تماثل

ar-noun

تَمَاثُل • (tamāṯul) m

تَمَاثُل (canonical)
tamāṯul (romanization)
تَمَاثُل (indefinite informal singular triptote)
التَّمَاثُل (definite informal singular triptote)
تَمَاثُل (construct informal singular triptote)
تَمَاثُلٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
التَّمَاثُلُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
تَمَاثُلُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
تَمَاثُلًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
التَّمَاثُلَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
تَمَاثُلَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
تَمَاثُلٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
التَّمَاثُلِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
تَمَاثُلِ (construct genitive singular triptote)


gravo-acute accent

en-noun

gravo-acute accent (plural not attested)

/ˌɡɹɑːvəʊəˈkjuːt ˈæksənt/

Mr. Walker does triumphantly claim the discovery of the inverted circumflex accent, or the downward and upward continued movement. Yet, if it is correctly inferred from the dates of publication, and from Mr. Walker’s rather derisive allusion to Mr. Steele’s essay, that the latter author preceded him, he might have found, in Mr. Steele’s gravo-acute accent, proof of the real existence of his newly found function of the voice.

1827, James Rush, The Philosophy of the Human Voice, pages ix–x:

( ˘ ) Gravo-acute accent, or gravo-acute circumflex.

1841, Andrew Comstock, “Explanation of the characters used in the exercises in reading and declamation”, in A System of Elocution, page 200:

(phonology and typography, obsolete, rare) A dipping tone, or the diacritic that denotes it, similar in form to the breve (˘) and the háček (ˇ).


inverted circumflex

inverted circumflex (plural inverted circumflexes)

From its earliest attested use as an idiomatic phrase in 1810, inverted circumflex was first used to denote a dipping tone — an inversion of the peaking tone denoted by ⟨῀⟩, the Ancient Greek περισπωμένη (perispōménē), commonly translated as “circumflex” — thence the name was applied to diacritics which marked such a dipping tone and, by extension, other tones to which it was suited; finally, due to such a diacritic’s resemblance to the háček, the name came to be applied to it as well.

The inflection, which begins upward and ends downward on the same syllable, called the circumflexed slide, is exemplified by the proper utterance of the word they in the succeeding instance:
Not he, but they are in fault.
And the inflection, which is just the reverse of this, namely, which begins downward and ends upward, called the inverted circumflex, may be instanced by the same word in Italic, as follows:
They tell us to be moderate; — but they, they are to wallow in profusion.

1810, Benjamin Humphrey Smart, A Practical Grammar of English Pronunciation, page 335:

Mr. Walker does triumphantly claim the discovery of the inverted circumflex accent, or the downward and upward continued movement.
[…]
Greek and Roman writers tell us, indefinitely, of the acute, grave, and circumflex movements; and these, with the newly described inverted circumflex, have, at a recent date, first been formally regarded, in the art of speaking the English language.

1827, James Rush, The Philosophy of the Human Voice, pages ix and x

(phonology, now disused) A dipping tone.


consonantism

consonantism (countable and uncountable, plural consonantisms)

(linguistics, phonology) The consonant system of a language or dialect.

(linguistics, phonology) The consonants, sequence of consonants, or the quality peculiar to the consonants of a given word or group of words.


ult

Main stress falls on the antepenult, with secondary stress falling on the ult.

2013, Elizabeth C[ook] Zsiga, The Sounds of Language, Wiley, →ISBN, page 368:

(phonology) The final (ultimate) syllable of a word.


leachtach

head

leachtach (genitive singular masculine leachtaigh, genitive singular feminine leachtaí, plural leachtacha, not comparable)

leachtaigh (genitive masculine singular)
leachtaí (feminine genitive singular)
leachtacha (plural)
nominative (positive)
leachtach (masculine singular)

From leacht (“liquid”) + -ach (adjectival suffix).


Canadian raising

en-noun

Canadian raising (countable and uncountable, plural Canadian raisings)

(phonology, dialectology) The phenomenon in some dialects of English, especially Canadian English, in which /aɪ/ is realized as [ʌɪ] and/or /aʊ/ is realized as [ʌʊ] or [ɛʊ] before underlying unvoiced consonants.

(phonology, dialectology) A similar but more restricted phenomenon, found in most dialects of American English, that applies only to /aɪ/, which is realized as [ʌɪ] in certain contexts, especially before underlying unvoiced consonants but with significant speaker-to-speaker variation.


autosegment

From auto- + segment, calque of English autosegment.


aphthong

From Ancient Greek ἄφθογγος (áphthongos). Compare diphthong.

The letters "gh" in "knight" are an aphthong.

(phonology, archaic) A letter or combination of letters employed in spelling a word but not pronounced; a silent letter or polygraph


ᵣ

(phonology) a phonemic component of an archiphoneme. E.g. ⫽lᵣ⫽ for the collapsed distinction of /l/ and /r/ word-finally in some languages.


ფონოლოგია

ponologia (romanization)
ფონოლოგია (nominative singular)
ფონოლოგიამ (ergative singular)
ფონოლოგიას (dative singular)
ფონოლოგიას (dative singular)
ფონოლოგიასაs) (dative singular)
ფონოლოგიასაsa) (dative singular)
ფონოლოგიის (genitive singular)
ფონოლოგიის (genitive singular)
ფონოლოგიისაs) (genitive singular)
ფონოლოგიისაsa) (genitive singular)
ფონოლოგიით (instrumental singular)
ფონოლოგიით (instrumental singular)
ფონოლოგიითაt) (instrumental singular)
ფონოლოგიითაta) (instrumental singular)
ფონოლოგიად (adverbial singular)
ფონოლოგიად (adverbial singular)
ფონოლოგიადაd) (adverbial singular)
ფონოლოგიადაda) (adverbial singular)
ფონოლოგიავ (singular vocative)
-ზე (postpositional with-dative)
ფონოლოგიაზე (singular)
-თან (postpositional with-dative)
ფონოლოგიასთან (singular)
-ში (postpositional with-dative)
ფონოლოგიაში (singular)
-ვით (postpositional with-dative)
ფონოლოგიასავით (singular)
-თვის (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონოლოგიისთვის (singular)
-ებრ (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონოლოგიისებრ (singular)
-კენ (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონოლოგიისკენ (singular)
-გან (postpositional with-genitive)
ფონოლოგიისგან (singular)
-დან (postpositional with-instrumental)
ფონოლოგიიდან (singular)
-ურთ (postpositional with-instrumental)
ფონოლოგიითურთ (singular)
-მდე (postpositional with-adverb)
ფონოლოგიამდე (singular)

ფო‧ნო‧ლო‧გია

Borrowed from Russian фоноло́гия (fonológija), itself from German Phonologie.


qalın

az-adj

qalın (comparative daha qalın, superlative ən qalın)

daha qalın (comparative)
ən qalın (superlative)

→ Talysh: ğalin

From Proto-Turkic *kalïŋ (“thick; numerous”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (kalïn, “thick”), Turkish kalın.


compensatorily lengthen

en-verb

compensatorily lengthen (third-person singular simple present compensatorily lengthens, present participle compensatorily lengthening, simple past and past participle compensatorily lengthened)

compensatorily lengthens (present singular third-person)
compensatorily lengthening (participle present)
compensatorily lengthened (participle past)
compensatorily lengthened (past)

Back-formation from compensatory lengthening.

back-form

compensatory lengthening
compensatory lengthening

(phonology, transitive) To lengthen (a vowel) upon dropping the consonant that had followed it; to cause to undergo compensatory lengthening.


compensatory lengthening

en-noun

compensatory lengthening (countable and uncountable, plural compensatory lengthenings)

/kəmˈpɛnsəˌtɔɹi ˈlɛŋ(k)θənɪŋ/

(phonology, uncountable) The lengthening of a vowel sound which occurs when a following consonant is lost, regarded as an extreme form of fusion; (countable) an instance of this.


ecthlipsis

ecthlipsis (countable and uncountable, plural ecthlipses)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔκθλιψις (ékthlipsis, “a squeezing out”), from ἐκθλίβω (ekthlíbō, “to squeeze out”), from θλίβω (thlíbō, “to squeeze; to compress”).

bor

(phonology) The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with or without a vowel.

(phonology) The elision of a final /m/, with the preceding vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel.


sobresdrújulo

es-adj

sobresdrújulo (feminine sobresdrújula, masculine plural sobresdrújulos, feminine plural sobresdrújulas)

sobresdrújula (feminine)
sobresdrújulos (masculine plural)
sobresdrújulas (feminine plural)

Contraction of sobreesdrújulo, from sobre- (“over”) + esdrújulo.

(phonology) pertaining to a word with stress or an acute accent in any position before the antepenultimate syllable


sobresdrújula

(phonology) a word with stress or an acute accent in any position before the antepenultimate syllable


Alfabet Fonètic Internacional

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet


painokas

painokkaamp (comparative)
painokas (nominative singular)
painokkaat (nominative plural)
painokkaan (genitive singular)
painokkain (genitive plural)
painokasta (partitive singular)
painokast (partitive singular)
painokkaita (partitive plural)
painokkaja (partitive plural)
painokkaasse (illative singular)
painokkaisse (illative plural)
painokkaas (inessive singular)
painokkais (inessive plural)
painokkaast (elative singular)
painokkaist (elative plural)
painokkaalle (allative singular)
painokkaille (allative plural)
painokkaal (adessive singular)
painokkail (adessive plural)
painokkaalt (ablative singular)
painokkailt (ablative plural)
painokkaaks (singular translative)
painokkaiks (plural translative)
painokkaanna (essive singular)
painokkaan (essive singular)
painokkainna (essive plural)
painokkain (essive plural)
painokkaant (exessive singular)
painokkaint (exessive plural)

[ˈpɑi̯nŏ̞kəz̠]

[ˈpɑi̯no̞ɡ̊ɑʒ̥]

From paino (“weight; stress”) + -kas. Akin to Finnish painokas (“emphatic”).

Merkityt sanat näis sanomuksiis ollaa logillisest painokkaat.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:

The marked words in these sentences are logically stressed.


λήγουσα

head

λήγουσα • (lígousa) f (plural λήγουσες)

el-noun

λήγουσα • (lígousa) f (plural λήγουσες)

lígousa (romanization)
λήγουσες (plural)
λήγουσα (nominative singular)
λήγουσες (nominative plural)
λήγουσας (genitive singular)
ληγουσών (genitive plural)
λήγουσα (accusative singular)
λήγουσες (accusative plural)
λήγουσα (singular vocative)
λήγουσες (plural vocative)

Nominalised (by ellipsis of συλλαβή) present participle of λήγω (lḗgō, “to cease”).

(grammar, phonology) ult (last syllable of a word)


garš

head

garš (definite garais, comparative garāks, superlative visgarākais, adverb gari)

garais (definite)
garāks (comparative)
visgarākais (superlative)
gari (adverb)
garš (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gari (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
gara (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
garas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
garu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
garus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
garu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
garas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gara (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
garu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
garas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
garu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
garam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gariem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
garai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
garām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
garu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gariem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
garu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
garām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
garā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
garos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
garā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
garās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From a derived adjective *gar-is of a masculine form *garyas, parallel to old neuter form *garyan (“forest, tree”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from the o-grade form *gʷorH-eh₂ of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (> *h₁egʷr-), meaning “mountain, peak” and secondarily “forest” (via, e.g., “mountain surrounded by forest”), from which also “tree”. Therefore, there originally was a noun garš meaning “forest, tree”, which apparently left traces in certain Kurzeme placenames (e.g., Garatmatas, a forest in Matkule), but eventually disappeared, perhaps due to homophony with its derived adjective garš (< *garis). This adjective probably meant at first “(high) like a mountain”, “(tall, slender) like a tree” and then simply “high, tall” > “long”. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal (reduplicated) gargãras, gargar̃as, gingãras (“long, tall animal or person”), Old Prussian garian (“tree”), Russian, Ukrainian гора́ (gorá, “mountain”), Bulgarian гора́ (gorá, “forest, mountain”), Czech hora (“mountain”) (dialectal also “forest of large trees”), Polish góra (“mountain”) (dialectal also “attic, loft”), Serbo-Croatian dialectal gòra (“mountain, forest, tree”), Hittite [script needed] (ẖegur-, “cliff, peak, spike”).

cog

garš patskanis

gara zilbe

(phonetics, phonology) long (pronounced with longer duration)


fonoloģija

fonoloģija (nominative singular)
fonoloģiju (accusative singular)
fonoloģijas (genitive singular)
fonoloģijai (dative singular)
fonoloģiju (instrumental singular)
fonoloģijā (locative singular)
fonoloģija (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, treatise”) + -ija).

latviešu valodas fonoloģija

phonology (science that studies how sounds function in languages; also specifically the study of the sound structure of a given language)


шы

šy (romanization)
шы (nominative singular)
шыяс (nominative plural)
шы (accusative accusative-i singular)
шыяс (accusative accusative-i plural)
шыӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
шыясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
шыӧн (instrumental singular)
шыясӧн (instrumental plural)
шыкӧд (comitative singular)
шыяскӧд (comitative plural)
шытӧг (caritive singular)
шыястӧг (caritive plural)
шыла (consecutive singular)
шыясла (consecutive plural)
шылӧн (genitive singular)
шыяслӧн (genitive plural)
шылысь (ablative singular)
шыяслысь (ablative plural)
шылы (dative singular)
шыяслы (dative plural)
шыын (inessive singular)
шыясын (inessive plural)
шыысь (elative singular)
шыясысь (elative plural)
шыӧ (illative singular)
шыясӧ (illative plural)
шысянь (egressive singular)
шыяссянь (egressive plural)
шылань (approximative singular)
шыяслань (approximative plural)
шыӧдз (singular terminative)
шыясӧдз (plural terminative)
шыӧд (prolative prolative-i singular)
шыясӧд (plural prolative prolative-i)
шыті (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыясті (plural prolative prolative-ii)
шыӧй (nominative singular)
шыясӧй (nominative plural)
шыӧй (accusative accusative-i singular)
шыясӧй (accusative accusative-i plural)
шыӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
шыясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
шынам (instrumental singular)
шыяснам (instrumental plural)
шыӧйкӧд (comitative singular)
шыясӧйкӧд (comitative plural)
шытӧгым (caritive singular)
шыястӧгым (caritive plural)
шыӧйла (consecutive singular)
шыясӧйла (consecutive plural)
шыӧйлӧн (genitive singular)
шыясӧйлӧн (genitive plural)
шыӧйлысь (ablative singular)
шыясӧйлысь (ablative plural)
шыӧйлы (dative singular)
шыясӧйлы (dative plural)
шыам (inessive singular)
шыясам (inessive plural)
шысьым (elative singular)
шыяссьым (elative plural)
шыам (illative singular)
шыясам (illative plural)
шысяньым (egressive singular)
шыяссяньым (egressive plural)
шыланьым (approximative singular)
шыясланьым (approximative plural)
шыӧдзым (singular terminative)
шыясӧдзым (plural terminative)
шыӧдым (prolative prolative-i singular)
шыясӧдым (plural prolative prolative-i)
шытіым (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыястіым (plural prolative prolative-ii)
шыыд (nominative singular)
шыясыд (nominative plural)
шыыд (accusative accusative-i singular)
шыясыд (accusative accusative-i plural)
шытӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
шыястӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
шынад (instrumental singular)
шыяснад (instrumental plural)
шыыдкӧд (comitative singular)
шыясыдкӧд (comitative plural)
шытӧгыд (caritive singular)
шыястӧгыд (caritive plural)
шыыдла (consecutive singular)
шыясыдла (consecutive plural)
шыыдлӧн (genitive singular)
шыясыдлӧн (genitive plural)
шыыдлысь (ablative singular)
шыясыдлысь (ablative plural)
шыыдлы (dative singular)
шыясыдлы (dative plural)
шыад (inessive singular)
шыясад (inessive plural)
шысьыд (elative singular)
шыяссьыд (elative plural)
шыад (illative singular)
шыясад (illative plural)
шысяньыд (egressive singular)
шыяссяньыд (egressive plural)
шыланьыд (approximative singular)
шыясланьыд (approximative plural)
шыӧдзыд (singular terminative)
шыясӧдзыд (plural terminative)
шыӧдыд (prolative prolative-i singular)
шыясӧдыд (plural prolative prolative-i)
шытіыд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыястіыд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
шыыс (nominative singular)
шыясыс (nominative plural)
шыыс (accusative accusative-i singular)
шыясыс (accusative accusative-i plural)
шысӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
шыяссӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
шынас (instrumental singular)
шыяснас (instrumental plural)
шыыскӧд (comitative singular)
шыясыскӧд (comitative plural)
шытӧгыс (caritive singular)
шыястӧгыс (caritive plural)
шыысла (consecutive singular)
шыясысла (consecutive plural)
шыыслӧн (genitive singular)
шыясыслӧн (genitive plural)
шыыслысь (ablative singular)
шыясыслысь (ablative plural)
шыыслы (dative singular)
шыясыслы (dative plural)
шыас (inessive singular)
шыясас (inessive plural)
шысьыс (elative singular)
шыяссьыс (elative plural)
шыас (illative singular)
шыясас (illative plural)
шысяньыс (egressive singular)
шыяссяньыс (egressive plural)
шыланьыс (approximative singular)
шыясланьыс (approximative plural)
шыӧдзыс (singular terminative)
шыясӧдзыс (plural terminative)
шыӧдыс (prolative prolative-i singular)
шыясӧдыс (plural prolative prolative-i)
шытіыс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыястіыс (plural prolative prolative-ii)
шыным (nominative singular)
шыясным (nominative plural)
шыным (accusative accusative-i singular)
шыясным (accusative accusative-i plural)
шынымӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
шыяснымӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
шынаным (instrumental singular)
шыяснаным (instrumental plural)
шынымкӧд (comitative singular)
шыяснымкӧд (comitative plural)
шытӧгным (caritive singular)
шыястӧгным (caritive plural)
шынымла (consecutive singular)
шыяснымла (consecutive plural)
шынымлӧн (genitive singular)
шыяснымлӧн (genitive plural)
шынымлысь (ablative singular)
шыяснымлысь (ablative plural)
шынымлы (dative singular)
шыяснымлы (dative plural)
шыаным (inessive singular)
шыясаным (inessive plural)
шысьыным (elative singular)
шыяссьыным (elative plural)
шыаным (illative singular)
шыясаным (illative plural)
шысяньным (egressive singular)
шыяссяньным (egressive plural)
шыланьным (approximative singular)
шыясланьным (approximative plural)
шыӧдзным (singular terminative)
шыясӧдзным (plural terminative)
шыӧдным (prolative prolative-i singular)
шыясӧдным (plural prolative prolative-i)
шытіным (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыястіным (plural prolative prolative-ii)
шыныд (nominative singular)
шыясныд (nominative plural)
шыныд (accusative accusative-i singular)
шыясныд (accusative accusative-i plural)
шынытӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
шыяснытӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
шынаныд (instrumental singular)
шыяснаныд (instrumental plural)
шыныдкӧд (comitative singular)
шыясныдкӧд (comitative plural)
шытӧгныд (caritive singular)
шыястӧгныд (caritive plural)
шыныдла (consecutive singular)
шыясныдла (consecutive plural)
шыныдлӧн (genitive singular)
шыясныдлӧн (genitive plural)
шыныдлысь (ablative singular)
шыясныдлысь (ablative plural)
шыныдлы (dative singular)
шыясныдлы (dative plural)
шыаныд (inessive singular)
шыясаныд (inessive plural)
шысьыныд (elative singular)
шыяссьыныд (elative plural)
шыаныд (illative singular)
шыясаныд (illative plural)
шысяньныд (egressive singular)
шыяссяньныд (egressive plural)
шыланьныд (approximative singular)
шыясланьныд (approximative plural)
шыӧдзныд (singular terminative)
шыясӧдзныд (plural terminative)
шыӧдныд (prolative prolative-i singular)
шыясӧдныд (plural prolative prolative-i)
шытіныд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыястіныд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
шыныс (nominative singular)
шыясныс (nominative plural)
шыныс (accusative accusative-i singular)
шыясныс (accusative accusative-i plural)
шынысӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
шыяснысӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
шынаныс (instrumental singular)
шыяснаныс (instrumental plural)
шынымкӧс (comitative singular)
шыяснымкӧс (comitative plural)
шытӧгныс (caritive singular)
шыястӧгныс (caritive plural)
шынысла (consecutive singular)
шыяснысла (consecutive plural)
шыныслӧн (genitive singular)
шыясныслӧн (genitive plural)
шыныслысь (ablative singular)
шыясныслысь (ablative plural)
шыныслы (dative singular)
шыясныслы (dative plural)
шыаныс (inessive singular)
шыясаныс (inessive plural)
шысьыныс (elative singular)
шыяссьыныс (elative plural)
шыаныс (illative singular)
шыясаныс (illative plural)
шысяньныс (egressive singular)
шыяссяньныс (egressive plural)
шыланьныс (approximative singular)
шыясланьныс (approximative plural)
шыӧдзныс (singular terminative)
шыясӧдзныс (plural terminative)
шыӧдныс (prolative prolative-i singular)
шыясӧдныс (plural prolative prolative-i)
шытіныс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыястіныс (plural prolative prolative-ii)

From Proto-Permic *šȯ. Cognates include Komi-Permyak шы (šy).


balsīgs

head

balsīgs (definite balsīgais, adverb balsīgi)

balsīgais (definite)
balsīgi (adverb)
balsīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
balsīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
balsīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
balsīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
balsīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
balsīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
balsīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
balsīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
balsīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
balsīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
balsīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
balsīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
balsīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
balsīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
balsīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
balsīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
balsīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
balsīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
balsīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
balsīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
balsīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
balsīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
balsīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
balsīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

patskaņi ir balsīgas skaņas

balsīgie līdzskaņi

balsīgie troksneņi

(phonetics, phonology) voiced (pronounced with simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords)


hyperthesis

/haɪˈpɜːθɪsɪs/

/hɪˈpɜːθɪsɪs/

/həˈpɜːθɪsɪs/

(linguistics, phonology) A form of metathesis in which non-contiguous sounds are switched.


īss

īss (definite īsais, comparative īsāks, superlative visīsākais, adverb īsi)

īsais (definite)
īsāks (comparative)
visīsākais (superlative)
īsi (adverb)
īss (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
īsi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
īsa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
īsas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
īsu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
īsus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
īsu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
īsas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
īsa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
īsu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
īsas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
īsu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
īsam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
īsiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
īsai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
īsām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
īsu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
īsiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
īsu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
īsām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
īsā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
īsos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
īsā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
īsās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *isas, *insas, from Proto-Indo-European *eis-, *is- (“to move fast, forcefully, to drive”) (from earlier “to hit, to move, to drive”). This root may have resulted from metathesis of *sei- (“to extend one's arms; strain, strength”), whence sist (“to hit”). Semantic development: “to hit, to move” > “to knock down, to reduce (with a blow)” > “made smaller, shorter” (participle). Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal įsas, Old Prussian insan (accusative), Sanskrit ईषत् (iṣát, “a little, a few”) (< *iṇst).

īss patskanis

īsa zilbe

(phonetics, phonology) short (pronounced with relatively little duration)


yod coalescence

Some English dialects with /dj/ and /tj/ within a morpheme have gradient amounts of affrication, from [dj] in careful speech to extreme “yod coalescence” approximating [dʒ][…].

1995, James M. Scobbie, “What Do We Do When Phonology is Powerful Enough to Imitate Phonetics? Comments on Zsiga”, in Bruce Connell, Amalia Arvaniti, editors, Phonology and Phonetic Evidence, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 306:

In words such as nature this process is long complete; but there are many other words where this ‘yod coalescence’ is still variable.

2006, J. C. Wells, “British English Pronunciation Preferences: A Changing Scene”, in Kingsley Bolton, Braj B. Kachru, editors, World Englishes, Routledge, →ISBN, page 236:

In the sequence would you, the female speaker uses yod coalescence: The alveolar plosive /d/ and the palatal approximant, /j/, merge to form the affricate [dʒ].

2011, Paul Skandera, Peter Burleigh, A Manual of English Phonetics and Phonology, 2nd edition, Narr, →ISBN, page 149:

(phonology) A process in English phonology whereby the clusters [dj], [tj], [sj], and [zj] become [dʒ], [tʃ], [ʃ], and [ʒ], respectively, through mutual assimilation.


fonologs

lv-noun

fonologs m (1st declension, feminine form: fonoloģe)

fonoloģe (feminine)
fonologs (nominative singular)
fonologi (nominative plural)
fonologu (accusative singular)
fonologus (accusative plural)
fonologa (genitive singular)
fonologu (genitive plural)
fonologam (dative singular)
fonologiem (dative plural)
fonologu (instrumental singular)
fonologiem (instrumental plural)
fonologā (locative singular)
fonologos (locative plural)
fonolog (singular vocative)
fonologi (plural vocative)

(male) phonologist (a specialist in phonology)


fonoloģe

fonoloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: fonologs)

fonologs (masculine)
fonoloģe (nominative singular)
fonoloģes (nominative plural)
fonoloģi (accusative singular)
fonoloģes (accusative plural)
fonoloģes (genitive singular)
fonoloģu (genitive plural)
fonoloģei (dative singular)
fonoloģēm (dative plural)
fonoloģi (instrumental singular)
fonoloģēm (instrumental plural)
fonoloģē (locative singular)
fonoloģēs (locative plural)
fonoloģe (singular vocative)
fonoloģes (plural vocative)

From fonologs (“phonologist”) + -e (“fem.”) (with palatalization of g to ģ).

(female) phonologist (a specialist in phonology)


fonoloģisks

head

fonoloģisks (definite fonoloģiskais, adverb fonoloģiski)

fonoloģiskais (definite)
fonoloģiski (adverb)
fonoloģisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
fonoloģiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
fonoloģiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
fonoloģiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
fonoloģisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
fonoloģiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
fonoloģisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
fonoloģiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
fonoloģiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
fonoloģisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
fonoloģiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
fonoloģisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
fonoloģiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
fonoloģiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
fonoloģiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
fonoloģiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
fonoloģisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
fonoloģiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
fonoloģisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
fonoloģiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
fonoloģiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
fonoloģiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
fonoloģiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From fonoloģija (“phonology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

fonoloģiskā analīze

valodas fonoloģiskās īpatnības

phonological (relating to the functions of sounds in language, or in a specific language)


vokālis

vokālis (nominative singular)
vokāļi (nominative plural)
vokāli (accusative singular)
vokāļus (accusative plural)
vokāļa (genitive singular)
vokāļu (genitive plural)
vokālim (dative singular)
vokāļiem (dative plural)
vokāli (instrumental singular)
vokāļiem (instrumental plural)
vokālī (locative singular)
vokāļos (locative plural)
vokāli (singular vocative)
vokāļi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Latin vōcālis (“voiced”).

ritma, lāpāmais vokālis

rhythmic vowel (added for prosodic or metric reasons)


divskanis

divskanis (nominative singular)
divskaņi (nominative plural)
divskani (accusative singular)
divskaņus (accusative plural)
divskaņa (genitive singular)
divskaņu (genitive plural)
divskanim (dative singular)
divskaņiem (dative plural)
divskani (instrumental singular)
divskaņiem (instrumental plural)
divskanī (locative singular)
divskaņos (locative plural)
divskani (singular vocative)
divskaņi (plural vocative)

Coined by Andrejs Stērste in 1879, from div(i) (“two”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”).

latviešu valodas divskaņi

(phonetics, phonology) diphthong (sequence of two different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


triftongs

triftongs (nominative singular)
triftongi (nominative plural)
triftongu (accusative singular)
triftongus (accusative plural)
triftonga (genitive singular)
triftongu (genitive plural)
triftongam (dative singular)
triftongiem (dative plural)
triftongu (instrumental singular)
triftongiem (instrumental plural)
triftongā (locative singular)
triftongos (locative plural)
triftong (singular vocative)
triftongi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek τρία (tría, “three”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).

triftonga komponenti

(phonetics, phonology) triphthong (sequence of three different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


patskanis

patskanis (nominative singular)
patskaņi (nominative plural)
patskani (accusative singular)
patskaņus (accusative plural)
patskaņa (genitive singular)
patskaņu (genitive plural)
patskanim (dative singular)
patskaņiem (dative plural)
patskani (instrumental singular)
patskaņiem (instrumental plural)
patskanī (locative singular)
patskaņos (locative plural)
patskani (singular vocative)
patskaņi (plural vocative)

From pats (“self”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). A calque of German Selbstlaut (“vowel”) coined by Atis Kronvalds in the 1860s (initially as pašskanis). It competed with, and eventually replaced, other coinages such as G. F. Stenders' skandinieks, K. Biezbārdis' skanis, or A. Stērste's balsskanis. There was some variation (patskanis, pašskaņa, patskaņa) until the early 20th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form patskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.

uzsvērti un neuzsvērti patskaņi

garie un īsie patskaņi

patskaņu klasifikācija

šaurais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― narrow, tense vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [ɛ])

platais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― broad, lax vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [æ])

ritma, lāpāmais patskanis


līdzskanis

līdzskanis (nominative singular)
līdzskaņi (nominative plural)
līdzskani (accusative singular)
līdzskaņus (accusative plural)
līdzskaņa (genitive singular)
līdzskaņu (genitive plural)
līdzskanim (dative singular)
līdzskaņiem (dative plural)
līdzskani (instrumental singular)
līdzskaņiem (instrumental plural)
līdzskanī (locative singular)
līdzskaņos (locative plural)
līdzskani (singular vocative)
līdzskaņi (plural vocative)

A term coined by Atis Kronvalds in the second half of the 19th century, from līdz(i) (“(together) with”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). It is a calque of German Mitlaut, from mit (“with”) and Laut (“sound”), itself a calque of Latin cōnsonans, from cōn- (“with”) and sonō (“to sound”).
It (and its alternative form līdzskaņa) competed with other proposed coinages, such as K. Biezbārdis' klaudzis and M. Kaudzīte's neskanis, until the end of the 19th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form līdzskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.

compound

balsīgi un nebalsīgi līdzskaņi

dubultoti līdzskaņi

līdzskaņu klasifikācija

cietais līdzskanis

mīkstais līdzskanis

(phonetics, phonology) consonant (language sound pronounced with some kind of obstruction in the vocal tract)


paragogic

en-adj

paragogic (comparative more paragogic, superlative most paragogic)

more paragogic (comparative)
most paragogic (superlative)

In the Semitic languages, paragogic letters are added to the ordinary forms of words to express additional emphasis or a change in the meaning.

(phonology) Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word.


preglottalize

en-verb

preglottalize (third-person singular simple present preglottalizes, present participle preglottalizing, simple past and past participle preglottalized)

preglottalizes (present singular third-person)
preglottalizing (participle present)
preglottalized (participle past)
preglottalized (past)

(transitive, phonology) To precede (a sound) by glottalization.


sound law

Then, to oversimplify, if there are similarities in sound and meaning between two words that do not obey the sound laws that have been established, we conclude that they have resulted from borrowing.

1877, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, page 118:

In conclusion, we present the sound laws of Old Icelandic in the chronological order which represents the results of this dissertation.

1940, Ainsley Maxwell Carlton, A Relative Chronology of Old Icelandic Sound Laws, Leland Stanford Junior University, page 114:

For reasons that will become clear shortly, this limitation of sound laws to a specific time is an important trait.

2000, Andrew L. Sihler, Language History, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 50:

(phonology) A rule that describes historical sound change (the change in pronunciation of a given sound or cluster of sounds) in the development of a language.

հնչյունական օրենք

rule that describes historical sound change in a language


խուլ

xul (romanization)
ամենախուլ (superlative)
խուլ (nominative singular)
խուլեր (nominative plural)
խուլի (dative singular)
խուլերի (dative plural)
խուլից (ablative singular)
խուլերից (ablative plural)
խուլով (instrumental singular)
խուլերով (instrumental plural)
խուլը (definite nominative singular)
խուլն (definite nominative singular)
խուլերը (definite nominative plural)
խուլերն (definite nominative plural)
խուլին (dative definite singular)
խուլերին (dative definite plural)
խուլս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
խուլերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
խուլիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
խուլերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
խուլիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
խուլերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
խուլովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
խուլերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
խուլդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
խուլերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
խուլիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
խուլերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
խուլիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
խուլերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
խուլովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
խուլերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
խուլ (nominative singular)
խուլեր (nominative plural)
խուլի (dative singular)
խուլերի (dative plural)
խուլից (ablative singular)
խուլերից (ablative plural)
խուլով (instrumental singular)
խուլերով (instrumental plural)
խուլում (locative singular)
խուլերում (locative plural)
խուլը (definite nominative singular)
խուլն (definite nominative singular)
խուլերը (definite nominative plural)
խուլերն (definite nominative plural)
խուլին (dative definite singular)
խուլերին (dative definite plural)
խուլս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
խուլերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
խուլիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
խուլերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
խուլիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
խուլերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
խուլովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
խուլերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
խուլումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
խուլերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
խուլդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
խուլերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
խուլիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
խուլերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
խուլիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
խուլերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
խուլովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
խուլերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
խուլումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
խուլերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

խուլերը/խուլերն

խուլերը/խուլերն


metaphony

(phonology) A sound change in which a vowel's pronunciation is affected by another.


betacism

en-noun

betacism (usually uncountable, plural betacisms)

From beta + -cism (phenomenon related to a specific phoneme).

q

Betacism is a fairly common phenomenon: it has taken place in Greek, Hebrew, Spanish, and some Portuguese dialects, among others.

(phonology) A sound change in which [b] (the voiced bilabial plosive) shifts to [v] (the voiced labiodental fricative).


psilosis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ψίλωσις (psílōsis).

(phonology) The sound change by which Greek lost the consonant sound /h/ during antiquity, h-dropping.


séimhigh

head

séimhigh (present analytic séimhíonn, future analytic séimheoidh, verbal noun séimhiú, past participle séimhithe)

séimhíonn (analytic present)
séimheoidh (analytic future)
séimhiú (noun-from-verb)
séimhithe (participle past)
séimhím (first-person indicative present singular)
séimhíonn tú (indicative present second-person singular)
séimhír (indicative present second-person singular)
séimhíonn sé (indicative present singular third-person)
sí (indicative present singular third-person)
séimhímid (first-person indicative plural present)
séimhíonn muid (first-person indicative plural present)
séimhíonn sibh (indicative plural present second-person)
séimhíonn siad (indicative plural present third-person)
séimhíd (indicative plural present third-person)
a shéimhíonn (indicative present relative)
a shéimhíos (indicative present relative)
a séimhíonn (indicative present relative)
séimhítear (autonomous indicative present)
shéimhigh mé (first-person indicative past singular)
shéimhíos (first-person indicative past singular)
shéimhigh tú (indicative past second-person singular)
shéimhís (indicative past second-person singular)
shéimhigh sé (indicative past singular third-person)
sí (indicative past singular third-person)
shéimhíomar (first-person indicative past plural)
shéimhigh muid (first-person indicative past plural)
shéimhigh sibh (indicative past plural second-person)
shéimhíobhair (indicative past plural second-person)
shéimhigh siad (indicative past plural third-person)
shéimhíodar (indicative past plural third-person)
a shéimhigh (indicative past relative)
ar shéimhigh (indicative past relative)
séimhíodh (autonomous indicative past)
shéimhínn (first-person habitual indicative past singular)
séimhínn‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past singular)
shéimhíteá (habitual indicative past second-person singular)
séimhíteá‡‡ (habitual indicative past second-person singular)
shéimhíodh sé (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
sí (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
séimhíodh sé (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
sí‡‡ (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
shéimhímis (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
shéimhíodh muid (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
séimhímis‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
séimhíodh muid‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
shéimhíodh sibh (habitual indicative past plural second-person)
séimhíodh sibh‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural second-person)
shéimhídís (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
shéimhíodh siad (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
séimhídís‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
séimhíodh siad‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
a shéimhíodh (habitual indicative past relative)
a séimhíodh (habitual indicative past relative)
shéimhítí (autonomous habitual indicative past)
séimhítí‡‡ (autonomous habitual indicative past)
séimheoidh mé (first-person future singular)
séimheod (first-person future singular)
séimheochaidh mé (first-person future singular)
séimheoidh tú (future second-person singular)
séimheoir (future second-person singular)
séimheochaidh tú (future second-person singular)
séimheoidh sé (future singular third-person)
sí (future singular third-person)
séimheochaidh sé (future singular third-person)
séimheoimid (first-person future plural)
séimheoidh muid (first-person future plural)
séimheochaimid (first-person future plural)
séimheochaidh muid (first-person future plural)
séimheoidh sibh (future plural second-person)
séimheochaidh sibh (future plural second-person)
séimheoidh siad (future plural third-person)
séimheoid (future plural third-person)
séimheochaidh siad (future plural third-person)
a shéimheoidh (future relative)
a shéimheos (future relative)
a shéimheochaidh (future relative)
a shéimheochas (future relative)
a séimheoidh (future relative)
a séimheochaidh (future relative)
séimheofar (autonomous future)
séimheochar (autonomous future)
shéimheoinn (conditional first-person singular)
shéimheochainn (conditional first-person singular)
séimheoinn‡‡ (conditional first-person singular)
séimheochainn^†‡‡ (conditional first-person singular)
shéimheofá (conditional second-person singular)
shéimheochthá (conditional second-person singular)
séimheofá‡‡ (conditional second-person singular)
séimheochthá^†‡‡ (conditional second-person singular)
shéimheodh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí (conditional singular third-person)
shéimheochadh sé (conditional singular third-person)
séimheodh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí‡‡ (conditional singular third-person)
séimheochadh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí^†‡‡ (conditional singular third-person)
shéimheoimis (conditional first-person plural)
shéimheodh muid (conditional first-person plural)
shéimheochaimis (conditional first-person plural)
shéimheochadh muid (conditional first-person plural)
séimheoimis‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
séimheodh muid‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
séimheochaimis^†‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
séimheochadh muid^†‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
shéimheodh sibh (conditional plural second-person)
shéimheochadh sibh (conditional plural second-person)
séimheodh sibh‡‡ (conditional plural second-person)
séimheochadh sibh^†‡‡ (conditional plural second-person)
shéimheoidís (conditional plural third-person)
shéimheodh siad (conditional plural third-person)
shéimheochadh siad (conditional plural third-person)
séimheoidís‡‡ (conditional plural third-person)
séimheodh siad‡‡ (conditional plural third-person)
séimheochadh siad^†‡‡ (conditional plural third-person)
a shéimheodh (conditional relative)
a shéimheochadh (conditional relative)
a séimheodh (conditional relative)
a séimheochadh (conditional relative)
shéimheofaí (autonomous conditional)
shéimheochthaí (autonomous conditional)
séimheofaí‡‡ (autonomous conditional)
séimheochthaí^†‡‡ (autonomous conditional)
go séimhí mé (first-person present singular subjunctive)
go séimhíod (first-person present singular subjunctive)
go séimhí tú (present second-person singular subjunctive)
go séimhír (present second-person singular subjunctive)
go séimhí sé (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sí (present singular subjunctive third-person)
go séimhímid (first-person plural present subjunctive)
go séimhí muid (first-person plural present subjunctive)
go séimhí sibh (plural present second-person subjunctive)
go séimhí siad (plural present subjunctive third-person)
go séimhíd (plural present subjunctive third-person)
go séimhítear (autonomous present subjunctive)
dá séimhínn (first-person past singular subjunctive)
dá séimhíteá (past second-person singular subjunctive)
dá séimhíodh sé (past singular subjunctive third-person)
sí (past singular subjunctive third-person)
dá séimhímis (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dá séimhíodh muid (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dá séimhíodh sibh (past plural second-person subjunctive)
dá séimhídís (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dá séimhíodh siad (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dá séimhítí (autonomous past subjunctive)
séimhím (first-person imperative singular)
séimhigh (imperative second-person singular)
séimhíodh sé (imperative singular third-person)
sí (imperative singular third-person)
séimhímis (first-person imperative plural)
séimhígí (imperative plural second-person)
séimhídh (imperative plural second-person)
séimhídís (imperative plural third-person)
séimhítear (autonomous imperative)
séimhiú (noun-from-verb)
séimhithe (participle past)
séimhigh
shéimhigh
tséimhigh

From Old Irish séimigidir (“to attenuate; soften”), from séim (“slender; smooth”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸeimis. By surface analysis, séimh + -igh.


archiphoneme

(phonology) A unit representing two or more underlying phonemes, where the distinction between them has been neutralized under certain conditions.


trochäisch

de-adj

trochäisch (strong nominative masculine singular trochäischer, not comparable)

trochäischer (masculine nominative singular strong)
trochäisch (masculine predicative singular)
trochäisch (feminine predicative singular)
trochäisch (neuter predicative singular)
trochäisch (plural predicative)
trochäischer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
trochäische (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
trochäisches (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
trochäische (nominative plural strong without-article)
trochäischen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
trochäischer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
trochäischen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
trochäischer (genitive plural strong without-article)
trochäischem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
trochäischer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
trochäischem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
trochäischen (dative plural strong without-article)
trochäischen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
trochäische (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
trochäisches (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
trochäische (accusative plural strong without-article)
der trochäische (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die trochäische (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das trochäische (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die trochäischen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des trochäischen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der trochäischen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des trochäischen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der trochäischen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem trochäischen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der trochäischen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem trochäischen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den trochäischen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den trochäischen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die trochäische (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das trochäische (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die trochäischen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein trochäischer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine trochäische (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein trochäisches (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
trochäischen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine trochäischen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines trochäischen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer trochäischen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines trochäischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
trochäischen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner trochäischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem trochäischen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer trochäischen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem trochäischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
trochäischen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen trochäischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen trochäischen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine trochäische (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein trochäisches (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
trochäischen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine trochäischen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)

/tʁoˈxɛː.ɪʃ/


vouoyelle

From Old French vouel, from Latin vōcālis.


sonus medius

la-noun

sonus medius m (genitive sonī mediī); second declension

sonī mediī (genitive)
sonus medius (nominative singular)
sonī mediī (nominative plural)
sonī mediī (genitive singular)
sonōrum mediōrum (genitive plural)
sonō mediō (dative singular)
sonīs mediīs (dative plural)
sonum medium (accusative singular)
sonōs mediōs (accusative plural)
sonō mediō (ablative singular)
sonīs mediīs (ablative plural)
sone medie (singular vocative)
sonī mediī (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠ɔnʊs̠ ˈmɛd̪iʊs̠]


Schwächung

de-noun

Schwächung f (genitive Schwächung, plural Schwächungen)

Schwächung (genitive)
Schwächungen (plural)
Schwächung (nominative singular)
Schwächungen (definite nominative plural)
Schwächung (genitive singular)
Schwächungen (definite genitive plural)
Schwächung (dative singular)
Schwächungen (dative definite plural)
Schwächung (accusative singular)
Schwächungen (accusative definite plural)


Spiritus

Spiritus m (strong, genitive Spiritus, plural Spiritus or Spiritusse)

Spiritus (genitive)
Spiritus (plural)
Spiritusse (plural)
Spiritus (nominative singular)
Spiritus (definite nominative plural)
Spiritusse (definite nominative plural)
Spiritus (genitive singular)
Spiritus (definite genitive plural)
Spiritusse (definite genitive plural)
Spiritus (dative singular)
Spiritus (dative definite plural)
Spiritussen (dative definite plural)
Spiritus (accusative singular)
Spiritus (accusative definite plural)
Spiritusse (accusative definite plural)


UR

underlying representation
w:underlying representation

(phonology) Initialism of underlying representation.


гучны

be-adj

гу́чны • (húčny)

гу́чны (canonical)
húčny (romanization)
гу́чны (masculine nominative)
гу́чнае (neuter nominative)
гу́чная (feminine nominative)
гу́чныя (nominative plural)
гу́чнага (genitive masculine neuter)
гу́чнай (feminine genitive)
гу́чных (genitive plural)
гу́чнаму (dative masculine neuter)
гу́чнай (dative feminine)
гу́чным (dative plural)
гу́чнага (accusative animate masculine)
гу́чнае (accusative neuter)
гу́чную (accusative feminine)
гу́чных (accusative animate plural)
гу́чны (accusative inanimate masculine)
гу́чныя (accusative inanimate plural)
гу́чным (instrumental masculine neuter)
гу́чнай (feminine instrumental)
гу́чнаю (feminine instrumental)
гу́чнымі (instrumental plural)
гу́чным (locative masculine neuter)
гу́чнай (feminine locative)
гу́чных (locative plural)


aiceantach

head

aiceantach m (genitive singular aiceantaigh, nominative plural aiceantaigh)

aiceantaigh (genitive singular)
aiceantaigh (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aiceantach (indefinite singular)
aiceantaigh (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aiceantaigh (indefinite singular)
a aiceantacha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aiceantaigh (indefinite singular)
aiceantach (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aiceantach (definite singular)
na haiceantaigh (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aiceantaigh (definite singular)
na n-aiceantach (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aiceantach (definite singular)
don aiceantach (definite singular)
leis na haiceantaigh (definite plural)
aiceantach
n-aiceantach
haiceantach
t-aiceantach


aifricéad

aifricéad m (genitive singular aifricéid, nominative plural aifricéid)

aifricéid (genitive singular)
aifricéid (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aifricéad (indefinite singular)
aifricéid (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aifricéid (indefinite singular)
a aifricéada (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aifricéid (indefinite singular)
aifricéad (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aifricéad (definite singular)
na haifricéid (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aifricéid (definite singular)
na n-aifricéad (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aifricéad (definite singular)
don aifricéad (definite singular)
leis na haifricéid (definite plural)
aifricéad
n-aifricéad
haifricéad
t-aifricéad

Borrowed from English affricate, from Latin affricātus (“rubbed”).


aonfhoghar

aonfhoghar m (genitive singular aonfhoghair, nominative plural aonfhoghair)

aonfhoghair (genitive singular)
aonfhoghair (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aonfhoghar (indefinite singular)
aonfhoghair (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aonfhoghair (indefinite singular)
a aonfhoghara (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aonfhoghair (indefinite singular)
aonfhoghar (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aonfhoghar (definite singular)
na haonfhoghair (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aonfhoghair (definite singular)
na n-aonfhoghar (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aonfhoghar (definite singular)
don aonfhoghar (definite singular)
leis na haonfhoghair (definite plural)
aonfhoghar
n-aonfhoghar
haonfhoghar

aon (“one, single”) + foghar (“sound”), a calque of Ancient Greek μονόφθογγος (monóphthongos, “single sound”)


r-dropping

(phonology) The omission of the sound of a letter "r" after a vowel.


пријеглас

прије́глас (canonical masculine)
prijéglas (romanization)
прије́глас (nominative singular)
пријегласа (genitive singular)
пријегласу (dative singular)
пријеглас (accusative singular)
пријегласе (singular vocative)
пријегласу (locative singular)
пријегласом (instrumental singular)

From прије- + глас.

prefix

прије- + глас


prijeglas

sh-noun

prijéglas m (Cyrillic spelling прије́глас)

prijéglas (canonical masculine)
прије́глас (Cyrillic)
prijéglas (nominative singular)
prijeglasa (genitive singular)
prijeglasu (dative singular)
prijeglas (accusative singular)
prijeglase (singular vocative)
prijeglasu (locative singular)
prijeglasom (instrumental singular)


преглас

пре́глас (canonical masculine)
préglas (romanization)
пре́глас (nominative singular)
прегласа (genitive singular)
прегласу (dative singular)
преглас (accusative singular)
прегласе (singular vocative)
прегласу (locative singular)
прегласом (instrumental singular)

From пре- + глас.


suarabácti

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वरभक्ति (svarabhakti, “vowel separation”), a compound of स्वर (svara, “vowel”) + भक्ति (bhakti, “separation”).

bor+

(linguistics, phonology) svarabhakti; anaptyxis (epenthesis of a vowel)


умляут

ru-noun+

умля́ут • (umljáut) m inan (genitive умля́ута, nominative plural умля́уты, genitive plural умля́утов)

умля́ут (canonical)
umljáut (romanization)
умля́ута (genitive)
умля́уты (nominative plural)
умля́утов (genitive plural)
умля́ут (nominative singular)
умля́уты (nominative plural)
умля́ута (genitive singular)
умля́утов (genitive plural)
умля́уту (dative singular)
умля́утам (dative plural)
умля́ут (accusative singular)
умля́уты (accusative plural)
умля́утом (instrumental singular)
умля́утами (instrumental plural)
умля́уте (prepositional singular)
умля́утах (plural prepositional)

(orthography, phonology) umlaut (diacritical mark or partial assimilation of a vowel)


умлаут

умла́ут • (umláut) m inan (genitive умла́ута, nominative plural умла́уты, genitive plural умла́утов)

умла́ут (canonical)
umláut (romanization)
умла́ута (genitive)
умла́уты (nominative plural)
умла́утов (genitive plural)
умла́ут (nominative singular)
умла́уты (nominative plural)
умла́ута (genitive singular)
умла́утов (genitive plural)
умла́уту (dative singular)
умла́утам (dative plural)
умла́ут (accusative singular)
умла́уты (accusative plural)
умла́утом (instrumental singular)
умла́утами (instrumental plural)
умла́уте (prepositional singular)
умла́утах (plural prepositional)


addental

an addental lisp


balsīgums

balsīgums (nominative singular)
balsīgumu (accusative singular)
balsīguma (genitive singular)
balsīgumam (dative singular)
balsīgumu (instrumental singular)
balsīgumā (locative singular)
balsīgum (singular vocative)

From balsīgs (“voiced”) + -ums (with balsīgs from balss (“voice”) + -īgs).

skaņas balsīgums

plūdeņi un nāseņi vārdu beigās zaudē savu balsīgumu

liquids and nasals lose their voice (= become voiceless) word-finally

(phonetics, phonology) voice (the quality of that which is voiced, which is pronounced with simultaneous vibrations of the vocal cords)


nazālums

nazālums (nominative singular)
nazālumu (accusative singular)
nazāluma (genitive singular)
nazālumam (dative singular)
nazālumu (instrumental singular)
nazālumā (locative singular)
nazālum (singular vocative)

balss nazālums

patskaņa nazālums

slēdzeņa ŋ artikulācija vietas ziņā ir līdzīga līdzskaņu k, g artikulācijai, atšķirdamas tikai ar nazālumu

with respect to the place of articulation, the occlusive ŋ is similar to the articulation of the consonants k, g, differing (from them) only with (= by, because of) nasalization

(phonetics, phonology) nasality, nasalness (the quality of that which is nasal, which is accompanied by simultaneous airflow through the nose)


nāsenis

nāsenis (nominative singular)
nāseņi (nominative plural)
nāseni (accusative singular)
nāseņus (accusative plural)
nāseņa (genitive singular)
nāseņu (genitive plural)
nāsenim (dative singular)
nāseņiem (dative plural)
nāseni (instrumental singular)
nāseņiem (instrumental plural)
nāsenī (locative singular)
nāseņos (locative plural)
nāseni (singular vocative)
nāseņi (plural vocative)

Coined in the 1920s, from nāss (“nostril”) + -enis.

sanskrita nāsenis ñ ir pielāgojošs alofons līdzskanim n

the Sanskrit nasal consonant ñ is an assimilating allophone of the consonant n

(phonetics, phonology) nasal consonant (a consonant articulated simultaneously with nasal airflow; e.g., m, n)


nazāls

head

nazāls (definite nazālais, comparative nazālāks, superlative visnazālākais, adverb nazāli)

nazālais (definite)
nazālāks (comparative)
visnazālākais (superlative)
nazāli (adverb)
nazāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
nazāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
nazāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
nazālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
nazālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
nazālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
nazālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
nazālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
nazāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
nazālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
nazālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
nazālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
nazālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
nazāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
nazālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
nazālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
nazālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
nazāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
nazālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
nazālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
nazālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
nazālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
nazālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
nazālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From nāss (“nostril”) + -āls. Clearly not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

nazāla skaņa

nazāls līdzskanis

nazāls patskanis

(phonetics, phonology) nasal (pronounced with simultaneous airflow through the nose)


nazalizēt

nazalizēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present nazalizēju, nazalizē, nazalizē, past nazalizēju)

conjugation (second-person)
nazalizēju (present)
nazalizē (present)
nazalizēju (past)
nazalizēju (first-person indicative present singular)
nazalizēju (first-person indicative past singular)
nazalizēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
nazalizē (indicative present second-person singular)
nazalizēji (indicative past second-person singular)
nazalizēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
nazalizē (imperative second-person singular)
nazalizē (indicative present singular third-person)
nazalizēja (indicative past singular third-person)
nazalizēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai nazalizē (imperative singular third-person)
nazalizējam (first-person indicative plural present)
nazalizējām (first-person indicative past plural)
nazalizēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
nazalizēsim (first-person imperative plural)
nazalizējat (indicative plural present second-person)
nazalizējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
nazalizēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
nazalizēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
nazalizējiet (imperative plural second-person)
nazalizē (indicative plural present third-person)
nazalizēja (indicative past plural third-person)
nazalizēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai nazalizē (imperative plural third-person)
nazalizējot (present renarrative)
nazalizējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot nazalizējis (past renarrative)
nazalizēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
nazalizēšot (future renarrative)
nazalizējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai nazalizējot (imperative)
nazalizējam (active participle participle-4 present)
nazalizējis (active participle past)
nazalizētu (conditional present)
būtu nazalizējis (conditional past)
nazalizēts (participle passive past)
jānazalizē (debitive indicative)
būt jānazalizē (debitive indicative)
nazalizēt (infinitive)
esot jānazalizē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nenazalizēt (infinitive negative)
jānazalizējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
nazalizēšana (noun-from-verb)

From nazāls (“nasal”) + -izēt. Clearly not formed as such in Lithuanian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

nazalizēt līdzskani

nazalizēt patskani

(phonetics, phonology) to nasalize (to pronounce a sound with simultaneous airflow through the nose)


nazalizācija

nazalizācija (nominative singular)
nazalizāciju (accusative singular)
nazalizācijas (genitive singular)
nazalizācijai (dative singular)
nazalizāciju (instrumental singular)
nazalizācijā (locative singular)
nazalizācija (singular vocative)

From nazaliz(ēt) (“nasalize”) + -ācija. Clearly not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

fonētikā nazalizācija

(phonetics, phonology) nasalization (pronunciation of a sound with simultaneous nasal airflow)


άηχος

άηχος • (áichos) m (feminine άηχη, neuter άηχο)

áichos (romanization)
άηχη (feminine)
άηχο (neuter)
άηχος (masculine nominative singular)
άηχη (feminine nominative singular)
άηχο (neuter nominative singular)
άηχοι (masculine nominative plural)
άηχες (feminine nominative plural)
άηχα (neuter nominative plural)
άηχου (genitive masculine singular)
άηχης (feminine genitive singular)
άηχου (genitive neuter singular)
άηχων (genitive masculine plural)
άηχων (feminine genitive plural)
άηχων (genitive neuter plural)
άηχο (accusative masculine singular)
άηχη (accusative feminine singular)
άηχο (accusative neuter singular)
άηχους (accusative masculine plural)
άηχες (accusative feminine plural)
άηχα (accusative neuter plural)
άηχε (masculine singular vocative)
άηχη (feminine singular vocative)
άηχο (neuter singular vocative)
άηχοι (masculine plural vocative)
άηχες (feminine plural vocative)
άηχα (neuter plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Koine Greek ἄηχος (áēkhos). By surface analysis, ά- (á-, privative alpha) + ήχος (íchos, “sound”).

surf

Τα άηχα σύμφωνα της νεοελληνικής είναι τα [p t k c], [f x ç θ s] και [ts].
Ta áicha sýmfona tis neoellinikís eínai ta [p t k c], [f x ç th s] kai [ts].
The voiceless consonants of Modern Greek are [p t k c], [f x ç θ s] and [ts].

(phonetics, phonology) voiceless, unvoiced


acentizar

io-head

acentizar (present acentizas, past acentizis, future acentizos, conditional acentizus, imperative acentizez)

acentizas (present)
acentizis (past)
acentizos (future)
acentizus (conditional)
acentizez (imperative)
acentizar (infinitive present)
acentizir (infinitive past)
acentizor (future infinitive)
acentizas (present)
acentizis (past)
acentizos (future)
acentizus (conditional present)
acentizez (imperative present)
acentizanta (active adjective participle present)
acentizinta (active adjective participle past)
acentizonta (active adjective future participle)
acentizante (active adverbial participle present)
acentizinte (active adverbial participle past)
acentizonte (active adverbial future participle)
acentizanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
acentizinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
acentizonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
acentizanti (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
acentizinti (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
acentizonti (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
acentizata (adjectival participle passive present)
acentizita (adjectival participle passive past)
acentizota (adjectival future participle passive)
acentizate (adverbial participle passive present)
acentizite (adverbial participle passive past)
acentizote (adverbial future participle passive)
acentizato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
acentizito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
acentizoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
acentizati (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
acentiziti (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
acentizoti (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)

(transitive, phonology) to accent, stress (a vowel or syllable)


إسقاط

ar-noun

إِسْقَاط • (ʔisqāṭ) m

إِسْقَاط (canonical)
ʔisqāṭ (romanization)
إِسْقَاط (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْإِسْقَاط (definite informal singular triptote)
إِسْقَاط (construct informal singular triptote)
إِسْقَاطٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْإِسْقَاطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
إِسْقَاطُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
إِسْقَاطًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْإِسْقَاطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
إِسْقَاطَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
إِسْقَاطٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْإِسْقَاطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
إِسْقَاطِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Verbal noun derived from the verb أَسْقَطَ (ʔasqaṭa).

(grammar, phonology, phonetics) elision, deletion


voicedness

(phonetics, phonology) The state or property of being uttered in a voiced manner.

zöngésség

the state or property of being uttered in a voiced manner


наголос

uk-noun

на́голос<genu>

на́голос • (náholos) m inan (genitive на́голосу, nominative plural на́голоси, genitive plural на́голосів)

на́голос (canonical)
náholos (romanization)
на́голосу (genitive)
на́голоси (nominative plural)
на́голосів (genitive plural)
на́голос (nominative singular)
на́голоси (nominative plural)
на́голосу (genitive singular)
на́голосів (genitive plural)
на́голосові (dative singular)
на́голосу (dative singular)
на́голосам (dative plural)
на́голос (accusative singular)
на́голоси (accusative plural)
на́голосом (instrumental singular)
на́голосами (instrumental plural)
на́голосі (locative singular)
на́голосах (locative plural)
на́голосе (singular vocative)
на́голоси (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

на́голос<genu>

Uk-наголос.ogg

(phonology, phonetics, grammar) stress, accent


kjerne

kjernen (definite singular)
kjerner (indefinite plural)
kjernene (definite plural)

From Old Norse kjarni, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“core, kernel”), of *kurną (“corn, grain”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain”), possibly of *ǵr̥h₂-nós (“matured, grown old”), of both *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, mature”) and *-nóm (creates verbal adjectives from roots.).
Cognate with Danish kerne, Swedish kärna, German Kern, Dutch kern, Faroese kjarni and Icelandic kjarni.

(phonetics, phonology) a nucleus (the central part of a syllable, most commonly a vowel)


твердий

uk-adj

тверди́й • (tverdýj) (comparative тверді́ший, adverb тве́рдо)

тверди́й (canonical)
tverdýj (romanization)
тверді́ший (comparative)
тве́рдо (adverb)
тверди́й (masculine nominative)
тверде́ (neuter nominative)
тверда́ (feminine nominative)
тверді́ (nominative plural)
твердо́го (genitive masculine neuter)
твердо́ї (feminine genitive)
тверди́х (genitive plural)
твердо́му (dative masculine neuter)
тверді́й (dative feminine)
тверди́м (dative plural)
твердо́го (accusative animate masculine)
тверде́ (accusative neuter)
тверду́ (accusative feminine)
тверди́х (accusative animate plural)
тверди́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
тверді́ (accusative inanimate plural)
тверди́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
твердо́ю (feminine instrumental)
тверди́ми (instrumental plural)
твердо́му (locative masculine neuter)
тверді́м (locative masculine neuter)
тверді́й (feminine locative)
тверди́х (locative plural)

Uk-твердий.ogg

Inherited from Old East Slavic твьрдъ (tvĭrdŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Doublet of кварц (kvarc).

inh+

тверди́й знак


Stärkung

de-noun

Stärkung f (genitive Stärkung, plural Stärkungen)

Stärkung (genitive)
Stärkungen (plural)
Stärkung (nominative singular)
Stärkungen (definite nominative plural)
Stärkung (genitive singular)
Stärkungen (definite genitive plural)
Stärkung (dative singular)
Stärkungen (dative definite plural)
Stärkung (accusative singular)
Stärkungen (accusative definite plural)


alofono

eo-head

alofono (accusative singular alofonon, plural alofonoj, accusative plural alofonojn)

alofonon (accusative singular)
alofonoj (plural)
alofonojn (accusative plural)


alomorfia

(phonology) allomorphy (the presence of allomorphs)


dentality

(phonology) The quality of being dental.


sandi

id-noun

sandi (plural sandi-sandi, first-person possessive sandiku, second-person possessive sandimu, third-person possessive sandinya)

sandi-sandi (plural)
sandiku (first-person possessive)
sandimu (possessive second-person)
sandinya (possessive third-person)

From Malay sandi, from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi), संधि (saṃdhi). Doublet of sendi.

(phonology) sandhi: any of a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries, such as the fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of sounds due to neighboring sounds or due to the grammatical function of adjacent words.


連線

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


allophony

(phonology) Variation in the phonetic realizations of a phoneme; the state of a phoneme having multiple allophones.

allofonia

variation in the phonetic realizations of a phoneme


seseo

an accent in Spanish and Galician that pronounces z, and c before e or i, as /s/ rather than /θ/


counterfeed

en-verb

counterfeed (third-person singular simple present counterfeeds, present participle counterfeeding, simple past and past participle counterfed)

counterfeeds (present singular third-person)
counterfeeding (participle present)
counterfed (participle past)
counterfed (past)

(phonology, of a phonological rule) To fail to feed.


counterbleed

counterbleed (third-person singular simple present counterbleeds, present participle counterbleeding, simple past and past participle counterbled)

counterbleeds (present singular third-person)
counterbleeding (participle present)
counterbled (participle past)
counterbled (past)

(phonology, of a phonological rule) To fail to bleed.


diaphoneme

The transcription /oː‖əʊ‖oʊ/ or {oː} represents the diaphoneme descended from the ancestral Old English phoneme /oː/, which is preserved in Irish English as [oː] but has become [əʊ] in Received Pronunciation and as [oʊ] in General American.

The series with the long a as a point of departure…today has the diaphoneme /o‖u/, and to be exhaustive the diaphoneme should be rendered /o‖u‖au‖oi/, for in western Yiddish there are also the articulations /šlaufn/ and /šloifn/ (sleep). From the point of departure of long e (Early Vowel E₂) Yiddish arrived at the diaphoneme /ei‖ai/, for example in veynik (little) (cf. MHG wênic). In groys (big; Early Vowel O₂) (cf. MHG groȥ), Yiddish has the diaphoneme /ei‖oi/; with the variant of Samogitia–Latvia (7.35), the symbolization will become still more complicated: /ei‖øu‖oi‖ou/.

1980, S. Noble & J.A. Fishman (trr.), M. Weinrich (auth.), P. Glasser (ed.), History of the Yiddish Language II (2008), ch. vii, pp. 467f.

(phonology) An abstract phonological unit that represents collectively the dialectal variants of a phoneme.

diafoneem

abstract phonological unit denoting all the dialectal variations of a phoneme


fonólogo

gl-noun

fonólogo m (plural fonólogos, feminine fonóloga, feminine plural fonólogas)

fonólogos (plural)
fonóloga (feminine)
fonólogas (feminine plural)


fonólogo

phonologist (person who specialises in phonology)


anaptyctic

(phonology) Of or pertaining to anaptyxis; of a vowel having been inserted into a word.


ambisyllabic

(phonology, of a consonant) Acting simultaneously as the coda of one syllable and the onset of the following syllable.

ambissilábico

acting simultaneously as the coda of one syllable and the onset of the following syllable


alfabeto fonético internacional

pt-noun

alfabeto fonético internacional m (uncountable)

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet (standardised symbols for speech)


Lautschrift

de-noun

Lautschrift f (genitive Lautschrift, plural Lautschriften)

Lautschrift (genitive)
Lautschriften (plural)
Lautschrift (nominative singular)
Lautschriften (definite nominative plural)
Lautschrift (genitive singular)
Lautschriften (definite genitive plural)
Lautschrift (dative singular)
Lautschriften (dative definite plural)
Lautschrift (accusative singular)
Lautschriften (accusative definite plural)

From Laut (“sound”) + Schrift (“script”).

(phonetics) phonetic alphabet, phonetic transcription


fonológico

pt-adj

fonológico (feminine fonológica, masculine plural fonológicos, feminine plural fonológicas)

fonológica (feminine)
fonológicos (masculine plural)
fonológicas (feminine plural)

phonological (of or relating to phonology)


流音

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


流音

流音 (canonical)
ryūon (romanization)
riuon (romanization)
りうおん (hiragana historical)


陰平

/in⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/im³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piã¹³/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piã²⁴/

/in⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/im³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piã¹³/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² piã²⁴/

(～調, ～聲) (phonology) dark level tone, a tone in various modern Chinese varieties, generally corresponding to the level tone and voiceless onset in Middle Chinese, e.g. tone 1 (/˥/) in Standard Mandarin (marked in Hanyu Pinyin with a macron [ ¯ ] and usually left unmarked in bopomofo), tone 1 (/˥/) in Guangzhou Cantonese, tone 1 (/˦/) in Meixian Hakka, tone 1 (/˦/) in Xiamen/Taiwanese Hokkien (unmarked in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)


tajwid

Arabic تَجْوِيد (tajwīd), literally "elocution".

(Islam, phonology) The rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Qur'an.


canolig

cy-adj

canolig (feminine singular canolig, plural canolig, not comparable)

canolig (feminine singular)
canolig (plural)
canolig
ganolig (soft)
nghanolig
chanolig

central, mean; moderate, middling; intermediate

(phonology) of medium quantity (of vowels); voiced mute (of consonant)


ruki

From the sounds (r, u̯, K, i̯) which triggered the change. The law is stated as a mnemonic rule because the word руки (ruki) means “hands” in Russian.

(phonology) A sound change that took place in the satem branches of the Indo-European language family, and according to which an original *s changed to *š after the consonants *r, *k, *g, *gʰ and the semi-vowels *w (*u̯) and *y (*i̯).


ανομοίωση

head

ανομοίωση • (anomoíosi) f (plural ανομοιώσεις)

anomoíosi (romanization)
ανομοιώσεις (plural)
ανομοίωση (nominative singular)
ανομοιώσεις (nominative plural)
ανομοίωσης (genitive singular)
ανομοιώσεων (genitive plural)
ανομοίωση (accusative singular)
ανομοιώσεις (accusative plural)
ανομοίωση (singular vocative)
ανομοιώσεις (plural vocative)

el-decl-noun

Older or formal genitive singular: ανομοιώσεως (anomoióseos)

From Ancient Greek ἀνομοίωσις (anomoíōsis). Semantic loan from French dissimilation.


輕聲

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰeŋ³³⁻²³ sĩã³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kʰeŋ³³⁻²³ sĩã³³/

The bo (蔔) in luóbo (蘿蔔, radish) needs to be read with a neutral tone.

「蘿蔔」的「蔔」要念輕聲。

「萝卜」的「卜」要念轻声。

(phonology) neutral tone; in Hanyu Pinyin usually left unmarked (or optionally marked with ·) and in bopomofo marked with ˙


pronunciação

(phonology) pronunciation (way in which words are pronounced)


acento musical

pt-noun

acento musical m (plural acentos musicais)

(phonology) pitch accent (tone system that uses variations in pitch to give prominence to a syllable or mora)


acento de altura

acento de altura m (plural acentos de altura)


Anglo-Frisian brightening

(phonology) A sound change in the early Anglo-Frisian languages in which the vowel /ɑ/ was fronted to /æ/.


subtónico

pt-adj

subtónico (feminine subtónica, masculine plural subtónicos, feminine plural subtónicas)

subtónica (feminine)
subtónicos (masculine plural)
subtónicas (feminine plural)


pentamoraic

(phonology, uncommon) Having five morae.


monomoraicity

Let us assume that the reduplicative template is specified as "syllable", with the understanding that a template expands maximally in association (in this case, into a heavy syllable) unless it carries a specific restriction (e.g. to monomoraicity).

1986, Ralf-Armin Mester, Studies in tier structure, page 203:

(phonology) The property of having one mora.


bimoraicity

(phonology) The property of having two morae.


quadrimoraic

A syllabic trochee template is simply unable to account for the requirement that p-forms are maximally quadrimoraic.

1997, Mary Ellen Scullen, French prosodic morphology: a unified account, page 204:

The 'letter' thus corresponds with a mora, and the nouns in question could be termed quadrimoraic.

1998, Robert R. Ratcliffe, The Broken Plural Problem in Arabic and Comparative Semitic: Allomorphy and analogy in non-concatenative morphology:

According to Kubozono (2006: 1147—1150), this is the case for 96% of accented trimoraic gairaigo and 70% of accented quadrimoraic gairaigo.

2011, Mark Irwin, Loanwords in Japanese, page 128:


upglide

Assuming that upglides signal tentativeness, interpersonal meaning and doubt, stereotypical belief would expect women to favour upglides rather than downglides.

2011, Britta Mondorf, Gender Differences in English Syntax, page 56:


δασύς

head

δασύς • (dasýs) m (feminine δασεία, neuter δασύ)

dasýs (romanization)
δασεία (feminine)
δασύ (neuter)
δασύς (masculine nominative singular)
δασεία (feminine nominative singular)
δασύ (neuter nominative singular)
δασείς (masculine nominative plural)
δασείες (feminine nominative plural)
δασέα (neuter nominative plural)
δασέος (genitive masculine singular)
δασύ (genitive masculine singular)
δασείας (feminine genitive singular)
δασύ (genitive neuter singular)
δασέος (genitive neuter singular)
δασέων (genitive masculine plural)
δασειών (feminine genitive plural)
δασέων (genitive neuter plural)
δασύ (accusative masculine singular)
δασεία (accusative feminine singular)
δασύ (accusative neuter singular)
δασείς (accusative masculine plural)
δασείες (accusative feminine plural)
δασέα (accusative neuter plural)
δασύ (masculine singular vocative)
δασεία (feminine singular vocative)
δασύ (neuter singular vocative)
δασείς (masculine plural vocative)
δασείες (feminine plural vocative)
δασέα (neuter plural vocative)

el-decl-adj-positive

Comparative: <i class="Grek mention" lang="el">πιο</i> + positive forms (e.g. πιο δασύς, etc.)
 Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο δασύς, etc.)

el-decl-adj-table

δασύς (dasýs)

δασεία (daseía)

δασείς (daseís)

δασείες (daseíes)

δασέα (daséa)

δασέος (daséos)

δασείας (daseías)

δασέος (daséos)

δασέων (daséon)

δασειών (daseión)

δασέων (daséon)

δασεία (daseía)

δασείς (daseís)

δασείες (daseíes)

δασέα (daséa)

δασεία (daseía)

δασείς (daseís)

δασείες (daseíes)

δασέα (daséa)


soundlore

From sound + lore. Perhaps calqued from German Lautlehre (“phonology”, literally “sound-lore”).

The present opportunity has been used to enlarge and improve several departments of the Grammar, especially those of Soundlore and Derivation, and to bring out somewhat more prominently than before the leading facts of Comparative Philology, […]

1875, Notes on Books, Longmans, Green and co:

Since this volume contains a careful analysis and complete survey of what has been hitherto written on soundlore, the author would deserve the gratitude of all learners if his work were to be looked upon […]

1893, Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art:

I must reiterate excuse if I have seemed heedless or impertinent in my refusal seriously to consider works on prosody which are based upon "sound-lore."

1910, George Saintsbury, A history of English prosody from the twelfth century to the present day:

It may be, as he says, that these groups are not so generally studied as Greek, Teutonic and Latin, but they often (especially Lithuanian) supply forms which are of the greatest value for deciding difficult points of Aryan sound-lore.

1969, Demetrius Charles de Kavanagh Boulger, Asian Review:

(dated, phonology) The study of sounds; phonology.


demorification

(phonology) The process of becoming or making something nonmoraic; the process of losing or causing to lose a mora.


demorify

en-verb

demorify (third-person singular simple present demorifies, present participle demorifying, simple past and past participle demorified)

demorifies (present singular third-person)
demorifying (participle present)
demorified (participle past)
demorified (past)

If the moraic trochee is maintained, it is necessary to say that refooting applies once footing has demorified the lengthening coda consonants.

2011, Mirco Ghini, Asymmetries in the Phonology of Miogliola, page 134:

(phonology) To make nonmoraic; to remove a mora from something.


extraprosodicity

(phonology) The property of being extraprosodic.


extraprosodic

(phonology) Not affected, or affected only to a limited degree, by prosody.


seseante

es-adj

seseante m or f (masculine and feminine plural seseantes)

Speaking in an accent that pronounces z as /s/ and c before e or i as /s/


synkopointi

synkopointi (nominative singular)
synkopoinnit (nominative plural)
synkopointi (accusative nominative singular)
synkopoinnit (accusative nominative plural)
synkopoinnin (accusative genitive singular)
synkopoinnit (accusative genitive plural)
synkopoinnin (genitive singular)
synkopointien (genitive plural)
synkopointia (partitive singular)
synkopointeja (partitive plural)
synkopoinnissa (inessive singular)
synkopoinneissa (inessive plural)
synkopoinnista (elative singular)
synkopoinneista (elative plural)
synkopointiin (illative singular)
synkopointeihin (illative plural)
synkopoinnilla (adessive singular)
synkopoinneilla (adessive plural)
synkopoinnilta (ablative singular)
synkopoinneilta (ablative plural)
synkopoinnille (allative singular)
synkopoinneille (allative plural)
synkopointina (essive singular)
synkopointeina (essive plural)
synkopoinniksi (singular translative)
synkopoinneiksi (plural translative)
synkopoinnitta (abessive singular)
synkopoinneitta (abessive plural)
synkopoinnein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
synkopointini (nominative singular)
synkopointini (nominative plural)
synkopointini (accusative nominative singular)
synkopointini (accusative nominative plural)
synkopointini (accusative genitive singular)
synkopointini (accusative genitive plural)
synkopointini (genitive singular)
synkopointieni (genitive plural)
synkopointiani (partitive singular)
synkopointejani (partitive plural)
synkopoinnissani (inessive singular)
synkopoinneissani (inessive plural)
synkopoinnistani (elative singular)
synkopoinneistani (elative plural)
synkopointiini (illative singular)
synkopointeihini (illative plural)
synkopoinnillani (adessive singular)
synkopoinneillani (adessive plural)
synkopoinniltani (ablative singular)
synkopoinneiltani (ablative plural)
synkopoinnilleni (allative singular)
synkopoinneilleni (allative plural)
synkopointinani (essive singular)
synkopointeinani (essive plural)
synkopoinnikseni (singular translative)
synkopoinneikseni (plural translative)
synkopoinnittani (abessive singular)
synkopoinneittani (abessive plural)
synkopointeineni (comitative plural)
synkopointisi (nominative singular)
synkopointisi (nominative plural)
synkopointisi (accusative nominative singular)
synkopointisi (accusative nominative plural)
synkopointisi (accusative genitive singular)
synkopointisi (accusative genitive plural)
synkopointisi (genitive singular)
synkopointiesi (genitive plural)
synkopointiasi (partitive singular)
synkopointejasi (partitive plural)
synkopoinnissasi (inessive singular)
synkopoinneissasi (inessive plural)
synkopoinnistasi (elative singular)
synkopoinneistasi (elative plural)
synkopointiisi (illative singular)
synkopointeihisi (illative plural)
synkopoinnillasi (adessive singular)
synkopoinneillasi (adessive plural)
synkopoinniltasi (ablative singular)
synkopoinneiltasi (ablative plural)
synkopoinnillesi (allative singular)
synkopoinneillesi (allative plural)
synkopointinasi (essive singular)
synkopointeinasi (essive plural)
synkopoinniksesi (singular translative)
synkopoinneiksesi (plural translative)
synkopoinnittasi (abessive singular)
synkopoinneittasi (abessive plural)
synkopointeinesi (comitative plural)
synkopointimme (nominative singular)
synkopointimme (nominative plural)
synkopointimme (accusative nominative singular)
synkopointimme (accusative nominative plural)
synkopointimme (accusative genitive singular)
synkopointimme (accusative genitive plural)
synkopointimme (genitive singular)
synkopointiemme (genitive plural)
synkopointiamme (partitive singular)
synkopointejamme (partitive plural)
synkopoinnissamme (inessive singular)
synkopoinneissamme (inessive plural)
synkopoinnistamme (elative singular)
synkopoinneistamme (elative plural)
synkopointiimme (illative singular)
synkopointeihimme (illative plural)
synkopoinnillamme (adessive singular)
synkopoinneillamme (adessive plural)
synkopoinniltamme (ablative singular)
synkopoinneiltamme (ablative plural)
synkopoinnillemme (allative singular)
synkopoinneillemme (allative plural)
synkopointinamme (essive singular)
synkopointeinamme (essive plural)
synkopoinniksemme (singular translative)
synkopoinneiksemme (plural translative)
synkopoinnittamme (abessive singular)
synkopoinneittamme (abessive plural)
synkopointeinemme (comitative plural)
synkopointinne (nominative singular)
synkopointinne (nominative plural)
synkopointinne (accusative nominative singular)
synkopointinne (accusative nominative plural)
synkopointinne (accusative genitive singular)
synkopointinne (accusative genitive plural)
synkopointinne (genitive singular)
synkopointienne (genitive plural)
synkopointianne (partitive singular)
synkopointejanne (partitive plural)
synkopoinnissanne (inessive singular)
synkopoinneissanne (inessive plural)
synkopoinnistanne (elative singular)
synkopoinneistanne (elative plural)
synkopointiinne (illative singular)
synkopointeihinne (illative plural)
synkopoinnillanne (adessive singular)
synkopoinneillanne (adessive plural)
synkopoinniltanne (ablative singular)
synkopoinneiltanne (ablative plural)
synkopoinnillenne (allative singular)
synkopoinneillenne (allative plural)
synkopointinanne (essive singular)
synkopointeinanne (essive plural)
synkopoinniksenne (singular translative)
synkopoinneiksenne (plural translative)
synkopoinnittanne (abessive singular)
synkopoinneittanne (abessive plural)
synkopointeinenne (comitative plural)
synkopointinsa (nominative singular)
synkopointinsa (nominative plural)
synkopointinsa (accusative nominative singular)
synkopointinsa (accusative nominative plural)
synkopointinsa (accusative genitive singular)
synkopointinsa (accusative genitive plural)
synkopointinsa (genitive singular)
synkopointiensa (genitive plural)
synkopointiaan (partitive singular)
synkopointiansa (partitive singular)
synkopointejaan (partitive plural)
synkopointejansa (partitive plural)
synkopoinnissaan (inessive singular)
synkopoinnissansa (inessive singular)
synkopoinneissaan (inessive plural)
synkopoinneissansa (inessive plural)
synkopoinnistaan (elative singular)
synkopoinnistansa (elative singular)
synkopoinneistaan (elative plural)
synkopoinneistansa (elative plural)
synkopointiinsa (illative singular)
synkopointeihinsa (illative plural)
synkopoinnillaan (adessive singular)
synkopoinnillansa (adessive singular)
synkopoinneillaan (adessive plural)
synkopoinneillansa (adessive plural)
synkopoinniltaan (ablative singular)
synkopoinniltansa (ablative singular)
synkopoinneiltaan (ablative plural)
synkopoinneiltansa (ablative plural)
synkopoinnilleen (allative singular)
synkopoinnillensa (allative singular)
synkopoinneilleen (allative plural)
synkopoinneillensa (allative plural)
synkopointinaan (essive singular)
synkopointinansa (essive singular)
synkopointeinaan (essive plural)
synkopointeinansa (essive plural)
synkopoinnikseen (singular translative)
synkopoinniksensa (singular translative)
synkopoinneikseen (plural translative)
synkopoinneiksensa (plural translative)
synkopoinnittaan (abessive singular)
synkopoinnittansa (abessive singular)
synkopoinneittaan (abessive plural)
synkopoinneittansa (abessive plural)
synkopointeineen (comitative plural)
synkopointeinensa (comitative plural)

(music, phonology) syncopation (use of syncope)


yod dropping

(phonology) The elision of the sound [j] in English phonology following other consonantal sounds within the same syllable in certain contexts.