignon: peire
Middle French: pere
French: père
→ Dutch: pere
→ English: père
Norman: père, pére, péthe
Walloon: pere

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: pá, pai, padre

Extremaduran: pairi

Leonese: pai

Mirandese: pai

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: pai

Old Galician-Portuguese: padre
Galician: padre
Portuguese: padre (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old Galician-Portuguese: pay
Galician: pai
Portuguese: pai (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: padre

Ladino:

Hebrew script: פאדרי

Latin script: padre

Spanish: padre
→ Chinese: 巴禮 /巴礼
→ Classical Nahuatl: padre
→ English: padre
→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: pa̱lej
→ Tagalog: pari

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: paire
Occitan: paire

Catalan: pare

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pari

Romansch: pader

→ Dutch: pater

→ English: pater
Tok Pisin: pater

→ Romanian: pater

→ Welsh: pader

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Italic *patēr
Latin pater
From Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. As a titular suffix, shares cognate roots with Old Latin Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), Latin Iuppiter (“Jupiter”).


frater

la-noun

frāter m (genitive frātris); third declension

frāter (canonical masculine)
frātris (genitive)
frāter (nominative singular)
frātrēs (nominative plural)
frātris (genitive singular)
frātrum (genitive plural)
frātrī (dative singular)
frātribus (dative plural)
frātrem (accusative singular)
frātrēs (accusative plural)
frātre (ablative singular)
frātribus (ablative plural)
frāter (singular vocative)
frātrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: frati, frate

Istro-Romanian: fråte

Romanian: frate

Dalmatian:

frutro

Italo-Romance:

Italian: frate
→ English: fra

Neapolitan: frate

Sicilian: frati

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: frade

North Italian:

Friulian: fradi

Istriot: fra

Old Piedmontese: frère, frer

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: frær

Old Ligurian: frae

Ligurian: fræ, frai

Lombard: frar

Romansch: frar

desc

Venetan: frade, brade (influenced by germanic)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: frâre

Old French: frere (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: frare

Old Occitan: fraire (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: frade

Galician: frade

Portuguese: frade

Old Spanish: fradre, frade (early)

Borrowings:

→? Albanian: frat

→ Dutch: frater (learned)

→ Indonesian: frater

→ English: frater (learned)

→ German: Frater (learned)

From Proto-Italic *frātēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


avus

la-noun

avus m (genitive avī); second declension

avī (genitive)
avus (nominative singular)
avī (nominative plural)
avī (genitive singular)
avōrum (genitive plural)
avō (dative singular)
avīs (dative plural)
avum (accusative singular)
avōs (accusative plural)
avō (ablative singular)
avīs (ablative plural)
ave (singular vocative)
avī (plural vocative)

⇒ Aromanian: aush

Catalan: avi

Spanish: abuelo

French: aïeul

Lombard: av, ev

Italian: avo

⇒ Portuguese: avô

⇒ Romanian: auș

Sardinian: abu, àviu, avu

Sicilian: avu

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os (“grandfather, uncle”).

inh

… māternō veniēns ab avō Cyllēnia prōlēs.

[... Mercury, that] child of [Mount] Cyllene, approaching from [the mountain of] his maternal grandfather, [Atlas].
(Mount Atlas is personified as the Titan Atlas, father of Maia, the mother of Mercury, who was born on Mount Cyllene.)


alumnus

la-noun

alumnus m (genitive alumnī, feminine alumna); second declension

alumnī (genitive)
alumna (feminine)
alumnus (nominative singular)
alumnī (nominative plural)
alumnī (genitive singular)
alumnōrum (genitive plural)
alumnō (dative singular)
alumnīs (dative plural)
alumnum (accusative singular)
alumnōs (accusative plural)
alumnō (ablative singular)
alumnīs (ablative plural)
alumne (singular vocative)
alumnī (plural vocative)

English: alumnus

Catalan: alumne

Italian: alunno

Portuguese: aluno

Romanian: alumn

Spanish: alumno

[äˈɫ̪ʊmnʊs̠]

* From Proto-Italic *alomanos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-o-mh₁no- (“being nourished”), mediopassive participle (see *-mh₁nos) of *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) (whence alō).
* Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) + *-mno- (see *-mn̥).

der

pervenit ad Cranēn et rem docet, illa ‘timōrem
pōne: tuus sospes’ dīxit ‘alumnus erit.’
She comes to Cranê and tells her what has happened; [and to] that, Cranê replies: “Put fear aside; your nursling will be unharmed.”
(A nurse-maid summons Cranê’s aid because a baby has been attacked by striges; however, Ovid in these verses conflates names and mythologies: see Cardea.)


Neffe

de-noun

Neffe m (weak, genitive Neffen, plural Neffen, feminine Nichte)

Neffen (genitive)
Neffen (plural)
Nichte (feminine)
Neffe (nominative singular)
Neffen (definite nominative plural)
Neffen (genitive singular)
Neffen (definite genitive plural)
Neffen (dative singular)
Neffen (dative definite plural)
Neffen (accusative singular)
Neffen (accusative definite plural)

→? German Low German: Neffe

From Middle High German neve, from Old High German nefo, nevo, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô. Cognate with Dutch neef, obsolete English neve. Further from Proto-Indo-European *népōts, whence English nephew, which see for more.
The form with -ff- is irregular and was spread by Luther. The development -v- → -ff- before a sonorant (here the n of the inflected forms) is also found in Early Modern German Offen, Freffel for Ofen, Frevel, and frequently in Low German; compare Middle Low German effen, gaffel, neffel, neffen for even, gavel, nevel, neven (the last in the sense of “next to”).

noncog

nephew (son of one's sibling or sibling-in-law)


zio

it-noun

zio m (plural zii, feminine zia, augmentative (uncommon) zióne, diminutive-endearing ziétto or (less common) ziìno or ziùccio)

zii (plural)
zia (feminine)
zióne (augmentative uncommon)

Inherited from Late Latin thius, from Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos). Compare Spanish tío, Portuguese tio, Sicilian ziu, Sardinian tiu or tziu, Venetan sio.


zet

zȅt (canonical masculine)
зе̏т (Cyrillic)
zet (nominative singular)
zetovi (nominative plural)
zeta (genitive singular)
zetova (genitive plural)
zetu (dative singular)
zetovima (dative plural)
zeta (accusative singular)
zetove (accusative plural)
zete (singular vocative)
zetovi (plural vocative)
zetu (locative singular)
zetovima (locative plural)
zetom (instrumental singular)
zetovima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zętь, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.

brother-in-law (husband of one's sibling)


zet

zȅt (animate canonical masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
zèt (nominative singular)
zéta (dual nominative)
zétje (nominative plural)
zéti (nominative plural)
zéta (genitive singular)
zétov (dual genitive)
zétov (genitive plural)
zétu (dative singular)
zétoma (dative dual)
zétom (dative plural)
zéta (accusative singular)
zéta (accusative dual)
zéte (accusative plural)
zétu (locative singular)
zétih (dual locative)
zétih (locative plural)
zétom (instrumental singular)
zétoma (dual instrumental)
zéti (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Slavic *zętь, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.


neve

From Middle English neve, neave, from Old English nefa (“nephew, grandson”), from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô (“nephew”), from Proto-Indo-European *népōts. Today mostly displaced by its cognate nephew (from Old French neveu). Compare nift (“niece”).

Iwein considers it his right and duty to avenge his neve, and is much exercised when Artûs proposes to go to the well with his full strength, for he apprehends that the king will give the distinction of the combat to his sister's son Gâwein.

1920, Wilhelm Robert Richard Pinger, Laurence Sterne and Goethe:


nonno

(informal) A grandfather, especially one with Italian ancestry.


nonno

nonno m (plural nonni, feminine nonna, diminutive nonnétto or nonnìno, pejorative nonnàccio, endearing nonnùccio)

nonni (plural)
nonna (feminine)
nonnétto (diminutive)
nonnìno (diminutive)
nonnàccio (pejorative)
nonnùccio (endearing)

→ English: nonno

→ Mòcheno: nono


fils

Inherited from Old French fils, fiz, fil, from Latin filius (“son”). Cognate to Spanish hijo, Portuguese filho, , Italian figlio and Romanian fiu, among others.
Final -s regularly became mute before consonants in late Old French but was then still pronounced in pausa. In the 18th century, these pausal forms widely fell out of use; they remained, however, as variants in a small number of words (cf. tous, ours). By the 20th century, the regular pronunciation /fi/ had become archaic or dialectal.


apa

apák (plural)
apa (nominative singular)
apák (nominative plural)
apát (accusative singular)
apákat (accusative plural)
apának (dative singular)
apáknak (dative plural)
apával (instrumental singular)
apákkal (instrumental plural)
apáért (causal-final singular)
apákért (causal-final plural)
apává (singular translative)
apákká (plural translative)
apáig (singular terminative)
apákig (plural terminative)
apaként (essive-formal singular)
apákként (essive-formal plural)
apában (inessive singular)
apákban (inessive plural)
apán (singular superessive)
apákon (plural superessive)
apánál (adessive singular)
apáknál (adessive plural)
apába (illative singular)
apákba (illative plural)
apára (singular sublative)
apákra (plural sublative)
apához (allative singular)
apákhoz (allative plural)
apából (elative singular)
apákból (elative plural)
apáról (delative singular)
apákról (delative plural)
apától (ablative singular)
apáktól (ablative plural)
apáé (singular)
apáké (plural)
apáéi (singular)
apákéi (plural)
apám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
apáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
apjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
apád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
apáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
apjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
apja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
apái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
apjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
apánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
apáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
apjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
apátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
apáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
apjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
apjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
apáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
apjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
apám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
apáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
apád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
apáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
apája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
apái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
apánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
apáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
apátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
apáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
apájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
apáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Most likely from Turkic, compare Old Turkic 𐰯𐰀 (pa /apa/, “father”).


abu

ábu (canonical masculine)
ábu (absolutive)
ábu (predicative)
abí (subjective)
abí (genitive)
ábul (l-case with-postposition)
ábuk (k-case with-postposition)
ábut (t-case with-postposition)
ábuh (h-case with-postposition)


babu

babu class IX (canonical)
babu class X (plural)


poika

poika (nominative singular)
pojat (nominative plural)
pojan (genitive singular)
poikiin (genitive plural)
poikaa (partitive singular)
poikia (partitive plural)
poikaa (illative singular)
poikii (illative plural)
pojas (inessive singular)
pojis (inessive plural)
pojast (elative singular)
pojist (elative plural)
pojalle (allative singular)
pojille (allative plural)
pojal (adessive singular)
pojil (adessive plural)
pojalt (ablative singular)
pojilt (ablative plural)
pojaks (singular translative)
pojiks (plural translative)
poikanna (essive singular)
poikaan (essive singular)
poikinna (essive plural)
poikiin (essive plural)
poikant (exessive singular)
poikint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *poika, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pojka. Cognates include Finnish poika and Estonian poeg.

Poika tuli tovarișșan kera kluubaa.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 36:

Metsävahti vei meijet kottii, jootti caajuul, ja hänen poika mäni meitä saattamaa.

1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:

The forest ranger took us to [his] house, gave us tea to drink, and his son went to see us off.

Kissan poika otti kiin hiiren.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 68:


poika

head

poika (genitive pojan, partitive poikua)

pojan (genitive)
poikua (partitive)
poika (nominative singular)
pojat (nominative plural)
pojan (genitive singular)
poikien (genitive plural)
poikua (partitive singular)
poikie (partitive plural)
poikah (illative singular)
poikih (illative plural)
pojašša (inessive singular)
pojissa (inessive plural)
pojašta (elative singular)
pojista (elative plural)
pojalla (adessive singular)
pojilla (adessive plural)
pojalta (ablative singular)
pojilta (ablative plural)
pojakši (singular translative)
pojiksi (plural translative)
poikana (essive singular)
poikina (essive plural)
pojineh (comitative plural)
pojatta (abessive singular)
pojitta (abessive plural)
poikani (first-person possessive)
poikaš (possessive second-person)
poikah (possessive third-person)

krl-decl-table

type 5/<i class="Latn mention" lang="krl">koira</i>, ik-j gradation

From Proto-Finnic *poika. Cognates include Finnish poika and Estonian poeg.


isä

isä (nominative singular)
isät (nominative plural)
isä (accusative nominative singular)
isät (accusative nominative plural)
isän (accusative genitive singular)
isät (accusative genitive plural)
isän (genitive singular)
isien (genitive plural)
isäin (genitive plural rare)
isää (partitive singular)
isiä (partitive plural)
isässä (inessive singular)
isissä (inessive plural)
isästä (elative singular)
isistä (elative plural)
isään (illative singular)
isiin (illative plural)
isällä (adessive singular)
isillä (adessive plural)
isältä (ablative singular)
isiltä (ablative plural)
isälle (allative singular)
isille (allative plural)
isänä (essive singular)
isinä (essive plural)
isäksi (singular translative)
isiksi (plural translative)
isättä (abessive singular)
isittä (abessive plural)
isin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
isäni (nominative singular)
isäni (nominative plural)
isäni (accusative nominative singular)
isäni (accusative nominative plural)
isäni (accusative genitive singular)
isäni (accusative genitive plural)
isäni (genitive singular)
isieni (genitive plural)
isäini (genitive plural rare)
isääni (partitive singular)
isiäni (partitive plural)
isässäni (inessive singular)
isissäni (inessive plural)
isästäni (elative singular)
isistäni (elative plural)
isääni (illative singular)
isiini (illative plural)
isälläni (adessive singular)
isilläni (adessive plural)
isältäni (ablative singular)
isiltäni (ablative plural)
isälleni (allative singular)
isilleni (allative plural)
isänäni (essive singular)
isinäni (essive plural)
isäkseni (singular translative)
isikseni (plural translative)
isättäni (abessive singular)
isittäni (abessive plural)
isineni (comitative plural)
isäsi (nominative singular)
isäsi (nominative plural)
isäsi (accusative nominative singular)
isäsi (accusative nominative plural)
isäsi (accusative genitive singular)
isäsi (accusative genitive plural)
isäsi (genitive singular)
isiesi (genitive plural)
isäisi (genitive plural rare)
isääsi (partitive singular)
isiäsi (partitive plural)
isässäsi (inessive singular)
isissäsi (inessive plural)
isästäsi (elative singular)
isistäsi (elative plural)
isääsi (illative singular)
isiisi (illative plural)
isälläsi (adessive singular)
isilläsi (adessive plural)
isältäsi (ablative singular)
isiltäsi (ablative plural)
isällesi (allative singular)
isillesi (allative plural)
isänäsi (essive singular)
isinäsi (essive plural)
isäksesi (singular translative)
isiksesi (plural translative)
isättäsi (abessive singular)
isittäsi (abessive plural)
isinesi (comitative plural)
isämme (nominative singular)
isämme (nominative plural)
isämme (accusative nominative singular)
isämme (accusative nominative plural)
isämme (accusative genitive singular)
isämme (accusative genitive plural)
isämme (genitive singular)
isiemme (genitive plural)
isäimme (genitive plural rare)
isäämme (partitive singular)
isiämme (partitive plural)
isässämme (inessive singular)
isissämme (inessive plural)
isästämme (elative singular)
isistämme (elative plural)
isäämme (illative singular)
isiimme (illative plural)
isällämme (adessive singular)
isillämme (adessive plural)
isältämme (ablative singular)
isiltämme (ablative plural)
isällemme (allative singular)
isillemme (allative plural)
isänämme (essive singular)
isinämme (essive plural)
isäksemme (singular translative)
isiksemme (plural translative)
isättämme (abessive singular)
isittämme (abessive plural)
isinemme (comitative plural)
isänne (nominative singular)
isänne (nominative plural)
isänne (accusative nominative singular)
isänne (accusative nominative plural)
isänne (accusative genitive singular)
isänne (accusative genitive plural)
isänne (genitive singular)
isienne (genitive plural)
isäinne (genitive plural rare)
isäänne (partitive singular)
isiänne (partitive plural)
isässänne (inessive singular)
isissänne (inessive plural)
isästänne (elative singular)
isistänne (elative plural)
isäänne (illative singular)
isiinne (illative plural)
isällänne (adessive singular)
isillänne (adessive plural)
isältänne (ablative singular)
isiltänne (ablative plural)
isällenne (allative singular)
isillenne (allative plural)
isänänne (essive singular)
isinänne (essive plural)
isäksenne (singular translative)
isiksenne (plural translative)
isättänne (abessive singular)
isittänne (abessive plural)
isinenne (comitative plural)
isänsä (nominative singular)
isänsä (nominative plural)
isänsä (accusative nominative singular)
isänsä (accusative nominative plural)
isänsä (accusative genitive singular)
isänsä (accusative genitive plural)
isänsä (genitive singular)
isiensä (genitive plural)
isäinsä (genitive plural rare)
isäänsä (partitive singular)
isiään (partitive plural)
isiänsä (partitive plural)
isässään (inessive singular)
isässänsä (inessive singular)
isissään (inessive plural)
isissänsä (inessive plural)
isästään (elative singular)
isästänsä (elative singular)
isistään (elative plural)
isistänsä (elative plural)
isäänsä (illative singular)
isiinsä (illative plural)
isällään (adessive singular)
isällänsä (adessive singular)
isillään (adessive plural)
isillänsä (adessive plural)
isältään (ablative singular)
isältänsä (ablative singular)
isiltään (ablative plural)
isiltänsä (ablative plural)
isälleen (allative singular)
isällensä (allative singular)
isilleen (allative plural)
isillensä (allative plural)
isänään (essive singular)
isänänsä (essive singular)
isinään (essive plural)
isinänsä (essive plural)
isäkseen (singular translative)
isäksensä (singular translative)
isikseen (plural translative)
isiksensä (plural translative)
isättään (abessive singular)
isättänsä (abessive singular)
isittään (abessive plural)
isittänsä (abessive plural)
isineen (comitative plural)
isinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *icä, from Proto-Uralic *ićä. Cognate with Estonian isa, Northern Sami áhčči, Moksha оця (ocä, “brother of father”), оцю (oću, “big”) (compare Finnish iso) and Hungarian ős.


isä

isä (nominative singular)
isät (nominative plural)
isän (genitive singular)
issiin (genitive plural)
issää (partitive singular)
issiä (partitive plural)
issää (illative singular)
issii (illative plural)
isäs (inessive singular)
isis (inessive plural)
isäst (elative singular)
isist (elative plural)
isälle (allative singular)
isille (allative plural)
isäl (adessive singular)
isil (adessive plural)
isält (ablative singular)
isilt (ablative plural)
isäks (singular translative)
isiks (plural translative)
isännä (essive singular)
issään (essive singular)
isinnä (essive plural)
issiin (essive plural)
isänt (exessive singular)
isint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *icä. Cognates include Finnish isä and Estonian isa.

Sannoo poikane isälle: „Ossa miulle, taatta (ätti), ockat.“

1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 4:

The little boy said to [his] father: „Buy me glasses, taata (daddy).“


isä

isä (nominative singular)
izäd (nominative plural)
izä (genitive singular)
isije (genitive plural)
isii (genitive plural)
issä (partitive singular)
isiite (partitive plural)
isii (partitive plural)
issäse (illative singular)
issä (illative singular)
isiise (illative plural)
izäz (inessive singular)
isiiz (inessive plural)
izässe (elative singular)
isiisse (elative plural)
izäle (allative singular)
isiile (allative plural)
izälle (adessive singular)
isiille (adessive plural)
izälte (ablative singular)
isiilte (ablative plural)
izässi (singular translative)
isiissi (plural translative)

From Proto-Finnic *icä, from Proto-Uralic *ićä.


kuya

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien 哥仔 (*ko-iá) as per Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948) with an older obsolete form of the diminutive suffix as a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ). Cognate with Cebuano kuya and Kapampangan koya. Compare guya and piaya.

Tumutulong si kuya sa aming mga magulang sa mga gawaing bahay.

Our big brother helps our parents do housework.


baca

baca (nominative singular)
bace (nominative plural)
baca (genitive singular)
baci (genitive plural)
bacu (dative singular)
baci (dative plural)
baca (accusative singular)
bace (accusative plural)
bacu (locative singular)
bace (locative plural)
bacom (instrumental singular)
bacam (instrumental singular)
baci (instrumental plural)


fiú

fiúk (plural)
fiú (nominative singular)
fiúk (nominative plural)
fiút (accusative singular)
fiúkat (accusative plural)
fiúnak (dative singular)
fiúknak (dative plural)
fiúval (instrumental singular)
fiúkkal (instrumental plural)
fiúért (causal-final singular)
fiúkért (causal-final plural)
fiúvá (singular translative)
fiúkká (plural translative)
fiúig (singular terminative)
fiúkig (plural terminative)
fiúként (essive-formal singular)
fiúkként (essive-formal plural)
fiúban (inessive singular)
fiúkban (inessive plural)
fiún (singular superessive)
fiúkon (plural superessive)
fiúnál (adessive singular)
fiúknál (adessive plural)
fiúba (illative singular)
fiúkba (illative plural)
fiúra (singular sublative)
fiúkra (plural sublative)
fiúhoz (allative singular)
fiúkhoz (allative plural)
fiúból (elative singular)
fiúkból (elative plural)
fiúról (delative singular)
fiúkról (delative plural)
fiútól (ablative singular)
fiúktól (ablative plural)
fiúé (singular)
fiúké (plural)
fiúéi (singular)
fiúkéi (plural)
fiam (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fiaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fiad (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fiaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fia (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fiai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fiunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fiaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fiatok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fiaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fiuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fiaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
fiúm (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fiúim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fiúd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fiúid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fiúja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fiúi (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fiúnk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fiúink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fiútok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fiúitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fiújuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fiúik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Old Hungarian fioɣ or fió with the original stem fi akin to Proto-Uralic *pojka (“son, boy”) + -ú (“archaic diminutive suffix”) (also attested as -oɣ, -ó in Old Hungarian). Cognates include Northern Mansi пыг (pyg, “son, boy”), Udmurt пи (pi, “son, boy”), Komi-Zyrian пи (pi, “son, boy”), Erzya пиё (pijo, “grandson”) and Finnish poika. See also faj. False cognate of Romanian fiu.


nono

From Italian nonno (“grandfather”), from Latin nonnus (“monk; tutor; old person”).

der

Coordinate term: nu'na


pap

en-noun

pap (countable and uncountable, plural paps)

From Middle English pap. Related to Middle Low German pappe, Dutch pap, German Pappe (“pap, porridge; wheatpaste; cardboard”), Old French papa/pape, Latin pappa, Bulgarian папам (papam, “to eat”) and Serbo-Croatian папати/papati (“to eat”), among others. The relationships between these words are difficult to reconstruct. The Germanic word is either a borrowing from Latin or, perhaps more probably, an independent formation in baby-talk.

m+

Pap can be made from bread boiled in milk or water.

(uncountable) Food in the form of a soft paste, often a porridge, especially as given to very young children.

Pap and wors are traditionally eaten at a braai.


pap

en-adj

pap (comparative more pap, superlative most pap)

more pap (comparative)
most pap (superlative)

From Afrikaans pap (“porridge”). Cognate with etymology 1.

His chest hangs like soft tits in his vest. He is pap. I could easily hit him. I could kill him if I wanted to.

1975, Sheila Roberts, Outside Life's Feast: Short Stories, Johannesburg: Ad. Donker, →ISBN, page 27:

(South Africa, slang) Weak, feeble; lacking substance.

He is so pap and boring.

(South Africa, slang) Spineless, wet, without character.

I got a puncture and the wheel went pap.


dedo

sk-noun

dedo m pers (relational adjective dedovský, diminutive dedko or deduško)

dedovský (adjective relational)
dedko (diminutive)
deduško (diminutive)
nominative
dedo (singular)
dedovia (plural)
genitive
deda (singular)
dedov (plural)
dative
dedovi (singular)
dedom (plural)
accusative
locative
dedoch (plural)
instrumental
dedom (singular)
dedami (plural)


vnuk

cs-noun

vnuk m anim (female equivalent vnučka, diminutive vnouček)

vnučka (feminine)
vnouček (diminutive)
vnuk (nominative singular)
vnuci (nominative plural)
vnukové (nominative plural)
vnuka (genitive singular)
vnuků (genitive plural)
vnukovi (dative singular)
vnuku (dative singular)
vnukům (dative plural)
vnuka (accusative singular)
vnuky (accusative plural)
vnuku (singular vocative)
vnuci (plural vocative)
vnukové (plural vocative)
vnukovi (locative singular)
vnuku (locative singular)
vnucích (locative plural)
vnukem (instrumental singular)
vnuky (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech vnuk, from Proto-Slavic *vъnukъ.


vnuk

sk-noun

vnuk m pers (genitive singular vnuka, nominative plural vnuci, vnukovia, genitive plural vnukov, declension pattern of chlap)

vnuka (genitive singular)
vnuci (nominative plural)
vnukovia (nominative plural)
vnukov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
vnuk (nominative singular)
vnuci (nominative plural)
vnukovia (nominative plural)
vnuka (genitive singular)
vnukov (genitive plural)
vnukovi (dative singular)
vnukom (dative plural)
vnuka (accusative singular)
vnukov (accusative plural)
vnukovi (locative singular)
vnukoch (locative plural)
vnukom (instrumental singular)
vnukmi (instrumental plural)


vnuk

sl-noun

vnūk m anim (female equivalent vnūkinja)

vnūk (animate canonical masculine)
vnūkinja (feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
vnúk (nominative singular)
vnúka (dual nominative)
vnúki (nominative plural)
vnúka (genitive singular)
vnúkov (dual genitive)
vnúkov (genitive plural)
vnúku (dative singular)
vnúkoma (dative dual)
vnúkom (dative plural)
vnúka (accusative singular)
vnúka (accusative dual)
vnúke (accusative plural)
vnúku (locative singular)
vnúkih (dual locative)
vnúkih (locative plural)
vnúkom (instrumental singular)
vnúkoma (dual instrumental)
vnúki (instrumental plural)


dedko

sk-noun

dedko m pers (relational adjective dedkovský, diminutive deduško)

dedkovský (adjective relational)
deduško (diminutive)
nominative
dedko (singular)
dedkovia (plural)
genitive
dedka (singular)
dedkov (plural)
dative
dedkovi (singular)
dedkom (plural)
accusative
locative
dedkoch (plural)
instrumental
dedkom (singular)
dedkami (plural)


padre

it-noun

padre m (plural padri, pejorative (usually jocular) padraccio)

padri (plural)
padraccio (humorous pejorative usually)

→ English: padre

Derived from Old Italian patre, from Latin patrem, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.


padre

lad-noun

padre m (Hebrew spelling פאדרי, feminine madre)

Inherited from Old Spanish padre (“father”), from Latin patrem, pater, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

inh+

Mi padre tambyen favlava el ladino ma konoseva de mas el turko, el franses i el grego, ke favlava sin el mizmo aksento ke teniyamos, los otros, i pareseva grego halis.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 9:

My father also spoke Judezmo but he knew more Turkish, French and Greek; he spoke without the same accent that we ourselves had, and he seemed like [an] authentic Greek.

Mi padre sigió el konsejo del kadí i en un punto saltó sovre el kavayo, le dio una kon el zingí, i el kavayo se empesó a bolar.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 47:

My father followed the Qadi’s advice and at one point he left by horse; [somebody] gave him one with the stirrup, and the horse started to flee.


padre

→ Bengali: পাদ্রি (padri)

→ English: padre

→ Gujarati: પાદરી (pādrī)

→ Hindi: पादरी (pādrī)

→ Japanese: 破天連 (bateren)

→ Konkani: पाद्रि (pādri)

→ Malay: paderi

Indonesian: padri

→ Malayalam: പാതിരി (pātiri)

→ Persian: پادری (pādrī) — Indo-Persian

→ Sinhalese: පාදිලියා (pādiliyā)

→ Swahili: padre, padri, padiri

⇒ Tamil: பாதிரியார் (pātiriyār)

→ Thai: บาทหลวง (bàat-lǔuang)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese padre (“father”), from Latin patrem (“father”), from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of pai.


padre

es-noun

padre m (plural padres, feminine madre, feminine plural madres)

padres (plural)
madre (feminine)
madres (feminine plural)

→ Chinese: 巴禮 /巴礼

→ Classical Nahuatl: padre

→ English: padre

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: pa̱lej

→ Tagalog: pari

nunca digas de este agua no beberé, ni este cura no es mi padre

Meronyms: hijo, nieto


papà

quote-web

2017 May 5, Accademia della Crusca:
In almost all Italian dictionaries, the second word (after mamma) pronounced by the majority of Italian speakers, that is, papà, is classified as a Frenchism, that is, a tracing of the French papa. It is instead a term of central-northern Italian origin, which from the dialects of the North has passed into the national language, as has also happened to some other words of the daily and family lexicon.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


弟弟

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

dei⁶⁻⁴ dei⁶⁻²

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

(colloquial, euphemistic, slang, childish) penis


哥哥

→ Indonesian: koko

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

He is my elder brother. He is two years older than I.

Tā shì wǒ de gēge. Tā bǐ wǒ dà liǎng suì.

他是我的哥哥。他比我大兩歲。

他是我的哥哥。他比我大两岁。

Big brother, O big brother, I love to be with you, playing, travelling, watching movies.

go¹ go¹ aa³ go¹ go¹, oi³ jyu⁵ nei⁵ jat¹ hei² jau⁴ hei³ leoi⁵ hang⁴ hon³ hei³.

哥哥呀哥哥，愛與你一起遊戲旅行看戲。

哥哥呀哥哥，爱与你一起游戏旅行看戏。

(literally or figuratively) elder brother; big brother (Classifier: 個／个; 位)

>< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face


great-grandfather

The new bek's great-grandfather had passed every night of his life under the sky, on the back of a pony or in the felt walls of a ger, and Buljan retained the ancestral contempt for cities and city dwellers.

2007, Michael Chabon, Gentlemen of the Road, Sceptre, published 2008, page 133: