alphabetism

The injustice of "alphabetism" is, of course, a thorn in the Zitser side, and he playfully promises to assign the problem to "alphabetically neutral" aides.

1983, George F. Will, The Pursuit of Virtue and Other Tory Notions, page 134:

Discrimination on the basis of the first letter of a name.


anti-Semitism

en-noun

anti-Semitism (countable and uncountable, plural anti-Semitisms)

/ˌæntɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/

Leibniz Institute for the German Language

From German Antisemitismus. It is typically said that German political agitator Wilhelm Marr invented the term to replace Judenhaß (literally “Jew-hatred”) to make hatred of the Jews seem rational and sanctioned by scientific knowledge; Marr founded the Antisemitenliga ("Anti-Semites' League") in 1879, used the terms Semitismus and Antisemiten in his 1879 and 1880 pamphlets Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum and Der Weg zum Siege des Germanenthums über das Judenthum, and used Antisemitismus at least as early as his 1885 pamphlet Lessing contra Sem. The related term antisemitisch (“anti-semitic”) was first used in 1860, by Jewish scholar Moritz Steinschneider. See Wikipedia's article on the etymology and usage of the term.
The term is superficially/synchronically equivalent to anti- + Semitism (see Semite), for which reason it is rarely extended to cover prejudice against any Semitic people, or against adherents of any of the religions that originated among the Semitic peoples (the Abrahamic religions). See the usage notes.

Anti-Semitism means spreading enmity towards the Jews. When the accursed tsarist monarchy was living its last days it tried to incite ignorant workers and peasants against the Jews. The tsarist police, in alliance with the landowners and the capitalists, organised pogroms against the Jews. The landowners and capitalists tried to divert the hatred of the workers and peasants who were tortured by want against the Jews. In other countries, too, we often see the capitalists fomenting hatred against the Jews in order to blind the workers, to divert their attention from the real enemy of the working people, capital.

1919, Lenin, V. I., “Anti-Jewish Pogroms”, in George Hanna, transl., Lenin’s Collected Works, 4th edition, Progress Publisher, published 1972, pages 252 - 253:

It isn’t surprising that American Jews fear far-right anti-Semitism more than anti-Semitism from any other source: the Anti-Defamation League has found that it is the source of the vast majority of ideologically motivated extremist violence in the U.S.

2020, Joel Swanson, “Are anti-Semitism fears stopping Jewish Dems from supporting Bernie Sanders?”, in The Forward:

(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.


banana

banana (countable and uncountable, plural bananas)

Borrowed from Portuguese banana or Spanish banana, derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region. Specific derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.
The racial slur derives from the notion that they are "Yellow (East-Asian) on the outside, White (Westernized) on the inside".

banánový (corresponding to English attributive use)

(corresponding to English attributive use) banánový

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of East or Southeast Asian descent, considered to be overly assimilated and subservient to white authority.


handmaiden

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-handmaiden.wav

* From Middle English hande mayden, handmaiden, hand mayden, hand-mayden, handmayden, hondemaiden, hond maydyn, hoondmaydyn; equivalent to hand + maiden, the first component in the sense of "ready at hand".
* (feminist woman who supports transgender rights): An allusion to Margaret Atwood's novel The Handmaid's Tale (1985), in which "handmaids" are women who serve the male commanders in a patriarchal dystopia.

sense

Online and over Shabbat dinners, arguments about the election have grown bitter. Those grudgingly planning to vote for Labour have been called traitors to the community and self-hating Jews. Anti-Corbyn die-hards, on the other hand, have been branded the handmaidens of a hard Brexit.

2019 November 21, Benjamin Mueller, “At Odds With Labour, Britain’s Jews Are Feeling Politically Homeless”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-13:

The fact that it is not possible to be seen as a supporter of trans people's human rights, as all feminists are or at least should be, unless we fully capitulate and take the metaphorical – and sometimes literal – boot in the face shows how extreme trans activists, enabled by their handmaiden allies, are nothing but a misogynistic men’s rights movement.

2020 July 22, Julie Bindel, “Trans activists risk falling for misogyny”, in The Spectator:

Solidarity with trans people but not women[,] I note[,] Angela. Especially the boring ones who fought for rights that you now enjoy. Enjoy being a handmaiden.

2021 November 10, Rebecca Chandler (@RachelWilde13), Twitter:

I have been called a handmaiden, a “pick me” girl, and been accused of vying for male attention.

2022 February 4, Marie Le Conte, “Feminism has been reduced to the transgender debate”, in The New Statesman:

(gender-critical, derogatory) A feminist woman who supports transgender rights.


SA

Initialism of North Sulawesi, a province of Indonesia.


RR

en-noun

RR (countable and uncountable, plural RRs)


talk

talk (countable and uncountable, plural talks)

From Middle English talk, talke (“conversation; discourse”), from the verb (see above).

Later, I made sure to have the talk with my son about being a black boy, […]

2012, Crystal McCrary, Inspiration: Profiles of Black Women Changing Our World, →ISBN:

All the black parents I have ever spoken to have had “the talk” with their sons and daughters. “The talk” is a conversation about how to behave and not to behave with police.

2016, Jim Wallis, America's Original Sin: Racism, White Privilege, and the Bridge, →ISBN:

Now, I was a black man in the South, and my folks had had “the talk” with me. No, not the one about the birds and bees. This one is about the black man and the police.

2016, Stuart Scott, Larry Platt, Every Day I Fight, →ISBN, page 36:

(preceded by the) A customary conversation by parent(s) or guardian(s) with their (often teenage) child about a reality of life; in particular:

(US) A customary conversation in which the parent(s) of a black child explain the racism and violence they may face, especially when interacting with police, and strategies to manage it.


egg

egg (countable and uncountable, plural eggs)

→⇒ German: not the yellow from the egg

Jamaican Creole: eg

Sranan Tongo: eksi

The noun is derived from Middle English eg, egg, egge (“egg of a domestic or wild fowl; egg of a snake”) [and other forms] (originally Northern England and Northeast Midlands), from Old Norse egg (“egg”), from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”) (by Holtzmann’s law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), probably from *h₂éwis (“bird”), from *h₂ew- (“to clothe oneself, dress; to be dressed”) (in the sense of an animal clothed in feathers). Doublet of huevo, oeuf, and ovum.
The native English ey [and other forms] (plural eyren) (obsolete), from Old English ǣġ, is also derived from Proto-Germanic *ajją. It survived into at least c. 16th century before being fully displaced by egg.
The verb is derived from the noun.

wôwan

approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development

ou

thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg

egg

person regarded as having not yet realized they are transgender, or who has not yet come out as transgender or is in the early stages of transitioning; one’s lack of awareness that one is transgender

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

(derogatory, ethnic slur, rare) A white person considered to be overly infatuated with East Asia.


race

en-noun

race (countable and uncountable, plural races)

From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs (“a strong current”), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.

cog

I have lately seen a shuttle machine of Messrs. Grover Baker's construction, in which the shuttle worked in a semi-circular race and produced two stitches at each revolution of the wheel.

1860, Charles Cole, The Sewing Machine, and its Capabilities, page 53:

Meanwhile another lug on the shuttle-band engages another carrier at the other end of the loom, and the belt, continuing to move in the same direction, conveys the carrier across the race in a similar manner as above described.

1872 November 29, “Improved Loom for Weaving Fabrics of Any Width”, in The English Mechanic and Word of Science, volume 16, number 401, page 259:

A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:

(sewing, weaving) A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves.


race

1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind.
theories
* Diez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says "the semantic fit is good" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested.
* Some scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke.
* Meyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says "the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza.
* Gianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely.
* Other suggested Latin etyma:
** radius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist).
** radix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says "the semantic match is excellent", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible.
** *raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting).
** The nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem.
* Other implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning "stud animal" (Basque arrazza, "race", derives from Spanish).

raça

a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics

عِرْق

a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics

raça

a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics

And now I give my sensual race the rein.

c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, act 2, scene 4:

[…]some great race of fancy or judgment in the contrivance[…]

1685, Sir William Temple, Upon the Gardens of Epicurus; or, Of Gardening:

His conversation, too, had a race and flavour peculiarly its own: it was nervous, sententious, and tinctured with genuine wit.

1807, Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Honourable Henry Home of Kames, volume 1, book 2, chapter 1, Edinburgh: William Creech, page 181:

(obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition.

In ſeveral orders of knighthood, as in that of Malta, &c. the candidates muſt prove a nobility of four races or deſcents.

1738 [1728], Ephraim Chambers, “Race”, in Cyclopaedia: Or, An Universal Dictionary Of Arts and Sciences, 2nd edition, London: D. Midwinter:

Perhaps this is the reason why it is an article of faith with the servants, handed down from race to race, that the departed Tisher was a hairdresser.

1870, Charles Dickens, “The Nun's House”, in The Mystery of Edwin Drood:

For the old stock is fast dying out, Jennie, / And a young race is taking their place, / In our grandmothers' day they had sense, Jennie, / No powder or paints on their face.

1929 December, Johnny Burke, “No Short Skirts To Their Knees”, in Burke's Popular Songs, St. John's, Newfoundland: Long Brothers:

(obsolete) A step in a lineage or succession; a generation.


race

en-verb

race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)

races (present singular third-person)
racing (participle present)
raced (participle past)
raced (past)

[…]and after he be-heilde towarde the fier, and saugh the flesshe that the knaue hadde rosted that was tho I-nough, and raced it of with his hondes madly, and rente it a-sonder in peces, and wette it in mylke, and after in the hony, and ete as a wood man that nought ther lefte of the flessh;[…]

c. 1450, chapter 23, in Henry Benjamin Wheatley, editor, Merlin or the Early History of King Arthur, volume 2, Early English Text Society, published 1899, page 424:


娣

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “young family member”).
Same word as 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “younger brother”).

och-l

younger of two women married to a man; (in general) concubine of a man

招娣

引娣

Used in the given name of a girl to symbolize the hope that she will have a younger brother.


nazi

Borrowed from German Nazi, a shortening of Nationalsozialist (“National Socialist”).


nazi

es-adj

nazi m or f (masculine and feminine plural nazis)


NSDAP

de-proper noun

die NSDAP f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der NSDAP)

die NSDAP (canonical feminine)
der NSDAP (definite genitive)
NSDAP (nominative singular)
NSDAP (genitive singular)
NSDAP (dative singular)
NSDAP (accusative singular)

(historical) Abbreviation of Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (“National Socialist German Workers’ Party”, the “Nazi Party”).


white guilt

Is white guilt supposed to make me forget I'm running a business?

1997, Quentin Tarantino, Jackie Brown, spoken by Max Cherry (Robert Forster):

The individual or collective guilt felt by some white people for harm resulting from past or current racist treatment of other ethnicities by white people.


echo

en-noun

echo (countable and uncountable, plural echoes or echos)

From Middle English eccho, ecco, ekko, from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”). Possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as sough.

NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet
w:NATO Phonetic Alphabet

(international standards) Alternative letter-case form of Echo from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.


xenophobe

From xeno- + -phobe. From Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “foreign, strange”), + Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

uder

One who hates or fears strangers or foreigners.

vreemdelinge hater

one who fears or hates strangers or foreigners


prawn

en-noun

prawn (countable and uncountable, plural prawn or prawns)

First attested early 1400s as various Middle English forms prayne, prane, praune, and prawne, which present no clear cognates in languages other than English. The forms suggest a hypothetical Old English form *prægn, where *æg would have evolved into Middle English *ay, but it is unclear if the word is of Germanic origin, from another European language, or loaned from a substrate. In the Isle of Wight, a word prankle ("prawn") is recorded and thought to be related. Century, following Skeat, suggested transposition of an unrecorded Old French *parne, *perne related to Spanish perna (“a flat shellfish”), Old Italian perna and diminutive pernochie, parnocchie, glossed as "shrimps or prawne, fishes" by John Florio, but the OED considers Florio's entry incorrect and the suggested connection semantically and phonologically implausible.
(woman with toned body but unattractive face): From the idea of discarding the head of a prawn before eating it.

sense

She's a prawn!

(Australia, colloquial, derogatory) Synonym of butterface: A woman with an attractive body but an unattractive face.


shrimp

en-noun

shrimp (countable and uncountable, plural shrimp or shrimps)

From Middle English schrimpe (“shrimp, puny person”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skrimpaz (“shrivelled”) (compare Middle High German schrimpf (“a scratch, minor wound”), Norwegian skramp (“thin horse, thin man”)), from Proto-Germanic *skrimpaną (“to shrivel”) (compare Old English sċrimman (“to shrink”) and scrimp, Middle High German schrimpfen (“to shrink, dry up”), Swedish skrympa (“to shrink”)), from Proto-Indo-European *skremb-, *skr̥mb- (compare Lithuanian skrembti (“to crust over, stiffen”), and possibly Albanian shkrumb (“embers, ashes; crumble”)).

ပုစွန်

general term for prawn, shrimp, crab, lobster, scampi

(slang, uncommon) Synonym of butterface: a person with an attractive body but unattractive face.


sexist

When you argue […] that since fewer women write good poetry this justifies their total exclusion, you are taking a position analogous to that of the racist—I might call you in this case a "sexist"—who says that since so few Negroes have held positions of importance relative to the majority race, their exclusion from history books is a matter of good judgement rather than discrimination. Both the racist and the sexist are acting as if all that has happened had never happened, and both of them are making decisions and coming to conclusions about someone's value by referring to factors which are in both cases irrelevant.

1965 November 18, Pauline M. Leet, Women and the Undergraduate, Franklin and Marshall College, page 3:

I don't blame racists, sexists, lookists, or any other “ists” for what they personify and perpetuate. They are mere hostages of their egos.

2007, Fran Harris, Will the REAL You Please Stand Up?:

Narrators demonstrated resistance coping techniques through direct confrontation with aggressors, such as racists, sexists, homophobes, elitists, and misogynoirists.

2022 December 6, LeAnna T. Luney, “Like our foremothers survived: Self-education, direct confrontation, and humor as resistance coping in Black womxn and femme college student being”, in Frontiers in Education, volume 7, →DOI, page 10:

A person who discriminates on grounds of sex; someone who practises sexism.

sexista

a person who discriminates on grounds of sex


klavern

“I read a story about the klan in a national magazine. I decided, just for kicks, to see if I could obtain membership. Well, I got my membership card. And I was also appointed ‘Great Titan’ to organize and set up a klavern [local unit] here in Idaho.”

1965 February 25, Paul L. Bellesen, quotee, “The Klan's Man in Idaho A Card-Carrying Negro”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Ku Klux Klan

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”) and clan, split syllabically into three words, with the first letter of clan changing to a 'k' in order to match the initial letters of the previous two words.

bor+

The very suspicion of seditious utterances against the government, suspected complicity in the Ku Klux Klan, or complaint by a negro that a white man had been uppity to him were enough to land a citizen in jail.

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 653:

An American white supremacist secret society and terrorist organization.


glass ceiling

A metaphor using ceiling to suggest a barrier to upward mobility, and glass to allude to the often unacknowledged or “invisible” nature of this limitation.
Coined by US author and diversity advocate Marilyn Loden in 1978.

coin

There are fears of hitting a "glass ceiling" beyond which known or suspected gay men and lesbians cannot rise. According to Fortune: "In a 1987 survey by the Wall Street Journal, 66% of major-company CEO's said they would be reluctant to put a homosexual on management committees"

1991 December 15, Kathyrin E. Diaz, “Telling Fortune”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 22, page 7:

Women are “woefully” under-represented in parliament, the courts and the boardroom, with new research showing that the glass ceiling is still holding back 6,000 women from the top 33,000 jobs in Britain.

2007 January 5, Polly Curtis, “Six thousand women missing from boardrooms, politics and courts”, in The Guardian:

[…] it was the genteel chauvinism of the enlightened elites at Kleiner Perkins that carried with it the sting of betrayal. They promised her a meritocracy and gave her a glass ceiling instead: “It just wasn’t fair.”

2017 September 19, Jennifer Szalai, “The Education of Ellen Pao”, in New York Times:

“Has the glass ceiling shattered?” said Bakari Sellers, a political ally of Harris. “No, but it does have another crack.”

2021 November 19, Chris Megerian, quoting Bakari Sellers, “Kamala Harris makes history, again, as first woman with presidential power — for 85 minutes”, in Los Angeles Times:

And yet as we stand amid the metaphorical shards of all those shattered glass ceilings, it’s hard to ignore the fact that empowerment feminism hasn’t really delivered on its promises.

2022 July 29, Lux Alptraum, “Women, the Game Is Rigged. It’s Time We Stop Playing by the Rules.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

“My father really believed at some point that [communism]^([sic]) would be great for humanity, perhaps also because he was facing all the glass ceilings for being a Jewish boy,” she says.

2023 October 14, Raphael Minder, quoting Agnieszka Holland, “Lunch with the FT”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 3:

(idiomatic) An unwritten, uncodified barrier to further promotion or progression, in employment and elsewhere, for a member of a specific demographic group.


xenophobic

en-adj

xenophobic (comparative more xenophobic, superlative most xenophobic)

more xenophobic (comparative)
most xenophobic (superlative)

From xeno- + -phobic, from Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “foreign, strange”) + φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

Residents of Plettenberg Bay this week launched violent xenophobic attacks on foreign Africans living in informal settlements, beating them and ransacking their houses

It has not yet promised much in the way of serious debate about the migrant crisis or the EU’s failure to tackle it in a humane and coordinated manner, in the context of the Italian government’s increasingly xenophobic policies.

2019 May 17, “The Guardian view on the Venice Biennale’s migrant boat: pushing the limits of art”, in The Guardian:

Exhibiting or characterised by xenophobia, a fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners.

այլատյաց

exhibiting or characterised by xenophobia

:Category:English terms suffixed with -phobic


xenophobia

en-noun

xenophobia (countable and uncountable, plural xenophobias)

xenofobie

a pathological fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners

外国人恐怖症

がいこくじんきょうふしょう


racism

racism (usually uncountable, plural racisms)

From French racisme. See race, -ism for more.

For, if racism against non-whites is morally wrong and unjustifiable, then how can racism against whites be morally right and justifiable?

2007, Joseph Godson Amamoo, Ghana: 50 years of independence:

This was partly true, but the biggest thing stopping him was that he had tried going to a college in Adelaide before and grew tired of the little racisms and discrimination that he got there.

2016, Bernard Guerin, How to Rethink Human Behavior, →ISBN:

Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.

arʹsny öngöör jalgavarlan gaduurxax üzel

арьсны өнгөөр ялгаварлан гадуурхах үзэл


racist

1932 (noun), 1938 (adjective). Formed from racism (1928), paralleling French raciste (1892).
Replaced older racialist (1910). Equivalent to race + -ist.

Almost all the students I interviewed and worked with in group-facilitated discussions resisted being called a racist. This label was just too painful and for most students would not be accepted.

2009, Shirley R. Steinberg, Diversity and Multiculturalism: A Reader, page 104:

A person who believes in or supports racism; a person who believes that a particular race is superior to others, or who discriminates against other races.

rassis

person who believes a particular race is superior to others.

人種差別主義者

じんしゅさべつしゅぎしゃ


racist

nl-noun

racist m (plural racisten, diminutive racistje n)

racisten (plural)
racistje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: rasis


religionism

en-noun

religionism (countable and uncountable, plural religionisms)

discrimination or prejudice on the basis of religion or religious beliefs.


bias

bias (countable and uncountable, plural biases or biasses)

c. 1520 in the sense "oblique line". As a technical term in the game of bowls c. 1560, whence the figurative use (c. 1570).
From Middle French biais, adverbially ("sideways, askance, against the grain") c. 1250, as a noun ("oblique angle, slant") from the late 16th century.
The French word is likely from Old Occitan biais, itself of obscure origin, most likely from Vulgar Latin *biaxius (“with two axes”).

Morality […] give[s] a bias to all their [men's] actions.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 4, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book I, page 12:

nature has pointed out a mixed kind of life as most suitable to the human race, and secretly admonished them to allow none of these biasses to draw too much

1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 4:

Researchers worry that the people who are building artificial intelligence systems may be building their own biases into the technology.

2020 December 3, Cade Metz, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Researcher Says She Was Fired Over Paper Highlighting Bias in A.I.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Reshaping [of British Railways] was far from perfect. It was tainted by statistical overreach, the unconscious biases of its author, and by the political demands being placed upon the BRB by government.

2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 49:

(countable, uncountable) Inclination towards something.

تَحَيُّز

inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality


chaste

en-adj

chaste (comparative chaster, superlative chastest)

chaster (comparative)
chastest (superlative)

From Middle English chaste, from Old French chaste (“morally pure”), from Latin castus (“pure”).

... but the cars of chaste women have either coverings thrown over them, or white sheets hung over; for instance, on the cars of the female part of the family of the deceased Nawabs Khanduran and Muzaffar Khan, there used generally to be fastened thick dirty white cloths, and in like manner also on their palanquins—although one brother was the chief treasurer, and the other a commander of seven thousand men. And most assuredly this is a requirement of modesty; for one whose palanquin or cart is turned out with much splendour, verily the idea comes to the minds of the sight-seers and common people, that in it there must be some lovely one, bright as the morning, the envy of the fairies. Hence, for the cars or palanquins for women to ride in to be greatly embroidered is, in the opinion of certain men of standing, who are worthy to be trusted, of great infamy.

1871, Henry Court translating Sher Ali Afsos as The Araish-i-Mahfil, or, The Ornament of the Assembly, p. 31

I ask again what reason could a chaste woman possibly have for being out so late? and in that part of town?
Your Honor, we repeat our motion that you recuse yourself from this case.

Synonym of pure and virtuous, particularly

Synonym of modest, particularly (sexism) in reference to behavior expected of sexually pure women.


Brownshirt

Calque of German Braunhemd, the nickname for a member of the Sturmabteilung, in reference to their brown uniforms. Equivalent to brown + shirt.

A heavy arched door was pouring a raucous and lurching party of Brownshirts on to the trampled snow. […] Half-way up the vaulted stairs a groaning Brownshirt, propped against the wall on a swastika'd arm, was unloosing, in a staunchless gush down the steps, the intake of hours.

1977, Patrick Leigh Fermor, “The Munich Hofbräuhaus”, in A Time of Gifts:

(historical) A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.


chaser

Inherited from Middle English chaser, chacer, chasour, borrowed from Old French chaceür, chaceor, from chacier (“to chase, hunt”); later senses from or influenced by chase (“pursue”) + -er. Doublet of chasseur.

преследва́ч

person or thing (ship, plane, car, etc.) who chases

These types despise TGentlemen and insist that any man who is interested in TGirls is automatically a troll, a chaser, or just a gay man in denial.

2016, Michael David Freel, Trans-Oriented: A Guide to Love and Relationships, →ISBN:

(slang) A person who is attracted to and seeks out sexual partners with a particular quality, usually in a fetishistic manner.

(LGBTQ slang) A chaser for transgender people; a tranny chaser.


Coordinate term: 1488

(neo-Nazism) Heil Hitler (H is the eighth letter of the alphabet.)


übermensch

Untermensch

antonym(s) of “figure in Nietzschean philosophy”

Unadapted borrowing from German Übermensch.

ubor

(Nazism and white supremacy) A member of the proposed Aryan super race.


ハーケンクロイツ

[ha̠ːkẽ̞ŋkɯ̟ɾo̞it͡sɨ]

Borrowed from German Hakenkreuz (“swastika”).


racismo

→ Tetum: rasizmu

O que é racismo? É um desejo de uma raça que sempre teve vantagem sobre as demais, que aos poucos está perdendo estas vantagens, vantagens que a mãe natureza oferece, que por muito tempo foi privilégio para umas raças que se achavam superiores;

2023, Djalma do Nascimento Sousa, chapter V, in Memórias do Sul do Maranhão, Maranhão, published 2023, page 117:

What is racism? It is the desire of a race that has always had an advantage over others, which is gradually losing these advantages, advantages that Mother Nature offers, which for a long time was a privilege for some races that thought they were superior;


sexism

en-noun

sexism (countable and uncountable, plural sexisms)

The fact that there is only one woman in a management position in that company makes it easy to believe that sexism runs rampant there.

Dati launched a blistering attack on the prime minister, François Fillon, under whom she served as justice minister, accusing him of sexism, elitism, arrogance and hindering the political advancement of ethnic minorities.

2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, in Guardian:

Discrimination or different treatment based on sex or gender.


Aryan

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Sanskrit आर्य (ā́rya, “noble; noble one”) + -n. The Sanskrit word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *áryas (the original Indo-Iranian autonym). Borrowed into English in the 19th century, at first as a term for the Indo-Iranian languages, and later partly extended to the Indo-European languages and peoples following a theory by Friedrich Schlegel that connected the Indo-Iranian words arya/ā́rya with German Ehre (“honor”) and some older Germanic names, thus assuming that it was the original Indo-European autonym meaning "the honorable people". The original meaning of the Indo-Iranian autonym and its possible Indo-European origin/cognates are disputed (see the Wikipedia article for further details).
The same Proto-Indo-Iranian root is the ultimate source of the country name Iran.

der

This short sketch of the changes that take place among those races that are only the depositories of a culture also furnishes a picture of the development and the activity and the disappearance of those who are the true founders of culture on this earth, namely the Aryans themselves.

1925–26, Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, translation from German to English by James Murphy, 1939

(theosophy, Germanic mysticism, Nazism) A member of a race defined variously as comprising people of Germanic descent, in the narrowest sense, or all non-Jewish Caucasians, in the broadest sense

One transmission advantage may have been that espousing Aryan-supremacist and overtly Nazi ideology could have been a roundabout way of announcing, […]

2001, Robert J. Sternberg, James C. Kaufman, The Evolution of Intelligence, page 300:

The point is not that southern Republicans are edging toward Aryan-supremacist views but that the rhetoric of their campaigns and some of their political […]

2002, David R. Goldfield, Still Fighting the Civil War: The American South and Southern History, page 263:

(Nazism or white supremacy, informal) A person of Caucasian (white / Northern European) ethnicity; a white non-Jew.

Cal tried to think of words that would convey Wolfgang Stahl to the ears and hands of a woman who’d never seen him and never, until now, had to imagine him.
 […]
 ‘Why not . . . why not think of your chap as a type? Tell me what type you’d sort of put him into.’
 ‘Sort of?’
 ‘You know . . . roughly.’
 ‘He’s an Aryan.’
 ‘Ah, one of those, eh? Odd when you think about it. I mean. How did they arrive at blue-eyed blonds as a racial type? Hitler’s short and dark and looks like Charlie Chaplin. Goebbels is short and ugly and looks like a rat. And as for Goering – well is that what Billy Bunter grew up to be?’

2004, John Lawton, Bluffing Mr. Churchill:

(chiefly US, informal, euphemistic) A Caucasian racist, often one who is an Aryan in the first sense.


neo-Nazi

Originally from postwar (1952) French néonazi, equivalent to neo- + Nazi, used to describe any number of movements, which saw themselves as believers of Nazi ideology or whose ideology had similar attributes. The term spread throughout the Western world acquiring a broader usage.


chauvinism

Cogniard brothers
French First Republic
Nicolas Chauvin
chauvinism

en-noun

chauvinism (countable and uncountable, plural chauvinisms)

Borrowed from French chauvinisme (“idealistic devotion to Napoleon”), named for Nicolas Chauvin, a legendary and excessively patriotic soldier of the French First Republic. The figure of Chauvin became especially famous as a character in the play La Cocarde Tricolore by the Cogniard brothers.

bor

Chauvinism in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Feminists say that male chauvinism is still prevalent in cultures worldwide.

“This is an outrageous example of unconscious racial chauvinism!” Jack said.

1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 312:

(derogatory) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.


TIM

en-noun

TIM (countable and uncountable, plural TIMs)

Abbreviation.
* (trans-identified male): when applied to trans women by transphobes, perhaps influenced by the name Tim.

trans-identified male
trans-identified male#English

(usually derogatory, offensive, dysphemistic) Initialism of trans-identified male.


Islamonazism

1989 December 28, “Bumiputra and Islamonazism”, in talk.politics.mideast (Usenet):

From the river to the sea, the whole land will one day be free — free of all the terrorist factions, and free for people of every religious faith to live without fear of Islamonazism, in all its perverse variations.

2002 December 5, Dave Kopel, “A Rich Tradition”, in The National Review:

2010 October 6, “Islamonazism and its historic, systematic and continue persecution of Christians ("Christains" to some)”, in alt.politics.immigration (Usenet):

(chiefly US, derogatory, offensive) Islamist Nazism, Nazi Islamism: a real or imagined conflation of Nazism and Islamism.


glow

en-verb

glow (third-person singular simple present glows, present participle glowing, simple past glowed or (dialectal) glew, past participle glowed or (dialectal) glown)

glows (present singular third-person)
glowing (participle present)
glowed (past)
glew (dialectal past)
glowed (participle past)
glown (dialectal participle past)

From Middle English glowen, from Old English glōwan, from Proto-Germanic *glōaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian gloie, glöie, gluuje, West Frisian gloeie, Dutch gloeien, German glühen, Danish and Norwegian glo, Icelandic glóa, Finnish loistaa. See also glass.

(Internet slang, alt-right) to expose someone to the authorities.

(Internet slang, alt-right) to create a threatening online post that may involve violence, and look suspicious enough to attract a police investigation.


blitzkrieg

blitzkrieg Tanks (canonical)
motor vehicles (canonical)
blitzkriegs (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from German Blitzkrieg (literally “lightning war”).

ubor

I rode a tank, held a general's rank / When the Blitzkrieg raged and the bodies stank

1968, Keith Richards, Mick Jagger (lyrics and music), “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet, performed by Rolling Stones:

A fast military offensive, typically involving a large and highly mobile tank force with air support.


blitzkrieg

blitzkrieg (nominative singular)
blitzkriegu (genitive singular)
blitzkriegowi (dative singular)
blitzkrieg (accusative singular)
blitzkriegiem (instrumental singular)
blitzkriegu (locative singular)
blitzkriegu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Blitzkrieg. First attested in 1936.

ref

blitzkrieg in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

taktyka blitzkriegu

błyskawiczny blitzkrieg

doktryna blitzkriegu

niemiecki blitzkrieg

koncepcja blitzkriegu

strategia blitzkriegu

teoria blitzkriegu

idea blitzkriegu

blitzkrieg (fast military offensive, typically involving a large and highly mobile tank force with air support)


heterosexism

en-noun

heterosexism (countable and uncountable, plural heterosexisms)

From heterosex(ual) + -ism; modelled on sexism.

Discrimination or prejudice in favor of heterosexuals.

heterosexisme

Discrimination in favor of heterosexuals


misogynist

From Ancient Greek μισογύνης (misogúnēs), from μισέω (miséō, “I hate”) + γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”), equivalent to misogyny + -ist.

"Confound all women, I say!" muttered the young misogynist.

1857–1858, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume I, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858, →OCLC, page 327:

Job, like myself, is a bit of a misogynist - I fancy chiefly owing to the fact of his having been one of a family of seventeen - and the feelings expressed upon his countenance when he realised that he was not only being embraced publicly, and without authorisation on his own part, but also in the presence of his masters, were too mixed and painful to admit of accurate description.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

One who professes misogyny; a hater of women.

One who displays prejudice against or looks down upon women.


misogynist

en-adj

misogynist (comparative more misogynist, superlative most misogynist)

more misogynist (comparative)
most misogynist (superlative)

Misogynistic: relating to or exhibiting misogyny.


discrimination

en-noun

discrimination (countable and uncountable, plural discriminations)

Learned borrowing from Latin discrīminātiō, discrīminātiōnem, the action noun to discrīminō, discrīmināre (“distinguish”). Equivalent to discriminate + -ion. In English use from the 17th century.

lbor

sexual or racial discrimination

reverse discrimination

The same arguments, however, which have effectually in this State [Rhode Island] maintained the disfranchisement of naturalized citizens, may prevail in those cases in which the State Constitution makes the discrimination against colored persons, as long as those State Constitutions remain in force.

1865 June 17, William Beach Lawrence, “The Suffrage Question”, in National Anti-Slavery Standard, volume XXVI, number 6, New York, page 1, column 6:

The state, in the exercise of its general power to prescribe rules of evidence, may provide that proof of a particular fact, or of several facts taken collectively, shall be prima facie evidence of another fact when there is some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed. The legislative presumption is invalid when it is entirely arbitrary, or creates an invidious discrimination, or operates to deprive a party of a reasonable opportunity to present the pertinent facts in his defense.

1931, Bandini Petroleum Co. v. Superior Court, 284 U.S. 8, 18–19

However, is it not true that within the preferred or official territory there are certain discriminations? For instance, are there not certain States in New England that suffer from certain discriminations, in comparison with other States in that official territory?

1939, United States. U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on interstate commerce, Freight-rate Discriminations, page 49:

Many sincere white people in the South privately oppose segregation and discrimination, but they are apprehensive lest they be publicly condemned.

1963, Martin Luther King, Jr., “Transformed Nonconformist”, in Strength to Love, New York: Pocket Books, published 1964, →OCLC, page 13:

Due to severe and pervasive discrimination, people dared not be open about their homosexuality, and because no one would be open, social prejudice and discrimination became even stronger.

2001, Xiaopei He, “Chinese Queer (Tongzhi) Women Organizing in the 1990s”, in Ping-Chun Hsiung, Maria Jaschok, Cecilia Milwertz, Red Chan, editors, Chinese Women Organizing: Cadres, Feminists, Muslims, Queers, Berg, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 41:

The four Gospels were written by men, but they never report any instance of Jesus’ condoning sexual discrimination or the implied subservience or inferiority of women.

2014, Jimmy Carter, “The Bible and Gender Equality”, in A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 23:

The book also presents empirical results from studies of discrimination across the world to show the magnitude of the problem and the difficulties of comparison across national borders.

2021, Rosita Fibbi, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, Patrick Simon, Migration and Discrimination:

(uncountable, countable, sometimes with "against") Differential treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage; treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality; prejudice; bigotry.

diskriminasie

distinct treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage


peak

en-verb

peak (third-person singular simple present peaks, present participle peaking, simple past and past participle peaked)

peaks (present singular third-person)
peaking (participle present)
peaked (participle past)
peaked (past)

From earlier peake, peek, peke, from Middle English pek (in place names), itself an alteration of pike, pyke, pyk (“a sharp point, pike”), from Old English pīc, piic (“a pike, needle, pin, peak, pinnacle”), from Proto-Germanic *pīkaz (“peak”). Cognate with Dutch piek (“pike, point, summit, peak”), Danish pik (“pike, peak”), Swedish pik (“pike, lance, point, peak”), Norwegian pik (“peak, summit”). More at pike.

cog

I came to this via sport but the thing that really peaked me was this.

2019 August 4, Alison Weir (@WeirAlison), Twitter:

My friend peaked me last year, at the GRA [Gender Recognition Act] consultation.

2019 August 31, MrsMiggins (@MrsMiggins13), Twitter:

Solidarity from Spain, @jk_rowling. Thank you for peaking so many people all over the world.

2021 November 22, DefendingMySisters (@DefendingMy), Twitter:

(gender-critical) To cause to adopt gender-critical or trans-exclusionary views (ellipsis of peak trans).


gynophobia

I fear both kinds. I must admit to gynophobia – the general fear of women – and, in particular, venustraphobia – the fear of beautiful women.

2012 January 14, David Tang, “The second-class sex”, in Financial Times:


Twinkie

The brand name is said to be a diminutive, twinkle + -ie (or otherwise modified), based on a billboard for "Twinkle Toe Shoes" in St. Louis, although there are also claims for solely one or the other. The meaning in reference to well-assimilated Asians is derived from the slur that they are "yellow on the outside, white on the inside".

(food) A yellow cake with a creamy white filling, known for its artificiality and supposedly long shelf life.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) Synonym of banana: A person of East Asian descent considered to have overly assimilated and to be subservient to white authority, an East Asian race traitor.


GC

en-noun

GC (countable and uncountable, plural GCs)

GCs prove everyday they're actually just critical of trans people, not critical of gender

2021 November 19, Yana (@lesbian_envy), Twitter:

That’s LITERALLY what trans activists say and what GCs are fighting against.

2021 November 28, SophieXY (@SophieXY44), Twitter:

When I pointed out the other day that prominent GCs had been pretty silent on #RoeVsWade or had tried deflecting onto trans people, I had this response from a GC.

2022 June 26, Lee WilliamDesigns (@designs_william), Twitter:

(informal) Initialism of gender critical.


Oreo

National Biscuit Company
Oreo
Oreo#Etymology
Wikipedia

Brand name of unknown origin, trademarked by National Biscuit Company on 14 March 1912. See the Etymology section of Wikipedia's Oreo article for various theories. In reference to well-assimilated black people, derived from the slur that they are "black on the outside, white on the inside".

The Oreo is really an antidepressant drug disguised as a cookie. You lost your job? Eat a bag of Oreos... There are two ways to eat Oreos. Kids like to pull the chocolate wafers apart and eat the sweat, creamy middle first. Adults dunk them in milk.

1984 December, Michael Norman, "Junk Food", Cincinnati, p. 67

While Oreo cream may not appear to possess fluid-like properties, it is considered a "yield stress fluid"—a soft solid when unperturbed that can start to flow under enough stress... Curious as to whether other had explored the connection between Oreos and rheology, Owens found mention of a 2016 Princeton University study in which physicists first reported that indeed, when twisting Oreos by hand, the cream almost always came off on one wafer.

2022 April 19, Jennifer Chu, "MIT Engineers Introduce the Oreometer", MIT News

(foods) A cookie made of two wafers joined with a sugary filling, particularly a Nabisco cookie with two alkalized cocoa-powder wafers around a white creme filling.


mulatto

Borrowed from Portuguese and/or Spanish mulato (“of mixed breed, young mule”), from mulo (“mule”), from Latin mūlus (“mule”). Perhaps an allusion to the hybrid origin of mules.

bor

Respectable folk who did not want trouble stayed withindoors; but young apprentices were abroad in force; Negroes and mulattoes; rope- makers and laborers from along the waterfront; and sailors hastening ashore from the ships […]

1949, Edward Nicholas, The hours and the ages: a sequence of Americans, page 77:

The supermodelesque mulatto woman licked her lips and smiled invitingly.

2004, Arthur Herzog, Jr, Icetopia, page 78:

The official mouthpiece of the Rosas government, La Gaceta Mercantil, praised Afro-Argentines as “valiant defenders of liberty who have won fame and glory in a hundred battles,” adding that “General Rosas so appreciates the mulattos and morenos that he has no objection to seating them at his table and eating with them.”
In other respects, however, the persistence of racism against Afro-Argentines, Indians, and gauchos showed regrettable continuities with the colonial past.

2005, Jeffrey M. Shumway, The Case of the Ugly Suitor & Other Histories of Love, Gender, & Nation in Buenos Aires, 1776-1870:

(historical, now sometimes derogatory) A person of mixed black and white descent, especially a person with one black and one white parent or two mulatto parents.


quadroon

From Spanish cuarterón (“¾ white, a child of a European and a mestizo”), from cuarto (“one-fourth”) + -on (“-oon: forming related nouns”), from Latin quartus (“one-fourth”). Doublet of cuarteron.

der

There were slow boys and bashful boys, feeble boys and riotous boys, boys that lisped and boys that stuttered, one or two lame ones, and a merry little quadroon, who could not be taken in elsewhere, but who was welcome to the ‘Bhaer-garten’, though some people predicted that his admission would ruin the school.

1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, chapter 47, in Little Women: […], part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC:

1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, Chapter V, p. 63; Chapter VIII, p. 120 https://archive.org/details/capricornianovel00herb
Diana was a black quadroon, her father being a blackfellow.
He was the father of four quadroons who were regarded as half-castes because the lighter part of their mother's blood was Asiatic, and he was only too well aware of what their future would be should he desert them.

(dated, chiefly historical) A person considered three-fourths white, having one non-white grandparent.


quadroon

Before them, with her face upraised,
In timid attitude,
Like one half curious, half amazed,
A Quadroon maiden stood.

1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Quadroon Girl:

"What need you getting drunk, then, and cutting up, Prue?" said a spruce quadroon chambermaid, dangling, as she spoke, a pair of coral ear-drops.

1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, chapter XVII, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC:

The quadroon girl is sold at the auction-stand, the drunkard nods by the bar-room stove, […]

1892, Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”, in Leaves of Grass […], Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 40:

(dated, chiefly historical) Of or related to quadroons.

квартерон

three fourths Caucasian and one fourth African in descent


homophobia

en-noun

homophobia (countable and uncountable, plural homophobias)

From homo- (“from homosexual”) + -phobia, coined in 1971 by George Weinberg in Society and the Healthy Homosexual.

af

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">homosexual</i>

Hatred, fear, dislike of, or prejudice against homosexuals.

Hatred, fear, dislike of, or prejudice against LGBTQ+ people in general.


wapanese

Blend of white + Japanese under influence from wigger, ("white" + "nigger"), although sometimes parsed as wannabe + Japanese, popularized by the message board 4chan.

Now, I know some of you Wapanese (Caucasian Japan fanboys) might get your panties in a bunch, but it's my opinion. LIVE WITH IT.

2003 December 16, I. B. Blaqman [username], “I really hate the way Japanese media sensationalizes their so-called "superstars"”, in soc.culture.japan (Usenet):

She wasn't the best, Wapanese.

2006 February 28, Blowhole911 [username], “Re: Arakawa”, in soc.culture.japan (Usenet):

His making the greatest samurai legend in Japanese history a white guy in the middle of the closed country era pretty much sealed it that he's a Wapanese with a pen.

2007 November 5, WrestlingizReel [username], “Re: Too much Hiro in ancient Japan?”, in rec.arts.tv (Usenet):

(derogatory, ethnic slur, dated) Synonym of weeaboo: a person from elsewhere, particularly an unsocial white male, considered overly infatuated with Japanese culture.


euthanasia

en-noun

euthanasia (usually uncountable, plural euthanasias)

→ Japanese: ユーサネイジア (yūsaneijia)

/juːθəˈneɪʒə/

First attested in 1606, from Ancient Greek εὐθανασία (euthanasía), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + θάνατος (thánatos, “death”)

vdekje e lehtë

practice of killing a human being or animal

Nevertheless, as Henry Friedlander pointed out years ago, it was not Jews but mentally and physically disabled people who became targets of the ﬁrst large-scale, systematic killings in Nazi Germany, under the euphemistically labelled “Euthanasia Program.”

2016, Doris L. Bergen, “Introduction”, in War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust, page 3:

(euphemistic, especially Nazism) The practice of killing a human being who is considered a liability to society, especially a disabled person.


putsch

Borrowed from German Putsch, from Alemannic German Putsch (“knock, thrust, blow”), of imitative origin.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Afterward, the ringleaders of the failed putsch were publicly executed.

2010, Thompson, M. 2010. Modernisation theory’s last redoubt: democratisation in east and south east Asia. In Yin-wah Chu and Siu-lun Wong (ed), 'East Asia's new democracies: deepening, reversal, non-liberal alternatives'. London, Routledge.p98.
"They have broken the democratic rules of the game by supporting popular mobilisation that has resulted in what can be dubbed a "people power putsch"."

A coup d'état; an illegal effort to forcibly overthrow the current government.

اِنْقِلَاب

a coup; an illegal effort to forcibly overthrow the current government


gamba

Borrowed from Italian gamba or Vulgar Latin *gambarus, from Latin gammarus, cammarus (“lobster”), from Ancient Greek κάμμαρος (kámmaros).


apartheid

en-noun

apartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

bor

The 1973 Apartheid Convention conferred universal jurisdiction to the state signatories to prosecute those who commit apartheid.

When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .

1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267)

Jim Crow miscegenation laws enforced apartheid in marriage.

2006 March 3, Leslie Feinberg, “Civil rights leaders were gay-baited, red-baited”, in Workers World:

(by extension) Any similar policy of racial separation or segregation and discrimination, particularly when in favor of a minority rule.


apartheid

From Dutch apartheid, equivalent to apart (“separate, apart”) + -heid (“-ness, -hood”).


apartheid

apartheid (nominative singular)
apartheidu (genitive singular)
apartheidowi (dative singular)
apartheid (accusative singular)
apartheidem (instrumental singular)
apartheidzie (locative singular)
apartheidzie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid.

ubor

(historical) apartheid (policy of racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)


ageist

He didn’t like to think of himself as an ageist, but he had to admit that he hadn’t considered the needs of some of the more elderly participants.

A person who behaves in an ageist manner.


ageism

en-noun

ageism (countable and uncountable, plural ageisms)

From age + -ism. Coined in 1969 by Robert Neil Butler.

The treating of a person or people, especially youth or seniors, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.

adinkeria

the treating of a person or people differently from others based on assumptions or stereotypes relating to their age

Bias against older adults (typically those in their sixties or older, but other times even younger if not even before middle-age).


swastika

swastika (countable and uncountable, plural swastikas)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika), from सु- (su-, “good, well”) + अस्ति (asti), a verbal abstract of the root of the verb "to be", स्वस्ति (svasti) thus meaning "well-being" — and the diminutive suffix क (ka); hence "little thing associated with well-being", corresponding roughly to "lucky charm". First attestation in English in 1871, a Sanskritism that replaced the Grecian term gammadion. From 1932 onwards it often referred specifically to the version used by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (also called the "hooked cross", or German Hakenkreuz).

sauwastika

left-facing; symbolizing the night or the tantric aspects of Kali

This was signed by Dana Da, who added pentacles and pentagrams, and a crux ansata, and half-a-dozen swastikas, and a Triple Tau to his name, just to show that he was all he laid claim to be.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Sending of Dana Da”, in In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, pages 423–4:

It is clear from archaeological finds that they enjoyed wearing Christian crosses, though they might enliven these with such symbols as the Indian swastika which Buddhists had brought them.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 270:

(countable) A cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of Nazism and fascism.

swastika

a cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle

"Is that what you think of me? I believe in the Grail, not the Swastika!"

1989, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, spoken by Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody):

“I can’t imagine anyone believes in Communist culprits instead of a contract job commissioned on behalf of the swastika.”

2011, Rudolph Herzog, translated by Jefferson Chase, Dead Funny: Humor in Hitler's Germany, Brooklyn: Melville House, →ISBN, page 36:

(fascism, history, metonymically, uncountable) Nazi rule.

hakenkreuz

chiefly in India referring to the Nazi swastika


reverse racism

Based on the notion that racism is usually directed from the political majority to a political minority.

The unassailable statements that Indians are as good as we are, and better in some respects, and that their tribal ways are an important American value, shade imperceptibly into reverse racism: Indians are better than we are, in all respects, and their tribal ways will save and redeem us.

1935, The New Leader, volume 48, American Labor Conference on International Affairs, page 21:

By claiming that meritocratic judgments trump egalitarian efforts to produce tangible results, neoconservatives cast affirmative action policies as multiracial reverse racism and the major cause of racial divisiveness and low black self-esteem...

1996, George E. Curry, The Affirmative Action Debate, →ISBN, page 33:

(sociology) Racism against the racial majority (either a member or group of that majority or the majority in general).


Uncle Tom

Referring to the character in the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.

...their master... was no ad for anybody but the most arcane Black Power, he was an old prince of a witch doctor—insult him at your peril—but the other ten musicians with their trumpets and snares and assorted brass would prove no pull for Nixon on TV with any Black votes watching, for they were old and meek, naught but elderly Black Southern musicians, a veritable Ganges of Uncle Toms. They had disappeared with Tom Swift and Little Lord Fauntleroy.

1968, Norman Mailer, “Nixon in Miami”, in Harper's, §6:

Some blacks don't want to deal with the black cop because they see him as an Uncle Tom, a person who stands by while the white cop abuses and shows disrespect toward other blacks.

1985 April 1, Steven Leinen, quoting a police officer, Black Police, White Society, NYU Press:

One of the less entertaining components of the Ali act was the way he tried to "outblack" someone like Frazier, call him an Uncle Tom, an "honorary white," when in fact Frazier had grown up dirt poor in South Carolina.

2014 April 2, David Remnick, King of the World: Muhammed Ali and the Rise of an American Hero, Knopf Doubleday:

"You are an Uncle Tom, Scott. You're for Sessions. How does a black man turn on his own," Scott said, reading criticisms of himself on social media.

2017 February 8, Burgess Everett, “Tim Scott, the lone black GOP senator, rises to Sessions' defense”, in Politico:

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A black man who is servile towards white authority and accepting of white supremacy, a black race traitor.


KKK

(US politics) Initialism of Ku Klux Klan.


wigger

Blend of white + nigger. First use appears c. 1988. See cite below.

I have often heard the word "wigger" used to describe a white person who supposedly acts and talks "black," while the same type of taunting is put upon a black person who supposedly acts "white."

1988 April 20, “How race-conscious are high school students today?”, in The Washington Post, number ?, Washington, D.C., →ISSN, →OCLC, column ?:

To some extent wiggers are simply the most visible examples of a very American brand of teenage rebellion.

1999, Leonard Steinhorn et al., By the Color of Our Skin: The Illusion of Integration and the Reality of Race, page 178:

And I just do not got the patience
To deal with these cocky Caucasians
Who think I'm some wigger who just tries to be black...

cultural appropriator
cultural appropriator

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A white person, typically young and male, considered to be overly infatuated with African-American or (UK) Afro-Caribbean culture, a cultural appropriator.

(by extension, imprecise) A non-black person of any race considered to be inauthentically appropriating black culture and behavior.

The Oprah people were on the phone with my mom. Someone had given them my name as an expert on wiggers. You know, Wiggers. White kids who identify themselves with hip-hop. I was an expert on that.

1994 July 7, William Upski Wimsatt, “Wigger”, in Chicago Reader:

(African-American Vernacular, dated, now uncommon) A white person considered to be sincerely appreciative of black culture, as opposed to poseurs and wannabes.


Führer

Borrowed from German Führer, modelled after Italian Duce.

(historical, Nazism, definite) Adolf Hitler when he was the chancellor of Nazi Germany.


Führer

de-noun

Führer m (strong, genitive Führers, plural Führer, feminine Führerin)

Führers (genitive)
Führer (plural)
Führerin (feminine)
Führer (nominative singular)
Führer (definite nominative plural)
Führers (genitive singular)
Führer (definite genitive plural)
Führer (dative singular)
Führern (dative definite plural)
Führer (accusative singular)
Führer (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German füerære, vüerære, füerer, vüerer, from Old High German fôrari, equivalent to führen (“to lead”) + -er. Cognate with Yiddish פֿירער (firer), Cimbrian büurar, Swedish förare. In the historical sense probably a calque of Italian Duce.

(historical, Nazism) Führer (Adolf Hitler when he was the chancellor of Nazi Germany)


homophobic

en-adj

homophobic (comparative more homophobic, superlative most homophobic)

more homophobic (comparative)
most homophobic (superlative)

homophobic abuse

Exhibiting homophobia; characteristic of homophobes.


homophobic

Painful as skid row life is for everyone, it becomes doubly so for the gay segment of the population. If you can for a moment visualize yourself living in a house with hundreds of homophobics you have the idea; and there are few closets where one can hide.

1981 August 1, Ray Thompson, “Down and Out and Gay”, in Gay Community News, page 10:

If you say something negative about homosexuals, you will be labelled an intolerant "homophobic."

2007, William D. Gairdner, The War Against the Family:

When placed in a situation that threatens to excite their repressed or latent sexual preferences, homophobics tend to react with panic, anger, and hostility as a means to avert or deny the threat (West, 1977).

2016, Ralph Erber, Maureen Erber, Intimate Relationships: Issues, Theories, and Research, Second Edition:


homophobe

Recent definition:
Back-formation from homophobia, equivalent to homo (“homosexual”) + -phobe

[ˈhɒməˌfəʊb]

[ˈhəʊməˌfəʊb]

That one can love another of the same gender, that is what the homophobe really cannot stand.

1997, Stephen Fry, Moab Is My Washpot: An Autobiography, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL:

If you're against gay marriage, just be honest, put a scarlet 'H' on your shirt, and say, "I am a homophobe!"

2001 April 23, Henry Rollins, Talk Is Cheap, Volume I, published 2003 January 3:

To me, Ennis stands for the conservative side of America. He's the biggest homophobe in the whole movie — culturally and psychologically — but by the time he admits his feelings, it's too late.

2006, Robert Ordona, quoting Ang Lee, “"Brokeback Mountain" — as gay as it gets: An interview with Ang Lee”, in Gay.com, archived from the original on 2006-05-19:

Narrators demonstrated resistance coping techniques through direct confrontation with aggressors, such as racists, sexists, homophobes, elitists, and misogynoirists.

2022 December 6, LeAnna T. Luney, “Like our foremothers survived: Self-education, direct confrontation, and humor as resistance coping in Black womxn and femme college student being”, in Frontiers in Education, volume 7, →DOI, page 10:

A person who is prejudiced against homosexuals and homosexuality.

homòfob

A person who is prejudiced against the LGBTQ+ community.


homophobe

Originally:
From homo- (“same; man”) + -phobe.

[ˈhɒməˌfəʊb]

[ˈhəʊməˌfəʊb]


genocide

en-noun

genocide (countable and uncountable, plural genocides)

Armenian genocide
Terminology of the Armenian genocide
The Holocaust
genocide

Coined by lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent Raphael Lemkin in 1943 or 1944 in reference to the Armenian Genocide (then known by other names; see: Terminology of the Armenian genocide) and the Jewish Holocaust. From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”) (cognate with Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”), whence genus) + -cide (“killing, killer”). Doublet of gendercide. Compare genticide.

der

For the German occupying authorities war thus appears to offer the most appropriate occasion for carrying out their policy of genocide.

1944, November, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, "Analysis of Government - Proposals for Redress", chapter 9, page 79

Shaddam IV: I want fifty legion of Sardaukar on Arrakis at once!
Subordinate: Fifty legions? That's our entire reserves as well.
Shaddam IV: This is genocide: the deliberate and systematic destruction of all life on Arrakis!

1984, 1:49:22 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Shaddam IV, →OCLC:

Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

2008 June 1, A. Dirk Moses, “Preface”, in Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Berghahn Books, →ISBN, page x:

A genocide will always be followed by the denial that it ever happened.

The systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people, typically by killing substantial numbers of them, on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

(by extension) The systematic killing of substantial numbers of people on other grounds.

ជនឃាត

cĕəʼnĕəʼkhiət

Native Americans in the twentieth century are no longer a "vanishing race" or a silent minority. They have survived centuries of cultural genocide inflicted on them by non-Native Americans— both the well-meaning and the self-seeking— […]

1986, James Stuart Olson, Raymond Wilson, Native Americans in the Twentieth Century, →ISBN:

(by extension) The systematic suppression of ideas or practices on the basis of cultural or ethnic origin; culturicide.

I used genocide in my first ascension, but have been genocideless ever since. Makes the game much more interesting, but then again, if one hasn't ascended yet, it will be interesting anyway.

2000, Kimmo Kasila, “Arch lich at Minetown bones, Help!”, in rec.games.roguelike.nethack (Usenet):

(video games, roguelikes) The elimination of an entire class of monsters by the player.


genocide

en-verb

genocide (third-person singular simple present genocides, present participle genociding, simple past and past participle genocided)

genocides (present singular third-person)
genociding (participle present)
genocided (participle past)
genocided (past)

Even though the Soviet constitution and that of the Ukrainian SSR contain provisions guaranteeing freedom of religion and other fundamental liberties, the Soviet government genocided the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the 1930's …

1986, Oversight of the Board for International Broadcasting: hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, second session, June 17, 1986, volume 4, page 145

A clue appears in the Nazis finding the Gypsies dirty and disorderly (for not only Jews were genocided).

2006, Get 'Em All! Kill 'Em!: Genocide, Terrorism, Righteous Communities, page 8:

You just know it makes much more sense to encourage brutal governments to buy our WMD technology than to get them to put food in the empty bellies of their people or quit genociding the populace.

2007, War on Truth: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Invasion of Iraq, page 66:

It is unlikely that Sulla succeeded in genociding the Samnites, since their mountains offered many refuges, but in subsequent centuries the Samnites disappeared, being absorbed into the general population of Italy.

2016, Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia, page 1193:

(transitive) To commit genocide (against); to eliminate (a group of people) completely.


Hitler

The surname Hitler is a variation of Hiedler, a surname applied to those who resided near a Hiedl (“subterranean river”) (Bavarian dialect). Earlier theories derived the surname from Hüttler (also spelled Huettler), either meaning "one who lives in a hut", from Hütte (“hut”), or from hüten (“guard, look after”).

The British ruling class are fighting against Hitler, whom they have always regarded and whom some of them still regard as their protector against Bolshevism. That does not mean that they will deliberately sell out; but it does mean that at every decisive moment they are likely to falter, pull their punches, do the wrong thing. Until the Churchill Government called some sort of halt to the process, they have done the wrong thing with an unerring instinct ever since 1931.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. II:

What is one curious about when he asks, What is evil? The question makes no sense, unless the questioner is satisfied with such answers as: Death is evil, pain is evil, Hitler is evil.

1964, David Hugh Freeman, A Philosophical Study of Religion, page 241:

...the description we give of God’s knowledge concerning Hitler has to be different after Hitler’s death; it is manifest that there has been a change on Hitler’s side, and that this, in view of the logic of omniscience, makes a difference to what we can truly say about God’s knowledge; it is not manifest that there must have been a real change of mind on God's side. And Aquinas can say this...

1977, Peter Thomas Geach, Providence and Evil, page 41:

Mueller is even less convincing in his suggestion that World War II might never have happened if Hitler had never been born.

1994, Karen A. Rasler, William R. Thompson, The great powers and global struggle, 1490-1990:

People do evil things (Hitler, Stalin, Saddam Hussein).

2007, Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion:

Ellipsis of Adolf Hitler; Führer of the Nazi Party and chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; particularly as the embodiment of Nazism.


Hitler

Hitler (nominative singular)
Hitlera (genitive singular)
Hitlerowi (dative singular)
Hitlera (accusative singular)
Hitlerem (instrumental singular)
Hitlerze (locative singular)
Hitlerze (singular vocative)


misandry

en-noun

misandry (usually uncountable, plural misandries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-misandry.wav

Formed in the late 19th century as mis- (“hatred”) + -andry (“men”) by analogy with misogyny; compare the Ancient Greek μισανδρία (misandría), from μισέω (miséō, “hate”) + ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”).

The scenework proves unsuccessful when Carmichael recalls not the source of her misandry but another episode of overacting, that of castratively biting off the moustache of an amorous man.

2016, Leslie H. Abramson, Hitchcock & the Anxiety of Authorship:

Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men.


Afrophobia

Individuals who suffer from Afrophobia often avoid facing this fear by ignoring Africa, its culture, and its people.

1986, Carlton W. Molette, Barbara J. Molette, Black Theatre: premise and presentation, page 35:

1998 (Mar 30), Christopher Ogden, "Good Will Bill", Time 151 (13) https://web.archive.org/web/20000816215306/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1998/int/980330/africa.good_will_bill.at20.html
The Somalia debacle prompted a fresh bout of Afrophobia in Washington.

Fear, hate, or dislike of Africans and African descendants.


misogyny

misogyny (usually uncountable, plural misogynies)

From Ancient Greek μισογυνία (misogunía) and μισογύνης (misogúnēs, “woman hater”), from μισέω (miséō, “I hate”) + γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”). By surface analysis, miso- + -gyny.

Although she argues against a simplistic conflation of types of prejudice, she suggests that misogyny is typically present in both narcissistic and obsessive forms of anti-Semitic prejudice.

1999, Joanne Marie Greer, David O. Moberg, Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, →ISBN, page 29:

His misogyny, like that of his predecessors, is more than prejudice; […]

1999, Ethel Spector Person, The Sexual Century, →ISBN, page 84:

[…] a lonely straight male had no equivalently forgiving Theory of Masculinism to help him out of this bind, this key to all misogynies: […]

2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections:

This ontological symbiosis also explains his misogyny. By envying Sue, as the man he cannot become, he projects his self-loathing onto her, trying to diminish what he actually admires.

2005, Jeff Johnson, William Inge And The Subversion Of Gender, →ISBN, page 122:

2006, Jack Holland, Misogyny: the world's oldest prejudice, →ISBN:

[…] I have always found it hard that Hamlet, a character that I love and admire, is guilty of a puerile misogyny and, perhaps, more worryingly, of the unnecessary deaths of his old friends from university, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. When I played him, I could find reasons for the misogyny but half-ignored the murders.

2014 April 12, Simon Russell Beale, “Why Shakespeare always says something new: As the 450th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth approaches, the great Shakespearean actor Simon Russell Beale explains his secrets [print version: The king and I]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), London, page R7:

Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women.


misandrist

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-misandrist.wav

A misandrist hates all men, and a philandrist likes them.

2000, David Macfarlane, Mail & guardian bedside book, 2000, page 46:

Others support Harmange and Coffin, yet stop short of calling themselves misandrists.

2021 October 1, Laura Cappelle, “With ‘I Hate Men,’ a French Feminist Touches a Nerve”, in The New York Times:

One who professes misandry; a hater of men.

мужчынаненавісніца

one who professes misandry; a hater of men


panphobia

(by confusion) Panophobia, a condition of groundless fears.

I would say that I’ve probably encountered more disbelief/disrespect/panphobia from the queer community than from my straight friends, which I think is really interesting.

2013, anonymous, quoted in Ayisigi Hale Gonel, "Pansexual Identification in Online Communities: Employing a Collaborative Queer Method to Study Pansexuality", Graduate Journal of Social Science, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2013), pages 51-52

Panphobia has arisen via accusations they're trying to 'one up' bisexuals, […]

2016 February 15, Zoe Godden, “What Is Pansexuality?”, in The Courier, Newcastle University, page 13:

Biphobia / panphobia is still very real and alive today. As a pansexual woman, my identity and experiences have been denied many times […]

2020, Hope, quoted in Queerfully and Wonderfully Made: A Guide for LGBTQ+ Christian Teens (ed. Leigh Finke), page 197

(neologism) Fear, dislike, or hatred of pansexual people and/or pansexuality.

panphobie

fear, dislike, or hatred of pansexual people


RAF

(historical, Nazism) Initialism of Reichsarbeitsführer.


antimiscegenation

antimiscegenation laws

(US, law) Against mixing or blending; especially, against the mixing or blending of races in marriage or breeding.

antimiscigenação

against mixing or blending; especially, against the mixing or blending of races in marriage or breeding


miscegenation

miscegenation (countable and uncountable, plural miscegenations)

/mɪˌsɛd͡ʒ.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

Coined by American journalist David G. Croly in 1864 from Latin miscēre (“mix”) + genus (“race”) + -ation, and first used in an anonymous pamphlet he coauthored, which claimed to be written by a person who believed in the inherent unity of all racial groups, that marriage between blacks and whites would create a better race, and that the American Civil War was a fight for the latter idea. Later, it was exposed that the pretext of the pamphlet was false and that it had actually been written by a group which hoped to inflame anger, particularly against then-US President Abraham Lincoln who was up for reelection.
Replaced previous amalgamation, from metallurgy. See further discussion.

coinage

Anissimov took to posting paranoid white supremacist rants on Twitter. Why, he asked, do “blacks get your own continent”? “European whites are being replaced and destroyed by ‘diversity,’” he cried. He denounced miscegenation and declared that women should be confined to the home.

2018, Corey Pein, Live Work Work Work Die, Metropolitan Books, →ISBN, unnumbered page:

(chiefly US, see usage notes) The mixing or blending of race in marriage or breeding, interracial marriage.

as is clear in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, it has a horror of any spiritual miscegenation between the human and the natural.

1991, Frederick Turner, Rebirth of Value: Meditations on Beauty, Ecology, Religion, and Education, page 57:

... if a miscegenation of Latin and Sanskrit may be permitted.

1981, Dale Maurice Riepe, Asian Philosophy Today, page 22:

...'true English' before it was bastardised in its miscegenation with the Norman French.

2001, Ken Hirschkop, David Shepherd, Bakhtin and Cultural Theory, page 180:

(figuratively) A mixing or blending, especially one which is considered to be inappropriate.


butterface

Ellipsis of various forms of everything looks good but her face, great body but her face, etc., under the influence of butter (perhaps also with connotation of “plainness”, grease, etc.) and buttface, which see. Compare summerteeth.

you don't look at the mantelpiece when you're poking the fire

I can’t even look at her, she’s such a butterface.

Her face wasn't quite as pretty as he had hoped — Earl, the other mechanic back at his father's place called this kind of girl a Butterface...

2010, Laura Lippman, I'd Know You Anywhere, New York: HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 76:

(slang, derogatory) A person who has an attractive body but a less attractive face.

背影殺手

attractive person with unattractive face


transman

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transman.wav

Coordinate term: transwoman

Like many transmen, he chose not to remove his female reproductive organs.

2008 June 22, Guy Trebay, “He’s Pregnant. You’re Speechless.”, in New York Times:

(often derogatory, offensive) Alternative spelling of trans man.


transwoman

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transwoman.wav

Coordinate term: transman

She had been attracted to Sharon from the time they met, but had not felt comfortable with the idea of dating a transwoman.

2007, Reid Vanderburgh, Transition and Beyond: Observations on Gender Identity:

A transwoman is thus required to fashion her own body as a blank in order to gain a document that is not itself a blank; the document will not speak her sex until her body fails to.

2010, Gayle Salamon, Assuming a Body: Transgender and Rhetorics of Materiality:

Not only do people harass and attack transwomen for being who they are: transwomen also face scrutiny from both ciswomen and cismen over “what” they are.

2010, Holly Kearl, Stop Street Harassment: Making Public Places Safe and Welcoming for Women, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 57:

Conversely, if you are a lesbian-identified transwoman who was legally married to a woman prior to transition, some people may claim your union is now illegal because it is presently a same-sex marriage.

2012, Nicholas M. Teich, Transgender 101: A Simple Guide to a Complex Issue:

“There’s going to be a lot of people for whom this is going to mean nothing, but for the few it does impact, it means the world,” said Facebook software engineer Brielle Harrison, who worked on the project and is herself undergoing gender transformation, from male to female. On Thursday, while watchdogging the software for any problems, she said she was also changing her Facebook identity from Female to TransWoman.
“All too often transgender people like myself and other gender nonconforming people are given this binary option, do you want to be male or female? What is your gender? And it’s kind of disheartening because none of those let us tell others who we really are,” she said. “This really changes that, and for the first time I get to go to the site and specify to all the people I know what my gender is.”

2014 February 13, Martha Mendoza, quoting Brielle Harrison, “Facebook offers new gender options for users”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-06-09:

(often derogatory, offensive) Alternative spelling of trans woman.


xenofobia

Compare Dutch xenofobie, Portuguese xenofobia, Spanish xenofobia, and Turkish zenofobi.

Greetings from Brigite from Portugal to Austria!
What do I know about your country?
Hardly nothing! I only know that you speak German, your capital is Vienna and that you have very beatifull^([sic]) palaces. oh yes, and that the film of "Sissi" was made there! (Actually I liked it a lot!)
What prejudices?
I heard of a lot of xenofobia and racism... is it true?

1997 April 16, ri20556, “From AUSTRIA - from Portugal”, in soc.college.org.aiesec (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-18:

As an ex-inhabitant of Bruges, I'm sorry to read posts with complaints about bad behaviour in restaurants towards tourists. The problem is that in Bruges there are so many tourists that in some restaurants the Brugeois are in a 'minority'. Sometimes restaurant owners try to profile themselves as 'non-tourist' to attract more people from Bruges.
Though I completely lack any feeling of xenofobia, I must say it is weird to be in a restaurant in your home-town and to be amongst only tourists. It makes you feel like being in a tourist trap - I'm sure the average tourist feels the same about that.

1998 August 25, Dela, “Restaurants in Brugges?^([sic])”, in rec.travel.europe (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-18:

Genocide is not a mistake. It is delibarete^([sic]) attempt to exterminate a people out of racial prejudice. Nobody exterminates anybody because they are an inconveniency,^([sic]) as you suggest. Armenians and Turks have coexisted peacefully in the Empire before 1915. Armenians and Turks coexist peacefully in Turkey today. So what was it, a brief attack of xenofobia by the young Turks? come on. You may consider this qubbling^([sic]) over a fine point, it is exactly that point you are trying to smear us with.

1998 November 7, pipe...@my-dejanews.com, “SEVEN MORE REPRESENTATIVES JOIN ARMENIAN CAUCUS (fwd)”, in soc.culture.turkish (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-18:

Also i see a shade of xenofobia in this treatment and i dont like this. In spain there are also people who see the tourists as inferior beings, not me.

2002 August 29, Rafa, “Education in CzR”, in soc.culture.czecho-slovak (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-18:

(non-native speakers' English) Misspelling of xenophobia.


xenofobia

Borrowed from English xenophobia, from xeno- + -phobia.

xenophobia
a hatred of strangers or foreigners

xenophobia
a fear of strangers or foreigners

a strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners


xenófobo

pt-adj

xenófobo (feminine xenófoba, masculine plural xenófobos, feminine plural xenófobas)

xenófoba (feminine)
xenófobos (masculine plural)
xenófobas (feminine plural)

xenophobic (exhibiting or characteristic of xenophobia)


prejudice

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/

From Middle English prejudice, from Old French prejudice, from Latin praeiūdicium (“previous judgment or damage”), from prae- (“before”) + iūdicium (“judgment”).


machismo

en-noun

machismo (usually uncountable, plural machismos)

First attested 1940, from American Spanish machismo, from Spanish macho (“male”), + suffix -ismo (“-ism”).

(informal) An excessive masculine pride.

PSP [Puerto Rican Socialist Party] spokesperson Victor Lopez-Tosado told GCN: "[…] The party is mainly organized in a Latin American country where oppression, as a result of machismo, etc., to homosexuals is very common."

1979 April 7, Rebecca Chase, “PSP Supports Gay Rights”, in Gay Community News, page 1:

The Dominican Republic is traditionally regarded as a patriarchal island brimming with machismo — where, indeed, a recent U.S. ambassador was publicly vilified for bringing his husband to his posting. It was, and is, an unlikely place to find an enclave of acceptance. So what explains this unique tolerance?

2017, Sarah A. Topol, “Sons and Daughters”, in Harper's Magazine:

(Latin American) male chauvinism, misogyny


machismo

male chauvinism, machismo, misogyny, sexism


machismo

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish machismo.


machismo

male chauvinism, machismo, misogyny, sexism (a belief in the innate superiority of men over women)


androphobia

In the case of androphobia, a reaction can occur when exposed to men or masculinity, in anticipation of such experiences, or even hearing words related to the male sex.

2021 July 25, Jordan Davidson, “Androphobia (fear of men): what is it, causes, treatment”, in Ro:


Third Reich

Partial calque of German Drittes Reich (literally “third empire, third realm”). The first “Reich” in this reckoning is the Holy Roman Empire and the second is the German Empire. The Weimar Republic, although officially called Deutsches Reich as well, was rejected by the National Socialists and therefore not counted in.

partial calque

German Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Weimar Republic

Тре́тий рейх m (Trétij rejx) (various capitalisation is used)


one-drop rule

[T]he notorious historian William Estabrook Chancellor […] helped assemble a controversial biographical portrait accusing President Warren Harding of covering up his family’s “colored” past. […] Under the one-drop rule of American race relations, Chancellor claimed, the country had inadvertently elected its “first Negro president.”

2008 April 6, Beverly Gage, “Our First Black President?”, in New York Times, retrieved 2017-01-08:

It was the wadjelas that created the ‘one drop’ rule, that defined anybody with a single bla(c)k ancestor as black. They did that to separate people, to create a caste system, to protect the notion of whiteness, to protect whiteness from the merest ‘impurity’, from the merest influx of colour.

2021 November 7, Claire [G.] Coleman, “Not quite blak enough: ‘The people who think I am too white to be Aboriginal are all white’”, in The Guardian:

(chiefly US) The notion that one drop of black blood (i.e., any African ancestry at all) makes a person black.


Negro

1963, Martin Luther King, Letter from a Birmingham Jail,
Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within has reminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that it can be gained.

(dated, now usually offensive) Alternative letter-case form of negro.


Sapphire

I asked her once how a little girl who didn't have blue eyes ended up being called Sapphire. She pursed her lips for a few seconds, clearly wondering how she could get away with not telling me.
'My older brother is called Mistral,' she said in the end. 'My younger sister is Blaze. I'd say I was the lucky one.'
As I say, hippy parents.

2015, Sharon Bolton, Little Black Lies, Corgi Books, →ISBN, page 179:

A female given name from English from the precious stone.


Holocaust

en-proper noun

the Holocaust (usually uncountable, plural Holocausts)

the Holocaust (canonical)
Holocausts (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Holocaust.wav

(historical, strictly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.

Sjoa

the mass murder of six million Jews by Nazi Germany

Holocaust

the mass murder of 11–14 million people by Nazi Germany


Holocaust

Holocaust (nominative singular)
Holocaustu (genitive singular)
Holocaustowi (dative singular)
Holocaust (accusative singular)
Holocaustem (instrumental singular)
Holocauście (locative singular)
Holocauście (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Holocaust.

ubor

(historical) Holocaust (mass murder of Jews perpetrated by the Nazi Germany)


Tom

→ Tokelauan: Toma

From Middle English Thomme. Hypocorism of Thomas.

Poor Tom's a-cold.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

"Good,—that's a whack. What's your name?"
"Becky Thatcher. What's yours? Oh, I know. It's Thomas Sawyer."
"That's the name they lick me by. I'm Tom when I'm good. You call me Tom, will you?"

1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VI, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 70:

What I'm worrying about is what Tom says when he starts talking."
"Uncle Tom?"
"I wish there was something else you could call him except 'Uncle Tom'," said Aunt Dahlia a little testily. "Every time you do it, I expect to see him turn black and start playing the banjo."

1934, P. G. Wodehouse, Right Ho, Jeeves:

"We're not sure - we were expecting a girl for some reason. But we're thinking of something simple like Tom."
"Thomas?"
"No, just Tom."

2008, David Park, The Truth Commissioner, →ISBN, page 366:

A diminutive of the male given name Thomas, also used as a formal male given name.


master race

1941 March 22, Konrad Heiden, “Europe Under the “Master Race“”, in The Nation, page 334:

(especially Nazism) A race of people who are superior to others.


affirmative action

en-noun

affirmative action (usually uncountable, plural affirmative actions)

Several proponents of affirmative action who were interviewed cited the scandal to dismiss the notion, advanced by some opponents of the policy, that America has moved beyond racial discrimination.

1996 November 10, Sam Howe Verhovek, “Vote in California is Motivating Foes of Anti-Bias Plans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

California's decision in 1996 to outlaw the use of race in public college admissions was widely viewed as the beginning of the end for affirmative action at public universities all over the United States. But in the four years since Californians passed Proposition 209, most states have agreed that killing affirmative action outright would deepen social inequality by denying minority citizens access to higher education.

2000 May 20, “After Affirmative Action”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Justice Ginsburg has long argued that percentage plans are just as race-conscious as traditional affirmative action: They seek to increase enrollment among minorities, and they work because the high schools are segregated.

2016 June 23, Richard Primus, “Affirmative Action in College Admissions, Here to Stay”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(uncountable) A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination


Nazi

1930, from German Nazi, a clipping of Nationalsozialist (“National Socialist”) (1924), earlier attestation (1903) as shortening of national-sozial), since in German the nati- in national /ˌnatsi̯oˈnaːl/ is approximately pronounced Nazi [ˈnäːtsi]; compare the parallel pejorative terms Sozi (“socialist, social democrat”), Kozi (“commie, commo, communist”).
A homonymic term Nazi was in use before the rise of the NSDAP in Bavaria as a pet name for Ignaz and (by extension from that) a derogatory word for a backwards peasant, which may have influenced the use of that abbreviation by the Nazis' opponents and its avoidance by the Nazis themselves.

clipping

(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP).


Nazi

de-noun

Nazi m (strong, genitive Nazis, plural Nazis or Nazi)

Nazis (genitive)
Nazis (plural)
Nazi (plural)
Nazi (nominative singular)
Nazis (definite nominative plural)
Nazi (definite nominative plural)
Nazis (genitive singular)
Nazis (definite genitive plural)
Nazi (definite genitive plural)
Nazi (dative singular)
Nazis (dative definite plural)
Nazi (dative definite plural)
Nazi (accusative singular)
Nazis (accusative definite plural)
Nazi (accusative definite plural)

1924, representing the pronunciation of Nati- in Nationalsozialist (“National Socialist”), influenced by Sozi (“socialist”), as pejorative possibly also influenced by Nazi, a Bavarian hypocorism of Ignatius.

a member or (ideological) supporter of the Nazi Party, Nazism, or neo-Nazism; a National Socialist


Nazi

Hitler waar en Nazi.

a Nazi (“member or (ideological) supporter of Nazism or neo-Nazism”)


herrenvolk

en-noun

herrenvolk (plural herrenvolks or herrenvolker)

herrenvolks (plural)
herrenvolker (plural)

/ˈhɛɹənfəʊk/

From German Herrenvolk, from Herr (“lord, master, gentleman”) + -en- + Volk (“folk, people”).

af

In their position halfway between the blacks and the white Herrenvolk, they are bound to be unstable, they are petty bourgeois to the core, all of them.

1995 [1954], Doris Lessing, A Proper Marriage, HarperPerennial, page 59:

The political system that was emerging has been aptly described as a 'Herrenvolk democracy', a formally democratic political system in which voting and office holding is limited to members of a dominant ethno-racial group.

2003, George M. Fredrickson, The Historical Construction of Race and Citizenship in the United States^(https://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/8A0AE7EACD11F278C1256DD6004860EA/$file/Fredrick.pdf), page 14:

A master race, especially with reference to Nazi ideology.


Herrenvolk

de-noun

Herrenvolk n (strong, genitive Herrenvolkes or Herrenvolks, plural Herrenvölker)

Herrenvolkes (genitive)
Herrenvolks (genitive)
Herrenvölker (plural)
Herrenvolk (nominative singular)
Herrenvölker (definite nominative plural)
Herrenvolkes (genitive singular)
Herrenvolks (genitive singular)
Herrenvölker (definite genitive plural)
Herrenvolk (dative singular)
Herrenvolke (dative singular)
Herrenvölkern (dative definite plural)
Herrenvolk (accusative singular)
Herrenvölker (accusative definite plural)

Herr (“gentleman, master, lord”) + -en- + Volk (“folk, people”)

af

(especially Nazism) a master race, a herrenvolk

(uncountable, obsolete, military) A class of general officers in the Prussian and German armies (c. 1870–1945).


ethnic cleansing

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ethnic cleansing.wav

Possibly a calque of Serbo-Croatian etničko čišćenje, though this is probably attested later. Popularized by (and still often associated with) the wars in former Yugoslavia during the 1990s; however, versions of the phrase have been attested since the 1860s in various languages (with the earliest attestation translating directly to the phrase being Romanian purificare etnică from 1941) and it probably arose independently on numerous occasions.

clq

These television stations are part of the apparatus and power of Milosevic. This is the apparatus he has used to do the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo.

1999 April 24, Martin Kettle, Alex Brummer, quoting Tony Blair, “The bombing goes on”, in The Guardian:

(euphemistic) The mass expulsion or killing of people belonging to one ethnic group by those of another.


Q

In this fantasy world, all of the far right’s wildest dreams come true: Q promises that Clinton, Obama, Podesta, Abedin, and even McCain are all either arrested and wearing secret police-issued ankle monitors, or just about to be indicted; that the Steele dossier is a total fabrication personally paid for by Clinton and Obama; and that the Las Vegas massacre was most definitely an inside job connected to the Saudi-Clinton cabal.

2017 December 19, Paris Martineau, “The Storm Is the New Pizzagate — Only Worse”, in New York, archived from the original on 2018-12-26:

In a thread called “Calm Before the Storm”, and in subsequent posts, Q established his legend as a government insider with top security clearance who knew the truth about a secret struggle for power involving Donald Trump, the “deep state”, Robert Mueller, the Clintons, pedophile rings, and other stuff.

2018 July 31, Julia Carrie Wong, “What is QAnon? Explaining the bizarre rightwing conspiracy theory”, in The Guardian:

At the end of her report, Coaston concluded, “Most people have never heard of QAnon, or Q — and that includes most of Donald Trump’s supporters.” That’s still the case, but the fact that this book is at the top of some of Amazon’s most prominent recommendation lists means that a far larger share of the population will — at a minimum — stumble across these ideas.

2019 March 6, Kaitlyn Tiffany, “How a conspiracy theory about Democrats drinking children’s blood topped Amazon’s best-sellers list”, in Vox, archived from the original on 2019-03-07:

(US politics) Abbreviation of QAnon (“anonymous poster on anonymous online message boards who originated a pro-Trump conspiracy theory”).