gelu

la-noun

gelū n sg (genitive gelūs); fourth declension

gelū (canonical neuter singular)
gelūs (genitive)
gelū (nominative singular)
gelūs (genitive singular)
gelū (dative singular)
gelū (accusative singular)
gelū (ablative singular)
gelū (singular vocative)
gelus (alternative)
gelum (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dzer

Romanian: ger

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)
→ Neapolitan: gelo

Neapolitan: jélo

Sicilian: jelu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù

Old Ligurian: zer

Ligurian: zêo

Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild

Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel

Venetan: geło, xeło

Gallo-Romance:

French: gel

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: gel

Occitan: gèl, gèu

Auvergnat: gial, giau

Limousin: giau

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: chelo

Asturian: xelu, xilu

Galician: xeo

Leonese: xelu, xielu

Spanish: hielo

→ Tagalog: yelo

Sardinian:

ghelu, belu, gelu

Borrowings:

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo (or perhaps from Leonese)

Portuguese: gelo (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold.


yuru

From Proto-Central New South Wales *yuruŋ.

Cloud | yuro or yurru

1873, William Ridley, Australian Languages and Traditions, The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 2

Clouds .... ... yuru

1903, R. H. Mathews, “Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales”, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 33:


градъ

head

градъ • (gradŭ) m

cu-noun

градъ • (gradŭ) m

gradŭ (romanization)
градъ (nominative singular)
града (genitive singular)
градоу (dative singular)
градъ (accusative singular)
градомъ (instrumental singular)
градѣ (locative singular)
граде (singular vocative)

Bulgarian: град (grad)

Macedonian: град (grad)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gràdъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-. Cognate with Latin grandō, Lithuanian grúodas and Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut).

(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)

11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 77:47:

(meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)


villám

villámok (plural)
villám (nominative singular)
villámok (nominative plural)
villámot (accusative singular)
villámokat (accusative plural)
villámnak (dative singular)
villámoknak (dative plural)
villámmal (instrumental singular)
villámokkal (instrumental plural)
villámért (causal-final singular)
villámokért (causal-final plural)
villámmá (singular translative)
villámokká (plural translative)
villámig (singular terminative)
villámokig (plural terminative)
villámként (essive-formal singular)
villámokként (essive-formal plural)
villámban (inessive singular)
villámokban (inessive plural)
villámon (singular superessive)
villámokon (plural superessive)
villámnál (adessive singular)
villámoknál (adessive plural)
villámba (illative singular)
villámokba (illative plural)
villámra (singular sublative)
villámokra (plural sublative)
villámhoz (allative singular)
villámokhoz (allative plural)
villámból (elative singular)
villámokból (elative plural)
villámról (delative singular)
villámokról (delative plural)
villámtól (ablative singular)
villámoktól (ablative plural)
villámé (singular)
villámoké (plural)
villáméi (singular)
villámokéi (plural)
villámom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
villámaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
villámod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
villámaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
villáma (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
villámai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
villámunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
villámaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
villámotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
villámaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
villámuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
villámaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From the same root vil(l)- as in világ + -ám.


Wetter

de-noun

Wetter n (strong, genitive Wetters, plural Wetter, diminutive Wetterchen n)

Wetters (genitive)
Wetter (plural)
Wetterchen (diminutive neuter)
Wetter (nominative singular)
Wetter (definite nominative plural)
Wetters (genitive singular)
Wetter (definite genitive plural)
Wetter (dative singular)
Wettern (dative definite plural)
Wetter (accusative singular)
Wetter (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German weter, from Old High German wetar, from Proto-Germanic *wedrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁dʰrom, from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow; wind”) + *-dʰrom (instrument noun–deriving suffix). Compare German Low German Weder, Luxembourgish Wieder, Dutch weer, English weather, Danish vejr.


időjárás

időjárások (plural)
időjárás (nominative singular)
időjárások (nominative plural)
időjárást (accusative singular)
időjárásokat (accusative plural)
időjárásnak (dative singular)
időjárásoknak (dative plural)
időjárással (instrumental singular)
időjárásokkal (instrumental plural)
időjárásért (causal-final singular)
időjárásokért (causal-final plural)
időjárássá (singular translative)
időjárásokká (plural translative)
időjárásig (singular terminative)
időjárásokig (plural terminative)
időjárásként (essive-formal singular)
időjárásokként (essive-formal plural)
időjárásban (inessive singular)
időjárásokban (inessive plural)
időjáráson (singular superessive)
időjárásokon (plural superessive)
időjárásnál (adessive singular)
időjárásoknál (adessive plural)
időjárásba (illative singular)
időjárásokba (illative plural)
időjárásra (singular sublative)
időjárásokra (plural sublative)
időjáráshoz (allative singular)
időjárásokhoz (allative plural)
időjárásból (elative singular)
időjárásokból (elative plural)
időjárásról (delative singular)
időjárásokról (delative plural)
időjárástól (ablative singular)
időjárásoktól (ablative plural)
időjárásé (singular)
időjárásoké (plural)
időjáráséi (singular)
időjárásokéi (plural)
időjárásom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
időjárásaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
időjárásod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
időjárásaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
időjárása (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
időjárásai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
időjárásunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
időjárásaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
időjárásotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
időjárásaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
időjárásuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
időjárásaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


nebbia

From Latin nebula, through a contracted Vulgar Latin form *nebla. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud”). Compare Sicilian negghia, Venetan nebia, Spanish niebla, Romanian negură and Aromanian negurã. Doublet of nebula, which was borrowed.


frosty

en-adj

frosty (comparative frostier, superlative frostiest)

frostier (comparative)
frostiest (superlative)

From Middle English frosty, forsty, from Old English forstiġ, fyrstiġ (“frosty”), from Proto-West Germanic *frostag, *frustīg, By surface analysis, frost + -y.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian froastich (“frosty”), Dutch vorstig (“frosty”), German Low German fröstig (“frosty”), German frostig (“frosty”), Swedish frostig (“frosty”). Compare also Saterland Frisian froasterch (“frosty”), German Low German frösterg (“frosty”).

The air was frosty; I could see my breath and walked quickly with my hands in my pockets.

I'd like a frosty milkshake.

During the frostiest days of the Cold War, avoiding the Soviet Bloc meant flying north around Greenland to Alaska, refueling in Anchorage, and then around the Bering Straits to reach Japan.

2022 February 26, John Walton, “How the Ukraine conflict could redraw the world air map”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2022-02-26:


frosty

English: frosty

Scots: frosty

From Old English forstiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *frostag, equivalent to frost + -y. Compare Old English fyrstiġ.

forsty (alternative)
frosti (alternative)

cold, freezing, frosty (being or experiencing cold)


hava

az-noun

hava (definite accusative havanı, plural havalar)

havanı (accusative definite)
havalar (plural)
havam (first-person nominative possessive singular)
havalarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
havan (nominative possessive second-person singular)
havaların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
havası (nominative possessive singular third-person)
havaları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
havamız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
havalarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
havanız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
havalarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
havası (nominative plural possessive third-person)
havaları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
havamı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
havalarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
havanı (accusative possessive second-person singular)
havalarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
havasını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
havalarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
havamızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
havalarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
havanızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
havalarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
havasını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
havalarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
havama (dative first-person possessive singular)
havalarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
havana (dative possessive second-person singular)
havalarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
havasına (dative possessive singular third-person)
havalarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
havamıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
havalarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
havanıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
havalarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
havasına (dative plural possessive third-person)
havalarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
havamda (first-person locative possessive singular)
havalarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
havanda (locative possessive second-person singular)
havalarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
havasında (locative possessive singular third-person)
havalarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
havamızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
havalarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
havanızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
havalarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
havasında (locative plural possessive third-person)
havalarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
havamdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
havalarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
havandan (ablative possessive second-person singular)
havalarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
havasından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
havalarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
havamızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
havalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
havanızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
havalarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
havasından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
havalarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
havamın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
havalarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
havanın (genitive possessive second-person singular)
havalarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
havasının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
havalarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
havamızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
havalarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
havanızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
havalarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
havasının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
havalarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)

həftəlik hava proqnozu

Havalar yenə soyuyur.


reng

From Middle High German rëgen, from Old High German regan, from Proto-West Germanic *regn, from Proto-Germanic *regną (“rain”). Cognate with German Regen, English rain.


fala

falowy (adjective)
fala (nominative singular)
fale (nominative plural)
fali (genitive singular)
fal (genitive plural)
fali (dative singular)
falom (dative plural)
falę (accusative singular)
fale (accusative plural)
falą (instrumental singular)
falami (instrumental plural)
fali (locative singular)
falach (locative plural)
falo (singular vocative)
fale (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: хва́ля (xválja)

→ Ukrainian: хви́ля (xvýlja)

Borrowed from German Welle. First attested in 1594. Displaced wełn.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “fala”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

wave, surge (intensification of some phenomena)

(obsolete) surge, burst, flurry (sudden onset of precipitation)


névoa

Kabuverdianu: nébua

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese nevoa, from Latin nebula, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud”). Compare Galician néboa and Spanish niebla. Doublet of nébula.


fuar

head

fuar (genitive singular masculine fuair, genitive singular feminine fuaire, plural fuara, comparative fuaire)

fuair (genitive masculine singular)
fuaire (feminine genitive singular)
fuara (plural)
fuaire (comparative)
fuar (masculine nominative singular)
fhuar (feminine nominative singular)
fuara (nominative plural)
fhuara (nominative plural)
fhuair (masculine singular vocative)
fhuar (feminine singular vocative)
fuara (plural vocative)
fhuair (genitive masculine singular)
fuaire (feminine genitive singular)
fuara (genitive plural)
fuar (genitive plural)
fuar (dative masculine singular)
fhuar (dative masculine singular)
fhuar (dative feminine singular)
fhuair (archaic dative feminine singular)
fuara (dative plural)
fhuara (dative plural)
níos fuaire (comparative)
is fuaire (superlative)
fuar
fhuar
bhfuar

From Old Irish úar, from Proto-Celtic *ougros (compare Welsh oer), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (compare Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc)). The initial f- of Modern Irish comes from a misinterpretation of uar as fhuar in lenition environments.


fuar

From Old Irish úar, from Proto-Celtic *ougros (compare Welsh oer), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (compare Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc)). The initial f- of Scottish Gaelic comes from a misinterpretation of uar as fhuar in lenition environments.

cold, chilly, bleak, frigid, sober, stingy


βροντή

grc-noun

βροντή • (brontḗ) f (genitive βροντῆς); first declension

brontḗ (romanization)
βροντῆς (genitive)
ἡ βροντή (nominative singular)
τὼ βροντᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ βρονταί (nominative plural)
τῆς βροντῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν βρονταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν βροντῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ βροντῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν βρονταῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς βρονταῖς (dative plural)
τὴν βροντήν (accusative singular)
τὼ βροντᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς βροντᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
βροντή (singular vocative)
βροντᾱ́ (dual vocative)
βρονταί (plural vocative)

Greek: βροντή (vrontí)


βροντή

vrontí (romanization)
βροντές (plural)
βροντή (nominative singular)
βροντές (nominative plural)
βροντής (genitive singular)
βροντών (genitive plural)
βροντή (accusative singular)
βροντές (accusative plural)
βροντή (singular vocative)
βροντές (plural vocative)


weder

weder (accusative nominative singular)
wedir (accusative nominative plural)
wederes (genitive singular)
wedere (genitive plural)
wedere (dative singular)
wederen (dative plural)
wedir (alternative)
wæder (alternative)
wedder (alternative)
wethyr (alternative)
wedire (alternative)
weddyr (alternative)
wedyr (alternative)
wheder (alternative)
wedur (alternative)

English: weather

Scots: weddir, wethir, wathir

From Old English weder, from Proto-Germanic *wedrą, from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰrom.


bentu

From Latin ventus (“wind”), from Proto-Italic *wentos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts, from the root *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).


yel

az-noun

yel (definite accusative yeli, plural yellər)

yeli (accusative definite)
yellər (plural)
yelim (first-person nominative possessive singular)
yellərim (first-person nominative possessive singular)
yelin (nominative possessive second-person singular)
yellərin (nominative possessive second-person singular)
yeli (nominative possessive singular third-person)
yelləri (nominative possessive singular third-person)
yelimiz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
yellərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
yeliniz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
yelləriniz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
yeli (nominative plural possessive third-person)
yelləri (nominative plural possessive third-person)
yelimi (accusative first-person possessive singular)
yellərimi (accusative first-person possessive singular)
yelini (accusative possessive second-person singular)
yellərini (accusative possessive second-person singular)
yelini (accusative possessive singular third-person)
yellərini (accusative possessive singular third-person)
yelimizi (accusative first-person plural possessive)
yellərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessive)
yelinizi (accusative plural possessive second-person)
yellərinizi (accusative plural possessive second-person)
yelini (accusative plural possessive third-person)
yellərini (accusative plural possessive third-person)
yelimə (dative first-person possessive singular)
yellərimə (dative first-person possessive singular)
yelinə (dative possessive second-person singular)
yellərinə (dative possessive second-person singular)
yelinə (dative possessive singular third-person)
yellərinə (dative possessive singular third-person)
yelimizə (dative first-person plural possessive)
yellərimizə (dative first-person plural possessive)
yelinizə (dative plural possessive second-person)
yellərinizə (dative plural possessive second-person)
yelinə (dative plural possessive third-person)
yellərinə (dative plural possessive third-person)
yelimdə (first-person locative possessive singular)
yellərimdə (first-person locative possessive singular)
yelində (locative possessive second-person singular)
yellərində (locative possessive second-person singular)
yelində (locative possessive singular third-person)
yellərində (locative possessive singular third-person)
yelimizdə (first-person locative plural possessive)
yellərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessive)
yelinizdə (locative plural possessive second-person)
yellərinizdə (locative plural possessive second-person)
yelində (locative plural possessive third-person)
yellərində (locative plural possessive third-person)
yelimdən (ablative first-person possessive singular)
yellərimdən (ablative first-person possessive singular)
yelindən (ablative possessive second-person singular)
yellərindən (ablative possessive second-person singular)
yelindən (ablative possessive singular third-person)
yellərindən (ablative possessive singular third-person)
yelimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessive)
yellərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessive)
yelinizdən (ablative plural possessive second-person)
yellərinizdən (ablative plural possessive second-person)
yelindən (ablative plural possessive third-person)
yellərindən (ablative plural possessive third-person)
yelimin (first-person genitive possessive singular)
yellərimin (first-person genitive possessive singular)
yelinin (genitive possessive second-person singular)
yellərinin (genitive possessive second-person singular)
yelinin (genitive possessive singular third-person)
yellərinin (genitive possessive singular third-person)
yelimizin (first-person genitive plural possessive)
yellərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessive)
yelinizin (genitive plural possessive second-person)
yellərinizin (genitive plural possessive second-person)
yelinin (genitive plural possessive third-person)
yellərinin (genitive plural possessive third-person)

حیدربابا، گۆن دالووی داغلاسین
اۆزۆن گۆلسۆن، بولاخلارون آغلاسین
اوشاخلارون بیر دسته گۆل باغلاسین
یئل گلنده، وئر گتیرسین بویانا
بلکه منیم یاتمیش بختیم اوْیانا

1954, Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar, “Heydar Babaya Salam”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Haydar Baba may the sun warm your back,
Make your smiles and your springs shed tears.
Your children collect a bunch of flowers,
Send it with the coming wind towards us,
Perhaps my sleeping fortune would awaken!

Heydər Baba, gün daluvı dağlasın,
Üzün gülsün, bulaqlarun ağlasın,
Uşaqlarun bir dəstə gül bağlasın,
Yel gələndə ver gətirsin bu yana,
Bəlkə mənim yatmış bəxtim oyana.

Dedilər: - Əhdini danır o ceyran;
Dedim: - Yalan olar! - Mən inanmadım.
Dedilər: - Qış gəlir, qayıt bu yoldan,
Əsdi yel, yağdı qar, mən inanmadım!

1945-, Hüseyn Arif, “Mən İnanmadım”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

They said: the beauty is breaking the sworn oath;
I said: it must be a lie! - I didn't believe.
They said: - The winter is coming, return from this path.
Rose the wind, fell the snow, I didn't believe!


yel

yel (nominative singular)
yeller (nominative plural)
yelniñ (genitive singular)
yellerniñ (genitive plural)
yelge (dative singular)
yellerge (dative plural)
yelni (accusative singular)
yellerni (accusative plural)
yelde (locative singular)
yellerde (locative plural)
yelden (ablative singular)
yellerden (ablative plural)


vihar

viharok (plural)
vihar (nominative singular)
viharok (nominative plural)
vihart (accusative singular)
viharokat (accusative plural)
viharnak (dative singular)
viharoknak (dative plural)
viharral (instrumental singular)
viharokkal (instrumental plural)
viharért (causal-final singular)
viharokért (causal-final plural)
viharrá (singular translative)
viharokká (plural translative)
viharig (singular terminative)
viharokig (plural terminative)
viharként (essive-formal singular)
viharokként (essive-formal plural)
viharban (inessive singular)
viharokban (inessive plural)
viharon (singular superessive)
viharokon (plural superessive)
viharnál (adessive singular)
viharoknál (adessive plural)
viharba (illative singular)
viharokba (illative plural)
viharra (singular sublative)
viharokra (plural sublative)
viharhoz (allative singular)
viharokhoz (allative plural)
viharból (elative singular)
viharokból (elative plural)
viharról (delative singular)
viharokról (delative plural)
vihartól (ablative singular)
viharoktól (ablative plural)
viharé (singular)
viharoké (plural)
viharéi (singular)
viharokéi (plural)
viharom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
viharaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
viharod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
viharaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
vihara (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
viharai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
viharunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
viharaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
viharotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
viharaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
viharuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
viharaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *vixъrъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian vihor.


Sturm

de-noun

Sturm m (strong, genitive Sturmes or Sturms, plural Stürme)

Sturmes (genitive)
Sturms (genitive)
Stürme (plural)
Sturm (nominative singular)
Stürme (definite nominative plural)
Sturmes (genitive singular)
Sturms (genitive singular)
Stürme (definite genitive plural)
Sturm (dative singular)
Sturme (dative singular)
Stürmen (dative definite plural)
Sturm (accusative singular)
Stürme (accusative definite plural)

→ Bulgarian: щурм (šturm)

→ Polish: szturm

→ Russian: штурм (šturm)

→ Serbo-Croatian: štȕrm

From Middle High German and Old High German sturm (“storm”). The retention of the u vowel is irregular; it was lowered to o due to a-mutation in all other West Germanic languages and even Old Norse, despite German being the one Germanic language where a-mutation most consistently occurred, especially of u to o.
Cognates
Compare Luxembourgish Stuerm, Low German Storm, Dutch storm, English storm, Danish storm, Icelandic stormur.

A strong, blustery wind; gust; gale; squall

Ein Sturm kommt auf.


ŝtormo

eo-head

ŝtormo (accusative singular ŝtormon, plural ŝtormoj, accusative plural ŝtormojn)

ŝtormon (accusative singular)
ŝtormoj (plural)
ŝtormojn (accusative plural)


szél

szelek (plural)
szél (nominative singular)
szelek (nominative plural)
szelet (accusative singular)
szeleket (accusative plural)
szélnek (dative singular)
szeleknek (dative plural)
széllel (instrumental singular)
szelekkel (instrumental plural)
szélért (causal-final singular)
szelekért (causal-final plural)
széllé (singular translative)
szelekké (plural translative)
szélig (singular terminative)
szelekig (plural terminative)
szélként (essive-formal singular)
szelekként (essive-formal plural)
szélben (inessive singular)
szelekben (inessive plural)
szélen (singular superessive)
szeleken (plural superessive)
szélnél (adessive singular)
szeleknél (adessive plural)
szélbe (illative singular)
szelekbe (illative plural)
szélre (singular sublative)
szelekre (plural sublative)
szélhez (allative singular)
szelekhez (allative plural)
szélből (elative singular)
szelekből (elative plural)
szélről (delative singular)
szelekről (delative plural)
széltől (ablative singular)
szelektől (ablative plural)
szélé (singular)
szeleké (plural)
széléi (singular)
szelekéi (plural)
szelem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
szeleim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
szeled (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
szeleid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
szele (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
szelei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
szelünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
szeleink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
szeletek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
szeleitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
szelük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
szeleik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Derived from Old Chuvash *č́el, which itself is from Bulgar *ǰel, Proto-Turkic *yẹl. Cognate with Chuvash ҫил (śil), Ottoman Turkish یل (yel) and Tatar yel (“wind”).


pluvo

pluvo (accusative singular pluvon, plural pluvoj, accusative plural pluvojn)

pluvon (accusative singular)
pluvoj (plural)
pluvojn (accusative plural)

→ Ido: pluvo


kiša

kȉša (canonical feminine)
ки̏ша (Cyrillic)
kȉša (nominative singular)
kiše (nominative plural)
kiše (genitive singular)
kȋšā (genitive plural)
kiši (dative singular)
kišama (dative plural)
kišu (accusative singular)
kiše (accusative plural)
kišo (singular vocative)
kiše (plural vocative)
kiši (locative singular)
kišama (locative plural)
kišom (instrumental singular)
kišama (instrumental plural)

Pada kiša.

Pala je prva jesenska kiša. Stari je Janko, lugar brezovački, javio da su šljuke došle. Od toga časa starac Batorić ne imađaše više mira kod kuće, i tek što se sunce opet pokazalo pa nastali oni nježno svijetli dani prve jeseni, pođosmo u lov.

1886, Ksaver Šandor Đalski, “Na Groblju”, in Pod Starimi Krovovi:

The first autumn rains had fallen. Old Janko, the Brezovica forester, announced that thewoodcocks had come. From that time on, the elder Batorić did not have any more peace in the house, and as soon as the sun came out again and those sweet light days of early autumn started up, we set out for the hunt.

U Beogradu oblačno i hladno, povremeno sa mešovitim padavinama - kišom, susnežicom i snegom.

2022, “Danas oblačno i hladno, mestimično sneg i kiša”, in Politika:

In Belgrade [the weather is] cloudy and cold, occasionally with mixed precipitation - with rain, sleet, and snow.


lietus

lietus (nominative singular)
lieti (nominative plural)
lietus (genitive singular)
lietu (genitive plural)
lietum (dative singular)
lietiem (dative plural)
lietu (accusative singular)
lietus (accusative plural)
lietu (instrumental singular)
lietiem (instrumental plural)
lietū (locative singular)
lietos (locative plural)
lietus (singular vocative)
lieti (plural vocative)

From the same stem as Latvian liet (“to pour”) and līt (“to flow, to stream, to rain”) (q.v.), made into a masculine third declension noun (with ending -us); from Proto-Balto-Slavic *l(e/o)ʔi-, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *ley- (“to flow, pour, stream; to glide, slip, be slippery”). Cognates include Lithuanian lietùs (“rain”), lytùs, líeti (“to pour”), laĩvas (“ship”), and likely the names of Latvia and Lithuania. More distantly related are Old Church Slavonic лити (liti, “to pour”) (< Proto-Slavic *lìti), Albanian lisë (“I pour”), Proto-Germanic *līþu (“cider ~ liquor”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek ἄλεισον (áleison, “wine container”), and perhaps λάταξ (látax, “drop”), Old Irish laith (“liquid; ale, liquor”) (< Proto-Celtic *lati-), Latin litus (“shore, beach”), and various descendants of Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="lv">-us</i>

cog

pavasara lietus

garie rudens lietus

spēcīgs lietus

īslaicīgs lietus

Lietus bungo pa jumtu.

Lietus līst.

Lietus līņā, smidzina.

lietus ūdens

lietus lāses

Lietus pil no jumta.

The rain(water) is dripping from the roof.

lietus mākoņi

lietus mētelis, lietusmētelis

Caur pelēcīgo lietus plīvuru parādās kravas automobilis.

Through the grayish veil of rain a truck (lit. cargo automobile) appeared.

Viņi bija lietū ieecējuši auzas.

They had begun to harrow the oats in the rain (= while it was raining).


vetar

vȅtar (canonical masculine)
ве̏тар (Cyrillic)
vȅtar (nominative singular)
vètrovi (nominative plural)
vetra (genitive singular)
vetrova (genitive plural)
vetru (dative singular)
vetrovima (dative plural)
vetar (accusative singular)
vetrove (accusative plural)
vetre (singular vocative)
vetrovi (plural vocative)
vetru (locative singular)
vetrovima (locative plural)
vetrom (instrumental singular)
vetrovima (instrumental plural)
vjȅtar (alternative)
vitar (alternative)


sneg

snẹ̑g (canonical inanimate masculine)
snẹ̑g (nominative singular)
snegȏva (dual nominative)
snegȏvi (nominative plural)
snegȃ (genitive singular)
snegóv (dual genitive)
snegóv (genitive plural)
snẹ̑gu (dative singular)
snẹ̑gi (dative singular)
snegȏvoma (dative dual)
snegȏvama (dative dual)
snegȏvom (dative plural)
snẹ̑gȏvam (dative plural)
snẹ̑g (accusative singular)
snegȏva (accusative dual)
snegȏve (accusative plural)
snẹ̑gu (locative singular)
snẹ̑gi (locative singular)
snegȏvih (dual locative)
snegȏvih (locative plural)
snẹ̑gom (instrumental singular)
snegȏvoma (dual instrumental)
snegȏvama (dual instrumental)
snegȏvi (instrumental plural)
snẹ̑g (singular vocative)
snegȏva (dual vocative)
snegȏvi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *sněgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *snáigas, from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos.


vedro

vedro (nominative singular)
vedra (nominative plural)
vedra (genitive singular)
veder (genitive plural)
vedru (dative singular)
vedrům (dative plural)
vedro (accusative singular)
vedra (accusative plural)
vedro (singular vocative)
vedra (plural vocative)
vedru (locative singular)
vedrech (locative plural)
vedrem (instrumental singular)
vedry (instrumental plural)

heat (condition or quality of being hot)


cool change

(Australia, southeast Australia) The arrival of a cold front in the afternoon or evening after a day of high summertime temperatures. The arrival of the front often produces falls in temperature in the order of 10°C to 15°C and sometimes thunderstorm activity.


veter

Dragutin Domjanić, Bogečko grobje
Mirno počivaju grobi,
jablan kak straža stoji,
veter se igra po zobi,
zbuditi grobje boji


veter

From Proto-Slavic *větrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-.


topel

sl-adj

tópəł or tọ́pəł (comparative toplȇjši, superlative nȁjtoplȇjši)

tópəł (canonical)
tọ́pəł (canonical)
toplȇjši (comparative)
nȁjtoplȇjši (superlative)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
tôpel (masculine nominative singular)
tôpli (masculine nominative singular)
tôpla (feminine nominative singular)
tôplo (neuter nominative singular)
tôplega (genitive masculine singular)
tôple (feminine genitive singular)
tôplega (genitive neuter singular)
tôplemu (dative masculine singular)
tôpli (dative feminine singular)
tôplemu (dative neuter singular)
nominativeⁱⁿᵃⁿ or (accusative masculine singular)
genitive (accusative masculine singular)
tôplo (accusative feminine singular)
tôplo (accusative neuter singular)
tôplem (locative masculine singular)
tôpli (feminine locative singular)
tôplem (locative neuter singular)
tôplim (instrumental masculine singular)
tôplo (feminine instrumental singular)
tôplim (instrumental neuter singular)
tôpla (dual masculine nominative)
tôpli (dual feminine nominative)
tôpli (dual neuter nominative)
tôplih (dual genitive masculine)
tôplih (dual feminine genitive)
tôplih (dual genitive neuter)
tôplima (dative dual masculine)
tôplima (dative dual feminine)
tôplima (dative dual neuter)
tôpla (accusative dual masculine)
tôpli (accusative dual feminine)
tôpli (accusative dual neuter)
tôplih (dual locative masculine)
tôplih (dual feminine locative)
tôplih (dual locative neuter)
tôplima (dual instrumental masculine)
tôplima (dual feminine instrumental)
tôplima (dual instrumental neuter)
tôpli (masculine nominative plural)
tôple (feminine nominative plural)
tôpla (neuter nominative plural)
tôplih (genitive masculine plural)
tôplih (feminine genitive plural)
tôplih (genitive neuter plural)
tôplim (dative masculine plural)
tôplim (dative feminine plural)
tôplim (dative neuter plural)
tôple (accusative masculine plural)
tôple (accusative feminine plural)
tôpla (accusative neuter plural)
tôplih (locative masculine plural)
tôplih (feminine locative plural)
tôplih (locative neuter plural)
tôplimi (instrumental masculine plural)
tôplimi (feminine instrumental plural)
tôplimi (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-Slavic *toplъ, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“warm”).


mlha

mlhový (adjective relational)
mlha (nominative singular)
mlhy (nominative plural)
mlhy (genitive singular)
mlh (genitive plural)
mlze (dative singular)
mlhám (dative plural)
mlhu (accusative singular)
mlhy (accusative plural)
mlho (singular vocative)
mlhy (plural vocative)
mlze (locative singular)
mlhách (locative plural)
mlhou (instrumental singular)
mlhami (instrumental plural)
mha (alternative)
mhla (alternative)

Inherited from Old Czech mlha, mhla, from Proto-Slavic *mьgla, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃migʰleh₂ (“mist, cloud”).


sneh

sk-noun

sneh m inan (relational adjective snehový or snežný, diminutive sniežik)

snehový (adjective relational)
snežný (adjective relational)
sniežik (diminutive)
nominative
sneh (singular)
genitive
snehu (singular)
dative
accusative
locative
instrumental
snehom (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sněgъ, Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos.


vjetar

vjȅtar (canonical masculine)
вје̏тар (Cyrillic)
vjȅtar (nominative singular)
vjȅtrovi (nominative plural)
vjȅtri (nominative plural)
vjȅtra (genitive singular)
vjȅtrōvā (genitive plural)
vjȅtārā (genitive plural)
vjȅtru (dative singular)
vjȅtrovima (dative plural)
vjȅtrima (dative plural)
vjȅtar (accusative singular)
vjȅtrove (accusative plural)
vjȅtre (accusative plural)
vjȅtre (singular vocative)
vjȅtrovi (plural vocative)
vjȅtri (plural vocative)
vjȅtru (locative singular)
vjètru (locative singular)
vjȅtrovima (locative plural)
vjȅtrima (locative plural)
vjȅtrom (instrumental singular)
vjȅtrovima (instrumental plural)
vjȅtrima (instrumental plural)
vȅtar (alternative)
vitar (alternative)

Riječi sve sam bacio u vjetar.


ветар

vetar (romanization)
ветар (indefinite singular)
ветрови (indefinite plural)
ветрот (definite singular unspecified)
ветровите (definite plural unspecified)
ветров (definite proximal singular)
ветровиве (definite plural proximal)
ветрон (definite distal singular)
ветровине (definite distal plural)
ветру (singular vocative)
ветрови (plural vocative)
ветара (count-form plural)


ветар

ве̏тар (canonical masculine)
vȅtar (romanization)
ве̏тар (nominative singular)
вѐтрови (nominative plural)
ветра (genitive singular)
ветрова (genitive plural)
ветру (dative singular)
ветровима (dative plural)
ветар (accusative singular)
ветрове (accusative plural)
ветре (singular vocative)
ветрови (plural vocative)
ветру (locative singular)
ветровима (locative plural)
ветром (instrumental singular)
ветровима (instrumental plural)
вје̏тар (alternative)
vitar (alternative)


eye of the storm

A region of calm weather right in the middle of a storm.


horký

cs-adj

horký (comparative horčejší, superlative nejhorčejší, adverb horce or horko)

horčejší (comparative)
nejhorčejší (superlative)
horce (adverb)
horko (adverb)
horký (masculine nominative singular)
horká (feminine nominative singular)
horké (neuter nominative singular)
horkého (genitive masculine singular)
horké (feminine genitive singular)
horkého (genitive neuter singular)
horkému (dative masculine singular)
horké (dative feminine singular)
horkému (dative neuter singular)
horkého (accusative animate masculine singular)
horký (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
horkou (accusative feminine singular)
horké (accusative neuter singular)
horkém (locative masculine singular)
horké (feminine locative singular)
horkém (locative neuter singular)
horkým (instrumental masculine singular)
horkou (feminine instrumental singular)
horkým (instrumental neuter singular)
horcí (animate masculine nominative plural)
horké (feminine nominative)
horké (inanimate nominative)
horká (neuter nominative plural)
horkých (genitive plural)
horkým (dative plural)
horké (accusative feminine plural)
horká (accusative neuter plural)
horkých (locative plural)
horkými (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gorьkъ. Doublet of hořký.


ciepły

pl-adj

ciepły (comparative cieplejszy, superlative najcieplejszy, derived adverb ciepło)

cieplejszy (comparative)
najcieplejszy (superlative)
ciepły (masculine nominative singular)
ciepła (feminine nominative singular)
ciepłe (neuter nominative singular)
ciepli (nominative plural virile)
ciepłe (nominative plural)
ciepłego (genitive masculine singular)
ciepłej (feminine genitive singular)
ciepłego (genitive neuter singular)
ciepłych (genitive plural)
ciepłych (genitive plural virile)
ciepłemu (dative masculine singular)
ciepłej (dative feminine singular)
ciepłemu (dative neuter singular)
ciepłym (dative plural)
ciepłym (dative plural virile)
ciepłego (accusative animate masculine singular)
ciepły (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
ciepłą (accusative feminine singular)
ciepłe (accusative neuter singular)
ciepłych (accusative plural virile)
ciepłe (accusative plural)
ciepłym (instrumental masculine singular)
ciepłą (feminine instrumental singular)
ciepłym (instrumental neuter singular)
ciepłymi (instrumental plural)
ciepłymi (instrumental plural virile)
ciepłym (locative masculine singular)
ciepłej (feminine locative singular)
ciepłym (locative neuter singular)
ciepłych (locative plural)
ciepłych (locative plural virile)


hulu

From Pre-Chamorro *θələx, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dələk.


hujan

ms-noun

hujan (Jawi spelling هوجن, plural hujan-hujan, informal 1st possessive hujanku, 2nd possessive hujanmu, 3rd possessive hujannya)

هوجن (Jawi)
hujan-hujan (plural)
hujanku (first-person informal possessive)
hujanmu (possessive second-person)
hujannya (possessive third-person)
ujan (alternative)

Indonesian: hujan

North Moluccan Malay: ujang

From Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


differential thermal analysis

en-noun

differential thermal analysis (uncountable)

(analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry) The branch of materials science that studies the temperature dependant properties of materials compared with some reference material.

analytical chemistry; materials science; analytical chemistry; materials science


differential thermal analysis

differential thermal analysis (plural differential thermal analyses)

differential thermal analyses (plural)
DTA (alternative)

(analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry) The application of a thermoanalytic technique involving recording any temperature difference between sample and reference materials that are undergoing identical thermal cycles.


kilat

From Malay kilat (“lightning”), from Proto-Malayic *kilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


kilat

ms-noun

kilat (Jawi spelling کيلت, plural kilat-kilat, informal 1st possessive kilatku, 2nd possessive kilatmu, 3rd possessive kilatnya)

کيلت (Jawi)
kilat-kilat (plural)
kilatku (first-person informal possessive)
kilatmu (possessive second-person)
kilatnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


fulmo

eo-head

fulmo (accusative singular fulmon, plural fulmoj, accusative plural fulmojn)

fulmon (accusative singular)
fulmoj (plural)
fulmojn (accusative plural)


timog

From Proto-Philippine *timuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ and Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


туман

be-noun

тума́н • (tumán) m inan (genitive тума́на, nominative plural тума́ны, genitive plural тума́наў)

тума́н (canonical)
tumán (romanization)
тума́на (genitive)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́наў (genitive plural)
тума́н (nominative singular)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́на (genitive singular)
тума́наў (genitive plural)
тума́ну (dative singular)
тума́нам (dative plural)
тума́н (accusative singular)
тума́ны (accusative plural)
тума́нам (instrumental singular)
тума́намі (instrumental plural)
тума́не (locative singular)
тума́нах (locative plural)
тума́ны (count-form plural)

From a Turkic source. Cognates include Russian тума́н (tumán), see there for more.


туман

ru-noun+

тума́н • (tumán) m inan (genitive тума́на, nominative plural тума́ны, genitive plural тума́нов, relational adjective тума́нный)

тума́н (canonical)
tumán (romanization)
тума́на (genitive)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́нов (genitive plural)
тума́нный (adjective relational)
тума́н (nominative singular)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́на (genitive singular)
тума́нов (genitive plural)
тума́ну (dative singular)
тума́нам (dative plural)
тума́н (accusative singular)
тума́ны (accusative plural)
тума́ном (instrumental singular)
тума́нами (instrumental plural)
тума́не (prepositional singular)
тума́нах (plural prepositional)
тума́ну (partitive singular)
тума́нъ (alternative)

Attested since the 17th century.
Borrowed from a Turkic source. Ultimately, from Proto-Turkic *tuman (“mist, fog”), or from Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬥𐬨𐬀𐬥 (dunman, “fog, mist”), 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬄𐬥𐬨𐬀𐬥 (duuąnman, “cloud”), from Proto-Iranian *dʰuHmás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás.
Compare Turkish duman, Kazakh тұман (tūman), Tatar томан (toman), Persian دود (dud): دودمان (dudmân, “smoke, soot”).

быть как в тума́не

напусти́ть тума́ну


туман

uk-noun

тума́н<genu>

тума́н • (tumán) m inan (genitive тума́ну, nominative plural тума́ни, genitive plural тума́нів, relational adjective тума́нний)

тума́н (canonical)
tumán (romanization)
тума́ну (genitive)
тума́ни (nominative plural)
тума́нів (genitive plural)
тума́нний (adjective relational)
тума́н (nominative singular)
тума́ни (nominative plural)
тума́ну (genitive singular)
тума́нів (genitive plural)
тума́нові (dative singular)
тума́ну (dative singular)
тума́нам (dative plural)
тума́н (accusative singular)
тума́ни (accusative plural)
тума́ном (instrumental singular)
тума́нами (instrumental plural)
тума́ні (locative singular)
тума́нах (locative plural)
тума́не (singular vocative)
тума́ни (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

тума́н<genu>

From a Turkic source. Cognates include тума́н (tumán), see there for more.


elur

elur (absolutive indefinite)
elurra (absolutive indefinite singular)
elurrak (absolutive indefinite plural)
elurrek (ergative indefinite)
elurrak (ergative indefinite singular)
elurrek (ergative indefinite plural)
elurri (dative indefinite)
elurrari (dative indefinite singular)
elurrei (dative indefinite plural)
elurren (genitive indefinite)
elurraren (genitive indefinite singular)
elurren (genitive indefinite plural)
elurrekin (comitative indefinite)
elurrarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
elurrekin (comitative indefinite plural)
elurrengatik (causative indefinite)
elurrarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
elurrengatik (causative indefinite plural)
elurrentzat (benefactive indefinite)
elurrarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
elurrentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
elurrez (indefinite instrumental)
elurraz (indefinite instrumental singular)
elurrez (indefinite instrumental plural)
elurretan (indefinite inessive)
elurrean (indefinite inessive singular)
elurretan (indefinite inessive plural)
elurretako (indefinite locative)
elurreko (indefinite locative singular)
elurretako (indefinite locative plural)
elurretara (allative indefinite)
elurrera (allative indefinite singular)
elurretara (allative indefinite plural)
elurretaraino (indefinite terminative)
elurreraino (indefinite singular terminative)
elurretaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
elurretarantz (directive indefinite)
elurrerantz (directive indefinite singular)
elurretarantz (directive indefinite plural)
elurretarako (destinative indefinite)
elurrerako (destinative indefinite singular)
elurretarako (destinative indefinite plural)
elurretatik (ablative indefinite)
elurretik (ablative indefinite singular)
elurretatik (ablative indefinite plural)
elurrik (indefinite partitive)
elurtzat (indefinite prolative)
edur (alternative)
elhur (alternative)
erur (alternative)


Wolke

de-noun

Wolke f (genitive Wolke, plural Wolken, diminutive Wölkchen n or Wölklein n)

Wolke (genitive)
Wolken (plural)
Wölkchen (diminutive neuter)
Wölklein (diminutive neuter)
Wolke (nominative singular)
Wolken (definite nominative plural)
Wolke (genitive singular)
Wolken (definite genitive plural)
Wolke (dative singular)
Wolken (dative definite plural)
Wolke (accusative singular)
Wolken (accusative definite plural)
Wolcke (alternative)

From Middle High German wolken, from Old High German wolkan, from Proto-West Germanic *wolkn.
Akin to Dutch wolk, English welkin, Proto-Slavic *volga, Albanian ulmej (“to wet, dampen”).

Interstellare Staubwolken sind häufig die Kinderstuben neuer Sterne.

Interstellar nebulae are often the cradles for new stars.

nebula, enormous masses of interstellar dust and hydrogen in outerspace (may also be Nebel in this sense)


advection fog

en-noun

advection fog (countable and uncountable, plural advection fogs)

(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.


active front

(physics, meteorology) The boundary between two different air masses, or a portion thereof, which produces appreciable cloudiness and precipitation and is usually accompanied by significant shifts in wind direction.


air drainage

(physics, meteorology) The gravity-induced downslope flow of relatively cold air. Winds thus produced are called gravity winds.


airmass

airmasses (plural)
air mass (alternative)

airmass source region
airmass source region

(physics, meteorology) a widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as: (a) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the Earth's surface (airmass source region) and (b) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. An air mass is often defined as a widespread body of air that is approximately homogeneous in its horizontal extent, particularly with reference to temperature and moisture distribution; in addition, the vertical temperature and moisture variations are approximately the same over its horizontal extent.

气团

a body of air with uniform characteristics


air parcel

(physics, meteorology) An imaginary body of air to which may be assigned any or all of the basic dynamic and thermodynamic properties of atmospheric air. A parcel is large enough to contain a very great number of molecules, but small enough so that the properties assigned to it are approximately uniform within it and so that its motions with respect to the surrounding atmosphere do not induce marked compensatory movements. It cannot be given precise numerical definition, but a cubic foot of air might fit well into most contexts where air parcels are discussed, particularly those related to static stability.

hau takiwā

a small imaginary body of air within an airmass but with slightly different characteristics to that of the surrounding air


arctic front

Arctic front (alternative)
Arctic Front (alternative)

(physics, meteorology) The semipermanent, semicontinuous front between the deep, cold arctic air and the shallower, basically less cold polar air of northern latitudes; generally comparable to the antarctic front of the southern hemisphere.

frente ártica

southern boundary of the Arctic air mass


chinook

Borrowed from Lower Chehalis c̓inúk (“the name of a Chinook village on the Columbia River”).

bor+

(Canada, US, physics, meteorology) The descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains that generally blows from the southwest and can rapidly increase the temperature due to the much warmer air it brings.

chinook-tuuli

the descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha#Translingual

The chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).


grésiller

grésiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
grésillant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
grésillé (participle past)
grésille (first-person indicative present singular)
grésilles (indicative present second-person singular)
grésille (indicative present singular third-person)
grésillons (first-person indicative plural present)
grésillez (indicative plural present second-person)
grésillent (indicative plural present third-person)
grésillais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
grésillais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
grésillait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
grésillions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
grésilliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
grésillaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
grésillai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
grésillas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
grésilla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
grésillâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
grésillâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
grésillèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
grésillerai (first-person future indicative singular)
grésilleras (future indicative second-person singular)
grésillera (future indicative singular third-person)
grésillerons (first-person future indicative plural)
grésillerez (future indicative plural second-person)
grésilleront (future indicative plural third-person)
grésillerais (conditional first-person singular)
grésillerais (conditional second-person singular)
grésillerait (conditional singular third-person)
grésillerions (conditional first-person plural)
grésilleriez (conditional plural second-person)
grésilleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
grésille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
grésilles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
grésille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
grésillions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
grésilliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
grésillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
grésillasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
grésillasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
grésillât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
grésillassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
grésillassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
grésillassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
grésille (imperative second-person singular)
grésillons (first-person imperative plural)
grésillez (imperative plural second-person)

(intransitive, impersonal, weather) to sleet


guruh

From Malay guruh, from kuruh, from Proto-Malayic *kuruh (compare Malay guruh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀuq (compare Chamorro hulu, Fijian kuru).


guruh

From kuruh, from Proto-Malayic *kuruh (compare Indonesian guruh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀuq (compare Chamorro hulu, Fijian kuru).


uca

From Proto-Central Pacific *quca, from Proto-Oceanic *qusan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


köd

ködök (plural)
köd (nominative singular)
ködök (nominative plural)
ködöt (accusative singular)
ködöket (accusative plural)
ködnek (dative singular)
ködöknek (dative plural)
köddel (instrumental singular)
ködökkel (instrumental plural)
ködért (causal-final singular)
ködökért (causal-final plural)
köddé (singular translative)
ködökké (plural translative)
ködig (singular terminative)
ködökig (plural terminative)
ködként (essive-formal singular)
ködökként (essive-formal plural)
ködben (inessive singular)
ködökben (inessive plural)
ködön (singular superessive)
ködökön (plural superessive)
ködnél (adessive singular)
ködöknél (adessive plural)
ködbe (illative singular)
ködökbe (illative plural)
ködre (singular sublative)
ködökre (plural sublative)
ködhöz (allative singular)
ködökhöz (allative plural)
ködből (elative singular)
ködökből (elative plural)
ködről (delative singular)
ködökről (delative plural)
ködtől (ablative singular)
ködöktől (ablative plural)
ködé (singular)
ködöké (plural)
ködéi (singular)
ködökéi (plural)
ködöm (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
ködeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
ködöd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
ködeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
köde (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
ködei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
ködünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
ködeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
ködötök (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
ködeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
ködük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
ködeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


ceață

cețuri (plural)
ceață (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
ceața (accusative definite nominative singular)
cețuri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
cețurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
ceți (indefinite singular)
ceții (definite singular)
cețuri (indefinite singular)
cețurilor (definite plural)
ceață (singular vocative)
ceațo (singular vocative)
cețurilor (vocative)

Inherited from Late Latin caecia, from classical Latin caecus, from Proto-Italic *kaikos (“blind”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”). Compare Lombard scega (“fog”), scighera (“fog”).


fulgurous

/ˈfʊl.ɡɪə.ɹəs/


vihor

vȉhor (canonical masculine)
ви̏хор (Cyrillic)
vihor (nominative singular)
vihori (nominative plural)
vihora (genitive singular)
vihora (genitive plural)
vihoru (dative singular)
vihorima (dative plural)
vihor (accusative singular)
vihore (accusative plural)
vihore (singular vocative)
vihori (plural vocative)
vihoru (locative singular)
vihorima (locative plural)
vihorom (instrumental singular)
vihorima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vixъrъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wéiˀšuras, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y-.


vifor

vifore (plural)
vifor (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
viforul (accusative definite nominative singular)
vifore (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
viforele (accusative definite nominative plural)
vifor (indefinite singular)
viforului (definite singular)
vifore (indefinite singular)
viforelor (definite plural)
viforule (singular vocative)
viforelor (vocative)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic вихъръ (vixŭrŭ, “windstorm”), from Proto-Slavic *vixъrъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian vihor.


vreme

vremuri (plural)
vremi (plural)
vreme (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vremea (accusative definite nominative singular)
vremuri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vremurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
vremi (indefinite singular)
vremii (definite singular)
vremuri (indefinite singular)
vremurilor (definite plural)
vreme (singular vocative)
vremeo (singular vocative)
vremurilor (vocative)
vreme (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vremea (accusative definite nominative singular)
vremi (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vremile (accusative definite nominative plural)
vremi (indefinite singular)
vremii (definite singular)
vremilor (definite plural)
vreme (singular vocative)
vremeo (singular vocative)
vremilor (vocative)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врѣмѧ (vrěmę), from Proto-Slavic *vermę. Compare Megleno-Romanian vreami, Bulgarian време (vreme), Serbo-Croatian vreme, Russian время (vremja).


vreme

vréme (canonical neuter)
вре́ме (Cyrillic)
vréme (nominative singular)
vremèna (nominative plural)
vrèmena (genitive singular)
vreménā (genitive plural)
vrèmenu (dative singular)
vremènima (dative plural)
vréme (accusative singular)
vremèna (accusative plural)
vréme (singular vocative)
vremèna (plural vocative)
vrèmenu (locative singular)
vremènima (locative plural)
vrèmenom (instrumental singular)
vremènima (instrumental plural)
vrijéme (alternative)
vrime (alternative)

From earlier *vrěmę, from Proto-Slavic *vermę.

izvješće o vremenu


vreme

vréme (canonical neuter)
vreme (nominative singular)
vremeni (dual nominative)
vremena (nominative plural)
vreme (accusative singular)
vremeni (accusative dual)
vremena (accusative plural)
vremena (genitive singular)
vremen (dual genitive)
vremen (genitive plural)
vremenu (dative singular)
vremenoma (dative dual)
vremenom (dative plural)
vremenu (locative singular)
vremenih (dual locative)
vremenih (locative plural)
vremenom (instrumental singular)
vremenoma (dual instrumental)
vremeni (instrumental plural)

Declension of vreme (neuter, n-stem)


hot as hell

(simile, colloquial) Extremely hot (all senses)


bombogenesis

Blend of bomb + cyclogenesis; From exploding like a bomb onto the scene, in the generation of a storm; can be broken down as bomb + -o- + -genesis

Bombogenesis: A colloquial term for sudden, extremely rapid almost explosive intensification of low pressure systems just off the Atlantic Coast of the United States.

2000 February 15, “Weather word”, in Chicago Tribune, page 10:

The storm intensified from 990 mb to 956 mb in just 12 hours Sunday morning, a drop of 35 mb. Another case, like “Nemo”, of bombogenesis.

2013, Christopher Burt, “Another Big Storm but with a (Relatively) Small Punch”, in WunderBlog:

Experts say the storm will undergo bombogenesis, meaning that colder air is expected to mix with warmer sea air, leading to a swift drop in atmospheric pressure. The process leads to a so-called bomb cyclone.

2022 January 29, “US East Coast blanketed by 'bombogenesis' snowstorm”, in BBC News:

As the area where the two air masses meet, called the Arctic front, moves northward and eastward, conditions for bombogenesis should continue moving as well, Mr. Moore said.

2022 December 23, Henry Fountain, “What Is a ‘Bomb Cyclone’?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(meteorology) Rapid or extreme cyclogenesis, often characterized by a barometric pressure drop of 24 millibars in a 24 hour period.


piss-warm

en-adj

piss-warm (comparative more piss-warm, superlative most piss-warm)

more piss-warm (comparative)
most piss-warm (superlative)

Derived from the fact the urine (colloquially referred to as "piss") is generally warm from carrying human body heat.


brennen

enm-verb

brennen (third-person singular simple present brenneth, present participle brennynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative brente, past participle brent)

brenneth (present singular third-person)
brennynge (participle present)
brente (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
brent (participle past)
brennen (infinitive)
to brennen (infinitive)
brenne (infinitive)
brenne (first-person present singular)
brenned (first-person past singular)
brente (first-person past singular)
brennest (present second-person singular)
brennedest (past second-person singular)
brentest (past second-person singular)
brenneth (present singular third-person)
brenned (past singular third-person)
brente (past singular third-person)
brenne (present singular subjunctive)
brenned (past singular subjunctive)
brente (past singular subjunctive)
brenne (imperative present singular)
brennen (plural present)
brenne (plural present)
brenneden (past plural)
brennede (past plural)
brenten (past plural)
brente (past plural)
brenneth (imperative plural present)
brenne (imperative plural present)
brennynge (participle present)
brennende (participle present)
brenned (participle past)
brent (participle past)
ybrenned (participle past)
ybrent (participle past)
bren (alternative)
brenne (alternative)
brin (alternative)
brine (alternative)
brynne (alternative)
berne (alternative)
bernen (alternative)
birne (alternative)
byrne (alternative)
bearne (alternative)
beornen (alternative)
bærnen (alternative)
bærnenn (alternative)
brennenn (alternative)

English: burn

Scots: bern, brenn, bren, brend

Originally three distinct verbs:
* Old English biernan, from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”).
* Old English bærnan, from Proto-West Germanic *brannijan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną (“to cause to burn”).
* Old Norse brenna, cognate with bærnan; forms derived from this source are usual after early Middle English.

inh

(intransitive) To resemble or behave like fire:

To resemble or behave like fire:
To be hot or burning.


台風

Ultimately from Chinese 大風 /大风 (dàfēng), but precisely how it entered Japanese is unclear. For more, see typhoon.
台 is a daiyōji replacing 颱.


teens · twenties · thirties · forties · fifties · sixties · seventies · eighties · nineties

Gay Nineties · Naughty Nineties · Roaring Twenties · Dirty Thirties · Swinging Sixties

The temperatures today are ranging from the low to high 90s.


Tens, written as a number but in plural form.


salama

salama (nominative singular)
salamat (nominative plural)
salama (accusative nominative singular)
salamat (accusative nominative plural)
salaman (accusative genitive singular)
salamat (accusative genitive plural)
salaman (genitive singular)
salamoiden (genitive plural)
salamoitten (genitive plural)
salamain (genitive plural rare)
salamaa (partitive singular)
salamoita (partitive plural)
salamassa (inessive singular)
salamoissa (inessive plural)
salamasta (elative singular)
salamoista (elative plural)
salamaan (illative singular)
salamoihin (illative plural)
salamalla (adessive singular)
salamoilla (adessive plural)
salamalta (ablative singular)
salamoilta (ablative plural)
salamalle (allative singular)
salamoille (allative plural)
salamana (essive singular)
salamoina (essive plural)
salamaksi (singular translative)
salamoiksi (plural translative)
salamatta (abessive singular)
salamoitta (abessive plural)
salamoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
salamani (nominative singular)
salamani (nominative plural)
salamani (accusative nominative singular)
salamani (accusative nominative plural)
salamani (accusative genitive singular)
salamani (accusative genitive plural)
salamani (genitive singular)
salamoideni (genitive plural)
salamoitteni (genitive plural)
salamaini (genitive plural rare)
salamaani (partitive singular)
salamoitani (partitive plural)
salamassani (inessive singular)
salamoissani (inessive plural)
salamastani (elative singular)
salamoistani (elative plural)
salamaani (illative singular)
salamoihini (illative plural)
salamallani (adessive singular)
salamoillani (adessive plural)
salamaltani (ablative singular)
salamoiltani (ablative plural)
salamalleni (allative singular)
salamoilleni (allative plural)
salamanani (essive singular)
salamoinani (essive plural)
salamakseni (singular translative)
salamoikseni (plural translative)
salamattani (abessive singular)
salamoittani (abessive plural)
salamoineni (comitative plural)
salamasi (nominative singular)
salamasi (nominative plural)
salamasi (accusative nominative singular)
salamasi (accusative nominative plural)
salamasi (accusative genitive singular)
salamasi (accusative genitive plural)
salamasi (genitive singular)
salamoidesi (genitive plural)
salamoittesi (genitive plural)
salamaisi (genitive plural rare)
salamaasi (partitive singular)
salamoitasi (partitive plural)
salamassasi (inessive singular)
salamoissasi (inessive plural)
salamastasi (elative singular)
salamoistasi (elative plural)
salamaasi (illative singular)
salamoihisi (illative plural)
salamallasi (adessive singular)
salamoillasi (adessive plural)
salamaltasi (ablative singular)
salamoiltasi (ablative plural)
salamallesi (allative singular)
salamoillesi (allative plural)
salamanasi (essive singular)
salamoinasi (essive plural)
salamaksesi (singular translative)
salamoiksesi (plural translative)
salamattasi (abessive singular)
salamoittasi (abessive plural)
salamoinesi (comitative plural)
salamamme (nominative singular)
salamamme (nominative plural)
salamamme (accusative nominative singular)
salamamme (accusative nominative plural)
salamamme (accusative genitive singular)
salamamme (accusative genitive plural)
salamamme (genitive singular)
salamoidemme (genitive plural)
salamoittemme (genitive plural)
salamaimme (genitive plural rare)
salamaamme (partitive singular)
salamoitamme (partitive plural)
salamassamme (inessive singular)
salamoissamme (inessive plural)
salamastamme (elative singular)
salamoistamme (elative plural)
salamaamme (illative singular)
salamoihimme (illative plural)
salamallamme (adessive singular)
salamoillamme (adessive plural)
salamaltamme (ablative singular)
salamoiltamme (ablative plural)
salamallemme (allative singular)
salamoillemme (allative plural)
salamanamme (essive singular)
salamoinamme (essive plural)
salamaksemme (singular translative)
salamoiksemme (plural translative)
salamattamme (abessive singular)
salamoittamme (abessive plural)
salamoinemme (comitative plural)
salamanne (nominative singular)
salamanne (nominative plural)
salamanne (accusative nominative singular)
salamanne (accusative nominative plural)
salamanne (accusative genitive singular)
salamanne (accusative genitive plural)
salamanne (genitive singular)
salamoidenne (genitive plural)
salamoittenne (genitive plural)
salamainne (genitive plural rare)
salamaanne (partitive singular)
salamoitanne (partitive plural)
salamassanne (inessive singular)
salamoissanne (inessive plural)
salamastanne (elative singular)
salamoistanne (elative plural)
salamaanne (illative singular)
salamoihinne (illative plural)
salamallanne (adessive singular)
salamoillanne (adessive plural)
salamaltanne (ablative singular)
salamoiltanne (ablative plural)
salamallenne (allative singular)
salamoillenne (allative plural)
salamananne (essive singular)
salamoinanne (essive plural)
salamaksenne (singular translative)
salamoiksenne (plural translative)
salamattanne (abessive singular)
salamoittanne (abessive plural)
salamoinenne (comitative plural)
salamansa (nominative singular)
salamansa (nominative plural)
salamansa (accusative nominative singular)
salamansa (accusative nominative plural)
salamansa (accusative genitive singular)
salamansa (accusative genitive plural)
salamansa (genitive singular)
salamoidensa (genitive plural)
salamoittensa (genitive plural)
salamainsa (genitive plural rare)
salamaansa (partitive singular)
salamoitaan (partitive plural)
salamoitansa (partitive plural)
salamassaan (inessive singular)
salamassansa (inessive singular)
salamoissaan (inessive plural)
salamoissansa (inessive plural)
salamastaan (elative singular)
salamastansa (elative singular)
salamoistaan (elative plural)
salamoistansa (elative plural)
salamaansa (illative singular)
salamoihinsa (illative plural)
salamallaan (adessive singular)
salamallansa (adessive singular)
salamoillaan (adessive plural)
salamoillansa (adessive plural)
salamaltaan (ablative singular)
salamaltansa (ablative singular)
salamoiltaan (ablative plural)
salamoiltansa (ablative plural)
salamalleen (allative singular)
salamallensa (allative singular)
salamoilleen (allative plural)
salamoillensa (allative plural)
salamanaan (essive singular)
salamanansa (essive singular)
salamoinaan (essive plural)
salamoinansa (essive plural)
salamakseen (singular translative)
salamaksensa (singular translative)
salamoikseen (plural translative)
salamoiksensa (plural translative)
salamattaan (abessive singular)
salamattansa (abessive singular)
salamoittaan (abessive plural)
salamoittansa (abessive plural)
salamoineen (comitative plural)
salamoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈs̠ɑ̝lɑ̝mɑ̝]

From Proto-Finnic *salama, from Proto-Uralic *śala. Cognates include Southern Khanty сӑт (săt) and Eastern Mansi са̄л (sāl).


ozono

From French and English ozone, German Ozon, etc.


foul wind

We lost several hours having to tack into a foul wind just off the coast.

(nautical) A wind blowing against the direction of travel.


fair wind

(nautical) A favourable wind, i.e. one blowing in the desired direction of travel for the vessel.


ice-cold

en-adj

ice-cold (comparative more ice-cold, superlative most ice-cold)

more ice-cold (comparative)
most ice-cold (superlative)
icecold (alternative)
ice cold (alternative)

From Middle English *is-cold, from Old English īsċeald; equivalent to ice + cold. Cognate with Saterland Frisian ieskoold (“ice-cold”), West Frisian iiskâld (“ice-cold”), Dutch ijskoud (“ice-cold”), Afrikaans yskoud (“ice-cold”), German Low German ieskold (“ice-cold”), German eiskalt (“ice-cold”), Yiddish אײַזקאַלט (ayzkalt, “ice-cold”), Danish iskold (“ice-cold”), Swedish iskall (“ice-cold”), Norwegian iskald (“ice-cold”), Faroese ísakaldur (“ice-cold”), Icelandic ískaldur (“ice-cold”).


colian

cōlian (canonical)
cōlian (infinitive)
cōlienne (infinitive)
cōliġe (first-person present singular)
cōlode (first-person past singular)
cōlast (present second-person singular)
cōlodest (past second-person singular)
cōlaþ (present singular third-person)
cōlode (past singular third-person)
cōliaþ (plural present)
cōlodon (past plural)
cōliġe (present singular)
cōlode (past singular)
cōliġen (plural present)
cōloden (past plural)
cōla (imperative past present singular)
cōliaþ (imperative past plural present)
cōliende (imperative present)
cōlod (imperative past)
ġecōlod (imperative past)

Middle English: colen

English: cool


wind shear

en-noun

wind shear (countable and uncountable, plural wind shears)

wind shears (plural)
windshear (alternative)

Wind shear from a microburst, as compared to wind shear resulting from a gust front, is particularly hazardous because it is a short-period event which creates very strong wind gusts with a large variation in direction over a very short distance (1/2 to 2 1/2 miles in diameter).

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.7.3 Weather Analysis”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 14:

(meteorology, weather, aviation, uncountable) Variation in wind speed or direction over a short spatial distance.

The first effect of a wind shear was detected at 34 to 42 seconds into the takeoff, at a speed of about 115 KIAS with the airplane about 3,800 feet down the runway. An average shear rate of about 2.5 knots per second resulted in an interruption in acceleration at this point with the airspeed remaining at 115 to 120 KIAS for 7 to 10 seconds.

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.3 Airplane Takeoff Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 41:

(meteorology, weather, aviation, countable) A specific instance of variation in wind speed or direction over a short spatial distance.


tropopause

From tropo- (“troposphere”) + -pause (“discontinuance”).

confix

The zone of transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere (approximately 13 kilometers). The tropopause normally occurs at an altitude of between 25,000 and 45,000 feet in polar and temperate zones. It occurs at 55,000 feet in the tropics.

tropopausa

zone of transition between troposphere and stratosphere


Coriolis force

From French Coriolis (“a surname”) + English force, after French scientist Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis.

On a rotor, Coriolis forces will appear whenever there is a radial lengthening or shortening of the blade about the rotational axis, which will be a result of blade flapping or bending.

2006, J. Gordon Leishman, Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, page 197:

These terms are generally thought of as due to Coriolis forces, and represent a coupling of the modes of vibration ω₂ and ω₃ Coriolis forces in the rotating molecule. The Coriolis force is a fictitious force which must be introduced if mechanical motion is studied in a rotating coordinate system and the rotation is otherwise overlooked.

2013, C. H. Townes, A.L. Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy, page 30:

First, we'll look at a simplified picture of how the pressure gradient and Coriolis forces affect an air parcel high above the ground.

2013, Jack Williams, The AMS Weather Book: The Ultimate Guide to America's Weather, page 56:

(physics, meteorology) A fictitious force apparently exerted on any moving body (including a parcel of air) due to the rotation of the earth, observed as a deflection of the body to the right of its direction of travel (i.e., clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere, or to the left (anticlockwise) in the Southern Hemisphere; any equivalent apparent force that deflects objects in a rotating reference frame.

Coriolis effect
Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis

Coriolisova síla

apparent force due to the rotation of the earth


dewpoint

(weather) Alternative spelling of dew point


geostrophic

en-adj

geostrophic (comparative more geostrophic, superlative most geostrophic)

more geostrophic (comparative)
most geostrophic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-, “earth-”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “a turn, bend, twist”) + -ic.

(meteorology) Relating to the balance, in the atmosphere, between the horizontal Coriolis forces and the horizontal pressure forces.


gradient wind

constant pressure surface
constant pressure surface

(meteorology) A horizontal wind velocity tangent to the contour line of a constant pressure surface (or to the isobar of a geopotential surface) at or above 2,500 feet (762 meters).


katabatic wind

(climatology) A drainage wind or a fall wind: a wind, such as the bora or Bohemian wind, which moves high density air from a higher elevation down an incline, due to the force of gravity.


micrometeorology

The portion of meteorology dealing with the observation and explanation of smallscale weather and weather forecasting for a local area up to several kilometers in diameter.


zam

From Old High German zam, from Proto-Germanic *tamaz (“tame”). Cognate with German zahm, Dutch tam, English tame, Icelandic tamur.


downdraft

downdrafts (plural)
downdraught (alternative)

(meteorology, American spelling) A strong, downward air current; an air pocket or air hole.


pressure gradient

en-noun

pressure gradient (plural pressure gradients)

The rate of decrease (gradient) of pressure in space at a fixed time. The term is sometimes used to denote simply the magnitude of the gradient of the pressure field.


radiosonde

1980, National Research Council (U.S.) Select Committee on the National Weather Service, Technological and Scientific Opportunities for Improved Weather and Hydrological Services in the Coming Decade, page 44,
The ultimate limitation of radiosonde networks is the impracticality of global deployment. […] Although, in principle, satellite soundings should be able to match radiosonde accuracies, in practice, they have errors of at least twice those of radiosondes.

Thus, the performance characteristics of radiosondes and the relative accuracy of radiosonde winds have been the subject of a great deal of scrutiny over the last few decades.

2000, Desmond T. Bailey, Meteorological Monitoring Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, pages 9–17:

Sounding balloons carry a payload, usually a radiosonde, to heights of 30 km or more.

2001, Fred V. Brock, Scott J. Richardson, Meteorological Measurement Systems, page 225:

A miniature radio carried aloft (e.g. by an uncrewed balloon, an airdrop from a crewed aircraft, or a sounding rocket) to automatically transmit measurements of the upper air such as the wind speed, pressure, temperature, and relative humidity to a receiving station on the ground.


surface boundary layer

surface boundary layer (plural surface boundary layers)

(meteorology) The portion of the atmosphere lying next to the surface of the earth and extending up to between 50 and 100 meters.


foehn

foehns (plural)
foen (alternative)
föhn (alternative)
fohn (alternative)

Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin faōnius, an alteration of Latin favōnius (“west wind”), from Favōnius (“Roman wind god”).

The foehn and the sun must have awakened the spirits of spring way up in the heights.

1971, WW Kibler, translating Gian Fontana, ‘The Mayor of Valdei’, in Bezzola (ed.), The Curly-Horned Cow, Peter Owen 1971, p. 71

The foehns of the northern Alps are world-renowned for the formation of thermal belts on the alp terraces above the deep, U-shaped, glaciated valleys. Here the foehn phenomenon was first identified and the German word for "fall" or "descent" applied to it.

1985, Paul E. Lydolph, The Climate of the Earth, Rowman & Littlefield, page 161:

A warm dry wind blowing down the north sides of the Alps, especially in Switzerland.

火燒風 /火烧风

warm dry wind blowing down the northern sides of the Alps

The foehn, I learned, was first recorded in the Alps but is found all over the world. The Santa Anas contain the occasional foehn, nicknamed “murder winds” and immortalized in Joan Didion's 1965 essay “Los Angeles Notebook"

2011, Claire Dederer, Poser: A Mother's Life in Twenty-Three Yoga Poses, Bloomsbury, page 261:

This is particularly noticeable in Foehn winds—warm winds that descend from mountainous areas down to areas of lower elevation.
Wind patterns considered Foehn include the dry southerly wind blowing through the Alps, Switzerland and across southern Germany. The Sharav or Hamsin winds blowing through the desert in the Middle East are also Foehn winds. The Sirocco winds that blow through Italy and the Mistral winds that blow through southern France are both considered Foehns.

2013, Case Adams Naturopath, Asthma Solved Naturally, Logical Books, page 111:

(meteorology) A similar katabatic wind developing on the lee side of a mountain.


wearm

wearm (masculine nominative singular)
wearm (feminine nominative singular)
wearm (neuter nominative singular)
wearmne (accusative masculine singular)
wearme (accusative feminine singular)
wearm (accusative neuter singular)
wearmes (genitive masculine singular)
wearmre (feminine genitive singular)
wearmes (genitive neuter singular)
wearmum (dative masculine singular)
wearmre (dative feminine singular)
wearmum (dative neuter singular)
wearme (instrumental masculine singular)
wearmre (feminine instrumental singular)
wearme (instrumental neuter singular)
wearme (masculine nominative plural)
wearma (feminine nominative plural)
wearme (feminine nominative plural)
wearm (neuter nominative plural)
wearme (accusative masculine plural)
wearma (accusative feminine plural)
wearme (accusative feminine plural)
wearm (accusative neuter plural)
wearmra (genitive masculine plural)
wearmra (feminine genitive plural)
wearmra (genitive neuter plural)
wearmum (dative masculine plural)
wearmum (dative feminine plural)
wearmum (dative neuter plural)
wearmum (instrumental masculine plural)
wearmum (feminine instrumental plural)
wearmum (instrumental neuter plural)
wearma (masculine nominative singular)
wearme (feminine nominative singular)
wearme (neuter nominative singular)
wearman (accusative masculine singular)
wearman (accusative feminine singular)
wearme (accusative neuter singular)
wearman (genitive masculine singular)
wearman (feminine genitive singular)
wearman (genitive neuter singular)
wearman (dative masculine singular)
wearman (dative feminine singular)
wearman (dative neuter singular)
wearman (instrumental masculine singular)
wearman (feminine instrumental singular)
wearman (instrumental neuter singular)
wearman (masculine nominative plural)
wearman (feminine nominative plural)
wearman (neuter nominative plural)
wearman (accusative masculine plural)
wearman (accusative feminine plural)
wearman (accusative neuter plural)
wearmra (genitive masculine plural)
wearmena (genitive masculine plural)
wearmra (feminine genitive plural)
wearmena (feminine genitive plural)
wearmra (genitive neuter plural)
wearmena (genitive neuter plural)
wearmum (dative masculine plural)
wearmum (dative feminine plural)
wearmum (dative neuter plural)
wearmum (instrumental masculine plural)
wearmum (feminine instrumental plural)
wearmum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: warm, warme, werm, wearm
Scots: wairm
English: warm

From Proto-West Germanic *warm.
See also Old Frisian warm (West Frisian waarm), Old Saxon warm (Low German warm), Dutch warm, Old High German warm (German warm), Old Norse varmr (Danish varm, Swedish varm); also possibly Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus.


blæst

blǣst (canonical masculine)
blǣst (nominative singular)
blǣstas (nominative plural)
blǣst (accusative singular)
blǣstas (accusative plural)
blǣstes (genitive singular)
blǣsta (genitive plural)
blǣste (dative singular)
blǣstum (dative plural)

Middle English: blast, blaste, blæst, blest
English: blast
→ Irish: bleaist
Scots: blast

From Proto-West Germanic *blāstu, from Proto-Germanic *blēstuz (“blowing, burst of wind”), from Proto-Germanic *blēsaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell, blow up”).
Cognate with Old High German blāst, Old Norse blástr, Old High German blāsan (“to blow”) (German blasen (“to blow”)), Old English blāwan (“to blow”). More at blow.


neiger

neiger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
neigeant (gerund participle present)
neigeant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
neigé (participle past)
neigé (participle past)
neige (indicative present singular third-person)
neigeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
neigeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
neigea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
neigea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
neigera (future indicative singular third-person)
neigerait (conditional singular third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
neige (present singular subjunctive third-person)
neigeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
neigeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)

Inherited from Middle French neiger, from Old French negier, from Vulgar Latin *nivicāre, a verb based on Latin nivem (“snow”, noun). Compare Italian nevicare.

Il neigeait.


heat haze

Under increase of heat, it volatilizes faster, so as to become dimly visible in large mass, as a heat-haze.

1860, John Ruskin, chapter 1, in Modern Painters […], volume V, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, part VII (Of Cloud Beauty), § 7, page 110:

Behind them, stretching in a long line east and west, were the Roan and Book Cliffs, cut to their base by the river's gorge, and meandering away in long wavy lines distorted by heat haze and the smoke of forest fires.

1954, Wallace Stegner, Beyond the Hundredth Meridian: John Wesley Powell and the Second Opening of the West, Houghton Mifflin, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 75:

Sol squinted out over the barrens to where the mountains shimmered in the heat haze.

1990, Dan Simmons, The Fall of Hyperion, 1st edition, New York: Doubleday, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 165:

A shimmering atmospheric disturbance caused by currents of warm air between the observer and the object observed.


sunna

is-noun

sunna f (genitive singular sunnu, nominative plural sunnur)

sunnu (genitive singular)
sunnur (nominative plural)
sunna (indefinite nominative singular)
sunnan (definite nominative singular)
sunnur (indefinite nominative plural)
sunnurnar (definite nominative plural)
sunnu (accusative indefinite singular)
sunnuna (accusative definite singular)
sunnur (accusative indefinite plural)
sunnurnar (accusative definite plural)
sunnu (dative indefinite singular)
sunnunni (dative definite singular)
sunnum (dative indefinite plural)
sunnunum (dative definite plural)
sunnu (genitive indefinite singular)
sunnunnar (definite genitive singular)
sunna (genitive indefinite plural)
sunnanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse sunna, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen- < *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).
Germanic cognates: Faroese sunna, English sun, West Frisian sinne, Low German Sünn, Zunne, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 (sunnō).
Indo-European cognates: Sanskrit स्वर् (svar), Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sol, Old Church Slavonic слъньцє (slŭnĭce), Russian солнце (solnce), Latvian saũle, Welsh haul.


hot wind

I feel a hot wind on my shoulder / And the touch of a world that is older

1982, Wall of Voodoo (lyrics and music), “Mexican Radio”, in Call of the West:

Any wind characterized by intense heat and low relative humidity


grêle

Deverbal of grêler; corresponds to Old French gresle. Ultimately of Frankish origin.


microclimate

The microclimate on the south side of a building may differ from the one on the north, so that different plants may thrive.

The coastal hills are home to many different microclimates.

A small, local region having a unique pattern of weather or weather effects that differ from the local climate.


frigidity

en-noun

frigidity (countable and uncountable, plural frigidities)

From Middle English frigiditee, frigidite, a borrowing from Middle French frigidité, itself a borrowing from Latin frīgiditātem, accusative of Latin frīgiditās.

The state of being frigid; coldness; lack of heat.

Coldness of feeling, manner or quality; lack of ardor, animation or vivacity.


chilliness

chilliness (usually uncountable, plural chillinesses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chilliness.wav

The state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable sensation of coldness.


frigidly

en-adv

frigidly (comparative more frigidly, superlative most frigidly)

more frigidly (comparative)
most frigidly (superlative)


frigidness

The state of being frigid; frigidity; coldness.


becalmed

en-adj

becalmed (comparative more becalmed, superlative most becalmed)

more becalmed (comparative)
most becalmed (superlative)

[…] when we got aſterne we grew becalm'd, land-lockt in a fort, and were ſported all the way […]

1638, Thomas Herbert, Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:

Although the breeze had now utterly failed, we had made a great deal of way during the night, and were now lying becalmed about half a mile to the southeast of the low eastern coast.

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

(nautical, of a sailing ship) Unable to move due to lack of wind.


gelo

eo-head

gelo (accusative singular gelon, plural geloj, accusative plural gelojn)

gelon (accusative singular)
geloj (plural)
gelojn (accusative plural)


regan

regan (nominative singular)
regana (nominative plural)
regan (accusative singular)
regana (accusative plural)
reganes (genitive singular)
regano (genitive plural)
regane (dative singular)
reganum (dative plural)
reganu (instrumental singular)
regin (alternative)

Middle High German: rëgen

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Raga

Italian Walser: regu, räge, rägä

Swabian: Räaga

Bavarian: Regn

Cimbrian: réego, regan, reng

Mòcheno: reng

Udinese: regn, rein

Central Franconian: Rään

Hunsrik: Rehn

Luxembourgish: Reen

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: reeng [ˈɣeːŋ]

Vilamovian: raan

German: Regen

desc

Rhine Franconian: Raje, Raane, Räje, Rääche, Rään, Rääne, Rääsche, Reche, Ree, Reen, Reesche, Reje, Resche, Riin

Frankfurterisch: Rääsche [ʀɛːʒ̥ə]

Pennsylvania German: Regge

Yiddish: רעגן (regn)

From Proto-West Germanic *regn, from Proto-Germanic *regną.


dry bulb temperature

en-noun

dry bulb temperature (countable and uncountable, plural dry bulb temperatures)

dry bulb temperatures (plural)
dry-bulb temperature (alternative)

Coordinate term: wet bulb temperature

(meteorology) Temperature of the free air as measured with a dry thermometer on a sling psychrometer over a grassy surface at a height of approximately 6 feet (1.8 meters).


warm front

(meteorology) The trailing edge of a retreating mass of cold air.


occluded front

(meteorology) A front that occurs when a cold front overtakes a warm front at the surface and a temperature contrast exists between the advancing and retreating cold air masses.


calme

English: calm

Borrowed from Middle French calme, from Old Italian calma, of unclear further origin.


mildur

is-adj

mildur (comparative mildari, superlative mildastur)

mildari (comparative)
mildastur (superlative)
mildur (masculine nominative strong)
mild (feminine nominative strong)
milt (neuter nominative strong)
mildan (accusative masculine strong)
milda (accusative feminine strong)
milt (accusative neuter strong)
mildum (dative masculine strong)
mildri (dative feminine strong)
mildu (dative neuter strong)
milds (genitive masculine strong)
mildrar (feminine genitive strong)
milds (genitive neuter strong)
mildir (masculine nominative strong)
mildar (feminine nominative strong)
mild (neuter nominative strong)
milda (accusative masculine strong)
mildar (accusative feminine strong)
mild (accusative neuter strong)
mildum (dative strong)
mildra (genitive strong)
mildi (masculine nominative weak)
milda (feminine nominative weak)
milda (neuter nominative weak)
milda (masculine weak)
mildu (feminine weak)
milda (neuter weak)
mildu (plural weak)
mildari (comparative masculine singular weak)
mildari (comparative feminine singular weak)
mildara (comparative neuter singular weak)
mildari (comparative plural weak)
mildastur (masculine nominative strong superlative)
mildust (feminine nominative strong superlative)
mildast (neuter nominative strong superlative)
mildastan (accusative masculine strong superlative)
mildasta (accusative feminine strong superlative)
mildast (accusative neuter strong superlative)
mildustum (dative masculine strong superlative)
mildastri (dative feminine strong superlative)
mildustu (dative neuter strong superlative)
mildasts (genitive masculine strong superlative)
mildastrar (feminine genitive strong superlative)
mildasts (genitive neuter strong superlative)
mildastir (masculine nominative strong superlative)
mildastar (feminine nominative strong superlative)
mildust (neuter nominative strong superlative)
mildasta (accusative masculine strong superlative)
mildastar (accusative feminine strong superlative)
mildust (accusative neuter strong superlative)
mildustum (dative strong superlative)
mildastra (genitive strong superlative)
mildasti (masculine nominative superlative weak)
mildasta (feminine nominative superlative weak)
mildasta (neuter nominative superlative weak)
mildasta (masculine superlative weak)
mildustu (feminine superlative weak)
mildasta (neuter superlative weak)
mildustu (plural superlative weak)

From Old Norse mildr, from Proto-Germanic *mildijaz, whence also English mild.

Síðustu dagar hafa verið mjög mildir.

Ég hitti hana einn mildan sumardag.


புயல்

puyal (romanization)
புயல் (nominative singular)
புயல்கள் (nominative plural)
புயலே (singular vocative)
புயல்களே (plural vocative)
புயலை (accusative singular)
புயல்களை (accusative plural)
புயலுக்கு (dative singular)
புயல்களுக்கு (dative plural)
புயலுக்காக (benefactive singular)
புயல்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
புயலுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
புயல்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
புயலின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
புயல்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
புயலில் (locative locative-i singular)
புயல்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
புயலிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
புயல்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
புயலோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
புயல்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
புயலுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
புயல்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
புயலால் (instrumental singular)
புயல்களால் (instrumental plural)
புயலிலிருந்து (ablative singular)
புயல்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)

From புய் (puy, “to extract, pull out, uproot”).


киша

ки̏ша (canonical feminine)
kȉša (romanization)
ки̏ша (nominative singular)
кише (nominative plural)
кише (genitive singular)
ки̑ша̄ (genitive plural)
киши (dative singular)
кишама (dative plural)
кишу (accusative singular)
кише (accusative plural)
кишо (singular vocative)
кише (plural vocative)
киши (locative singular)
кишама (locative plural)
кишом (instrumental singular)
кишама (instrumental plural)

пада киша.

Пала је прва јесенска киша. Стари је Јанко, лугар брезовачки, јавио да су шљуке дошле. Од тога часа старац Баторић не имађаше више мира код куће, и тек што се сунце опет показало па настали они њежно свијетли дани прве јесени, пођосмо у лов.

1886, Ксавер Шандор Ђалски, “На Гробљу”, in Под Старими Кровови:

Pala je prva jesenska kiša. Stari je Janko, lugar brezovački, javio da su šljuke došle. Od toga časa starac Batorić ne imađaše više mira kod kuće, i tek što se sunce opet pokazalo pa nastali oni nježno svijetli dani prve jeseni, pođosmo u lov.

У Београду облачно и хладно, повремено са мешовитим падавинама - кишом, суснежицом и снегом.

2022, “Данас облачно и хладно, местимично снег и киша”, in Политика:

U Beogradu oblačno i hladno, povremeno sa mešovitim padavinama - kišom, susnežicom i snegom.


hete

hetes (plural)
heten (plural)
heet (alternative)
heete (alternative)
heite (alternative)
hette (alternative)
hetee (alternative)
hæte (alternative)
heate (alternative)

English: heat

Scots: hete, heit

Yola: het

Inherited from Old English hǣtu, from Proto-West Germanic *haitī, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄.

The condition of being hot; a hot thing:

(physiology) Elevated bodily temperature; febrility.


thundershower

The thundershower poured down on us as we ran home, but returned to a drizzle after several minutes.

[S]ometimes, like the priests of Baal in the Bible, he would cut himself with knives till the blood fell upon the ground in great drops suggestive of an oncoming thunder-shower.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 72:

A rain shower accompanied by thunder and lightning.