einlassen

de-verb

einlassen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present lässt ein, past tense ließ ein, past participle eingelassen, auxiliary haben)

lässt ein (present singular third-person)
ließ ein (past)
eingelassen (participle past)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
einlassen (infinitive)
einlassend (participle present)
eingelassen (participle past)
einzulassen (infinitive infinitive-zu)
lasse ein (first-person indicative present singular)
lassen ein (first-person indicative plural present)
lasse ein (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lassen ein (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lässt ein (indicative present second-person singular)
lasst ein (indicative plural present second-person)
lassest ein (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lasset ein (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lässt ein (indicative present singular third-person)
lassen ein (indicative plural present third-person)
lasse ein (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
lassen ein (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
ließ ein (first-person indicative preterite singular)
ließen ein (first-person indicative plural preterite)
ließe ein (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließen ein (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließest ein (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ließt ein (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ließt ein (indicative plural preterite second-person)
ließest ein (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließt ein (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließet ein (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließt ein (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließ ein (indicative preterite singular third-person)
ließen ein (indicative plural preterite third-person)
ließe ein (singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
ließen ein (plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
lass ein (imperative second-person singular)
lasse ein (imperative second-person singular)
lasst ein (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
einlasse (first-person indicative present singular subordinate-clause)
einlassen (first-person indicative plural present subordinate-clause)
einlasse (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlassen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlässt (indicative present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
einlasst (indicative plural present second-person subordinate-clause)
einlassest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlasset (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlässt (indicative present singular subordinate-clause third-person)
einlassen (indicative plural present subordinate-clause third-person)
einlasse (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause third-person)
einlassen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause third-person)
einließ (first-person indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause)
einließen (first-person indicative plural preterite subordinate-clause)
einließe (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließest (indicative preterite second-person singular subordinate-clause)
einließt (indicative preterite second-person singular subordinate-clause)
einließt (indicative plural preterite second-person subordinate-clause)
einließest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließt (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließt (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließ (indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause third-person)
einließen (indicative plural preterite subordinate-clause third-person)
einließe (singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause third-person)
einließen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause third-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
einlassen werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde einlassen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden einlassen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
eingelassen haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

[ˈʔäe̯nˌläsn̩]

From Middle High German īnlāzen, from Old High German inlāzan. Equivalent to ein- (“in”) + lassen (“to let”).

Der Kühlschrank ist in die Küchenwand eingelassen.

The refrigerator has been recessed into the kitchen wall.

(transitive, chiefly construction) to cause to be embedded in something; to recess; to inset


sinker

(construction) A sinker nail, used for framing in current construction.


radiator

radiator (indefinite nominative singular)


backhoe

Coordinate term: front-end loader

en:component that digs, part of a piece of heavy equipment

A piece of excavating equipment, either an integral subassembly or an attachment, consisting of a digging bucket or scoop on the end of an articulated arm, drawn backwards to move earth; used in excavator/digger and backhoe tractors.

Meronym: front-end loader

The backhoe is only one type of heavy equipment for rent.[…]I heard about a couple of tool-rental outfits near Chicago that were doing a brisk business renting backhoes and other heavy equipment to homeowners

1967 June, Charles E. Rhine, “How to Rent a Backhoe”, in Popular Science, page 149:

I'll recommend a good way to calculate backhoe production rates. Then we'll look at the two backhoes you'll be using, the wheeled backhoe and the tracked backhoe.

1987, Dave Roberts, Pipe and Excavation Contracting, page 173:

2010, Robert Day, Foundation Engineering Handbook, 2nd edition, page 2.49,
Backhoe pits and trenches are an economical means of performing subsurface exploration. The backhoe can quickly excavate the trench that can then be used to observe and test the in situ soil (see Fig. 2.29).

en:tractor with digger and loader components

(chiefly US, Canada, Australia) A multi-purpose tractor with a front-mounted loading bucket and a rear-mounted digging bucket. The tractor combines a front-end loader/loader (component) and an excavator/digger (component).


nog

(carpentry) A wooden block, the size of a brick, built into a wall, as a hold for the nails of woodwork.

(carpentry) One of the square logs of wood used in a pile to support the roof of a mine.


carpentry

en-noun

carpentry (countable and uncountable, plural carpentries)

From Middle English carpentrie, from Anglo-Norman carpenterie, from Old Northern French (compare French charpenterie). See carpenter.

ácsmunka

work and objects produced by a carpenter

(uncountable) The trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures; woodworking.


prism

→ Japanese: プリズム (purizumu)

→ Korean: 프리즘 (peurijeum)

→ Thai: ปริซึม (bprí-sʉ̂m)

[ˈpʰɹ̠̊ɪzm̩]

Learned borrowing from Late Latin prisma (“(geometry) prism”), from Ancient Greek πρίσμᾰ (prísma, “anything sawn; sawdust; (Koine, geometry) prism”), from πρῐ́ζω (prízō) (a variant of πρῑ́ω (prī́ō, “to saw”), further etymology unknown) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the effect or result of an action, etc.).

prizëm

transparent block used to reflect or refract light

(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.

(construction) A cutting (“open passage at a level lower than the surrounding terrain, dug for a canal, railway, or road to go through”) or an embankment shaped like a prism (sense 1) or a number of prisms, such that its volume can be easily calculated.

leikkaus

cutting or embankment shaped like a prism or number of prisms


blister

en-noun

blister (countable and uncountable, plural blisters)

→ Polish: blister

From Middle English blister, from Old French blestre, from a Germanic source. Compare Middle Dutch blyster (“swelling”), Old Norse blastr (“a blowing”).

(roofing) An enclosed pocket of air, which may be mixed with water or solvent vapor, trapped between impermeable layers of felt or between the membrane and substrate.


fila

Probably from filo, or from Latin fila, plural of filum. Compare French file, Portuguese fila.

(masonry) row, course (a row of bricks or blocks)


saddle

→ Japanese: サドル (sadoru)

Homer Tunnel
Milford Sound
Oxford English Dictionary

From Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz (“saddle”). Further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)), though the Oxford English Dictionary says this “presents formal difficulties”.
cognates
* Danish sadel
* Dutch zadel
* German Sattel
* Icelandic söðull
* Low German Sadel
* Russian седло́ (sedló)
* Saterland Frisian Soadel
* Scots sadil
* Swedish sadel
* West Frisian seal

saal

seat for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal

satula

something resembling a saddle in appearance or shape

satula

depression located along the axial trend of an anticline

Something resembling a saddle (sense 1) in appearance or shape.

A small sloped or tapered structure that helps channel surface water to drains.


clinker

clinker (countable and uncountable, plural clinkers)

From Dutch klinkaerd, later klinker, from klinken (“to ring, resound”).

An intermediate product in the manufacture of Portland cement, obtained by sintering limestone and alumino-silicate materials such as clay into nodules in a cement kiln.


stringer

(carpentry) The side rail supporting the rungs of a ladder or the steps of a flight of stairs.


Schwalbenschwanz

de-noun

Schwalbenschwanz m (strong, genitive Schwalbenschwanzes, plural Schwalbenschwänze)

Schwalbenschwanzes (genitive)
Schwalbenschwänze (plural)
Schwalbenschwanz (nominative singular)
Schwalbenschwänze (definite nominative plural)
Schwalbenschwanzes (genitive singular)
Schwalbenschwänze (definite genitive plural)
Schwalbenschwanz (dative singular)
Schwalbenschwanze (dative singular)
Schwalbenschwänzen (dative definite plural)
Schwalbenschwanz (accusative singular)
Schwalbenschwänze (accusative definite plural)

dovetail (type of joint where adjoining boards are fastened by interlocking fan-shaped cutouts)


sleeper

Compare Norwegian sleip (“a sleeper (a timber); as adjective, slippery, smooth”). See slape.

cog

(carpentry) A structural beam in a floor running perpendicular to both the joists beneath and floorboards above.

траверса

structural timber in a floor perpendicular to the joists and floorboards

Lagerholz

structural beam at the bottom of a wall, a roof framework or a similar structure


reticulated

(masonry) Constructed with diamond-shaped stones.


corrugated iron

A special reserved enclosure with sandbags and a corrugated iron roof was set aside for three members of the Royal Family.

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:

An iron sheet building material, usually galvanised, which has been pressed into corrugations.


alabaster

(mineralogy) alabaster (fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum)


división

Attested since the 13th century (diuisoes, "divisions"). Learned borrowing from Latin dīvīsiōnem. Compare Portuguese divisão.

como por aquela terra hay pouca leña, queimaron toda à madeira das divisions, deixsàndo rasa à casa

1810, Jose Fernandez y Neira, Proezas de Galicia:

since there are little firewood on that land, they burned down the wood of the partitions, leaving the house bare

division, partition, in particular
(construction) partition

division, partition, in particular
partition


tarpaper

en-noun

tarpaper (countable and uncountable, plural tarpapers)

A heavy paper, coated with tar, used to waterproof walls and roofs.


aon

head

aon m (genitive singular aoin, nominative plural aoin)

aoin (genitive singular)
aoin (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aon (indefinite singular)
aoin (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aoin (indefinite singular)
a aona (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aoin (indefinite singular)
aon (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aon (definite singular)
na haoin (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aoin (definite singular)
na n-aon (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aon (definite singular)
don aon (definite singular)
leis na haoin (definite plural)
aon
n-aon
haon
t-aon


riser

From Middle English ryser, risere, equivalent to rise + -er.

(carpentry) A vertical part of a step on a staircase.


cutback

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cutback.wav

(roofing) Solvent-thinned bitumen used in cold process roofing adhesives, cements and coatings.


blowout

en:damage at exit side of drilled hole or sawn edge

(carpentry, woodworking) The damage done to the exit side of a drilled hole or sawn edge when no sacrificial backerboard is used during the drilling or sawing: the drill bit's or sawblade's exit on the far side causes chips of wood to be broken from the edge.


أرض

لقيت ميّتين دينار عالأرض.

I found two hundred dinars on the ground.


lata

lata m (genitive singular lata, nominative plural lataí)

lata (genitive singular)
lataí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
lata (indefinite singular)
lataí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a lata (indefinite singular)
a lataí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an lata (definite singular)
na lataí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an lata (definite singular)
don lata (definite singular)
leis na lataí (definite plural)

Probably from Vulgar Latin latta (“lath”).

(furniture, construction, agriculture) slat


hoarding

Making inquiries she came to a hoarding, within which were excavations denoting the foundations of a building; and on the boards without one or two large posters announcing that the foundation-stone of the chapel about to be erected would be laid that afternoon at three o’clock by a London preacher of great popularity among his body.

1894 December – 1895 November, Thomas Hardy, chapter VIII, in Jude the Obscure, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], published 1896, →OCLC:

A hoarding is a legal requirement for the safety of the public on a building site. There are rules about its height and construction. But of course it is also the perfect opportunity: a blank canvas on which to show a vision of the life soon to be lived behind it.

2014 September 25, Hugo Macdonald, “Could those utopian hoardings for new developments get any more nauseating?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

They’re a familiar sight to many: the eye-roll-inducing, over-the-top development hoardings and adverts that celebrate the (inevitably luxury and, to most people, unaffordable) developments soon to be added to the city skyline.

2015 October 2, Francesca Perry, “What are the most ridiculous property development adverts you've seen?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

The west side is one massive building site, although it's hard to appreciate what's going on behind all the hoardings.

2022 November 16, Paul Bigland, “From rural branches to high-speed arteries”, in RAIL, number 970, page 57:

(construction, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong, Canada) A temporary fence-like structure built around building work to add security and prevent accidents to the public.


roofer

Ivan, Kirill and Vasilisa are “roofers,” a loose-knit group of insanely non-acrophobic daredevils who scam and sneak their way to the tops of Russia’s highest buildings.

2014 May 6, Kevin O'Flynn, “High Times: Meet the Russian Kids Who Take the World's Riskiest Photos”, in RollingStone.com:

This year, as part of his annual “Troublemaker Award,” the startup mentor and entrepreneur decided to spotlight a Ukrainian stunt-climber -- or, "roofer" -- who struck a blow for his home nation by sticking it to neighboring Russia.

2014 September 10, Karsten Strauss, “Ukrainian Troublemaker Receives $10,000 Award For 'Redecorating' Moscow”, in Forbes:

“There aren’t many places in Latin America for the roofer to get on so our main aim was to climb Christ the Redeemer,” he said.

2015 December 11, “Daredevils capture breathtaking views atop Christ the Redeemer”, in New York Post:

Many people say that I don’t look like roofer, which is really good when I try to get into a building which is really good secured. I started roofing two years ago with some friends.

2016 February 26, “This Is What It's Like to Climb the 3rd-Tallest Building in Shanghai”, in Inverse:

A daredevil who performs stunts on tops of skyscrapers.

ру́фер

a daredevil who performs stunts on tops of skyscrapers


材木

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ mʊk̚²/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ mʊk̚²/


νόμος

grc-noun

νόμος • (nómos) m (genitive νόμου); second declension

nómos (romanization)
νόμου (genitive)
ὁ νόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ νόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ νόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ νόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν νόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν νόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ νόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν νόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς νόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν νόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ νόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς νόμους (accusative plural)
νόμε (singular vocative)
νόμω (dual vocative)
νόμοι (plural vocative)

Greek: νόμος (nómos)

Mariupol Greek: но́мус (nómus)

→ Aramaic: נמוסא

Classical Syriac: ܢܡܘܣܐ (nāmōsā)

Classical Mandaic: ࡍࡉࡌࡅࡎࡀ (nimusa)

→ Arabic: نَامُوس (nāmūs)

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܘܡܐ (lūmā) (see there for further descendants)

→ Coptic: ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ (nomos)

→ English: -nomy

→ Latin: nummus (through Doric)

→ English: nummus

desc

→ Sogdian: 𐫗𐫇𐫖 (nwm /nōm/, “law, canon”)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nom, “book; Buddhist scripture”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: נימוס


strut

The origin of sense 1 of the noun (“beam or rod providing support”) is unknown; it is probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *strūtōną, *strūtijaną (“to be puffed up, swell”): see further at etymology 1. The English word is cognate with Icelandic strútur (“hood jutting out like a horn”), Low German strutt (“rigid, stiff”), Norwegian strut (“nozzle, spout”), Swedish strut (“paper cornet”).
The verb is derived from sense 1 of the noun.
Sense 2 of the noun (“act of strutting”) is derived from the verb: see above.

cog

This alteration will obviate the necessity for the injudicious iron struts which are now introduced between the backs of the columns and the face of the pilasters, and which, in a practical point of view, afford little or no advantage, except against a direct shock; and even in many such cases they have failed in that object; for in such of them as have been struck, permanent alteration of the strut has taken place, which now has the effect of holding those portions of the shaft with which they are connected out of their places.

1833 August 26, R. Macdonald Stephenson, Charles J. Blunt, “Blackfriars’ Bridge Repairs”, in The Mechanics’ Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal, and Gazette, volume XX, number 551, London: M. Salmon, […], published 1 March 1834, →OCLC, page 358, column 2:

Replacing and Aligining Wing-tip Float Struts. Loosen the brace wires and stagger wires on the wing-tip float. Remove the bolts or pins from the strut fittings, both on the float and on the wing surface; then lift the strut out. Carefully replace the strut in a like manner. This is a very simple operation but care must be taken to align the strut with the one in the rear and the one opposite.

1919 July, M. E. Williams et al., “Seaplane No. 3, Seaplane No. 4 (Boat Type)”, in United States Navy Aviation Mechanics’ Training System for Plane Maintenance Force: Course Manual for Quartermasters’ (A) Course (Form MUL. 306—N. 500), New York, N.Y.: United States Navy Gas Engine School, Columbia University; Great Lakes, Ill.: United States Naval Training Station, →OCLC, part 2 (Technical Course), pages 587–588:

MacPherson struts are found attached to the front wheels of just about every front-drive car on the road and at the fronts of many rear-wheel-drive cars, as well. [...] The MacPherson strut is a single unit that contains the shock absorber and coil spring. In addition, the strut acts as the upper arm in a typical suspension.

1992 January, Don Chaikin, “Car Care: Saturday Mechanic: Replacing MacPherson Struts and Shocks”, in Joe Oldham, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 169, number 1, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 72 and 74:

(chiefly construction) A beam or rod providing support.


strut

en-verb

strut (third-person singular simple present struts, present participle strutting, simple past and past participle strutted)

struts (present singular third-person)
strutting (participle present)
strutted (participle past)
strutted (past)

Masonry flying arches strutting the retaining walls in Chorley cutting, Manchester-Blackpool line, L.M.S.R.

1939 November, “Pertinent Paragraphs”, in Railway Magazine, page 358, photo caption:

(transitive, chiefly construction, also figuratively) To brace or support (something) by a strut or struts; to hold (something) in place or strengthen by a diagonal, transverse, or upright support.

опаянтвам

to brace or support (something) by a strut or struts


scaffold

From Middle English scaffold, scaffalde, from Anglo-Norman schaffaut, eschaffaut, eschafal, eschaiphal, escadafaut (“platform to see a tournament”) (Modern French échafaud), from Old French es- (indicating movement away or separation) (from Latin ex- (“out, away”)) + chafaud, chafaut, chafault, caafau, caafaus, cadefaut (“scaffold for executing a criminal”), from Vulgar Latin *catafalcum (“viewing stage”), possibly from Ancient Greek κατα- (kata-, “back; against”) + Latin -falicum (from fala, phala (“wooden gallery or tower; siege tower”)).

der

United States Capitol
scaffold (disambiguation)

An elevated platform on which dead bodies are ritually disposed of, as by some Native American tribes.


panos

panos (nominative singular)
panokset (nominative plural)
panos (accusative nominative singular)
panokset (accusative nominative plural)
panoksen (accusative genitive singular)
panokset (accusative genitive plural)
panoksen (genitive singular)
panosten (genitive plural)
panoksien (genitive plural)
panosta (partitive singular)
panoksia (partitive plural)
panoksessa (inessive singular)
panoksissa (inessive plural)
panoksesta (elative singular)
panoksista (elative plural)
panokseen (illative singular)
panoksiin (illative plural)
panoksella (adessive singular)
panoksilla (adessive plural)
panokselta (ablative singular)
panoksilta (ablative plural)
panokselle (allative singular)
panoksille (allative plural)
panoksena (essive singular)
panoksina (essive plural)
panokseksi (singular translative)
panoksiksi (plural translative)
panoksetta (abessive singular)
panoksitta (abessive plural)
panoksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
panokseni (nominative singular)
panokseni (nominative plural)
panokseni (accusative nominative singular)
panokseni (accusative nominative plural)
panokseni (accusative genitive singular)
panokseni (accusative genitive plural)
panokseni (genitive singular)
panosteni (genitive plural)
panoksieni (genitive plural)
panostani (partitive singular)
panoksiani (partitive plural)
panoksessani (inessive singular)
panoksissani (inessive plural)
panoksestani (elative singular)
panoksistani (elative plural)
panokseeni (illative singular)
panoksiini (illative plural)
panoksellani (adessive singular)
panoksillani (adessive plural)
panokseltani (ablative singular)
panoksiltani (ablative plural)
panokselleni (allative singular)
panoksilleni (allative plural)
panoksenani (essive singular)
panoksinani (essive plural)
panoksekseni (singular translative)
panoksikseni (plural translative)
panoksettani (abessive singular)
panoksittani (abessive plural)
panoksineni (comitative plural)
panoksesi (nominative singular)
panoksesi (nominative plural)
panoksesi (accusative nominative singular)
panoksesi (accusative nominative plural)
panoksesi (accusative genitive singular)
panoksesi (accusative genitive plural)
panoksesi (genitive singular)
panostesi (genitive plural)
panoksiesi (genitive plural)
panostasi (partitive singular)
panoksiasi (partitive plural)
panoksessasi (inessive singular)
panoksissasi (inessive plural)
panoksestasi (elative singular)
panoksistasi (elative plural)
panokseesi (illative singular)
panoksiisi (illative plural)
panoksellasi (adessive singular)
panoksillasi (adessive plural)
panokseltasi (ablative singular)
panoksiltasi (ablative plural)
panoksellesi (allative singular)
panoksillesi (allative plural)
panoksenasi (essive singular)
panoksinasi (essive plural)
panokseksesi (singular translative)
panoksiksesi (plural translative)
panoksettasi (abessive singular)
panoksittasi (abessive plural)
panoksinesi (comitative plural)
panoksemme (nominative singular)
panoksemme (nominative plural)
panoksemme (accusative nominative singular)
panoksemme (accusative nominative plural)
panoksemme (accusative genitive singular)
panoksemme (accusative genitive plural)
panoksemme (genitive singular)
panostemme (genitive plural)
panoksiemme (genitive plural)
panostamme (partitive singular)
panoksiamme (partitive plural)
panoksessamme (inessive singular)
panoksissamme (inessive plural)
panoksestamme (elative singular)
panoksistamme (elative plural)
panokseemme (illative singular)
panoksiimme (illative plural)
panoksellamme (adessive singular)
panoksillamme (adessive plural)
panokseltamme (ablative singular)
panoksiltamme (ablative plural)
panoksellemme (allative singular)
panoksillemme (allative plural)
panoksenamme (essive singular)
panoksinamme (essive plural)
panokseksemme (singular translative)
panoksiksemme (plural translative)
panoksettamme (abessive singular)
panoksittamme (abessive plural)
panoksinemme (comitative plural)
panoksenne (nominative singular)
panoksenne (nominative plural)
panoksenne (accusative nominative singular)
panoksenne (accusative nominative plural)
panoksenne (accusative genitive singular)
panoksenne (accusative genitive plural)
panoksenne (genitive singular)
panostenne (genitive plural)
panoksienne (genitive plural)
panostanne (partitive singular)
panoksianne (partitive plural)
panoksessanne (inessive singular)
panoksissanne (inessive plural)
panoksestanne (elative singular)
panoksistanne (elative plural)
panokseenne (illative singular)
panoksiinne (illative plural)
panoksellanne (adessive singular)
panoksillanne (adessive plural)
panokseltanne (ablative singular)
panoksiltanne (ablative plural)
panoksellenne (allative singular)
panoksillenne (allative plural)
panoksenanne (essive singular)
panoksinanne (essive plural)
panokseksenne (singular translative)
panoksiksenne (plural translative)
panoksettanne (abessive singular)
panoksittanne (abessive plural)
panoksinenne (comitative plural)
panoksensa (nominative singular)
panoksensa (nominative plural)
panoksensa (accusative nominative singular)
panoksensa (accusative nominative plural)
panoksensa (accusative genitive singular)
panoksensa (accusative genitive plural)
panoksensa (genitive singular)
panostensa (genitive plural)
panoksiensa (genitive plural)
panostaan (partitive singular)
panostansa (partitive singular)
panoksiaan (partitive plural)
panoksiansa (partitive plural)
panoksessaan (inessive singular)
panoksessansa (inessive singular)
panoksissaan (inessive plural)
panoksissansa (inessive plural)
panoksestaan (elative singular)
panoksestansa (elative singular)
panoksistaan (elative plural)
panoksistansa (elative plural)
panokseensa (illative singular)
panoksiinsa (illative plural)
panoksellaan (adessive singular)
panoksellansa (adessive singular)
panoksillaan (adessive plural)
panoksillansa (adessive plural)
panokseltaan (ablative singular)
panokseltansa (ablative singular)
panoksiltaan (ablative plural)
panoksiltansa (ablative plural)
panokselleen (allative singular)
panoksellensa (allative singular)
panoksilleen (allative plural)
panoksillensa (allative plural)
panoksenaan (essive singular)
panoksenansa (essive singular)
panoksinaan (essive plural)
panoksinansa (essive plural)
panoksekseen (singular translative)
panokseksensa (singular translative)
panoksikseen (plural translative)
panoksiksensa (plural translative)
panoksettaan (abessive singular)
panoksettansa (abessive singular)
panoksittaan (abessive plural)
panoksittansa (abessive plural)
panoksineen (comitative plural)
panoksinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *panos. Equivalent to panna (“to put”) + -os.

(weaponry, construction, demolition, mining) load, explosive charge (usually including a detonator)


tingle

cognate with the Middle High German zingel

The tingle is fastened on the top of the brick by a small pat of mortar, on which is placed a piece of brick to keep the tingle firm.

1915 February, “British Method of Laying Bricks”, in Building Age, volume 37, page 68:

a tingle is used to prevent the line from sagging in the middle if it is being used on a long wall

1983, W. G. Nash, Brickwork - Volume 1, page 76:

To prevent a long line sagging, it can be given intermediate support with a tingle plate.

2013, Michael Hammett, Brickwork and Paving: For House and Garden:

(masonry) An attachment in the middle of a long guide line to keep it from sagging.


tingle

en-verb

tingle (third-person singular simple present tingles, present participle tingling, simple past and past participle tingled)

tingles (present singular third-person)
tingling (participle present)
tingled (participle past)
tingled (past)

If there is much length of line it will require tingling up to keep it from sagging. To tingle a line it is best to have a plumbing place at that point were the tingle is to be fixed so as to ensure the work beging kept true.

(masonry) To secure the middle of a guide line by means of a tingle.


injection

en-noun

injection (countable and uncountable, plural injections)

/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/

Nicolas Bourbaki
Éléments de mathématique

Borrowed from Middle French injection, from Latin iniectio. The mathematical sense is from French injection, introduced by Nicolas Bourbaki in their treatise Éléments de mathématique.

(construction) The act of inserting materials like concrete grout or gravel by using high pressure pumps.


reprise

From Middle English reprise (noun) and reprisen (verb), from Old French reprise, from reprendre. In some senses borrowed anew from Modern French reprise.

(construction) In masonry, the return of a moulding in an internal angle.


lus

From Old Norse lús, from Proto-Germanic *lūs, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *luHs-, *lewH-.
Germanic cognates include Icelandic and Faroese lús, Danish and Swedish lus, German Laus, Dutch luis, and English louse. Wider Indo-European cognates may include some in Brythonic languages, such as Welsh llau and Breton laou.

mus

mouse; for its morphological similarities

(carpentry, woodworking) a piece of wood made to fill a gap that is left open, typically as a mistake during the moulding


glazed

a shelter at the bus stop with glazed sides and rear

a glazed garden shed

(architecture, construction) Having glass in the windows.


sump

From Middle English sompe, either from Middle Dutch somp, sump or Middle Low German sump from Old Saxon *sump, from Proto-West Germanic *sump, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sumpaz. Doublet of swamp.

(construction) An intentional depression around a drain or scupper that promotes drainage.


asphalt concrete

asphalt concrete (countable and uncountable, plural asphalt concretes)

A material often used for road surfacing, composed of a hard, granular material such as crushed stone combined with asphalt as a binder. (Often clipped elliptically as asphalt.)


раствор

ru-noun+

раство́р • (rastvór) m inan (genitive раство́ра, nominative plural раство́ры, genitive plural раство́ров)

раство́р (canonical)
rastvór (romanization)
раство́ра (genitive)
раство́ры (nominative plural)
раство́ров (genitive plural)
раство́р (nominative singular)
раство́ры (nominative plural)
раство́ра (genitive singular)
раство́ров (genitive plural)
раство́ру (dative singular)
раство́рам (dative plural)
раство́р (accusative singular)
раство́ры (accusative plural)
раство́ром (instrumental singular)
раство́рами (instrumental plural)
раство́ре (prepositional singular)
раство́рах (plural prepositional)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orztvorъ. Deverbal from растворя́ть, раствори́ть (rastvorjátʹ, rastvorítʹ, “to dissolve”).

deverbal

растворя́ть, раствори́ть


two by four

Well, Moses stood on the Red Sea shore, And smote the water with a two by four

1959, Nat King Cole, Oh, Mary, don't you weep.:

Date debatable, Ledbelly - from a traditional folk song, Linin' Track
Moses stood on the Red Sea shore, smotin' that water with a two by four

(chiefly Canada, US) A length of sawn wood of cross section approximately 2 inches by 4 inches, most often employed as structural framing lumber (dimension or dimensional lumber).

бичме́

A length of sawn wood 2 inches by 4 inches


ice dam

(roofing) A mass of ice formed at the transition from a warm to a cold roof surface, frequently formed by refreezing meltwater at the overhang of a steep roof, causing ice and water to back up under roofing materials.

ice dam membrane
ice dam membrane#English


jamb

From Middle English jambe, jaumbe, from Old French jambe (“leg”), from Late Latin gamba (“hock, shank, leg, thigh”), from Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “turning post, bend or flexure”). Doublet of gam, gamb, gamba, and jambe.

der

(architecture, interior decorating, carpentry) Either of the vertical components that form the side of an opening in a wall, such as that of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace.

яңаҡ

vertical component that form the side of an opening in a wall


fly-in

(roofing) A method of application for roll materials by which the dry sheet is set into the bitumen or adhesive applied to the roof surface.


δέω

déō (romanization)
δέω (active first-person indicative singular)
δεῖς (active indicative second-person singular)
δεῖ (active indicative singular third-person)
δεῖτον (active dual indicative second-person)
δεῖτον (active dual indicative third-person)
δέομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
δεῖτε (active indicative plural second-person)
δέουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
δέουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
δέω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
δέῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
δέῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
δέητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
δέητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
δέωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
δέητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
δέωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δέωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δέοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
δέοις (active optative second-person singular)
δέοι (active optative singular third-person)
δέοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
δεοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
δέοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
δέοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
δέοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
δεῖ (active imperative second-person singular)
δείτω (active imperative singular third-person)
δεῖτον (active dual imperative second-person)
δείτων (active dual imperative third-person)
δεῖτε (active imperative plural second-person)
δεόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
δέομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
δέῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
δεῖ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
δεῖται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
δεῖσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
δεῖσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
δεόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
δεῖσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
δέονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
δέωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
δέῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
δέηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
δέησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
δέησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
δεώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
δέησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
δέωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
δεοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
δέοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
δέοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
δέοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
δεοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
δεοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
δέοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
δέοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
δέου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
δείσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
δεῖσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
δείσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
δεῖσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
δείσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
δεῖν (active infinitive)
δεῖσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
δέων (active masculine participle)
δεόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
δέουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
δεομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
δέον (active neuter participle)
δεόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
δέω (active first-person indicative singular)
δέεις (active indicative second-person singular)
δέει (active indicative singular third-person)
δέετον (active dual indicative second-person)
δέετον (active dual indicative third-person)
δέομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
δέετε (active indicative plural second-person)
δέουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
δέουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
δέω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
δέῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
δέῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
δέητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
δέητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
δέωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
δέητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
δέωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δέωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δέοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
δέοις (active optative second-person singular)
δέοι (active optative singular third-person)
δέοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
δεοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
δέοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
δέοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
δέοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
δέε (active imperative second-person singular)
δεέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
δέετον (active dual imperative second-person)
δεέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
δέετε (active imperative plural second-person)
δεόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
δέομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
δέῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
δέει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
δέεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
δέεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
δέεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
δεόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
δέεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
δέονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
δέωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
δέῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
δέηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
δέησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
δέησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
δεώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
δέησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
δέωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
δεοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
δέοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
δέοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
δέοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
δεοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
δεοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
δέοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
δέοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
δέου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
δεέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
δέεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
δεέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
δέεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
δεέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
δέειν (active infinitive)
δέεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
δέων (active masculine participle)
δεόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
δέουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
δεομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
δέον (active neuter participle)
δεόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἔδεον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔδεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔδει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔδειν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐδεῖτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐδείτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐδέομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐδεῖτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔδεον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐδεόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐδέου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐδεῖτο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐδεῖσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐδείσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐδεόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐδεῖσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐδέοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἔδεον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἔδεες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἔδεε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἔδεεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐδέετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐδεέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐδέομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐδέετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἔδεον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἐδεόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἐδέου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἐδέετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἐδέεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἐδεέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἐδεόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἐδέεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἐδέοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
δεήσω (active first-person indicative singular)
δεήσεις (active indicative second-person singular)
δεήσει (active indicative singular third-person)
δεήσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
δεήσετον (active dual indicative third-person)
δεήσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
δεήσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
δεήσουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
δεήσουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
δεήσοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
δεήσοις (active optative second-person singular)
δεήσοι (active optative singular third-person)
δεήσοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
δεησοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
δεήσοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
δεήσοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
δεήσοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
δεήσομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
δεήσῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
δεήσει (indicative middle second-person singular)
δεήσεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
δεήσεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
δεήσεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
δεησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
δεήσεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
δεήσονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
δεησοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
δεήσοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
δεήσοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
δεήσοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
δεησοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
δεησοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
δεήσοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
δεήσοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
δεηθήσομαι (first-person indicative passive singular)
δεηθήσῃ (indicative passive second-person singular)
δεηθήσεται (indicative passive singular third-person)
δεηθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive second-person)
δεηθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive third-person)
δεηθησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative passive plural)
δεηθήσεσθε (indicative passive plural second-person)
δεηθήσονται (indicative passive plural third-person)
δεηθησοίμην (first-person optative passive singular)
δεηθήσοιο (optative passive second-person singular)
δεηθήσοιτο (optative passive singular third-person)
δεηθήσοισθον (dual optative passive second-person)
δεηθησοίσθην (dual optative passive third-person)
δεηθησοίμεθᾰ (first-person optative passive plural)
δεηθήσοισθε (optative passive plural second-person)
δεηθήσοιντο (optative passive plural third-person)
δεήσειν (active infinitive)
δεήσεσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
δεηθήσεσθαι (infinitive passive)
δεήσων (active masculine participle)
δεησόμενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
δεηθησόμενος (masculine participle passive)
δεήσουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
δεησομένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
δεηθησομένη (feminine participle passive)
δεῆσον (active neuter participle)
δεησόμενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
δεηθησόμενον (neuter participle passive)
ἐδέησᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἐδέησᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἐδέησε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐδέησεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἐδεήσᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἐδεησᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἐδεήσᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἐδεήσᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἐδέησᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
δεήσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
δεήσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
δεήσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
δεήσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
δεήσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
δεήσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
δεήσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
δεήσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δεήσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δεήσαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
δεήσειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
δεήσαις (active optative second-person singular)
δεήσειε (active optative singular third-person)
δεήσειεν (active optative singular third-person)
δεήσαι (active optative singular third-person)
δεήσαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
δεησαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
δεήσαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
δεήσαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
δεήσειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
δεήσαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
δέησον (active imperative second-person singular)
δεησᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
δεήσᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
δεησᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
δεήσᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
δεησᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἐδεησᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἐδεήσω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἐδεήσᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἐδεήσᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἐδεησᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἐδεησᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἐδεήσᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἐδεήσᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
δεήσωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
δεήσῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
δεήσηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
δεήσησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
δεήσησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
δεησώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
δεήσησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
δεήσωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
δεησαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
δεήσαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
δεήσαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
δεήσαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
δεησαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
δεησαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
δεήσαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
δεήσαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
δέησαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
δεησᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
δεήσᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
δεησᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
δεήσᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
δεησᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἐδεήθην (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἐδεήθης (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἐδεήθη (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἐδεήθητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἐδεηθήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἐδεήθημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἐδεήθητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἐδεήθησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
δεηθῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
δεηθῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
δεηθῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
δεηθῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
δεηθῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
δεηθῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
δεηθῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
δεηθῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
δεηθῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
δεηθείην (first-person optative passive singular)
δεηθείης (optative passive second-person singular)
δεηθείη (optative passive singular third-person)
δεηθεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
δεηθείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
δεηθείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
δεηθειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
δεηθεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
δεηθείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
δεηθεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
δεηθείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
δεηθεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
δεηθείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
δεήθητῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
δεηθήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
δεήθητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
δεηθήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
δεήθητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
δεηθέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
δεῆσαι (active infinitive)
δεήσᾰσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
δεηθῆναι (infinitive passive)
δεήσᾱς (active masculine participle)
δεησᾰ́μενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
δεηθείς (masculine participle passive)
δεήσᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
δεησᾰμένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
δεηθεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
δεῆσᾰν (active neuter participle)
δεησᾰ́μενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
δεηθέν (neuter participle passive)
δεδέηκᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
δεδέηκᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
δεδέηκε (active indicative singular third-person)
δεδέηκεν (active indicative singular third-person)
δεδεήκᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
δεδεήκᾰτον (active dual indicative third-person)
δεδεήκᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
δεδεήκᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
δεδεήκᾱσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
δεδεήκᾱσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
δεδεήκω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
δεδεήκῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
δεδεήκῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
δεδεήκητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
δεδεήκητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
δεδεήκωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
δεδεήκητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
δεδεήκωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δεδεήκωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
δεδεήκοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
δεδεηκοίην (active first-person optative singular)
δεδεήκοις (active optative second-person singular)
δεδεηκοίης (active optative second-person singular)
δεδεήκοι (active optative singular third-person)
δεδεηκοίη (active optative singular third-person)
δεδεήκοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
δεδεηκοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
δεδεήκοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
δεδεήκοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
δεδεήκοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
δεδέηκε (active imperative second-person singular)
δεδεηκέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
δεδεήκετον (active dual imperative second-person)
δεδεηκέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
δεδεήκετε (active imperative plural second-person)
δεδεηκόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
δεδέημαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
δεδέησαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
δεδέηται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
δεδέησθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
δεδέησθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
δεδεήμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
δεδέησθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
δεδέηνται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
δεδεημένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
δεδεημένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
δεδεημένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
δεδεημένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
δεδεημένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
δεδεημένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
δεδεημένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
δεδεημένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
δεδεημένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
δεδεημένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
δεδεημένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
δεδεημένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
δεδεημένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
δεδεημένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
δεδεημένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
δεδεημένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
δεδεημένοι εἴησᾰν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἶεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
δεδέησο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
δεδεήσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
δεδέησθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
δεδεήσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
δεδέησθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
δεδεήσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
δεδεηκέναι (active infinitive)
δεδεῆσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
δεδεηκώς (active masculine participle)
δεδεημένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
δεδεηκυῖᾰ (active feminine participle)
δεδεημένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
δεδεηκός (active neuter participle)
δεδεημένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)

→ Greek: δέω (déo) (learned)

Apparently from a Proto-Hellenic *dew(s)- (“to miss, want, need”) (without the *-s- if the earlier form was *δέϝω (*déwō), with the *-s- if the earlier form was *δεύσ-ω (*deús-ō)). In the latter case, perhaps cognate with Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “fault, deficiency”). See also δῠσ- (dus-, “dys-, bad”), δεῖ (deî, “one must”).

cog

386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 95C

366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 207E

361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 143

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Funeral Speech 31

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 316C

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.6.26

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.6.3

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1152A.6

384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1136B.8

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Hipparchus 225B

406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 28

428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Second Alcibiades 144D

(οἴομαι δεῖν) to hold it necessary, think it one's duty


digger

From Middle English dyggar, equivalent to dig + -er.
In the sense of "Australian soldier", attributed to the considerable time that soldiers spent digging trenches during World War I.

The cables are placed from 16 in. to 2 ft. down, and to save time and labour use was made of a mechanical digger lent by the Swedish State Railways.

1952 January, “Electrification Progress in Norway”, in Railway Magazine, page 55:

A large piece of machinery that digs holes or trenches.


garrote

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: caroti


breeze-block

From breeze (“residue from a furnace”) + block.

com

(UK) A lightweight building block made from cinders and concrete.


plana

la-noun

plāna f (genitive plānae); first declension

plāna (canonical feminine)
plānae (genitive)
plāna (nominative singular)
plānae (nominative plural)
plānae (genitive singular)
plānārum (genitive plural)
plānae (dative singular)
plānīs (dative plural)
plānam (accusative singular)
plānās (accusative plural)
plānā (ablative singular)
plānīs (ablative plural)
plāna (singular vocative)
plānae (plural vocative)

plāna

Bresciano: piona

Catalan: plana

Comasco: piana, piona

Old French: plaine

→ Middle English: plaine, plaine

English: plane

→ Irish: plána

Friulian: plana

Istriot: spiana

Ladin: plana

Lombard: piana

Neapolitan: chiana

Sardinian: prana

Piedmontese: piana

Portuguese: plaina

Old Occitan: plana

Sicilian: chiana

Spanish: llana, plana

Trentino: piona

Venetan: piana

Veronese: piona

→ Greek: πλάνη (pláni)

*plānea

Northern Italian: piagna

→ Greek: πλάνια (plánia)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پلانیه (planya)

Turkish: planya

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бла̏ња

Latin script: blȁnja

Italian: pialla

Habet desuper solarium curticulam similiter tunimo interclusam, pomerium contiguum, diversi generis arborum pemorosum; infra vivarium cum piscibus I. hortum bene compositum I. vestimenta ad lectum parandum I. drappos ad discum parandum I. toaclam I. Utensilia, concas aereas II. pocularem I. baccinum I. caldaria aerea II. ferrum I. sartaginem I. cramalium I. andedam I. terebros II. scalprum I. asciam I. runcinam I. planam I. falces II. falciolas III. fussoria II. palas ferro paratas II. Utensilia lignea sufficienter.

c. 800, “Caroli Magni Breviarium rerum fiscalinum”, in Julius Ludwig Ideler, editor, Leben und Wandel Karls des Großen. Einleitung, Urschrift, Erläuterung, Urkundensammlung, in zwei Bänden, volume 2, published 1839, page 239 l. 6:

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) smoothing plane


dump truck

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dump truck.wav

Specialised long-reach excavators with a clamshell grab then reach though the openings to lift the spoil to the surface, which is then deposited in articulated dump trucks (ADTs).

2023 March 8, Chris Howe, “Building the platform for Old Oak Common's platforms”, in RAIL, number 978, page 60:

A heavy truck, for carrying loose, bulk cargo, having a hinged bed that allows the contents to be unloaded onto the ground.

شَاحِنَة تَفْرِيغ

heavy truck for carrying loose, bulk cargo


gips

gipsowy (adjective)
gips (nominative singular)
gipsy (nominative plural)
gipsu (genitive singular)
gipsów (genitive plural)
gipsowi (dative singular)
gipsom (dative plural)
gips (accusative singular)
gipsy (accusative plural)
gipsem (instrumental singular)
gipsami (instrumental plural)
gipsie (locative singular)
gipsach (locative plural)
gipsie (singular vocative)
gipsy (plural vocative)


crawler

From crawl (“to move slowly, by dragging the body along the ground”) + -er.

suf

A child who is able to creep using its hands and knees but is not able to walk.

A tractor crawler, a motorized vehicle that uses caterpillar tracks instead of wheels.

Crawler-based search engines have three major elements. The first is the spider, also called the crawler, which visits a web page, reads it, and then follows links to other pages within the site.

2008, Alex Michael, Ben Salter, Marketing Through Search Optimization, Routledge, →ISBN, page xii:

These serve as an algorithmic way to judge the “mobileness” of a site, and similar algorithms are likely to be used by the search crawlers.

2011, James Pearce, Professional Mobile Web Development with WordPress, Joomla! and Drupal, page 466:

(Internet) A software bot that autonomously follows connected paths such as links between web pages.


crawler

From crawl (“to act in a servile manner”) + -er.
From the Australian convict period (1788–1850); a prisoner who was purposely and extensively abused by an overseer (also a convict) and thereby driven to escape but who, finding it impossible to survive in the Australian bush, surrenders to this overseer, who would then have his penal term reduced. The particular crawler was picked for his weak personality and might escape and return a number of times increasing his own penal term each time. According to James Tucker, some convict overseers had their sentences extensively reduced using this odious practice.

suffix

(Australia, obsolete) A person who is abused, physically or verbally, and returns to the abuser a supplicant.


carpenter's square

en-noun

carpenter's square (plural carpenter's squares)

A tool used to measure out right angles.


ラーメン

ja-noun

ラーメン • (rāmen)

(architecture, construction) rigid frame


rasa

From ras (“smooth”) + -a, from Latin rāsus (“cropped, shorn”).


red brick university

en-noun

red brick university (plural red brick universities)

From the memoir Redbrick University by Edgar Allison Peers, whose titular university is based on the University of Liverpool. Liverpool, like most urban universities of the late-19th and early-20th centuries, extensively uses red clay bricks in its architecture.

It took a while before he told me his background: a happy childhood; two degrees—a bachelor's from a red brick university and an Oxbridge PhD; a relatively high-flying job in academia that he liked rather than loved.

2006 March 31, Adrian Turpin, “Not tonight darling, I'm online”, in Financial Times, retrieved 2006-03-31:

(British) Any traditional British university other than Oxford or Cambridge, especially one founded in the Victorian age in a large city.

Edgar Allison Peers
University of Liverpool
red brick university


loader

(computing) A program that prepares other programs for execution.

zavaděč

A tractor with a scoop, for example: front-end loader, front loader, endloader, payloader, bucket loader, wheel loader, etc.

Unique point-of-purchase materials and display loaders dramatically contribute to the display's attention-getting ability.

1990, Robert B. Konikow, Sales Promotion Design, page 197:

Marketers use dealer loaders to obtain new distributors and push larger quantities of goods.

1995, William M. Pride, O. C. Ferrell, Marketing: Concepts and Strategies, page 591:

Dealer (or buying) loaders are gifts offered to resellers for stocking products. Many companies specialize in providing premium and gift items, and publish catalogues from which you can select appropriate items.

2001, Stuart Clark Rogers, Marketing Strategies, Tactics, and Techniques, page 172:

(marketing) An incentive given to a dealer.


ledger

From Middle English liggere, ligger, leger (“large breviary; beam, plank; dweller, inhabitant”), from liggen, leggen, variants of līen (“to lie down; to bow, kneel, prostrate; to die; to be located (somewhere); to remain in place, stay”), from Old English liċġan (“to lie down; to be situated”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie down”). The word is cognate with Dutch legger (“daybook; layer”) (from leggen (“to lay”), liggen (“to lie down”)), and is related to English ledge, lie (“to be prostrate”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

refn

From the collection of the Museum der Alltagskultur (Museum of Everyday Culture) in Waldenbuch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

tilikirja

book or other scheme for keeping accounting records

[The dome was] turned upon a centre laid without any standard from below to support it. Every story of the scaffolding being circular, and the ends of the ledgers meeting as so many rings, and truly wrought, it supported itself; […]

1851, G[eorge] Drysdale Dempsey, “Section V. Timber, Woodwork, & Constructive Carpentry.”, in The Builder’s Guide: A Practical Manual for the Use of Builders, Clerks of Works, Professional Students, and Others, Engaged in Designing or Superintending the Construction of Buildings. […], London: Archley & Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 80, page 111:

For more secure rooftop decks, a ledger (a joist mounted against the side of the house to support one side of a deck) is attached to the face of the house with perpendicular sleepers (wood planks laid horizontally at wide intervals) aligned with the roof rafters below.

2003, Julie Stillman, Jane Gitlin, “Decks”, in Deck & Patio Idea Book (Taunton Home), Stefanie Ramp edition, Newtown, Conn.: Taunton Press, →ISBN, page 32:

(construction) A board attached to a wall to provide support for attaching other structural elements (such as deck joists or roof rafters) to a building.

juoksu

construction: board attached to a wall to provide support


削る

ja-verb

削(けず)る • (kezuru) ^(←けづる (keduru)?)transitive godan (stem 削(けず)り (kezuri), past 削(けず)った (kezutta))

削る (canonical)
kezuru (romanization)
keduru (romanization)
削り (stem)
削った (past)
削ら
けずら
kezura
削り
けずり
kezuri
削る
けずる
kezuru
削れ
けずれ
kezure
削られる (passive)
けずられる (passive)
kezurareru (passive)
削らせる (causative)
削らす (causative)
けずらせる (causative)
けずらす (causative)
kezuraseru (causative)
kezurasu (causative)
削れる (potential)
けずれる (potential)
kezureru (potential)
削ろう (volitional)
けずろう (volitional)
kezurō (volitional)
削らない (negative)
けずらない (negative)
kezuranai (negative)
削らず (continuative negative)
けずらず (continuative negative)
kezurazu (continuative negative)
削ります (formal)
けずります (formal)
kezurimasu (formal)
削った (perfective)
けずった (perfective)
kezutta (perfective)
削って (conjunctive)
けずって (conjunctive)
kezutte (conjunctive)
削れば (conditional hypothetical)
けずれば (conditional hypothetical)
kezureba (conditional hypothetical)
削ら (irrealis stem)
けずら (irrealis stem)
kezura (irrealis)
削り (continuative stem)
けずり (continuative stem)
kezuri (continuative)
削る (stem terminative)
けずる (stem terminative)
kezuru (terminative)
削る (attributive stem)
けずる (attributive stem)
kezuru (attributive)
削れ (realis stem)
けずれ (realis stem)
kezure (realis)
削れ (imperative stem)
けずれ (imperative stem)
kezure (imperative)
削らず (negative)
けずらず (negative)
kezurazu (negative)
削れど (contrastive)
けずれど (contrastive)
kezuredo (contrastive)
削れば (causative)
けずれば (causative)
kezureba (causative)
削らば (conditional)
けずらば (conditional)
kezuraba (conditional)
削りき (past)
けずりき (past)
kezuriki (past)
削りけり (past)
けずりけり (past)
kezurikeri (past)
削りつ (perfect)
けずりつ (perfect)
kezuritu (perfect)
削りぬ (perfect)
けずりぬ (perfect)
kezurinu (perfect)
削れり (continuative perfect)
削りたり (continuative perfect)
けずれり (continuative perfect)
けずりたり (continuative perfect)
kezureri (continuative perfect)
kezuritari (continuative perfect)
削らむ (volitional)
けずらむ (volitional)
kezuramu (volitional)


kram

nl-noun

kram f (plural krammen, diminutive krammetje n)

krammen (plural)
krammetje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Papiamentu: kramchi, kranchi, kramtsje (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch cramme, from Middle Dutch crimmen (“to catch, grab (with claws)”), from Proto-West Germanic *krimman.

der

staple (U-shaped metal fastener to bind materials together, for example to attach fence wire to posts)


비계

Sino-Korean word from 飛 (“to fly”) + 階 (“stair, step”).

ko-etym-sino

가공전로에 근접하여 비계를 설치할 경우 주의하여야 한다.

One must be careful when setting up scaffolding near overhead power lines.

Gagongjeollo-e geunjeophayeo bigye-reul seolchihal gyeong'u juuihayeo-ya handa.


drywall

en-noun

drywall (countable and uncountable, plural drywalls)

A stone wall constructed without mortar or cement.


joist

From Old French giste, feminine of gist, the past participle of gesir (“to lie down”).

[…] a Family was infected there, in so terrible a Manner that every one of the House died; the last Person lay dead on the Floor, and as it is supposed, had laid her self all along to die just before the Fire; the Fire, it seems had fallen from its Place, being of Wood, and had taken hold of the Boards and the Joists they lay on, and burnt as far as just to the Body, but had not taken hold of the dead Body […]

1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., page 190:

There are generally forty-two teeth in all; in old whales, much worn down, but undecayed; nor filled after our artificial fashion. The jaw is afterwards sawn into slabs, and piled away like joists for building houses.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 74, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

A formidable wooden beam, resting on four pillars, which appeared to have bent under the weight of the decrepit house, had been encrusted with as many coats of different paint as there are of rouge on an old duchess’s cheek. In the middle of this broad and fantastically carved joist there was an old painting representing a cat playing rackets.

1895, Honoré de Balzac, translated by Clara Bell, At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, London: J.M. Dent, published 1842, page 17:

[…] even the carpenters who made her over for the service had not thought her worth the trouble, and had done their worst by her. The new partitions were hung to the joists by a few nails.

1923, Willa Cather, One of Ours, Book Four, Chapter 6:

Once the floor joists were in position, the framing of the next storey could continue, with a bressummer laid along their ends.

1986, R. J. Brown, Timber-Framed Buildings of England, London: R. Hale, →ISBN, page 63:

A piece of timber or steel laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed.


tegel

tegel (indefinite nominative singular)
tegels (genitive indefinite singular)
teglet (definite nominative singular)
teglets (definite genitive singular)
tegel (indefinite nominative plural)
tegels (genitive indefinite plural)
teglen (definite nominative plural)
teglens (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish tighl, from Old Norse tigl, from Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ.
Same as Icelandic tigl, Danish tegel, Old English tigele, English tile, Middle Low German tegel, German Ziegel, Latin tegula, a form of tegere (“to cover”) (a roof with tiles), relating to Swedish tak (“roof”) and täcka (“to cover”). Thus, it was first used for roof tiles, later for wall bricks.
Brick building was introduced in Scandinavia with the cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark (started in the 1170s), and later led to the "Brick Gothic" (Backsteingothik) in Scandinavia and Northern Germany.

huset är gjort av tegel

taket är täckt med tegel

the roof is covered with (brick, clay) tiles

brick (burned clay, the material, used for roof tiles and bricks), tiles


tegula

la-noun

tēgula f (genitive tēgulae); first declension

tēgula (canonical feminine)
tēgulae (genitive)
tēgula (nominative singular)
tēgulae (nominative plural)
tēgulae (genitive singular)
tēgulārum (genitive plural)
tēgulae (dative singular)
tēgulīs (dative plural)
tēgulam (accusative singular)
tēgulās (accusative plural)
tēgulā (ablative singular)
tēgulīs (ablative plural)
tēgula (singular vocative)
tēgulae (plural vocative)

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: tiola, tìvola

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: teula

Franco-Provençal: tiola

Old French: tiule (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: teule

Sicilian: tìgula, Tìguli, Tìvuli

Vulgar Latin: tegla

Dalmatian: tacla

Italo-Romance:

Italian: tegghia

desc

⇒ Italian: teglia (through de-vulgarization)

Sicilian: tegghia

North-Italian:

Friulian: tecje, tečhe (alternative orthography)

Piedmontese: teja

Venetan: técia

Gallo-Romance:

Champenois: teille

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: teya

Old Galician-Portuguese: telha

Galician: tella

Portuguese: telha

Spanish: teja

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tegella

Italian: tiella

Portuguese: tigela

Sicilian: tijeḍḍa

Borrowings:

→? Italian: tegola (semi-learned)

→ Albanian: tjegull

→ Andalusian Arabic: تاقرة (tāqra, “milking-pail”)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tagra (“a liquid measure”)

→ Old Spanish: tagara (“bowl”)

→ Old Leonese: tagara, tagarra (“bowl”)

→ Galician: tarro (“jar”)

→ Portuguese: tarro (“pot; milking-pail”)

→ Spanish: tarro (“jar; pot”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: طارو (ṭārru, “garbage-can”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: تاكرة (tāgra, “tajine”)

→ Proto-Germanic: *tigulǭ (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: tégla

→ English: tegula

→ Greek: τούγλα (toúgla)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طوغله (tuğla), توغله (tuğla)
Turkish: tuğla
→ Albanian: tullë
→ Armenian: թուղլա (tʻuġla)
→ Laz: თუღლა (tuğla)

→ Macedonian: тегла (tegla)

→ Portuguese: tégula

→ Serbo-Croatian: тегла (tegla)

→ Slovak: tehla

[ˈt̪eːɡʊɫ̪ä]

From Proto-Italic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). By surface analysis, tegō (“to cover”) + -ula. For the meaning development compare German Kachel. Though the sense “frying-pan” has been said to be derived from Ancient Greek τάγηνον (tágēnon), τήγανον (tḗganon), this is formally difficult; the distinction between it and “rooftile” may thus be seen as unfounded.
The long vowel is difficult to explain, but according to some authors it is an artifact of early simplification of the cluster *gdʰ in *teg-dʰlom (see -bulum for the suffix); compare rēgula. Contrast the later formation tegulum, with a short vowel.

surf

Glires: isicio porcino, item pulpis ex omni membro glirium trito, cum pipere, nucleis, lasere, liquamine farcies glires, et sutos in tegula positos mittes in furnum aut farsos in clibano coques.

Dormice: Fill the dormice with minced meat of pork and all parts of the dormice, ground pepper, pinenuts, laser, fish-sauce, and put them sewn together and laid upon a tile-pan into the oven, or cook them stuffed in the clibanus.

a tile, whether to lay the roof (rooftile) or to bake food upon it (baking tile, frying pan)


mayoral

Spanish: mayoral

[…] e enbẏo amonte libano .lxxx. mil om̃s q̃ taiaſſen madera. e .lxx. mil maçoneros pora la obra de la piedra ſin los maẏorales q̃ les comendauan q̃ auien a fer.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 49r:

[…] And he sent to Mount Lebanon eighty thousand men to cut wood and seventy thousand masons for the working of stone, besides the foremen who commanded them what they were to do.


Ziegel

de-noun

Ziegel m (strong, genitive Ziegels, plural Ziegel)

Ziegel (less common) f (genitive Ziegel, plural Ziegeln)

Ziegels (genitive)
Ziegel (plural)
Ziegel (genitive)
Ziegeln (plural)
Ziegel (nominative singular)
Ziegel (definite nominative plural)
Ziegels (genitive singular)
Ziegel (definite genitive plural)
Ziegel (dative singular)
Ziegeln (dative definite plural)
Ziegel (accusative singular)
Ziegel (accusative definite plural)
Ziegel (nominative singular)
Ziegeln (definite nominative plural)
Ziegel (genitive singular)
Ziegeln (definite genitive plural)
Ziegel (dative singular)
Ziegeln (dative definite plural)
Ziegel (accusative singular)
Ziegeln (accusative definite plural)

→ Serbo-Croatian: cígla

Inherited from Middle High German ziegel, from Old High German ziegal, ziagala, ziagal, from Proto-West Germanic *tigulā.

inh+

Das Dach ist mit gelben Ziegeln gedeckt.


redbrick

red brick university
red brick university#English


biga

bigà (canonical)
biga (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄ (Baybayin)


leac

head

leac f (genitive singular leice or lice, nominative plural leaca or leac(r)acha)

leice (genitive singular)
lice (genitive singular)
leaca (nominative plural)
leac (r)acha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
leac (indefinite singular)
leaca (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a leac (indefinite singular)
a leaca (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
leice (indefinite singular)
leac (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
leic (archaic dialectal indefinite singular)
nominative (definite)
an leac (definite singular)
na leaca (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na leice (definite singular)
na leac (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an leac (definite singular)
leis an leic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
don leac (definite singular)
don leic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
leis na leaca (definite plural)
nominative (indefinite)
leac (indefinite singular)
leaca (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a leac (indefinite singular)
a leaca (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
lice (indefinite singular)
leac (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
lic (archaic dialectal indefinite singular)
nominative (definite)
an leac (definite singular)
na leaca (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na lice (definite singular)
na leac (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an leac (definite singular)
leis an lic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
don leac (definite singular)
don lic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
leis na leaca (definite plural)

From Old Irish lecc, from Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥keh₂ (“flat surface”).
Celtic cognates include Welsh llech, Breton lec'h, Cornish legh, and the Gaulish toponym Are-lica. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek πλάξ (pláx, “flat stone”). Ultimately connected with PIE *pleh₂- (“flat”).

inh

Tá leac lena cheann.


leito

From Old Galician-Portuguese leito, from Latin lectus. Cognate with Portuguese leito and Spanish lecho.

(masonry) bed (lower surface of an ashlar, brick, etc)


掘削機

掘削機 (canonical)
kussakuki (romanization)


kret

kret (nominative singular)
krety (nominative plural)
kretu (genitive singular)
kretów (genitive plural)
kretowi (dative singular)
kretom (dative plural)
kret (accusative singular)
krety (accusative plural)
kretem (instrumental singular)
kretami (instrumental plural)
krecie (locative singular)
kretach (locative plural)
krecie (singular vocative)
krety (plural vocative)


four by two

She would sit here sometimes, perched on a bag of concrete looking at the big lumps of four by two and imagining what she might do with them if she had a chance.

1994, Peter Carey, Collected Stories, page 206:

He eyed Norman, who was lifting one end of a four-by-two and sighting down it, as his Bendigo uncle had taught him to sight new beams, seeking out the bow.

2009, Joy Dettman, Pearl in a Cage, page 110:

I found myself in overalls, work boots, gloves and protective glasses splitting planks of four-by-two and stacking them on pallets.[…]From rock star to Rajah of the Radio (Paul Keating′s line) to the ARIA Hall of Fame to being John Farnham′s manager for twenty-five years to a convicted criminal splitting four-by-twos.

2010, Glenn Wheatley, Glenn Wheatley: Facing the Music, page 109:

(Australia, UK, New Zealand) A length of sawn wood of cross section 4 inches by 2 inches, most often employed as structural framing lumber / timber.


قطران

head

قطران • (katran) (definite accusative قطرانی (katranı), plural قطرانلر (katranlar))

katran (romanization)
قطرانی (accusative definite)
قطرانلر (plural)

Turkish: katran

→ Albanian: katrani

desc

→ Armenian: խաթրան (xatʻran), խաթռան (xatʻṙan), կաթրան (katʻran)

→ Aromanian: cãtrani, cãtrane

→ Bulgarian: катра́н (katrán)

→ Macedonian: катран (katran)

→ Romanian: catran

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̀тран

Latin script: kàtran

Borrowed from Arabic قَطْرَان (qaṭrān, “tar, asphalt”).

bor+

(historical) Chian turpentine, Cyprus turpentine, a preparation from the resin of the terebinth


épi

Inherited from Old French espi, from Latin spīcum, one of the variants of spīca. Doublet of aspic.


stirrup

From Middle English stirop, stirope, from Old English stiġrāp (“stirrup”), a compound of stiġe ("ascent, descent, a going up or down"; related to stīġan (“to climb”)) and rāp (“rope”), equivalent to sty + rope.
Cognate with Dutch stegereep, stegelreep (“stirrup”), Old Saxon stigerēp (“stirrup”), Middle High German stereip, stegreif ("stirrup"; > German Stegreif (“improvisation”)), Icelandic stigreip (“stirrup”).

gloss

"ascent, descent, a going up or down"; related to <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">stīġan</i> (“to climb”)

"stirrup"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Stegreif</i> (“improvisation”)

(construction) A bent rebar wrapped around the main rebars to reinforce against shear stress.


spatola

Borrowed from Late Latin spatula, diminutive of Latin spatha. Compare spalla, an inherited doublet.


puto

eo-head

puto (accusative singular puton, plural putoj, accusative plural putojn)

puton (accusative singular)
putoj (plural)
putojn (accusative plural)

From Latin puteus. Not related to putino.

Tiu ĉi puto estas proksimume 50 metrojn profunda.

A well; a hole sunk into the ground for obtaining water.


pebble dash

en-verb

pebble dash (third-person singular simple present pebble dashes, present participle pebble dashing, simple past and past participle pebble dashed)

pebble dashes (present singular third-person)
pebble dashing (participle present)
pebble dashed (participle past)
pebble dashed (past)

The roads were lined with cramped little semis and 1960s bungalows: Britain's cheapest houses, in their flimsy, pebble-dashed glory.

2012, Tim Moore, You Are Awful (But I Like You): Travels Around Unloved Britain, Vintage, →ISBN, page 150:


daub

en-noun

daub (countable and uncountable, plural daubs)

From Middle English daub (noun), from Middle English dauben (“to plaster or whitewash; cover with clay; bespatter”, verb), from Old Northern French dauber (“to whitewash; plaster”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Latin dealbāre (“to whiten thoroughly”).

der

Excrement or clay used as a bonding material in construction.


štuka

štȕka (canonical feminine)
шту̏ка (Cyrillic)


kapak

(construction) plaster defect not bonding with the wall


deska

cs-noun

deska f (related adjective deskový, diminutive destička)

deskový (adjective)
destička (diminutive)
deska (nominative singular)
desky (nominative plural)
desky (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desk (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskám (dative plural)
desku (accusative singular)
desky (accusative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
desky (plural vocative)
desce (locative singular)
deskách (locative plural)
deskou (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)

cs-ndecl

f.*,-*􂀿usually only when referring to land registers􂁀

Inherited from Old Czech dska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska.

gramofonová deska

record, platter (device for recording sound and playing back on a record player)


deska

pl-noun

deska f (diminutive deseczka, augmentative decha)

deseczka (diminutive)
decha (augmentative)
deska (nominative singular)
deski (nominative plural)
deski (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskom (dative plural)
deskę (accusative singular)
deski (accusative plural)
deską (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)
desce (locative singular)
deskach (locative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
deski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish deska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska. Doublet of dysk (“disc, discus, disk”).

(derogatory, slang) ironing board (flat-chested woman)


крыша

ru-noun+

кры́ша • (krýša) f inan (genitive кры́ши, nominative plural кры́ши, genitive plural крыш, diminutive кры́шка or кры́шечка)

кры́ша (canonical)
krýša (romanization)
кры́ши (genitive)
кры́ши (nominative plural)
крыш (genitive plural)
кры́шка (diminutive)
кры́шечка (diminutive)
кры́ша (nominative singular)
кры́ши (nominative plural)
кры́ши (genitive singular)
кры́ш (genitive plural)
кры́ше (dative singular)
кры́шам (dative plural)
кры́шу (accusative singular)
кры́ши (accusative plural)
кры́шей (instrumental singular)
кры́шею (instrumental singular)
кры́шами (instrumental plural)
кры́ше (prepositional singular)
кры́шах (plural prepositional)
кры́ша (dated nominative singular)
кры́ши (dated nominative plural)
кры́ши (dated genitive singular)
кры́шъ (dated genitive plural)
кры́шѣ (dated dative singular)
кры́шамъ (dated dative plural)
кры́шу (accusative dated singular)
кры́ши (accusative dated plural)
кры́шей (dated instrumental singular)
кры́шею (dated instrumental singular)
кры́шами (dated instrumental plural)
кры́шѣ (dated prepositional singular)
кры́шахъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Armenian: կռիշ (kṙiš)

→ Azerbaijani: krişa, krışa

→ Georgian: კრიშა (ḳriša)

→ Polish: krysza

Inherited from Old East Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Slavic *kryša, from *kryti (“to cover, hide”) + *-ša (< *-sja).


střecha

cs-noun

střecha f (related adjective (rare) střechový)

střechový (adjective rare)
střecha (nominative singular)
střechy (nominative plural)
střechy (genitive singular)
střech (genitive plural)
střeše (dative singular)
střechám (dative plural)
střechu (accusative singular)
střechy (accusative plural)
střecho (singular vocative)
střechy (plural vocative)
střeše (locative singular)
střechách (locative plural)
střechou (instrumental singular)
střechami (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech střěcha, from Proto-Slavic *strěxa.

lepší vrabec v hrsti nežli holub na střeše


fallback

en-noun

fallback (countable and uncountable, plural fallbacks)

recourse. Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:option

(construction) A reduction in bitumen softening point, sometimes called refluxing or overheating, in a relatively closed container.


cherry picker

Earlier police used a cherry picker to clear protesters perched on a wooden structure built to block the road at Oxford Circus.

2019 October 18, “Extinction Rebellion: Central London targeted despite ban”, in BBC News:

A piece of equipment consisting of a large basket at the end of an extensible boom, often mounted on a truck body, and used by workers to reach inaccessible places such as power lines and tall trees.

A cantilevered tool for installing or removing a vehicle's engine block.

A person or group that picks the best for themselves; one who cherry-picks.

Two conclusions stand out: The Bible is a cherry-picker's paradise, and human beings cannot function without double standards.

2006, Manfred Weidhorn, An Anatomy of Skepticism, →ISBN, page 218:

A person or group that picks only evidence which supports an argument and ignores evidence which contradicts it; one who cherry-picks.


betons

betons (nominative singular)
betoni (nominative plural)
betonu (accusative singular)
betonus (accusative plural)
betona (genitive singular)
betonu (genitive plural)
betonam (dative singular)
betoniem (dative plural)
betonu (instrumental singular)
betoniem (instrumental plural)
betonā (locative singular)
betonos (locative plural)
beton (singular vocative)
betoni (plural vocative)

(construction) concrete (building material)


tigele

tigele (nominative singular)
tigelan (nominative plural)
tigelan (accusative singular)
tigelan (accusative plural)
tigelan (genitive singular)
tigelena (genitive plural)
tigelan (dative singular)
tigelum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile

English: tile (see there for further descendants)

Scots: tyl, tild


nagli

is-noun

nagli m (genitive singular nagla, nominative plural naglar)

nagla (genitive singular)
naglar (nominative plural)
nagli (indefinite nominative singular)
naglinn (definite nominative singular)
naglar (indefinite nominative plural)
naglarnir (definite nominative plural)
nagla (accusative indefinite singular)
naglann (accusative definite singular)
nagla (accusative indefinite plural)
naglana (accusative definite plural)
nagla (dative indefinite singular)
naglanum (dative definite singular)
nöglum (dative indefinite plural)
nöglunum (dative definite plural)
nagla (genitive indefinite singular)
naglans (definite genitive singular)
nagla (genitive indefinite plural)
naglanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse nagl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz.


Hobel

de-noun

Hobel m (strong, genitive Hobels, plural Hobel)

Hobels (genitive)
Hobel (plural)
Hobel (nominative singular)
Hobel (definite nominative plural)
Hobels (genitive singular)
Hobel (definite genitive plural)
Hobel (dative singular)
Hobeln (dative definite plural)
Hobel (accusative singular)
Hobel (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German hovel, hobel, hubel, etc., from Old High German hovil, huobil. This is perhaps an early borrowing from Old Saxon because until the 14th century the word was chiefly Low German; compare Middle Low German hōvel. The wide variety of forms may also corroborate this. Related with Hubbel (“bump”), dialectal Hübel (“hill”), Dutch heuvel. It seems uncertain whether the noun Hobel was derived from the verb hobeln or vice versa.

anything that abrades a surface, such as – particularly – a plane, a grater or slicer, a spokeshave, a safety razor


Schraube

Schraube f (genitive Schraube, plural Schrauben, diminutive Schräubchen n)

Schraube (genitive)
Schrauben (plural)
Schräubchen (diminutive neuter)
Schraube (nominative singular)
Schrauben (definite nominative plural)
Schraube (genitive singular)
Schrauben (definite genitive plural)
Schraube (dative singular)
Schrauben (dative definite plural)
Schraube (accusative singular)
Schrauben (accusative definite plural)

→ Esperanto: ŝraŭbo

→ Czech: šroub

→ Hungarian: sróf

→ Macedonian: шраф (šraf)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шра̏ф, ша̀ра̄ф, ша̏ф

Latin script: šrȁf, šàrāf, šȁf

→ Romanian: șurub

desctree

→ Russian: шуру́п (šurúp)
→ Azerbaijani: şurup

→ Ukrainian: шуру́п (šurúp)

From Middle High German schrūbe. The earlier developments seem not to be quite clear; see screw for more.


Leiste

de-noun

Leiste f (genitive Leiste, plural Leisten)

Leiste (genitive)
Leisten (plural)
Leiste (nominative singular)
Leisten (definite nominative plural)
Leiste (genitive singular)
Leisten (definite genitive plural)
Leiste (dative singular)
Leisten (dative definite plural)
Leiste (accusative singular)
Leisten (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German līste, from Old High German līsta, from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ. Doublet of Liste.

(carpentry) lath used as covering or support; skirting board; ledge, ledger


Pflaster

Pflaster n (strong, genitive Pflasters, plural Pflaster)

Pflasters (genitive)
Pflaster (plural)
Pflaster (nominative singular)
Pflaster (definite nominative plural)
Pflasters (genitive singular)
Pflaster (definite genitive plural)
Pflaster (dative singular)
Pflastern (dative definite plural)
Pflaster (accusative singular)
Pflaster (accusative definite plural)

→ Polish: plaster

most speakers in northern and central Germany

From Middle High German pflaster, from Old High German pflastar (“plaster, pavement”), from Proto-West Germanic *plastr.

inh

(archaic) plaster, cement, mortar, a mixture of gypsum, sand and chalk applied to floors


shipbuilding

(uncountable, nautical) The construction of ships.


Schopf

de-noun

Schopf m (strong, genitive Schopfes or Schopfs, plural Schöpfe)

Schopfes (genitive)
Schopfs (genitive)
Schöpfe (plural)
Schopf (nominative singular)
Schöpfe (definite nominative plural)
Schopfes (genitive singular)
Schopfs (genitive singular)
Schöpfe (definite genitive plural)
Schopf (dative singular)
Schopfe (dative singular)
Schöpfen (dative definite plural)
Schopf (accusative singular)
Schöpfe (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German schopf, akin to Old High German scuft, from Proto-West Germanic *skuft, from Proto-Germanic *skuftą.
Akin to Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍆𐍄 (skuft, “hair of the head”), compare English sheaf, scruff, Old Norse skopt (“hair of the head”), skauf (“fox's tail”), North Frisian skuft (“back of the neck of a horse”), Dutch schoft (“withers (of a horse)”).

cog

(hunting jargon) crown (feathers sticking up at the back of a bird's head)


Schindel

de-noun

Schindel f (genitive Schindel, plural Schindeln)

Schindel (genitive)
Schindeln (plural)
Schindel (nominative singular)
Schindeln (definite nominative plural)
Schindel (genitive singular)
Schindeln (definite genitive plural)
Schindel (dative singular)
Schindeln (dative definite plural)
Schindel (accusative singular)
Schindeln (accusative definite plural)

desc

→ Bulgarian: ши́нда (šínda), ши́ндра (šíndra)

→ Czech: šindel

→ Hungarian: zsindely

→ Romanian: șindrilă

→ Macedonian: шиндра (šindra)

→ Ladin: scintla

→ Polish: szyndzioł

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian: ши̑ндра / šȋndra
→ Ottoman Turkish: شندره (şindere, şendere)
Turkish: şendere
→ Romanian: șindră

→ Slovak: šindel

From Middle High German schindel, from Old High German scintula, from Proto-West Germanic *skindulā (“roof-shingle”).


ladrillo

Attested since circa 1300. From Old Spanish ladrillo, from a diminutive form of Latin later. Compare Portuguese ladrilho.

cinco mil ladrillos ben cozidos e de boo barro

1484, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 445:

five thousand bricks, correctly fired and made of good clay