tonlos

de-adj

tonlos (strong nominative masculine singular tonloser, comparative tonloser, superlative am tonlosesten)

tonloser (masculine nominative singular strong)
tonloser (comparative)
am tonlosesten (superlative)
tonlos (masculine predicative singular)
tonlos (feminine predicative singular)
tonlos (neuter predicative singular)
tonlos (plural predicative)
tonloser (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
tonlose (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
tonloses (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
tonlose (nominative plural strong without-article)
tonlosen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
tonloser (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
tonlosen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
tonloser (genitive plural strong without-article)
tonlosem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
tonloser (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
tonlosem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
tonlosen (dative plural strong without-article)
tonlosen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
tonlose (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
tonloses (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
tonlose (accusative plural strong without-article)
der tonlose (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die tonlose (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das tonlose (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die tonlosen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des tonlosen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der tonlosen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des tonlosen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der tonlosen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem tonlosen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der tonlosen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem tonlosen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den tonlosen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den tonlosen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die tonlose (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das tonlose (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die tonlosen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein tonloser (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine tonlose (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein tonloses (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
tonlosen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine tonlosen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines tonlosen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer tonlosen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines tonlosen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
tonlosen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner tonlosen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem tonlosen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer tonlosen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem tonlosen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
tonlosen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen tonlosen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen tonlosen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine tonlose (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein tonloses (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
tonlosen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine tonlosen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
tonloser (comparative masculine predicative singular)
tonloser (comparative feminine predicative singular)
tonloser (comparative neuter predicative singular)
tonloser (comparative plural predicative)
tonloserer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
tonlosere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
tonloseres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
tonlosere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
tonloseren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
tonloserer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
tonloseren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
tonloserer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
tonloserem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
tonloserer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
tonloserem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
tonloseren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
tonloseren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
tonlosere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
tonloseres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
tonlosere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der tonlosere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die tonlosere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das tonlosere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die tonloseren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des tonloseren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der tonloseren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des tonloseren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der tonloseren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem tonloseren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der tonloseren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem tonloseren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den tonloseren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den tonloseren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die tonlosere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das tonlosere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die tonloseren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein tonloserer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine tonlosere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein tonloseres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
tonloseren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine tonloseren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines tonloseren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer tonloseren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines tonloseren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
tonloseren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner tonloseren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem tonloseren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer tonloseren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem tonloseren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
tonloseren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen tonloseren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen tonloseren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine tonlosere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein tonloseres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
tonloseren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine tonloseren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am tonlosesten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am tonlosesten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am tonlosesten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am tonlosesten (plural predicative superlative)
tonlosester (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
tonloseste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosestes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
tonloseste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
tonlosesten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosester (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosesten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosester (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
tonlosestem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosester (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosestem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosesten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
tonlosesten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
tonloseste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
tonlosestes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
tonloseste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der tonloseste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die tonloseste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das tonloseste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die tonlosesten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des tonlosesten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der tonlosesten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des tonlosesten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der tonlosesten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem tonlosesten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der tonlosesten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem tonlosesten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den tonlosesten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den tonlosesten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die tonloseste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das tonloseste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die tonlosesten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein tonlosester (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine tonloseste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein tonlosestes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
tonlosesten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine tonlosesten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines tonlosesten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer tonlosesten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines tonlosesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
tonlosesten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner tonlosesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem tonlosesten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer tonlosesten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem tonlosesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
tonlosesten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen tonlosesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen tonlosesten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine tonloseste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein tonlosestes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
tonlosesten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine tonlosesten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)


aspirować

aspirować (infinitive)
aspiruję (present singular)
aspirujemy (plural present)
aspirujesz (present singular)
aspirujecie (plural present)
aspiruje (present singular third-person)
aspirują (plural present third-person)
aspiruje się (impersonal present)
aspirowałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m aspirował (masculine past singular)
aspirowałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m aspirowała (feminine past singular)
aspirowałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m aspirowało (neuter past singular)
aspirowaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy aspirowali (past plural virile)
aspirowałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy aspirowały (nonvirile past plural)
aspirowałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś aspirował (masculine past singular)
aspirowałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś aspirowała (feminine past singular)
aspirowałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś aspirowało (neuter past singular)
aspirowaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście aspirowali (past plural virile)
aspirowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście aspirowały (nonvirile past plural)
aspirował (masculine past singular third-person)
aspirowała (feminine past singular third-person)
aspirowało (neuter past singular third-person)
aspirowali (past plural third-person virile)
aspirowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
aspirowano (impersonal past)
będę aspirował (future masculine singular)
będę aspirować (future masculine singular)
będę aspirowała (feminine future singular)
będę aspirować (feminine future singular)
będę aspirowało (future neuter singular)
będę aspirować (future neuter singular)
będziemy aspirowali (future plural virile)
będziemy aspirować (future plural virile)
będziemy aspirowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy aspirować (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz aspirował (future masculine singular)
będziesz aspirować (future masculine singular)
będziesz aspirowała (feminine future singular)
będziesz aspirować (feminine future singular)
będziesz aspirowało (future neuter singular)
będziesz aspirować (future neuter singular)
będziecie aspirowali (future plural virile)
będziecie aspirować (future plural virile)
będziecie aspirowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie aspirować (future nonvirile plural)
będzie aspirował (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie aspirować (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie aspirowała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie aspirować (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie aspirowało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie aspirować (future neuter singular third-person)
będą aspirowali (future plural third-person virile)
będą aspirować (future plural third-person virile)
będą aspirowały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą aspirować (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie aspirować się (future impersonal)
aspirowałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym aspirował (conditional masculine singular)
aspirowałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym aspirowała (conditional feminine singular)
aspirowałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym aspirowało (conditional neuter singular)
aspirowalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy aspirowali (conditional plural virile)
aspirowałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy aspirowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
aspirowałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś aspirował (conditional masculine singular)
aspirowałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś aspirowała (conditional feminine singular)
aspirowałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś aspirowało (conditional neuter singular)
aspirowalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście aspirowali (conditional plural virile)
aspirowałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście aspirowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
aspirowałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by aspirował (conditional masculine singular third-person)
aspirowałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by aspirowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
aspirowałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by aspirowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
aspirowaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by aspirowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
aspirowałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by aspirowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
aspirowano by (conditional impersonal)
niech aspiruję (imperative singular)
aspirujmy (imperative plural)
aspiruj (imperative singular)
aspirujcie (imperative plural)
niech aspiruje (imperative singular third-person)
niech aspirują (imperative plural third-person)
aspirujący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
aspirująca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
aspirujące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
aspirujący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
aspirujące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
aspirując (adjectival contemporary participle)
aspirowanie (noun-from-verb)

Adapted borrowing of Latin aspīrō + -ować.

af

(intransitive, phonology) to aspirate (to produce an audible puff of breath after a consonant)


likuida

From Dutch liquida, from Middle English liquide, from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid, moist”), from liqueō (“to be liquid, be fluid”).

(phonology) liquid: A class of consonant sounds that includes l and r.


高降

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/


hangrend

hangrendek (plural)
hangrend (nominative singular)
hangrendek (nominative plural)
hangrendet (accusative singular)
hangrendeket (accusative plural)
hangrendnek (dative singular)
hangrendeknek (dative plural)
hangrenddel (instrumental singular)
hangrendekkel (instrumental plural)
hangrendért (causal-final singular)
hangrendekért (causal-final plural)
hangrenddé (singular translative)
hangrendekké (plural translative)
hangrendig (singular terminative)
hangrendekig (plural terminative)
hangrendként (essive-formal singular)
hangrendekként (essive-formal plural)
hangrendben (inessive singular)
hangrendekben (inessive plural)
hangrenden (singular superessive)
hangrendeken (plural superessive)
hangrendnél (adessive singular)
hangrendeknél (adessive plural)
hangrendbe (illative singular)
hangrendekbe (illative plural)
hangrendre (singular sublative)
hangrendekre (plural sublative)
hangrendhez (allative singular)
hangrendekhez (allative plural)
hangrendből (elative singular)
hangrendekből (elative plural)
hangrendről (delative singular)
hangrendekről (delative plural)
hangrendtől (ablative singular)
hangrendektől (ablative plural)
hangrendé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
hangrendeké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
hangrendéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
hangrendekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
hangrendem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
hangrendjeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
hangrended (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
hangrendjeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
hangrendje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
hangrendjei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
hangrendünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
hangrendjeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
hangrendetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
hangrendjeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
hangrendjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
hangrendjeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


carn consan

head

carn consan m (genitive singular cairn chonsan, nominative plural cairn chonsan)

cairn chonsan (genitive singular)
cairn chonsan (nominative plural)
carn consan
charn consan
gcarn consan

(phonology, phonetics) consonant cluster


caoile

caoile (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
caoile (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a chaoile (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an chaoile (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
na caoile (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an gcaoile (definite singular)
don chaoile (definite singular)

From Middle Irish caíle, from Old Irish coíle. By surface analysis, caol + -e.

(phonology, phonetics) palatalized quality


caolú

caolú m (genitive singular caolaithe, nominative plural caoluithe)

caolaithe (genitive singular)
caoluithe (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
caolú (indefinite singular)
caoluithe (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a chaolú (indefinite singular)
a chaoluithe (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
caolaithe (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an caolú (definite singular)
na caoluithe (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an chaolaithe (definite singular)
na gcaoluithe (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an gcaolú (definite singular)
don chaolú (definite singular)
leis na caoluithe (definite plural)
caolú
chaolú
gcaolú


metaphonize

en-verb

metaphonize (third-person singular simple present metaphonizes, present participle metaphonizing, simple past and past participle metaphonized)

metaphonizes (present singular third-person)
metaphonizing (participle present)
metaphonized (participle past)
metaphonized (past)

(phonology, intransitive) To undergo metaphony.


asimilasi

id-noun

asimilasi (first-person possessive asimilasiku, second-person possessive asimilasimu, third-person possessive asimilasinya)

asimilasiku (first-person possessive)
asimilasimu (possessive second-person)
asimilasinya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics, phonology) a sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.


옛이응

From 옛 (yet, “old”) + 이응 (ieung, “ieung”).

(phonology) the obsolete Korean consonant ㆁ (ng)


śródgłos

śródgłos (nominative singular)
śródgłosy (nominative plural)
śródgłosu (genitive singular)
śródgłosów (genitive plural)
śródgłosowi (dative singular)
śródgłosom (dative plural)
śródgłos (accusative singular)
śródgłosy (accusative plural)
śródgłosem (instrumental singular)
śródgłosami (instrumental plural)
śródgłosie (locative singular)
śródgłosach (locative plural)
śródgłosie (singular vocative)
śródgłosy (plural vocative)


wygłos

wygłos (nominative singular)
wygłosy (nominative plural)
wygłosu (genitive singular)
wygłosów (genitive plural)
wygłosowi (dative singular)
wygłosom (dative plural)
wygłos (accusative singular)
wygłosy (accusative plural)
wygłosem (instrumental singular)
wygłosami (instrumental plural)
wygłosie (locative singular)
wygłosach (locative plural)
wygłosie (singular vocative)
wygłosy (plural vocative)


nagłos

nagłos (nominative singular)
nagłosy (nominative plural)
nagłosu (genitive singular)
nagłosów (genitive plural)
nagłosowi (dative singular)
nagłosom (dative plural)
nagłos (accusative singular)
nagłosy (accusative plural)
nagłosem (instrumental singular)
nagłosami (instrumental plural)
nagłosie (locative singular)
nagłosach (locative plural)
nagłosie (singular vocative)
nagłosy (plural vocative)


아래아

From 아래 (arae, “below, under”) + 아 (a), referring to its position at the very bottom of syllable charts, which were ordered 가갸거겨 […] 기ᄀᆞ.

lang

가갸거겨 […] 기ᄀᆞ

가갸거겨 […] 기ᄀᆞ

(phonology) the Korean vowel ㆍ, found in modern Jeju but otherwise obsolete


vokalagarmonia

vokalagarmonia (nominative singular)
vokalagarmoniat (nominative plural)
vokalagarmonian (genitive singular)
vokalagarmonioin (genitive plural)
vokalagarmoniaa (partitive singular)
vokalagarmonioja (partitive plural)
vokalagarmoniaa (illative singular)
vokalagarmonioi (illative plural)
vokalagarmonias (inessive singular)
vokalagarmoniois (inessive plural)
vokalagarmoniast (elative singular)
vokalagarmonioist (elative plural)
vokalagarmonialle (allative singular)
vokalagarmonioille (allative plural)
vokalagarmonial (adessive singular)
vokalagarmonioil (adessive plural)
vokalagarmonialt (ablative singular)
vokalagarmonioilt (ablative plural)
vokalagarmoniaks (singular translative)
vokalagarmonioiks (plural translative)
vokalagarmonianna (essive singular)
vokalagarmoniaan (essive singular)
vokalagarmonioinna (essive plural)
vokalagarmonioin (essive plural)
vokalagarmoniant (exessive singular)
vokalagarmonioint (exessive plural)

[ˈʋo̞kɑɫɑˌɡɑrmŏ̞ˌniɑ]

[ˈʋo̞ɡ̊ɑɫɑˌɡ̊ɑrmo̞ˌniɑ]

From vokala (“vowel”) + garmonia (“harmony”). Akin to Finnish vokaaliharmonia.


гемината

ru-noun+

гемина́та • (gemináta) f inan (genitive гемина́ты, nominative plural гемина́ты, genitive plural гемина́т)

гемина́та (canonical)
gemináta (romanization)
гемина́ты (genitive)
гемина́ты (nominative plural)
гемина́т (genitive plural)
гемина́та (nominative singular)
гемина́ты (nominative plural)
гемина́ты (genitive singular)
гемина́т (genitive plural)
гемина́те (dative singular)
гемина́там (dative plural)
гемина́ту (accusative singular)
гемина́ты (accusative plural)
гемина́той (instrumental singular)
гемина́тою (instrumental singular)
гемина́тами (instrumental plural)
гемина́те (prepositional singular)
гемина́тах (plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: geminatta

[ɡʲɪmʲɪˈnatə]

Большинство́ согла́сных выступа́ет в трёх разнови́дностях: кра́ткий согла́сный — до́лгий согла́сный — гемина́та.

1985, Р. Д. Куруч, Краткий грамматический очерк саамского языка:

Most consonants occur in three varieties: a short consonant, a long consonant, and a geminate.

Bolʹšinstvó soglásnyx vystupájet v trjox raznovídnostjax: krátkij soglásnyj — dólgij soglásnyj — gemináta.


fóineolaíocht

head

fóineolaíocht f (genitive singular fóineolaíochta)

fóineolaíochta (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
fóineolaíocht (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a fhóineolaíocht (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
fóineolaíochta (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an fhóineolaíocht (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
na fóineolaíochta (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an bhfóineolaíocht (definite singular)
don fhóineolaíocht (definite singular)
fóineolaíocht
fhóineolaíocht
bhfóineolaíocht

Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”) + eolaíocht (“science”); calque of English phonology.


foghareolaíocht

head

foghareolaíocht f (genitive singular foghareolaíochta)

foghareolaíochta (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
foghareolaíocht (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a fhoghareolaíocht (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
foghareolaíochta (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an fhoghareolaíocht (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
na foghareolaíochta (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an bhfoghareolaíocht (definite singular)
don fhoghareolaíocht (definite singular)
foghareolaíocht
fhoghareolaíocht
bhfoghareolaíocht

foghar (“sound”) + eolaíocht (“science”); calque of English phonology.


aðblástur

is-noun

aðblástur m (genitive singular aðblásturs, no plural)

aðblásturs (genitive singular)
aðblástur (indefinite nominative singular)
aðblásturinn (definite nominative singular)
aðblástur (accusative indefinite singular)
aðblásturinn (accusative definite singular)
aðblæstri (dative indefinite singular)
aðblæstrinum (dative definite singular)
aðblásturs (genitive indefinite singular)
aðblástursins (definite genitive singular)


przymknięty

pl-adj

przymknięty (not comparable, no derived adverb)

przymknięty (masculine nominative singular)
przymknięta (feminine nominative singular)
przymknięte (neuter nominative singular)
przymknięci (nominative plural virile)
przymknięte (nominative plural)
przymkniętego (genitive masculine singular)
przymkniętej (feminine genitive singular)
przymkniętego (genitive neuter singular)
przymkniętych (genitive plural)
przymkniętych (genitive plural virile)
przymkniętemu (dative masculine singular)
przymkniętej (dative feminine singular)
przymkniętemu (dative neuter singular)
przymkniętym (dative plural)
przymkniętym (dative plural virile)
przymkniętego (accusative animate masculine singular)
przymknięty (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
przymkniętą (accusative feminine singular)
przymknięte (accusative neuter singular)
przymkniętych (accusative plural virile)
przymknięte (accusative plural)
przymkniętym (instrumental masculine singular)
przymkniętą (feminine instrumental singular)
przymkniętym (instrumental neuter singular)
przymkniętymi (instrumental plural)
przymkniętymi (instrumental plural virile)
przymkniętym (locative masculine singular)
przymkniętej (feminine locative singular)
przymkniętym (locative neuter singular)
przymkniętych (locative plural)
przymkniętych (locative plural virile)

(linguistics, phonology) close (articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate)


ဂကောံအက္ခရ်ဗွဟ်ရမျာင်

head

ဂကောံအက္ခရ်ဗွဟ်ရမျာင်

From ဂကောံ (garm, “Group or International”) + အက္ခရ် (ʔakara, “Alphabet”) + ဗွဟ်ရမျာင် (phɛ̀tæ̀ramaymɛ̀say, “Phonetic or pronunciation”).

compound

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet.

en-ဂကောံအက္ခရ်ဗွဟ်ရမျာင်-mnw-name-GEbx5Zmh


շրթնաետնալեզվային

head

ամենաշրթնաետնալեզվային

շրթնաետնալեզվային • (šrtʻnaetnalezvayin)

šrtʻnaetnalezvayin (romanization)
շրթնաետնալեզվային (nominative singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններ (nominative plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինի (dative singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինների (dative plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինից (ablative singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններից (ablative plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինով (instrumental singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններով (instrumental plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինում (locative singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններում (locative plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինը (definite nominative singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինն (definite nominative singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինները (definite nominative plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններն (definite nominative plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինին (dative definite singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններին (dative definite plural)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
շրթնաետնալեզվայինումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
շրթնաետնալեզվայիններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

շրթնաետնալեզվային

շրթնաետնալեզվայինը/շրթնաետնալեզվայինն

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինները/շրթնաետնալեզվայիններն

շրթնաետնալեզվայինի

շրթնաետնալեզվայինին

շրթնաետնալեզվայինների

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններին

շրթնաետնալեզվայինից

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններից

շրթնաետնալեզվայինով

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններով

շրթնաետնալեզվայինում

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններում

շրթնաետնալեզվայինս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիցս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիցս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինովս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններովս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինումս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններումս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիցդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիցդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինովդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններովդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինումդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններումդ

շրթն- (šrtʻn-) + -ա- (-a-) + ետնալեզվային (etnalezvayin)

affix

ետնալեզվային


շրթնաետնալեզվային

hy-decl-noun

շրթնաետնալեզվային

շրթնաետնալեզվայինը/շրթնաետնալեզվայինն

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինի

շրթնաետնալեզվայինին

շրթնաետնալեզվայինների

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններին

շրթնաետնալեզվայինից

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններից

շրթնաետնալեզվայինով

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններով

շրթնաետնալեզվայինում

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններում

շրթնաետնալեզվայինս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիցս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիցս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինովս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններովս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինումս

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններումս

շրթնաետնալեզվայինդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինիցդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններիցդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինովդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններովդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայինումդ

շրթնաետնալեզվայիններումդ

affix

ետնալեզվային


хупӑ

head

хупӑ • (hup̬ă)

хупӑ сыпӑк

хупӑ сасӑ


accent tonique

fr-noun

accent tonique m (plural accents toniques)


半母音

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Semivowel
ja:半母音
Ōsaka

Compound of 半(はん) (han-, “semi-”) + 母音(ぼいん) (boin, “vowel”).
First cited to a text from 1912 with the now-obsolete reading of hanboon. The reading appears to have shifted from hanboon to hanboin by 1922.

ja-compound

1912, 淸 榊原, “5-(2) 母音と半母音 [5-2: Vowels and Semi-vowels]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, pages 11–12:

‘Vowels’ are the five letters a, i, u, e and o. ‘Semivowels’ are the five letters wa, wi, u, we and wo.

母音と云ふものはアイウエオの五字、半母音と云ふものはワヰウヱヲの五字を云ふのであります。

Boin to ifu mono wa aiueo no goji, hanboin to ifu mono wa waiueo no goji o ifu no de arimasu.

(obsolete, phonology) a mora with a semivowel onglide, such as や (ya) or わ (wa)


abliautas

abliautai (plural)
abliautas (nominative singular)
abliautai (nominative plural)
abliauto (genitive singular)
abliautų (genitive plural)
abliautui (dative singular)
abliautams (dative plural)
abliautą (accusative singular)
abliautus (accusative plural)
abliautu (instrumental singular)
abliautais (instrumental plural)
abliaute (locative singular)
abliautuose (locative plural)
abliaute (singular vocative)
abliautai (plural vocative)

(phonology) ablaut (the substitution of one vowel for another, thus modifying the meaning of a word)


apofonija

lt-noun

apofònija m (plural apofònijos) stress pattern 1

apofònija (canonical masculine stress-pattern-1)
apofònijos (plural)
apofònija (nominative singular)
apofònijos (nominative plural)
apofònijos (genitive singular)
apofònijų (genitive plural)
apofònijai (dative singular)
apofònijoms (dative plural)
apofòniją (accusative singular)
apofònijas (accusative plural)
apofònija (instrumental singular)
apofònijomis (instrumental plural)
apofònijoje (locative singular)
apofònijose (locative plural)
apofònija (singular vocative)
apofònijos (plural vocative)

(phonology) apophony (the substitution of one sound within a word for another, thus modifying the meaning)


pehmendiä

From pehmei (“soft”) + -ndiä. Akin to Finnish pehmentää.


pehmendys

head

pehmendys (genitive pehmendyksen, partitive pehmendysty)

pehmendyksen (genitive)
pehmendysty (partitive)

From pehmend- (“to soften”) + -ys. Akin to Finnish pehmennys.


pehmei

pehmei (genitive pehmien, partitive pehmiedy)

From Proto-Finnic *pehmedä. Cognates include Finnish pehmeä and Estonian pehme.


vokalisobu

vokalisobu (genitive vokalisovun, partitive vokalisobuu)

vokalisovun (genitive)
vokalisobuu (partitive)

From vokali (“vowel”) + sobu (“agreement”).


syllable weight

en-noun

syllable weight (plural syllable weights)

(phonology) Property of syllables related to quantity.


閉口韻

/pi⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹/

/pi⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹/


ₛ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽zₛ⫽ for the collapsed voicing contrast of /z/ and /s/ before voiced consonants in many languages.


ₚ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽bₚ⫽ for the collapsed voicing contrast of /b/ and /p/ before voiced consonants in many languages.


ₙ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽mₙ⫽ for the collapsed distinction of /m/ and /n/ before bilabial consonants in many languages.


ₘ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽nₘ⫽ for the collapsed distinction of /n/ and /m/ before alveolar consonants in many languages.


ₗ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽rₗ⫽ for the collapsed distinction of /r/ and /l/ between vowels in some languages.


ₜ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽dₜ⫽ for the collapsed voicing contrast of /d/ and /t/ before voiced consonants in many languages, or in ladder vs latter in American English.


ₓ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽ɣₓ⫽ for the collapsed voicing contrast of /ɣ/ and /x/ before voiced consonants in many languages.


ₖ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽ɡₖ⫽ for the collapsed voicing contrast of /ɡ/ and /k/ before voiced consonants in many languages.


ₑ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽iₑ⫽ for the collapsed vowels /i/ and /e/ in unstressed positions in Russian.


ₐ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽ɛₐ⫽ for the collapsed vowels /ɛ/ and /a/ after palatalized consonants in Lithuanian.


ₔ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽ᵻₔ⫽ for the loss of a distinction between the reduced vowels /ᵻ/ and /ə/ after certain consonants in some varieties of English.


ₒ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽aₒ⫽ for the collapsed vowels /a/ and /o/ in unstressed positions in Polish.


ₕ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽xₕ⫽ for collapse of the distinction between /x/ and /h/ before a consonant in some languages.


akanie

akanie (nominative singular)
akania (genitive singular)
akaniu (dative singular)
akanie (accusative singular)
akaniem (instrumental singular)
akaniu (locative singular)
akanie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian аканье (akanʹje). By surface analysis, a + -kać + -anie. First attested in 1889.

(phonology) akanye (merger of pretonic non-high vowel phonemes in Slavic languages)


akcentuacyjnie

From akcentuacyjny + -ie. First attested in 1949.


akcentolog

akcentolog (nominative singular)
akcentolodzy (nominative plural)
akcentologowie (nominative plural)
akcentologi (derogatory nominative plural)
akcentologa (genitive singular)
akcentologów (genitive plural)
akcentologowi (dative singular)
akcentologom (dative plural)
akcentologa (accusative singular)
akcentologów (accusative plural)
akcentologiem (instrumental singular)
akcentologami (instrumental plural)
akcentologu (locative singular)
akcentologach (locative plural)
akcentologu (singular vocative)
akcentolodzy (plural vocative)
akcentologowie (plural vocative)

Back-formation from akcentologia. First attested in 1898.

(phonology) accentologist (one who studies accents)


akcentologia

akcentologia (nominative singular)
akcentologii (genitive singular)
akcentologii (dative singular)
akcentologię (accusative singular)
akcentologią (instrumental singular)
akcentologii (locative singular)
akcentologio (singular vocative)

From akcent + -o- + -logia. First attested in 1885.

(phonology) accentology (the study of accents)


akcentuacja

akcentuacja (nominative singular)
akcentuacji (genitive singular)
akcentuacji (dative singular)
akcentuację (accusative singular)
akcentuacją (instrumental singular)
akcentuacji (locative singular)
akcentuacjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin accentuātiō. First attested in 1850.

lbor

(phonology) accentuation (system of accenting in a given language)

(phonology) accentuation (marking of accents)


velară

velare (plural)
velară (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
velara (accusative definite nominative singular)
velare (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
velarele (accusative definite nominative plural)
velare (indefinite singular)
velarei (definite singular)
velare (indefinite plural)
velarelor (definite plural)
velară (singular vocative)
velaro (singular vocative)
velarelor (plural vocative)


akcentacja

akcentacja (nominative singular)
akcentacji (genitive singular)
akcentacji (dative singular)
akcentację (accusative singular)
akcentacją (instrumental singular)
akcentacji (locative singular)
akcentacjo (singular vocative)

From akcent + -cja. First attested in 1858.

(rare, phonology) accentuation (system of accenting in a given language)

(rare, phonology) accentuation (the marking of accents)


akcentuacyjny

pl-adj

akcentuacyjny (not comparable, derived adverb akcentuacyjnie)

akcentuacyjny (masculine nominative singular)
akcentuacyjna (feminine nominative singular)
akcentuacyjne (neuter nominative singular)
akcentuacyjni (nominative plural virile)
akcentuacyjne (nominative plural)
akcentuacyjnego (genitive masculine singular)
akcentuacyjnej (feminine genitive singular)
akcentuacyjnego (genitive neuter singular)
akcentuacyjnych (genitive plural)
akcentuacyjnych (genitive plural virile)
akcentuacyjnemu (dative masculine singular)
akcentuacyjnej (dative feminine singular)
akcentuacyjnemu (dative neuter singular)
akcentuacyjnym (dative plural)
akcentuacyjnym (dative plural virile)
akcentuacyjnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
akcentuacyjny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
akcentuacyjną (accusative feminine singular)
akcentuacyjne (accusative neuter singular)
akcentuacyjnych (accusative plural virile)
akcentuacyjne (accusative plural)
akcentuacyjnym (instrumental masculine singular)
akcentuacyjną (feminine instrumental singular)
akcentuacyjnym (instrumental neuter singular)
akcentuacyjnymi (instrumental plural)
akcentuacyjnymi (instrumental plural virile)
akcentuacyjnym (locative masculine singular)
akcentuacyjnej (feminine locative singular)
akcentuacyjnym (locative neuter singular)
akcentuacyjnych (locative plural)
akcentuacyjnych (locative plural virile)

From akcentuacja + -ny. First attested in 1879.

(relational, phonology) accentuation; accentual

(relational, phonology) accent; accentual


akcentacyjny

akcentacyjny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

akcentacyjny (masculine nominative singular)
akcentacyjna (feminine nominative singular)
akcentacyjne (neuter nominative singular)
akcentacyjni (nominative plural virile)
akcentacyjne (nominative plural)
akcentacyjnego (genitive masculine singular)
akcentacyjnej (feminine genitive singular)
akcentacyjnego (genitive neuter singular)
akcentacyjnych (genitive plural)
akcentacyjnych (genitive plural virile)
akcentacyjnemu (dative masculine singular)
akcentacyjnej (dative feminine singular)
akcentacyjnemu (dative neuter singular)
akcentacyjnym (dative plural)
akcentacyjnym (dative plural virile)
akcentacyjnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
akcentacyjny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
akcentacyjną (accusative feminine singular)
akcentacyjne (accusative neuter singular)
akcentacyjnych (accusative plural virile)
akcentacyjne (accusative plural)
akcentacyjnym (instrumental masculine singular)
akcentacyjną (feminine instrumental singular)
akcentacyjnym (instrumental neuter singular)
akcentacyjnymi (instrumental plural)
akcentacyjnymi (instrumental plural virile)
akcentacyjnym (locative masculine singular)
akcentacyjnej (feminine locative singular)
akcentacyjnym (locative neuter singular)
akcentacyjnych (locative plural)
akcentacyjnych (locative plural virile)

From akcentacja + -ny. First attested in 1912.

(archaic, relational, phonology) accentuation; accentual

(archaic, relational, phonology) accent; accentual


акайтны

akajtny (romanization)
акайта (first-person present singular)
ог акайт (first-person negative present singular)
акайта (first-person future singular)
ог акайт (first-person future negative singular)
акайтан (present second-person singular)
он акайт (negative present second-person singular)
акайтан (future second-person singular)
он акайт (future negative second-person singular)
акайтӧ (present singular third-person)
оз акайт (negative present singular third-person)
акайтас (future singular third-person)
оз акайт (future negative singular third-person)
акайтам (first-person plural present)
ог акайтӧй (first-person negative plural present)
акайтам (first-person future plural)
ог акайтӧй (first-person future negative plural)
акайтанныд (plural present second-person)
акайтад (plural present second-person)
он акайтӧй (negative plural present second-person)
акайтанныд (future plural second-person)
акайтад (future plural second-person)
он акайтӧй (future negative plural second-person)
акайтӧны (plural present third-person)
оз акайтӧй (negative plural present third-person)
акайтасны (future plural third-person)
оз акайтӧй (future negative plural third-person)
акайті (direct first-person past singular)
эг акайт (direct first-person negative past singular)
акайтін (direct past second-person singular)
эн акайт (direct negative past second-person singular)
акайтӧмыд (past reported second-person singular)
абу акайтӧмыд (negative past reported second-person singular)
акайтіс (direct past singular third-person)
эз акайт (direct negative past singular third-person)
акайтӧма (past reported singular third-person)
абу акайтӧма (negative past reported singular third-person)
акайтім (direct first-person past plural)
эг акайтӧй (direct first-person negative past plural)
акайтінныд (direct past plural second-person)
акайтід (direct past plural second-person)
эн акайтӧй (direct negative past plural second-person)
акайтӧмныд (past plural reported second-person)
абу акайтӧмныд (negative past plural reported second-person)
акайтісны (direct past plural third-person)
эз акайтӧй (direct negative past plural third-person)
акайтӧмаӧсь (past plural reported third-person)
абу акайтӧмаӧсь (negative past plural reported third-person)
акайт (direct imperative past second-person singular)
эн акайт (direct imperative negative past second-person singular)
акайтны (imperative infinitive negative past reported)
акайтӧй (direct imperative past plural second-person)
эн акайтӧй (direct imperative negative past plural second-person)
акайтысь (imperative negative participle past present reported)
акайтан (imperative imperfect negative participle past reported)
акайтӧм (imperative negative participle past perfect reported)
акайттӧм (caritive imperative negative participle past reported)
акайтны (impersonal nominative)
акайтным (first-person nominative)
акайтныд (nominative second-person)
акайтныс (nominative third-person)
акайтны (accusative impersonal)
акайтным (accusative first-person)
акайтнытӧ (accusative second-person)
акайтнысӧ (accusative third-person)

kpv-conj

абу акайтӧмыд

абу акайтӧма

абу акайтӧмныд

абу акайтӧмаӧсь

Onomatopoeic. Equivalent to Russian ахать (axatʹ) and акать (akatʹ).

(phonology, intransitive) to pronounce an unstressed о like an а in the Russian language


구개음화

Sino-Korean word from 口蓋音化, from 口蓋音 (“palatal sound”) + 化 (“-ize”).

ko-etym-sino

한자 的의 한국어 독음은 구개음화로 인해 ‘뎍’에서 ‘적’으로 변했다.
The Korean reading for the hanja 的 changed from dyeok to jeok due to palatalization.


intonacja akutowa

intonacja akutowa (nominative singular)
intonacje akutowe (nominative plural)
intonacji akutowej (genitive singular)
intonacji (genitive plural)
intonacyj  akutowych (archaic genitive plural)
intonacji akutowej (dative singular)
intonacjom akutowym (dative plural)
intonację akutową (accusative singular)
intonacje akutowe (accusative plural)
intonacją akutową (instrumental singular)
intonacjami akutowymi (instrumental plural)
intonacji akutowej (locative singular)
intonacjach akutowych (locative plural)
intonacjo akutowa (singular vocative)
intonacje akutowe (plural vocative)

(idiomatic, phonology) acute accent (rising tone)


akutowy

pl-adj

akutowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

akutowy (masculine nominative singular)
akutowa (feminine nominative singular)
akutowe (neuter nominative singular)
akutowi (nominative plural virile)
akutowe (nominative plural)
akutowego (genitive masculine singular)
akutowej (feminine genitive singular)
akutowego (genitive neuter singular)
akutowych (genitive plural)
akutowych (genitive plural virile)
akutowemu (dative masculine singular)
akutowej (dative feminine singular)
akutowemu (dative neuter singular)
akutowym (dative plural)
akutowym (dative plural virile)
akutowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
akutowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
akutową (accusative feminine singular)
akutowe (accusative neuter singular)
akutowych (accusative plural virile)
akutowe (accusative plural)
akutowym (instrumental masculine singular)
akutową (feminine instrumental singular)
akutowym (instrumental neuter singular)
akutowymi (instrumental plural)
akutowymi (instrumental plural virile)
akutowym (locative masculine singular)
akutowej (feminine locative singular)
akutowym (locative neuter singular)
akutowych (locative plural)
akutowych (locative plural virile)

From akut + -owy. First attested in 1913.

ref

Revue slavistique (in Polish), volume 6, 1913, page 309

akutowy in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(relational, phonology, typography) acute


akcent ostry

akcent ostry (nominative singular)
akcenty ostre (nominative plural)
akcentu ostrego (genitive singular)
akcentów ostrych (genitive plural)
akcentowi ostremu (dative singular)
akcentom ostrym (dative plural)
akcent ostry (accusative singular)
akcenty ostre (accusative plural)
akcentem ostrym (instrumental singular)
akcentami ostrymi (instrumental plural)
akcencie ostrym (locative singular)
akcentach ostrych (locative plural)
akcencie ostry (singular vocative)
akcenty ostre (plural vocative)


nazală

nazale (plural)
nazală (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
nazala (accusative definite nominative singular)
nazale (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
nazalele (accusative definite nominative plural)
nazale (indefinite singular)
nazalei (definite singular)
nazale (indefinite plural)
nazalelor (definite plural)
nazală (singular vocative)
nazalo (singular vocative)
nazalelor (plural vocative)


allofon

allofon (nominative singular)
allofony (nominative plural)
allofonu (genitive singular)
allofonów (genitive plural)
allofonowi (dative singular)
allofonom (dative plural)
allofon (accusative singular)
allofony (accusative plural)
allofonem (instrumental singular)
allofonami (instrumental plural)
allofonie (locative singular)
allofonach (locative plural)
allofonie (singular vocative)
allofony (plural vocative)

From allo- + -fon. First attested in 1937.

Meander: miesie̜cznik poświe̜cony kulturze świata starożytnego (in Polish), volume 42, 1937, page 180

allofon in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


alternacyjny

pl-adj

alternacyjny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

alternacyjny (masculine nominative singular)
alternacyjna (feminine nominative singular)
alternacyjne (neuter nominative singular)
alternacyjni (nominative plural virile)
alternacyjne (nominative plural)
alternacyjnego (genitive masculine singular)
alternacyjnej (feminine genitive singular)
alternacyjnego (genitive neuter singular)
alternacyjnych (genitive plural)
alternacyjnych (genitive plural virile)
alternacyjnemu (dative masculine singular)
alternacyjnej (dative feminine singular)
alternacyjnemu (dative neuter singular)
alternacyjnym (dative plural)
alternacyjnym (dative plural virile)
alternacyjnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
alternacyjny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
alternacyjną (accusative feminine singular)
alternacyjne (accusative neuter singular)
alternacyjnych (accusative plural virile)
alternacyjne (accusative plural)
alternacyjnym (instrumental masculine singular)
alternacyjną (feminine instrumental singular)
alternacyjnym (instrumental neuter singular)
alternacyjnymi (instrumental plural)
alternacyjnymi (instrumental plural virile)
alternacyjnym (locative masculine singular)
alternacyjnej (feminine locative singular)
alternacyjnym (locative neuter singular)
alternacyjnych (locative plural)
alternacyjnych (locative plural virile)

From alternacja + -ny. First attested in 1893.

ref

Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay (1893) Próba teorji alternacyj fonetycznych. Cz. 1, Ogólna (in Polish), page 9

alternacyjny in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

język alternacyjny

(relational, phonology) alternational, alternation (phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization)


alternacja

alternacja (nominative singular)
alternacje (nominative plural)
alternacji (genitive singular)
alternacji (genitive plural)
alternacyj (archaic genitive plural)
alternacji (dative singular)
alternacjom (dative plural)
alternację (accusative singular)
alternacje (accusative plural)
alternacją (instrumental singular)
alternacjami (instrumental plural)
alternacji (locative singular)
alternacjach (locative plural)
alternacjo (singular vocative)
alternacje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin alternātiō. First attested in 1646–1648.

Marek Kunicki-Goldfinger (23.01.2020) “ALTERNACJA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

reguła alternacji

(phonology) alternation (phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization)


alternować

alternować (infinitive)
alternuję (present singular)
alternujemy (plural present)
alternujesz (present singular)
alternujecie (plural present)
alternuje (present singular third-person)
alternują (plural present third-person)
alternuje się (impersonal present)
alternowałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m alternował (masculine past singular)
alternowałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m alternowała (feminine past singular)
alternowałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m alternowało (neuter past singular)
alternowaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy alternowali (past plural virile)
alternowałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy alternowały (nonvirile past plural)
alternowałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś alternował (masculine past singular)
alternowałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś alternowała (feminine past singular)
alternowałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś alternowało (neuter past singular)
alternowaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście alternowali (past plural virile)
alternowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście alternowały (nonvirile past plural)
alternował (masculine past singular third-person)
alternowała (feminine past singular third-person)
alternowało (neuter past singular third-person)
alternowali (past plural third-person virile)
alternowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
alternowano (impersonal past)
będę alternował (future masculine singular)
będę alternować (future masculine singular)
będę alternowała (feminine future singular)
będę alternować (feminine future singular)
będę alternowało (future neuter singular)
będę alternować (future neuter singular)
będziemy alternowali (future plural virile)
będziemy alternować (future plural virile)
będziemy alternowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy alternować (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz alternował (future masculine singular)
będziesz alternować (future masculine singular)
będziesz alternowała (feminine future singular)
będziesz alternować (feminine future singular)
będziesz alternowało (future neuter singular)
będziesz alternować (future neuter singular)
będziecie alternowali (future plural virile)
będziecie alternować (future plural virile)
będziecie alternowały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie alternować (future nonvirile plural)
będzie alternował (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie alternować (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie alternowała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie alternować (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie alternowało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie alternować (future neuter singular third-person)
będą alternowali (future plural third-person virile)
będą alternować (future plural third-person virile)
będą alternowały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą alternować (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie alternować się (future impersonal)
alternowałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym alternował (conditional masculine singular)
alternowałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym alternowała (conditional feminine singular)
alternowałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym alternowało (conditional neuter singular)
alternowalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy alternowali (conditional plural virile)
alternowałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy alternowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
alternowałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś alternował (conditional masculine singular)
alternowałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś alternowała (conditional feminine singular)
alternowałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś alternowało (conditional neuter singular)
alternowalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście alternowali (conditional plural virile)
alternowałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście alternowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
alternowałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by alternował (conditional masculine singular third-person)
alternowałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by alternowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
alternowałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by alternowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
alternowaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by alternowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
alternowałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by alternowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
alternowano by (conditional impersonal)
niech alternuję (imperative singular)
alternujmy (imperative plural)
alternuj (imperative singular)
alternujcie (imperative plural)
niech alternuje (imperative singular third-person)
niech alternują (imperative plural third-person)
alternujący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
alternująca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
alternujące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
alternujący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
alternujące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
alternując (adjectival contemporary participle)
alternowanie (noun-from-verb)

Adapted borrowing of Latin alternāre + -ować. First attested in 1744.

ref

Michał Abraham Troc (1744) Nouveau dictionnaire francois, allemand et polonois (etc.) (in Polish), page 5157

alternować in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

(intransitive, phonology) to alternate (to undergo ablaut) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with what’]


rizotònic

ca-adj

rizotònic (feminine rizotònica, masculine plural rizotònics, feminine plural rizotòniques)

rizotònica (feminine)
rizotònics (masculine plural)
rizotòniques (feminine plural)

From rizo- (“root”) + -tònic (“stressed”).

(linguistics) rhizotonic (stressed on the stem)


inaccentuat

inaccentuat (feminine inaccentuada, masculine plural inaccentuats, feminine plural inaccentuades)

inaccentuada (feminine)
inaccentuats (masculine plural)
inaccentuades (feminine plural)


arizotònic

arizotònic (feminine arizotònica, masculine plural arizotònics, feminine plural arizotòniques)

arizotònica (feminine)
arizotònics (masculine plural)
arizotòniques (feminine plural)

From a- (“not”) + rizotònic (“stem-stressed”).

af

(linguistics) arrhizotonic (stressed on a suffix as opposed to the stem)


àton

ca-adj

àton (feminine àtona, masculine plural àtons, feminine plural àtones)

àtona (feminine)
àtons (masculine plural)
àtones (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄτονος (átonos), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + τόνος (tónos, “tension, tone”).

lbor

síl·labes àtones


labială

labiale (plural)
labială (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
labiala (accusative definite nominative singular)
labiale (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
labialele (accusative definite nominative plural)
labiale (indefinite singular)
labialei (definite singular)
labiale (indefinite plural)
labialelor (definite plural)
labială (singular vocative)
labialo (singular vocative)
labialelor (plural vocative)


antykadencja

antykadencja (nominative singular)
antykadencje (nominative plural)
antykadencji (genitive singular)
antykadencji (genitive plural)
antykadencyj (archaic genitive plural)
antykadencji (dative singular)
antykadencjom (dative plural)
antykadencję (accusative singular)
antykadencje (accusative plural)
antykadencją (instrumental singular)
antykadencjami (instrumental plural)
antykadencji (locative singular)
antykadencjach (locative plural)
antykadencjo (singular vocative)
antykadencje (plural vocative)

From anty- + kadencja. First attested in 1902.

(phonology) rising tone (typical of questions or to signal that the speaker has not finished speaking yet)


apofoniczny

pl-adj

apofoniczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

apofoniczny (masculine nominative singular)
apofoniczna (feminine nominative singular)
apofoniczne (neuter nominative singular)
apofoniczni (nominative plural virile)
apofoniczne (nominative plural)
apofonicznego (genitive masculine singular)
apofonicznej (feminine genitive singular)
apofonicznego (genitive neuter singular)
apofonicznych (genitive plural)
apofonicznych (genitive plural virile)
apofonicznemu (dative masculine singular)
apofonicznej (dative feminine singular)
apofonicznemu (dative neuter singular)
apofonicznym (dative plural)
apofonicznym (dative plural virile)
apofonicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
apofoniczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
apofoniczną (accusative feminine singular)
apofoniczne (accusative neuter singular)
apofonicznych (accusative plural virile)
apofoniczne (accusative plural)
apofonicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
apofoniczną (feminine instrumental singular)
apofonicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
apofonicznymi (instrumental plural)
apofonicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
apofonicznym (locative masculine singular)
apofonicznej (feminine locative singular)
apofonicznym (locative neuter singular)
apofonicznych (locative plural)
apofonicznych (locative plural virile)

From apofonia + -iczny. First attested in 1905.

(relational, phonology) apophony; apophonic


sinkope

id-noun

sinkopé (first-person possessive sinkopeku, second-person possessive sinkopemu, third-person possessive sinkopenya)

sinkopé (canonical)
sinkopeku (first-person possessive)
sinkopemu (possessive second-person)
sinkopenya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ). Doublet of sinkop.

lbor

(linguistics, phonology, prosody) syncope: the loss or elision of a sound, from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.


韻頭

/yn⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/yn⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

Holonym: 韻母／韵母 (yùnmǔ, “all the part of the syllable after the onset, all of the syllable but the anlaut”)

(phonetics, phonology) onglide, the part of the inlaut which is not the nucleus


wzdłużenie zastępcze

wzdłużenie zastępcze (nominative singular)
wzdłużenia zastępcze (nominative plural)
wzdłużenia zastępczego (genitive singular)
wzdłużeń zastępczych (genitive plural)
wzdłużeniu zastępczemu (dative singular)
wzdłużeniom zastępczym (dative plural)
wzdłużenie zastępcze (accusative singular)
wzdłużenia zastępcze (accusative plural)
wzdłużeniem zastępczym (instrumental singular)
wzdłużeniami zastępczymi (instrumental plural)
wzdłużeniu zastępczym (locative singular)
wzdłużeniach zastępczych (locative plural)
wzdłużenie zastępcze (singular vocative)
wzdłużenia zastępcze (plural vocative)

Calque of English compensatory lengthening.

cal

Wzdłużenie zastępcze zaszło też przed spółgłoskami półotwartymi r, l, ł, j, np. wór – wora, bór — boru, ból — bolu, stół — stołu, znoj — znoju, ale nie zaszło przed m, n, np . dom – domu, koń - konia, dzwon - dzwonu.

1970, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Podstawowe wiadomości gramatyki historycznej je̜zyka polskiego: z wyborem tekstów staropolskich do ćwiczeń:

Compensatory lengthening also took place before semivowels r, l, ł, j, e.g. wór – wora, bór — boru, ból — bolu, stół — stołu, znoj — znoju, yet it did not take place before m, n, e.g. dom – domu, koń - konia, dzwon - dzwonu.

compensatory lengthening
compensatory lengthening


ㄷ 구개음화

From ㄷ (d, an alveolar consonant) + 구개음화 (gugaeeumhwa, “palatalization”).

compound

(phonology) palatalization of alveolar consonants to alveolopalatal consonants (e.g. 둏다 (dyota) → 좋다 (jota))


ㄱ 구개음화

From ㄱ (g, a velar consonant) + 구개음화 (gugaeeumhwa, “palatalization”).

한국어와 중국어에서 ㄱ 구개음화만 일어나지 않았어도 김치의 중국어 명칭에 대해 고민하지 않아도 됐을 것이다.

If velar-to-alveolopalatal palatalization did not occur in Korean and Chinese, (people) would not have to think about a Chinese term for kimchi.

Han'gugeo-wa junggugeo-eseo giyeok gugaeeumhwa-man ireonaji anasseodo gimchi-ui junggugeo myeongching-e daehae gominhaji anado dwaesseul geos-ida.

(phonology) palatalization of velar consonants to alveolopalatal consonants (e.g. 기름 (gireum) → 지름 (jireum))


asymilacyjnie

(phonology) in a way relating to assimilation (the changing of one phoneme to be more like another)


asymilacyjny

pl-adj

asymilacyjny (not comparable, derived adverb asymilacyjnie)

asymilacyjny (masculine nominative singular)
asymilacyjna (feminine nominative singular)
asymilacyjne (neuter nominative singular)
asymilacyjni (nominative plural virile)
asymilacyjne (nominative plural)
asymilacyjnego (genitive masculine singular)
asymilacyjnej (feminine genitive singular)
asymilacyjnego (genitive neuter singular)
asymilacyjnych (genitive plural)
asymilacyjnych (genitive plural virile)
asymilacyjnemu (dative masculine singular)
asymilacyjnej (dative feminine singular)
asymilacyjnemu (dative neuter singular)
asymilacyjnym (dative plural)
asymilacyjnym (dative plural virile)
asymilacyjnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
asymilacyjny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
asymilacyjną (accusative feminine singular)
asymilacyjne (accusative neuter singular)
asymilacyjnych (accusative plural virile)
asymilacyjne (accusative plural)
asymilacyjnym (instrumental masculine singular)
asymilacyjną (feminine instrumental singular)
asymilacyjnym (instrumental neuter singular)
asymilacyjnymi (instrumental plural)
asymilacyjnymi (instrumental plural virile)
asymilacyjnym (locative masculine singular)
asymilacyjnej (feminine locative singular)
asymilacyjnym (locative neuter singular)
asymilacyjnych (locative plural)
asymilacyjnych (locative plural virile)

(relational, phonology) assimilational (the changing of one phoneme to be more like another)


asynchronia

asynchronia (nominative singular)
asynchronii (genitive singular)
asynchronii (dative singular)
asynchronię (accusative singular)
asynchronią (instrumental singular)
asynchronii (locative singular)
asynchronio (singular vocative)

(phonology) asynchrony (the phenomenon of articulators being out of sync)


asybilacja

asybilacja (nominative singular)
asybilacji (genitive singular)
asybilacji (dative singular)
asybilację (accusative singular)
asybilacją (instrumental singular)
asybilacji (locative singular)
asybilacjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French assibilation, from Latin sībilō.


atoniczny

atoniczny (comparative bardziej atoniczny, superlative najbardziej atoniczny, no derived adverb)

bardziej atoniczny (comparative)
najbardziej atoniczny (superlative)
atoniczny (masculine nominative singular)
atoniczna (feminine nominative singular)
atoniczne (neuter nominative singular)
atoniczni (nominative plural virile)
atoniczne (nominative plural)
atonicznego (genitive masculine singular)
atonicznej (feminine genitive singular)
atonicznego (genitive neuter singular)
atonicznych (genitive plural)
atonicznych (genitive plural virile)
atonicznemu (dative masculine singular)
atonicznej (dative feminine singular)
atonicznemu (dative neuter singular)
atonicznym (dative plural)
atonicznym (dative plural virile)
atonicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
atoniczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
atoniczną (accusative feminine singular)
atoniczne (accusative neuter singular)
atonicznych (accusative plural virile)
atoniczne (accusative plural)
atonicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
atoniczną (feminine instrumental singular)
atonicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
atonicznymi (instrumental plural)
atonicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
atonicznym (locative masculine singular)
atonicznej (feminine locative singular)
atonicznym (locative neuter singular)
atonicznych (locative plural)
atonicznych (locative plural virile)


あ段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the first and highest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the ten kana あ/ア (a), か/カ (ka), さ/サ (sa), た/タ (ta), な/ナ (na), は/ハ (ha), ま/マ (ma), や/ヤ (ya), ら/ラ (ra) and わ/ワ (wa)


は行

は行 (canonical)
hagyō (romanization)
fagyau (romanization)
はぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ハ行下一段/上二段/下二段/四段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the sixth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana は/ハ (ha), ひ/ヒ (hi), ふ/フ (fu), へ/ヘ (he) and ほ/ホ (ho)


あ行

あ行 (canonical)
agyō (romanization)
agyau (romanization)
あぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ア行上一段/下一段/下二段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the first row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana あ/ア (a), い/イ (i), う/ウ (u), え/エ (e) and お/オ (o)


ば行

ば行 (canonical)
bagyō (romanization)
bagyau (romanization)
ばぎゃう (hiragana historical)

バ行上一段/下一段/上二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) a row derived from the は行 (“ha-row”) of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”) (but not included in the table) by adding the diacritical mark ゛, consisting of the five kana ば/バ (ba), び/ビ (bi), ぶ/ブ (bu), べ/ベ (be) and ぼ/ボ (bo)


や行

や行 (canonical)
yagyō (romanization)
yagyau (romanization)
やぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ヤ行上一段/上二段/下二段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the eighth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana や/ヤ (ya), い/イ (i) (alternatively, 𛀆/𛄠 (yi)), ゆ/ユ (yu), え/エ (e) (alternatively, 𛀁/𛄡 (ye)) and よ/ヨ (yo), two of which are taken from the あ行 (“a-row”) to represent classical grammatical inflection in modern text


五十音図

ja-noun

五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん)図(ず) • (gojūonzu) ^(←ごじふおんづ (gozifuondu)?)

五十音図 (canonical)
gojūonzu (romanization)
gozifuondu (romanization)
ごじふおんづ (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞ʑɨːõ̞nd͡zɨ]

五十音 (literally “fifty sounds”) + 図 (“diagram”)

suf

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the 5x10 table used for arranging all the 47 kana used for the 五十音 (literally “fifty sounds”), whose 列 (“columns”) are arranged by the vowels (/a/, /i/, /ɯ/, /e/, /o/) and 行 (“rows”) are arranged by the consonants (Ø, /k/, /s/, /t/, /n/, /h/, /m/, /j/, /ɾ/, /w/; voiced obstruents and /p/ are customarily not included because they were rarely distinguished in writing); columns are ranked by 段 (“grade”), with the vowel /a/ being the highest grade and the vowel /o/ being the lowest; the missing cells of the や行 (“ya-row”) and わ行 (“wa-row”) are filled with い/イ (i), え/エ (e) and う/ウ (u) taken from the あ行 (“a-row”), in order to represent classical grammatical inflection with modern text (or alternatively, artificially filled with rare kana such as 𛀆/𛄠 (yi), 𛀁/𛄡 (ye) and 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu))


わ行

わ行 (canonical)
wagyō (romanization)
wagyau (romanization)
わぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ワ行上一段 / 下二段 / 五段活用

wagyō kamīchidan / shimonidan / godan katsuyō

wa-row upper-bigrade / lower-bigrade / quintigrade inflection

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the tenth and last row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana わ/ワ (wa), ゐ/ヰ (wi), う/ウ (u) (alternatively, 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu)), ゑ/ヱ (we) and を/ヲ (wo), one of which is taken from the あ行 (“a-row”) to represent classical grammatical inflection in modern text


ぱ行

ぱ行 (canonical)
pagyō (romanization)
pagyau (romanization)
ぱぎゃう (hiragana historical)

(phonology, orthography) a row derived from the は行 (“ha-row”) of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”) (but not included in the table) by adding the diacritical mark ゜, consisting of the five kana ぱ/パ (pa), ぴ/ピ (pi), ぷ/プ (pu), ぺ/ペ (pe) and ぽ/ポ (po)


stress accent

Coordinate term: pitch accent

(phonology) A method or application of realizing phonological prominence of a segment phonetically by loudness or duration.


wokalizacja

wokalizacja (nominative singular)
wokalizacji (genitive singular)
wokalizacji (dative singular)
wokalizację (accusative singular)
wokalizacją (instrumental singular)
wokalizacji (locative singular)
wokalizacjo (singular vocative)

(phonology) vocalization (change in pronunciation of historically or variably consonant (typically sonorant) sounds as vowels)


فونيم

ar-noun

فُونِيم • (funīm, fōnēm) m (plural فُونِيمَات (funīmāt, fōnēmāt))

فُونِيم (canonical)
funīm (romanization)
fōnēm (romanization)
فُونِيمَات (plural)
فُونِيم (indefinite informal singular triptote)
فُونِيم (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْفُونِيم (definite informal singular triptote)
الْفُونِيم (definite informal singular triptote)
فُونِيم (construct informal singular triptote)
فُونِيم (construct informal singular triptote)
فُونِيمٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
فُونِيمًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
فُونِيمَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
فُونِيمَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
فُونِيمٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
فُونِيمٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
فُونِيمِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
فُونِيمِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
فُونِيمَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
الْفُونِيمَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
فُونِيمَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
فُونِيمَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الْفُونِيمَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
فُونِيمَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

ar-decl-noun

فُونِيم/funīm

فُونِيم/fōnēm


ウ音便

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became う (u)


イ音便

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became い (i)


長子音

Coordinate term: 長母音

(phonology) a long consonant; a geminate consonant


促音便

促音便 (canonical)
sokuonbin (romanization)

[so̞kɯ̟õ̞mbʲĩɴ]

Blend of 促音 (sokuon, “moraic obstruent”) + 音便 (onbin, “euphony”)

blend

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became sokuon before a stop, especially before /t/


撥音便

撥音便 (canonical)
hatsuonbin (romanization)

[ha̠t͡sɨõ̞mbʲĩɴ]

Blend of 撥音 (hatsuon, “moraic nasal”) + 音便 (onbin, “euphony”)

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became a moraic nasal


短母音

短母音 (canonical)
tanboin (romanization)
短母音 (canonical)
mijikaboin (romanization)


長母音

ja-noun

長(ちょう)母(ぼ)音(いん) • (chōboin) ^(←ちゃうぼいん (tyauboin)?)

長母音 (canonical)
chōboin (romanization)
tyauboin (romanization)
ちゃうぼいん (hiragana historical)
長母音 (canonical)
nagaboin (romanization)

[t͡ɕo̞ːbo̞ĩɴ]

Coordinate term: 長子音


曖昧アクセント

曖昧アクセント (canonical)
aimai akusento (romanization)

(phonology) in certain Japanese dialects, pitch accent that is highly inconsistent and unpredictable


一型アクセント

一型アクセント (canonical)
ikkei akusento (romanization)

一型 (“1 type”) + アクセント (“accent”), literally “uniform accent”

af

(phonology) the lack of any phonemic pitch accent in certain dialects of Japanese (all words have the same accent)

(phonology) the lack of any phonemic pitch accent among words with the same mora count in certain dialects of Japanese (words with the same mora count have the same accent)


直音

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 直音.

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

(Japanese orthography and phonology) a mora that consists of either (1) one vowel or (2) one consonant and one vowel, and is spelt with only one full-sized kana, such as あ (a), き (ki) or ぶ (bu)


直音

[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟õ̞ɴ]


モーラ

ja-noun

モーラ • (mōra)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora, via English mora.

Meronyms: 子音 (shiin, “consonant”), 母音 (boin, “vowel”)


特殊拍

特殊拍 (canonical)
tokushuhaku (romanization)

アクセント核 アクセント核#Japanese

(Japanese phonology) a mora that is variously dubbed in English "special mora" (literal translation), "non-syllabic mora" (by Kubozono Haruo), "non-head mora", or "deficient mora" (by Laurence Labrune), and that is unique in that it cannot form a 音節 (onsetsu, “syllable”) on its own, that it never occurs at the beginning of a word, and that is incapable of acting as an アクセント核 (akusento-kaku, “accent kernel”); morae like these include the 促音 (sokuon, “moraic obstruent”), the 撥音 (hatsuon, “moraic nasal”), the second half of a 長音 (chōon, “long vowel”), and the second half of a 二重母音 (nijū boin, “diphthong”)


samogłoska kardynalna

samogłoska kardynalna (nominative singular)
samogłoski kardynalne (nominative plural)
samogłoski kardynalnej (genitive singular)
samogłosek kardynalnych (genitive plural)
samogłosce kardynalnej (dative singular)
samogłoskom kardynalnym (dative plural)
samogłoskę kardynalną (accusative singular)
samogłoski kardynalne (accusative plural)
samogłoską kardynalną (instrumental singular)
samogłoskami kardynalnymi (instrumental plural)
samogłosce kardynalnej (locative singular)
samogłoskach kardynalnych (locative plural)
samogłosko kardynalna (singular vocative)
samogłoski kardynalne (plural vocative)

Calque of English cardinal vowel, coined in early 1900s by a British phonetician Daniel Jones.

(phonetics) cardinal vowel (a vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low)


samogłoska podstawowa

samogłoska podstawowa (nominative singular)
samogłoski podstawowe (nominative plural)
samogłoski podstawowej (genitive singular)
samogłosek podstawowych (genitive plural)
samogłosce podstawowej (dative singular)
samogłoskom podstawowym (dative plural)
samogłoskę podstawową (accusative singular)
samogłoski podstawowe (accusative plural)
samogłoską podstawową (instrumental singular)
samogłoskami podstawowymi (instrumental plural)
samogłosce podstawowej (locative singular)
samogłoskach podstawowych (locative plural)
samogłosko podstawowa (singular vocative)
samogłoski podstawowe (plural vocative)


upodobnienie

upodobnienie (nominative singular)
upodobnienia (nominative plural)
upodobnienia (genitive singular)
upodobnień (genitive plural)
upodobnieniu (dative singular)
upodobnieniom (dative plural)
upodobnienie (accusative singular)
upodobnienia (accusative plural)
upodobnieniem (instrumental singular)
upodobnieniami (instrumental plural)
upodobnieniu (locative singular)
upodobnieniach (locative plural)
upodobnienie (singular vocative)
upodobnienia (plural vocative)

(phonetics, phonology) assimilation (sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word)


chú âm phù hiệu

[t͡ɕu˧˦ ʔəm˧˧ fu˨˩ hiəw˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧ fʊw˦˩ hiw˨˩ʔ]

[cʊw˦˥ ʔəm˧˧ fʊw˨˩ hiw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chú âm phù hiệu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 注音符號 (“bopomofo”)

vi-etym-sino

(phonology) Zhuyin fuhao or bopomofo, a phonetic alphabet used to transcribe Mandarin for students of that language and for inputting Chinese, used in Taiwan.


父音

父音 (canonical)
父音 (canonical)
fuin (romanization)
fuon (romanization)

父 (“father”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/).

Holonym: 子音 (shion)

Coordinate term: 母音 (boon)

父音とは、母音と配合して、子音をつくる一種の音なり。その音隱微にして、 いまだ、判然と口外にあらはれたるものにあらず。されば、また、これを標すべき文字のあることなし。今、假に、片假字を以て示すときは、五十音の宇列の、ク、ス、ツ、ヌ、フ、ム、ユ、ル、ウ、九個の子音より、母音を引き去りたる跡にのこれるもの、卽ちこれなり。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第二章 母音 父音 子音 [Chapter 2: Mother Sounds, Father Sounds and Child Sounds]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 6:

‘Father sounds’ are a class of sounds that combines with mother sounds to make child sounds. They are obscure: there is no obvious way to enunciate them. As such, there are no letters for representing them either. Now, if we tentatively note them with katakana, using this column of the fifty sounds, ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u, they shall be just whatever is left after we take the mother sounds out of these nine child sounds.

Fuon to wa, boon to haigō shite, shion o tsukuru isshu no on nari. Sono on inbi ni shite, imada, hanzen to kōgai ni araware taru mono ni arazu. Sare ba, mata, kore o shirusu beki moji no aru koto nashi. Ima, kari ni, katakana o motte shimesu toki wa, gojūon no jiretsu no, ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru, u, kuko no shion yori, boon o hikisari taru ato ni nokoreru mono, sunawachi kore nari.

母音と配合して、子音を生ずる、幽微なる音を、父音といふ。父音をあらはすべき、文字は無けれど、假に、クスツヌフムユル𛄢の九字と以て、之にあつ。父母兩音の配合して、子音を生ずる狀、左の如し。

1897 March, “〇父音 [Father Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會:

Father sounds are subtle sounds that combine with mother sounds to bear child sounds. There are no letters for representing father sounds, so the nine letters ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are tentatively used here. The ways father and mother sounds combine and bear child sounds are illustrated on the left.

Boon to haigō shite, shion o shōzuru, iubi naru on o, FUON to iu. Fuon o arawasu beki, moji wa nakere do, kari ni, ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru u no kuji to motte, kore ni atsu. Fubo ryōon no haigō shite, shion o shōzuru jō, hidari no gotoshi.

故に、此の四十五音を、子音と稱し、其のクスツヌフムユル𛄢の如き九音を、父音と稱す。此の父音は、極めて隱微なるものにて、明に聲に發する能はざれど、やゝ、これ等に似たる故に、此の九個の音の文字にて、これを示せるなり。

1897 November, Shioi, Ukō, “第二 子音 [Number 2: Child Sounds]”, in 中學日本文典 [A Middle-School Japanese Grammar], 六盟館, page 3:

Thus, the forty-five sounds are called ‘child sounds’, and the nine sounds such as ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are called ‘father sounds’. The father sounds are highly obscure, and even though they can be clearly uttered, they can only be approximated by these nine phonetic letters that sound close to them.

Yue ni, kono shijūgoon o, shion to shōshi, sono ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru u no gotoki kuon o, fuon to shōsu. Kono fuon wa, kiwamete inbi naru mono ni te, saya ni koe ni hassuru nō wa zaredo, yaya, korera ni ni taru ni, kono kuko no on no moji ni te, kore o shimeseru nari.

父音は、モルガニー竇以上、卽ち副管中の或る局部に於ける、音の摩擦、密閉等によりて生ずるものである。前に母音の特質として擧げたるものを知らば、母音ならざるものゝ特質も推量せられるであらうが、とにかく、父音と母音との根本的區別に於て、下の如く說くことが出來る。母音に於ては、口腔は單に有聲の音を共鳴するので、有聲の音と云ふが母音の本質であるが、父音は口腔內に於ける音の通路を狹窄して、摩擦音を生じたり、密閉して之を破裂して、一種の破裂音を生じたりするので、口鼻腔內の調節が其の要素で、聲門の開閉はどうでもよいので、時には開いて息の音たり、時には閉ぢて聲の音たることが出來る。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十四章 父音 [Chapter 14: Consonants]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 75:

Consonants are sounds generated due to friction, closure, etc., at specific places of articulation above the sinus of Morgagni in the vocal tract. The characteristics of vowels have been discussed earlier, so it should not be too difficult to infer the characteristics of non-vowels. As such, the fundamental distinction between consonants and vowels can be explained as follows. For vowels, the voiced sound merely resonates in the oral cavity, and that voiced sound is characteristic of vowels. Whereas for consonants, the path of the sound through the oral cavity may be constricted in the case of fricatives, or closed and followed by a burst in the case of plosives; there may also be modulation in the oral and nasal cavities, the opening and closing of the glottis may not be relevant, or an opening may result in airflow, or a closure may result in phonation.

Fuon wa, Moruganī-tō ijō, sunawachi fukukanchū no aru kyokubu ni okeru, on no masatsu, mippei tō ni yorite shōzuru mono de aru. Mae ni boon no tokushitsu to shite age taru mono o shira ba, boon narazaru mono no tokushitsu mo suiryō serareru de arō ga, to ni kaku, fuon to boon to no konponteki kubetsu ni oite, shita no gotoku toku koto ga dekiru. Boon ni oite wa, kōkō wa tan ni yūsei no on o kyōmei suru no de, yūsei no on to iu ga boon no honshitsu de aru ga, fuon wa kōkōnai ni okeru on no tsūro o kyōsaku shite, masatsuon o shōji tari, mippei shite kore o haretsu shite, isshu no haretsuon o shōji tari suru no de, kōbikōnai no chōsetsu ga sono yōso de, seimon no kaihei wa dō de mo yoi no de, toki ni wa aite iki no on tari, toki ni wa tojite koe no on taru koto ga dekiru.

ク、ス、ツ、ヌ、フ、ム、ユ、ル、ウの九文字を、父音と云ふ、

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “父音 [Father Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 14:

The nine letters ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are called ‘father sounds’

Ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru, u no kumoji o, fuon to iu,

父(ふ)音(おん)と云(い)ふものはカサタナハマヤラの八字(じ)を云(い)ふのでありまして、大(おほ)きな環(くわん)から左(さ)に示(しめ)す圖(づ)式(しき)のやうに取(と)るのであります。

1912, 淸 榊原, “⑶ 父音 [(3) Father Sounds]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, page 13:

‘Father sounds’ are the eight letters ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya and ra, and they are written as shown in the diagram on the left page, around the big circle.

Fuon to iu mono wa ka sa ta na ha ma ya ra no hachiji o iu no de arimashite, ōki na kan kara sa ni shimesu zushiki no yō ni toru no de arimasu.

(obsolete, phonetics, phonology) Synonym of 子音 (shiin, “a consonant”)


熟音

[d͡ʑɨkɯ̟õ̞ɴ]

五十音の外に、また、一種の熟音あり。これを濁音、及び、半濁音といふ。濁音とは、本音を濁りて呼ぶものにて、子音の中、加、佐、多、波、の四行の諸音をいふ。この音を示すには別に、その文字なく、本音の假字の肩に、二個の小點を加ふ。卽ち、左の如し。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第三章 濁音 半濁音及その文字 [Chapter 3: Muddy Sounds, Semi-Muddy Sounds and How to Write Them]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 10:

Outside the fifty sounds, there is yet another class of complex sounds. These are called ‘muddy sounds’ and ‘semi-muddy sounds’. Muddy sounds are the base child sounds of the four rows ka, sa, ta and ha, being muddied up when they are pronounced. There are no letters to specifically note these sounds, so two small dots are added on the shoulders of the kana for the base sounds, as shown on the left.

Gojūon no soto ni, mata, isshu no jukuon ari. Kore o dakuon, oyobi, handakuon to iu. Dakuon to wa, hon'on o nigorite yobu mono nite, shion no naka, ka, sa, ta, ha, no shigyō no shoon o iu. Kono on o shimesu ni wa betsu ni, sono moji naku, hon'on no kana no kata ni, niko no shōten o kuwau. Sunawachi, hidari no gotoshi.

(Japanese phonology) a mora with an onset consonant, such as か (ka) or が (ga)


ธนิต

th-adj

ธนิต • (tá-nít)


ธนิต

th-noun

ธนิต • (tá-nít)


диссимиляция

ru-noun+

диссимиля́ция

диссимиля́ция • (dissimiljácija) f inan (genitive диссимиля́ции, nominative plural диссимиля́ции, genitive plural диссимиля́ций)

диссимиля́ция (canonical)
dissimiljácija (romanization)
диссимиля́ции (genitive)
диссимиля́ции (nominative plural)
диссимиля́ций (genitive plural)
диссимиля́ция (nominative singular)
диссимиля́ции (nominative plural)
диссимиля́ции (genitive singular)
диссимиля́ций (genitive plural)
диссимиля́ции (dative singular)
диссимиля́циям (dative plural)
диссимиля́цию (accusative singular)
диссимиля́ции (accusative plural)
диссимиля́цией (instrumental singular)
диссимиля́циею (instrumental singular)
диссимиля́циями (instrumental plural)
диссимиля́ции (prepositional singular)
диссимиля́циях (plural prepositional)

[dʲɪsʲɪmʲɪˈlʲat͡sɨjə]

ru:диссимиляция


สิถิล

th-adj

สิถิล • (sì-tǐn)

From Pali sithila, from Sanskrit शिथिल, शिथिर (śithila, śithira).

der

शिथिल, शिथिर


สิถิล

th-noun

สิถิล • (sì-tǐn)

der

शिथिल, शिथिर

(phonology) unaspirated consonants, such as ป, ต, ก, จ in Thai


расподобление

ru-noun+

диссимиля́ция

диссимиля́ция (canonical)
dissimiljácija (romanization)
диссимиля́ции (genitive)
диссимиля́ции (nominative plural)
диссимиля́ций (genitive plural)
расподобле́ние (nominative singular)
расподобле́ния (nominative plural)
расподобле́ния (genitive singular)
расподобле́ний (genitive plural)
расподобле́нию (dative singular)
расподобле́ниям (dative plural)
расподобле́ние (accusative singular)
расподобле́ния (accusative plural)
расподобле́нием (instrumental singular)
расподобле́ниями (instrumental plural)
расподобле́нии (prepositional singular)
расподобле́ниях (plural prepositional)

ru:расподобление


bezakcentowy

pl-adj

bezakcentowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

bezakcentowy (masculine nominative singular)
bezakcentowa (feminine nominative singular)
bezakcentowe (neuter nominative singular)
bezakcentowi (nominative plural virile)
bezakcentowe (nominative plural)
bezakcentowego (genitive masculine singular)
bezakcentowej (feminine genitive singular)
bezakcentowego (genitive neuter singular)
bezakcentowych (genitive plural)
bezakcentowych (genitive plural virile)
bezakcentowemu (dative masculine singular)
bezakcentowej (dative feminine singular)
bezakcentowemu (dative neuter singular)
bezakcentowym (dative plural)
bezakcentowym (dative plural virile)
bezakcentowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
bezakcentowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
bezakcentową (accusative feminine singular)
bezakcentowe (accusative neuter singular)
bezakcentowych (accusative plural virile)
bezakcentowe (accusative plural)
bezakcentowym (instrumental masculine singular)
bezakcentową (feminine instrumental singular)
bezakcentowym (instrumental neuter singular)
bezakcentowymi (instrumental plural)
bezakcentowymi (instrumental plural virile)
bezakcentowym (locative masculine singular)
bezakcentowej (feminine locative singular)
bezakcentowym (locative neuter singular)
bezakcentowych (locative plural)
bezakcentowych (locative plural virile)

(phonology) unaccented, accentless, stressless


hard r

Rhineland Germans have a soft, back "r," while those in eastern and southern Germany use an alveodental "r," due (one supposes) to the respective influence of the French on the one hand and Slavs or Italians on the other. The "hard r" is said to carry better in an auditorium or on the radio, so performers from the Rhineland must learn to deliver those "theatrical r's."

1999 March 7, David Mannix, “The Theater Season; Stage Speech”, in The New York Times, page sec. 2 p. 4:

His broad "a's" and hard "r's" forever marked him as a son of the Midwest.

2001 October 8, Marilyn Berger, “Herblock, Cartoonist Who Humbled Mighty, Is Dead at 91”, in The New York Times:

There is both a soft r and a hard r, the latter usually spelled ŕ (ŕege – king).

2002, Kenneth Katzner, Kirk Miller, “Basque”, in The Languages of the World, 3rd edition, Routledge, →ISBN, page 58:

In Blood on the Tracks, Dylan has his r's mostly on half-articulation. Medial and terminal r's are appropriately turned off in the bluesy “Meet Me in the Morning,” but the songs of this album have more hard r's than we've heard in a long time, including some words where we might expect to find the “r” missing: “weather,” “horses,” “heart,” “boxcar door,” “apart,” “anymore."

2010 April 8, David Pichaske, Song of the North Country: A Midwest Framework to the Songs of Bob Dylan, A&C Black, →ISBN, page 99:

‘Make sure you hit the hard R’s.’ He was obsessed with R’s. I’m like, OK, arrrre you sure?

2022 January 28, Dave Itzkoff, “Watch the Throne: How Joel Coen Came to Make ‘The Tragedy of Macbeth’”, in The New York Times, page AR16:

(phonetics, phonology, informal) A rhotic sound which is emphatic or strongly enunciated; in English accents especially a postvocalic consonantal r, as distinguished from its absence in a nonrhotic accent or from an R-coloured vowel.


い段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the second and second-highest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana い/イ (i), き/キ (ki), し/シ (shi), ち/チ (chi), に/ニ (ni), ひ/ヒ (hi), み/ミ (mi), り/リ (ri) and ゐ/ヰ (wi), and sometimes additionally 𛀆/𛄠 (yi)


お段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fifth and lowest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the ten kana お/オ (o), こ/コ (ko), そ/ソ (so), と/ト (to), の/ノ (no), ほ/ホ (ho), も/モ (mo), よ/ヨ (yo), ろ/ロ (ro) and を/ヲ (wo)


ら行

ら行 (canonical)
ragyō (romanization)
ragyau (romanization)
らぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ラ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the ninth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ら/ラ (ra), り/リ (ri), る/ル (ru), れ/レ (re) and ろ/ロ (ro)


た行

た行 (canonical)
tagyō (romanization)
tagyau (romanization)
たぎゃう (hiragana historical)

タ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fourth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana た/タ (ta), ち/チ (chi), つ/ツ (tsu), て/テ (te) and と/ト (to)


か行

か行 (canonical)
kagyō (romanization)
kagyau (romanization)
かぎゃう (hiragana historical)

カ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the second row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana か/カ (ka), き/キ (ki), く/ク (ku), け/ケ (ke) and こ/コ (ko)


う段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the third and middle-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana う/ウ (u), く/ク (ku), す/ス (su), つ/ツ (tsu), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ふ/フ (fu), む/ム (mu), ゆ/ユ (yu) and る/ル (ru), and sometimes additionally 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu)


さ行

さ行 (canonical)
sagyō (romanization)
sagyau (romanization)
さぎゃう (hiragana historical)

サ行下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the third row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana さ/サ (sa), し/シ (shi), す/ス (su), せ/セ (se) and そ/ソ (so)


な行

な行 (canonical)
nagyō (romanization)
nagyau (romanization)
なぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ナ行上一段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fifth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana な/ナ (na), に/ニ (ni), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ね/ネ (ne) and の/ノ (no)


え段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fourth and second-lowest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana え/エ (e), け/ケ (ke), せ/セ (se), て/テ (te), ね/ネ (ne), へ/ヘ (he), め/メ (me), れ/レ (re) and ゑ/ヱ (we), and sometimes additionally 𛀁/𛄡 (ye)


ま行

ま行 (canonical)
magyō (romanization)
magyau (romanization)
まぎゃう (hiragana historical)

マ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the sixth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ま/マ (ma), み/ミ (mi), む/ム (mu), め/メ (me) and も/モ (mo)


applosive

Our recent fiber-optic studies on applosives (unreleased plosives) in the word-final position in Fukienese, a dialect of southern China, revealed interesting findings on larygeneal adjustment (Iwata et al., 1979).

1983, Peter F. MacNeilage, editor, The Production of Speech, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:

(phonology) An unreleased plosive, denoted ◌̚ in the IPA.


സന്ധി

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi).

lbor

(linguistics, grammar, phonology) sandhi, phonological process occurring at morpheme or word boundaries


pehmitös

pehmitös (nominative singular)
pehmitökset (nominative plural)
pehmitöksen (genitive singular)
pehmitöksiin (genitive plural)
pehmitöstä (partitive singular)
pehmitöst (partitive singular)
pehmitöksiä (partitive plural)
pehmitöksee (illative singular)
pehmitöksii (illative plural)
pehmitöksees (inessive singular)
pehmitöksiis (inessive plural)
pehmitöksest (elative singular)
pehmitöksist (elative plural)
pehmitökselle (allative singular)
pehmitöksille (allative plural)
pehmitökseel (adessive singular)
pehmitöksiil (adessive plural)
pehmitökselt (ablative singular)
pehmitöksilt (ablative plural)
pehmitökseks (singular translative)
pehmitöksiks (plural translative)
pehmitöksennä (essive singular)
pehmitökseen (essive singular)
pehmitöksinnä (essive plural)
pehmitöksiin (essive plural)
pehmitöksent (exessive singular)
pehmitöksint (exessive plural)

From pehmittää (“to soften”) + -ös. Akin to Finnish pehmitys.