Thanatos

(Greek mythology) The god of death (specifically of a peaceful death), and twin brother of Hypnos (god of sleep); the Greek counterpart of Mors.


ananke

(Ancient Greek culture) ananke (necessity beyond all supplications or sway)


abacus

From Late Middle English abacus, abagus, agabus (“abacus; art of counting with an abacus”), from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”) (compare Late Latin abacus (“art of arithmetic”)), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ άβακος (ábax ábakos, “slab, counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”). Doublet of abaque.
The plural form abaci is reinforced from Latin abacī.

der

Harvard University
Houghton Library
Roman abacus

ABACUS, among the ancients, was a kind of cupboard or buffet. Livy, deſcribing the luxury into which the Romans degenerated after the conqueſt of Aſia, ſays they had their abaci, beds, &c. plated over with gold.

1817, “ABACUS”, in Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, 5th enlarged and improved edition, volume I, Edinburgh: Printed at the Encyclopædia Press, for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: Gale and Fenner; York, Yorkshire: Thomas Wilson and Sons, →OCLC, page 4, column 1:

The plate and nicknacks, always found in elegant Roman houses, were displayed on small one or three legged tables (trapezophoron), the slabs of which (abacus, a word which, like trapezophoron, is sometimes used for the whole table) had raised edges round them: several richly ornamented specimens of such tables have been found at Pompeii. Fig. 446 shows a small abacus resting on three marble legs, which has been found in the house of the "Little Mosaic-Fountain" at Pompeii.

1875, E[rnst Karl] Guhl, W[ilhelm David] Koner, “The Romans”, in F[rancis] Hueffer, transl., The Life of the Greeks and Romans, Described from Antique Monuments: Translated from the Third German Edition, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, § 89 (Tables.—Tripods), pages 446–447:

(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, historical) A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments for holding bottles, cups, or the like; a kind of buffet, cupboard, or sideboard.

àbac

board, tray, or table for holding bottles, cups, etc.


seme

Borrowed from Japanese 攻め (seme), derived from the verb 攻める (semeru, “to attack”).

[…] BL manga readers chose intelligence, protectiveness, and beauty/handsomeness as the top three most important traits in a seme […]

2008, Dru Pagliassotti, “Better Than Romance? Japanese BL Manga and the Subgenre of Male/Male Romantic Fiction”, in Antonia Levi, Mark McHarry, Dru Pagliassotti, editors, Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre, McFarland & Company (2008), →ISBN, page 73:

Sebas has always been the seme.

2010, Pentabu, My Girlfriend's a Geek, volume 1, Yen Press (2012), →ISBN:

The seme is larger, stronger, and more traditionally masculine, while the uke is smaller, weaker, and more feminine.

2011, Robin E. Brenner, Snow Wildsmith, “Love through a DIfferent Lens: Japanese Homoerotic Manga through the Eyes of American Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Other Sexualities Readers”, in Timothy Perper, Martha Cornog, editors, Mangatopia: Essays on Manga and Anime in the Modern World, Libraries Unlimited (2011), →ISBN, page 97:

(Japanese fiction, fandom slang) An active or dominant male character in a same-sex relationship; a top.


relegate

en-verb

relegate (third-person singular simple present relegates, present participle relegating, simple past and past participle relegated)

relegates (present singular third-person)
relegating (participle present)
relegated (participle past)
relegated (past)

First attested in 1561, borrowed from Latin relēgātus, the past participle of relēgō (“to dispatch, banish”).

Eventually his freedom of speech drove Vespasian to relegate him a second time, and shortly after he was executed […].

2002, Mark Morford, The Roman Philosophers, →ISBN, page 183:

(transitive, historical, Ancient Rome, done to a person) Banish from proximity to Rome for a set time; compare relegate.


NATO

→ Arabic: ناتو (nātō)

desc

→ Bengali: ন্যাটো (nêṭō), নেটো (neṭō)

→ Bengali: ন্যাটো (nêṭō), নেটো (neṭō)

→ Finnish: Nato, NATO, nato

→ German: NATO, Nato

→ Hebrew: נאט״ו (nat"o)

→ Hindi: नैटो (naiṭo)

→ Japanese: NATO (NATO)

→ Korean: 나토 (nato)

→ Polish: NATO

→ Portuguese: NATO

desctree

→ Russian: НА́ТО (NÁTO)
→ Armenian: ՆԱՏՕ (NATŌ)
→ Kyrgyz: НАТО (NATO)

→ Swedish: Nato, NATO

→ Telugu: నాటో (nāṭō)

en:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
en:nato (disambiguation)

From North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

On the other hand, one still would have to note that relations between NATO in London and OSR in Paris were still not as closely integrated as might be desired, and that the power of decision, especially on industrial and financial matters, still was not centered in one place in the NATO.

1951 October 5, Activities in Europe Concerned with Material Support of NATO and MDAP, Office of the Secretary of Defense, page 23:

Yes, France is geographically situated in a key position so far as Western Europe is concerned. They are really the bridge between Germany, Spain and Italy. And it was necessary to have a NATO organization that was unified and France was a necessary member of that organization.

1964, Harry S. Truman, 0:18 from the start, in MP2002-479 Former President Truman Recalls Negotiating With DeGaulle and France after WWII, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:

What concerned me most about De Gaulle's decision was that it threatened the unity of NATO, which had been so carefully developed over two decades. NATO was essential to the security of Europe and the United States. I was convinced that the stronger and more unified we were, the more incentive the Soviets and their Warsaw Pact allies would have to work with us in solving outstanding problems and differences.

1971, Lyndon Johnson, “Strengthening the Atlantic Community”, in The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 305–306:

President Putin's KGB roots have sadly informed a style of governance that is neither reformist nor particularly democratic. The common thread throughout his domestic and foreign policies is his effort to trade on fear -- the fears of Russians that their country is under attack from hostile external forces (Chechens, NATO or free marketeers); and the fears of Westerners that if not for a strong, pragmatic leader, Russia will again become unruly, unstable and potentially aggressive.

2001 January 4, Garry Kasparov, “The Russian President Trades on Fear”, in The Wall Street Journal, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-01-09, International:

In the week since I’d seen him in the Oval Office, Bush had done well in Europe.[...]He’d made a strong statement on the expansion of NATO. “I believe in membership,” the president had said, “for all of Europe’s democracies that seek it and are ready to share the responsibilities that NATO brings.”[…]The president had even gone out of his way to reassure Putin that he had nothing to fear from the enlargement of NATO, which would not include Russia.

2007, Joe Biden, Promises to Keep, New York: Random House, published 2008, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 297:

Acronym of North Atlantic Treaty Organization.


avatar

→ Japanese: アバター

Avatar (Hinduism)
Chip Morningstar
LucasArts
Neal Stephenson
Randy Farmer
Shadowrun
Snow Crash
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar
pen and paper

First use appears c. 1784, in The Hindu Wife; or, The Enchanted Fruit, by William Jones. Borrowed from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root √तॄ (√tṝ, “to cross”). In the computing sense, some use appeared in video games in the 1980s, such as the online roleplaying game Habitat (1985) by Lucasfilm Games (today LucasArts), by Chip Morningstar and Randy Farmer, later versions of the Ultima series (following religious use in Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar (1985)), and the pen and paper role-playing game Shadowrun (1989). Also popularized by the novel Snow Crash (1992) by Neal Stephenson.

أَفَاتَار

digital representation of a person or being

(Hinduism) An incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu.

অৱতাৰ

earthly incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu


avatar

From Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तरति (√tṝ, “to cross”).


avatar

From English avatar, from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तरति (√tṝ, “to cross”). Doublet of awatara.

(Hinduism) avatar (the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu)


avatar

Borrowed from French avatar, from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). The computing sense comes from English.


avatar

avatar (indefinite nominative singular)
avatars (genitive indefinite singular)
avataren (definite nominative singular)
avatarens (definite genitive singular)
avatarer (indefinite nominative plural)
avatarers (genitive indefinite plural)
avatarerna (definite nominative plural)
avatarernas (definite genitive plural)


pie

From Hindi पाई (pāī, “low-denomination coin”), from Sanskrit पादिका (pādikā, “foot, shoe”), from पाद (pāda, “foot, base, quarter”) + -इक (-ika, “-ic: forming adjectives”).

bor

I gave him all the money in my possession, Rs.9.8.5. – nine rupees, eight annas, and five pie – for I always keep small change as bakshish when I am in camp.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes”, in The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Other Tales, Folio Society, published 2005, page 117:

(historical) A former low-denomination coin of northern India.


tao

(philosophy, Taoism) Tao (Chinese philosophical term)


Cuba

la-proper noun

Cuba f sg (genitive Cubae); first declension

Cubae (genitive)
Cuba (nominative singular)
Cubae (genitive singular)
Cubae (dative singular)
Cubam (accusative singular)
Cubā (ablative singular)
Cuba (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology) The goddess who protects the lying down of children


Achilles

Borrowed from Latin Achillēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).

Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

Achilles’ wrath, to Greece the direful spring
Of woes unnumber’d, heavenly goddess, sing!

1715, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, chapter 1, in The Iliad of Homer, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC:

If once the lamentation is heard, it will ring out again, of the short-lived Achilles, of the leaf-like change and vicissitude of the human race, of the decay of the heroic age.

1910, Friedrich Nietzsche, chapter 3, in William A. Haussmann, transl., edited by Oscar Levy, The Birth of Tragedy; or, Hellenism and Pessimism (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche; 1), Edinburgh, London: T. N. Foulis, page 36:

In the last third of the Iliad, Achilles’ beloved companion, Patroklos, and his bitter enemy, Hektor, die wearing Achilles’ armor, their deaths prefiguring Achilles’ own.

2012, Richard Holway, Becoming Achilles: Child-Sacrifice, War, and Misrule in the Iliad and Beyond, Rowman & Littlefield (Lexington Books), page 153:

(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.


Achilles

From English Achilles, borrowed from Latin Achilles, from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


Achilles

csb-proper noun

Achilles m pers (related adjective achillesowi)

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Achilles (mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp)


Achilles

la-proper noun

Achillēs m sg (genitive Achillis); third declension

Achillēs (canonical masculine singular)
Achillis (genitive)
Achillēs (nominative singular)
Achillis (genitive singular)
Achillī (dative singular)
Achillem (accusative singular)
Achille (ablative singular)
Achillēs (singular vocative)

[äˈkʰɪlːʲeːs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


Achilles

pl-prop

Achilles m pers (related adjective achillesowy)

achillesowy (adjective)
Achilles (nominative singular)
Achillesowie (nominative plural)
Achillesi (nominative plural)
Achillesa (genitive singular)
Achillesów (genitive plural)
Achillesowi (dative singular)
Achillesom (dative plural)
Achillesa (accusative singular)
Achillesów (accusative plural)
Achillesem (instrumental singular)
Achillesami (instrumental plural)
Achillesie (locative singular)
Achillesach (locative plural)
Achillesie (singular vocative)
Achillesowie (plural vocative)
Achillesi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Achillēs. Doublet of Achil.


Achilles

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


phoenix

en-noun

phoenix (plural phoenix or phoenixes or phoenices)

phoenix (plural)
phoenixes (plural)
phoenices (plural)

From Old English and Old French fenix, from Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix), from Egyptian bnw (boinu, “grey heron”). Doublet of Bennu. The grey heron was venerated at Heliopolis and associated in Egypt with the cyclical renewal of life because the bird rises in flight at dawn and migrates back every year in the flood season to inhabit the Nile waters.

(Chinese mythology) A mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.


Jupiter

From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.

der

(Roman mythology) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupitera (genitive singular)
Jupiterovi (dative singular)
Jupiteru (dative singular)
Jupitera (accusative singular)
Jupitere (singular vocative)
Jupiterovi (locative singular)
Jupiteru (locative singular)
Jupiterem (instrumental singular)


Jupiter

Afrikaans: Jupiter

→ Papiamentu: Yüpitèr

From Middle Dutch jupiter, from Latin Iūpiter.


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupiterit (nominative plural)
Jupiter (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterit (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterin (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterit (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterin (genitive singular)
Jupiterien (genitive plural)
Jupitereiden (genitive plural)
Jupitereitten (genitive plural)
Jupiteria (partitive singular)
Jupitereita (partitive plural)
Jupitereja (partitive plural)
Jupiterissa (inessive singular)
Jupitereissa (inessive plural)
Jupiterista (elative singular)
Jupitereista (elative plural)
Jupiteriin (illative singular)
Jupitereihin (illative plural)
Jupiterilla (adessive singular)
Jupitereilla (adessive plural)
Jupiterilta (ablative singular)
Jupitereilta (ablative plural)
Jupiterille (allative singular)
Jupitereille (allative plural)
Jupiterina (essive singular)
Jupitereina (essive plural)
Jupiteriksi (singular translative)
Jupitereiksi (plural translative)
Jupiteritta (abessive singular)
Jupitereitta (abessive plural)
Jupiterein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Jupiterini (nominative singular)
Jupiterini (nominative plural)
Jupiterini (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterini (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterini (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterini (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterini (genitive singular)
Jupiterieni (genitive plural)
Jupitereideni (genitive plural)
Jupitereitteni (genitive plural)
Jupiteriani (partitive singular)
Jupitereitani (partitive plural)
Jupiterejani (partitive plural)
Jupiterissani (inessive singular)
Jupitereissani (inessive plural)
Jupiteristani (elative singular)
Jupitereistani (elative plural)
Jupiteriini (illative singular)
Jupitereihini (illative plural)
Jupiterillani (adessive singular)
Jupitereillani (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltani (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltani (ablative plural)
Jupiterilleni (allative singular)
Jupitereilleni (allative plural)
Jupiterinani (essive singular)
Jupitereinani (essive plural)
Jupiterikseni (singular translative)
Jupitereikseni (plural translative)
Jupiterittani (abessive singular)
Jupitereittani (abessive plural)
Jupitereineni (comitative plural)
Jupiterisi (nominative singular)
Jupiterisi (nominative plural)
Jupiterisi (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterisi (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterisi (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterisi (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterisi (genitive singular)
Jupiteriesi (genitive plural)
Jupitereidesi (genitive plural)
Jupitereittesi (genitive plural)
Jupiteriasi (partitive singular)
Jupitereitasi (partitive plural)
Jupiterejasi (partitive plural)
Jupiterissasi (inessive singular)
Jupitereissasi (inessive plural)
Jupiteristasi (elative singular)
Jupitereistasi (elative plural)
Jupiteriisi (illative singular)
Jupitereihisi (illative plural)
Jupiterillasi (adessive singular)
Jupitereillasi (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltasi (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltasi (ablative plural)
Jupiterillesi (allative singular)
Jupitereillesi (allative plural)
Jupiterinasi (essive singular)
Jupitereinasi (essive plural)
Jupiteriksesi (singular translative)
Jupitereiksesi (plural translative)
Jupiterittasi (abessive singular)
Jupitereittasi (abessive plural)
Jupitereinesi (comitative plural)
Jupiterimme (nominative singular)
Jupiterimme (nominative plural)
Jupiterimme (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterimme (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterimme (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterimme (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterimme (genitive singular)
Jupiteriemme (genitive plural)
Jupitereidemme (genitive plural)
Jupitereittemme (genitive plural)
Jupiteriamme (partitive singular)
Jupitereitamme (partitive plural)
Jupiterejamme (partitive plural)
Jupiterissamme (inessive singular)
Jupitereissamme (inessive plural)
Jupiteristamme (elative singular)
Jupitereistamme (elative plural)
Jupiteriimme (illative singular)
Jupitereihimme (illative plural)
Jupiterillamme (adessive singular)
Jupitereillamme (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltamme (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltamme (ablative plural)
Jupiterillemme (allative singular)
Jupitereillemme (allative plural)
Jupiterinamme (essive singular)
Jupitereinamme (essive plural)
Jupiteriksemme (singular translative)
Jupitereiksemme (plural translative)
Jupiterittamme (abessive singular)
Jupitereittamme (abessive plural)
Jupitereinemme (comitative plural)
Jupiterinne (nominative singular)
Jupiterinne (nominative plural)
Jupiterinne (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterinne (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterinne (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterinne (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterinne (genitive singular)
Jupiterienne (genitive plural)
Jupitereidenne (genitive plural)
Jupitereittenne (genitive plural)
Jupiterianne (partitive singular)
Jupitereitanne (partitive plural)
Jupiterejanne (partitive plural)
Jupiterissanne (inessive singular)
Jupitereissanne (inessive plural)
Jupiteristanne (elative singular)
Jupitereistanne (elative plural)
Jupiteriinne (illative singular)
Jupitereihinne (illative plural)
Jupiterillanne (adessive singular)
Jupitereillanne (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltanne (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltanne (ablative plural)
Jupiterillenne (allative singular)
Jupitereillenne (allative plural)
Jupiterinanne (essive singular)
Jupitereinanne (essive plural)
Jupiteriksenne (singular translative)
Jupitereiksenne (plural translative)
Jupiterittanne (abessive singular)
Jupitereittanne (abessive plural)
Jupitereinenne (comitative plural)
Jupiterinsa (nominative singular)
Jupiterinsa (nominative plural)
Jupiterinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterinsa (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterinsa (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterinsa (genitive singular)
Jupiteriensa (genitive plural)
Jupitereidensa (genitive plural)
Jupitereittensa (genitive plural)
Jupiteriaan (partitive singular)
Jupiteriansa (partitive singular)
Jupitereitaan (partitive plural)
Jupiterejaan (partitive plural)
Jupitereitansa (partitive plural)
Jupiterejansa (partitive plural)
Jupiterissaan (inessive singular)
Jupiterissansa (inessive singular)
Jupitereissaan (inessive plural)
Jupitereissansa (inessive plural)
Jupiteristaan (elative singular)
Jupiteristansa (elative singular)
Jupitereistaan (elative plural)
Jupitereistansa (elative plural)
Jupiteriinsa (illative singular)
Jupitereihinsa (illative plural)
Jupiterillaan (adessive singular)
Jupiterillansa (adessive singular)
Jupitereillaan (adessive plural)
Jupitereillansa (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltaan (ablative singular)
Jupiteriltansa (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltaan (ablative plural)
Jupitereiltansa (ablative plural)
Jupiterilleen (allative singular)
Jupiterillensa (allative singular)
Jupitereilleen (allative plural)
Jupitereillensa (allative plural)
Jupiterinaan (essive singular)
Jupiterinansa (essive singular)
Jupitereinaan (essive plural)
Jupitereinansa (essive plural)
Jupiterikseen (singular translative)
Jupiteriksensa (singular translative)
Jupitereikseen (plural translative)
Jupitereiksensa (plural translative)
Jupiterittaan (abessive singular)
Jupiterittansa (abessive singular)
Jupitereittaan (abessive plural)
Jupitereittansa (abessive plural)
Jupitereineen (comitative plural)
Jupitereinensa (comitative plural)


Jupiter

de-proper noun

Jupiter m (proper noun, strong, genitive Jupiters or Jupiter)

Jupiters (genitive)
Jupiter (genitive)
Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupiters (genitive singular)
Jupiter (genitive singular)
Jupiter (dative singular)
Jupiter (accusative singular)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iūpiter (“Jupiter”).

Pluto

traditionally; by the IAU founded in 1919 only till 2006


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupiterek (nominative plural)
Jupitert (accusative singular)
Jupitereket (accusative plural)
Jupiternek (dative singular)
Jupitereknek (dative plural)
Jupiterrel (instrumental singular)
Jupiterekkel (instrumental plural)
Jupiterért (causal-final singular)
Jupiterekért (causal-final plural)
Jupiterré (singular translative)
Jupiterekké (plural translative)
Jupiterig (singular terminative)
Jupiterekig (plural terminative)
Jupiterként (essive-formal singular)
Jupiterekként (essive-formal plural)
Jupiterben (inessive singular)
Jupiterekben (inessive plural)
Jupiteren (singular superessive)
Jupitereken (plural superessive)
Jupiternél (adessive singular)
Jupitereknél (adessive plural)
Jupiterbe (illative singular)
Jupiterekbe (illative plural)
Jupiterre (singular sublative)
Jupiterekre (plural sublative)
Jupiterhez (allative singular)
Jupiterekhez (allative plural)
Jupiterből (elative singular)
Jupiterekből (elative plural)
Jupiterről (delative singular)
Jupiterekről (delative plural)
Jupitertől (ablative singular)
Jupiterektől (ablative plural)
Jupiteré (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Jupitereké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
Jupiteréi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Jupiterekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
Jupiterem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Jupitereim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Jupitered (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Jupitereid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Jupitere (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Jupiterei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Jupiterünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Jupitereink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Jupiteretek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Jupitereitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Jupiterük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Jupitereik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupitera (genitive singular)
Jupiterowi (dative singular)
Jupitera (accusative singular)
Jupiterem (instrumental singular)
Jupiterze (locative singular)
Jupiterze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djowe-, ablative case of *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Doublet of Jowisz and Zeus.

(Roman mythology) Jupiter (the chief god, the Roman god of the sky and lightning)


Jupiter

Jùpiter (canonical masculine)
Ју̀питер (Cyrillic)
Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupitera (genitive singular)
Jupiteru (dative singular)
Jupiter (accusative singular)
Jupitera (accusative singular)
Jupiteru (singular vocative)
Jupiteru (locative singular)
Jupiterem (instrumental singular)


Jupiter

sk-proper noun

Jupiter m pers (genitive singular Jupitera, declension pattern of chlap)

Jupitera (genitive singular)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
Jupiter (nominative singular-only)
Jupitera (genitive singular-only)
Jupiterovi (dative singular-only)
Jupitera (accusative singular-only)
Jupiterovi (locative singular-only)
Jupiterom (instrumental singular-only)

Derived from Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”).


Jupiter

Jȗpitər (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Júpiter (nominative singular)
Júpitra (genitive singular)
Júpitru (dative singular)
Júpiter (accusative singular)
Júpitru (locative singular)
Júpitrom (instrumental singular)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Júpiter (nominative singular)
Júpitra (genitive singular)
Júpitru (dative singular)
Júpitra (accusative singular)
Júpitru (locative singular)
Júpitrom (instrumental singular)


abaco

From Latin abacus (“counting board”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board”).

abbaco

art of counting; except in the meaning of

(historical, Ancient Rome) a board used to display pottery during banquets


RS

Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire
w:Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire

(fandom slang) Initialism of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire.


FL

(slang, manga, anime) Abbreviation of female lead.


CT

(Egyptology) Initialism of Coffin Texts.


ML

en-noun

ML (countable and uncountable, plural MLs)

(slang, manga, anime) Abbreviation of male lead.


om

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ओम् (om) (symbol ॐ (oṃ)). The former (om) is used in both Buddhist and Hindu settings, while the latter (aum) is usually used only in Jain and Hindu settings.

lbor

In fact it sounded exactly like the voice of Livia, her vanished sister, and, like her, it was intoning the Aum just as she used once to do at the beginning of her yoga sessions.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 800:

Om is pronounced "a-a-o-o-u-u-m-m" and is repeated slowly for as long as possible.

2001 October 20, Hazel Curry, The Guardian:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


om

From Sanskrit ओं (oṃ) or औं (auṃ) or ॐ (oṃ). Cognate with Balinese ᬒᬁ.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) om: a sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


Victoria

en-proper noun

Victoria (countable and uncountable, plural Victorias or Victoriae)

From Latin Victōria, from victōria (“victory”). Doublet of Vitória. The given name can also be analyzed as the male name Victor + -ia. The places were named in honour of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of victory, the counterpart of the Greek goddess Nike.


PBB

Partai Bulan Bintang
w:id:Partai Bulan Bintang

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Bulan Bintang (literally “Crescent Star Party”).


PBB

Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
w:ms:Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (“United Bumiputera Heritage Party”).


talent

From Middle English talent, from Old English talente, borrowed from the plural of Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance, a particular weight, especially of gold, sum of money, a talent”). Compare Old High German talenta (“talent”). Later figurative senses are from Old French talent (“talent, will, inclination, desire”), derived from the biblical Parable of the Talents.

der

For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods. And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew XXV:14-15:

(historical) A unit of weight and money used in ancient times in Greece, the Roman Empire, and the Middle East, equal to about 30 to 60 kg in various times and places.


talent

Borrowed from Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a particular weight, especially of gold; sum of money; a talent”).

der

(historical, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece) a talent (an obsolete unit of weight or money)


as

→ German: As, Ass

→ Hungarian: ász

→ Turkish: as

→ Vietnamese: át


漢

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (漢):
* → Japanese: 漢(かん) (kan)
* → Korean: 한(漢) (han)
* → Vietnamese: Hán (漢)

→ Arabic: هان (hān)

→ Bulgarian: хан (han)

→ English: Han

→ Finnish: Han

→ French: Han

→ German: Han

→ Khmer: ហាន (haan)

→ Polish: Han

→ Portuguese: han

→ Russian: хань (xanʹ), ханец (xanec)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hnaːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 暵 (OC *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) or 熯 (or 難 according to Xu Shen) – name of a river in China (漢水 or 漢江). Xu Shen links the third contracted phonetic component to the ancient variant 灘. The component to the left as a result of a contraction appears as a variant of 堇, which is the pictogram of a man burned alive as a sacrifice. It is partly unclear whether or not the phonetic component also suggests a morphological feature of the Han river (e.g., a dry river or a river that flows with difficulty) or simply indicates part of the pronounciation; Xu Shen puts no explanation.
A second ancient variant of the character reported by Xu Shen is 㵄 (perhaps analyzable as 淢 and 大).
The usage for the Chinese ethnicity first appeared during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, claiming the Han dynasty as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. Before the Han dynasty, the Chinese referred their land as 華夏 ("Huaxia"), and themselves as 諸華 ("various Hua people") or 諸夏 ("various people/descendants of the Xias"). "Xia" ("Summer; great, splendid") also gave the name to the first semi-legendary Chinese dinasty, the Xia Dinasty (夏朝).

Han compound

When asking about the name of the current dynasty, it became apparent that they did not know about the Han Dynasty, much less the Wei or Jin Dynasties.

421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)

Wèn jīn shì hé shì, nǎi bùzhī yǒu Hàn, wúlùn Wèi Jìn.

問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。

问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。


ba

Any ordinary person who has ever floated out of his body during a nap knows what a Ba is, but unfortunately the dogmas of our materialistic culture constrain the person to ignore and repress his experience.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 220:

But the Ba, I remembered, could be seen as the mistress of your heart and might or might not decide to speak to you, just as the heart cannot always forgive.

(Egyptian mythology) A being's soul or personality, represented as a bird-headed figure, which survives after death but must be sustained with offerings of food.


earth

en-noun

earth (countable and uncountable, plural earths)

From Middle English erthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō (“dirt, ground, earth”) (compare West Frisian ierde, Low German Eerd, Dutch aarde, Dutch Low Saxon eerde, German Erde, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian jord), related to *erwô (“earth”) (compare Old High German ero, perhaps Old Norse jǫrfi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er- (compare Ancient Greek *ἔρα (*éra, “earth”) in ἔραζε (éraze, “to the ground, to earth”), perhaps Tocharian B yare (“gravel”).
Probably unrelated, but of unknown etymology, is Old Armenian երկիր (erkir, “earth”). Likewise, the phonologically similar Proto-Semitic *ʔarṣ́- – whence Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ), Hebrew אֶרֶץ (ʾereṣ) – is probably not related.

inh

earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust

(alchemy, philosophy and Taoism) The aforementioned soil- or rock-based material, considered one of the four or five classical elements.


actor

→ Scottish Gaelic: actair

→ Welsh: actor

Inherited from Middle English actour, from Anglo-Norman actor, Middle French actor, and their source, Latin āctor (“doer”), from agō (“to do”). Equivalent to act + -or. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκτωρ (áktōr, “leader”), from ἄγω (ágō, “lead, carry, convey, bring”).

(obsolete, Ancient Rome) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes.


空

Jingpho language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 穴 (“cave, hole”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice; inner part”). 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”) is probably the endoactive derivation of 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, “hollow; empty”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁུང (khung, “hole”), Jingpho ladi hku (“nostril”), Chepang घाङ् (gʰaŋ, “hole”), Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “cavity”), Naxi ko³³ (“cave; hole; pit”) (STEDT). See also 坑 (OC *kʰraːŋ, “pit”) and 肛 (OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ, “anus”), which may or may not be related.


krok

pl-noun

krok m inan (diminutive kroczek, related adjective kroczny)

kroczek (diminutive)
kroczny (adjective)
krok (nominative singular)
kroki (nominative plural)
kroku (genitive singular)
kroków (genitive plural)
krokowi (dative singular)
krokom (dative plural)
krok (accusative singular)
kroki (accusative plural)
krokiem (instrumental singular)
krokami (instrumental plural)
kroku (locative singular)
krokach (locative plural)
kroku (singular vocative)
kroki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: крок (krok)

→ Ukrainian: крок (krok)

Inherited from Old Polish *krok. First attested in 1534.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “krok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(metrology, Ancient Rome) step (Roman unit of length equal to five Roman feet)


USA

→ German: USA

→ Ido: Usa

َالْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة الْأَمْرِيكِيَّة

United Sabah Alliance
w:United Sabah Alliance

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of United Sabah Alliance.


shogun

From Japanese 将軍 (shōgun), itself the short form of 征夷大将軍 (seii taishōgun, literally “general who overcomes the barbarians”), ultimately from Middle Chinese. Doublet of jiangjun.

The third is the Shogun who reygneth at the preſent, and hath rayſed the perſecution (whereof this booke intreateth) againſt the Chriſtians, and he as it ſeemeth is acknowledged as Lord of all the threeſcore and ſix Kingdomes of Iaponia.

1619, W. W. Gent, transl., A briefe relation of the persecution lately made against the Catholike christians, in the Kingdome of Iaponia, devided into two books:

The supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan.


shogun

shogun (nominative singular)
shoguni (nominative plural)
shogunowie (nominative plural)
shoguny (derogatory nominative plural)
shoguna (genitive singular)
shogunów (genitive plural)
shogunowi (dative singular)
shogunom (dative plural)
shoguna (accusative singular)
shogunów (accusative plural)
shogunem (instrumental singular)
shogunami (instrumental plural)
shogunie (locative singular)
shogunach (locative plural)
shogunie (singular vocative)
shoguni (plural vocative)
shogunowie (plural vocative)
shoguny (derogatory plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English shogun.

(uncommon, historical, military) Alternative spelling of szogun


Europe

English: Europe, Europa (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Europe

Learned borrowing from Latin Eurōpa, borrowed from Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa).


doujinshi

en-noun

doujinshi (countable and uncountable, plural doujinshi or doujinshis)

Borrowed from Japanese 同(どう)人(じん)誌(し) (dōjinshi, “fan-produced manga or essay booklets”), from 同(どう)人(じん) (dōjin, “group for the same interest”) + 誌(し) (shi, “magazine or a pamphlet”).

ja-r

(manga) A fan-produced book or magazine of Japanese fiction; especially manga.


animé

From Japanese アニメ (“anime”), from アニメーション (“animēshon”), from English animation.


conge

From French conge, from Latin congius. Only attested in English in the obsolete plural form congys.

(historical, obsolete) Alternative form of congy, congius, ancient Roman units of liquid measure and mass.


Asia

en-proper noun

Asia (countable and uncountable, plural Asias)

From Middle English Asia, Asie, from Old French Asie and Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Asíā), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊 (a-si-wi-ja /aswijaː/), in turn probably from Hittite 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa /Aššuwa/, “northwest Anatolia”) of uncertain origin. Potentially from an Aegean language family substrate or Akkadian. Possibly a doublet of Assuwa.

der

67 Asia
Asia
Asia (mythology)
United Nations Statistics Division

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the wife of the Titan, Iapetus, and mother of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menoetius.


harem

en-noun

harem (countable and uncountable, plural harems)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem) Turkish harem, from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram, “something prohibited; sanctuary, women”); and later also from حَرِيم (ḥarīm) with same meaning, both from حَرُمَ (ḥaruma, “be forbidden or unlawful”). Doublet of haram.

der

(uncountable) A genre of anime and manga in which a man is the love interest of three or more women.


clean

en-verb

clean (third-person singular simple present cleans, present participle cleaning, simple past and past participle cleaned)

cleans (present singular third-person)
cleaning (participle present)
cleaned (participle past)
cleaned (past)

From Middle English clene, clane, from Old English clǣne (“clean, pure”), from Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“shining, fine, splendid, tender”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *glēy- (“gleaming”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to gleam”). Cognate with Scots clean (“absolute, pure, clear, empty”) and clene, clane (“clean”), North Frisian klien (“small”), Dutch klein (“small”), Low German kleen (“small”), German klein (“small”), Swedish klen (“weak, feeble, delicate”), Icelandic klénn (“poor, feeble, petty, snug, puny, cheesy, lame”).

cog

(manga fandom slang) To purge a raw of any blemishes caused by the scanning process such as brown tinting and poor color contrast.


神

→ English: kami

Ainu language
Japanese language
Korean language
Kyūjitai
Old Japanese language
Proto-Japonic language
Shinjitai

⟨kami₂⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamui.
Not related to 上 (kami₁ → kami, “top, upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”).
Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is an unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, ma-, “eye”) or 酒 (sake, saka-, “sake, liquor”). See also WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.
Compare Korean 검 (geom, “god, spirit”) and Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).

(Shinto) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto


anime

en-noun

anime (countable and uncountable, plural anime or animes)

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), itself borrowed from English animation, from Latin animātiō, from animāre.

Gotta get in tune with Sailor Moon / 'Cause that cartoon has got the boom anime babes / That make me think the wrong thing

1998, “One Week”, performed by Barenaked Ladies:

After three months of successful sales in manga form, it was made into an anime for television.

2005, Peter J. Katzenstein, A World of Regions, page 165:

Usually the manga comes first, though it may be an offshoot of a novel, and an anime may be inspired by a video game.

2005, Joan D. Vinge, The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror: Eighteenth Annual Collection, page cix:

These anime prepared the way for Otaku no video, a two-part Original Video Animation (OVA).

2006, Thomas LaMarre, edited by Tomiko Yoda and Harry D. Harootunian, Japan After Japan, page 363:

(countable) An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.


anime

anime (absolutive indefinite)
animea (absolutive indefinite singular)
animeak (absolutive indefinite plural)
animek (ergative indefinite)
animeak (ergative indefinite singular)
animeek (ergative indefinite plural)
animeri (dative indefinite)
animeari (dative indefinite singular)
animeei (dative indefinite plural)
animeren (genitive indefinite)
animearen (genitive indefinite singular)
animeen (genitive indefinite plural)
animerekin (comitative indefinite)
animearekin (comitative indefinite singular)
animeekin (comitative indefinite plural)
animerengatik (causative indefinite)
animearengatik (causative indefinite singular)
animeengatik (causative indefinite plural)
animerentzat (benefactive indefinite)
animearentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
animeentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
animez (indefinite instrumental)
animeaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
animeez (indefinite instrumental plural)
animetan (indefinite inessive)
animean (indefinite inessive singular)
animeetan (indefinite inessive plural)
animetako (indefinite locative)
animeko (indefinite locative singular)
animeetako (indefinite locative plural)
animetara (allative indefinite)
animera (allative indefinite singular)
animeetara (allative indefinite plural)
animetaraino (indefinite terminative)
animeraino (indefinite singular terminative)
animeetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
animetarantz (directive indefinite)
animerantz (directive indefinite singular)
animeetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
animetarako (destinative indefinite)
animerako (destinative indefinite singular)
animeetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
animetatik (ablative indefinite)
animetik (ablative indefinite singular)
animeetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
animerik (indefinite partitive)
animetzat (indefinite prolative)

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), ultimately from English animation.

Beste batzuk, berriz, animeetako marrazkien antzera janzten dira; Alizia herrialde miresgarrian ipuinetik ateratakoak ematen du zenbaitek.

2009 December 27, Elena Senao, “Japoniarren bi aurpegiak”, in Argia, number 2212:

Others, however, disguise themselves in the style of anime cartoons; some look like characters from the tale Alice in Wonderland.


anime

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ. First attested in 1997.

Coordinate term: manga

(animation) anime (animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style)


anime

pl-adj

anime (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(animation, postpositive, relational) anime (artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries)

(animation, postpositive, relational) anime (animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style)


亃

(Chinese mythology) a kind of swine-like beast with a yellow body and a white tail


manga

en-noun

manga (countable and uncountable, plural manga or mangas)

desc

→ Hindi: मांगा (māṅgā), माँगा (māṅgā), मैंगा (maiṅgā)

Black Cat (manga)
Hokusai
manga (disambiguation)

Borrowed from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Compare Mandarin 漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà), Korean 만화 (漫畵／漫畫, manhwa). After an 1814 book by Katsushika Hokusai. Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

zh-l

漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà)

English speakers are quick to notice the at times incorrect use of English in anime and manga. Many English words are customarily used in standard Japanese speech, and sometimes they are pronounced and employed in a manner quite different from their native use.

2001, Gilles Poitras, “What makes anime unique”, in Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know, page 63:

Manga (Japanese comics) are everywhere. Even here in Auckland. One can find various titles in their original versions as well as in Chinese, Korean and English translations.

2007, Yukako Sunaoshi, “Who reads comics? Manga readership among first-generation Asian immigrants in New Zealand”, in Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan, page 94:

Manga-influenced comics by Western authors are frequently sold alongside manga, although in most bookstores the decision is primarily a matter of format and packaging (i.e., whether the book is printed in the compact manga size or the traditionally larger American comic book format).

2012, Jason Thompson, “Introduction”, in Manga: The Complete Guide, page 46:

(countable, comics) A comic originating in Japan.


manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), after an 1814 book by Katsushika Hokusai.

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


manga

manga (nominative singular)
mangat (nominative plural)
manga (accusative nominative singular)
mangat (accusative nominative plural)
mangan (accusative genitive singular)
mangat (accusative genitive plural)
mangan (genitive singular)
mangojen (genitive plural)
mangain (genitive plural rare)
mangaa (partitive singular)
mangoja (partitive plural)
mangassa (inessive singular)
mangoissa (inessive plural)
mangasta (elative singular)
mangoista (elative plural)
mangaan (illative singular)
mangoihin (illative plural)
mangalla (adessive singular)
mangoilla (adessive plural)
mangalta (ablative singular)
mangoilta (ablative plural)
mangalle (allative singular)
mangoille (allative plural)
mangana (essive singular)
mangoina (essive plural)
mangaksi (singular translative)
mangoiksi (plural translative)
mangatta (abessive singular)
mangoitta (abessive plural)
mangoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mangani (nominative singular)
mangani (nominative plural)
mangani (accusative nominative singular)
mangani (accusative nominative plural)
mangani (accusative genitive singular)
mangani (accusative genitive plural)
mangani (genitive singular)
mangojeni (genitive plural)
mangaini (genitive plural rare)
mangaani (partitive singular)
mangojani (partitive plural)
mangassani (inessive singular)
mangoissani (inessive plural)
mangastani (elative singular)
mangoistani (elative plural)
mangaani (illative singular)
mangoihini (illative plural)
mangallani (adessive singular)
mangoillani (adessive plural)
mangaltani (ablative singular)
mangoiltani (ablative plural)
mangalleni (allative singular)
mangoilleni (allative plural)
manganani (essive singular)
mangoinani (essive plural)
mangakseni (singular translative)
mangoikseni (plural translative)
mangattani (abessive singular)
mangoittani (abessive plural)
mangoineni (comitative plural)
mangasi (nominative singular)
mangasi (nominative plural)
mangasi (accusative nominative singular)
mangasi (accusative nominative plural)
mangasi (accusative genitive singular)
mangasi (accusative genitive plural)
mangasi (genitive singular)
mangojesi (genitive plural)
mangaisi (genitive plural rare)
mangaasi (partitive singular)
mangojasi (partitive plural)
mangassasi (inessive singular)
mangoissasi (inessive plural)
mangastasi (elative singular)
mangoistasi (elative plural)
mangaasi (illative singular)
mangoihisi (illative plural)
mangallasi (adessive singular)
mangoillasi (adessive plural)
mangaltasi (ablative singular)
mangoiltasi (ablative plural)
mangallesi (allative singular)
mangoillesi (allative plural)
manganasi (essive singular)
mangoinasi (essive plural)
mangaksesi (singular translative)
mangoiksesi (plural translative)
mangattasi (abessive singular)
mangoittasi (abessive plural)
mangoinesi (comitative plural)
mangamme (nominative singular)
mangamme (nominative plural)
mangamme (accusative nominative singular)
mangamme (accusative nominative plural)
mangamme (accusative genitive singular)
mangamme (accusative genitive plural)
mangamme (genitive singular)
mangojemme (genitive plural)
mangaimme (genitive plural rare)
mangaamme (partitive singular)
mangojamme (partitive plural)
mangassamme (inessive singular)
mangoissamme (inessive plural)
mangastamme (elative singular)
mangoistamme (elative plural)
mangaamme (illative singular)
mangoihimme (illative plural)
mangallamme (adessive singular)
mangoillamme (adessive plural)
mangaltamme (ablative singular)
mangoiltamme (ablative plural)
mangallemme (allative singular)
mangoillemme (allative plural)
manganamme (essive singular)
mangoinamme (essive plural)
mangaksemme (singular translative)
mangoiksemme (plural translative)
mangattamme (abessive singular)
mangoittamme (abessive plural)
mangoinemme (comitative plural)
manganne (nominative singular)
manganne (nominative plural)
manganne (accusative nominative singular)
manganne (accusative nominative plural)
manganne (accusative genitive singular)
manganne (accusative genitive plural)
manganne (genitive singular)
mangojenne (genitive plural)
mangainne (genitive plural rare)
mangaanne (partitive singular)
mangojanne (partitive plural)
mangassanne (inessive singular)
mangoissanne (inessive plural)
mangastanne (elative singular)
mangoistanne (elative plural)
mangaanne (illative singular)
mangoihinne (illative plural)
mangallanne (adessive singular)
mangoillanne (adessive plural)
mangaltanne (ablative singular)
mangoiltanne (ablative plural)
mangallenne (allative singular)
mangoillenne (allative plural)
mangananne (essive singular)
mangoinanne (essive plural)
mangaksenne (singular translative)
mangoiksenne (plural translative)
mangattanne (abessive singular)
mangoittanne (abessive plural)
mangoinenne (comitative plural)
mangansa (nominative singular)
mangansa (nominative plural)
mangansa (accusative nominative singular)
mangansa (accusative nominative plural)
mangansa (accusative genitive singular)
mangansa (accusative genitive plural)
mangansa (genitive singular)
mangojensa (genitive plural)
mangainsa (genitive plural rare)
mangaansa (partitive singular)
mangojaan (partitive plural)
mangojansa (partitive plural)
mangassaan (inessive singular)
mangassansa (inessive singular)
mangoissaan (inessive plural)
mangoissansa (inessive plural)
mangastaan (elative singular)
mangastansa (elative singular)
mangoistaan (elative plural)
mangoistansa (elative plural)
mangaansa (illative singular)
mangoihinsa (illative plural)
mangallaan (adessive singular)
mangallansa (adessive singular)
mangoillaan (adessive plural)
mangoillansa (adessive plural)
mangaltaan (ablative singular)
mangaltansa (ablative singular)
mangoiltaan (ablative plural)
mangoiltansa (ablative plural)
mangalleen (allative singular)
mangallensa (allative singular)
mangoilleen (allative plural)
mangoillensa (allative plural)
manganaan (essive singular)
manganansa (essive singular)
mangoinaan (essive plural)
mangoinansa (essive plural)
mangakseen (singular translative)
mangaksensa (singular translative)
mangoikseen (plural translative)
mangoiksensa (plural translative)
mangattaan (abessive singular)
mangattansa (abessive singular)
mangoittaan (abessive plural)
mangoittansa (abessive plural)
mangoineen (comitative plural)
mangoinensa (comitative plural)


manga

Borrowed from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga). Doublet of manhwa.

Hiromu Arakawa est une jeune mangaka débutante quand elle envoie son premier projet chez un éditeur. L’histoire courte deviendra FullMetal Alchemist, un des mangas les plus vendus au Japon : 12 millions d’exemplaires !

2005 November 1, “Duck Action : 5 mangas inmangables ! [Duck Action: 5 Manga You Can’t Miss!]”, in Picsou Magazine (non-fiction), Disney Hachette Presse, page 27:

Hiromu Arakawa was a young mangaka debuting when she sent her first project to a publisher. That short story became FullMetal Alchemist, one of the best-selling manga in Japan: 12 million copies!

Osamu Tezuka est le plus grand dessinateur de manga. De 1947 à 1989, il dessine 150000 pages et crée d’innombrable séries : Astro Boy, le roi Léo, Metropolis, BlackJack, Les trois Adolf, Ayako, Phénix […]

Osamu Tezuka was the greatest manga artist. From 1947 to 1989, he drew 150,000 pages and created countless series: Astro Boy, Kimba the White Lion, Metropolis, Black Jack, Message to Adolf, Ayako, Phoenix…


manga

Ultimately from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga).


manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Doublet of manhua and manhwa.


manga

manga (nominative singular)
mangi (nominative plural)
mangi (genitive singular)
mang (genitive plural)
mandze (dative singular)
mangom (dative plural)
mangę (accusative singular)
mangi (accusative plural)
mangą (instrumental singular)
mangami (instrumental plural)
mandze (locative singular)
mangach (locative plural)
mango (singular vocative)
mangi (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: anime


manga

(chiefly Portugal) (comics) manga (comic made in Japanese)


manga

manga (indefinite nominative singular)
mangas (genitive indefinite singular)
mangan (definite nominative singular)
mangans (definite genitive singular)
mangor (indefinite nominative plural)
mangors (genitive indefinite plural)
mangorna (definite nominative plural)
mangornas (definite genitive plural)


manga

head

manga (definite accusative mangayı, plural mangalar)

mangayı (accusative definite)
mangalar (plural)


agora

From Hebrew אֲגוֹרָה (agorá), from the root א־ג־ר (ʾ-g-r, “forming words relating to hoarding and storing”).

(numismatics) Since 1960, a monetary unit and coin of Israel, the 100th part of a shekel / sheqel.


agora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, historical) agora (marketplace in Classical Greece)

(Ancient Greece, historical) agora (gathering of people in an agora)


串

/kusi/ → /kuɕi/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki, finished CE 720.
Cognate with 櫛 (kushi, “comb”).

其の御幣の串に書付て奉りたりける

sono gohei no kushi ni kakitsukete tatematsuritarikeru

That branch of streamers, written and presented...

any slender object that can pierce other objects, especially:

(Shinto) Short for 玉串 (tamagushi): a branch of a 榊 (sakaki) tree used as a Shinto offering


凰

Originally 皇. A spurious 𠘨 was added by the assimilation with 鳳.

(Chinese mythology) female fenghuang (a mythological bird)


仙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (仙):
* → Japanese: 仙(せん) (sen)
* → Korean: 선(仙) (seon)
* → Vietnamese: tiên (仙)

→ Thai: เซียน (siian) (via Hokkien)

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sen): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn, “mountain”) — a person moving into a mountain to practise becoming immortal.
Originally 僊. The current form is first attested in the clerical script of the Han dynasty.
A relatively late word, perhaps Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གཤེན (gshen, “shaman”), as in Tibetan གཤེན་རབ (gshen rab, “Shenrab”), the founder of the Tibetan religion Bon, although this might be a loan from Chinese (ibid.). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s[ă]n (“a kind of demon”), comparing it to Tibetan བསེན་མོ (bsen mo, “female devil”) and Jingpho sawn (“malignant female nat”).

cog

*僊
仚
屳
㒨
僲
𠑗
𠏡
銑

(Taoism) xian (an immortal; celestial being)


劃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ): phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Han compound

(South Korean idol fandom, humorous) NCT (group)


吳

→ English: Wu, Ng, Goh, Ngo

→ Tagalog: Go, Wu

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 口 (“mouth”) + 夨 (“man with tilted head”) – to speak loudly.
; "to shout"

吴
吴
呉
𠯵
㕦
𡗾
𡗿

(historical) (～國) Wu, one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937


受

Possibly a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 爪 (“hand”) + 凡 (“plate”) + 又 (“hand”) – to hand over.
凡 in the middle was corrupted into 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which acted as a phonetic component. Alternatively, the character may have always been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːs, *djuʔ): semantic 爪 (“hand”) + phonetic 舟 (OC *tjɯw, “boat”) + semantic 又 (“hand”). The
凡 or 舟 has been simplified to 冖 since the seal script.
; “bottom; uke”


啟

(Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


localization

en-noun

localization (countable and uncountable, plural localizations)

/ˌləʊkəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

From localize + -ation; compare French localisation.

გაქართულება

specifically meaning localization to Georgian only

James has been responsible for the government works programme. He is the last expatriate senior official left in the administration, apart from the Attorney General, Jeremy Mathews. It has been a remarkably swift and comprehensive process of localization, and the competence of government in Hong Kong has not suffered an iota. His departure is a significant day for Hong Kong.

2022, Chris Patten, The Hong Kong Diaries, Penguin UK, →ISBN:

(HK politics, specifically) The switch of positions in power from the colonizing population to the local population.


喳

Misinterpreted from Manchu ᠵᡝ (je). Compare Mongolian ᠵᠠ (ǰa) (Cyrillic spelling за (za)).

(chiefly in historical novels, movies or dramas, proscribed) yes (when responding to the emperor or a Manchu official in the Qing dynasty)


商

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Du Yu
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

Traditionally it is considered that 商人 (shāngrén) is so named because this term originally refers to people from Shang dynasty, who tend to do business.
From 賒 (OC *hljaː) plus terminative suffix *-ŋ (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology.

謪
𠘾
𠹧
𠼬
𠾃
𠿧
𡂦
𡃬
𡄚
𡅟
𥫐
𧶜
𧷞
𨝗


元

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Garo language
Han dynasty
I Ching
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Tibetan language
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xianbei
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (元):
* → Korean: 원(元) (won)
* → Vietnamese: nguyên (元)

→ English: yuan

Pictogram (象形) – a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”), with a noun-forming suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2003; STEDT). If so, cognate with 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, “ruler; lord; queen”), Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head; summit; beginning”), མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”), Garo sko (“skull”), Northern Tujia kho⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ (“head”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). 原 (OC *ŋʷan, “source; origin; basic; primary”) and 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) may be the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It may also be related to 君 (OC *klun, “lord; prince; ruler”), 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “magistrate; governor”), 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “marquis”) (Mei, 1985).
The name of the dynasty comes from the I Ching:
:
Part of the people with this surname are Xianbei descendants. It was changed from 拓跋 (Tuòbá) as ordered by Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei.

och-l

Vast is the ‘great and originating (power)’ indicated by Qian! All things owe to it their beginning: - it contains all the meaning belonging to (the name) heaven.

I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Dà zāi qián yuán, wànwù zī shǐ, nǎi tǒng tiān.

大哉乾元，萬物資始，乃統天。

大哉干元，万物资始，乃统天。

元曲

(Taoism) kalpa, a cosmic or supreme cycle of 129,000 years


嘯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːwɢs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ).

Han compound

(Taoism) type of breathing exercise involving vocalizations


周

desc

→ English: Zhou, Chou, Chow, Chau, Chew, Chiu

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
King Wen of Zhou
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Middle Chinese
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Old Chinese
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

;to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)
;to help
:Alternatively, note Khmer ជួយ (cuəy, “to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save”) (ibid.). Even so, also note Thai ช่วย (chûai), which in turn is from Middle Chinese 助 (MC dzrjoH)); if Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) and Thai ช่วย (chûai) were related, then Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) cannot be related to Old Chinese 周 (OC *tjɯw).
;dynasty's name
:A 周方白 (Zhōufāng bó, “Elder of Zhou region”), likely King Wen of Zhou, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)
:Hargett (2021) states that 商 (Shāng) and 周 (Zhōu) derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the 周方 (Zhōufāng, “Zhou region”) was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".

cog

𠕛
𠱬
𠄗
𠕛
𠣘
淍
週
舟
州

Although Zhou was an old country,
The [favouring] appointment lighted on it recently.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

周雖舊邦，其命維新。

周虽旧邦，其命维新。

(historical) name of various dynasties
(～朝) Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)

name of various dynasties
Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)

Northern Zhou (557—581), one of the Northern dynasties in China

Wu Zhou (690–705), established by Wu Zetian

Later Zhou (951–960), one of the Five Dynasties in China


夔

From a Kam-Tai source (Mei, 1980; Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Tai *ɣwaːjᴬ (“water buffalo”), Sui kui² (“water buffalo”). Schuessler also considered 犩 (Later Han Chinese ŋuɨ) to be the same etymon.

(Chinese mythology) the Kui, a one-legged creature


唐

→ English: Tang, T'ang, Tong, Tng

desc

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *daːŋᴬ² (“road; way”)

Northern Thai: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ

Khün: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ

Lao: ທາງ (thāng)

Lü: ᦑᦱᧂ (taang)

Tai Dam: ꪕꪱꪉ

Shan: တၢင်း (táang)

Tai Nüa: ᥖᥣᥒᥰ (täang)

Ahom: 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ)

Thai: ทาง (taang, “road; way”)

→ Thai: ถัง (tǎng, “Tang (dynasty)”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡl'aːŋ): phonetic 庚 (OC *kraːŋ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – to exaggerate, to boast. 唐 and 庚 were near-homophones in Old Chinese.
Either related to 途 (OC *l'aː) (Wang, 1982) or from Austroasiatic, compare Proto-Austroasiatic *glɔːŋ, whence Mon ဂၠံၚ်, Kensiu gəlɔŋ, Kuy khlù:aŋ (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

唐人


娥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ)

Han compound

(Chinese mythology) Short for 娥皇 (Éhuáng, “Ehuang”).

(Chinese mythology) Short for 嫦娥 (Cháng'é, “Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon”).


宋

→ English: Song, Sung, Soong

Characters in the same phonetic series (宋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Han etyl

(～朝) Song dynasty of China (960–1279), reigning from the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the beginning of the Yuan


夏

→ English: Hsia, Xia

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Shuowen
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

Characters in the same phonetic series (夏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 日 (“sun”) + 頁 (“head; man”) – man under the scorching sun; summer.
Various variants were seen in the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn period. 止 (“foot”) was often added to the bottom of the man. Additionally, in the form shown above, the 日 was removed and 𦥑 (“two hands”) was added. The seal script inherits its form from this form, with 止 replaced with the related 夊.
Various forms were also seen from the Warring States period. The bamboo and silk script above shows a common form: 日 + 止 + 頁. The “ancient script” (古文) from Shuowen (labelled as the large seal script) has deviated significantly, with 止 becoming the related 足. The top part may be a corruption of 頁.
The current form is simplified from the seal script, with the removal of 𦥑 and the legs from 頁. Unrelated to 复.
; “great; Xia Dynasty; China; Chinese”
; “magnificent colours; variegated”

Han compound

昰
夓
𠀼
𠌘
𠍺
𡔰
𡕭
𡕻
𡕾
𡖃
𣋗
𤴞
𧈄
𩖳


宮

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明

/mi₁ya/ → /miya/
From Old Japanese. A compound of 神 or 御 (mi, “spiritual honorific”) + 屋 (ya, “house”).

compound

Miya. ミヤ (宮) 神 (Camis)の社.

(Shinto) the place where a god resides: a shrine


康

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 庚 (“threshing tools”) + 米 (“rice”) – chaff. Unrelated to 隶, in which the bottom part is a reference to a tail (毛).
The derivative 糠 refers to the original word.
; quiet, calm, peaceful
; Kham
; "to look, to see"

Han compound

(Chinese mythology) Tai Kang (third king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)

(Chinese mythology) Zhong Kang (fourth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)

(Chinese mythology) Shao Kang (sixth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


幣

(Shinto) paper or cloth offered on skewers before a shrine (see also 幣(へい) (hei))


幣

(Shinto) a staff with cut paper streamers, offered to the gods


幣

(Shinto, historical) material, non-comestible offerings to the gods, often textiles


尊

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) + 事 (koto, “thing, matter”).

高皇産霊尊

高皇産霊 たかみむすひの

(Shinto) indicates respect and reverence, such as to the 神 (kami, “Shinto deity”) or the 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor of Japan”): Highness


扃

/t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ²¹⁴/

(Chinese mythology) Jiong of Xia (twelfth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


想

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (想):
* → Vietnamese: tưởng (想)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaŋʔ): phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart, mind”) – to think, to consider. The phonetic component has a reference as well to the act of thinking, hence "visualizing" in one's own mind.
From 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs, “to observe; appearance”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

少年袂曉想，食老毋成樣／少年袂晓想，食老毋成样

siàu-liân bē-hiáu siūⁿ, chia̍h-lāu m̄-chiâⁿ-iūⁿ


巴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (巴):
* → Japanese: 巴(は) (Ha)
* → Korean: 파(巴) (Pa)
* → Vietnamese: Ba (巴)

Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake. However, in 邑 and 色 (both Kangxi radicals) it represents a person kneeling.
; "huge snake"
; "bar"

(ancient Chinese mythology) a huge snake that could swallow an elephant


弓

Bow (music)
Bow and arrow
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Yumi
ja:弓 (楽器)
ja:弓 (武器)

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), with a phonetic spelling of 由美 ⟨yumi₁⟩, */yumʲi/. A surface analysis suggests a combination of Old Japanese 弓 (yu, “bow”) + suffixing element mi, phonologically distinct from Old Japanese 身 (mi₂ /*mɨ/, “body”) but otherwise of uncertain derivation.

梓弓

a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa

破魔弓

a traditional Shintō ceremonial bow for dispel evil

鏃 (yajiri): arrowhead; 簳 (yagara): arrow-shaft; 羽 (hane): arrow-fletching

仗, 杖: yumi stave; 弦: yumi bowstring; 矢: an arrow; 靫): a quiver; 胸当て: kyudo plastron/chestguard; 弽: kyudo glove; 弩

(Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil


杼

(Chinese mythology) Zhu of Xia (seventh king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


晉

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
I Ching
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 臸 (“to arrive”) + 日 (“sun”)
The I Ching relates it to 進／进 (jìn)https://ctext.org/book-of-changes/jin, whose etymology is unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

晋
㬜
𣈆
𫞄
𣋤
𣌇
𣋧
㬐
𡥨
𦗎

The Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu. Jin armies were stationed at Hanling; Qin armies at Fannan.

Jìn hóu, Qín bó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě. Jìn jūn Hánlíng, Qín jūn Fánnán.

晉侯、秦伯圍鄭，以其無禮於晉，且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵，秦軍氾南。

晋侯、秦伯围郑，以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也。晋军函陵，秦军氾南。

(～國) Chinese feudal state of Jin (11th century BCE–376 BCE), a state of the Zhou Dynasty in northern China


斎

From Old Japanese.
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 斎く (itsuku, “to worship”).

破夜歩佐波阿梅珥能朋利等弭箇既梨伊莵岐餓宇倍能娑奘岐等羅佐泥

阿梅珥能朋利 あめにのぼり

娑奘岐等羅佐泥 さざきとらさね

hayabusa wa ame ni nobori tobikakeri itsuki ga ue no sazaki torasane

(Shinto) Short for 斎皇女 (itsuki no miko):


斎

From Old Japanese. Possibly a doublet of 斎 (yu) below.

(Shinto) added to spiritual nouns to indicate purity and holiness: holy, pure, sacred


斎

From Old Japanese. Possibly a doublet of 斎 (i) above.


政

政 (canonical)
matsurigoto (romanization)

政を為すは猶沐するが如し

matsurigoto o nasu wa nao moku suru ga gotoshi

Possibly from Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 祭り (matsuri, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 祭る (matsuru), “to enshrine, worship”) + 事 (koto, “matter, thing”). The koto changes to goto as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

太政官

太政 おおいまつりごとの

(especially in Shinto) a festival, ritual


榊

榊 (canonical)
榊 (canonical)
sakaki (romanization)

Extended shinjitai
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
The Tale of Genji

The initial saka is cognate with verb 栄える (sakaeru, “to prosper, thrive”), while the final ki is definitely 木 (ki, “tree”).

賢木

Sakaki, tenth chapter of The Tale of Genji

a tree of species Cleyera japonica, considered sacred in Shinto

any evergreen tree planted within precincts of a Shinto shrine


槐

(Chinese mythology) Huai of Xia (eighth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


梵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bloms, *bum): semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) – lush. Originally a variant form of 芃 (OC *boːŋ, *bum).
As a word for transcribing Indic languages, the reading 梵 (MC bjomH) probably derives from Gandhari and transcribes the syllables such as bram̄(a), bra(m)m-, etc. (Bailey, 1946) in words like 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨸 (bram̄a, “Brahma”), 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa, “a brahmin”), and it appears in the classical Chinese lexicon in 梵天 (“Brahma, name of a deity”), 梵志 (“a person dedicated to religion”), 梵行 (“good, pure conduct”), etc. The sense for "Sanskrit" originally refers to its status as a religious language. In modern usage, it is also used to translate various terms in Hinduism, such as Brahman.

Han compound

(Hinduism) Brahman; the ultimate reality in the universe (concept in Hinduism)


殯

(Shinto) A funerary practice of enshrining the deceased in a casket at a special location during a period of mourning before a formal burial, specifically for royalty or nobility


梁

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (梁):
* → Korean: 양(梁) (Yang)
* → Vietnamese: Lương (梁)

→ Bouyei: Liangz, Liangf

desc

→ English: Liang, Leung, Leong, Neo, Leo

→ Zhuang: Liengz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 刅 (OC *sʰraŋ) + semantic 木 (“wood”) — a bridge.

Han compound

孟子見梁惠王。

孟子见梁惠王。

The State of Wei during the Warring States period, after moving its capital to Daliang


楓

From Old Japanese. Less common spelling for 桂 (katsura).

桂: (Chinese mythology) the kind of tree that grows on the moon


明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (明):
* → Japanese: 明(みょう) (myō); 明(めい) (mei); 明(みん) (Min)
* → Korean: 명(明) (Myeong)
* → Vietnamese: minh (明)

Characters in the same phonetic series (明) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun just rising and the moon not yet set – dawn (天明 (tiānmíng)). Alternatively, it may be interpreted as two bright celestial bodies – bright. This form was already found in the oracle bone script and was prevalent throughout the eras.
Three other forms were found in the oracle bone script:
* 朙 (míng) < 囧 (“window”) + 月 – the moon shining through a window – moonlight. This form was also prevalent in the ancient scripts and was considered to be the standard form in Shuowen. See this form's entry for its historical forms.
* 眀 (míng) < 目 (“eye”) + 月 – bright eyes. This form was rarely attested, so it is still uncertain whether this form is actually equivalent to 明. It reappeared in the bamboo script of the Qin dynasty, but this was probably a corruption of 朙 (míng).
* 𤰾 < 田 + 月 – probably a corruption of the above forms.
Of either Proto-Sino-Tibetan origin, compare
* Tibetan མདངས (mdangs, “facial color, appearance, brightness”) (Bodman, 1980), or
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brwaŋ (“loud; bright”) (STDET); making it cognate with Burmese ပြင်း (prang:, “acute; violent”), Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “to shine”).
Or from Austroasiatic, cognate with 亮 (OC *raŋs, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007). For more see 亮 (OC *raŋs).
盟 (OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs, “covenant”) is a derivative (Schuessler, 2007).


泄

(Chinese mythology) Xie of Xia (tenth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


殷

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): a pregnant woman (身, now written reversed as 㐆) next to a hand grabbing a hammer or mallet (now written 殳). However, in this character, the hand could be grabbing a needle for acupuncture.
The character is partly unclear, however the original meaning was either referred to pain and medical treatment and/or to "abundance, prosperity" in reference to the swollen abdomen.


ephebe

Via Latin ephēbus, from Ancient Greek ἔφηβος (éphēbos, “adolescent”), from ἐπί (epí, “early”) + ἥβη (hḗbē, “manhood”), late 19th c.

affix

(historical) An 18- to 20-year-old man in ancient Greece undergoing military training.


泥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːl, *niːls): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).
On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.

cog

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea


潘

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (潘):
* → Korean: 반(潘) (ban)
* → Vietnamese: Phan (潘)

→ English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua

→ Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)

→ Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).


河

Wutunhua: xhe

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːl): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
Originally particularly used for the Yellow River, with other rivers known as 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ). Later extended generally as a word for rivers in northern China but the influence of 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “Yangtze River; river in southern China”) has meant that modern usage tends to favor it for shorter rivers and creeks except in historical cases.
External etymology uncertain. Various hypotheses have been proposed:
* Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan རྒལ (rgal, “to cross, to traverse”) (Coblin, 1986).
* A Mongolic loan. Compare Proto-Mongolic *gowl (“river”) > Mongolian ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ɣool, “river”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). This was argued against in Zhang (1998).
* Derived from 湖 (OC *ɡaː, “lake”) (Matisoff, 1995).
* Takashima (2012), citing palaeographical and archaeological evidence, posits that the Yellow River's name stemmed from the shape, which resembles an adze handle 柯 (OC *kaːl), of a stretch spanning 500 to 600 kilometers "from Héjīn, Tóngguān to east of Zhèngzhōu".

cog

(obsolete, Chinese mythology) Hebo; the god of the Yellow River

Yellow River, Huang He
Hebo; the god of the Yellow River

(obsolete, Chinese mythology) Yellow River's Map; the plan of the Yellow River (mystic diagram said to have been supernaturally revealed)


犼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 犭 (“canine”) + phonetic 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ)


狴

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piː): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 坒 (OC *bis, *biɡ).

Han compound

(literary, Chinese mythology) legendary tiger-like beast whose image used to be painted on prison doors


猙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ, *zeŋʔ): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).

Han compound

Yǒushòuyān, qízhuàngrúchìbào, wǔwěiyījiǎo, qíyīnrújīshí, qímíngrúzhēng.

有獸焉，其狀如赤豹，五尾一角，其音如擊石，其名如猙。

有兽焉，其状如赤豹，五尾一角，其音如击石，其名如狰。

(literary, Chinese mythology) a red leopard-like creature with one horn


新

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (新):
* → Japanese: 新(しん) (shin)
* → Korean: 신(新) (sin)
* → Vietnamese: tân (新)

→ Thai: ซิง (sing)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siŋ): phonetic 亲 (OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new). In this character, 亲 is the stylized form of 𣓀, a chisel over a tree to indicate the hazelnut tree or the hazelnut branch, that could be used as a whip.
Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意). Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).
Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် (sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood; timber”).
This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ (“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).


猎

(Chinese mythology) a kind of bear-like animal


獏

獏 (canonical)
獏 (canonical)
baku (romanization)


次

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次く (suku, “to follow, to continue from something, to be next;”).
The verb form was obsolete even in olden times. Existence of the verb, possibly related to tsugu mentioned above, is inferred from placenames found in the Man'yōshū and other ancient poetry.

(Shinto) at the 大嘗祭 (Daijōsai) and other major Shintō ceremonies, refers to the group of regional representatives making offerings of sake and grain, who do so after the initial offering


清

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

→ English: Ching, Cing, Qing

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (“clear; pure; clean”); cognate with Tibetan གཙང (gtsang, “clean; pure”), Mizo thiang (“to be clear; to be clean; to be pure”), Southern Qiang ɕó, Drung cangma (“clean”), Burmese စင် (cang, “clean, pure”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Within Chinese, cognate with 淨 (OC *zeŋs, “clean”), 醒 (OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs, “to wake up; to become sober”), and allofamic with 星 (OC *sleːŋ, “star”), 晴 (OC *zleŋ, “(of weather) clear; fine”); possibly also related to 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps an areal word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caŋ (“to glitter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

och-l

(～朝) the Qing (Ching) dynasty (Manchu) (1644-1911)


會

/wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔi³²⁻³²⁵/

/wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔi³²⁻³²⁵/

Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形). The upper part and the lower part of the character, on the basis of the original versions, can be unified into 合 (two open mouths) with a food container in the middle; this character means both "bring together" (e.g., bring together people to discuss, putting a lid on a vessel) and "close, shut". The top of the character resembles 食, but it's connected to another mouth at the bottom of the character. The food container could be a kuài 膾, an ancient container for raw fish and finely minced/chopped meat.
As an alternative, it's a pointed lid on top of a container, with a mouth at the bottom either to indicate the activity of talking or as a distinguish mark to differentiate it from 食.
Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”).
However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001).

och-l

会
㑹
㞧
㣛
𠃐
𣌭
𣥈

(Taoism) epoch, a lunar or grand cycle of 10,800 years


灯

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).

(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha


祆

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰliːn): semantic 礻 + phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn, “heaven”).
Cognate with 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn).

Han compound

祆：胡神也。


禹

The Shuowen interprets the character as pictographic (象形) of an animal. The bronze-script character clearly shows the 虫 component.
;insect

(Chinese mythology) Yu the Great (the legendary king associated with a flood myth and the foundation of the Xia dynasty)


禊

→ English: misogi

From Old Japanese, though the original pronunciation of the initial miso is likely unknown.
The term itself is derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 禊ぐ (misogu, “to perform ablutions (on someone)”, archaic).
Some sources suggest that this might be derived further from a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”), or alternatively from 水 (mi, “water”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”). Considering that 身 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi₂⟩, while 水 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi₁⟩, the latter is a better potential match.

恋せじと御手洗川にせしみそぎ神はうけずぞなりにけらしも

koiseji to mitarashigawa ni seshi misogi kami ni ukezu zo narinikerashi mo

Longing [or “loving”] no more and purified by ritual ablution at the river of cleansing, the gods seemed to accept it not at the end.

(Shinto) a form of ritual purification performed with water; compare English ablution

風そよぐならの小川の夕暮れはみそぎぞ夏のしるしなりける

kaze soyogu Nara-no-ogawa no yūgure wa misogi zo natsu no shirushi narikeru

Rustling winds among the oak [leaves] at river Nara dusk-eventime; the lustration rites are but a sign ’tis still summertime.

(Shinto, particularly) a purification ritual held in shrines on the last day of the sixth lunar month


秦

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Shuowen
Shuowen Jiezi
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty
oracle bone script

→ English: Ch'in, Chin, Qin, Tsin

desctree

→? Sanskrit: चीन (cīna)
Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
→ Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
Classical Persian: چین (čīn)
Dari: چین (čīn)
Iranian Persian: چین (čin)
Tajik: Чин (Čin)
→ Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)
→ Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna), Θῖναι (Thînai), Σῖναι (Sînai), Τζίνιστα (Tzínista)
→ Latin: Sinae
→ Portuguese: China
→ Italian: Cina
→ Sardinian: Cina
→ English: China
→ Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)
→ Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)
→ Korean: 지나 (jina)
→ Vietnamese: Chi Na
→ Malay: Cina
Indonesian: Cina
→ Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
→ Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
→ Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). The most conservative variant is 𥢮. A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007).
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.

Han compound

晉侯、秦伯圍鄭，以其無禮於晉，且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵，秦軍氾南。

晋侯、秦伯围郑，以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也。晋军函陵，秦军氾南。

(～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China

Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces


相

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.
An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

och-l

(Chinese mythology) Xiang of Xia (fifth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


芒

(Chinese mythology) Mang of Xia (ninth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


蛟

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw): semantic 虫 (“creature”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).
Possibly connected with Burmese ခြူး (hkru:, “a type of beast”) and Tibetan ཀླུ (klu, “serpent, naga”) (Schuessler, 2007). However, Schuessler (2007) notices phonological differences between Old Chinese and Written Tibetan.

Han compound

(～龍) (Chinese mythology) mythical flood dragon


蜮

(Chinese mythology) a small three-legged turtle-like creature that lives in water and spits sand at humans, often forcefully enough to kill them.


螭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰel): semantic 虫 (“creature”) + phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *n-d-raj (“demon; evil spirit; ghost”).

inh

(Chinese mythology) legendary hornless dragon (often used as a decorative motif in ancient times)


蛻

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free, release, slip, dislocate”) (STEDT).

(Taoism, Buddhism) to die; to ascend; to depart for one's next life


dev

From Armenian դեւ (dew). Doublet of daeva.

(Armenian mythology) A monster, dragon, serpent, or giant.

(Armenian mythology) An immortal spirit who inhabits old ruins.


虺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋuːl, *hŋruːl, *hŋlulʔ): phonetic 兀 (OC *ŋuːd) + semantic 虫.
; “venomous snake”

Han compound

What dreams are lucky?
They have been about black bears and brown bears,
They have been about asps and adders.

Jí mèng wéi hé,
Wéi xióng wéi pí,
Wéi huǐ wéi shé.

吉夢維何、
維熊維羆、
維虺維蛇。

吉梦维何、
维熊维罴、
维虺维蛇。

1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society:

Dan will be a serpent on the trail, an adder in the path, that bites the horse’s heels, so that his rider falls backward. [World English Bible]

Dàn bì zuò dào shang de shé, lù zhōng de huǐ, yǎoshāng mǎtí, shǐ qímǎ de zhuìluò yú hòu.

但必作道上的蛇、路中的虺、咬傷馬蹄、使騎馬的墜落於後。

但必作道上的蛇、路中的虺、咬伤马蹄、使骑马的坠落于后。

(Chinese mythology) a kind of venomous snake


若

Pictogram (象形) – a person combing their hair; obedient.
Later 口 was added and the original component came to be written 叒.
; “you; your”
; "like this; such; if"
; "that"

Then He Bo began to turn his face round, looked across the expanse, as if he were confronting Ruo, and sighed.

Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Yúshì yān Hé Bó shǐ xuán qí miànmù, wàng yáng xiàng Ruò ér tàn.

於是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而歎。

于是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而叹。

I invite the Genius of River Xiang to play the se, and the oceanic Ruo to dance with Feng Yi of the Yellow River.

The Verses of Chu, 4ᵗʰ century BCE – 2ⁿᵈ century CE

Shǐ Xiāng líng gǔ sè xī, lìng hǎi Ruò wǔ Féng Yí.

使湘靈鼓瑟兮，令海若舞馮夷。

使湘灵鼓瑟兮，令海若舞冯夷。

(Chinese mythology) Ruo, mythological divine being of the northern seas


蜚

(Chinese mythology) name of mythical beast


蜀

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Shuowen Jiezi
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

Shuowen Jiezi interprets this as a pictograph of a silkworm: with 目 (mù, “eye”) depicting its head above its wriggling body; cf. 蠶叢／蚕丛 (“silkworm-thicket”), legendary inventor of silk and sericulture and ancestor of the first dynasty of the Shu kings.

In the eleventh month, the Duke met the princeling Yingqi of Chu in Shu.

Shíyǒuyī yuè, gōng huì chǔ gōngzǐ yīngqí yú shǔ.

十有一月，公會楚公子嬰齊于蜀。

十有一月，公会楚公子婴齐于蜀。

(～國) the name of a state in ancient China

(Wei) General-who-Calms-the-West Deng Ai soundly defeated Shu Grand General Jiang Wei at Shanggui

Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3ʳᵈ century CE

Ānxī jiāngjūn dèng ài dà pò shǔ dà jiāng jiāng wéi yú shàngguī.

安西將軍鄧艾大破蜀大將姜維於上邽。

安西将军邓艾大破蜀大将姜维于上邽。

another name for Shu Han, one of Three Kingdoms


藍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (藍):
* → Japanese: 藍(らん) (ran)
* → Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
* → Vietnamese: lam (藍)

desc

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)

White Hmong: nkaj

→ Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)

Thai: คราม (kraam)

Lao: ຄາມ (khām)

Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)

→ Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)

Thai: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)

Zhuang: romj, goromj

→? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)

Muong: chàm

Vietnamese: chàm

→ Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)

→ Zhuang: lamz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.
Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

cog

Burmese ခရမ်း (hka.ram:, “purple, violet”)

(HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government


襷

(archaic, Shinto) a shoulder-tied cord, to mark one's purification to serve the gods


襅

/tipaja/ → /t͡ɕifaja/ → /t͡ɕihaja/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Probably related to verb 千早ぶ (chihayabu, “to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power”), itself an alteration from 逸早ぶ (ichihayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”), deriving from adjective 逸早し (ichihayashi, “strong and fast; extremely fast”).

(Shinto) a ceremonial overcoat with unsewn sides, worn by shrine maidens for certain ceremonies such as kagura


誓

誓 (canonical)
ukei (romanization)
ukefi (romanization)
うけひ (hiragana historical)

アマテラスとスサノオの誓約

(archaic, Shinto, Japanese mythology) an "oath", a ritual in which whether something is true or false, right or wrong, good or evil, etc. is judged based on whether the stated outcome of an act comes true as expected


貅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰu): semantic 豸 + phonetic 休 (OC *qʰu).

Han compound

The pixiu: they look like tigers; some say they look like bears; their furs are colored ashen white. People in Liaodong call them white brown bears. The male is called pí, and the female xiū; that was why ancient people many times mentioned them together.

1917, 徐珂 (Xu Ke), 《清稗類鈔》 (Categorized anthology of petty matters from the Qing period).

Píxiū, xíng sì hǔ, huò yuē sì xióng, máo sè huībái. Liáodōng rén wèi zhī báipí. Xióngzhě yuē pí, cízhě yuē xiū, gù gǔrén duō lián jǔ zhī.

貔貅，形似虎，或曰似熊，毛色灰白。遼東人謂之白羆。雄者曰貔，雌者曰貅，故古人多連舉之。

貔貅，形似虎，或曰似熊，毛色灰白。辽东人谓之白罴。雄者曰貔，雌者曰貅，故古人多连举之。

(Chinese mythology) female panther-like feline; female counterpart of 貔 (pí)


能

Characters in the same phonetic series (能) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): bear. Compare 熊 (OC *ɢʷlɯm, “bear”). In the character, two paws are visible as a pair of 匕 and the face with the open mouth is stylized as 月.
; "bear-like animal"
; “be able to; can; ability”
: Possibly Proto-Sino-Tibetan (which STEDT tentatively reconstructs as *m-nyaŋ (“can, be able”)): compare Tibetan ནུས (nus, “to be able to; capable; to withstand; capacity; strength; force; power; function; energy”), Burmese နိုင် (nuing, “can, be able to, may; master; win; prevail”). Schuessler (2007) also derives 態 (OC *n̥ʰɯːs, “apparition, bearing, manner”) from this; see also 忍 (OC *njɯnʔ, “to suffer, endure”).
: Compare the old pre-Sino–Vietnamese loanword nổi (“be able to; capable”).

och-l

(Chinese mythology) A mythological bear-like animal, with deer-like legs.


觀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *koːns): phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 見 (“see”).
“To watch; to observe” (Pronunciation 1) > “watchtower; platform; temple” (Pronunciation 2).
Schuessler (2007) connects it with 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “target”) and 候 (OC *ɡoːs, “to watch; to be on the lookout for; to wait”).


PBS

Parti Bersatu Sabah
w:ms:Parti Bersatu Sabah

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Bersatu Sabah (“United Sabah Party”).


NPR

National Population Register
w:National Population Register

(Indian politics) Initialism of National Population Register.


遼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 尞 ().

Han compound

(～河, ～水) Liao (a river in Northeast China)


labyrinth

From Middle English laberynt, laberynthe, from Latin labyrinthus, from Ancient Greek λᾰβύρῐνθος (labúrinthos, “a maze”).

der

Mrs. Churchill liked the interminable labyrinths of the Cyrus and the Cassandra, because she had liked them in the days of her girlhood. Youth identifies itself with the romance; it is the heroic knight, or the lovely lady, of which it reads; it lives amid those fine creations; its sweetest hours are given to dreams which soon "Fade into the light of common day."

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 264–265:

(Greek mythology) A maze-like structure built by Daedalus in Knossos, containing the Minotaur.

A complicated irregular network of passages or paths, especially underground or covered, in which it is difficult to find one's way.

(horticulture) A maze formed by paths separated by high hedges.

A structure similar to a maze, but containing only one path with no branches, as distinguished from a maze which contains multiple branching paths

Whitney is absorbed especially by Dublin's unglamorous interstitial zones: the new housing estates and labyrinths of roads, watercourses and railways where the city peters into its commuter belt.

2014 August 23, Neil Hegarty, “Hidden City: Adventures and Explorations in Dublin by Karl Whitney, review: 'a necessary corrective' [print version: Re-Joycing in Dublin, p. R25]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review):

(by extension) Anything complicated and confusing in structure, arrangement, or character.


SM

(science fiction) Initialism of space marine.


SM

Pokémon Sun and Moon
w:Pokémon Sun and Moon

(fandom slang) Initialism of Pokémon Sun and Moon.


chaos

chaos (nominative singular)
chaosu (genitive singular)
chaosowi (dative singular)
chaos (accusative singular)
chaosem (instrumental singular)
chaosie (locative singular)
chaosie (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) chaos (unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony)