西

ja-noun

西(シャー) • (shā)

Possibly a corruption of Mandarin 西 (xī, “west”).

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of west wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


flower

Unadapted borrowing from English flower.

(mahjong) act of declaring and revealing a flower or season tile and in order drawing a replacement tile


四

ja-pos

四(スー) • (sū)

小四喜

四喜和 (sūshīhō)

大四喜

四喜和 (sūshīhō)


北

ja-noun

北(ペー) • (pē)

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


南

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of south wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


白

白 (canonical)
白 (canonical)
haku (romanization)

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of white dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


東

From Mandarin 東／东 (dōng).
Compare Wu 東／东 (ton), Hakka 東／东 (tûng), Min Nan 東／东 (tong).

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


中

(mahjong) Short for 紅中 (honchun): a red dragon tile

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand combination”) with a meld of red dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


到

遘
告
至
甲
各
格
𢓜
佫
徦
假
臵

(Hokkien, mahjong, playing cards) to complete a winning hand


上

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Ideogram (指事): a line above another (contrast 下 (xià)) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”) (STEDT).
Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin. Pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻 (xiéyùn), i.e. its pronunciation has been artificially changed to preserve rhymes in classical poetry.

cog

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow


吃

Wutunhua: qe

→ Japanese: 吃(チー) (chī)

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound 形聲／形声 (xíngshēng): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).
According to folk etymologies, 乞 in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare 气, which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.

吃得苦中苦，方為人上人／吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

chī de kǔ zhōng kǔ, fāng wéi rén shàng rén


吃

From Mandarin 吃 (chī, literally “to eat”).

(mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, “sequence of three suited tiles”), compare English chow


和

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony.
; “and; with”
; “Japanese”

Han compound

和牌


役

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

(card games, mahjong) hand, scoring combination


栄

Invented for Japanese mahjong by Rin Mokō 林茂光 from such a call from some regions of China, after he found that the usual call in Mandarin 和 (hú) was problematic for Japanese speakers. He adopted the character 栄 as ateji, but later discovered that the original character for this sound was 攏 (lǒng). Nevertheless, the character 栄 remained and was accepted as standard.

(mahjong) Short for 栄和 (ronhō): a win by picking up an opponent's discarded tile


槓

English: kong

Japanese: 槓(カン) (kan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs).


槓

(mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles

(mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong):

for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile

for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn

for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand


山

山 (canonical)
山 (canonical)
yama (romanization)

山に躓かずして垤に躓く

yama ni tsumazukazu shite tetsu ni tsumazuku

From Old Japanese 山 (yama). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Reconstructed as deriving in turn from Proto-Japonic *yama (“mountain; forest”).


河

河 (canonical)
河 (canonical)
hō (romanization)

From Chinese 河 (hé). The pronunciation is most similar to Cantonese /hɔː²¹/, although most Japanese mahjong terminology is taken from early 20th Century Mandarin.

(mahjong) river: a player's discard pile


牌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牌):
* → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
* → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
* → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

desc

→ Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)

→ Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)

→ Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)

→ Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)

→ Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)

→ Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)

→ White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)

→ Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breː, *breː): semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Han compound

打牌

洗牌

我就剩一張牌了！

我就剩一张牌了！

(card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c)


番

→ Japanese: 飜(ハン) (han)

→ Vietnamese: phen

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban): phonetic 釆 () + semantic 田 – "animal's footprint in the field"; Xu Shen interprets both components as the pictogram of an animal footprint. Original form of 蹯 (fán).
According to Tadashi Takada (高田忠周), it's the pictogram of some seeds on the palm of an open hand, which conveys the concept of "spreading". Original form of 播.
Neither Xu Shen nor Tadashi Takada interprets the bottom component as the pictogram of a field.
; “to do in turns; turn; time”
; “anime series”

生番

non-Sinicized ethnic minority, barbarian


碰

→ English: pung, pong

→ Japanese: 碰(ポン) (pon)

→ Tagalog: pong

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並.
Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).


碰

Borrowed from Mandarin 碰 (pèng).
Compare Cantonese 碰 (pung³), Hokkien 碰 (phòng).

(mahjong) a call for a 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) from a discarded tile, compare English pung

双碰

two-side wait pattern, winning tile may form a triplet with one or the other pair


眼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Derived from Etymology 2 (Sagart, 1999). Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


索

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.
糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.
From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


臺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (臺):
* → Japanese: 台(だい) (dai)
* → Korean: 대(臺) (dae)
* → Vietnamese: đài (臺)

Bamboo_and_wooden_slips
Chu_(state)
Han dynasty
Jin (Chinese state)
Oracle bone inscriptions
Qin
Shuowen Jiezi
Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室.
Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声). The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
: Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀.
: Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Jin slips:
:* Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script.
:* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室
:* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.


聽

Originally 𦔻, hence ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare the top component of 聖.
Later, rewritten as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs): phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁 on the right.
The simplified version, 听, is totally unrelated to the original character and it originally means "smiling".
This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982).
Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007).
Derivatives:
* 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”)
* 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”).

och-l

听
聴
聼
𦗟
𦔻
𠯸
𦔽
𦕢
𦕘
𦖆
𦘏
𪢧
听
听
𪢧

(mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win


誅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand


飜

ロン。20符4飜なので、5200です。


鬆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ): semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ).


飛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (飛):
* → Japanese: 飛(ひ) (hi)
* → Korean: 비(飛) (bi)
* → Vietnamese: phi (飛)

Characters in the same phonetic series (飛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): a bird flying upwards.
In its modern form, resembles a tasseled 升 (shēng).
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bjar ~ *p(i/u)r (“to fly”) → Tibetan འཕུར ('phur), Burmese ပျံ (pyam, “to fly”).
* Proto-Mon-Khmer *par (“to fly”) → Old Mon ပဝ် (pɔ); Proto-Vietic *pər (“to fly”), whereas Vietnamese bay.
Cognate with Old Chinese 翂 (*pɯn, “appearance of birds flying slowly”) and Old Chinese 奮 (*pɯns, “spread wings and fly”).
; “fare”
; “femto-”

cog

飞
𠃧
𮨶
𩙱
𦐭
𦒮
飝

(mahjong) Classifier for number of possible winning tiles.


食

Pictogram (象形): a mouth (亼) over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 亼+艮, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is the pictogram 皀 and is similar but unrelated 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ): phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak.

Han compound

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

(Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 食糊 (“to win”).


食

→ Indonesian: ciak

→ Thai: เจี๊ยะ (jía)

Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *tsiaʔ⁸ and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Min *dziak (in Norman's system).
While often considered as the vernacular counterpart to etymology 1, it is unlikely to be related to etymology 1 (Norman, 1991; Klöter, 2005; Fuehrer and Yang, 2014). Schuessler (2007) suggests it derives from 嚼 (“to chew”) (probably based on Norman's unpublished manuscripts).

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍


pong

Borrowed from Hokkien 碰 (phòng). Compare English pung, Japanese 碰(ポン) (pon), Mandarin 碰 (pèng), Cantonese 碰 (pung³).

(mahjong) pung (a set of three identical tiles)


眼睛

/jɛn²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥iŋ⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/niæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥iŋ⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/niæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋan²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ¹/

/nie⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/ŋaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/

/ŋe²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

(mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


chow

Phono-semantic matching of Chinese 吃 (chī, literally “to eat”), influenced by the “food” sense of Etymology 1 above.

psm

(mahjong) A run of three consecutive tiles of the same suit.


chow

en-verb

chow (third-person singular simple present chows, present participle chowing, simple past and past participle chowed)

chows (present singular third-person)
chowing (participle present)
chowed (participle past)
chowed (past)

[…] while the adversary on his right will repeatedly bury in the discard the very tiles he wishes to chow but can't.

2007, Eleanor Noss Whitney, A Mah Jong Handbook: How to Play, Score, and Win, page 154:

(mahjong) To call a discarded tile to produce a chow.


pung

(mahjong) A set of three identical tiles.


麻雀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (麻雀):
* → Korean: 마작(麻雀) (majak, “mahjong”)

Wutunhua: macio

desc

→ Burmese: မာကျောက် (ma-kyauk, “mahjong”)

→ Dutch: matjok (“Surinamese variant of mahjong”)

→ Japanese: 麻(マー)雀(ジャン) (mājan) (orthographic)

→ Vietnamese: mạt chược (“mahjong”)

→ Zhuang: mazcoz (“mahjong”)

/mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʔ⁵/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/ma³⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ²/

/ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/

/mã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³/

/mã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mua²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mo²² t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mo²² t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mɤa³³ t͡sĩ⁵⁵/

/mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʔ⁵/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/ma³⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ²/

/ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/

/mã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³/

/mã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mua²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mo²² t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mo²² t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mɤa³³ t͡sĩ⁵⁵/

Alternative forms: 蔴雀, 麻鵲／麻鹊

(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Eastern Min, Pinghua) mahjong


麻雀

First attested around the late Meiji period.
Borrowed from Mandarin 麻將／麻将 (májiàng).
The kanji form is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 麻雀 (máquè, literally “sparrow”), the original name for the game that is retained in some southern Chinese dialects.


mata

Antonio Pigafetta
Magellan's circumnavigation

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pigafetta

(mahjong) the extra pair of tiles in most winning hands


清一色

ja-r

清一色(チンイーソー) (chin'īsō)

→ Japanese: 清一色(チンイーソー) (chin'īsō)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sek̚⁴⁻² sek̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ it̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sek̚⁴⁻² sek̚²/

(mahjong) a winning hand where all the tiles are of the same suit


清一色

[t͡ɕĩɰ̃iːso̞ː]


あがる

ja-verb

あがる • (agaru) godan (stem あがり (agari), past あがった (agatta))

agaru (romanization)
あがり (stem)
あがった (past)


kong

Borrowed from Cantonese 槓／杠 (gong³ / gung³).

bor+

(mahjong) A set of four identical tiles.


平和

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand in which every meld is a chow, and the pair does not consist of wind or dragon tiles (in Hong Kong mahjong, the pair can consist of wind or dragon tiles)


平和

平和 (canonical)
平和 (canonical)
pinfu (romanization)
pinhō (romanization)

(mahjong) no points hand: a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) that does not have any of the following: triplets, quads, the player's seat wind, the prevailing wind, or dragons; and the winning tile completes a two-sided wait sequence; worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


mah-jong

Via English from Cantonese 麻將／麻将 (maa4 zoeng3)


mahjong

zh-l

麻將／麻将 (májiàng)

A game (originally Chinese) for four players, using a collection of tiles divided into five or six suits.


電視

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (電視):
* → Japanese: 電(でん)視(し) (denshi)
* → Korean: 전시(電視) (jeonsi)

→ Guiqiong: diɐnsi

desc

→ Lü: ᦶᦎᧃᧈᦉᦹᧈ (ṫaen¹ṡue¹)

→ Lü: ᦶᦎᧃᧈᦉᦹᧈ (ṫaen¹ṡue¹)

→ Zhuang: densi

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tiæ̃⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯en⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁴² ɬi²¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² si⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/dɪ²³ zz̩ʷ¹¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tiæ̃⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯en⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛi²⁴²/

/tɛŋ²¹⁻⁴² ɬi²¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² si⁴¹/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/dɪ²³ zz̩ʷ¹¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ sz̩⁴⁵/

(Putian Puxian Min, mahjong) white dragon


sparrow dominoes

calque of Chinese 麻將／麻将 (májiàng) + dominoes.

Even "Mah-Jongg," for example, is called "sparrow dominoes"—and very rightly, since that is what the Chinese word means to the Chinese.

1935, National Council of Teachers of English, Secondary Section, English Journal:


麻將

→ English: mahjong

→ Japanese: 麻(マー)雀(ジャン) (mājan)

/mä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/ma³⁵ ˈt͡ɕiɔŋ³⁵/

/ma¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/

/mo²² t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/

/ma̠¹³ t͡si̯æn⁴⁵/

/ma̠¹³ t͡ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

/mä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/ma³⁵ ˈt͡ɕiɔŋ³⁵/

/ma¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/

/mo²² t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/

/ma̠¹³ t͡si̯æn⁴⁵/

/ma̠¹³ t͡ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

From 麻雀 (máquè, “sparrow”), with a Wu diminutive suffix /ŋ̍/ (syllabic velar nasal), retained in some Wu languages (compare Wenzhounese /ŋ̍/). This suffix then fused with the preceding syllable, and was conserved in the form of a nasal coda /-ŋ/. As an example compare Shanghainese 雀 (old pron.: /t͡ɕia̠ʔ⁵/) + /-ŋ̍/ → 將 /t͡ɕiã⁵³/.
The game of mahjong was called 馬吊／马吊 (mǎdiào) during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where the second syllable presumably represented a Wu pronunciation of 鳥／鸟 (niǎo) ("bird", see there for more).

zh-l

馬吊／马吊 (mǎdiào)


kang

(mahjong) kong (a set of four identical tiles)


白板

→ Japanese: 白板(パイパン) (paipan)

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


白板

Borrowed from Mandarin 白板 (báibǎn, “whiteboard, white tile”).

bor

(mahjong) The white dragon playing-tile, especially as depicted without any markings.


一万

ja-noun

一(イイ)万(ワン) or 一万(イーワン) • (īwan)

一万 (canonical)
一万 (canonical)
īwan (romanization)

Borrowed from Mandarin 一萬／一万 (yīwàn) during the Qing dynasty.

(mahjong) Alternative spelling of 一萬 (“the tile of 1 wan”)


一万

一(イイ)万(マン) or 一万(イーマン) • (īman)

一万 (canonical)
一万 (canonical)
īman (romanization)


MJ

Then when my sister was old enough, my mother taught the three of us how to play MJ [mah-jongg].

2006, Judy Yung, Gordon H. Chang, H. Mark Lai, Chinese American voices: from the gold rush to the present ..., →ISBN, page 283:


條子

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


対面

zh-m

對面／对面 (duìmiàn)


放炮

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ pʰaːu̯³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰau⁴¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰau¹¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰau²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ³³ pʰaːu̯³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰau⁴¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰau²¹/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰau¹¹/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰau²¹/

(mahjong) to discard a tile that another player uses to complete their hand to win


出張

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/


落地

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² tei̯²²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ tɛi²⁴²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tue⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue³³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue²²/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² tei̯²²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ tɛi²⁴²/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛi²⁴²/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tue⁴¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue³³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tue²²/

(Cantonese, mahjong, of a player's tiles) to be revealed by being turned face up


脱衣麻雀

ja-noun

脱衣麻雀(だついマージャン) • (datsui mājan)

脱衣麻雀 (canonical)
datsui mājan (romanization)

Compound of 脱衣 (datsui, “removing clothing, undressing, stripping”) + 麻雀 (mājan, “mahjong”).

compound

(games) strip mahjong, a Japanese tile game based on mahjong, whereby the loser has to remove an item of clothing.

脱衣花札

脱衣花札 だついはなふだ


發財

/fä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/

/fä⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faːt̚³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/


samin

Borrowed from Malay cermin (cf. Tagalog salamin, Ilocano sarming).


ニコニコ

(mahjong, slang) a 役 (yaku, “hand”) of seven pairs, worth 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


単騎

(mahjong) a 待(ま)ち (machi, “wait”) for a single tile


順子

Japanese: 順子 (shuntsu)

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɵn²² t͡siː³⁵/

(poker, mahjong) straight; cards or mahjong tiles in sequence


順子

(mahjong) a run of three connected tiles in a suit (compare English chow)


棺材

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ t͡sʰɛ²⁴/

/kuːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoɪ¹¹/

/kuæ̃¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kuæ̃²⁴ t͡sʰɛ²⁴/

/kuːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoɪ¹¹/

/kuæ̃¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/


国士無双

ja-noun

国(こく)士(し)無(む)双(そう) • (kokushi musō) ^(←こくしむさう (kokusimusau)?)

国士無双 (canonical)
kokushi musō (romanization)
kokusimusau (romanization)
こくしむさう (hiragana historical)

From the Records of the Grand Historian.
Compound of 国士 (kokushi, “patriot, respectable person”) + 無双 (musō, “matchless, unparalleled”).

国士無双十三面待ち

十三面待 じゅうさんめんま

(mahjong) a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand of all thirteen unique 么九牌 (yaochūpai, “terminals and honours”), plus one more of any of those tiles; the same as "thirteen orphans" in Chinese mahjong


花子

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


打牌

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/taː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/taː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


和牌

/xu³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/xu³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong, card games) to win by having a completed hand


不求人

ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄣˊ

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/put̚²⁻⁵ kiu²⁴⁻³³ d͡zin²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/put̚²⁻⁵ kiu²⁴⁻³³ d͡zin²⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kiu²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dancing crane cobra lily (Arisaema heterophyllum)


筒子

→ Japanese: 筒(トン)子(ズ) (tonzu)

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/doŋ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/


筒子

Borrowed from Mandarin 餅子／饼子 (bǐngzi). The kanji form is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 筒子 (tǒngzi). The two Chinese words are synonyms.


wakwak

Onomatopoeic; named after its supposed call.


bulbol

Derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu. Sense 3 is after the Chinese character being likened to pubic hair.


砌磚

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹³ t͡suan⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡syːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹³ t͡suan⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡syːn⁵⁵/

(colloquial, figurative) to play mahjong


drayb

From English drive, from Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), from *dʰer- (“cloudy, dirty, muddy”).

der

(mahjong) to take over a mahjong game; to temporarily replace a player


eskalira

From Spanish escalera, from Old Spanish escalera, from Late Latin scālāria, from Latin scālae (“steps”).

(mahjong) a pure straight hand; a hand of three consecutive chows in the same suit, making a nine-tile straight


𤼵

(mahjong) Short for 緑發 (ryūfā): green dragon (tile)

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a meld of green dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


綠一色

/ly⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/ly⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


緑一色

ja-noun

緑一色(リューイーソー) • (ryūīsō)

[ɾʲɨːiːso̞ː]

Borrowed from Mandarin 綠一色／绿一色 (lǜyīsè).

(mahjong) all green: a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand consisting of 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 of 索子 (sōzu, “bamboo”), and 發/𤼵 (hatsu, “green dragon”) tiles.


字一色

ja-r

字一色(ツーイーソー) (tsūīsō)

→ Japanese: 字一色(ツーイーソー) (tsūīsō)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


字一色

ja-noun

字(ツー)一(イー)色(ソー) • (tsūīsō)

(mahjong) all honours: a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand that consists of only 風牌 (kazehai, “wind tiles”) and 三元牌 (sangenpai, “dragon tiles”)


madyong

Borrowed from English mahjong, from Mandarin 麻將／麻将 (májiàng).

zh-l

麻將／麻将 (májiàng)


過水

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sui⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

(mahjong) to relinquish one's chance of completing a hand


上家

上家 (canonical)
上家 (canonical)
kamicha (romanization)

From 上 (kami, “high, top”) + Chinese 家 (jiā, “-er”).

(mahjong) the opponent on the player's left; player on the left


karnabal

(mahjong) hand consisting of eight pairs


相公

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ g̊ʊŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ g̊ʊŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ koŋ³³/

(mahjong) a hand having more or less tiles than the required number


骨牌

Borrowing from Mandarin 骨牌 (gǔpái, “Chinese-style dominoes”).

bor

(mahjong) mahjong tiles made from animal bone


番子

→ Manchu: ᡶᠠᠨᡯ (fandz)

/fän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/fän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

(Cantonese, mahjong) honor tile; wind tile or dragon tile


人和

Japanese: 人和 (renhō)

/ʐən³⁵ xu³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ xu³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) hand of man, declaring a win by a discarded tile during the first go around of play; one of the limit hands in mahjong

(Singapore, mahjong) hand of man, declaring a win by a discarded tile other than by the dealer during the first go around of play before the player's first turn; one of the limit hands in mahjong


人和

(mahjong) hand of man: win by discard on the first go-around of play; depending on the rules, it can be worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”), 倍満 (baiman), 満貫 (mangan), or any other number of points


floweran

(mahjong) the pile where a replacement tile is drawn after declaring a flower


下家

下家 (canonical)
下家 (canonical)
shimocha (romanization)

From 下 (shimo, “end, low”) + Chinese 家 (jiā, “-er”).

(mahjong) the opponent on the player's right; player on the right


爆棚

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːu̯³³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːu̯³³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to exceed the maximum points for the winning hand


錯和

(mahjong) declaring a win without a legal hand


錯和

錯和する (canonical)
chonbo suru (romanization)
錯和し (stem)
錯和した (past)
錯和し
チョンボし
chonbo shi
錯和する
チョンボする
chonbo suru
錯和すれ
チョンボすれ
chonbo sure
錯和せよ (imperative literary)
錯和しろ (colloquial imperative)
チョンボせよ (imperative literary)
チョンボしろ (colloquial imperative)
chonbo seyo (imperative literary)
chonbo shiro (colloquial imperative)
錯和される (passive)
チョンボされる (passive)
chonbo sareru (passive)
錯和させる (causative)
錯和さす (causative)
チョンボさせる (causative)
チョンボさす (causative)
chonbo saseru (causative)
chonbo sasu (causative)
錯和できる (potential)
チョンボできる (potential)
chonbo dekiru (potential)
錯和しよう (volitional)
チョンボしよう (volitional)
chonbo shiyō (volitional)
錯和しない (negative)
チョンボしない (negative)
chonbo shinai (negative)
錯和せず (continuative negative)
チョンボせず (continuative negative)
chonbo sezu (continuative negative)
錯和します (formal)
チョンボします (formal)
chonbo shimasu (formal)
錯和した (perfective)
チョンボした (perfective)
chonbo shita (perfective)
錯和して (conjunctive)
チョンボして (conjunctive)
chonbo shite (conjunctive)
錯和すれば (conditional hypothetical)
チョンボすれば (conditional hypothetical)
chonbo sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(mahjong) to declare a win without a legal hand


栄和

ja-noun

栄(ロン)和(ホー) or 栄和(ロンホウ) • (ronhō)

栄和 (canonical)
栄和 (canonical)
ronhō (romanization)

(mahjong) a win by picking up an opponent's recently discarded tile


pitpit

(mahjong) the sparrow tile; the one-bamboo tile


四暗刻

→ Japanese: 四暗刻 (sūankō)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(mahjong) a winning hand of four concealed pungs


四暗刻

四(スー)暗(アン)刻(コー) or 四暗刻(スウアンコウ) or 四暗刻(スーアンコウ) • (sūankō)

四暗刻 (canonical)
四暗刻 (canonical)
四暗刻 (canonical)
sūankō (romanization)
スーアンコ (alternative katakana)
sūanko (Rōmaji alternative katakana)

[sɨːã̠ŋko̞ː]

From Mandarin 四暗刻 (sì'ànkè).
Equivalent to 四 (sū, “four”) + 暗刻 (ankō, “concealed triplet”).

com

(mahjong) a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand consisting of four concealed triplets


断么

[tã̠ɰ̃ja̠o̞]

zh-l

斷幺／断幺 (duànyāo)

(mahjong) Short for 断么九 (tan'yaochū): a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) without any terminal or honor tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


大三元

→ Japanese: 大三元 (daisangen)

/tä⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of all three dragon tiles


大三元

大三元 (canonical)
daisangen (romanization)

[da̠isã̠ŋɡẽ̞ɴ]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 大三元 (dàsānyuán)
From 大 (dai-, “big, great”) + 三元 (sangen, clipping of 三元牌 (sangenpai), “dragon tiles”).

prefix

clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">三元牌</i> (sangenpai), “dragon tiles”

(mahjong) a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand with melds of all three dragon tiles


断么九

ja-noun

断么九(タンヤオチュー) or 断么九(タンヤオチュウ) • (tan'yaochū)

断么九 (canonical)
断么九 (canonical)
tan'yaochū (romanization)

[tã̠ɰ̃ja̠o̞t͡ɕɨː]

Probably from 断(タン) (tan, “sever, cut off”) + 么(ヤオ)九(チュー)牌(パイ) (yaochūpai, “terminal and honour tiles”).
The pronunciation is borrowed from Mandarin 斷幺九／断幺九 (duànyāojiǔ).

ja-compound

(mahjong) all simples: a 役 (yaku, “hand”) that has 2-8 of any of the three main suits, lacking any 么九牌 (yaochūpai, “terminal and honour tiles”), worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


立直

From Mandarin 立直 (lìzhí).
Compare English reach.

(mahjong) a 役(やく) (yaku, “hand”) won by declaring the hand to be 聴(てん)牌(ぱい) (tenpai, “ready”), waiting for one more tile to win; can potentially also score 一(いっ)発(ぱつ) (ippatsu) and 裏(うら)ドラ (uradora)


小三元

→ Japanese: 小三元 (shōsangen)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of two dragon tiles and a pair of the third dragon tile


小三元

小三元 (canonical)
shōsangen (romanization)

[ɕo̞ːsã̠ŋɡẽ̞ɴ]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 小三元 (xiǎosānyuán).
Can be analyzed as derived from 小 (shō-, “little, small”) + 三元 (sangen, clipping of 三元牌 (sangenpai), “dragon tiles”).

prefix

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “hand”) with melds of two dragon tiles and a pair of the third, worth 2 翻 (han, “doubles”); along with an additional 2 翻 (han) from the 役牌 (yakuhai, “honour meld”) of said two dragon tiles, a combined total of 4 翻 (han)


三元牌

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


三元牌

ja-noun

三(さん)元(げん)牌(パイ) or 三元牌(サンユアンパイ) • (sangenpai or san'yuanpai)

三元牌 (canonical)
三元牌 (canonical)
sangenpai (romanization)
san'yuanpai (romanization)

[sã̠ŋɡẽ̞mpa̠i]

[sã̠ɰ̃jɯ̟ã̠mpa̠i]

From 三元 (sangen, “three fundamentals”) + 牌 (pai, “mahjong tile”).
Alternatively, a direct borrowing from Mandarin 三元牌 (sānyuánpái).

com

(mahjong) generic name of the three dragon tiles:

白(パイ)板(パン) (paipan) or 白(はく) (haku, “white dragon”)

緑(リュー)發(ファー) (ryūfā) or 𤼵(はつ) (hatsu, “green dragon”)

紅(ホン)中(チュン) (honchun) or 中(チュン) (chun, “red dragon”)


テンパる

ja-verb

テンパる • (tenparu) intransitive godan (stem テンパり (tenpari), past テンパった (tenpatta))

tenparu (romanization)
テンパり (stem)
テンパった (past)
テンパら
tenpara
テンパり
tenpari
テンパる
tenparu
テンパれ
tenpare
テンパられる (passive)
tenparareru (passive)
テンパらせる (causative)
テンパらす (causative)
tenparaseru (causative)
tenparasu (causative)
テンパれる (potential)
tenpareru (potential)
テンパろう (volitional)
tenparō (volitional)
テンパらない (negative)
tenparanai (negative)
テンパらず (continuative negative)
tenparazu (continuative negative)
テンパります (formal)
tenparimasu (formal)
テンパった (perfective)
tenpatta (perfective)
テンパって (conjunctive)
tenpatte (conjunctive)
テンパれば (conditional hypothetical)
tenpareba (conditional hypothetical)

[tẽ̞mpa̠ɾɯ̟]

From 聴(テン)牌(パイ) (tenpai, “ready hand”) + る (-ru, verb modifier).

ja-compound

三巡目でテンパる

(mahjong) to become tenpai; to become one tile away from completion


搬磚

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵/

/pæ̃¹¹ t͡suæ̃¹¹/

/pũã³³⁻²³ t͡sɯŋ³³/

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵/

/pæ̃¹¹ t͡suæ̃¹¹/

/pũã³³⁻²³ t͡sɯŋ³³/


bintos

(mahjong) the flower, season, wind and dragon tiles collectively


hinol

(mahjong) to attempt to guess a drawn tile by feeling the suit and value using the middle finger


siyete pares

(mahjong) a hand consisting of seven pairs and a triple


sagasa

(mahjong) an instance of drawing the fourth tile of one's pung


大餅

/tä⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/

/tä⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/


南風

/nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/

/nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁵³³/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/

/nø²² foŋ³³/

/nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/

/nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁵³³/

/naŋ¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mui⁵³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

/nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/

/nø²² foŋ³³/


萬字

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/


門前清

→ Japanese: 門前清 (menzenchin)

ㄇㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) concealed hand; winning hand for which no sets have been melded


門前清

門前清 (canonical)
menzenchin (romanization)

(mahjong) having one's hand completely concealed; not having called any tiles


開檯

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese) to set up the table for mahjong; to play mahjong


自摸

→ Japanese: 自摸 (tsūmō → tsumo)

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² mɔː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ²²⁻²¹ mɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː²² mɔː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ²²⁻²¹ mɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² moʔ⁴⁴/

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

put-kiàn hoat-châi âng-tiong pe̍h-pán thia̍p chò-hóe, hō͘ lâng hái-té kàng-téng chū-bong tan-tiàu pe̍h-phôe

不見發財紅中白板疊作伙 乎人海底槓頂自摸單調白皮

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

不见发财红中白板叠作伙 乎人海底杠顶自摸单调白皮


自摸

Shift from tsūmō (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the more-common reading, likely due to the rise of mahjong video games during the later half of the 20th century.

(mahjong) self-drawing the winning tile; also, a call for such a win

(mahjong, colloquial) Short for 門前清自摸和 (menzenchin tsumohō): a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) of self-draw and all closed melds, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


自摸

ja-noun

自(ツー)摸(モー) • (tsūmō)


搓麻將

ㄘㄨㄛ ㄇㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰo⁴⁴ mo²² t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵ mo³³ t͡ɕiã²¹/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰo⁴⁴ mo²² t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵ mo³³ t͡ɕiã²¹/


刻子

Japanese: 刻子 (kōtsu)

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


刻子

(mahjong) a set of three identical tiles, three of a kind, triplet (compare English pung)


役満

[ja̠kɯ̟mã̠ɴ]

(mahjong) a win by counting over twelve 飜 (han), or worth four times of a 満貫 (mangan): 48,000 points if the winning player is on the East (dealer) side or 32,000 points otherwise


役満貫

役満貫 (canonical)
yaku-mangan (romanization)

[ja̠kɯ̟mã̠ŋɡã̠ɴ]

From 役 (yaku, “scoring combination”) + 満貫 (mangan, “win of 8,000/12,000 points”).

com

(mahjong) a winning hand using special rules; worth 48,000 points if the winning player is on the East (dealer) side or 32,000 points otherwise


満貫

(mahjong) a win by counting five 飜 (han), or three/four han with the required number of 符 (fu); worth 12,000 points if the winning player is on the East (dealer) side or 8,000 points otherwise


滿貫

→ Japanese: 満貫 (mangan)

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵¹/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵¹/


餅子

→ Japanese: 筒(ピン)子(ズ) (pinzu)

/piŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/pɛːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/piŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/pɛːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


白皮

/paɪ̯³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰe²⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ pʰe²⁴/

(mahjong) Alternative name for 白板 (báibǎn, “white dragon”).


槓子

Japanese: 槓子 (kantsu)

/kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/


槓子

(mahjong) a set of four identical tiles, compare English kong, four of a kind


ゴールデンゲートブリッジ

ja-pos

ゴールデン ゲート ブリッジ

(by extension, mahjong) 金門橋: a local-rule hand containing four 順子 (shuntsu) of 1-2-3, 3-4-5, 5-6-7, and 7-8-9 of a suit, worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)


現物

[ɡẽ̞mbɯ̟t͡sɨ]

(mahjong) tile that is discarded by other players


食糊

/sɪk̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɪk̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to win by having a completed hand


叫糊

/kiːu̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kiːu̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to be one tile away from completing a hand


碰碰和

/pʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɤŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/pʰɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰɤŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

(mahjong) a hand in which every meld is either a pung or a kong


十三幺

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚⁴³⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² io⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚⁴³⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴⁻²² io⁴⁴/

(mahjong) Thirteen Orphans (a mahjong hand)


箭牌

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/


紅中

→ Japanese: 紅中(ホンチュン) (honchun)

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/


紅中

ja-noun

紅(ホン)中(チュン) or 紅中(フォンチュン) • (honchun or fonchun)

紅中 (canonical)
紅中 (canonical)
honchun (romanization)
fonchun (romanization)

[hõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕɨ̃ɴ]


聽牌

→ Japanese: 聴牌(テンパイ) (tenpai)

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) to be one tile away from completing a hand


風牌

→ Japanese: 風牌 (fonpai)

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/


風牌

風(フォン)牌(パイ) or 風(かぜ)牌(はい) • (fonpai or kazehai)

風牌 (canonical)
風牌 (canonical)
fonpai (romanization)
kazehai (romanization)


將牌

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) eye; two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


補牌

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(mahjong) to draw a replacement tile from the dead wall after drawing a flower tile or declaring a kong


字牌

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


字牌

字(じ)牌(はい) or 字(ツー)牌(パイ) • (jihai or tsūpai)

字牌 (canonical)
字牌 (canonical)
jihai (romanization)
tsūpai (romanization)


萬子

→ Japanese: 萬(ワン)子(ズ) (wanzu), 萬(マン)子(ズ) (manzu)

→ Korean: 완쯔 (wanjjeu)

/wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

(mahjong) character tile (Classifier: 張／张)


出銃

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard a tile that another player uses to complete their hand to win


索子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (索子):
* → Korean: 삭자(索子) (sakja)

→ Japanese: 索(ソー)子(ズ) (sōzu)

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/sɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɔʔ⁵ t͡sz̩²/


索子

索子 (canonical)
索子 (canonical)
sōzu (romanization)


混一色

ja-r

混一色(ホンイーソー) (hon'īsō)

→ Japanese: 混一色(ホンイーソー) (hon'īsō)

/xu̯ən⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/xu̯ən⁵¹ i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² jɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

(mahjong) half flush; a winning hand composed of only honor tiles and tiles of a single suit


混一色

[hõ̞ɰ̃iːso̞ː]


地和

Japanese: 地和 (chīhō)

/tei̯²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tei̯²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Mainland China, Taiwan, mahjong) earthly hand; a winning hand drawn by a non-dealer during the first go around of a game

(Hong Kong, Singapore, mahjong) earthly hand; a winning hand completed with the dealer's first discarded tile


地和

ja-noun

地(チー)和(ホー) • (chīhō)

(mahjong) earthly hand: a winning hand drawn by a non-dealer during the first go around of a game, worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)


門清

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) concealed hand; winning hand for which no sets have been melded


天和

Japanese: 天和 (tenhō)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

(mahjong) heavenly hand; a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game


天和

(mahjong) heavenly hand: a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game, worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)


打麻雀

ㄉㄚˇ ㄇㄚˊ ㄑㄩㄝˋ

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

da² ma⁴ zêg³⁻²

/taː³⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³/

/taː³⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/taː³⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³/

/taː³⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/


打麻將

ㄉㄚˇ ㄇㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ

ㄉㄚˇ ㄇㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ta⁵³ ma²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/taː³⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ ma³⁵ ˈt͡ɕiɔŋ³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/ta⁵³ ma²¹ t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/

/taː³⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːŋ³³/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ ma³⁵ ˈt͡ɕiɔŋ³⁵/


攻打四方城

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ taː³⁵ sei̯³³ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ taː³⁵ sei̯³³ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/


學習144號文件

⁸ghoq-zhiq ⁷iq-paq ⁵sy-zeq-sy-ghau ⁶ven-ji

ghoh^入 zhih ih^入 pah sy^去 zeh sy ghau ven^去 ji

⁵hhoq-xxiq ⁴iq-paq ²sr-zeq-sr-hhau ³ven-jji

/ɦoʔ¹¹ ʑiɪʔ³³ iɪʔ³³ paʔ³³ sz̩³³ zəʔ⁵⁵ sz̩³³ ɦɔ³³ vən²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

From the 144 tiles in a set of mahjong tiles.

(Shanghainese, humorous) to play mahjong


截胡

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) to win from a discard and invalidate other players' winning hands due to priority rules


砌牆

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiɒ̃¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiɒ̃¹¹/


拍麻雀

/pʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² mua²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² ba²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ mã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/pʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² mua²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² ba²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ mã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ mã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiak̚³²/


七対子

七対子 (canonical)
chītoitsu (romanization)

From Mandarin 七對子／七对子 (qīduìzi).
Equivalent to 七 (chī, “seven”) + 対子 (toitsu, “pair”).

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “hand”) of seven pairs, worth 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


搓麻雀

/t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵ maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/


砌長城

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹ t͡sʰən²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹ t͡sʰən²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴ zã²² zən⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹ t͡sʰən²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹ t͡sʰən²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴ zã²² zən⁴⁴/

(dialectal, intransitive, figurative) to play mahjong


madżong

madżong (nominative singular)
madżonga (genitive singular)
madżongowi (dative singular)
madżong (accusative singular)
madżongiem (instrumental singular)
madżongu (locative singular)
madżongu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English mahjong, from Cantonese 麻將／麻将 (maa4 zoeng3).


雀士

Compound from 雀(ジャン) (jan, “mahjong”) + 士(し) (shi, “person”).


九蓮寶燈

→ Japanese: 九蓮宝燈 (chūrenpōton)

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄠˇ ㄉㄥ

цзюляньбаодэн

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) Nine Gates; a winning hand with tiles in the form of 1112345678999 and any one tile of the same suit without melding

(mahjong) Pure Nine Gates; a winning hand formed by a player having collected tiles in the exact form of 1112345678999 of the same suit without melding, and completing with any one tile of that suit


小四喜

→ Japanese: 小四喜 (shaosūshī)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of three wind tiles and a pair of the fourth wind tile


小四喜

ja-noun

小(しょう)四(スー)喜(シー) or 小四喜(シャオスーシー) • (shōsūshī or shaosūshī)

小四喜 (canonical)
小四喜 (canonical)
shōsūshī (romanization)
shaosūshī (romanization)

[ɕo̞ːsɨːɕiː]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 小四喜, derived from 小 (shō-, “little”) + 四喜和 (sūshīhō, “win with melds of all four wind tiles”).

prefix

(mahjong) a winning hand with triplets (or quads) of three wind tiles and a pair of the fourth, worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)


雞糊

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a no-point winning hand


雞糊

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to declare a winning hand without any points


大四喜

→ Japanese: 大四喜 (dāsūshī)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻²¹ su²¹⁻⁴¹ hi⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ su¹¹⁻⁵³ hi⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si²¹⁻⁴² hi⁴²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua³³⁻²¹ su²¹⁻⁴¹ hi⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ su¹¹⁻⁵³ hi⁵³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ si²¹⁻⁴² hi⁴²/

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

âng-tiong í sêng khàm, ah tōa-sù-hí àm-kàng

紅中已成崁 啊大四喜暗槓

2011, 蔡秋鳳, 問韓信

红中已成崁 啊大四喜暗杠

(mahjong) a winning hand with melds of all four wind tiles


大四喜

ja-noun

大(だい)四(スー)喜(シー) or 大(ダー)四(スー)喜(シー) • (daisūshī or dāsūshī)

大四喜 (canonical)
大四喜 (canonical)
daisūshī (romanization)
dāsūshī (romanization)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 大四喜, derived from 大 (dai-, “big, great”) + 四喜和 (sūshīhō, “win with melds of all four wind tiles”).
Also attested in some dictionaries as a direct borrowing from Mandarin 大四喜 (dàsìxǐ).

prefix

(mahjong) a winning hand with triplets or quads of all four wind tiles, worth double 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)


十八羅漢

ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² paːt̚³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

; "(mahjong) winning hand containing four kongs"

(mahjong) a winning hand containing four kongs


流局

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʊk̚²/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʊk̚²/

(mahjong, of a hand) to end without anyone completing their own hand and winning; to draw


流局

[ɾʲɨːkʲo̞kɯ̟]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 流局 (liújú)

obor

(mahjong, of a hand) ending without anyone completing their own hand and winning; drawing


流局

流局する (canonical)
ryūkyoku suru (romanization)
流局し (stem)
流局した (past)
流局し
りゅうきょくし
ryūkyoku shi
流局する
りゅうきょくする
ryūkyoku suru
流局すれ
りゅうきょくすれ
ryūkyoku sure
流局せよ (imperative literary)
流局しろ (colloquial imperative)
りゅうきょくせよ (imperative literary)
りゅうきょくしろ (colloquial imperative)
ryūkyoku seyo (imperative literary)
ryūkyoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
流局される (passive)
りゅうきょくされる (passive)
ryūkyoku sareru (passive)
流局させる (causative)
流局さす (causative)
りゅうきょくさせる (causative)
りゅうきょくさす (causative)
ryūkyoku saseru (causative)
ryūkyoku sasu (causative)
流局できる (potential)
りゅうきょくできる (potential)
ryūkyoku dekiru (potential)
流局しよう (volitional)
りゅうきょくしよう (volitional)
ryūkyoku shiyō (volitional)
流局しない (negative)
りゅうきょくしない (negative)
ryūkyoku shinai (negative)
流局せず (continuative negative)
りゅうきょくせず (continuative negative)
ryūkyoku sezu (continuative negative)
流局します (formal)
りゅうきょくします (formal)
ryūkyoku shimasu (formal)
流局した (perfective)
りゅうきょくした (perfective)
ryūkyoku shita (perfective)
流局して (conjunctive)
りゅうきょくして (conjunctive)
ryūkyoku shite (conjunctive)
流局すれば (conditional hypothetical)
りゅうきょくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
ryūkyoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɾʲɨːkʲo̞kɯ̟]


四槓子

→ Japanese: 四槓子(スーカンツ) (sūkantsu)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sei̯³³ kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sei̯³³ kɔːŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

(mahjong) winning hand containing four kongs


嚦咕嚦咕

/lɪk̚⁵ kuː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵ kuː²¹/

/lɪk̚⁵ kuː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵ kuː²¹/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand comprising seven pairs


半色

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

(Singapore, mahjong) half flush; a winning hand composed of only honor tiles and tiles of a single suit


多牌

(mahjong) long hand (illegal hand containing too many tiles)


細相公

/sue¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sue²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


少牌

(mahjong) short hand (illegal hand containing too few tiles)


大相公

ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


聴牌

(mahjong) being one tile away from completing a hand


聴牌

聴牌する (canonical)
tenpai suru (romanization)
聴牌し (stem)
聴牌した (past)
聴牌し
テンパイし
tenpai shi
聴牌する
テンパイする
tenpai suru
聴牌すれ
テンパイすれ
tenpai sure
聴牌せよ (imperative literary)
聴牌しろ (colloquial imperative)
テンパイせよ (imperative literary)
テンパイしろ (colloquial imperative)
tenpai seyo (imperative literary)
tenpai shiro (colloquial imperative)
聴牌される (passive)
テンパイされる (passive)
tenpai sareru (passive)
聴牌させる (causative)
聴牌さす (causative)
テンパイさせる (causative)
テンパイさす (causative)
tenpai saseru (causative)
tenpai sasu (causative)
聴牌できる (potential)
テンパイできる (potential)
tenpai dekiru (potential)
聴牌しよう (volitional)
テンパイしよう (volitional)
tenpai shiyō (volitional)
聴牌しない (negative)
テンパイしない (negative)
tenpai shinai (negative)
聴牌せず (continuative negative)
テンパイせず (continuative negative)
tenpai sezu (continuative negative)
聴牌します (formal)
テンパイします (formal)
tenpai shimasu (formal)
聴牌した (perfective)
テンパイした (perfective)
tenpai shita (perfective)
聴牌して (conjunctive)
テンパイして (conjunctive)
tenpai shite (conjunctive)
聴牌すれば (conditional hypothetical)
テンパイすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tenpai sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(mahjong) to be one tile away from completing a hand


小相公

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sœːŋ³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


暗槓

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/


暗槓

→ Japanese: 暗槓(アンカン) (ankan)

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɐm³³ kɔːŋ³³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ¹¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ²¹/

/am²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ²¹³/


暗槓

zh-l

暗槓／暗杠 (àngàng)


暗槓

暗槓する (canonical)
ankan suru (romanization)
暗槓し (stem)
暗槓した (past)
暗槓し
アンカンし
ankan shi
暗槓する
アンカンする
ankan suru
暗槓すれ
アンカンすれ
ankan sure
暗槓せよ (imperative literary)
暗槓しろ (colloquial imperative)
アンカンせよ (imperative literary)
アンカンしろ (colloquial imperative)
ankan seyo (imperative literary)
ankan shiro (colloquial imperative)
暗槓される (passive)
アンカンされる (passive)
ankan sareru (passive)
暗槓させる (causative)
暗槓さす (causative)
アンカンさせる (causative)
アンカンさす (causative)
ankan saseru (causative)
ankan sasu (causative)
暗槓できる (potential)
アンカンできる (potential)
ankan dekiru (potential)
暗槓しよう (volitional)
アンカンしよう (volitional)
ankan shiyō (volitional)
暗槓しない (negative)
アンカンしない (negative)
ankan shinai (negative)
暗槓せず (continuative negative)
アンカンせず (continuative negative)
ankan sezu (continuative negative)
暗槓します (formal)
アンカンします (formal)
ankan shimasu (formal)
暗槓した (perfective)
アンカンした (perfective)
ankan shita (perfective)
暗槓して (conjunctive)
アンカンして (conjunctive)
ankan shite (conjunctive)
暗槓すれば (conditional hypothetical)
アンカンすれば (conditional hypothetical)
ankan sureba (conditional hypothetical)

暗槓／暗杠 (àngàng)


七對子

→ Japanese: 七対子 (chītoitsu)

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ tɵy̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

(mahjong) a winning hand comprising seven pairs


屁和

(mahjong) to declare a win without any points


詐和

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) declaring a win without a legal winning hand


詐和

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(mahjong) to declare a win without a legal winning hand


緑發

ja-noun

緑(リュー)發(ファー) or 緑發(リューファ) • (ryūfā or ryūfa)

緑發 (canonical)
緑發 (canonical)
ryūfā (romanization)
ryūfa (romanization)

From Mandarin 綠發 (lǜfā, literally “green-striking”).


連荘

[ɾẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕã̠ɴ]

(mahjong) the retainment of the east or 親 (oya, “dealer”) position after a win


連莊

→ Japanese: 連荘 (renchan)

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(mahjong, of a dealer) to retain the dealer position for the next round after a win


和了

和了(ホーラ) • (hōra)


單吊

/tän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(mahjong) to be awaiting the second tile in a pair to complete the hand


和了る

ja-verb

和了(あが)る • (agaru) godan (stem 和了(あが)り (agari), past 和了(あが)った (agatta))

和了る (canonical)
agaru (romanization)
和了り (stem)
和了った (past)
和了ら
あがら
agara
和了り
あがり
agari
和了る
あがる
agaru
和了れ
あがれ
agare
和了られる (passive)
あがられる (passive)
agarareru (passive)
和了らせる (causative)
和了らす (causative)
あがらせる (causative)
あがらす (causative)
agaraseru (causative)
agarasu (causative)
和了れる (potential)
あがれる (potential)
agareru (potential)
和了ろう (volitional)
あがろう (volitional)
agarō (volitional)
和了らない (negative)
あがらない (negative)
agaranai (negative)
和了らず (continuative negative)
あがらず (continuative negative)
agarazu (continuative negative)
和了ります (formal)
あがります (formal)
agarimasu (formal)
和了った (perfective)
あがった (perfective)
agatta (perfective)
和了って (conjunctive)
あがって (conjunctive)
agatte (conjunctive)
和了れば (conditional hypothetical)
あがれば (conditional hypothetical)
agareba (conditional hypothetical)


明槓

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/


明槓

→ Japanese: 明槓(ミンカン) (minkan)

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/

/miŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³³/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ²¹³/


明槓

明槓する (canonical)
minkan suru (romanization)
明槓し (stem)
明槓した (past)
明槓し
ミンカンし
minkan shi
明槓する
ミンカンする
minkan suru
明槓すれ
ミンカンすれ
minkan sure
明槓せよ (imperative literary)
明槓しろ (colloquial imperative)
ミンカンせよ (imperative literary)
ミンカンしろ (colloquial imperative)
minkan seyo (imperative literary)
minkan shiro (colloquial imperative)
明槓される (passive)
ミンカンされる (passive)
minkan sareru (passive)
明槓させる (causative)
明槓さす (causative)
ミンカンさせる (causative)
ミンカンさす (causative)
minkan saseru (causative)
minkan sasu (causative)
明槓できる (potential)
ミンカンできる (potential)
minkan dekiru (potential)
明槓しよう (volitional)
ミンカンしよう (volitional)
minkan shiyō (volitional)
明槓しない (negative)
ミンカンしない (negative)
minkan shinai (negative)
明槓せず (continuative negative)
ミンカンせず (continuative negative)
minkan sezu (continuative negative)
明槓します (formal)
ミンカンします (formal)
minkan shimasu (formal)
明槓した (perfective)
ミンカンした (perfective)
minkan shita (perfective)
明槓して (conjunctive)
ミンカンして (conjunctive)
minkan shite (conjunctive)
明槓すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ミンカンすれば (conditional hypothetical)
minkan sureba (conditional hypothetical)


暗咬

/am²¹⁻⁴² ka²²/

/am²¹⁻⁴² ka²²/

(Singapore, mahjong) when the player collects either the cat and mouse tiles, the rooster and centipede tiles, or both flower tiles corresponding to the player's seat wind


嶺上開花

ja-noun

嶺(リン)上(シャン)開(カイ)花(ホー) or 嶺上開花(リンシャンカイホウ) • (rinshan kaihō)

嶺上開花 (canonical)
嶺上開花 (canonical)
rinshan kaihō (romanization)

[ɾʲĩɰ̃ɕa̠ŋ ka̠iho̞ː]

Literally “flower blooming on the ridge”. Compare Chinese 槓上開花／杠上开花 (gàngshàng kāihuā).

(mahjong) drawing the winning tile off the dead wall after declaring a 槓 (kan, “kong”), worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


槓上開花

ㄍㄤˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚ

ганшан кайхуа

/kɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

(mahjong) drawing the winning tile off the dead wall after declaring a kong

嶺上開花

嶺上開花 リンシャンカイホウ


赤牌

(mahjong) red tile; unique to Japanese mahjong and used to score bonus points


摸牌

/mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔː³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


青發

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/


補花

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

(mahjong) to draw a replacement tile off the dead wall after drawing a flower tile


九子連環

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ liːn²¹ waːn²¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ liːn²¹ waːn²¹/

(mahjong, Cantonese) Nine Gates; a winning hand with tiles in the form of 1112345678999 and any one tile of the same suit without melding

(mahjong, Cantonese) Pure Nine Gates; a winning hand formed by a player having collected tiles in the exact form of 1112345678999 of the same suit without melding, and completing with any one tile of that suit


槍槓

[t͡ɕã̠ŋkã̠ɴ]

(mahjong) to rob the kong; to rob the fourth tile that a player with a melded pong draws and declares a kong with, in order to complete one's hand and win


海底摸月

海底摸月 (canonical)
haiteimōyue (romanization)

(mahjong) completing a winning hand by drawing the final tile before reaching the dead wall


搶槓

→ Japanese: 槍槓(チャンカン) (chankan)

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³³/


対々和

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) in which every meld consists of at least an open 刻子 (kōtsu, “pung”), worth 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


對對和

Japanese: 対々和 (toitoihō)

ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨˊ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

dêu³ dêu³ wu⁴⁻²

/tɵy̯³³ tɵy̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tui²¹⁻⁴² tui²¹⁻⁴² ɔ²⁴/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tɵy̯³³ tɵy̯³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/tui²¹⁻⁴² tui²¹⁻⁴² ɔ²⁴/

(mahjong) a hand in which every meld is either a pung or a kong


九蓮宝燈

九(チュー)蓮(レン)宝(ポー)燈(トン) or 九(チュウ)蓮(レン)宝(ポウ)燈(トウ) • (chūrenpōton or chūrenpōtō)

九蓮宝燈 (canonical)
九蓮宝燈 (canonical)
chūrenpōton (romanization)
chūrenpōtō (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨːɾẽ̞mpo̞ːtõ̞ɴ]

[t͡ɕɨːɾẽ̞mpo̞ːto̞ː]

From Mandarin 九蓮寶燈／九莲宝灯 (jiǔliánbǎodēng).

and get

(mahjong) Nine Gates; a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand with tiles in the form of 1112345678999 and any one tile of the same suit without melding

and get any one of the circle tiles.

(mahjong) Pure Nine Gates; a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand collecting tiles in the exact form of 1112345678999 of the same suit without melding, and completing with any one tile of that suit


花牌

→ Japanese: 花牌 (fapai)

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/


花牌

花(ファ)牌(パイ) or 花(はな)牌(はい) • (fapai or hanahai)

花牌 (canonical)
花牌 (canonical)
fapai (romanization)
hanahai (romanization)

(mahjong) flower tile (included in mahjong sets, but not used in Japanese mahjong gameplay)


河底撈魚

→ Japanese: 河底撈魚 (hōtei raoyui)

ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩˊ

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/

(mahjong) winning off the final discard before reaching the dead wall


河底撈魚

河底撈魚(ホーテイラオユイ) or 河(ホウ)底(テイ)撈(ラオ)魚(ユイ) • (hōtei raoyui)

河底撈魚 (canonical)
河底撈魚 (canonical)
hōtei raoyui (romanization)

zh-l

河底撈魚 (hédǐ lāo yú)

(mahjong) winning off the final discard before reaching the dead wall, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


海底撈月

→ Japanese: 海底撈月 (haitei raoyue)

scooping up the moon[’s reflection] from the seabed

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄧˇ ㄌㄠ ㄩㄝˋ

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ tõĩ⁵² lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueʔ⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵ laːu̯²¹ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ tõĩ⁵² lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueʔ⁴/

(mahjong) to complete a winning hand by drawing the final tile before reaching the dead wall


海底撈月

海底撈月 (canonical)
haitei raoyue (romanization)

(mahjong) completing a winning hand by drawing the final tile before reaching the dead wall, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


清幺九

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːu̯⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

(mahjong) winning hand in which every tile is either a one or a nine


花糊

/faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand with seven of the eight flower tiles


大花糊

/taːi̯²² faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/taːi̯²² faː⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) winning hand composed of the eight flower tiles


坎坎糊

/kʰaːn³⁵ kʰaːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰaːn³⁵ kʰaːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand in which all four melds are concealed pungs


ダブル立直

ダブル立直 (canonical)
daburu rīchi (romanization)

From ダブル (daburu, “double”) + 立直 (rīchi, “ready hand (or a call for such)”).

com

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning condition”) for declaring a ready hand on the first go-around of play, worth 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


八仙過海

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄞˇ

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ siːn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke²¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ siːn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke²¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ siɛn⁴⁴ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

(mahjong) winning hand composed of the eight flower tiles


一臺花

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) a winning hand with also all four of the four season tiles or all four of the Four Gentlemen tiles


加槓

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵¹/

(mahjong) to make a melded kong by self-drawing the fourth tile after having declared a melded pong


安全牌

ja-noun

安全牌(あんぜんパイ) • (anzenpai) ^(←あんぜんパイ (anzenpai)?)

安全牌 (canonical)
anzenpai (romanization)
あんぜんパイ (hiragana historical)

(mahjong) a tile that one can safely discard, as it cannot become an opponent's advantage


一点読み

一点読み (canonical)
itten-yomi (romanization)

(mahjong) determining what tile would complete an opponent's hand


卡窿

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) the (usually missing) middle tile in a chow


三色雪糕

(Hong Kong, mahjong, slang) opening hand approximately equally split between the three suits


混對

/wɐn²² tɵy̯³³/

/wɐn²² tɵy̯³³/

(Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 混一色對對和／混一色对对和.

Short for 混一色對對和／混一色对对和.


清對

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɵy̯³³/

(Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 清一色對對和／清一色对对和.

Short for 清一色對對和／清一色对对和.


生章

/saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that has not yet been discarded


熟章

/sʊk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that has been discarded but has not become 絕章


鬆章

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles leniently to the other player, allowing them to improve the hand


絕章

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) mahjong tile that all four tiles has either been discarded or exposed in a meld, such that it is no longer available for a player to form hands by obtaining such tile


絕章

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syːt̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong, causative) to have a mahjong tile becoming such


長考

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly chess, card games, mahjong) to consider for a long time


食詐糊

/sɪk̚² t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɪk̚² t͡saː³³ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, mahjong) to declare a win without a legal winning hand


三缺一

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰyːt̚³ jɐt̚⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰyːt̚³ jɐt̚⁵/

(mahjong) There are already three players; one more player is needed for a game. (Mahjong is a game for four people)


牌仔

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/pai²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pai²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

(Hokkien, mahjong, dominoes, gambling) mahjong tile; domino tile (or other similar tile games)


大七星

大(ダイ)七(チー)星(シン) or 大(だい)七(しち)星(せい) or 大(だい)七(ち)星(せい) • (daichīshin or daishichisei or daichisei)

大七星 (canonical)
大七星 (canonical)
大七星 (canonical)
daichīshin (romanization)
daishichisei (romanization)
daichisei (romanization)

(mahjong) a local double 役(やく)満(まん) (yakuman, “limit”) found in some rulesets, formed by seven pairs of all honor tiles; a combination of 字(ツー)一(イー)色(ソー) (tsūīsō, “all honors”) and 七(チー)対(トイ)子(ツ) (chītoitsu, “seven pairs”).


チャンタ

Clipping of 全帯么 (chantaiyao), itself short for 混全帯么九 (honchantaiyaochū). Ultimately from Mandarin, like most mahjong terminology.

(mahjong) “common ends”; a 役 (yaku, “hand”) where all four groups in it, plus its pair, have at least one 么九牌 (yaochū-hai, “terminal or honor tile”); also translated in English as outside hand or half outside hand.


嵌張

デジタル大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉#電子版

(mahjong) a wait pattern where the middle tile is needed to fulfill a chow


清老頭

→ Japanese: 清老頭 (chinrōtō)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(mahjong) Alternative form of 清幺九 (qīngyāojiǔ)


清老頭

[t͡ɕĩn̺ɾo̞ːto̞ː]

Borrowed from Mandarin Chinese 清老頭／清老头 (qīnglǎotóu). Surface analysis 清 (chin-, “pure”) + 老頭 (rōtō), clipping of 老頭牌 (rōtōhai, rōtōpai, “terminal tiles”).

An example of 清老頭:

(mahjong) a 役満 (yakuman, “limit”) hand with melds of all three terminal tiles


宣言牌

宣言牌 (canonical)
sengenpai (romanization)

(mahjong) tile used to declare 立直(リーチ) (rīchi), is turned sideways in the discard pile


待ち

(mahjong) wait; the set of tiles that would advance or complete a hand


跳満

(mahjong) a win by counting six to seven 飜 (han), or 1.5 times of a 満貫 (mangan); 18,000 points if the winning player is on the East (dealer) side or 12,000 points otherwise


倍満

(mahjong) a win by counting eight to ten 飜 (han), or two times of a 満貫 (mangan); 24,000 points if the winning player is on the East (dealer) side or 16,000 points otherwise


三倍満

三倍満 (canonical)
sanbaiman (romanization)

(mahjong) a win by counting eleven to twelve 飜 (han), or three times of a 満貫 (mangan); 36,000 points if the winning player is on the East (dealer) side or 24,000 points otherwise


ドラ

(mahjong) value tiles that score additional 飜(はん) (han, “doubles”) in a winning hand, indicated by a special tile opened in the 王(ワン)牌(パイ) (wanpai, “dead wall”)


裏ドラ

裏(うら) (ura, “rear”) + ドラ (dora, “value tile”)

ja-compound

(mahjong) additional ドラ (dora, “value tile”) potentially awarded to a hand won by 立(リー)直(チ) (rīchi), determined by revealing the tile beneath the dora indicator tile in the 王(ワン)牌(パイ) (wanpai, “dead wall”)