absorber

A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(nuclear physics) A material that absorbs neutrons in a reactor.


absorption

en-noun

absorption (countable and uncountable, plural absorptions)

First attested in 1597. From Latin absorptiō (“a sucking in”), from absorbeō (“absorb”). Morphologically absorb + -tion.

اِسْتِيعَاب

act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything

абсо́рбция

act or process of being absorbed and made to disappear

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) The retaining of electrical energy for a short time after it has been introduced to the dielectric.

dielektrisk absorpsjon

the retaining of electrical energy for a short time after it has been introduced to the dielectric


absorbent

absorbenten (definite singular)
absorbenter (indefinite plural)
absorbentene (definite plural)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «absorbent».ogg

From English absorbent, from Latin absorbēns (“swallowing, absorbing”), present active participle of absorbeō (“absorb”), from both ab- (“from, away from, off”), from ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”), + and from sorbeō (“I suck in, drink up”), from Proto-Italic *sorβeō (“to suck in”), from Proto-Indo-European *srobʰéyeti (“to be sipping, sucking”), from *srebʰ- (“to sip, gulp, suck (in)”) and *-éyeti, from *-yeti (creates transitive imperfective verbs).

der

absorbenter eller reflektorer på vegger eller i tak

absorbents or reflectors on walls or ceilings

an absorbent or absorber (something which absorbs)


dollar

→ Burmese: ဒေါ်လာ (daula)

→ Catalan: dòlar

→ Chinese: 刀 (dāo) (colloquial)

→ Czech: dolar

→ Danish: dollar

desctree

→ Dutch: dollar
→ Indonesian: dolar
→ Japanese: ドル (doru)

→ Faroese: dollari

→ French: dollar
→ Romanian: dolar (along with English dollar)

→ German: Dollar

→ Greek: δολάριο (dolário)

→ Hausa: dala

→ Hawaiian: kālā

→ Hebrew: דולר (dolar)

→ Irish: dollar

→ Italian: dollaro

→ Khmer: ដុល្លារ (dŏlléar)

→ Korean: 달러 (dalleo)

→ Latvian: dolārs

→ Lithuanian: doleris

→ Macedonian: долар (dolar)

→ Maori: tāra

→ Nepali: डलर (ḍalar)

→ Norwegian: dollar

→ Papiamentu: dòlò

→ Persian: دلار (dolâr)

→ Polish: dolar
→ Kashubian: dolar

→ Portuguese: dólar

→ Romanian: dolar (along with French dollar)

→ Russian: доллар (dollar)

→ Samoan: tālā
→ English: tala

→ Spanish: dólar

→ Sranan Tongo: dala

→ Swahili: dola

→ Swedish: dollar

→ Thai: ดอลลาร์ (dɔn-lâa)

→ Tokelauan: tālā

→ Ukrainian: долар (dolar)

→ Welsh: doler

→ Yiddish: דאָלאַר (dolar)

→ Yoruba: dọ́là

Attested since the mid-16th century, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally “of Joachimstal”, the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic). Ultimately from Joachim + Tal (“valley”). Possibly reinforced by the Dutch leeuwendaalder, which was also used in the American colonies. Cognate to Danish daler. Doublet of taler.

cog

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

(nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to the interval between delayed criticality and prompt criticality.


star

Sranan Tongo: stari
Aukan: sitali

→ Finnish: stara

→ French: star

→ German: Star

→ Italian: star

→ Swahili: staa

From Middle English sterre, from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Doublet of aster, stella, étoile, and estoile.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots starn, ster, North Frisian steer, West Frisian stjer, Saterland Frisian Stiern, Dutch ster, Luxembourgish Stär, German Stern, Yiddish שטערן (shtern), Vilamovian śtaom, Swedish stjärna, Norwegian stjerne, Icelandic stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), Spanish estrella, Portuguese estrela, Italian stella, Romanian stea, Occitan estela, Venetan stéła, Sicilian stidda, Sardinian isteddu, Mirandese streilha, Walloon sitoele, Romansch staila, Megleno-Romanian steau̯ă, Istriot stila, Istro-Romanian ste, Latin stēlla, Greek αστέρι (astéri), Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre), Tajik ситора (sitora), Pashto ستوری (storay), Mazanderani اساره (ëssâre), Northern Kurdish stêr, Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre), Zazaki astare, Ossetian стъалы (st’aly), Hindi तारा (tārā), Urdu تارا (tārā), Punjabi ਤਾਰਾ (tārā), Gujarati તારો (tāro), Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

аеҵǝа

a celestial body appearing as a point of light on the clear night sky, whose position is relatively fixed with respect to each other

(astronomy) A spheroid of plasma with sufficient gravity to fuse hydrogen or heavier elements into heavier elements still. Depending on context the Sun may or may not be included.

نَجْم

(astronomy) a luminous celestial body made of plasma

A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding in the air, presents a starlike appearance.


banana

en-noun

banana (countable and uncountable, plural bananas)

Borrowed from Portuguese banana or Spanish banana, derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region. Specific derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.
The racial slur derives from the notion that they are "Yellow (East-Asian) on the outside, White (Westernized) on the inside".

banánový (corresponding to English attributive use)

(corresponding to English attributive use) banánový

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of East or Southeast Asian descent, considered to be overly assimilated and subservient to white authority.

banana equivalent dose
banana equivalent dose

(nuclear physics) A banana equivalent dose.

(computer science, colloquial) A catamorphism (from the use of banana brackets in the notation).


DU

University of Denver
w:University of Denver


NS

(Malaysia) Initialism of Negeri Sembilan


gray

Named after English physicist Louis Harold Gray (1905–1965).

named-after

Coordinate term: rad

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy


depleted uranium

Uranium that contains a reduced (depleted) amount of the fissile isotope U-235 compared to natural uranium; it is used in applications where the nuclear properties of the uranium are not important, and the uranium is instead being used for its mechanical or chemical properties.


activity

en-noun

activity (countable and uncountable, plural activities)

From Middle French activité, from Latin activitas. Equivalent to active + -ity.

(physics) The number of radioactive decays per unit time. Unit for it: becquerel or curie


reactor

It limits the rights of nonweapon countries to develop an export business in civilian reactor technology.

1972, Robert L Pfaltzgraff, Politics and the international system:

(nuclear physics) A device which uses atomic energy to produce heat.


unbound

Helium-2 is unbound, as it is energetically favorable for it to split into two separate protons.

(nuclear physics, of an atomic nucleus) Lying beyond the proton or neutron drip line; having a negative particle separation energy; capable of decaying by the spontaneous exothermic emission of one or more nucleons.


shed

From Middle English sched, schede, schad, from a combination of Old English scēada (“a parting of the hair, top of the head”) and Old English ġesċēad (“distinction, reason”).

der

(physics) A unit of area equivalent to 10⁻⁵² square meters; used in nuclear physics


shake

en-noun

shake (countable and uncountable, plural shakes)

From Middle English schaken, from Old English sċeacan, sċacan (“to shake”), from Proto-West Germanic *skakan, from Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, swing, escape”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keg-, *(s)kek- (“to jump, move”).
Cognate with Scots schake, schack (“to shake”), West Frisian schaekje (“to shake”), Dutch schaken (“to elope, make clean, shake”), Low German schaken (“to move, shift, push, shake”) and schacken (“to shake, shock”), Old Norse skaka (“to shaka”), Norwegian Nynorsk skaka (“to shake”), Swedish skaka (“to shake”), Danish skage (“to shake”), Dutch schokken (“to shake, shock”), Russian скака́ть (skakátʹ, “to jump”). More at shock.

cog

Most of the fission energy was released in the last few generations, so if the device blew itself apart before about fifty-seven shakes had elapsed, […]

2003, Ruth H. Howes, Caroline L. Herzenberg, Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project (page 97)

(historical, nuclear physics) An informal unit of time equal to 10 nanoseconds.


neutronium

From neutron + -ium. Coined by scientist Andreas von Antropoff in 1926 (before the discovery of the neutron in 1931; neutrons had been predicted to exist in 1920).

(physics) A material composed entirely of neutrons.


neutron star

(astronomy) A degenerate star that has been so collapsed by gravity that its electrons and protons have been merged into neutrons by the intense pressure. The solid mass of neutrons is sometimes called neutronium.


neutron

From neutral + -on; by surface analysis, neutr(o)- + -on. Coined by Scottish-Australian physicist William Sutherland in 1899 in a paper in the Philosophical Magazine. Subsequent usage was sporadic and theoretical, sometimes referring to neutrinos rather than neutrons, and the modern sense was reintroduced alongside proton by Ernest Rutherford in 1920.

coin

Holonyms: nucleus, < atom

Comeronyms: proton, p, electron, e

(physics) A subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge; it is a combination of an up quark and two down quarks.

Ernest Rutherford
Philosophical Magazine
neutron


neutron

neutron (nominative singular)
neutrony (nominative plural)
neutronu (genitive singular)
neutronów (genitive plural)
neutronowi (dative singular)
neutronom (dative plural)
neutron (accusative singular)
neutrony (accusative plural)
neutronem (instrumental singular)
neutronami (instrumental plural)
neutronie (locative singular)
neutronach (locative plural)
neutronie (singular vocative)
neutrony (plural vocative)


proton

From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton), neuter of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).
(physics): Coined by New Zealand-British scientist Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in analogy with electron (1891), and with an additional intention of honoring English chemist William Prout. Analyzable as proto- + -on
(anatomy): (1893); a translation of German Anlage (“fundamental thing”) based on Aristotle’s phrase he prote ousia to proton.

Holonyms: nucleus, < atom

Comeronyms: neutron, n, electron, e

The dance of the electrons about the prota, each electron and each proton consisting of a series of waves occupying the whole of the limited universe and obeying the laws of nature as they pass, is known to all.

1931, C[harles] G[eorge] Crump, The Red King Dreams, 1946 - 1948, 24 Russell Square: Faber & Faber Limited, page 302:

(physics) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.

The atomic nucleus of protium (hydrogen-1)


salt

en-verb

salt (third-person singular simple present salts, present participle salting, simple past and past participle salted)

salts (present singular third-person)
salting (participle present)
salted (participle past)
salted (past)

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salt, from Old English sealt, from Proto-West Germanic *salt, from Proto-Germanic *saltą, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Doublet of sal, ultimately from Latin sāl (“salt”), which it superseded as the general term for "salt".

The composition of the fallout can also be changed by "salting" the weapon to be detonated. This consists in the inclusion of significant quantities of certain elements, possibly enriched in specific isotopes, for the purpose of producing induced radioactivity. There are several reasons why a weapon might be salted.

1964, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, page 417:

To insert or inject something into an object to give it properties it would not naturally have.

(transitive) To add certain chemical elements to (a nuclear or conventional weapon) so that it generates more radiation.


氡

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 冬.
Borrowed from English radon.


PET

en-noun

PET (countable and uncountable, plural PETs)

The name of the computer (sense 4) derives from the 1970s pet rock fad; the acronym was invented afterwards.

(countable, genetics) Acronym of paired-end tag.


fast

en-adj

fast (comparative faster, superlative fastest)

faster (comparative)
fastest (superlative)

slow

antonym(s) of “occurring or happening within a short time”

From Middle English fast, fest, from Old English fæst (“firm, secure”), from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
The development of “rapid” from an original sense of “secure” apparently happened first in the adverb and then transferred to the adjective; compare hard in expressions like “to run hard”. The original sense of “secure, firm” is now slightly archaic, but retained in the related fasten (“make secure”). Also compare close meaning change from Latin rapiō (“to snatch”) to Latin rapidus (“rapid, quick”), from Irish sciob (“to snatch”) to Irish sciobtha (“quick”).

алас

moving or capable of moving with great speed

masalusu

velocity of a flowing liquid in a body of water

don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly

Plutonium-240 has a much higher fission cross-section for fast neutrons than for thermal neutrons.

Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid.

(nuclear physics, of a neutron) Having a kinetic energy between 1 million and 20 million electron volts; often used to describe the energy state of free neutrons at the moment of their release by a nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reaction (i.e., before the neutrons have been slowed down by anything).


atomic number

(physics, chemistry) The number of protons in an atom. Symbol: Z

заря́довое число́

а́томного ядра́

поря́дковый но́мер

хими́ческого элеме́нта


protactinium

A chemical element (symbol Pa) with atomic number 91: a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal.


actinium

en-noun

actinium (usually uncountable, plural actiniums)

Borrowed from French actinium. actin- + -ium.

A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.


thorium

thorium (usually uncountable, plural thoriums)

A chemical element (symbol Th) with atomic number 90: a weakly radioactive, malleable, moderately hard silvery metal that tarnishes black when exposed to air.


americium

americium (usually uncountable, plural americiums)

/ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/

From Americ(as) + -ium, by analogy with europium.

The chemical element (symbol Am) with an atomic number of 95.


americium

americium (indefinite nominative singular)


uranium

uranium (countable and uncountable, plural uraniums)

The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U: a radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.


californium

From California + -ium. The element was first synthesized at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory), thus named after the university and the U.S. state of California.

A strongly radioactive and highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cf) with an atomic number of 98.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
californium


californium

californium (indefinite nominative singular)


nobelium

a transuranic chemical element (symbol No) with an atomic number of 102.


nobelium

Grundstoffet nobelium findes ikke i naturen; vi må selv fremstille det.

2006, Bogen Om Grundstofferne, Gyldendal Uddannelse, →ISBN, page 214:

Kommissionen havde i 1963 været lidt for rask til at godkende navnet nobelium for grundstof nr. ...


nobelium

nobelium (nominative singular)
nobeliumit (nominative plural)
nobelium (accusative nominative singular)
nobeliumit (accusative nominative plural)
nobeliumin (accusative genitive singular)
nobeliumit (accusative genitive plural)
nobeliumin (genitive singular)
nobeliumien (genitive plural)
nobeliumia (partitive singular)
nobeliumeja (partitive plural)
nobeliumissa (inessive singular)
nobeliumeissa (inessive plural)
nobeliumista (elative singular)
nobeliumeista (elative plural)
nobeliumiin (illative singular)
nobeliumeihin (illative plural)
nobeliumilla (adessive singular)
nobeliumeilla (adessive plural)
nobeliumilta (ablative singular)
nobeliumeilta (ablative plural)
nobeliumille (allative singular)
nobeliumeille (allative plural)
nobeliumina (essive singular)
nobeliumeina (essive plural)
nobeliumiksi (singular translative)
nobeliumeiksi (plural translative)
nobeliumitta (abessive singular)
nobeliumeitta (abessive plural)
nobeliumein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
nobeliumini (nominative singular)
nobeliumini (nominative plural)
nobeliumini (accusative nominative singular)
nobeliumini (accusative nominative plural)
nobeliumini (accusative genitive singular)
nobeliumini (accusative genitive plural)
nobeliumini (genitive singular)
nobeliumieni (genitive plural)
nobeliumiani (partitive singular)
nobeliumejani (partitive plural)
nobeliumissani (inessive singular)
nobeliumeissani (inessive plural)
nobeliumistani (elative singular)
nobeliumeistani (elative plural)
nobeliumiini (illative singular)
nobeliumeihini (illative plural)
nobeliumillani (adessive singular)
nobeliumeillani (adessive plural)
nobeliumiltani (ablative singular)
nobeliumeiltani (ablative plural)
nobeliumilleni (allative singular)
nobeliumeilleni (allative plural)
nobeliuminani (essive singular)
nobeliumeinani (essive plural)
nobeliumikseni (singular translative)
nobeliumeikseni (plural translative)
nobeliumittani (abessive singular)
nobeliumeittani (abessive plural)
nobeliumeineni (comitative plural)
nobeliumisi (nominative singular)
nobeliumisi (nominative plural)
nobeliumisi (accusative nominative singular)
nobeliumisi (accusative nominative plural)
nobeliumisi (accusative genitive singular)
nobeliumisi (accusative genitive plural)
nobeliumisi (genitive singular)
nobeliumiesi (genitive plural)
nobeliumiasi (partitive singular)
nobeliumejasi (partitive plural)
nobeliumissasi (inessive singular)
nobeliumeissasi (inessive plural)
nobeliumistasi (elative singular)
nobeliumeistasi (elative plural)
nobeliumiisi (illative singular)
nobeliumeihisi (illative plural)
nobeliumillasi (adessive singular)
nobeliumeillasi (adessive plural)
nobeliumiltasi (ablative singular)
nobeliumeiltasi (ablative plural)
nobeliumillesi (allative singular)
nobeliumeillesi (allative plural)
nobeliuminasi (essive singular)
nobeliumeinasi (essive plural)
nobeliumiksesi (singular translative)
nobeliumeiksesi (plural translative)
nobeliumittasi (abessive singular)
nobeliumeittasi (abessive plural)
nobeliumeinesi (comitative plural)
nobeliumimme (nominative singular)
nobeliumimme (nominative plural)
nobeliumimme (accusative nominative singular)
nobeliumimme (accusative nominative plural)
nobeliumimme (accusative genitive singular)
nobeliumimme (accusative genitive plural)
nobeliumimme (genitive singular)
nobeliumiemme (genitive plural)
nobeliumiamme (partitive singular)
nobeliumejamme (partitive plural)
nobeliumissamme (inessive singular)
nobeliumeissamme (inessive plural)
nobeliumistamme (elative singular)
nobeliumeistamme (elative plural)
nobeliumiimme (illative singular)
nobeliumeihimme (illative plural)
nobeliumillamme (adessive singular)
nobeliumeillamme (adessive plural)
nobeliumiltamme (ablative singular)
nobeliumeiltamme (ablative plural)
nobeliumillemme (allative singular)
nobeliumeillemme (allative plural)
nobeliuminamme (essive singular)
nobeliumeinamme (essive plural)
nobeliumiksemme (singular translative)
nobeliumeiksemme (plural translative)
nobeliumittamme (abessive singular)
nobeliumeittamme (abessive plural)
nobeliumeinemme (comitative plural)
nobeliuminne (nominative singular)
nobeliuminne (nominative plural)
nobeliuminne (accusative nominative singular)
nobeliuminne (accusative nominative plural)
nobeliuminne (accusative genitive singular)
nobeliuminne (accusative genitive plural)
nobeliuminne (genitive singular)
nobeliumienne (genitive plural)
nobeliumianne (partitive singular)
nobeliumejanne (partitive plural)
nobeliumissanne (inessive singular)
nobeliumeissanne (inessive plural)
nobeliumistanne (elative singular)
nobeliumeistanne (elative plural)
nobeliumiinne (illative singular)
nobeliumeihinne (illative plural)
nobeliumillanne (adessive singular)
nobeliumeillanne (adessive plural)
nobeliumiltanne (ablative singular)
nobeliumeiltanne (ablative plural)
nobeliumillenne (allative singular)
nobeliumeillenne (allative plural)
nobeliuminanne (essive singular)
nobeliumeinanne (essive plural)
nobeliumiksenne (singular translative)
nobeliumeiksenne (plural translative)
nobeliumittanne (abessive singular)
nobeliumeittanne (abessive plural)
nobeliumeinenne (comitative plural)
nobeliuminsa (nominative singular)
nobeliuminsa (nominative plural)
nobeliuminsa (accusative nominative singular)
nobeliuminsa (accusative nominative plural)
nobeliuminsa (accusative genitive singular)
nobeliuminsa (accusative genitive plural)
nobeliuminsa (genitive singular)
nobeliumiensa (genitive plural)
nobeliumiaan (partitive singular)
nobeliumiansa (partitive singular)
nobeliumejaan (partitive plural)
nobeliumejansa (partitive plural)
nobeliumissaan (inessive singular)
nobeliumissansa (inessive singular)
nobeliumeissaan (inessive plural)
nobeliumeissansa (inessive plural)
nobeliumistaan (elative singular)
nobeliumistansa (elative singular)
nobeliumeistaan (elative plural)
nobeliumeistansa (elative plural)
nobeliumiinsa (illative singular)
nobeliumeihinsa (illative plural)
nobeliumillaan (adessive singular)
nobeliumillansa (adessive singular)
nobeliumeillaan (adessive plural)
nobeliumeillansa (adessive plural)
nobeliumiltaan (ablative singular)
nobeliumiltansa (ablative singular)
nobeliumeiltaan (ablative plural)
nobeliumeiltansa (ablative plural)
nobeliumilleen (allative singular)
nobeliumillensa (allative singular)
nobeliumeilleen (allative plural)
nobeliumeillensa (allative plural)
nobeliuminaan (essive singular)
nobeliuminansa (essive singular)
nobeliumeinaan (essive plural)
nobeliumeinansa (essive plural)
nobeliumikseen (singular translative)
nobeliumiksensa (singular translative)
nobeliumeikseen (plural translative)
nobeliumeiksensa (plural translative)
nobeliumittaan (abessive singular)
nobeliumittansa (abessive singular)
nobeliumeittaan (abessive plural)
nobeliumeittansa (abessive plural)
nobeliumeineen (comitative plural)
nobeliumeinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English nobelium).


nobelium

la-noun

nōbēlium n (genitive nōbēliī); second declension

nōbēlium (canonical neuter)
nōbēliī (genitive)
nōbēlium (nominative singular)
nōbēlia (nominative plural)
nōbēliī (genitive singular)
nōbēliōrum (genitive plural)
nōbēliō (dative singular)
nōbēliīs (dative plural)
nōbēlium (accusative singular)
nōbēlia (accusative plural)
nōbēliō (ablative singular)
nōbēliīs (ablative plural)
nōbēlium (singular vocative)
nōbēlia (plural vocative)


nobelium

sk-noun

nobelium n (related adjective nobeliový)

nobeliový (adjective)
nobelium (nominative singular-only)
nobelia (genitive singular-only)
nobeliu (dative singular-only)
nobelium (accusative singular-only)
nobeliu (locative singular-only)
nobeliom (instrumental singular-only)


nobelium

nobelium (indefinite nominative singular)


curium

From Curie + -ium; named after Pierre and Marie Curie.

A highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cm) with an atomic number of 96.


lawrencium

From Lawrence + -ium; named for Ernest Lawrence.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Lr, formerly Lw) with atomic number 103.


lawrencium

lawrencium (nominative singular)
lawrencia (nominative plural)
lawrencia (genitive singular)
lawrencií (genitive plural)
lawrenciu (dative singular)
lawrenciím (dative plural)
lawrencium (accusative singular)
lawrencia (accusative plural)
lawrencium (singular vocative)
lawrencia (plural vocative)
lawrenciu (locative singular)
lawrenciích (locative plural)
lawrenciem (instrumental singular)
lawrencii (instrumental plural)


lawrencium

lawrencium (nominative singular)
lawrenciumit (nominative plural)
lawrencium (accusative nominative singular)
lawrenciumit (accusative nominative plural)
lawrenciumin (accusative genitive singular)
lawrenciumit (accusative genitive plural)
lawrenciumin (genitive singular)
lawrenciumien (genitive plural)
lawrenciumia (partitive singular)
lawrenciumeja (partitive plural)
lawrenciumissa (inessive singular)
lawrenciumeissa (inessive plural)
lawrenciumista (elative singular)
lawrenciumeista (elative plural)
lawrenciumiin (illative singular)
lawrenciumeihin (illative plural)
lawrenciumilla (adessive singular)
lawrenciumeilla (adessive plural)
lawrenciumilta (ablative singular)
lawrenciumeilta (ablative plural)
lawrenciumille (allative singular)
lawrenciumeille (allative plural)
lawrenciumina (essive singular)
lawrenciumeina (essive plural)
lawrenciumiksi (singular translative)
lawrenciumeiksi (plural translative)
lawrenciumitta (abessive singular)
lawrenciumeitta (abessive plural)
lawrenciumein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
lawrenciumini (nominative singular)
lawrenciumini (nominative plural)
lawrenciumini (accusative nominative singular)
lawrenciumini (accusative nominative plural)
lawrenciumini (accusative genitive singular)
lawrenciumini (accusative genitive plural)
lawrenciumini (genitive singular)
lawrenciumieni (genitive plural)
lawrenciumiani (partitive singular)
lawrenciumejani (partitive plural)
lawrenciumissani (inessive singular)
lawrenciumeissani (inessive plural)
lawrenciumistani (elative singular)
lawrenciumeistani (elative plural)
lawrenciumiini (illative singular)
lawrenciumeihini (illative plural)
lawrenciumillani (adessive singular)
lawrenciumeillani (adessive plural)
lawrenciumiltani (ablative singular)
lawrenciumeiltani (ablative plural)
lawrenciumilleni (allative singular)
lawrenciumeilleni (allative plural)
lawrenciuminani (essive singular)
lawrenciumeinani (essive plural)
lawrenciumikseni (singular translative)
lawrenciumeikseni (plural translative)
lawrenciumittani (abessive singular)
lawrenciumeittani (abessive plural)
lawrenciumeineni (comitative plural)
lawrenciumisi (nominative singular)
lawrenciumisi (nominative plural)
lawrenciumisi (accusative nominative singular)
lawrenciumisi (accusative nominative plural)
lawrenciumisi (accusative genitive singular)
lawrenciumisi (accusative genitive plural)
lawrenciumisi (genitive singular)
lawrenciumiesi (genitive plural)
lawrenciumiasi (partitive singular)
lawrenciumejasi (partitive plural)
lawrenciumissasi (inessive singular)
lawrenciumeissasi (inessive plural)
lawrenciumistasi (elative singular)
lawrenciumeistasi (elative plural)
lawrenciumiisi (illative singular)
lawrenciumeihisi (illative plural)
lawrenciumillasi (adessive singular)
lawrenciumeillasi (adessive plural)
lawrenciumiltasi (ablative singular)
lawrenciumeiltasi (ablative plural)
lawrenciumillesi (allative singular)
lawrenciumeillesi (allative plural)
lawrenciuminasi (essive singular)
lawrenciumeinasi (essive plural)
lawrenciumiksesi (singular translative)
lawrenciumeiksesi (plural translative)
lawrenciumittasi (abessive singular)
lawrenciumeittasi (abessive plural)
lawrenciumeinesi (comitative plural)
lawrenciumimme (nominative singular)
lawrenciumimme (nominative plural)
lawrenciumimme (accusative nominative singular)
lawrenciumimme (accusative nominative plural)
lawrenciumimme (accusative genitive singular)
lawrenciumimme (accusative genitive plural)
lawrenciumimme (genitive singular)
lawrenciumiemme (genitive plural)
lawrenciumiamme (partitive singular)
lawrenciumejamme (partitive plural)
lawrenciumissamme (inessive singular)
lawrenciumeissamme (inessive plural)
lawrenciumistamme (elative singular)
lawrenciumeistamme (elative plural)
lawrenciumiimme (illative singular)
lawrenciumeihimme (illative plural)
lawrenciumillamme (adessive singular)
lawrenciumeillamme (adessive plural)
lawrenciumiltamme (ablative singular)
lawrenciumeiltamme (ablative plural)
lawrenciumillemme (allative singular)
lawrenciumeillemme (allative plural)
lawrenciuminamme (essive singular)
lawrenciumeinamme (essive plural)
lawrenciumiksemme (singular translative)
lawrenciumeiksemme (plural translative)
lawrenciumittamme (abessive singular)
lawrenciumeittamme (abessive plural)
lawrenciumeinemme (comitative plural)
lawrenciuminne (nominative singular)
lawrenciuminne (nominative plural)
lawrenciuminne (accusative nominative singular)
lawrenciuminne (accusative nominative plural)
lawrenciuminne (accusative genitive singular)
lawrenciuminne (accusative genitive plural)
lawrenciuminne (genitive singular)
lawrenciumienne (genitive plural)
lawrenciumianne (partitive singular)
lawrenciumejanne (partitive plural)
lawrenciumissanne (inessive singular)
lawrenciumeissanne (inessive plural)
lawrenciumistanne (elative singular)
lawrenciumeistanne (elative plural)
lawrenciumiinne (illative singular)
lawrenciumeihinne (illative plural)
lawrenciumillanne (adessive singular)
lawrenciumeillanne (adessive plural)
lawrenciumiltanne (ablative singular)
lawrenciumeiltanne (ablative plural)
lawrenciumillenne (allative singular)
lawrenciumeillenne (allative plural)
lawrenciuminanne (essive singular)
lawrenciumeinanne (essive plural)
lawrenciumiksenne (singular translative)
lawrenciumeiksenne (plural translative)
lawrenciumittanne (abessive singular)
lawrenciumeittanne (abessive plural)
lawrenciumeinenne (comitative plural)
lawrenciuminsa (nominative singular)
lawrenciuminsa (nominative plural)
lawrenciuminsa (accusative nominative singular)
lawrenciuminsa (accusative nominative plural)
lawrenciuminsa (accusative genitive singular)
lawrenciuminsa (accusative genitive plural)
lawrenciuminsa (genitive singular)
lawrenciumiensa (genitive plural)
lawrenciumiaan (partitive singular)
lawrenciumiansa (partitive singular)
lawrenciumejaan (partitive plural)
lawrenciumejansa (partitive plural)
lawrenciumissaan (inessive singular)
lawrenciumissansa (inessive singular)
lawrenciumeissaan (inessive plural)
lawrenciumeissansa (inessive plural)
lawrenciumistaan (elative singular)
lawrenciumistansa (elative singular)
lawrenciumeistaan (elative plural)
lawrenciumeistansa (elative plural)
lawrenciumiinsa (illative singular)
lawrenciumeihinsa (illative plural)
lawrenciumillaan (adessive singular)
lawrenciumillansa (adessive singular)
lawrenciumeillaan (adessive plural)
lawrenciumeillansa (adessive plural)
lawrenciumiltaan (ablative singular)
lawrenciumiltansa (ablative singular)
lawrenciumeiltaan (ablative plural)
lawrenciumeiltansa (ablative plural)
lawrenciumilleen (allative singular)
lawrenciumillensa (allative singular)
lawrenciumeilleen (allative plural)
lawrenciumeillensa (allative plural)
lawrenciuminaan (essive singular)
lawrenciuminansa (essive singular)
lawrenciumeinaan (essive plural)
lawrenciumeinansa (essive plural)
lawrenciumikseen (singular translative)
lawrenciumiksensa (singular translative)
lawrenciumeikseen (plural translative)
lawrenciumeiksensa (plural translative)
lawrenciumittaan (abessive singular)
lawrenciumittansa (abessive singular)
lawrenciumeittaan (abessive plural)
lawrenciumeittansa (abessive plural)
lawrenciumeineen (comitative plural)
lawrenciumeinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English lawrencium).


lawrencium

la-noun

lawrencium n (genitive lawrenciī); second declension

lawrenciī (genitive)
lawrencium (nominative singular)
lawrencia (nominative plural)
lawrenciī (genitive singular)
lawrenciōrum (genitive plural)
lawrenciō (dative singular)
lawrenciīs (dative plural)
lawrencium (accusative singular)
lawrencia (accusative plural)
lawrenciō (ablative singular)
lawrenciīs (ablative plural)
lawrencium (singular vocative)
lawrencia (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪äu̯ˈrɛŋkiʊ̃ˑ]


lawrencium

sk-noun

lawrencium n (genitive singular lawrencia, declension pattern of mesto)

lawrencia (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)
lawrencium (nominative singular-only)
lawrencia (genitive singular-only)
lawrenciu (dative singular-only)
lawrencium (accusative singular-only)
lawrenciu (locative singular-only)
lawrenciom (instrumental singular-only)


lawrencium

lawrencium (indefinite nominative singular)


mendelevium

From Mendeleev + -ium; named after the scientist Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table. The same name was proposed, but rejected, for the earlier-discovered elements berkelium and erbium.

(chemistry) A transuranic chemical element (symbol Md, formerly Mv) with atomic number 101.


mendelevium

mendelevium n (genitive singular mendelevia, declension pattern of mesto)

mendelevia (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)
mendelevium (nominative singular-only)
mendelevia (genitive singular-only)
mendeleviu (dative singular-only)
mendelevium (accusative singular-only)
mendeleviu (locative singular-only)
mendeleviom (instrumental singular-only)


mendelevium

mendelevium (indefinite nominative singular)


berkelium

After Berkeley, California, because of discovery at UC Berkeley, + -ium.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bk) with an atomic number of 97.


berkelium

berkelium (indefinite nominative singular)


neptunium

From Neptune + -ium, after the planet. The previous element is uranium, named after the previous planet: Uranus.

The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 93 and symbol Np.


neptunium

neptunium (indefinite nominative singular)


fermium

From Fermi + -ium; named for Enrico Fermi.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Fm) with an atomic number of 100.


fermium

fermium (indefinite nominative singular)

From New Latin fermium, named after atomic physicist Enrico Fermi. For the surname see Fermi.


einsteinium

From Einstein + -ium. Named after Albert Einstein.

Einsteinium, the 99th element of the periodic table, was discovered in the fallout of the first hydrogen bomb, detonated by the United States in the Marshall Islands on November 1, 1952.

2021 February 3, Becky Ferreira, “Scientists Just Studied a Dangerous Element Discovered in a 50s Nuke Test”, in VICE:

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Es) with atomic number 99: a soft, silvery, paramagnetic metal.


einsteinium

einsteinium (indefinite nominative singular)


plutonium

en-noun

plutonium (usually uncountable, plural plutoniums)

After Pluto (the entity formerly considered to be a planet) + -ium.

For 75 years, it has fulfilled a wide range of roles: producing weapons-grade plutonium for early atomic weapons in the aftermath of the Second World War; the world's first commercial nuclear power station supplying electricity to the National Grid; reprocessing and storage of nuclear fuel; and the processing of lower grades of radioactive waste for off-site storage.

2023 December 27, Ben Jones, “Inside Sellafield... by rail”, in RAIL, number 999, page 20:

The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


plutonium

plutonium (indefinite nominative singular)


nucleus

Learned borrowing from Latin nucleus (“kernel, core”). The earliest uses refer to the head of a comet and the kernel of a seed, both recorded in Lexicon Technicum in 1704. The sense in atomic physics was coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1844 in a theoretical meaning.

coin

Meronyms: proton, neutron, electron

(chemistry, physics) The massive, positively charged central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.

nukleus

physics: massive, positively charged core of an atom


radium

en-noun

radium (countable and uncountable, plural radiums)

Borrowed from French radium, from rad(ioactif) (“radioactive”) + -ium (suffix used to form the names of metallic elements).

suffix

Madame [Marie] Curie, working with her distinguished husband, isolated and first traced to its true origin the source of the marvellous power which has thus commenced to revolutionise our philosophy of physics. This new element has appropriately been named "Radium;" but it has also been shown that there are many other, though less powerful, radio-active elements, details of which are recorded in the sequel. To be precise, radium, per se, has not yet been isolated as a metal, but only in the form of salts,—chlorides and bromides. [...] It is supposed that the molecules of radium (composed of similar atoms) during their decomposition into those of the gas helium, are also frittered down into heat and, in part, are liberated as radio-activity.

1902, Ernest Howard Adye, “Radio-active Elements”, in Frank Rutley, Mineralogy (Murby’s “Science and Art Department” Series of Text-books), 15th revised and corrected edition, London: Thomas Murby & Co., […], →OCLC, page 234:

The persistence of radio-activity on glass vessels which have contained radium is remarkable. Filters, beakers, and dishes used in the laboratory for operations with radium, after having been washed in the usual way, remain radio-active: a piece of blende screen held inside the beaker or other vessel immediately glowing with the presence of radium.

1903 April 2, William Crookes, “The Emanations of Radium”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 67, number 1744, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, pages 522–523:

The object of this work is to determine how the radiums D, E, and F are separated from the substance known as radio-lead by certain chemical reactions. Recrystallisation of the nitrate from a neutral solution gradually removes the radium-F (polonium), which remains in the mother liquor, but does not appreciably influence the amounts of radiums D and E in the crystals.

1908, E. H[orton], “General and Physical Chemistry. [Radio-lead. Belá Szilard.]”, in J. C. Cain, editor, Journal of the Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers on Physical, Inorganic, Mineralogical, Physiological, Agricultural, and Analytical Chemistry, volume XCIV, part II, London: Gurney & Jackson, […], →OCLC, page 141:

Radium is formed by the breaking up of atoms of another element called uranium, but radium shows this breaking up process in its own atoms more distinctly than does uranium or any other element we know, and it is this breaking up that gives radium its astonishing properties such as the production of heat, electricity, and wave motions in the ether which are similar to the wave motions which produce the sensation of light to our eyes.

1919 December, Henriette Boeckmann, “Bringing the Stars to the People: It’s Easy to Get on Familiar Terms with Other Worlds at Clark Observatory”, in Waldemar Kaempffert, editor, Popular Science Monthly, volume 95, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Modern Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, page 206, column 1:

As for myself, I had to devote again a great deal of time to the preparation of several decigrammes of very pure radium chloride. With this I achieved, in 1907, a new determination of the atomic weight of radium, and in 1910 I was able to isolate the metal.

1923, Marie Curie, “Autobiographical Notes: Marie Curie”, in Charlotte Kellogg, Vernon Kellogg, transl., Pierre Curie, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, chapter II, page 197:

Of the total, fifteen cases were treated surgically, seventeen by radium, one by a combination of the two methods, three by radium and X-ray, one by the Percy cautery, two by the cautery, and two by the cautery preceding the application of radium.

1923 September, Dewell Gann, “The Review of Forty Consecutive Cases of Carcinoma of the Cervix”, in The Urologic and Cutaneous Review, volume XXVII, number 9, St. Louis, Mo.: Urologic and Cutaneous Press, →OCLC, page 564, column 1:

As soon as it had been shown that skin burns could be caused by radium, medical men began to experiment in order to find out if malignant growths of the skin could be destroyed by the same agency. [...] Immense strides have been made in the technique of applying the radium to kill cancers.

1936, Wyndham E. B. Lloyd, “Radium”, in A Hundred Years of Medicine, London: Duckworth […], published 1939, part II (Scientific Discovery in the Last Hundred Years), page 208:

Well, remember how the children of the State Orphanage became mysteriously ill? The doctors diagnosed it as radium poisoning, but how it happened was a first class mystery to them. There's no radium factory within miles of the orphanage.

1940 May–June, Charles Nicholas [pseudonym; Charles Nicholas Cuidera], “Mass Murder by Radioactive Salt”, in The Blue Beetle, number 2, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: Fox Feature Syndicate, →OCLC, column 1:

The U.S. radium dial painters of the 1920s comprised an early cohort of several thousand workers at increased risk of developing radiation induced cancers.

2010, Charles L. Sanders, “Accidents, Tests, and Incidents”, in Radiation Hormesis and the Linear-No-Threshold Assumption, Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, page 43:

Even as X-rays vied with radium as the preferred tool for biological experimentation in later decades, [Hermann Joseph] Muller continued to rely on radium not only as a mutagen, but also as an important conceptual tool, seeing radium and life as somehow intimately connected analogically, discursively, evolutionarily, mechanistically, and metaphysically.

2015, Luis A. Campos, “Transmutations and Disintegrations”, in Radium and the Secret of Life, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 247:

alkaline earth metal
alkaline earth metal

The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.

radium

chemical element with an atomic number of 88


atom

id-noun

atom (plural atom-atom, first-person possessive atomku, second-person possessive atommu, third-person possessive atomnya)

atom-atom (plural)
atomku (first-person possessive)
atommu (possessive second-person)
atomnya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atoom (“atom”), from French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).

(chemistry, nuclear physics) atom, the smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.


becquerel

Borrowed from French becquerel. Named after the French physicist Henri Becquerel.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq


nuclear

en-noun

nuclear (countable and uncountable, plural nuclears)

From Latin nū̆cleus, a contraction of the adjective nuculeus, masculine of feminine nuculea (“pertaining to a small nut”) from nucula + adjectival suffix -eus, -ea, -eum. The Latin nucula + -āris adds up to nuculāris, a term that in English becomes nucular; the Latin nuculea + -āris, becomes Latin nuculeāris (“relative to what pertains to small nut”), later contracted into nuclear. By surface analysis, nucle(us) + -ar = nucle- + -ar. Compare muscle and Latin mūsculus; muscular and mūsculāris.

cog

The growth in wind capacity at first lagged behind the expansion of nuclear installations, but then it started to grow faster and is now outpacing nuclear.

2015, Vital Signs Volume 22: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future, The Worldwatch Institute:


sievert

From Swedish Sievert. Named after the Swedish radiologist Rolf Sievert.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radiation dose; the dose received in one hour at a distance of 1 cm from a point source of 1 mg of radium in a 0.5 mm thick platinum enclosure. Symbol: Sv


radiologist

A person who is skilled in or practices radiology.

طَبِيب أَشِعَّة

ṭabīb ʔašiʕʕa


atomic weight

The equivalent weight of an element or compound is that weight equivalent in reactive power to one atomic weight of hydrogen.

1922, Leicester F. Hamilton, Calculations of Analytical Chemistry, page 38:

relative atomic mass
relative atomic mass

(physics) Former term for the more specific relative atomic mass.


glitch

en-noun

glitch (countable and uncountable, plural glitches)

Probably from Yiddish גליטש (glitsh), from German glitschig (“slippy”), from glitschen (“to slide, glide, slip”) + -ig (“-y”). Related to gleiten (“glide”). Cognate with French glisser (“to slip, slide, skid”).
Popularized in the 1960s, by the US space program. Attested in 1962 by American astronaut John Glenn, in reference to spikes in electrical current.

Another term we adopted to describe some of our problems was "glitch." Literally, a glitch is a spike or change in voltage in an electrical circuit which takes place when the circuit suddenly has a new load put on it. You have probably noticed a dimming of lights in your home when you turn a switch or start the dryer or the television set.

1962, John Glenn, Into Orbit, London: Cassell:

(countable, informal, engineering) An unexpected behavior in an electrical signal, especially if the signal spontaneously returns to expected behavior after a period of time.


curious

en-adj

curious (comparative more curious or curiouser, superlative most curious or curiousest)

more curious (comparative)
curiouser (comparative)
most curious (superlative)
curiousest (superlative)

From Middle English curious, from Old French curius, from Latin cūriōsus. The English word is cognate with Italian curioso, Occitan curios, Portuguese curioso, and Spanish curioso.

It's not what I'm used to / Just wanna try you on / I'm curious for you / Caught my attention

2008 April 28, Katy Perry, Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cathy Dennis, “I Kissed a Girl”, in One of the Boys, performed by Katy Perry:


cent

→ Cantonese: 仙 (sin¹)

→ Catalan: cent

→ French: cent

→ Georgian: ცენტი (cenṭi)

→ Hebrew: סנט (sent)

→ Italian: cent

→ Korean: 센트 (senteu)

→ Min Nan: 仙 (sian)

→ Polish: cent

→ Samoan: sene
→ English: sene

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̏нт

Latin script: cȅnt

→ Swahili: senti

→ Swedish: cent

Tok Pisin: sen
→ Rotokas: sieri

From Middle English cent, from Old French cent, from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

(nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to one hundredth of a dollar.


rad

Coordinate term: gray

(metrology) A non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.


rad

rad (nominative singular)
radu (genitive singular)
radowi (dative singular)
rad (accusative singular)
radem (instrumental singular)
radzie (locative singular)
radzie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin radium.

(chemistry) radium (chemical element with an atomic number of 88)


rad

rad (nominative singular)
rady (nominative plural)
rada (genitive singular)
radów (genitive plural)
radowi (dative singular)
radom (dative plural)
rad (accusative singular)
rady (accusative plural)
radem (instrumental singular)
radami (instrumental plural)
radzie (locative singular)
radach (locative plural)
radzie (singular vocative)
rady (plural vocative)


fertile

fertile (comparative more fertile, superlative most fertile)

more fertile (comparative)
most fertile (superlative)

From Middle English, from Middle French fertile, from Old French fertile, from Latin fertilis (“fruitful, fertile”), from ferō (“I bear, carry”).

There are two basic fertile materials: uranium-238 and thorium-232.

(physics) Not itself fissile, but able to be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor.


cold fusion

Cold fusion (disambiguation)
cold fusion

A hypothetical form of nuclear fusion not requiring the usual immensely high temperatures; nuclear fusion at or near room temperature.

A method of synthesizing superheavy elements, where the product nucleus has a relatively low excitation energy of ~10 to 20 MeV.


barn

From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).
More at rest and barley.
For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.

der

close the barn door after the horse has bolted

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

(nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10⁻²⁸ square metres.


barn

(nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area)


barn

barn (nominative singular)
barny (nominative plural)
barnu (genitive singular)
barnów (genitive plural)
barnowi (dative singular)
barnom (dative plural)
barn (accusative singular)
barny (accusative plural)
barnem (instrumental singular)
barnami (instrumental plural)
barnie (locative singular)
barnach (locative plural)
barnie (singular vocative)
barny (plural vocative)

(nuclear physics) barn (unit of surface area equal to 10⁻²⁸ square metres)


torch

The noun is derived from Middle English torch, torche (“large candle; lighted stick; (figurative) sunbeam”), from Old French torche, torque (“torch; bundle of (twisted) straw”) (modern French torche); further etymology uncertain, probably from Vulgar Latin *torca (“coiled object”) (referring to a torch made from twisted plant fibres dipped in a flammable substance such as pitch), from Latin torqua, a variant of torquis (“collar of twisted metal, torque; wreath”), from torqueō (“to twist, wind”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
Sense 2.3 (Verbascum thapsus) is either due to the plant’s spike of yellow flowers, or because its leaves and stalks were used to make torches (noun sense 1). Sense 3.2 (“precious cause, etc., which needs to be protected and transmitted to others”) is derived from Latin lampada trādere, from Ancient Greek λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι (lampáda paradidónai, “to hand over the torch”), a reference to the torch race held at various festivals such as the Panathenaic Games in Ancient Greece, which involved a relay where a torch was passed from one runner to another.
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι

sueo'

stick of wood, etc., with one end soaked in a flammable substance and set on fire; similarly shaped implement with a replaceable supply of flammable material

(science fiction) Short for torch drive (“a spacecraft engine which produces thrust by nuclear fusion”).


torch

en-verb

torch (third-person singular simple present torches, present participle torching, simple past and past participle torched)

torches (present singular third-person)
torching (participle present)
torched (participle past)
torched (past)

cog

λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι

(science fiction) To travel in a spacecraft propelled by a torch drive (“an engine which produces thrust by nuclear fusion”).

to travel in a spacecraft propelled by a torch drive

matkustaa fuusiolla toimivalla avaruusaluksella


nuke

Clipping of nuclear weapon. The verb is derived from the noun.

(colloquial) vessel running on nuclear power

Confronted with the threat of several nukes on the island, we soon realized that the Long Island Sound is being used as a massive cooling basin for nuclear reactors.

1979, Anna Gyorgy et al., “Atomic Power, Nuclear Plants”, in No Nukes: Everyone’s Guide to Nuclear Power (Black Rose Books; no. I.49), Montreal, Que.: Black Rose Books, →ISBN, page 406:

Nukes Don't Pollute

2002, Home Power - Issues 86-91, page 121:

He calculates that nukes might be needed to power energy-intensive “large scale co2 sequestration techniques” as well.

2010, Andrew Nikiforuk, Tar Sands: Dirty Oil and the Future of a Continent, page 155:

We've analyzed employee manifests at all nukes, LNG, and refineries in the United States for Middle Eastern profile matches.

nuclear power station
nuclear power station


background radiation

en-noun

background radiation (usually uncountable, plural background radiations)

ionizing radiation that is naturally present in the environment.


radiation

radiation (countable and uncountable, plural radiations)

/ˌɹæɪ.diˈæɪ.ʃən/

Borrowed from Latin radiatio, radiationis. By surface analysis, radiate + -ion.

It's Christmas at ground zero / And if the radiation level's OK / I'll go out with you / To see all the new / Mutations on New Year's Day

1986, "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics and music), “Christmas at Ground Zero”, in Polka Party!:


relative atomic mass

(physics) The ratio of the average mass per atom of the naturally occurring form of an element to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Symbol Aᵣ; abbreviation RAM or r.a.m. For elements with several isotopes, the most stable isotope is treated as the representative.


cave

From Middle English cave, borrowed from Old French cave, from Latin cava (“cavity”), from cavus (“hollow”). Cognate with Tocharian B kor (“throat”), Albanian cup (“odd, uneven”), Ancient Greek κύαρ (kúar, “eye of needle, earhole”), Old Armenian սոր (sor, “hole”), Sanskrit शून्य (śūnya, “empty, barren, zero”). Displaced native Old English sċræf. More at cavum, cavus and cage.

cog

These potential radiation fields or radioactive material levels may be the result of normal operations (ie, radiation in a target cave) […]

1986, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Radiation Alarms and Access Control Systems, →ISBN, page 45:

(nuclear physics) A shielded area where nuclear experiments can be carried out.

luola

nuclear physics: shielded place for nuclear experiments


color charge

en-noun

color charge (countable and uncountable, plural color charges)

From a loose analogy to the set of primary colors. The charge property has nothing to do with visible color.

(American spelling, nuclear physics, particle physics) In the Standard Model of particle physics, a property possessed by quarks, antiquarks, and gluons that determine rules for how these particles may interact. There are three pairs of colors and anticolors: red, green, blue, and their corresponding anti-colors (e.g. anti-red).


quark

Finnegans Wake
James Joyce
Quark#Etymology

Coined by American physicist Murray Gell-Mann in 1963. The literary connection to James Joyce's Finnegans Wake was asserted later; see the Quark Wikipedia article.

coin

There were also particles no one had predicted that just appeared. Five of them […, i]n order of increasing modernity, […] are the neutrino, the pi meson, the antiproton, the quark and the Higgs boson.

2012 March-April, Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 146:

(physics) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle that forms matter. They combine to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons.

كِوَرْكٌ

(physics) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle which forms matter


atomic mass

en-noun

atomic mass (countable and uncountable, plural atomic masses)

(proscribed) atomic weight; the average mass of atoms of an element.


decay

en-verb

decay (third-person singular simple present decays, present participle decaying, simple past and past participle decayed)

decays (present singular third-person)
decaying (participle present)
decayed (participle past)
decayed (past)

From Middle English decayen, dekeyen (“to decrease, diminish”), from Anglo-Norman decaeir (“to fall away, decay, decline”), from Vulgar Latin *dēcadere, etymologically restored form of Latin dēcidere (“to fall away, fail, sink, perish”), from de (“down”) + cadere (“to fall”). Compare decadent and decadence.

der

Uranium decays to radium through a long series of steps with a cumulative half-life of 4.4 billion years.

2005, Encyclopedia of Earth Science, edited by Timothy M. Kusky, →ISBN, page 349:

(intransitive, transitive, physics, chemistry, of an unstable atom) To change by undergoing fission, by emitting radiation, or by capturing or losing one or more electrons; to undergo radioactive decay.

desintegrar-se

To change by undergoing fission, by emitting radiation, or by capturing or losing one or more electrons.


isomer

(nuclear physics) Any of two or more atomic nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number but with different radioactive properties.


uranyl

en-noun

uranyl (countable and uncountable, plural uranyls)

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(chemistry) The divalent radical UO₂²⁺, conveniently regarded as a residue of many uranium compounds.


disintegration

disintegration (countable and uncountable, plural disintegrations)

/dɪsˌɪd.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/

[dɪsˌɪn.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən]

From disintegrate + -ion or dis- + integration.

(nuclear physics) The process of radioactive decay.

The sample exhibited an activity of three disintegrations per second.

The process of radioactive decay.
The radioactive decay of a single atom.


emanation

emanation (countable and uncountable, plural emanations)

/ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/

(uncountable, obsolete) (physics, chemistry) The element radon (Rn)


irradiation

irradiation (countable and uncountable, plural irradiations)

/ɪˌɹeɪdiˈeɪʃən/

From Middle French irradiacion, from Latin irradiatio
Morphologically irradiate + -ion

تَشَعُّع

an act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated

en:any act of irradiating or state produced therewith

An act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.

(uncountable) a process of sterilization whereby radiation is passed through a bag containing food, utensils, etc., to sterilize the contents.


core

core (countable and uncountable, plural cores)

desc

Translingual: core eudicots, core Malvales

From Middle English core, kore, coor (“apple-core, pith”), of obscure and uncertain origin. Possibly of native English origin, from Old English *cor, related to Old English *coruc, *corc (diminutive) (> Middle English cork, crok (“core of a apple or other fruit, heart of an onion”)) and Old English corn (“seed", also "grain”); or alternatively perhaps from Old French cuer (“heart”), from Latin cor (“heart”); or from Old French cors (“body”), from Latin corpus (“body”). Compare also Middle English colk, coke, coll (“the heart or centre of an apple or onion, core”), Dutch kern (“core”), German Kern (“core”). See also heart, corpse.

unc

obscure and uncertain

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

сърцеви́на

something that produces a hollow space in a casting

particular parts of technical instruments or machines essential in function:

(engineering, nuclear physics) The inner part of a nuclear reactor, in which the nuclear reaction takes place.


radiophobia

Apparently, I have radiophobia. Radiophobia is when you come to Chernobyl, people think that they get a sore throat or their eyes water or they have diarrhea, and it's not because the actual radiation is infecting you with cancer, but cause you think- you're afraid. It's all psychosomatic.

2012 July 19, Shane Smith, 3:25 from the start, in Hunting the Radioactive Beasts of Chernobyl, Vice Media:


plutonic

(inorganic chemistry) Containing plutonium in a higher oxidation state.


SF

en-noun

SF (countable and uncountable, plural SFs)

→ Japanese: エスエフ, SF (SF)

spontaneous fission
spontaneous fission#English


weak nuclear force

weak nuclear force (plural weak nuclear forces)

According to current understanding, there are four fundamental forces in nature, three of which – the electromagnetic force and the strong and weak nuclear forces – are explained by the standard model of particle physics.

2023 August 11, Nicola Davis, “Scientists may be on brink of discovering fifth force of nature”, in The Guardian:

(nuclear physics) One of the four fundamental forces that is associated with nuclear decay. Its gauge bosons are the W⁺, W⁻ and Z⁰ particles.


strong nuclear force

strong nuclear force (plural strong nuclear forces)

(nuclear physics) The color force, a fundamental force that is associated with the strong bonds, created by the associated bosons known as gluons, between quarks and other subatomic particles.

vahva ydinvoima

one of the four fundamental interactions in particle physics

(nuclear physics, dated) The nuclear force, a residual force responsible for the interactions between nucleons, deriving from the color force


strong nuclear

strong nuclear force
strong nuclear force


meltdown

meltdown (countable and uncountable, plural meltdowns)

→ Japanese: メルトダウン (merutodaun)

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Four years have passed since the meltdown at the Chernobyl nuclear plant, but the grim legacy of the Soviet catastrophe is still unfolding. https://web.archive.org/web/20041130094534/http://www.time.com/time/daily/chernobyl/chernobyl.index.html

Severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor resulting in the core melting and potentially in radiation escaping.

اِنْصِهَار نَوَوِيّ

severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor

razrušénije aktívnoj zony jádernovo reáktora

разруше́ние акти́вной зоны я́дерного реа́ктора


uranite

uranite (countable and uncountable, plural uranites)

A dark, lustrous, heavy mineral, a source of uranium and radium.


pitchblende

pitchblende (countable and uncountable, plural pitchblendes)

From German Pechblende, from Pech (“pitch”) + Blende (“blende”).

Working in Paris in 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie processed thousands of pounds of pitchblende from the same glass-factory tailings in order to isolate two radioactive elements that had hitherto been unknown: radium and polonium.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 205:

(mineralogy) Naturally-occurring uranium oxide, a variety of the mineral uraninite.


gamma ray

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electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

Very high frequency (and therefore very high energy) electromagnetic radiation emitted as a consequence of radioactivity.

raig gamma

very high frequency electromagnetic radiation


alpha particle

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(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle


mass number

(physics, physical chemistry) The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. Symbol: A

عَدَد كُتْلِيّ

нукло́нне число́ n (nuklónne čysló, literally “nucleon number”)


tritium

tritium (countable and uncountable, plural tritiums)

From trito- + -ium. From Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos, “third”).

(physics) A radioactive isotope of the element hydrogen (symbol T, ³H or ³₁H) having one proton and two neutrons.


radioactivity

radioactivity (usually uncountable, plural radioactivities)

Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.

The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc.


half-life

semivida

chemistry: time required for concentration to fall to half

(physics) The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay.


isotope

From iso- (“equal”) + -tope (“place”), because the different isotopes of a chemical element always occupy the same position in the periodic table of elements. The term was coined by Scottish doctor Margaret Todd in 1909 and first used publicly on February 27, 1913 by English chemist Frederick Soddy.

coin

(nuclear physics) Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

نَظِير

atoms of the same element having a different number of neutrons


isobar

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + βάρος (báros, “weight”), equivalent to iso- + bar-.

(nuclear physics) Either of two nuclides of different elements having the same mass number.


unstable

en-adj

unstable (comparative more unstable, superlative most unstable)

more unstable (comparative)
most unstable (superlative)

From Middle English unstable; equivalent to un- + stable.

tottering

not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over

emotionally unstable personality disorder

(physics) Radioactive, especially with a short half-life.


radioactive

radioactive (comparative more radioactive, superlative most radioactive)

more radioactive (comparative)
most radioactive (superlative)

Coined by Pierre Curie and Marie Curie in 1898 as French radio-actif, equivalent to English radio- + active.

As a matter of fact many of our best drinking waters have all sorts of unspecified qualities. Burton water, for example, is radioactive by Beetham's standards up to the ninth degree.

1917, H. G. Wells, “The First Vision”, in The Soul of a Bishop:


hydrogen bomb

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A thermonuclear bomb that derives its destructive power from the fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium).


thermonuclear

I can't believe you gave me, a ten-year-old boy, a thermonuclear device [...]

2021 January 30, ISP, quoting iSorrowproductions, Beating Fallout 3 But Every Enemy Has A NUKE - Every Enemy Has A Fat Man Mod:

Of, or relating to the use of atomic weapons based on such fusion, especially as distinguished from those based on fission.


nuclear fusion

en-noun

nuclear fusion (usually uncountable, plural nuclear fusions)

The emergence of this new large-scale lab-based astrophysics was an unanticipated side effect of a much broader, more fraught, and now quite in-the-news scientific journey: the quest for nuclear fusion.

2023 January 3, Adam Frank, “The Universe Is More in Our Hands Than Ever Before”, in The Atlantic:

(nuclear physics) The combining of the nuclei of small atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones, with a resulting release of large quantities of energy; the process that makes the sun shine, and hydrogen bombs explode.

اِنْدِمَاج نَوَوِيّ

the combining of the nuclei of small atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones


rem

Abbreviation of Roentgen equivalent in man.

abbreviation of

A dose of absorbed radiation equivalent to one roentgen of X-rays or gamma rays.


fusion

en-noun

fusion (countable and uncountable, plural fusions)

fission

antonym(s) of “nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine”

First appears c. 1555, in a translation by Richard Eden. From Middle French fusion, from Latin fūsiōnem (the accusative of fūsiō), from fusus, past participle of fundō (“I pour, I melt”) (see also found). Doublet of foison.

The act of merging separate elements, or the result thereof.

(physics) A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy.


fusion

→ Turkish: füzyon

Inherited from Middle French fusion, from Old French fusion, a borrowing from Latin fūsiōnem. Doublet of foison.


extinct

PIE word
 *h₁eǵʰs
From Late Middle English extinct (“eliminated, eradicated, extinguished”), from Latin extīnctus, exstīnctus (“extinguished, quenched; destroyed, killed; made extinct”), the perfect passive participles of extinguō, exstinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench; (figurative) to abolish; to destroy, kill”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + stinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench”) (from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push”)). The Middle English word displaced Middle English aqueint, aquenched (“extinct; extinguished”). Doublet of extinguish.

der

(nuclear physics) Of a radioisotope: no longer occurring primordially due to having decayed away completely, because it has a relatively short half-life.

hävinnyt

of a radioisotope: no longer occurring primordially due to having decayed away completely


isomeric

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(physical chemistry, nuclear physics) Being an isomer.

(physical chemistry) Exhibiting isomerism.


chain reaction

The Manhattan Project produced the first recorded controlled chain reaction.

(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which particles produced by the fission of one atom trigger fissions of other atoms.


scram

en-verb

scram (third-person singular simple present scrams, present participle scraming or scramming, simple past and past participle scramed or scrammed)

scrams (present singular third-person)
scraming (participle present)
scramming (participle present)
scramed (participle past)
scramed (past)
scrammed (participle past)
scrammed (past)

Uncertain; the verb is possibly derived from etymology 1. It has been suggested that the word is an acronym for phrases like “safety control rod actuator mechanism”, “safety cut rope axe man”, “safety control rod axe man”, and “safety control rods activation mechanism”, but these are most likely backronyms.
The noun is probably derived from the verb.

The NCR [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] further demands the plant conform to all the safety requirements put into effect during construction. This means constant re-design. There must also be several ways to scram (emergency shut down) the reactor. Some of these are automatic and some are manual.

1976 December, Randy Warsaw, “Fermi II – A Plant Tour”, in Ray Barry, editor, The Michigan Technic, volume XCV, number 3, [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: College of Engineering, University of Michigan, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 15:

Startup of reactor recirculating pump resulted in flux spike scraming plant.

1978, “Appendix II—Answers to Written Questions Posed to Nuclear Regulatory Commission before the Hearings”, in Nuclear Regulatory Commission Authorization Requests: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session, on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Requests for an Increased Authorization for Fiscal Year 1978 and for a Fiscal Year 1979 Authorization of $330,000,000: […] (Serial No. 95-161), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 794:

The slightest problem in a reactor will cause the control rods to plunge automatically in the uranium core at high speeds (this is called scramming the reactor) and stop the chain reaction.

1983, Michio Kaku, Jennifer Trainer, editors, Nuclear Power, Both Sides: The Best Arguments for and against the Most Controversial Technology, New York, N.Y.: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton, →ISBN, page 22:

Both active and manual methods scram by tripping power to a dedicated pump that unbalances the flows to the^([sic]) passively scram the reactor.

2000, Ralph R. Fullwood, “Analyzing Nuclear Reactor Safety Systems”, in Probabilistic Safety Assessment in the Chemical and Nuclear Industries, Boston, Mass.: Butterworth-Heinemann, →ISBN, section 6.1.4.3 (ABB PIUS), page 218:

The reactor was then "scramed", but the control rods did not slide back into the reactor.

2007 June 22, Samuel Upton Newtan, “Nuclear Reactor Disasters: Part I: Stationary Reactors (Non-breeders)”, in Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th Century, Bloomington, Ind., Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 113:

Raising group eight rods and brining a nuclear reactor fully to life for the first time in nearly ten years—everyone was so ready they were all ready to pee in their pants. Andrews did not know he could do it without SCRAMing the reactor—in other words, pushing it into an automatic shutdown that might be too little too late.

2012 December 12, D. Michael Battey, chapter 35, in Tenacity Gene, Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse, →ISBN, page 174:

(transitive) To shut down (a nuclear reactor or, by extension, some other thing) for safety reasons, usually because of an emergency.


scram

Each room housing a radiation source has a red-buttoned "scram" switch on the wall. One touch of the switch and all equipment stops abruptly.

1963 June, Kenneth Calkins, “Linac and Dynamitron”, in Boeing Magazine, volume XXXIII, number 6, Seattle, Wash.: Public Relations Division, Boeing Airplane Company, →OCLC, page 6, column 2:

She watched as the Marine technical team leader pressed the red SCRAM buttons for each reactor, setting off a chorus of alarms.

1993, Tom Clancy, Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit, New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, published November 1996, →ISBN:

In particular, measures have been taken to make the scram system more fast-operating and to exclude any possibility of its being deliberately shut off by the personnel.

1998, Vladimir M. Munipov, “Ergonomics [Disregarding Ergonomic Design Principles: Chernobyl]”, in Jeanne Mager Stellman, editor, Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 4th edition, volume I, Geneva: International Labour Office, →ISBN, page 29-96:

Today it is considered to be true that the accident paradoxically was ultimately caused by the emergency shut down of the reactor. By sending in the practically completely withdrawn scram and control rods, the reactivity of the reactor by the faulty conception of the rods was for a short time not lowered, but augmented.

2004, Dieter Berg, “Radionuclides Released into the Environment”, in Richard Tykva, Dieter Berg, editors, Man-made and Natural Radioactivity in Environmental Pollution and Radiochronology (Environmental Pollution), Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, page 119:

The device used to shut down a nuclear reactor; also, the button or switch used to initiate a shutdown.


isomerism

en-noun

isomerism (countable and uncountable, plural isomerisms)

(physical chemistry) the phenomenon of the existence of isomers - the existence of different substances with the same molecular formulae

(chemistry) the interconversion of isomers

(nuclear physics) nuclear isomerism, the phenomenon of the existence of nuclear isomers.


beta particle

(physics) An energetic electron or positron produced as the result of a nuclear reaction or nuclear decay.


nuclear reaction

nuclear reaction (plural nuclear reactions)

A process such as the fission of an atomic nucleus, or the fusion of one or more atomic nuclei and/or subatomic particles in which the number of protons and/or neutrons in a nucleus changes; the reaction products may contain a different element or a different isotope of the same element.


transmutation

transmutation (countable and uncountable, plural transmutations)

Late 14th century, from Old French transmutacion (“transformation, metamorphosis”), from Late Latin transmutationem, from Latin transmutare (“to change”).

გარდაქმნა

the transformation of one element into another

(nuclear physics) The actual transformation of one element into another by a nuclear reaction.

तत्वांतरण

the actual transformation of one element into another by a nuclear reaction


transactinide

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(chemistry, physics) Lying beyond lawrencium (the last actinide) in the periodic table; having an atomic number greater than 103.


transuranic

Of an element: lying beyond uranium in the periodic table; having an atomic number greater than 92.

transurànic

element with atomic number greater than 92


actinide

(chemistry) Any of the 15 radioactive elements of the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium that are positioned under the lanthanides, to which they have similar chemistry.

(chemistry) Any of the 14 elements from actinium to nobelium (lawrencium is excluded by some authors as it is a d-block rather than an f-block element).

(chemistry) (dated) Any of the 14 elements from thorium to lawrencium (actinium having been mistakenly excluded because it was thought to be a d-block element in the past).


dirty bomb

Without providing evidence, Shoigu said Ukraine could escalate by using a “dirty bomb” – conventional explosives laced with radioactive material.

2022 October 24, Peter Beaumont, “Ukraine war heading for ‘uncontrolled escalation’, says Russia”, in The Guardian:

A device containing conventional explosives and radioactive material, designed to spread radiation over a wide area.

قُنْبُلَة قَذِرَة

A nuclear bomb that spreads radiation over a wide area due to inefficiency or by design.

бру́дная бо́мба

nuclear bomb that speads radiation over a wide area due to inefficiency or design


enriched uranium

(chemistry, military) Uranium enriched with a higher than normal amount of the fissile isotope U-235; used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.

verrykte uraan

uranium enriched with a higher amount of U-235


dosimeter

Dosimeters normally take the form of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), photographic film, thermoluminescent devices (TLD) or electronic personal dosimeters (PDM).

A device used to measure a dose of ionizing radiation.


ionizing radiation

en-noun

ionizing radiation (countable and uncountable, plural ionizing radiations)

(physics) High-energy radiation that is capable of causing ionization in substances through which it passes; also includes high-energy particles.

ioniserende straling

high-energy radiation that is capable of causing ionization in substances


Alpha

de-noun

Alpha n (strong, genitive Alphas or Alpha, plural Alphas)

Alphas (genitive)
Alpha (genitive)
Alphas (plural)
Alpha (nominative singular)
Alphas (definite nominative plural)
Alphas (genitive singular)
Alpha (genitive singular)
Alphas (definite genitive plural)
Alpha (dative singular)
Alphas (dative definite plural)
Alpha (accusative singular)
Alphas (accusative definite plural)


Uran

Uran n (strong, genitive Urans, no plural)

Urans (genitive)
Uran (nominative singular)
Urans (genitive singular)
Uran (dative singular)
Uran (accusative singular)

Named after the planet Uranus, from Latin Ūranus.


urania

(mineralogy) Any of several impure mixtures of uranium oxides.


neutron bomb

An atomic bomb that produces a greater amount of neutrons, and a lesser amount of blast; the intention being to create equal lethal neutron radiation and blast radii which increases the effectiveness of the weapon against armour while reducing collateral damage.


atomic nucleus

(physics) A nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.


PBR

en-noun

PBR (countable and uncountable, plural PBRs)

pebble-bed reactor
pebble-bed reactor#English

(nuclear physics, engineering) Initialism of pebble-bed reactor.


atomic mass unit

atomic mass unit (plural atomic mass units)

(physical chemistry) A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of ¹²C (carbon-12, an isotope of carbon).

原子質量單位

a unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of the 12C isotope of carbon


уран

ru-noun+

ура́н • (urán) m inan (genitive ура́на, nominative plural ура́ны, genitive plural ура́нов)

ура́н (canonical)
urán (romanization)
ура́на (genitive)
ура́ны (nominative plural)
ура́нов (genitive plural)
ура́н (nominative singular)
ура́ны (nominative plural)
ура́на (genitive singular)
ура́нов (genitive plural)
ура́ну (dative singular)
ура́нам (dative plural)
ура́н (accusative singular)
ура́ны (accusative plural)
ура́ном (instrumental singular)
ура́нами (instrumental plural)
ура́не (prepositional singular)
ура́нах (plural prepositional)

→ Kazakh: уран (uran)

Named after the planet Uranus (Ура́н (Urán)).

двуо́кись ура́на

за́кись ура́на

за́кись-о́кись ура́на ― zákisʹ-ókisʹ urána ― uranous uranate

соль за́киси ура́на

о́кись ура́на

соль о́киси ура́на

серноки́слая за́кись ура́на ― sernokíslaja zákisʹ urána ― uranous sulfate

серноки́слый ура́н


уран

uk-noun

ура́н • (urán) m inan (genitive ура́ну, uncountable, relational adjective ура́новий)

ура́н (canonical)
urán (romanization)
ура́ну (genitive)
ура́новий (adjective relational)
ура́н (nominative singular)
ура́ну (genitive singular)
ура́нові (dative singular)
ура́ну (dative singular)
ура́н (accusative singular)
ура́ном (instrumental singular)
ура́ну (locative singular)
ура́ні (locative singular)
ура́не (singular vocative)

діокси́д ура́ну


corium

(anatomy) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.

Passing by the Corium Bubulum of the Classical Ancients, we see in an old charter, dated 1036, "Stallus Sutoris Vaccæ," i. e. the stall of a shoe-maker who used cow-skin.

1825, Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, Encyclopaedia of antiquities, and elements of archaeology, classical and mediæval:

(historical) Armour made of leather, particularly that used by the Romans.


corium

From core + -ium. Apparently coined in 1974 by Martin Peehs, a German nuclear engineer.

1974, Martin Peehs, “Investigations of molten "corium" phases”, in Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials, volume 1, Vienna: International Atomic Agency IAEA-SM-190/10:

Mexico was given $100,000 to do a series of experiments in which small amounts (10 to 20 grams) of stainless steel and corium (a mixture of 55 percent iron, 10 percent zirconium, and 35 percent uranium dioxide) will be melted and then flooded with water in an arc-melting chamber.

1975 21 October, Hearings on the Nuclear Initiative: Technological Concerns in Nuclear Reactor Safety, Sacramento (CA): California Legislature Assembly Committee on Resources, Land Use, and Energy:

Previous studies of the thermal behavior of corium in a degraded nuclear reactor have focussed primarily on the process of heat transfer within the corium.

1991, Sheau-Wen Shiah, Fan-bill B. Cheung, Dae-Ho Cho, Michael J. Tan, Louis Baker Jr., “Numerical Modeling of Corium/Steel Structure Interaction with Downfacing Boiling Boundary Conditions”, in Chung, Franklin, Hochreiter, Larry E., editors, Numerical Modelling of Basic Heat Transfer Phenomena in Nuclear Systems, presented at the 28th National Heat Transfer Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 28-31, 1991, New York (NY): American Society of Mechanical Engineers, page 31:

2009, Wei Wei, Xing-rong Cao, “The Simulation of Corium Dispersion in Direct Containment Heating Accidents”, in Zero Carbon Energy Kyoto 2009:

The materials of the nuclear reactor—nuclear oxide fuel and fission products, cladding, metallic alloys, moderator, absorbers, structural materials, coolants, concrete, and so on, could melt to form complex, multiphases, and aggressive mixtures known by the general term corium.

2011, Pascal Piluso, “Appendix 1: Corium Thermodynamics and Thermophysics, 2. Corium Thermophysics”, in Bal Raj Seghal, editor, Nuclear Safety in Light Water Reactors: Severe Accident Phenomenology, Waltham (MA): Academic Press, →ISBN, page 664:

CORIUM: INIS: 1977-10-17; ETDE: 1977-06-02 Molten mixture of fuel, cladding and other core structural material resulting from a meltdown accident.

2019 October, INIS [International Nuclear Information System] Thesaurus, Multilingual version, IAEA-INIS Reference Series IAEA-INIS-01 (2019/10), Vienna: IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency], →ISSN, page 264:

(nuclear physics) A lavalike mixture of fissile material created in a nuclear reactor's core during a nuclear meltdown.


U

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y and V.


DPS

en-noun

DPS (countable and uncountable, plural DPSs)

(nuclear physics) Initialism of disintegration per second.


DPS

Division for Planetary Sciences
w:Division for Planetary Sciences

(US, planetology) Initialism of Division for Planetary Sciences.


GAU

Calque of English maximum credible accident.

calque

Initialism of größter anzunehmender Unfall (“worst possible or foreseeable accident”): the worst possible accident considered for controlling, engineering, or planning when designing something such as a nuclear or industrial plant


EC

en-noun

EC (countable and uncountable, plural ECs)

electron capture
electron capture#English


NRC

Nuclear Regulatory Commission
w:Nuclear Regulatory Commission

(US) Initialism of Nuclear Regulatory Commission.


DP

DP (countable and uncountable, plural DPs)

(nuclear physics) Initialism of decay product.


PSR

primary surveillance radar
w:primary surveillance radar

(aviation) Initialism of primary surveillance radar.

Initialism of police service representative, an LAPD dispatcher.

(aviation, navigation) Initialism of point of safe return.


SPECT

computed tomography
computed tomography#English

Acronym of single-photon emission computed tomography.

Single-photon emission computed tomography


antineutron

(physics) The antiparticle corresponding to a neutron.

antineutroi

the antiparticle corresponding to a neutron


roentgen

/ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/


curie

Borrowed from French curie. Named after French physicist Pierre Curie (1859–1906).

named-after

3.7×10¹⁰ decays per second, as a unit of radioactivity. Symbol Ci.


curate

(inorganic chemistry) An oxyanion of curium; any salt containing such an anion.


röntgen

/ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/

(physics) a unit of exposure to ionizing radiation


röntgen

röntgen (nominative singular)
röntgenit (nominative plural)
röntgen (accusative nominative singular)
röntgenit (accusative nominative plural)
röntgenin (accusative genitive singular)
röntgenit (accusative genitive plural)
röntgenin (genitive singular)
röntgenien (genitive plural)
röntgeneiden (genitive plural)
röntgeneitten (genitive plural)
röntgeniä (partitive singular)
röntgeneitä (partitive plural)
röntgenejä (partitive plural)
röntgenissä (inessive singular)
röntgeneissä (inessive plural)
röntgenistä (elative singular)
röntgeneistä (elative plural)
röntgeniin (illative singular)
röntgeneihin (illative plural)
röntgenillä (adessive singular)
röntgeneillä (adessive plural)
röntgeniltä (ablative singular)
röntgeneiltä (ablative plural)
röntgenille (allative singular)
röntgeneille (allative plural)
röntgeninä (essive singular)
röntgeneinä (essive plural)
röntgeniksi (singular translative)
röntgeneiksi (plural translative)
röntgenittä (abessive singular)
röntgeneittä (abessive plural)
röntgenein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
röntgenini (nominative singular)
röntgenini (nominative plural)
röntgenini (accusative nominative singular)
röntgenini (accusative nominative plural)
röntgenini (accusative genitive singular)
röntgenini (accusative genitive plural)
röntgenini (genitive singular)
röntgenieni (genitive plural)
röntgeneideni (genitive plural)
röntgeneitteni (genitive plural)
röntgeniäni (partitive singular)
röntgeneitäni (partitive plural)
röntgenejäni (partitive plural)
röntgenissäni (inessive singular)
röntgeneissäni (inessive plural)
röntgenistäni (elative singular)
röntgeneistäni (elative plural)
röntgeniini (illative singular)
röntgeneihini (illative plural)
röntgenilläni (adessive singular)
röntgeneilläni (adessive plural)
röntgeniltäni (ablative singular)
röntgeneiltäni (ablative plural)
röntgenilleni (allative singular)
röntgeneilleni (allative plural)
röntgeninäni (essive singular)
röntgeneinäni (essive plural)
röntgenikseni (singular translative)
röntgeneikseni (plural translative)
röntgenittäni (abessive singular)
röntgeneittäni (abessive plural)
röntgeneineni (comitative plural)
röntgenisi (nominative singular)
röntgenisi (nominative plural)
röntgenisi (accusative nominative singular)
röntgenisi (accusative nominative plural)
röntgenisi (accusative genitive singular)
röntgenisi (accusative genitive plural)
röntgenisi (genitive singular)
röntgeniesi (genitive plural)
röntgeneidesi (genitive plural)
röntgeneittesi (genitive plural)
röntgeniäsi (partitive singular)
röntgeneitäsi (partitive plural)
röntgenejäsi (partitive plural)
röntgenissäsi (inessive singular)
röntgeneissäsi (inessive plural)
röntgenistäsi (elative singular)
röntgeneistäsi (elative plural)
röntgeniisi (illative singular)
röntgeneihisi (illative plural)
röntgenilläsi (adessive singular)
röntgeneilläsi (adessive plural)
röntgeniltäsi (ablative singular)
röntgeneiltäsi (ablative plural)
röntgenillesi (allative singular)
röntgeneillesi (allative plural)
röntgeninäsi (essive singular)
röntgeneinäsi (essive plural)
röntgeniksesi (singular translative)
röntgeneiksesi (plural translative)
röntgenittäsi (abessive singular)
röntgeneittäsi (abessive plural)
röntgeneinesi (comitative plural)
röntgenimme (nominative singular)
röntgenimme (nominative plural)
röntgenimme (accusative nominative singular)
röntgenimme (accusative nominative plural)
röntgenimme (accusative genitive singular)
röntgenimme (accusative genitive plural)
röntgenimme (genitive singular)
röntgeniemme (genitive plural)
röntgeneidemme (genitive plural)
röntgeneittemme (genitive plural)
röntgeniämme (partitive singular)
röntgeneitämme (partitive plural)
röntgenejämme (partitive plural)
röntgenissämme (inessive singular)
röntgeneissämme (inessive plural)
röntgenistämme (elative singular)
röntgeneistämme (elative plural)
röntgeniimme (illative singular)
röntgeneihimme (illative plural)
röntgenillämme (adessive singular)
röntgeneillämme (adessive plural)
röntgeniltämme (ablative singular)
röntgeneiltämme (ablative plural)
röntgenillemme (allative singular)
röntgeneillemme (allative plural)
röntgeninämme (essive singular)
röntgeneinämme (essive plural)
röntgeniksemme (singular translative)
röntgeneiksemme (plural translative)
röntgenittämme (abessive singular)
röntgeneittämme (abessive plural)
röntgeneinemme (comitative plural)
röntgeninne (nominative singular)
röntgeninne (nominative plural)
röntgeninne (accusative nominative singular)
röntgeninne (accusative nominative plural)
röntgeninne (accusative genitive singular)
röntgeninne (accusative genitive plural)
röntgeninne (genitive singular)
röntgenienne (genitive plural)
röntgeneidenne (genitive plural)
röntgeneittenne (genitive plural)
röntgeniänne (partitive singular)
röntgeneitänne (partitive plural)
röntgenejänne (partitive plural)
röntgenissänne (inessive singular)
röntgeneissänne (inessive plural)
röntgenistänne (elative singular)
röntgeneistänne (elative plural)
röntgeniinne (illative singular)
röntgeneihinne (illative plural)
röntgenillänne (adessive singular)
röntgeneillänne (adessive plural)
röntgeniltänne (ablative singular)
röntgeneiltänne (ablative plural)
röntgenillenne (allative singular)
röntgeneillenne (allative plural)
röntgeninänne (essive singular)
röntgeneinänne (essive plural)
röntgeniksenne (singular translative)
röntgeneiksenne (plural translative)
röntgenittänne (abessive singular)
röntgeneittänne (abessive plural)
röntgeneinenne (comitative plural)
röntgeninsä (nominative singular)
röntgeninsä (nominative plural)
röntgeninsä (accusative nominative singular)
röntgeninsä (accusative nominative plural)
röntgeninsä (accusative genitive singular)
röntgeninsä (accusative genitive plural)
röntgeninsä (genitive singular)
röntgeniensä (genitive plural)
röntgeneidensä (genitive plural)
röntgeneittensä (genitive plural)
röntgeniään (partitive singular)
röntgeniänsä (partitive singular)
röntgeneitään (partitive plural)
röntgenejään (partitive plural)
röntgeneitänsä (partitive plural)
röntgenejänsä (partitive plural)
röntgenissään (inessive singular)
röntgenissänsä (inessive singular)
röntgeneissään (inessive plural)
röntgeneissänsä (inessive plural)
röntgenistään (elative singular)
röntgenistänsä (elative singular)
röntgeneistään (elative plural)
röntgeneistänsä (elative plural)
röntgeniinsä (illative singular)
röntgeneihinsä (illative plural)
röntgenillään (adessive singular)
röntgenillänsä (adessive singular)
röntgeneillään (adessive plural)
röntgeneillänsä (adessive plural)
röntgeniltään (ablative singular)
röntgeniltänsä (ablative singular)
röntgeneiltään (ablative plural)
röntgeneiltänsä (ablative plural)
röntgenilleen (allative singular)
röntgenillensä (allative singular)
röntgeneilleen (allative plural)
röntgeneillensä (allative plural)
röntgeninään (essive singular)
röntgeninänsä (essive singular)
röntgeneinään (essive plural)
röntgeneinänsä (essive plural)
röntgenikseen (singular translative)
röntgeniksensä (singular translative)
röntgeneikseen (plural translative)
röntgeneiksensä (plural translative)
röntgenittään (abessive singular)
röntgenittänsä (abessive singular)
röntgeneittään (abessive plural)
röntgeneittänsä (abessive plural)
röntgeneineen (comitative plural)
röntgeneinensä (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English roentgen).

röntgenkuva