ფონეტიკური პროცესი

ფონეტიკური პროცესები

ფონეტიკური პროცესი • (poneṭiḳuri ṗrocesi) (plural ფონეტიკური პროცესები)

poneṭiḳuri ṗrocesi (romanization)
ფონეტიკური პროცესები (plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესი (nominative singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესები (nominative plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესნი (archaic nominative plural)
ფონეტიკურმა პროცესმა (ergative singular)
ფონეტიკურმა პროცესებმა (ergative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთ (archaic ergative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთ (archaic ergative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთაt) (archaic ergative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთაta) (archaic ergative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესს (dative singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესს (dative singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესსაs) (dative singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესსაsa) (dative singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებს (dative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებს (dative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებსაs) (dative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებსაsa) (dative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთ (archaic dative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთ (archaic dative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთაt) (archaic dative plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთაta) (archaic dative plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესის (genitive singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესის (genitive singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესისაs) (genitive singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესისაsa) (genitive singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესების (genitive plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესების (genitive plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებისაs) (genitive plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებისაsa) (genitive plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთ (archaic genitive plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთ (archaic genitive plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთაt) (archaic genitive plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთაta) (archaic genitive plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესით (instrumental singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესით (instrumental singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესითაt) (instrumental singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესითაta) (instrumental singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებით (instrumental plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებით (instrumental plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებითაt) (instrumental plural)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებითაta) (instrumental plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესად (adverbial singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესად (adverbial singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესადაd) (adverbial singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესადაda) (adverbial singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებად (adverbial plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებად (adverbial plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებადაd) (adverbial plural)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებადაda) (adverbial plural)
ფონეტიკურო პროცესო (singular vocative)
ფონეტიკურო პროცესებო (plural vocative)
ფონეტიკური პროცესნო (archaic plural vocative)
-ზე (postpositional with-dative)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესზე (singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებზე (plural)
-თან (postpositional with-dative)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესთან (singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებთან (plural)
-ში (postpositional with-dative)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესში (singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებში (plural)
-ვით (postpositional with-dative)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესივით (singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებივით (plural)
-თვის (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონეტიკური პროცესისთვის (singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებისთვის (plural)
-ებრ (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონეტიკური პროცესისებრ (singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებისებრ (plural)
-კენ (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონეტიკური პროცესისკენ (singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებისკენ (plural)
-გან (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონეტიკური პროცესისგან (singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებისგან (plural)
-დან (postpositional with-instrumental)
ფონეტიკური პროცესიდან (singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებიდან (plural)
-ურთ (postpositional with-instrumental)
ფონეტიკური პროცესითურთ (singular)
ფონეტიკური პროცესებითურთ (plural)
-მდე (postpositional with-adverb)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესამდე (singular)
ფონეტიკურ პროცესებამდე (plural)

ფო‧ნე‧ტი‧კუ‧რი

(phonology) sound change (word-for-word: phonetic process [of sound change])


complementary allophone

en-noun

complementary allophone (plural complementary allophones)

... complementary allophone from the underlying phoneme. In each pair, the unaspirated form has a more general distribution. The aspirated allophone occurs in a very specific set of circumstances: in initial position of a word or stressed[…]

2017, Robert Kennedy, Phonology: A Coursebook, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 102:

... complementary allophone of /i/, its occurrence being largely restricted to positions before /r, h, hw/. Similarly, the emergence of short 〈aú〉 /ɔ/ was primarily associated with PGmc. /u/ preceding the same three consonants. In Early[…]

2012, Irén Heged?s, Alexandra Fodor, English Historical Linguistics 2010: Selected Papers from the Sixteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 16), Pécs, 23-27 August 2010, John Benjamins Publishing, →ISBN, page 47:

(phonology) A variant pronunciations of a phoneme that occur in specific phonetic contexts and do not change the meaning of a word


dystrybucja komplementarna

dystrybucja komplementarny (canonical feminine)
dystrybucja komplementarna (nominative singular)
dystrybucji komplementarnej (genitive singular)
dystrybucji komplementarnej (dative singular)
dystrybucję komplementarną (accusative singular)
dystrybucją komplementarną (instrumental singular)
dystrybucji komplementarnej (locative singular)
dystrybucjo komplementarna (singular vocative)

complementary distribution
complementary distribution


alofon kombinatoryczny

alofon kombinatoryczny (nominative singular)
alofony kombinatoryczne (nominative plural)
alofonu kombinatorycznego (genitive singular)
alofonów kombinatorycznych (genitive plural)
alofonowi kombinatorycznemu (dative singular)
alofonom kombinatorycznym (dative plural)
alofon kombinatoryczny (accusative singular)
alofony kombinatoryczne (accusative plural)
alofonem kombinatorycznym (instrumental singular)
alofonami kombinatorycznymi (instrumental plural)
alofonie kombinatorycznym (locative singular)
alofonach kombinatorycznych (locative plural)
alofonie kombinatoryczny (singular vocative)
alofony kombinatoryczne (plural vocative)

complementary allophone
complementary allophone

(phonology) complementary allophone (variant pronunciations of a phoneme that occur in specific phonetic contexts and do not change the meaning of a word)


kaszubić

kaszubić (infinitive)
kaszubię (present singular)
kaszubimy (plural present)
kaszubisz (present singular)
kaszubicie (plural present)
kaszubi (present singular third-person)
kaszubią (plural present third-person)
kaszubi się (impersonal present)
kaszubiłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m kaszubił (masculine past singular)
kaszubiłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m kaszubiła (feminine past singular)
kaszubiłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m kaszubiło (neuter past singular)
kaszubiliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy kaszubili (past plural virile)
kaszubiłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy kaszubiły (nonvirile past plural)
kaszubiłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś kaszubił (masculine past singular)
kaszubiłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś kaszubiła (feminine past singular)
kaszubiłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś kaszubiło (neuter past singular)
kaszubiliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście kaszubili (past plural virile)
kaszubiłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście kaszubiły (nonvirile past plural)
kaszubił (masculine past singular third-person)
kaszubiła (feminine past singular third-person)
kaszubiło (neuter past singular third-person)
kaszubili (past plural third-person virile)
kaszubiły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
kaszubiono (impersonal past)
będę kaszubił (future masculine singular)
będę kaszubić (future masculine singular)
będę kaszubiła (feminine future singular)
będę kaszubić (feminine future singular)
będę kaszubiło (future neuter singular)
będę kaszubić (future neuter singular)
będziemy kaszubili (future plural virile)
będziemy kaszubić (future plural virile)
będziemy kaszubiły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy kaszubić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz kaszubił (future masculine singular)
będziesz kaszubić (future masculine singular)
będziesz kaszubiła (feminine future singular)
będziesz kaszubić (feminine future singular)
będziesz kaszubiło (future neuter singular)
będziesz kaszubić (future neuter singular)
będziecie kaszubili (future plural virile)
będziecie kaszubić (future plural virile)
będziecie kaszubiły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie kaszubić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie kaszubił (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie kaszubić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie kaszubiła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie kaszubić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie kaszubiło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie kaszubić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą kaszubili (future plural third-person virile)
będą kaszubić (future plural third-person virile)
będą kaszubiły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą kaszubić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie kaszubić się (future impersonal)
kaszubiłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym kaszubił (conditional masculine singular)
kaszubiłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym kaszubiła (conditional feminine singular)
kaszubiłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym kaszubiło (conditional neuter singular)
kaszubilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy kaszubili (conditional plural virile)
kaszubiłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy kaszubiły (conditional nonvirile plural)
kaszubiłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś kaszubił (conditional masculine singular)
kaszubiłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś kaszubiła (conditional feminine singular)
kaszubiłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś kaszubiło (conditional neuter singular)
kaszubilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście kaszubili (conditional plural virile)
kaszubiłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście kaszubiły (conditional nonvirile plural)
kaszubiłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by kaszubił (conditional masculine singular third-person)
kaszubiłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by kaszubiła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
kaszubiłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by kaszubiło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
kaszubiliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by kaszubili (conditional plural third-person virile)
kaszubiłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by kaszubiły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
kaszubiono by (conditional impersonal)
niech kaszubię (imperative singular)
kaszubmy (imperative plural)
kaszub (imperative singular)
kaszubcie (imperative plural)
niech kaszubi (imperative singular third-person)
niech kaszubią (imperative plural third-person)
kaszubiący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
kaszubiąca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
kaszubiące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
kaszubiący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
kaszubiące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
kaszubiony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
kaszubiona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
kaszubione (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
kaszubieni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
kaszubione (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
kaszubiąc (adjectival contemporary participle)
kaszubienie (noun-from-verb)

From Kaszub + -ić. First attested in the 20th century. Compare Kashubian kaszëbic.

ref

Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kaszubić”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

(transitive, phonology) to pronounce palatal sibilants (written in Polish as ś, ź, ć, dź) as dental sibilants (written as s, z, c, dz)


r-värinen

fi-adj

r-värinen (comparative r-värisempi, superlative r-värisin)

r-värisempi (comparative)
r-värisin (superlative)
r-värinen (nominative singular)
r-väriset (nominative plural)
r-värinen (accusative nominative singular)
r-väriset (accusative nominative plural)
r-värisen (accusative genitive singular)
r-väriset (accusative genitive plural)
r-värisen (genitive singular)
r-väristen (genitive plural)
r-värisien (genitive plural)
r-väristä (partitive singular)
r-värisiä (partitive plural)
r-värisessä (inessive singular)
r-värisissä (inessive plural)
r-värisestä (elative singular)
r-värisistä (elative plural)
r-väriseen (illative singular)
r-värisiin (illative plural)
r-värisellä (adessive singular)
r-värisillä (adessive plural)
r-väriseltä (ablative singular)
r-värisiltä (ablative plural)
r-väriselle (allative singular)
r-värisille (allative plural)
r-värisenä (essive singular)
r-värisinä (essive plural)
r-väriseksi (singular translative)
r-värisiksi (plural translative)
r-värisettä (abessive singular)
r-värisittä (abessive plural)
r-värisin (instructive plural)
r-värisine (comitative plural)
r-väriseni (nominative singular)
r-väriseni (nominative plural)
r-väriseni (accusative nominative singular)
r-väriseni (accusative nominative plural)
r-väriseni (accusative genitive singular)
r-väriseni (accusative genitive plural)
r-väriseni (genitive singular)
r-väristeni (genitive plural)
r-värisieni (genitive plural)
r-väristäni (partitive singular)
r-värisiäni (partitive plural)
r-värisessäni (inessive singular)
r-värisissäni (inessive plural)
r-värisestäni (elative singular)
r-värisistäni (elative plural)
r-väriseeni (illative singular)
r-värisiini (illative plural)
r-väriselläni (adessive singular)
r-värisilläni (adessive plural)
r-väriseltäni (ablative singular)
r-värisiltäni (ablative plural)
r-väriselleni (allative singular)
r-värisilleni (allative plural)
r-värisenäni (essive singular)
r-värisinäni (essive plural)
r-värisekseni (singular translative)
r-värisikseni (plural translative)
r-värisettäni (abessive singular)
r-värisittäni (abessive plural)
r-värisineni (comitative plural)
r-värisesi (nominative singular)
r-värisesi (nominative plural)
r-värisesi (accusative nominative singular)
r-värisesi (accusative nominative plural)
r-värisesi (accusative genitive singular)
r-värisesi (accusative genitive plural)
r-värisesi (genitive singular)
r-väristesi (genitive plural)
r-värisiesi (genitive plural)
r-väristäsi (partitive singular)
r-värisiäsi (partitive plural)
r-värisessäsi (inessive singular)
r-värisissäsi (inessive plural)
r-värisestäsi (elative singular)
r-värisistäsi (elative plural)
r-väriseesi (illative singular)
r-värisiisi (illative plural)
r-väriselläsi (adessive singular)
r-värisilläsi (adessive plural)
r-väriseltäsi (ablative singular)
r-värisiltäsi (ablative plural)
r-värisellesi (allative singular)
r-värisillesi (allative plural)
r-värisenäsi (essive singular)
r-värisinäsi (essive plural)
r-väriseksesi (singular translative)
r-värisiksesi (plural translative)
r-värisettäsi (abessive singular)
r-värisittäsi (abessive plural)
r-värisinesi (comitative plural)
r-värisemme (nominative singular)
r-värisemme (nominative plural)
r-värisemme (accusative nominative singular)
r-värisemme (accusative nominative plural)
r-värisemme (accusative genitive singular)
r-värisemme (accusative genitive plural)
r-värisemme (genitive singular)
r-väristemme (genitive plural)
r-värisiemme (genitive plural)
r-väristämme (partitive singular)
r-värisiämme (partitive plural)
r-värisessämme (inessive singular)
r-värisissämme (inessive plural)
r-värisestämme (elative singular)
r-värisistämme (elative plural)
r-väriseemme (illative singular)
r-värisiimme (illative plural)
r-värisellämme (adessive singular)
r-värisillämme (adessive plural)
r-väriseltämme (ablative singular)
r-värisiltämme (ablative plural)
r-värisellemme (allative singular)
r-värisillemme (allative plural)
r-värisenämme (essive singular)
r-värisinämme (essive plural)
r-väriseksemme (singular translative)
r-värisiksemme (plural translative)
r-värisettämme (abessive singular)
r-värisittämme (abessive plural)
r-värisinemme (comitative plural)
r-värisenne (nominative singular)
r-värisenne (nominative plural)
r-värisenne (accusative nominative singular)
r-värisenne (accusative nominative plural)
r-värisenne (accusative genitive singular)
r-värisenne (accusative genitive plural)
r-värisenne (genitive singular)
r-väristenne (genitive plural)
r-värisienne (genitive plural)
r-väristänne (partitive singular)
r-värisiänne (partitive plural)
r-värisessänne (inessive singular)
r-värisissänne (inessive plural)
r-värisestänne (elative singular)
r-värisistänne (elative plural)
r-väriseenne (illative singular)
r-värisiinne (illative plural)
r-värisellänne (adessive singular)
r-värisillänne (adessive plural)
r-väriseltänne (ablative singular)
r-värisiltänne (ablative plural)
r-värisellenne (allative singular)
r-värisillenne (allative plural)
r-värisenänne (essive singular)
r-värisinänne (essive plural)
r-väriseksenne (singular translative)
r-värisiksenne (plural translative)
r-värisettänne (abessive singular)
r-värisittänne (abessive plural)
r-värisinenne (comitative plural)
r-värisensä (nominative singular)
r-värisensä (nominative plural)
r-värisensä (accusative nominative singular)
r-värisensä (accusative nominative plural)
r-värisensä (accusative genitive singular)
r-värisensä (accusative genitive plural)
r-värisensä (genitive singular)
r-väristensä (genitive plural)
r-värisiensä (genitive plural)
r-väristään (partitive singular)
r-väristänsä (partitive singular)
r-värisiään (partitive plural)
r-värisiänsä (partitive plural)
r-värisessään (inessive singular)
r-värisessänsä (inessive singular)
r-värisissään (inessive plural)
r-värisissänsä (inessive plural)
r-värisestään (elative singular)
r-värisestänsä (elative singular)
r-värisistään (elative plural)
r-värisistänsä (elative plural)
r-väriseensä (illative singular)
r-värisiinsä (illative plural)
r-värisellään (adessive singular)
r-värisellänsä (adessive singular)
r-värisillään (adessive plural)
r-värisillänsä (adessive plural)
r-väriseltään (ablative singular)
r-väriseltänsä (ablative singular)
r-värisiltään (ablative plural)
r-värisiltänsä (ablative plural)
r-väriselleen (allative singular)
r-värisellensä (allative singular)
r-värisilleen (allative plural)
r-värisillensä (allative plural)
r-värisenään (essive singular)
r-värisenänsä (essive singular)
r-värisinään (essive plural)
r-värisinänsä (essive plural)
r-värisekseen (singular translative)
r-väriseksensä (singular translative)
r-värisikseen (plural translative)
r-värisiksensä (plural translative)
r-värisettään (abessive singular)
r-värisettänsä (abessive singular)
r-värisittään (abessive plural)
r-värisittänsä (abessive plural)
r-värisineen (comitative plural)
r-värisinensä (comitative plural)

(phonology) R-coloured, rhotacized (of a sound, modified so that it resembles "R")


tertutup

(phonology) formed by closing the mouth and nose passages completely, like the consonants /t/, /d/, and /p/

(phonology) having the sound cut off sharply by a following consonant, like the /ɪ/ in pin


مشدد

ur-adj

مُشَدَّد • (muśaddad) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मुशद्दद)

مُشَدَّد (canonical)
muśaddad (romanization)
मुशद्दद (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُشَدَّد (mušaddad), from Arabic مُشَدَّد (mušaddad).


luncuran

id-noun

luncuran (plural luncuran-luncuran, first-person possessive luncuranku, second-person possessive luncuranmu, third-person possessive luncurannya)

luncuran-luncuran (plural)
luncuranku (first-person possessive)
luncuranmu (possessive second-person)
luncurannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed luncur + -an. Compare Malay لونچورن (luncuran, “coasting”).

cog

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">luncuran</i>

(phonology) glide: a transitional sound, especially a semivowel.


தீர்க்கம்

ta-noun

தீர்க்கம் • (tīrkkam)

tīrkkam (romanization)
தீர்க்கம் (nominative singular)
தீர்க்கங்கள் (nominative plural)
தீர்க்கமே (singular vocative)
தீர்க்கங்களே (plural vocative)
தீர்க்கத்தை (accusative singular)
தீர்க்கங்களை (accusative plural)
தீர்க்கத்துக்கு (dative singular)
தீர்க்கங்களுக்கு (dative plural)
தீர்க்கத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
தீர்க்கங்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
தீர்க்கத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
தீர்க்கங்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
தீர்க்கத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
தீர்க்கங்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
தீர்க்கத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
தீர்க்கங்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
தீர்க்கத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
தீர்க்கங்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
தீர்க்கத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
தீர்க்கங்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
தீர்க்கத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
தீர்க்கங்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
தீர்க்கத்தால் (instrumental singular)
தீர்க்கங்களால் (instrumental plural)
தீர்க்கத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)
தீர்க்கங்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)


closant

Coined by British physician John Antony Michael Martin in 1981 (see quotation).

coined

Coordinate term: vocant

At an earlier stage still, during the first few months of life, the vowel-like and consonant-like sounds are usually so far removed from normal speech that even this convention is misleading. We will label these sounds vocants and closants and their transcription will be enclosed within double square brackets e.g. bə.

[1981, J[ohn] A[ntony] M[ichael] Martin, “Vocal Behaviour and the Origins of Speech” (chapter 4), in Voice, Speech, and Language in the Child: Development and Disorder (Disorders of Human Communication; 4), Wien [Vienna]: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 56–57:

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the PP is an early developmental indicator of increasing phonetic diversity. It was hypothesized that the PP's estimation of increased use of different places of closant and vocant articulation would describe the growth of phonetic diversity early in life.

1992, Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, Volume 6, Taylor & Francis, page 320:

These syllables consist of a closant (consonant-like element) and a vocant (vowel-like element) with a closant - vocant or vocant - closant transition that has a duration that commonly occurs in natural spoken languages (generally < 120 ms).

1995, William P. Smotherman, editor, Developmental Psychobiology, Volume 28, John Wiley & Sons, page 5:

2003, Journal of the Indian Statistical Association, Volumes 41-42, Indian Statistical Association, page 342,
At both the ages, children are found to produce more closant-vocant and vocant - closant utterances than closant - closant and vocant - vocant.

(linguistics, phonology) A consonant-like sound such as uttered by a preverbal infant.


sound-symbolic

(linguistics, phonology) characterized by sound symbolism

"Bouba" and "Kiki" are sound-symbolic labels, not directly imitating any actual sound but nonetheless carrying strong intrinsic associations with roundness and pointiness, respectively.

(more specifically) (of a unit of sound or meaning such as a word, morpheme, phoneme, syllable, etc.) composed of speech sounds that are not arbitrary but also not overtly onomatopoeic


طبقي

ar-adj

طَبَقِيُّونَ

طَبَقِيّ • (ṭabaqiyy) (feminine طَبَقِيَّة (ṭabaqiyya), masculine plural طَبَقِيُّونَ (ṭabaqiyyūna), feminine plural طَبَقِيَّات (ṭabaqiyyāt))

طَبَقِيّ (canonical)
ṭabaqiyy (romanization)
طَبَقِيَّة (feminine)
طَبَقِيُّونَ (masculine plural)
طَبَقِيَّات (feminine plural)
طَبَقِي (indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِي (definite informal masculine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّة (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite feminine informal singular triptote)
طَبَقِيٌّ (indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيُّ (definite masculine nominative singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّةٌ (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite feminine nominative singular triptote)
طَبَقِيًّا (accusative indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّ (accusative definite masculine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّةً (accusative ar-infl-a feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite feminine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيٍّ (genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيِّ (definite genitive masculine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّةٍ (ar-infl-a feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite feminine genitive singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّيْن (dual indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّيْن (definite dual informal masculine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine informal singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّانِ (dual indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّانِ (definite dual masculine nominative singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine nominative singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّيْنِ (accusative definite dual masculine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual feminine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّيْنِ (definite dual genitive masculine singular triptote)
طَبَقِيَّتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الطَّبَقِيَّتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine genitive singular triptote)
طَبَقِيِّين (indefinite informal masculine plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيِّين (definite informal masculine plural sound-form)
طَبَقِيَّات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيَّات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
طَبَقِيُّونَ (indefinite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيُّونَ (definite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
طَبَقِيَّاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيَّاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
طَبَقِيِّينَ (accusative indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيِّينَ (accusative definite masculine plural sound-form)
طَبَقِيَّاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيَّاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
طَبَقِيِّينَ (genitive indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيِّينَ (definite genitive masculine plural sound-form)
طَبَقِيَّاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الطَّبَقِيَّاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of طَبَق (ṭabaq, “velum”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).


nonpalatalization

en-noun

nonpalatalization (countable and uncountable, plural nonpalatalizations)

The presence or absence of the palatalization is marked by the following vowels (or by one of two special letters, ъ, the 'hard sign', denoting the nonpalatalization, and ь, the soft sign noting the palletization).

2012, Martin Neef, Anneke Neijt, Richard Sproat, The Relation of Writing to Spoken Language, page 59:

(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of not being palatalized, of not pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth.

(phonology, countable) An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is nonpalatalized.


niesylabiczny

pl-adj

niesylabiczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

niesylabiczny (masculine nominative singular)
niesylabiczna (feminine nominative singular)
niesylabiczne (neuter nominative singular)
niesylabiczni (nominative plural virile)
niesylabiczne (nominative plural)
niesylabicznego (genitive masculine singular)
niesylabicznej (feminine genitive singular)
niesylabicznego (genitive neuter singular)
niesylabicznych (genitive plural)
niesylabicznych (genitive plural virile)
niesylabicznemu (dative masculine singular)
niesylabicznej (dative feminine singular)
niesylabicznemu (dative neuter singular)
niesylabicznym (dative plural)
niesylabicznym (dative plural virile)
niesylabicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
niesylabiczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
niesylabiczną (accusative feminine singular)
niesylabiczne (accusative neuter singular)
niesylabicznych (accusative plural virile)
niesylabiczne (accusative plural)
niesylabicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
niesylabiczną (feminine instrumental singular)
niesylabicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
niesylabicznymi (instrumental plural)
niesylabicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
niesylabicznym (locative masculine singular)
niesylabicznej (feminine locative singular)
niesylabicznym (locative neuter singular)
niesylabicznych (locative plural)
niesylabicznych (locative plural virile)

From nie- + sylabiczny. First attested in 1909.

(phonology, of a vowel) nonsyllabic (not forming a syllable)


soante

(phonetics, phonology) A speech sound that is produced with continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract.


obstruinte

(phonetics, phonology) A speech sound that is formed by obstructing airflow.


sylabotwórczy

sylabotwórczy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

sylabotwórczy (masculine nominative singular)
sylabotwórcza (feminine nominative singular)
sylabotwórcze (neuter nominative singular)
sylabotwórczy (nominative plural virile)
sylabotwórcze (nominative plural)
sylabotwórczego (genitive masculine singular)
sylabotwórczej (feminine genitive singular)
sylabotwórczego (genitive neuter singular)
sylabotwórczych (genitive plural)
sylabotwórczych (genitive plural virile)
sylabotwórczemu (dative masculine singular)
sylabotwórczej (dative feminine singular)
sylabotwórczemu (dative neuter singular)
sylabotwórczym (dative plural)
sylabotwórczym (dative plural virile)
sylabotwórczego (accusative animate masculine singular)
sylabotwórczy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
sylabotwórczą (accusative feminine singular)
sylabotwórcze (accusative neuter singular)
sylabotwórczych (accusative plural virile)
sylabotwórcze (accusative plural)
sylabotwórczym (instrumental masculine singular)
sylabotwórczą (feminine instrumental singular)
sylabotwórczym (instrumental neuter singular)
sylabotwórczymi (instrumental plural)
sylabotwórczymi (instrumental plural virile)
sylabotwórczym (locative masculine singular)
sylabotwórczej (feminine locative singular)
sylabotwórczym (locative neuter singular)
sylabotwórczych (locative plural)
sylabotwórczych (locative plural virile)

From sylaba + -o- + twórczy. First attested in 1949.

(uncommon, phonology) Synonym of sylabiczny

pl:Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny


fricativization

en-noun

fricativization (countable and uncountable, plural fricativizations)

From fricative + -ization or fricativize + -ation.

(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of being fricativized.

(phonology, countable) An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is fricativized.


stress deafness

(linguistics, phonology) An inconsistent perception or processing of phonological stress by a speaker of a fixed stress language.


emphaticize

en-verb

emphaticize (third-person singular simple present emphaticizes, present participle emphaticizing, simple past and past participle emphaticized)

emphaticizes (present singular third-person)
emphaticizing (participle present)
emphaticized (participle past)
emphaticized (past)

Audio (US)


deemphaticize

deemphaticize (third-person singular simple present deemphaticizes, present participle deemphaticizing, simple past and past participle deemphaticized)

deemphaticizes (present singular third-person)
deemphaticizing (participle present)
deemphaticized (participle past)
deemphaticized (past)

In addition Standard Arabic words may be subjected to other general Nigerian Arabic phonological processes. For example, voiced consonants are devoiced prepausally, and some urban speakers may deemphaticize emphatic consonants. The form lafis < *lafð̥ thus arises via (8h), with devoicing and deemphaticizing of z̥.

2000, Jonathan Owens, “Loanwords in Nigerian Arabic: a quantitative approach”, in Arabic as a Minority Language (Contributions to the Sociology of Language; 83), New York · Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, page 284 of 259–345:

Undoubtedly, with this many phonologically alien consonants for an English learner of Arabic the accent is expected to be quite distinct. Unfortunately, in addition to the segmental phonological accent there will certainly be a persistent phonetic accent that runs throughout the whole words in which some of those posterior consonants occur, especially the emphatics [sˤص dˤ ض tˤ ط ðˤ ظ]. To demonstrate, consider the word <صَبَرَ> [̯sˤɑbɑrɑ] (became patient) which is fully emphaticized throughout under the influence of the emphatic [sˤ]. If the learner of Arabic fails to properly articulate this emphatic, he will not only transform the whole word semantically to mean <سَبَرَ> [̯sabara] (probed), but will also phonetically deemphaticize the word to sound impressionistically very different from <صَبَرَ>.

2014, Edward Y. Odisho, “Some Primary Sources of Accent Generation in the Pronunciation of Arabic by Native Speakers of English”, in Mediterranean Language Review, volume 21, →DOI, page 96 of 91–104:

(phonology) To render not emphatic any more.


word sound

Browning has been called unmusical, and, judged by common rules, I suppose his verse lacks melody; but for me, there is always in it a sort of spiritual harmony, which overrules the mere word-sound, and renders him one of the most musical of poets.

1852, Grace Greenwood, Greenwood Leaves, A Collection of Sketches and Letters, page 293:

Word sound is musical. It is characterized by the two leading essentials of a musical sound, rhythm and melody, while yet the other elements, time and quality of sound, are not excluded.

1873, I.N. Carleton, W.B. Dwight (editors), The Connecticut School Journal, page 9:

Now we know that it is the faculty of recalling the word-picture, aided by remembering the word-sound, which makes the good speller.

1880, Mrs. R.R. Bird, “On Spelling”, in American Primary Teacher, volume 4, page 5:

Hence, whatever may be the sense in which the word sound may be used, there is no doubt of the fact that it is caused by the vibrations of the sounding body.

1917, Atul Chandra Datta, A Text-Book of Sound, page 1:

Many people are able to imagine word-sounds with greater delicacy and discrimination than they can utter them.

1925, I.A. Richards, Principles of Literay Criticism, page 119:

In spite of this, the succession of word sounds leads to the formation of certain phonic formations and sound phenomena or characters of a new type which could not be evoked by individual word sounds.

1973, Roman Ingarden, The Literary Work of Art, An Investigation on the Borderlines of Ontology, Logic, and Theory of Literature: with an Appendix on the Functions of Language in the Theater, page 47:

Word sound is that organizing factor which can “extract” the particular sequence (characteristic for the given notion) from the continuous categorical sign series.

1999, Tatyana Glezerman, Victoria I. Balkoski, Language, Thought, and the Brain, page 45:

(linguistics, phonology, uncommon) A particular essence or quality evoked by a spoken word.


äänteenmukaus

äänteenmukaus (nominative singular)
äänteenmukaukset (nominative plural)
äänteenmukaus (accusative nominative singular)
äänteenmukaukset (accusative nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksen (accusative genitive singular)
äänteenmukaukset (accusative genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksen (genitive singular)
äänteenmukausten (genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksien (genitive plural)
äänteenmukausta (partitive singular)
äänteenmukauksia (partitive plural)
äänteenmukauksessa (inessive singular)
äänteenmukauksissa (inessive plural)
äänteenmukauksesta (elative singular)
äänteenmukauksista (elative plural)
äänteenmukaukseen (illative singular)
äänteenmukauksiin (illative plural)
äänteenmukauksella (adessive singular)
äänteenmukauksilla (adessive plural)
äänteenmukaukselta (ablative singular)
äänteenmukauksilta (ablative plural)
äänteenmukaukselle (allative singular)
äänteenmukauksille (allative plural)
äänteenmukauksena (essive singular)
äänteenmukauksina (essive plural)
äänteenmukaukseksi (singular translative)
äänteenmukauksiksi (plural translative)
äänteenmukauksetta (abessive singular)
äänteenmukauksitta (abessive plural)
äänteenmukauksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
äänteenmukaukseni (nominative singular)
äänteenmukaukseni (nominative plural)
äänteenmukaukseni (accusative nominative singular)
äänteenmukaukseni (accusative nominative plural)
äänteenmukaukseni (accusative genitive singular)
äänteenmukaukseni (accusative genitive plural)
äänteenmukaukseni (genitive singular)
äänteenmukausteni (genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksieni (genitive plural)
äänteenmukaustani (partitive singular)
äänteenmukauksiani (partitive plural)
äänteenmukauksessani (inessive singular)
äänteenmukauksissani (inessive plural)
äänteenmukauksestani (elative singular)
äänteenmukauksistani (elative plural)
äänteenmukaukseeni (illative singular)
äänteenmukauksiini (illative plural)
äänteenmukauksellani (adessive singular)
äänteenmukauksillani (adessive plural)
äänteenmukaukseltani (ablative singular)
äänteenmukauksiltani (ablative plural)
äänteenmukaukselleni (allative singular)
äänteenmukauksilleni (allative plural)
äänteenmukauksenani (essive singular)
äänteenmukauksinani (essive plural)
äänteenmukauksekseni (singular translative)
äänteenmukauksikseni (plural translative)
äänteenmukauksettani (abessive singular)
äänteenmukauksittani (abessive plural)
äänteenmukauksineni (comitative plural)
äänteenmukauksesi (nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksesi (nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksesi (accusative nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksesi (accusative nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksesi (accusative genitive singular)
äänteenmukauksesi (accusative genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksesi (genitive singular)
äänteenmukaustesi (genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksiesi (genitive plural)
äänteenmukaustasi (partitive singular)
äänteenmukauksiasi (partitive plural)
äänteenmukauksessasi (inessive singular)
äänteenmukauksissasi (inessive plural)
äänteenmukauksestasi (elative singular)
äänteenmukauksistasi (elative plural)
äänteenmukaukseesi (illative singular)
äänteenmukauksiisi (illative plural)
äänteenmukauksellasi (adessive singular)
äänteenmukauksillasi (adessive plural)
äänteenmukaukseltasi (ablative singular)
äänteenmukauksiltasi (ablative plural)
äänteenmukauksellesi (allative singular)
äänteenmukauksillesi (allative plural)
äänteenmukauksenasi (essive singular)
äänteenmukauksinasi (essive plural)
äänteenmukaukseksesi (singular translative)
äänteenmukauksiksesi (plural translative)
äänteenmukauksettasi (abessive singular)
äänteenmukauksittasi (abessive plural)
äänteenmukauksinesi (comitative plural)
äänteenmukauksemme (nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksemme (nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksemme (accusative nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksemme (accusative nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksemme (accusative genitive singular)
äänteenmukauksemme (accusative genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksemme (genitive singular)
äänteenmukaustemme (genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksiemme (genitive plural)
äänteenmukaustamme (partitive singular)
äänteenmukauksiamme (partitive plural)
äänteenmukauksessamme (inessive singular)
äänteenmukauksissamme (inessive plural)
äänteenmukauksestamme (elative singular)
äänteenmukauksistamme (elative plural)
äänteenmukaukseemme (illative singular)
äänteenmukauksiimme (illative plural)
äänteenmukauksellamme (adessive singular)
äänteenmukauksillamme (adessive plural)
äänteenmukaukseltamme (ablative singular)
äänteenmukauksiltamme (ablative plural)
äänteenmukauksellemme (allative singular)
äänteenmukauksillemme (allative plural)
äänteenmukauksenamme (essive singular)
äänteenmukauksinamme (essive plural)
äänteenmukaukseksemme (singular translative)
äänteenmukauksiksemme (plural translative)
äänteenmukauksettamme (abessive singular)
äänteenmukauksittamme (abessive plural)
äänteenmukauksinemme (comitative plural)
äänteenmukauksenne (nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksenne (nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksenne (accusative nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksenne (accusative nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksenne (accusative genitive singular)
äänteenmukauksenne (accusative genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksenne (genitive singular)
äänteenmukaustenne (genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksienne (genitive plural)
äänteenmukaustanne (partitive singular)
äänteenmukauksianne (partitive plural)
äänteenmukauksessanne (inessive singular)
äänteenmukauksissanne (inessive plural)
äänteenmukauksestanne (elative singular)
äänteenmukauksistanne (elative plural)
äänteenmukaukseenne (illative singular)
äänteenmukauksiinne (illative plural)
äänteenmukauksellanne (adessive singular)
äänteenmukauksillanne (adessive plural)
äänteenmukaukseltanne (ablative singular)
äänteenmukauksiltanne (ablative plural)
äänteenmukauksellenne (allative singular)
äänteenmukauksillenne (allative plural)
äänteenmukauksenanne (essive singular)
äänteenmukauksinanne (essive plural)
äänteenmukaukseksenne (singular translative)
äänteenmukauksiksenne (plural translative)
äänteenmukauksettanne (abessive singular)
äänteenmukauksittanne (abessive plural)
äänteenmukauksinenne (comitative plural)
äänteenmukauksensa (nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksensa (nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksensa (accusative nominative singular)
äänteenmukauksensa (accusative nominative plural)
äänteenmukauksensa (accusative genitive singular)
äänteenmukauksensa (accusative genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksensa (genitive singular)
äänteenmukaustensa (genitive plural)
äänteenmukauksiensa (genitive plural)
äänteenmukaustaan (partitive singular)
äänteenmukaustansa (partitive singular)
äänteenmukauksiaan (partitive plural)
äänteenmukauksiansa (partitive plural)
äänteenmukauksessaan (inessive singular)
äänteenmukauksessansa (inessive singular)
äänteenmukauksissaan (inessive plural)
äänteenmukauksissansa (inessive plural)
äänteenmukauksestaan (elative singular)
äänteenmukauksestansa (elative singular)
äänteenmukauksistaan (elative plural)
äänteenmukauksistansa (elative plural)
äänteenmukaukseensa (illative singular)
äänteenmukauksiinsa (illative plural)
äänteenmukauksellaan (adessive singular)
äänteenmukauksellansa (adessive singular)
äänteenmukauksillaan (adessive plural)
äänteenmukauksillansa (adessive plural)
äänteenmukaukseltaan (ablative singular)
äänteenmukaukseltansa (ablative singular)
äänteenmukauksiltaan (ablative plural)
äänteenmukauksiltansa (ablative plural)
äänteenmukaukselleen (allative singular)
äänteenmukauksellensa (allative singular)
äänteenmukauksilleen (allative plural)
äänteenmukauksillensa (allative plural)
äänteenmukauksenaan (essive singular)
äänteenmukauksenansa (essive singular)
äänteenmukauksinaan (essive plural)
äänteenmukauksinansa (essive plural)
äänteenmukauksekseen (singular translative)
äänteenmukaukseksensa (singular translative)
äänteenmukauksikseen (plural translative)
äänteenmukauksiksensa (plural translative)
äänteenmukauksettaan (abessive singular)
äänteenmukauksettansa (abessive singular)
äänteenmukauksittaan (abessive plural)
äänteenmukauksittansa (abessive plural)
äänteenmukauksineen (comitative plural)
äänteenmukauksinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈæːn̪t̪e̞ːmˌmukɑ̝us̠]

äänteen (“of phone”) + mukaus (“adaptation”)

compound

(phonology) metaphony (sound change in which a vowel's pronunciation is affected by another)


perlambangan bunyi

id-noun

perlambangan bunyi (plural perlambangan-perlambangan bunyi, first-person possessive perlambangan bunyiku, second-person possessive perlambangan bunyimu, third-person possessive perlambangan bunyinya)

perlambangan-perlambangan bunyi (plural)
perlambangan bunyi ku (first-person possessive)
perlambangan bunyi mu (possessive second-person)
perlambangan bunyi nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of perlambangan + bunyi (“sound”), Calque of Dutch klanksymboliek (“sound symbolism”).

clq

(linguistics, phonology) sound symbolism


díghlórú

head

díghlórú m (genitive singular díghlóraithe)

díghlóraithe (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
díghlórú (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a dhíghlórú (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
díghlóraithe (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an díghlórú (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
an díghlóraithe (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an díghlórú (definite singular)
don díghlórú (definite singular)
díghlórú
dhíghlórú
ndíghlórú


peleburan

id-noun

peleburan (plural peleburan-peleburan, first-person possessive peleburanku, second-person possessive peleburanmu, third-person possessive peleburannya)

peleburan-peleburan (plural)
peleburanku (first-person possessive)
peleburanmu (possessive second-person)
peleburannya (possessive third-person)

(phonology) coalescence: the merging of two segments into one.

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one.


榜母字翻音國際

bảng mẫu tự phiên âm quốc tế
bảng mẫu tự phiên âm quốc tế#Vietnamese

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

chữ Hán form of bảng mẫu tự phiên âm quốc tế (“International Phonetic Alphabet”).


stwardniały

pl-adj

stwardniały (comparative bardziej stwardniały, superlative najbardziej stwardniały, no derived adverb)

bardziej stwardniały (comparative)
najbardziej stwardniały (superlative)
stwardniały (masculine nominative singular)
stwardniała (feminine nominative singular)
stwardniałe (neuter nominative singular)
stwardniali (nominative plural virile)
stwardniałe (nominative plural)
stwardniałego (genitive masculine singular)
stwardniałej (feminine genitive singular)
stwardniałego (genitive neuter singular)
stwardniałych (genitive plural)
stwardniałych (genitive plural virile)
stwardniałemu (dative masculine singular)
stwardniałej (dative feminine singular)
stwardniałemu (dative neuter singular)
stwardniałym (dative plural)
stwardniałym (dative plural virile)
stwardniałego (accusative animate masculine singular)
stwardniały (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
stwardniałą (accusative feminine singular)
stwardniałe (accusative neuter singular)
stwardniałych (accusative plural virile)
stwardniałe (accusative plural)
stwardniałym (instrumental masculine singular)
stwardniałą (feminine instrumental singular)
stwardniałym (instrumental neuter singular)
stwardniałymi (instrumental plural)
stwardniałymi (instrumental plural virile)
stwardniałym (locative masculine singular)
stwardniałej (feminine locative singular)
stwardniałym (locative neuter singular)
stwardniałych (locative plural)
stwardniałych (locative plural virile)

(phonology, of a consonant) hardened (having loss softness)


遅下がり

遅下がり (canonical)
ososagari (romanization)

特にアクセントのある「高」に続く「低」の拍でピッチが一部または全体に高く留まって，ピッチ下降時点が遅れる現象はアクセントの「遅下がり」（杉藤 1980，Hasegawa and Hata 1995）として知られている．

2018, 佐藤大和, “自発発話データから見たアクセントの遅下がり現象”, in 第 32 回日本音声学会全国大会予稿集, pages 66-71:

アクセント核 アクセント核#Japanese

(Japanese phonology) the phenomenon where the drop in pitch is delayed, causing subsequent morae to be (partially) as high as or even higher in pitch than the accent kernel (アクセント核)


下がり目

下がり目 (canonical)
sagarime (romanization)

「男の子」という単語について言うと、「トコ」から「ノコ」に移るところで音が下がる（それをこの辞典では「オトコ＼ノコ」のように書き表す）。このように「下がり目」が「コ」と「ノ」の間にあることこそが、この語の「固有のアクセント」であると言える。

2016, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典, Tokyo: NHK出版, →ISBN, II アクセントの示し方について, page [8]:

period of time when something (especially market prices) starts to drop


intonational phrase

en-noun

intonational phrase (plural intonational phrases)

(phonology) A chunk of spoken language containing its own melody or intonation pattern.


phonological hierarchy

phonological hierarchy (plural phonological hierarchies)

(phonology) A series of increasingly smaller regions of a phonological utterance, each nested within the next highest region.


phonological phrase

phonological phrase (plural phonological phrases)

(phonology) A unit of speech that groups together one or more clitic groups.