beloved

en-adj

beloved (comparative more beloved, superlative most beloved)

more beloved (comparative)
most beloved (superlative)

From Middle English beloved, biloved, equivalent to belove + -ed.

But I found at laſt, by hearing and conſidering of things that are Divine, which indeed I heard of you, as alſo of beloved Faithful, that was put to death for his Faith and good-living in Vanity-fair, That the end of these things is death. [Rom[ans] 6. 21, 22, 23.] And that for theſe things ſake, the wrath of God cometh upon the children of diſobedience. [Eph[esians] 5. 6.]

1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, pages 187–188:

When the Toy had once taken Jupiter in the Head to Enter into a State of Matrimony, he Reſolv'd for the Honour of his Celeſtial Lady, that the whole World ſhould keep a Feſtiual upon the Day of his Marriage, and ſo Invited all Living Creatures, Tag-Rag and Bob-Tail, to the Solemnity to his Wedding. They all came in very Good Time, ſaving the Tortoiſe. Jupiter […] Ask'd him, Why ſo Late? Why truly ſays the Tortoiſe, I was at Home, at my Own Houſe, my Dearly Beloved Houſe, and [Home is Home, let it be never ſo Homely.]

1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Æsop, &c.] Fab[le] CLXXXV. Jupiters Wedding.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 155:

It is ſcarce poſſible to imagine the Conſternation I was now in, being driven from my beloved Iſland (for ſo it appeared to me now to be) into the wide Ocean, almoſt two Leagues, and in the utmoſt Deſpair of ever recovering it again.

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, pages 164–165:

There was a youthe, and a well-beloved youthe, / And he was a ſquires ſon: / He loved the bayliffes daughter deare, / That lived in Iſlington.

1765, Thomas Percy, compiler, “The Bailiff’s Daughter of Islington”, in Reliques of Ancient English Poetry: […], volume III, London: […] J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, book II, page 133, lines 1–4:

The vacuum brake, much beloved by English- (though not Scottish-) built or inspired railways, but little favoured elsewhere.

1964 March, “Train braking - the next steps”, in Modern Railways, page 186:

In yonder corner your little chair, / where you often sat at my knee, / singing your sweet murmuring hymns, / my belovèd child!

2014, Niall MacLeòid, “The Death of the Widow's Child”, in Meg Bateman, Anne Loughran, editors, Bàird Ghleann Dail = The Glendale Bards: A Selection of Songs and Poems by Niall MacLeòid (1843–1913), ‘The Bard of Skye’, His Brother Ian Dubh (1847–1901) and Their Father Dòmhnall nan Òran (c. 1787–1873), Edinburgh: John Donald, →ISBN, verse 4:


monad

From Latin monas (“unit”) (from Ancient Greek μονάς (monás), from μόνος (mónos), from Proto-Indo-European *men-) + -ad.

Hence Leibnitz, who looked upon things as noumena, after denying them everything like external relation, and therefore also composition or combination, declared that all substances, even the component parts of matter, were simple substances with powers of representation, in one word, monads.

1787, Immanuel Kant, translated by John Meiklejohn, The Critique of Pure Reason, published 1855:

“If we are to embark upon speculation”, said Goethe, continuing his discourse, “then I really do not see why the monad to which we owe Wieland's appearance on our planet should be unable in its new condition to enter into the highest combinations that are possible in this universe.

1813, J. D. Falk, quoting Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, translated by David Luke and Robert Pick, Goethe: Conversations and Encounters, London: O. Wolff, published 1966, page 88:

Pythagoras considered numbers as the essence and principle of all things, and attributed to them a real and distinct existence; so that, in his view, they were the elements out of which the universe was constructed. […] The "Monad" or unit he regarded as the source of all numbers.

1855, Thomas Bulfinch, chapter XXXIV, in The Age of Fable:

More than thirty years ago two atoms of the eternal Energy sped forth from the heart of it which we call God[…]. Perhaps these two atoms, or essences, or monads indestructible, did but repeat an adventure, or many, many adventures.

1918, H[enry] Rider Haggard, chapter I, in Love Eternal:

(philosophy) An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible.


dote

English: dote

A senile individual; an elderly person lacking sound mind.


amo

eo-head

amo (accusative singular amon, plural amoj, accusative plural amojn)

amon (accusative singular)
amoj (plural)
amojn (accusative plural)

Kiu dissemas amon, tiu rikoltos la samon.
Whoever sows love will harvest the same.
—Proverb by Morteza Mirbaghian

Edmond Privat, Vivo de Zamenhof, Ĉapitro 2,

Similar close relationships (lit. loves) between sons and mothers can often been seen in geniuses. Pope, Musset and Lamartine all adored their mothers and owed much to them. The same was true of Zamenhof.

Similaj amoj inter filo kaj patrino ĉe multaj geniuloj estas ofte rimarkeblaj. Pope, Musset, Lamartine adoris la patrinon sian, kaj al ŝi tre multon ŝuldis. Same Zamenhof.

sinamo

self-love, self-regard, vanity, narcissism


amo

la-verb

amō (present infinitive amāre, perfect active amāvī, supine amātum); first conjugation

amō (canonical)
amāre (infinitive present)
amāvī (active perfect)
amātum (supine)
amō (active first-person indicative present singular)
amās (active indicative present second-person singular)
amat (active indicative present singular third-person)
amāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
amātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
amant (active indicative plural present third-person)
amābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
amābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
amābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
amābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
amābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
amābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
amābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
amābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
amābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
amābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
amābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
amābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
amāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
amāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
amāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
amāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
amāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
amāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
amāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
amārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
amāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
amāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
amāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
amārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
amāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
amārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
amāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
amārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
amāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
amārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
amāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
amārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
amāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
amārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
amāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
amārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
amāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
amārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
amāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
amārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
amāssō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
amāssis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
amāssit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
amāssimus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
amāssitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
amāssint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
amor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
amāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
amāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
amātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
amāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
amāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
amantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
amābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
amābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
amābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
amābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
amābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
amābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
amābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
amābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
amāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
amābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
amābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
amābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
amābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
amābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
amem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
amēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
amet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
amēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
amētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ament (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
amārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
amārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
amārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
amārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
amāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
amārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
amāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
amāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
amāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
amāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
amāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāssim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
amāssīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
amāssīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
amāssīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
amāssītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
amāssint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
amer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
amēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
amēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
amētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
amēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
amēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
amentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
amārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
amārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
amārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
amārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
amārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
amārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
amārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
amā (active imperative present second-person singular)
amāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
amātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
amātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
amātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
amantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
amāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
amāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
amātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
amātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
amantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
amāre (active infinitive present)
amāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
amāsse (active infinitive perfect)
amātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
amārī (infinitive passive present)
amātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
amātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
amāns (active participle present)
amātūrus (active future participle)
amātus (participle passive perfect)
amandus (future participle passive)
amandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
amandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
amandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
amandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
amātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
amātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Dalmatian:

amur

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: amà

Italian: amare

Neapolitan: ammare

Sicilian: amari

Padanian:

Friulian: amâ

Romansch: amar

Venetan: amar

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: amar

desctree

Old French: amer, aamer, ameir, amere, aimer, aeimer, asmer, eimer
French: aimer
Norman: aimer

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: aimar

Catalan: amar

Occitan: aimar

Ibero-Romance:

Mozarabic: امار (amār)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: amar

Extremaduran: amal

Leonese: amare

Mirandese: amar

Old Galician-Portuguese: amar
Galician: amar
Portuguese: amar

Old Spanish:

Ladino: amar / אמאר

Spanish: amar

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: amai (Campidanese), amare (Logudorese)

Inherited from Proto-Italic *amō, see the Proto-Italic entry for more information.

Tū mē amās, egō tē amō; meritō id fierī uterque exīstumat.

You love me, I love you; and each of us believes it to be well-deserved.

Sī vīs amārī, amā.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Letters to Lucilius IX.6


hod

English: hade, hede (obsolete)

Scots: hade (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English hād, from Proto-West Germanic *haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz.

(Christianity) The Trinity; the three hypostases making up the Godhead.


raj

raj (nominative singular)
raje (nominative plural)
raju (genitive singular)
rajów (genitive plural)
rajowi (dative singular)
rajom (dative plural)
raj (accusative singular)
raje (accusative plural)
rajem (instrumental singular)
rajami (instrumental plural)
raju (locative singular)
rajach (locative plural)
raju (singular vocative)
raje (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rajь. Doublet of rebus.

wrota raju

istny raj

raj utracony

wygnanie z raju

raje podatkowe


raj

rȃj (canonical masculine)
ра̑ј (Cyrillic)
rȃj (nominative singular)
ràjevi (nominative plural)
raja (genitive singular)
rajeva (genitive plural)
raju (dative singular)
rajevima (dative plural)
raj (accusative singular)
rajeve (accusative plural)
raju (singular vocative)
rajevi (plural vocative)
raju (locative singular)
rajevima (locative plural)
rajem (instrumental singular)
rajevima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rajь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rā́ˀjus (“heaven”).


schema

Unadapted borrowing from Latin schēma, from Ancient Greek σχῆμα (skhêma, “form, shape”). Doublet of scheme.

der

(logic) A formula in the metalanguage of an axiomatic system, in which one or more schematic variables appear, which stand for any term or subformula of the system, which may or may not be required to satisfy certain conditions.


dasein

From German Dasein (“there-to be”), from da (“there”) + sein (“to be”).

Hereness (Dasein) might be perhaps be called more expediently, Now-Being (Jetztsein), ...

1954, Otto Samuel, “The Relationship of Hereness Dasein”, in A Foundation of Ontology: A Critical Analysis of Nicolai Hartmann, Digitized edition (Philosophy), Philosophical Library, published 2008, page 62:

(philosophy) Being; especially the nature of being; existence, presence, hereness, suchness, essence


apperception

en-noun

apperception (countable and uncountable, plural apperceptions)

/ˌæpəˈsɛpʃən/

/ˌæpɚˈsɛpʃən/

Borrowed from French aperception (New Latin apperceptiō, used by Gottfried Leibnitz (1646–1716)).

(uncountable, psychology and philosophy, especially Kantianism) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself.


antinomy

antinomy (countable and uncountable, plural antinomies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-antinomy.wav

Learned borrowing from Latin antinomia + English -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state); antinomia is derived from Ancient Greek ἀντινομία (antinomía), from ἀντι- (anti-, prefix meaning ‘against’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“face; forehead; front”)) + νόμος (nómos, “custom, usage; law, ordinance”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns), with νόμος (nómos) derived from νέμω (némō, “to deal out, dispense, distribute”) (from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to distribute; to give; to take”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns indicating actions or their results). The English word may be analysed as anti- (prefix meaning ‘against; opposite of’) + -nomy (suffix indicating a system of laws, rules, or knowledge about a body of a particular field).

confix

This introduces the antinomy that has followed us through the whole study. The solution of this antinomy is found in making the Not-me, which interrupts self-consciousness, really reflect self-consciousness, by manifesting the nature of the I—in other words, by making it conform to the ideal of the soul.

1884, Charles Carroll Everett, Fichte’s Science of Knowledge: A Critical Exposition, page 12:

Of the work that has been done on the liar antinomy, possibly the most profound and certainly the most influential has been that of Tarski

1991, Vann McGee, Truth, Vagueness, & Paradox: An Essay on the Logic of Truth, page 67:

(by extension) Any contradiction or paradox.

(specifically, epistemology, logic) In the thought of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804): an apparent contradiction between valid conclusions; a paradox.

التضاد

(epistemology, logic) apparent contradiction between valid conclusions


valid

en-adj

valid (comparative more valid, superlative most valid)

more valid (comparative)
most valid (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“I am strong, I am healthy, I am worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”).

der

(logic) Of a formula or system: such that it evaluates to true regardless of the input values.

An argument is valid if and only if the set consisting of both (1) all of its premises and (2) the contradictory of its conclusion is inconsistent.

(logic) Of an argument: whose conclusion is always true whenever its premises are true.

sound

in logic: argument whose conclusion is always true whenever its premises are all true

(Christianity, theology) Genuine - as distinguished from efficient or regular - sacrament.


assumption

en-noun

assumption (countable and uncountable, plural assumptions)

From Middle English assumpcioun, from Medieval Latin assumptio (“a taking up (into heaven)”) and Latin assumptio (“a taking up, adoption, the minor proposition of a syllogism”). Doublet of assumptio; see assume.

der

categorical syllogism
categorical syllogism

(logic) The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.

asumpción

the minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism


altruism

en-noun

altruism (countable and uncountable, plural altruisms)

From French altruisme, which was coined in 1830 by Auguste Comte from autrui (“of or to others”) + -isme, from Old French, from Latin alteri, dative of alter (“other”) (whence also English alter). Apparently inspired by the French Latin legal phrase l’autrui, from le bien, le droit d’autrui (“the good, the right of the other”). Introduced into English by George Henry Lewes in 1853, in his translation Comte’s Philosophy of the Sciences, 1, xxi.

The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Altruism allows doing for others as one would be done by. Unlike reaction formation, which also gives to the object what the self desires, altruism leaves the self at least partly gratified. Unlike reaction formation, altruism tempers asceticism with pleasure. Unlike passive aggression and martyrdom, altruism allows the object to feel blessed and not afflicted. Altruism attracts people to the user; martyrdom repels them even as it holds them close in chains.

1995, George E. Vaillant, The Wisdom of the Ego, page 68:

Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.


deification

deification (usually uncountable, plural deifications)

From Middle English deificacion, from Middle French deifier + -acion or borrowed directly from Latin deificātiō, from deificō (“deify”) + -tiō (noun suffix), from deus (“god”) + -ficō (“make”). Equivalent to deify + -ication. In the Christian theological sense influenced by the use of deificātiō as Latin translation of Byzantine Greek θέωσις (théōsis).

euhemerization

act of deifying; chiefly Chinese contexts

There is an experiential component to Maximos’ writings: he draws upon the reality of the contemplative life and in doing so secures deification as the goal of the monastic spiritual life in Orthodoxy.

2010, Paul M. Collins, Partaking in Divine Nature: Deification and Communion, page 108:

(Christianity, theology) Union with God; theosis.


coquette

Frills, lace, bows, hearts, and ribbon (in excess!) are all part of the coquette look. […]”

2023 January 12, Hannah Oh, “What Exactly is the Coquette Aesthetic That’s Taking Over the Internet Right Now?”, in Seventeen, retrieved 2024-01-05:

Are you a Lana Del Rey fan who lives for ultra-romantic fashion pieces and clings to trends that involve ribbons, lace, and Bridgerton-esque motifs? Then the coquette aesthetic is most definitely for you. […]”

2023 October 24, Sierra Mayhew, “The Coquette Aesthetic Has Its Hold on Gen Z—15 Pieces That Define the Look”, in Who What Wear, retrieved 2024-01-05:

(aesthetic) Of or relating to a feminine style of clothing involving ribbons, frills, and bows.


damnation

damnation (countable and uncountable, plural damnations)

From Middle English dampnacioun, from Old French dampnacion, from Latin damnatio.

The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation.

проклятие

(religion) Condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state, or the punishment itself.


damnation

Oh damnation! The window doesn't shut!

Expressing annoyance or disappointment; damn; dammit.


emanation

emanation (countable and uncountable, plural emanations)

/ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/

(theology) The generation of the Son and the procession of the Holy Spirit, as distinct from the origination of created beings.


dichotomy

dichotomy (countable and uncountable, plural dichotomies)

Audio (GA)

Audio (AU)

From Ancient Greek διχοτομία (dikhotomía, “dichotomy”).

der

But in the fallacy of false dichotomy, not only do the two alternatives fail to be jointly exhaustive, but they are not even likely. As a result, the disjunctive premise is false, or at least probably false.

2011, Patrick J. Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, page 162:

2011, Tomasz A. Gorarzd, Jacek Krzaczkowski, The Complexity of Problems Connected with Two-Element Algebras, Paweł M. Idziak, Andrzej Wronski, Reports on Mathematical Logic: No. 46, page 92,
One can ask if for any algebra the considered problem is always in P or NP-complete (P or coNP-complete)? For example, the problem of the satisfiability of a system of polynomial equations over a group G is in P if G is abelian and NP-complete otherwise ([7, 13]).
One of the most widely known subclasses of NP which exhibits such a dichotomy, is the class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) on the set {0,1}, see [16]. Recently Bulatov proved the dichotomy for CSP on a three-element set [3].

(logic) The division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive, as the division of human into female and male.

dikotomi

logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive


elimination

en-noun

elimination (countable and uncountable, plural eliminations)

(logic) The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of eliminating; deduction.


exportation

exportation (countable and uncountable, plural exportations)

(logic) Either the logical law ((P∧Q)→R)⇒(P→(Q→R)), or the rule of replacement ((P∧Q)→R)⇔(P→(Q→R)).


equivocation

equivocation (countable and uncountable, plural equivocations)

/ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃən/

/ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn̩/

c. 1380, from Middle English equivocacion, from Old French equivocation, from Medieval Latin aequivocātiō, from aequivocō, from Late Latin aequivocus (“ambiguous, equivocal”), from Latin aequus (“equal”) + vocō (“call”); a calque of Ancient Greek ὁμωνυμία (homōnumía).

der

(logic) A logical fallacy resulting from the use of multiple meanings of a single expression.


empiricism

en-noun

empiricism (countable and uncountable, plural empiricisms)

ἐμπειρῐκή

practice of medicine founded on experience only

Empiricism teaches us that we are unceasingly and intimately in contact with a full, living, breathing Reality, that experience is a constant communion with the real.

1893 Sep, James Seth, “The Truth of Empiricism.”, in The Philosophical Review, volume 2, number 5, page 552:

He agrees with Kant that Hume's empiricism is refuted de facto by the example of mathematics, whose judgments are synthetic a priori.

1950 Dec, Virgil Hinshaw, Jr., “Review of Socratic Method and Critical Philosophy, Selected Essays by Leonard Nelson”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, volume 11, number 2, page 285:

Empiricism is the doctrine that human knowledge is grounded on the kind of experience, mostly achieved through the five senses, whose objects are particular events occurring at particular times and in particular places.

1958 Apr, Ernest A. Moody, “Empiricism and Metaphysics in Medieval Philosophy”, in The Philosophical Review, volume 67, number 2, page 151:

(philosophy) A doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.)

Our whole life in some of its highest and most important aspects is simply empiricism. Empiricism is only another word for experience.

1885, Gerard F. Cobb, "Musical Psychics," Proceedings of the Musical Association, 11th Session, p. 119

I have found no better expression than "religious" for confidence in the rational nature of reality.... Whenever this feeling is absent, science degenerates into uninspired empiricism.

1951, Albert Einstein, letter to Maurice Solovine (Jan. 1), in Letters to Solovine

Painting needs no explanation or apology. This most religious of art forms belies the pathetic empiricisms of contemporary discussions.

2001 Sep, Mark Zimmermann, “The Stillness of Painting: Robert Kingston and His Contemporaries”, in PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art, volume 23, number 3, page 71:

A pursuit of knowledge purely through experience, especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation.

Empirie

(social sciences, political science, sociology) Research methodology shaped from empirical philosophy (see above), e.g. surveys, statistics, etc.


fatalism

fatalism (countable and uncountable, plural fatalisms)

(metaphysics, philosophy) The doctrine that all events are subject to fate or inevitable necessity, or determined in advance in such a way that human beings cannot alter them.


soma

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

(philosophy) The corporeal body, as distinguished from the psyche or soul and the pneuma or spirit.


enlightenment

enlightenment (usually uncountable, plural enlightenments)

But the man who has attained enlightenment sees that the apparent reality is mere illusion, or, as was said a couple of thousand years later, that there is nothing good nor bad but thinking makes it so.

1893, Thomas Huxley, Evolution and Ethics:

Thus Django becomes the carrier of the “public use of one's reason”—the Kantian road to enlightenment given to him by the German “Forty-Eighter” dentist–turned-bounty hunter Dr. “King” Schultz, and represents the fictive, allohistorical beginning of the battle against slavery and racism in the United States.

2014 July 31, Oliver C. Speck, editor, Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained: The Continuation of Metacinema, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 25:

A concept in spirituality, philosophy and psychology related to achieving clarity of perception, reason and knowledge.


equivocal

From Late Latin aequivocus + -al, from aequus + vocō. By surface analysis, equi- + vocal.

Some equivocals are merely ambiguous. Sharp is an example. It is equivocal since it is appropriate to call different types of things 'sharp' though what it is for them to be sharp differs.

2012, Deborah Achtenberg, Cognition of Value in Aristotle's Ethics:

(philosophy) A word or expression capable of different meanings; an ambiguous term.


fallacy

From Middle English fallaci, fallace, fallas, from Old French fallace, from Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”), from fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”), from fallere (“to deceive”).

Baldridge also showed the "one molecule of blood," usually held to be the stimulus for attracting sharks, to be another common fallacy, since a molecule of blood does not exist.

1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 163:

(logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument.


etiquette

etiquette (countable and uncountable, plural etiquettes)

1740, from French étiquette (“property, a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a label, ticket”), from Middle French estiquette (“ticket, memorandum”), from the Old French verb estechier, estichier, estequier (“to attach, stick”), (compare Picard estiquier (“to stick, pierce”)), from Frankish *stekan, *stikkjan (“to stick, pierce, sting”), from Proto-Germanic *stikaną, *stikōną, *staikijaną (“to be sharp, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab”).
Akin to Old High German stehhan (“to stick, attach, nail”) (German stechen (“to stick”)), Old English stician (“to pierce, stab, be fastened”).
The French Court of Louis XIV at Versailles used étiquettes (literally “little cards”) to remind courtiers to keep off of the grass and similar rules. More at stick (verb) and stitch. Doublet of ticket.

cog

20 May 2018, Hadley Freeman in The Guardian, Is Meghan Markle the American the royals have needed all along?
Much shock was expressed in the British press about the Palace’s utter failure to control the Markles and the Markles’ lack of etiquette.

Whenever Root would put his elbows on the table or clatter his dishes or commit any other breach of etiquette, the Professor would gently correct him.

2003, Yoko Ogawa, The Housekeeper and the Professor:

The manners or decent behaviour to be observed in social or professional life; conventional decorum; the ceremonial code of polite society.

ذَوْق

forms to be observed in social or official life

Cycling's complex etiquette contains an unwritten rule that riders in contention for a race win should not be penalised for sheer misfortune.

2012 July 15, Richard Williams, Tour de France 2012: Carpet tacks cannot force Bradley Wiggins off track, Guardian Unlimited:

The customary behavior of members of a profession, business, law, or sports team towards each other.

A label used to indicate that a letter is to be sent by airmail.


importation

en-noun

importation (countable and uncountable, plural importations)

(logic) The logical law (P→(Q→R))⇒((P∧Q)→R).


fiduciary

From Latin fīdūciārius (“held in trust”), from fīdūcia (“trust”).

(theology) One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an antinomian.


extension

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

From Middle English extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

(logic) The set of tuples of values that, used as arguments, satisfy the predicate.


corollary

/ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/

/kɔˈɹoʊˌlɛɹi/

From Middle English, from Late Latin corōllārium (“money paid for a garland; gift, gratuity, corollary; consequence, deduction”), from corōlla (“small garland”), diminutive of corōna (“crown”).

der

We have proven that this set is finite and well ordered; as a corollary, we now know that there is an order-preserving map from it to the natural numbers.

(mathematics, logic) A proposition which follows easily from the statement or proof of another proposition.


implication

en-noun

implication (countable and uncountable, plural implications)

From Middle French implication, from Latin implicationem (accusative of implicatio).Equivalent to implicate + -ion.

propositional calculus
propositional calculus

(countable, logic) The connective in propositional calculus that, when joining two predicates A and B in that order, has the meaning "if A is true, then B is true".


interpellation

interpellation (countable and uncountable, plural interpellations)

From Middle French interpellation, from Latin interpellātiō; equivalent to interpellate + -ion or interpel + -ation.

(philosophy) The act of interpellating: the act of identification.


asexual

ca-adj

asexual m or f (masculine and feminine plural asexuals)


asexual

ca-noun

asexual m or f by sense (plural asexuals)


asexual

ro-adj

asexual m or n (feminine singular asexuală, masculine plural asexuali, feminine and neuter plural asexuale)

asexuală (feminine singular)
asexuali (masculine plural)
asexuale (feminine neuter plural)
asexual (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
asexuală (feminine indefinite singular)
asexuali (indefinite masculine plural)
asexuale (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
asexualul (definite masculine neuter singular)
asexuala (definite feminine singular)
asexualii (definite masculine plural)
asexualele (definite feminine neuter plural)
asexuale (feminine indefinite singular)
asexualului (definite masculine neuter singular)
asexualei (definite feminine singular)
asexualelor (definite masculine plural)
asexualilor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Borrowed from English asexual. Equivalent to a- + sexual.


asexual

asexuali (plural)
asexual (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
asexualul (accusative definite nominative singular)
asexuali (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
asexualii (accusative definite nominative plural)
asexual (indefinite singular)
asexualului (definite singular)
asexuali (indefinite plural)
asexualilor (definite plural)
asexualule (singular vocative)
asexualilor (plural vocative)


asexual

es-adj

asexual m or f (masculine and feminine plural asexuales)


asexual

es-noun

asexual m or f by sense (plural asexuales)


interpretation

en-noun

interpretation (countable and uncountable, plural interpretations)

/ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈteɪʃən/

/ɪnˌtɝpɹəˈteɪʃən/

/ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈtæɪʃən/

From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman [Term?], from Old French [Term?], from Latin interpretātiō, noun of action from interpretor (“to explain, expound, interpret, understand, conclude, infer, comprehend”)
Morphologically interpret + -ation

(countable, logic, model theory) An assignment of a truth value to each propositional symbol of a propositional calculus.


philosophy

philosophy (countable and uncountable, plural philosophies)

From Middle English philosophie, Old French philosophie, and their source, Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). By surface analysis, philo- + -sophy. Displaced native Old English ūþwitegung.

(uncountable, originally) The love of wisdom.

Philosophy is often divided into five major branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.

During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant[…]

1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond:

(uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality.

(countable) A comprehensive system of belief.

As a matter of fact the Enlightment culture was based on a philosophy inspired to an ethical laicism whose aim was to create a better society based on principles such as solidarity, equality of rights and duties, and full freedom.

2012, Francesca Valensise, From Building Fabric to City Form: Reconstruction in Calabria at end of Eighteenth Century, Gangemi Editore spa, →ISBN, page 8:

(countable) A general principle (usually moral).


innate

Borrowed from Latin innātus (“inborn”), perfect active participle of innāscor (“be born in, grow up in”), from in (“in, at on”) + nāscor (“be born”); see natal, native.

innate ideas

There is an innate light in every man, discovering to him the first lines of duty, in the common notions of good and evil, which, by cultivation and improvement, may be advanced to higher and brighter discoveries.

1691 November 1, Robert South, “An Account of the Nature and Measures of Conscience”, in Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume II, Oxford: UP, published 1842, page 29:

It would be ſufficient to convince unprejudiced Readers of the falſeneſs of this Suppoſition, if I ſhould only ſhew (as I hope I ſhall in the following Parts of this Diſcourſe) how Men barely by the Uſe of their natural Faculties, may attain to all the Knowledge that they have, without the help of any innate Impreſſions[…]

1690, John Locke, “No innate Principles in the Mind”, in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, book I, page 4:

(philosophy) Originating in, or derived from, the constitution of the intellect, as opposed to acquired from experience.


parthenogenesis

parthenogenesis (usually uncountable, plural parthenogeneses)

/ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

From parthen- + -o- + -genesis, from Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”) and γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”).

der

So one might reasonably be led to hold, for instance, that the parthenogenesis of Christ does not beget faith in Christ […]

1927, James Samuel Stone, The cult of Santiago: traditions, myths, and pilgrimages, page 58:

His theology offers four objections on dogmatic grounds commonly adduced by contemporary Protestant criticism to cast doubt on Mary’s parthenogenesis.

1966, Thomas F. O’Meara, Mary in Protestant and Catholic Theology, page 227:

Christ’s parthenogenesis exalts woman.

1999, Carol V. Kaske, Spenser and Biblical poetics, →ISBN, page 177:

(theology) Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ.


irascible

en-adj

irascible (comparative more irascible, superlative most irascible)

more irascible (comparative)
most irascible (superlative)

From Middle English, from Old French irascible, from Late Latin īrāscibilis, from Latin īrāscī (“to be angry, enraged”) + -bilis.

The irascible and concupiscible appetites are distinguished by different aspects of their objects. The object of the concupiscible faculty "is sensible good or evil, simply apprehended as such" while good and evil considered as "arduous or difficult … is the object of the irascible faculty."

2015, Jeffrey Froula, “Aquinas on the Moral Neutrality of the Passion of Despair”, in New Blackfriars:

(theology) Relating to the irascible passions


peripatetic

peripatetic (comparative more peripatetic, superlative most peripatetic)

more peripatetic (comparative)
most peripatetic (superlative)

From French péripatétique, from Latin peripatēticus, from Ancient Greek περιπατητικός (peripatētikós, “given to walking around”), from περιπατέω (peripatéō, “I walk around”), from περί (perí, “around”) (English peri-)+ πατέω (patéō, “I walk”).

der

περιπατητικός

аристотелев

Having to do with Aristotle's philosophy or school of thought

The true peripatetic school.

1642, James Howell, Instructions For Foreign Travel:

(philosophy, usually capitalized) Alternative letter-case form of Peripatetic


peripatetic

περιπατητικός

He who would think clearly must think like a peripatetic even if he is unwilling to walk like one.

1961, Albert Upton, Design for Thinking: A First Book in Semantics, section 11:

(philosophy, usually capitalized) Alternative letter-case form of Peripatetic (“Aristotelian”)


sophist

Learned borrowing from Latin sophista, also sophistes, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek σοφιστής (sophistḗs, “pursuer of wisdom”), from σοφίζομαι (sophízomai, “to become wise”).

One of a class of teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece.


mention

en-verb

mention (third-person singular simple present mentions, present participle mentioning, simple past and past participle mentioned)

mentions (present singular third-person)
mentioning (participle present)
mentioned (participle past)
mentioned (past)

Inherited from Middle English mencioun, mention, from Old French mention, from Latin mentiōnem, accusative of mentiō (“a mention, calling to mind”).

I can illustrate this by mentioning the word lead. Now you have no way of knowing for sure which meaning I have in mind until I give it some context by using it in a sentence.

2006, Tony Evans, The Transforming Word: Discovering the Power and Provision of the Bible, Moody Publishers, →ISBN, page 140:

If the verbatimness view derives from the popular notion that DST repeats 'the actual words spoken', a second line of thought takes its cue from Quine's (1940: 23–26, 1960: 146–156) philosophical distinction between words which are “used” vs. words which are merely “mentioned”.

2009, Lieven Vandelanotte, Speech and Thought Representation in English: A Cognitive-functional Approach, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 124:

If I said rightly, “'Niggers' is a seven letter word,” I would be mentioning the word, and when we write it, we use mention-quotes for this purpose (speech typically lacks quotes, except for the occasional air-quotes). If I said, rightly or wrongly, “Niggers are good athletes,” then I would be using “niggers,” not merely mentioning it.

2013, Richard Hanley, South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating, Open Court, →ISBN:

(philosophy, linguistics) To utter a word or expression in order to refer to the expression itself, as opposed to its usual referent.

mainita

to utter an expression in order to refer to the expression itself


flirt

pl-noun

flirt m inan (diminutive flircik, related adjective flirtowy)

flircik (diminutive)
flirtowy (adjective)
flirt (nominative singular)
flirty (nominative plural)
flirtu (genitive singular)
flirtów (genitive plural)
flirtowi (dative singular)
flirtom (dative plural)
flirt (accusative singular)
flirty (accusative plural)
flirtem (instrumental singular)
flirtami (instrumental plural)
flircie (locative singular)
flirtach (locative plural)
flircie (singular vocative)
flirty (plural vocative)

romance, affair, love affair, liaison, amour (usually adulterous relationship between people who are not married to each other)


tacit

en-adj

tacit (comparative more tacit, superlative most tacit)

more tacit (comparative)
most tacit (superlative)

Borrowed from late Middle French tacite, or from Latin tacitus (“that is passed over in silence, done without words, assumed as a matter of course, silent”), from tacere (“to be silent”).

bor

(logic) Not derived from formal principles of reasoning; based on induction rather than deduction.

подразби́ращ се

not derived from formal principles of reasoning


subsistence

en-noun

subsistence (countable and uncountable, plural subsistences)

From Middle English subsistence; partly from Middle French subsistence (modern French subsistance) and partly from its etymon Late Latin subsistentia (“substance, reality, in Medieval Latin also stability”), from Latin subsistēns, present participle of subsistere (“to continue, subsist”). Perhaps also partly from subsist + -ence.

der

(theology) Embodiment or personification or hypostasis of an underlying principle or quality.


premise

From Middle English premise, premisse, from Old French premisse, from Medieval Latin premissa (“set before”) (premissa propositio (“the proposition set before”)), feminine past participle of Latin praemittere (“to send or put before”), from prae- (“before”) + mittere (“to send”).
The sense "a piece of real estate" arose from the misinterpretation of the word by property owners while reading title deeds where the word was used with the legal sense.

While the premises stand firm, 'tis impossible to shake the conclusion.

1667, attributed to Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety. […], London: […] R. Norton for T. Garthwait, […], →OCLC:

(logic) Any of the first propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is deduced.

مُقَدِّمَة

either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is deduced


temperance

en-noun

temperance (countable and uncountable, plural temperances)

From Anglo-Norman temperance, from Latin temperantia (“moderation, sobriety, discretion, self-control”), from temperans, present participle of temperare (“to moderate”). See temper. English equivalent temper + -ance.

uder

temperance in eating and drinking

temperance in the indulgence of joy

Who did begin their Feaſtes with Prayers; continue them with Temperance, and Sobrietie; eating no more then would ſuffice their hunger; drinking no more then would quench and ſatisfie their thirſt […]

1628, William Prynne, Healthes Sicknesse. Or, a compendious and briefe Discourse; prouing the Drinking, and Pledging of Healthes, to be Sinfull […] , London: Augustine Matthews, page 22:

On these occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole life forbidden such a notion.

1891, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, A Study in Scarlet. A Detective Story, 3rd edition, London, New York, N.Y.: Ward, Lock, Bowden, and Co., […], published 1892, →OCLC:

But there was no one to shake Nero into temperance. He had affairs, drank tremendously, raised taxes in the provinces to pay for his indulgences, and started once again to hold the infamous treason trials as Caligula had done.

2007, Susan Wise Bauer, “The Problem of Succession”, in The History of the Ancient World, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, page 729:

Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence.


personalism

en-noun

personalism (countable and uncountable, plural personalisms)

(philosophy) A doctrine of subjective idealism that regards personality as the means of interpreting reality.


canophilia

Synonym of cynophilia (“The love of dogs.”)


lexiconophilia

The love of dictionaries and other books of words.


lygophilia

From Ancient Greek λύγη (lúgē, “twilight”) and φιλέω (philéō, “I love”).


cartophilia

The love of cigarette cards, trade cards, postcards, etc.


germanophilia

The love of Germany, the Germans, or German culture.

germanofília

the love of the country, culture or people of Germany


Francophilia

The love or admiration of France, the French, or French culture.

francofília

love of France, the French or French culture


coprophilia

coprophilia (countable and uncountable, plural coprophilias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coprophilia.wav

(psychiatry) A marked interest in excrement; especially the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces and defecation.

嗜糞癥

marked interest in excrement; the use of feces for sexual excitement


bibliophilia

Perhaps his love for the Hebrew Bible prepared him for such finely tuned philanthropy. Or maybe his bibliophilia has consequences for anthropology.

2017, Andrew Gow, Peter Sabo, editors, Tzedek, Tzedek Tirdof: Poetry, Prophecy, and Justice in Hebrew Scripture: Essays in Honor of Francis Landy on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday, Boston: BRILL, →ISBN, page VII:

(rare) Love or fascination with the Bible.


razor

From Middle English rasour, from Old French rasour, from raser (“to scrape, to shave”). More at rat.
Displaced native Old English sċierseax (literally “shaving knife”).

ncog

Occam's razor, Hanlon's razor

(philosophy) A conceptual device that allows one to shave away unlikely explanations for a phenomenon.


(ABDL) A lifestyle in which one wears and uses a diaper at all times.


lieben

de-verb

lieben (weak, third-person singular present liebt, past tense liebte, past participle geliebt, auxiliary haben)

liebt (present singular third-person)
liebte (past)
geliebt (participle past)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
lieben (infinitive)
liebend (participle present)
geliebt (participle past)
liebe (first-person indicative present singular)
lieben (first-person indicative plural present)
liebe (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lieben (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
liebst (indicative present second-person singular)
liebt (indicative plural present second-person)
liebest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
liebet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
liebt (indicative present singular third-person)
lieben (indicative plural present third-person)
liebe (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
lieben (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
liebte (first-person indicative preterite singular)
liebten (first-person indicative plural preterite)
liebte (first-person formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebten (first-person formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebtest (indicative preterite second-person singular)
liebtet (indicative plural preterite second-person)
liebtest (formal rare second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebtet (formal plural rare second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebte (indicative preterite singular third-person)
liebten (indicative plural preterite third-person)
liebte (formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
liebten (formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
lieb (imperative second-person singular)
liebe (imperative second-person singular)
liebt (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe geliebt (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben geliebt (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest geliebt (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet geliebt (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe geliebt (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben geliebt (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte geliebt (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten geliebt (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lieben werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest lieben (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde lieben (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde lieben (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden lieben (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest lieben (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde lieben (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
geliebt haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

Audio

Audio

Formally from Middle High German lieben, alteration (based on liep) of rarer liuben (“to make or be dear, to treat in a friendly way”), from Old High German liuben, equivalent to lieb + -en.
The singularly attested Old High German liobōn (“to love”) probably remained without continuation; the modern sense was derived in late Middle High German from the noun liebe (“love”) on the model of minnen (“to love”), from minne, which had developed a sexual overtone. It remained absent from most traditional dialects, which use variants of lieb haben or gern haben instead (compare the usage note below). Related to English love. Compare Dutch lieven.

(reflexive, poetic) to make love, to have sex


punk

en-noun

punk (countable and uncountable, plural punks)

Uncertain. Possibly from punk ("rotten wood dust used as tinder", attested since 1678; see Etymology 2 below) to anything worthless (attested since 1869) and then to any undesirable person (since 1908).

gl

(countable, US slang) A worthless person, particularly:

(humorous, rare) Synonym of fellow: any person, especially a male comrade.

He said the prisoner called them ‘punk’... He admitted that he shouted ‘punk’ to them.

1908 October 18, New York Times, page 9:

There was nothing so special about the gang, punks are punks.

I know what you're thinking. "Did he fire six shots or only five?" Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement I've kinda lost track myself. But being as this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: Do I feel lucky? Well, do ya, punk?

1971, Harry Julian Fink et al., Dirty Harry, spoken by Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood):

(derogatory) A petty criminal, especially a juvenile delinquent.

racaille

collective noun; female only if in the singular

Do you think a little thing like a scratch would bother me? I'm no punk.

Taking him home she hemmed him up soon as they stepped in the door. Now Tony was a bad dude in the streets but when it came to his mama, he was a punk. A few cuss words on her part had him spilling everything.

2006, Kali James, Can U Get Away?, page 17:

(derogatory) Synonym of sissy: a weak, timid person.

A worthless person
Synonym of sissy: a weak, timid person.

(circus slang) A young, untrained animal or worker.

A worthless person
A young, untrained animal or worker.

This fellow was just a punk... a nobody.

1933, Ernest Hemingway, Winner Take Nothing, page 94:


trope

Japanese: トロープ (torōpu)

Korean: 트로프 (teuropeu)

From Latin tropus, from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a manner, style, turn, way; a trope or figure of speech; a mode in music; a mode or mood in logic”), related to τροπή (tropḗ, “solstice; trope; turn”) and τρέπειν (trépein, “to turn”); compare turn of phrase. The verb is derived from the noun.

der

For [Georg Wilhelm Friedrich] Hegel, ancient skepticism preserved the essence of the skeptical principle, and the tropes express this principle. In the earlier ten tropes, there is, according to Hegel, a lack of abstraction that becomes obvious in the fact that their diversity could be grasped under more general points of view. […] Sextus [Empiricus] explains that the first four tropes are based on the judging subject; these deal with the differences among animals, the differences among human beings, the differences that distinguish the various senses, and, finally, circumstantial differences.

2003, Tanja Staehler, “The Historicity of Philosophy and the Role of Skepticism”, in David A. Duquette, editor, Hegel’s History of Philosophy: New Interpretations (SUNY Series in Hegelian Studies), Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 116:

(Greek philosophy) Any of the ten arguments used in skepticism to refute dogmatism.

Trope theory, though a minority view today, has been popular at various times throughout the history of philosophy, especially among medieval philosophers. Trope theory holds that properties and relations are themselves (unrepeatable) particulars. (Tropes are also called 'abstract particulars' – 'abstract' in the sense of fine, partial and diffuse, not in the sense of outside space and time.) Thus the redness of a particular billiard ball is a trope, located where the ball is and nowhere else. A different but exactly resembling billiard ball has a numerically different but exactly resembling redness trope. There is no colour property common to, or instantiated in, both balls (similarly all other properties and relations).

2017, Brian Garrett, What is this Thing Called Metaphysics?, 3rd edition, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, pages 55–56:

(metaphysics) A particular instance of a property (such as the specific redness of a rose), as contrasted with a universal.


peregrination

en-noun

peregrination (countable and uncountable, plural peregrinations)

/ˌpɛɹɪɡɹɪˈneɪʃn̩/

/ˌpɛɹəɡɹəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

From Late Middle English peregrinacioun, peregrinacion (“journey; pilgrimage; (figuratively) human journey through life”), from Anglo-Norman peregrinaciun (“human journey through life”), peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”), and Old French peregrinacion, peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”) (modern French pérégrination), and from their etymon Latin peregrīnātiō (“overseas sojourn or travel; (Late Latin) pilgrimage; sojourn; human journey through life”), from peregrīnātus (“living or travelling overseas”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns). Peregrīnātus is the perfect passive participle of peregrīnor (“to live or travel overseas; to be overseas; to roam, rove; to be a stranger”), from peregrīnus (“alien, foreign; exotic”) (from peregrē̆ (“abroad; from abroad; heading abroad”) + -īnus (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)) + -or (suffix forming first-person singular present passive indicative verbs).

der

It is true our life in this world is not called a baniſhment any where in the Scripture: but a pilgrimage, a peregrination, a travell; but perigrinatio cum ignominia conjunctu, exilium; he that leaves his Countrey becauſe he was aſhamed, or afraid to return to it, or to ſtay in it, is a baniſhed man.

1618 April 22, John Donne, “A Sermon Preached at White-hall Aprill 12. 1618.”, in XXVI. Sermons (Never before Publish’d) Preached by that Learned and Reverend Divine John Donne, […], London: […] Thomas Newcomb, […], published 1661, →OCLC, page 179:

(countable, chiefly theology, archaic) A person's life regarded as a temporary stay on earth and a journey to the afterlife.


love triangle

/ˈlʌv ˌtɹaɪ.æŋɡəl/

La Battaglia di Legnano is a patriotic melodrama with a love triangle theme included.

1961 December 12, The Times, p.5 col. F:

By placing Max and Onno in a love triangle with Ada, Mr. Mulisch achieves an emotional depth that recalls Francois Truffaut's classic film “Jules and Jim.”

1997 January 5, Jack Miles, “On a Mission From God”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A situation in which two suitors vie or compete for the love of the same person.

liefdesdriehoek

situation in which two people vie for the love of a third


jalousie

English: jealousy

Scots: jealousy

From Old French jalousie, derived from jalous, from Late Latin zelosus (“full of love and sympathy”), derived from Latin zelus (“zealous”), from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “envy, lust, rivalry”).


panentheism

Borrowed from German Panentheismus, coined by Karl Christian Friedrich Krause in 1828 from Ancient Greek πᾶν ἐν θεῷ (pân en theôi, “all in god”) + -ismus (“-ism”).

der

The third great age of humanity (das Reifalter) is that in which all its powers are fully and harmoniously developed... and in which panentheism is universally and cordially accepted as the only true and adequate doctrine either of science or of society.

1874, Robert Flint, The Philosophy of History in France and Germany, page 484:

Pantheism or panentheism... is condemned by the Church, as well as by the teachings of Schopenhauer and of the modern Hartmann.

1895, Benito Pérez Galdós, Doña perfecta, page 84:

This panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations. Thus ARCW, or absolute-relative panentheism, is the one doctrine that really states the whole of what all theists, if not all atheists as well, are implicitly talking about.

1964, Charles Hartshorne, Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism, page 348:

(philosophy, religion) A doctrine that the universe subsists within God, but that God nevertheless transcends or has some existence separate from the universe.

panenteisme

a doctrine that the universe is within God


impression

en-noun

impression (countable and uncountable, plural impressions)

From Old French impression, from Latin impressio.

Let us, therefore, use a little freedom, and call them Impressions; employing that word in a sense somewhat different from the usual. By the term impression, then, I mean all our more lively perceptions, when we hear, or see, or feel, or love, or hate, or desire, or will. And impressions are distinguished from ideas, which are the less lively perceptions, of which we are conscious, when we reflect on any of those sensations or movements above mentioned.

1748, David Hume, “Of the Origin of Ideas”, in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding:

(philosophy) The vivid perception of something as it is experienced, in contrast to ideas or thoughts drawn from memory or the imagination.

aistimus

philosophy: vivid perception of something as it is experienced


Sheol

Borrowed from Hebrew שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל (sheól, “abode of the dead, underworld, netherworld, etc.”).

bor

Hebrew שְׁאוֹל

(Old Testament) The realm of the dead, the common grave of mankind, Hell. In older English translations of the Bible, notably the Authorized Version or King James Bible, this word sheol is translated inconsistently and variously as grave (31 times), pit (3 times) or hell (31 times: e.g., De. 32:22; 2Sa. 22:6; Job 11:8; Ps. 9:17).


formal

en-adj

formal (comparative more formal, superlative most formal)

more formal (comparative)
most formal (superlative)

From Middle English formel, borrowed from Old French formel, from Latin fōrmālis, from fōrma (“form”); equivalent to form + -al.

Formal series are defined without any reference to convergence.

(mathematics, philosophy) Relating to mere manipulation and construction of strings of symbols, without regard to their meaning.

формален

mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols


formal

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrmālis. By surface analysis, forma + -al.

(logic) formal (involving mere manipulations of symbols)


ordure

English: ordure

Borrowed from Middle French ordure and Anglo-Norman ordure, ordeur(e), ordor(e), ordour.


porky

When she turned up at the lab, she gave us a sprawling prepared presentation relying heavily on anecdotal evidence, where it wasn't relying on skewed statistics, unfounded claims and outright porkies.

2007, Christopher Brookmyre, Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks, →ISBN, page 203:

Cockney rhyming slang
Cockney rhyming slang


hedonism

en-noun

hedonism (usually uncountable, plural hedonisms)

First attested 1856: from Ancient Greek ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”) + -ism.

Epicureanism

advocating mental pleasures & a need for most typical virtues to avoid pain

(ethics, uncountable) The philosophical belief that happiness, particularly sensual pleasure, is the highest good in life.


(logic) intensional disjunction, as in some relevant logics.


Tartarus

From Latin Tartarus, from Ancient Greek Τάρταρος (Tártaros).

[…] them with Fire and hoſtile Arms / Fearleſs aſſault, and to the brow of Heav'n / Purſuing, drive them out from God and bliſs, / Into thir place of puniſhment, the Gulf / Of Tartarus, which ready opens wide / His fiery Chaos to receave thir fall.

1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 50–55:

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A dark and gloomy part of the realm of Hades, reserved for the damned and the wicked, such as the Titans; an equivalent of hell in Greek and Roman mythology.


solipsism

en-noun

solipsism (countable and uncountable, plural solipsisms)

From Latin sōlus (“alone”) + ipse (“self”) + -ism.

(philosophy) The idea that the self is all that exists or that can be proven to exist.


old man

old man (countable and uncountable, plural old men)

From Middle English alde mann, aldman, elde man, oldeman, from Old English eald man.

(theology, uncountable) Synonym of Old Adam


pamper

en-verb

pamper (third-person singular simple present pampers, present participle pampering, simple past and past participle pampered)

pampers (present singular third-person)
pampering (participle present)
pampered (participle past)
pampered (past)

From Middle English pamperen (“to cram with food”), from Middle Dutch *pamperen (“to cram with food”), frequentative of *pampen (“to stuff”), from Proto-Germanic *pamp- (“to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bamb- (“round object”), equivalent to pamp + -er.
Cognate with West Flemish pamperen (“to cram with food, overindulge”), Middle Low German pampen (“to stuff oneself”), dialectal German pampfen (“to cram”), dialectal Danish pampe (“to boast, brag”).

cog

(informal, chiefly ABDL) To put someone in pampers (a diaper).


douce

English: douce

Scots: douce

Borrowed from Old French dous, dolz, douce, from Latin dulcem.


superject

Thus the eternal relatedness is of the form — the είδος —; the emergent actual occasion is the superject of informed value; value, as abstracted from any particular superject, is the abstract matter — the ϋλη — which is common to all actual occasions and the synthetic activity which prehends valueless possibility into superjicient informed value is the substantial activity.

1925, Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World, →ISBN:

(philosophy) The emergent actual occasion from which value is abstracted.


mem

az-noun

mem (definite accusative memi, plural memlər)

memi (accusative definite)
memlər (plural)


mem

mem (nominative singular)
memy (nominative plural)
memu (genitive singular)
memů (genitive plural)
memu (dative singular)
memům (dative plural)
mem (accusative singular)
memy (accusative plural)
meme (singular vocative)
memy (plural vocative)
memu (locative singular)
memech (locative plural)
memem (instrumental singular)
memy (instrumental plural)


mem

mem (nominative singular)
memy (nominative plural)
memu (genitive singular)
memów (genitive plural)
memowi (dative singular)
memom (dative plural)
mem (accusative singular)
memy (accusative plural)
memem (instrumental singular)
memami (instrumental plural)
memie (locative singular)
memach (locative plural)
memie (singular vocative)
memy (plural vocative)

meme (something copied and circulated online)


mem

mem (indefinite nominative singular)
mems (genitive indefinite singular)
memen (definite nominative singular)
memens (definite genitive singular)
memer (indefinite nominative plural)
memers (genitive indefinite plural)
memerna (definite nominative plural)
memernas (definite genitive plural)

From English meme coined by Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene (1976), similar to gene. The book was translated to Swedish by Roland Adlerbeth, Den själviska genen (1983). The Swedish word mem follows the grammar of gen (“gene”).

(Internet, chiefly in the alternative form "meme") a meme


pederast

Borrowed from French pédéraste, from Ancient Greek παιδεραστής (paiderastḗs, “lover of boys”), from παῖς (paîs, “boy”) and ἐραστής (erastḗs, “lover”).

der

A man who is engaged in an erotic relationship with an adolescent boy; a practitioner of pederasty.

男色者

だんしょくしゃ, danshokusha; なんしょくしゃ, nanshokusha


parental love

(by extension) Love which is similar to parental love.


cogito

en-noun

cogito (usually uncountable, plural cogitos)

The Cogito of Descartes and Husserl is an apprehension of fact. […] Such a Cogito is performed by a consciousness directed upon consciousness, a consciousness which takes consciousness as an object.

1957, Jean-Paul Sartre, translated by Forrest Williams and Robert Kirkpatrick, The Transcendence of the Ego, Noonday Press, pages 43–44:

But are there not as many consciousnesses or cogitos as there are individuals?

1966 Dec, Geoffrey Hartman, “Beyond Formalism”, in MLN, volume 81, number 5, page 551:

An obvious candidate for this class of propositions would be the cogito, whose evidence, Descartes insisted, is not founded on inference.

1984 Jan, Charles Larmore, “Descartes' Psychologistic Theory of Assent”, in History of Philosophy Quarterly, volume 1, number 1, page 65:

Benhabib proposes a […] "recognition that the subjects of reason are finite, embodied and fragile creatures, and not disembodied cogitos or abstract unities of transcendental apperception".

2000 Spring, Linnell Secomb, "Fractured Community," Hypatia, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 138

It may be thought that this leads to an even more radical skepticism than that envisaged by Descartes, since now even the cogito may be questioned.

2009 May, Ernest Sosa, “Précis of A Virtue Epistemology”, in Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, " vol. 144, no. 1, p. 109 n11:

I think therefore I am
I think therefore I am

(philosophy, often preceded by the, sometimes capitalized) The argument "cogito, ergo sum" ("I think therefore I am") from the philosophy of René Descartes; the mental act of thinking this thought; a conscious being which performs this mental act.


pedophile

From pedo- (“child”) + -phile, after Ancient Greek παιδοφῐ́λης (paidophílēs) (from παῖς (paîs, “boy, child”) + φιλέω (philéō, “I love”)).

com

Apart from his sexual behavior, the pedophile is typically law abiding.

1982, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Criminal Justice Abstracts, volume 14, page 253:

The pedophile, a particular type of child molester, is an adult whose conscious sexual interests and overt sexual behavior are directly either partially or exclusively toward children.

1986, Patrick B. McGuigan, Jon S. Pascale, Crime and Punishment in Modern America, page 109:

(psychiatry, sexology) A person aged 16 or older who is mostly or only sexually attracted toward prepubescent children.


Hades

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Hades.wav

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs).

lbor

(Greek mythology) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.

(Greek mythology) The underworld, the domain of Hades, by transference from its god.

In the Septuagint Bible, the Greek translation of Sheol.

(specifically, chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) Hell as a waiting place for damned souls before the Last Judgement, after which they may be cast in Gehenna.


Hades

Hades (nominative singular)
Hadesa (genitive singular)
Hadesowi (dative singular)
Hadesa (accusative singular)
Hadesem (instrumental singular)
Hadesie (locative singular)
Hadesie (singular vocative)


Hades

Hades (nominative singular)
Hadesu (genitive singular)
Hadesowi (dative singular)
Hades (accusative singular)
Hadesem (instrumental singular)
Hadesie (locative singular)
Hadesie (singular vocative)


Hades

Learned borrowing from Latin Hades, from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs).

(Greek mythology) Hades (god of the underworld)

(Greek mythology) Hades (the underworld, the domain of Hades)


polyamory

en-noun

polyamory (usually uncountable, plural polyamories)

[ˌpɒlɪˈæməɹi]

From poly- (from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”)) + Latin amor (“love”) + -y.

af

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">πολύς</i> (polús, “many”)

Some of these are poly intimacy, polyamory, polygamy, omnigamy, multimate, multiple adult relationship, combo, cellular family, expanded family, nonexclusive relationship, intimate friendship and inclusive relationship.

1992, Deborah M. Anapol, Love without limits, page 4:

Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.

puliamore

practices involving relationships with multiple partners


libertas

la-noun

lībertās f (genitive lībertātis); third declension

lībertās (canonical feminine)
lībertātis (genitive)
lībertās (nominative singular)
lībertātēs (nominative plural)
lībertātis (genitive singular)
lībertātum (genitive plural)
lībertātī (dative singular)
lībertātibus (dative plural)
lībertātem (accusative singular)
lībertātēs (accusative plural)
lībertāte (ablative singular)
lībertātibus (ablative plural)
lībertās (singular vocative)
lībertātēs (plural vocative)

→ Friulian: libertât

→ Italian: libertà

Old Occitan:

→ Catalan: llibertat

→ Occitan: libertat

→ Old French: liberté

French: liberté

→ Romanian: libertate

→ Middle English: liberte

English: liberty

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: liberdade

Galician: liberdade

Portuguese: liberdade

→ Sicilian: libbirtati (old Sicilian)

Sicilian: libbirtà

→ Old Spanish: libertat

→ Spanish: libertad

→ Venetan: łibartà

[lʲiːˈbɛrt̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *louðortāts, equivalent to līber (“free”) + -tās. Cognate with Faliscan 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏 (loifirtato).


hedonist

From Ancient Greek ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”) + -ist.


determinism

en-noun

determinism (countable and uncountable, plural determinisms)

Borrowed from French déterminisme, equivalent to determine + -ism.

Pereboom’s book presents probably the best available argument for hard incompatibilism (the view that free will is not compatible with causal determinism), and his defence of the sourcehood view is just part of this overall argument.

2015 January 1, John Danaher, “The Free Will Debate: Sourcehood or Alternative Possibilities?”, in Philosophical Disquisitions:

(philosophy) The doctrine that all actions are determined by the current state and immutable laws of the universe, with no possibility of choice.


determinism

determinism (indefinite nominative singular)


necromancy

necromancy (countable and uncountable, plural necromancies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-necromancy.wav

Circa 1300, from Middle English nigromancye, from Old French nigromancie, from Medieval Latin nigromantia, from Latin necromantia, from Ancient Greek νεκρομαντεία (nekromanteía), νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”) + μαντεία (manteía, “divination”). Medieval Latin spelling, incorporating niger (“black”), influenced by the notion of black art. Modern spelling adopted in mid-1500s. By surface analysis, necro- + -mancy.

der

νεκρομαντεία

And for to make this treatise the more pleasaunt and facill, I have put it in forme of a Dialogue, which I have diuided into three bookes: The first speaking of Magie in general, and Necromancie in special.

1597, King James Daemonologie, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

And in one word for all, Nagomancy, or Necromancy; by inspecting, consulting, and divining by, with, or from the dead.

1652, Gaule The Magastromancer, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

1867 E. Rogers, quoted in K. Thomas Relig. & Decline of Magic
the Devil did often tempt me to study necromancy and nigromancy and to make use of magic, and to make a league with him...

There is no doubt..that necromancy is the touch-stone of occultism...

Loosely, any sorcery or witchcraft, especially involving death or the dead, particularly sorcery involving raising or reanimating the dead.


monogamy

en-noun

monogamy (countable and uncountable, plural monogamies)

From French monogamie, from Late Latin monogamia, from Ancient Greek μονογαμία (monogamía). By surface analysis, mono- + -gamy.

A form of sexual bonding involving a permanent pair bond between two beings.


free will

From Middle English fre will, fre wil, fre wille.

Some people deny that humans have free will, and argue that every thought and action is preordained by God.

You can bind my limbs, but you can never deprive me of my free will.

What is free will but the power of volition and action, and of thought and speech, to all appearance as of one's self?

1869, Emmanuel Swedenborg, translated by R Norman Foster, The True Christian Religion:

The new challenge to free will comes from a different direction: neuroscience's discovery that people's brains are a collection of diversely oriented modules, and that our understanding of our own intentionality is to a great degree a legitimating fiction which one module in the left hemisphere of the brain retroactively imposes over the decisions different modules make.

2012 January 12, “Free will and politics”, in The Economist:

(philosophy, Christianity) The ability to choose one's actions and make choices that are not predetermined by predestination, fate, etc.


intelligence

intelligence (countable and uncountable, plural intelligences)

From Middle English intelligence, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intelligentia, which is from inter- (“between”) + legere (“choose, pick out, read”), or Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”). Doublet of intelligentsia.

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public

no one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public

Not so, however, with Tarzan, the man-child. His life amidst the dangers of the jungle had taught him to meet emergencies with self-confidence, and his higher intelligence resulted in a quickness of mental action far beyond the powers of the apes.

1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 5, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:

...the test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function.

1936 Feb., F. Scott Fitzgerald, "The Crack-Up", Esquire

Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:

(chiefly uncountable) Capacity of mind, especially to understand principles, truths, facts or meanings, acquire knowledge, and apply it to practice; the ability to comprehend and learn; the ability to process sentient experience to generate true beliefs with a justified degree of confidence.

From a religious point of view, a bodhisattva with sharp faculties and great intelligence can cause a tremendous upheaval if he or she misuses that power under the influence of negative emotions, like attachment and hatred.

2018, Dalai Lama, translated by Dhondup Tsering, Introduction to Buddhism, →ISBN, page 8:

(chiefly uncountable) The quality of making use or having made use of such capacities: depth of understanding, mental quickness.


ailurophilia

/ˌaɪljʊəɹəˈfɪlɪ.ə/

/aɪˌlʊɹəˈfɪli.ə/

/eɪˌlʊɹəˈfɪli.ə/

From ailuro- (“cat”) + -philia (“love”), from Ancient Greek αἴλουρος (aílouros, “cat”) + φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved”).

der

A fondness or love for cats or other felines.


identical

(usually pluralized, chiefly philosophy) Something which has exactly the same properties as something else.


فيلسوف

ar-noun

فَيْلَسُوفَانِ

فَيْلَسُوف • (faylasūf) m (dual فَيْلَسُوفَانِ (faylasūfāni), plural فَلَاسِفَة (falāsifa))

فَيْلَسُوف (canonical)
faylasūf (romanization)
فَيْلَسُوفَانِ (dual)
فَلَاسِفَة (plural)
فَيْلَسُوف (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوف (definite informal singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوف (construct informal singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوفُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوفَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوفِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوفَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوفَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوفَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْفَيْلَسُوفَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
فَيْلَسُوفَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
فَلَاسِفَة (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْفَلَاسِفَة (ar-infl-a broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
فَلَاسِفَة (ar-infl-a broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
فَلَاسِفَةٌ (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْفَلَاسِفَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
فَلَاسِفَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
فَلَاسِفَةً (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْفَلَاسِفَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite plural triptote)
فَلَاسِفَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct plural triptote)
فَلَاسِفَةٍ (ar-infl-a broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْفَلَاسِفَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
فَلَاسِفَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: فَیْلَسُوف (faylasūf)
Tajik: файласуф (faylasuf)
→ Gujarati: ફૈલસૂફ (phailsūph)
→ Chagatai:
Uyghur: پەيلاسوپ (peylasop)
Uzbek: faylasuf

From Ancient Greek φιλόσοφος (philósophos, literally “lover of wisdom”).


genius

la-noun

genius m (genitive geniī or genī); second declension

geniī (genitive)
genī (genitive)
genius (nominative singular)
geniī (nominative plural)
geniī (genitive singular)
genī (genitive singular)
geniōrum (genitive plural)
geniō (dative singular)
geniīs (dative plural)
genium (accusative singular)
geniōs (accusative plural)
geniō (ablative singular)
geniīs (ablative plural)
genī (singular vocative)
geniī (plural vocative)

Catalan: giny, → geni

→ Dutch: genie

→ English: genius, genie

→ French: génie

→ English: genie

→ German: Genie

→ German: Genius

→ Italian: genio

→ Portuguese: génio, gênio (Brazil)

→ Romanian: geniu

→ Serbo-Croatian: genij

→ Spanish: genio

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”), perhaps through Old Latin genō (“to beget, give birth; to produce, cause”), + *-yos; compare Proto-Germanic *kunją (“kin”) and Sanskrit जन्य n (jánya, “lineage, tribe, people”), though all probably independent formations. Comparisons with Aramaic ܓܢܝܐ (ginnaya, “tutelary deity”), and with Arabic جِنِّي (jinnī, “jinn, spirit, demon”) and جَنِين (janīn, “embryo, germ”), suggest the effects of an older substrate word.

noncog

the deity or guardian spirit of a person, place, etc.; a daemon, a daimon (cf. Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn))


aporia

Borrowed from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía), from ἄπορος (áporos, “impassable”), from ἀ- (a-, “a-”) + πόρος (póros, “passage”).

But Green issues are already a contested zone, already a site where politicization is being fought for. In what follows, I want to stress two other aporias in capitalist realism, which are not yet politicized to anything like the same degree. The first is mental health.

2009, Mark Fisher, chapter 3, in Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?, Zero Books, →ISBN, page 19:

EL James's multimillion selling series of novels ‘encodes the aporias of heterosexual relationships’, according to Professor Eva Illouz[.]

2014 May 27, Alison Flood, quoting Eva Illouz, “Fifty Shades of Grey is really a self-help book, says academic”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Plato believed that the core impulse to philosophizing lies in aporia, the point at which, in struggling to understand a phenomenon or answer a question, we come up against a seemingly irresolvable contradiction.

2018, David Auerbach, Bitwise: A Life in Code, Vintage, →ISBN:

(philosophy, post-structuralism) An insoluble contradiction, especially in a text's meaning; a logical impasse suggested by a text or speaker.


aporia

id-noun

aporia (plural aporia-aporia, first-person possessive aporiaku, second-person possessive aporiamu, third-person possessive aporianya)

aporia-aporia (plural)
aporiaku (first-person possessive)
aporiamu (possessive second-person)
aporianya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


aporia

aporia (nominative singular)
aporii (genitive singular)
aporii (dative singular)
aporię (accusative singular)
aporią (instrumental singular)
aporii (locative singular)
aporio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


anthropomorphism

en-noun

anthropomorphism (countable and uncountable, plural anthropomorphisms)

/ˌænθɹəpəˈmɔɹfɪzəm/

Coined in the mid-1700s. From Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”) and μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”). By surface analysis, anthropo- + -morphism.

surf

Literature is full of examples of anthropomorphism, especially in children’s stories, from The Wind in the Willows to Watership Down.

2016 January 14, Stephen Ross, “What you see in this picture says more about you than the kangaroo”, in The Guardian:

The attribution of human characteristics and behavior to something not human.

antropomorfisme

the attribution or ascription of human characteristics to something not human

(theology) The attribution of human characteristics to divine entities.


monism

en-noun

monism (countable and uncountable, plural monisms)

The word was coined by German philosopher Baron Christian von Wolff and first used in English in 1862, from New Latin monismus, from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone”). By surface analysis, mon- + -ism.

(philosophy, religion) The doctrine of the oneness and unity of reality, despite the appearance of diversity in the world.


skeptic

Borrowed from Middle French sceptique (but with a pronunciation closer to that of the Greek etymon), or possibly directly from Late Latin scepticus (originally attested only in the plural Scepticī (“the sect of Skeptics”)), from Ancient Greek σκεπτικός (skeptikós, “thoughtful, inquiring”), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I consider”), compare to σκοπέω (skopéō, “I view, examine”).

der

(in particular) Someone who is skeptical towards religion.


大道

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大道):
* → Japanese: 大道(だいどう) (daidō)
* → Korean: 대도(大道) (daedo)
* → Vietnamese: đại đạo (大道)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔ⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ to²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔ⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ to²²/


fundamentalism

fundamentalism (accusative indefinite nominative)
fundamentalismul (accusative definite nominative)
fundamentalism (indefinite)
fundamentalismului (definite)
fundamentalismule (vocative)

Borrowed from French fondamentalisme. By surface analysis, fundamental + -ism.


self-fulfilling prophecy

en-noun

self-fulfilling prophecy (plural self-fulfilling prophecies)

Coordinate term: self-defeating prophecy

Whether or not we believe in astrology is irrelevant; the question is, did the Magdalenians? If so, then in a self-fulfilling prophecy they may have been organizing their lives according to a religious belief system, and not simply an economic or ecological one.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 130:

Operator Abellio ScotRail doubled the Mon-Sat service from one train in each direction to two from May 2019 - it being something of a self-fulfilling prophecy that if you lay on trains, people might use them.

2022 January 26, Stephen Roberts, “Top of the stops: our least used stations”, in RAIL, number 949, page 56:

(philosophy, sociology) A prediction that, by being voiced, causes itself to come true.


noumenon

From German Noumenon, from Ancient Greek νοούμενον (nooúmenon, “thing that is known”), passive present participle of νοέω (noéō, “I know”).

der

The final result of Kant's philosophy, expressed in the concisest terms, was the proposition, so humiliating to human cognition, but, at the same time, so fertile in consequences, that we can know only phenomena, or the outward appearances of things, but not the noumenon, or the thing in itself.

1871 January, David Asher, “Schopenhauer and Darwinism”, in Journal of Anthropology, volume 1, number 3, page 317:

We have no specific concept of the noumenon, but think of it merely as whatever the object may be apart from the manner in which our knowledge exhibits it.

1954 July, Bella K. Milmed, “Theories of Religious Knowledge from Kant to Jaspers”, in Philosophy, volume 29, pages 197–198:

That, we have seen, is what prevents the two truths from collapsing into an appearance/reality or phenomenon/noumenon distinction.

2003 January, Jay L. Garfield, Graham Priest, “Nāgārjuna and the Limits of Thought”, in Philosophy East & West, volume 53, number 1, page 16:

(from Kantian philosophy on) A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.

نُومِينُون

thing as it is independent of any conceptualization — see also thing-in-itself


noumenon

noumenon (nominative singular)
noumenony (nominative plural)
noumenonu (genitive singular)
noumenonów (genitive plural)
noumenonowi (dative singular)
noumenonom (dative plural)
noumenon (accusative singular)
noumenony (accusative plural)
noumenonem (instrumental singular)
noumenonami (instrumental plural)
noumenonie (locative singular)
noumenonach (locative plural)
noumenonie (singular vocative)
noumenony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Noumenon. Doublet of noumen.

(Kantian philosophy) noumenon, thing-in-itself (thing as it is independent of any conceptualization)

(Platonic philosophy) noumenon (essence of a thing, as opposed to a phenomenon, knowable only by reason)


自由

→ Zhuang: swyouz

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/

/t͡sʰɨ³³ ʒiu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iu¹¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁵ iəu¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/t͡su³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/

/t͡sʰɨ³³ ʒiu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iu¹¹/

/t͡sz̩⁴⁵ iəu¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/t͡su³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

Attestable from at least the Han dynasty.


tomboy

a girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner


casus

(logic, philosophy, obsolete) A possible world, as a starting point for reasoning.


if and only if

A rectangle is a square if and only if all four of its sides have the same length.

An integer is even if and only if its square is also even.

(logic, mathematics) Is equivalent to; implies and is implied by; is true and false in the same cases as.

тогда́ и то́лько тогда́

, когда́ ...


fraud

en-noun

fraud (countable and uncountable, plural frauds)

From Middle English fraude (recorded since 1345), from Old French fraude, a borrowing from Latin fraus (“deceit, injury, offence”).