head

en-noun

head (countable and uncountable, plural heads or head)

heads (plural)
head (plural)
heed (alternative)
hed (alternative)
'ead (alternative)

→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)

Sranan Tongo: ede

Aukan: ede

Saramaccan: hédi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kap-
Proto-Indo-European *káput-
Proto-Germanic *haubudą
Old English hēafod
Middle English heed
English head
From Middle English hed, heed, heved, heaved, from Old English hēafd-, hēafod (“head; top; source, origin; chief, leader; capital”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput. The modern word comes from Old English oblique stem hēafd-, the expected Modern English outcome for hēafod would be *heaved (similar to the Middle English word). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, chef, chief, and Howth.
Cognate with Scots heid, hede, hevid, heved (“head”), Old English hafola (“head”), North Frisian hood (“head”), Dutch hoofd (“head”), German Haupt (“head”), Swedish huvud (“head”), Danish hoved (“head”), Icelandic höfuð (“head”), Latin caput (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), Hindi कपाल (kapāl, “skull”).

頭

つぶり, tsuburi, つぃぶる, tsiburu, つぃぶるぃ, tsiburi

pää

principal operative part of a machine or tool

have one's head screwed on the right way

know one's head from a hole in the ground

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

would lose one's head if it wasn't bolted on

would lose one's head if it wasn't glued on

would lose one's head if it wasn't screwed on

would lose one's head if it wasn't stuck on

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

would lose one's head if it weren't attached

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

you can't put a wise head on young shoulders

(jazz) The principal melody or theme of a piece.


bit

bit (nominative singular)
bitu (genitive singular)
bitowi (dative singular)
bit (accusative singular)
bitem (instrumental singular)
bicie (locative singular)
bicie (singular vocative)
beat (alternative)

polski bit

big beat (form of pop music having distorted breakbeats at a moderate tempo)


country

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from country music.


country

Unadapted borrowing from English country. The pronunciation reflects the incorrect belief that the ⟨oun⟩ represents /aʊn/ in the English etymon.


country

country (indefinite nominative singular)
countrys (genitive indefinite singular)
countryn (definite nominative singular)
countryns (definite genitive singular)

Borrowed from English country. First attested in 1965.

Howdy, cowboy! Visa nu, vad har du på din mack? Jag behöver fylla skafferiet på min truck [English]. Tuggummi, så klart, snus och chips, en låda dryck, skulle jag bli glad om jag fick. Jag drar min långtradarsång, min lastbilskörarsång, för jag har sån smak för bilar med flak. Jag drar min truckdriving song [English], tjugofyra meter lång, och jag tackar Gud för countryns alla ljud. Och om låten blir för tråkig, ja, då jag tar jag det kallt. Ja, då byter jag tonart och höjer ett halvt. Ja, jag höjer ett halvt.

1986, Claes Eriksson (lyrics and music), “Truckdriving song”, in Macken [The gas station], performed by Per Fritzell:

Howdy, cowboy! Show me now, what do you have at your gas station? I need to fill the pantry in my truck [English]. Chewing gum, of course, snus and chips [in the US sense], a case of drink, I would be happy if I got. I do [pull] my big rig song, my truck driving song, because I have such taste for cars with a flatbed [platform]. I do my truckdriving song [English], twenty-four meters long, and I thank God for all the sounds of country music ("for the country music's all sounds"). And if the song gets too boring, yes, then I stay cool [take it cool]. Yes, then I change the key and raise by a half [step]. Yes, I raise by a half [step].


time

en-noun

time (countable and uncountable, plural times)

Sranan Tongo: ten

→ Punjabi: ṭāim, ṭaim, ṭāīm

Gurmukhi script: ਟਾਇਮ, ਟੈਮ, ਟਾਈਮ

Shahmukhi script: ٹائم, ٹیم, ٹائیم

From Middle English tyme, time, from Old English tīma (“time, period, space of time, season, lifetime, fixed time, favorable time, opportunity”), from Proto-West Germanic *tīmō, from Proto-Germanic *tīmô (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂imō, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to divide”). Related to tide. Not related directly to Latin tempus.
Cognates
*Scots tym, tyme (“time”)
*Alemannic German Zimen, Zīmmän (“time, time of the year, opportune time, opportunity”)
*Danish time (“hour, lesson”)
*Swedish timme (“hour”)
*Norwegian time (“lesson, hour”)
*Faroese tími (“hour, lesson, time”)
*Icelandic tími (“time, season”).

عَصْر

extended period of time, defined or undefined: age, era, etc.

at church every time the doors swing open

desperate times call for desperate measures

desperate times require desperate measures

serial time-encoded amplified microscopy

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and a place for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

time spent laughing is time spent with the gods

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 106. Time

After the introduction, the drummer is to play time.

(music, uncountable) The measured duration of sounds.

(jazz) (uncountable) A straight rhythmic pattern, free from fills, breaks and other embellishments.


industrial

industrial (nominative singular)
industrialu (genitive singular)
industrialowi (dative singular)
industrial (accusative singular)
industrialem (instrumental singular)
industrialu (locative singular)
industrialu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English industrial.

ubor

industrial music (noisy, experimental genre of music with transgressive themes)


son

From Spanish son (literally “tone, sound”).

When son first emerged in the streets of Havana, in the early twentieth century, it was shut down by the police, as were most forms of African culture. Son groups, conjuntos, caught playing on the street, as was the tradition, had their instruments confiscated.

2017, Mark Kurlansky, Havana: A Subtropical Delirium, Bloomsbury, →ISBN:

(music) Son cubano, a genre of music and dance blending Spanish and African elements that originated in Cuba during the late 19th century.


coral

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin chorālis. By surface analysis, coro + -al.


salsa

en-noun

salsa (countable and uncountable, plural salsas)

→ Mongolian: салса (salsa)

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
Borrowed from Spanish salsa (“sauce”), from Latin salsus (“salted”), whence also the doublet sauce (via Old French).

(uncountable, music) A style of urban music originally from New York heavily influenced by Cuban dance music, jazz and rock.


salsa

(music, dance genre) salsa (a music and dance genre influenced by Cuban music, jazz and rock)


dub

dub (countable and uncountable, plural dubs)

But I think my bass playing is definitely dub-influenced.

2019 January 18, Jamie Dickson, “Khruangbin: “We’re not intending to create war with our music… It’s the absence of that aggression that a lot of rock bands have””, in Music Radar:

Dyl’s polyrhythmic grooves on The Subsurface Project fuse dub techno and drum & bass, mixing modular sounds with hints of warm, jittery jungle.

2020 July 20, Arun Chakal, “The Worked-Up Sound of Drum & Bass in Russia and Eastern Europe”, in Bandcamp Daily:

It reminded me of that classic Full Cycle vibe of jazzy soulful sounds blending with dub bass and fx.

2020 August 3, Kane, “The Extended Cut: Zero T - Former Self EP [The North Quarter]”, in Magnetic Magazine:

(music, uncountable) A trend in music starting in 2009, in which bass distortion is synced off timing to electronic dance music.


beat

beat (nominative singular)
beatit (nominative plural)
beat (accusative nominative singular)
beatit (accusative nominative plural)
beatin (accusative genitive singular)
beatit (accusative genitive plural)
beatin (genitive singular)
beatien (genitive plural)
beatiä (partitive singular)
beatejä (partitive plural)
beatissä (inessive singular)
beateissä (inessive plural)
beatistä (elative singular)
beateistä (elative plural)
beatiin (illative singular)
beateihin (illative plural)
beatillä (adessive singular)
beateillä (adessive plural)
beatiltä (ablative singular)
beateiltä (ablative plural)
beatille (allative singular)
beateille (allative plural)
beatinä (essive singular)
beateinä (essive plural)
beatiksi (singular translative)
beateiksi (plural translative)
beatittä (abessive singular)
beateittä (abessive plural)
beatein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
beatini (nominative singular)
beatini (nominative plural)
beatini (accusative nominative singular)
beatini (accusative nominative plural)
beatini (accusative genitive singular)
beatini (accusative genitive plural)
beatini (genitive singular)
beatieni (genitive plural)
beatiäni (partitive singular)
beatejäni (partitive plural)
beatissäni (inessive singular)
beateissäni (inessive plural)
beatistäni (elative singular)
beateistäni (elative plural)
beatiini (illative singular)
beateihini (illative plural)
beatilläni (adessive singular)
beateilläni (adessive plural)
beatiltäni (ablative singular)
beateiltäni (ablative plural)
beatilleni (allative singular)
beateilleni (allative plural)
beatinäni (essive singular)
beateinäni (essive plural)
beatikseni (singular translative)
beateikseni (plural translative)
beatittäni (abessive singular)
beateittäni (abessive plural)
beateineni (comitative plural)
beatisi (nominative singular)
beatisi (nominative plural)
beatisi (accusative nominative singular)
beatisi (accusative nominative plural)
beatisi (accusative genitive singular)
beatisi (accusative genitive plural)
beatisi (genitive singular)
beatiesi (genitive plural)
beatiäsi (partitive singular)
beatejäsi (partitive plural)
beatissäsi (inessive singular)
beateissäsi (inessive plural)
beatistäsi (elative singular)
beateistäsi (elative plural)
beatiisi (illative singular)
beateihisi (illative plural)
beatilläsi (adessive singular)
beateilläsi (adessive plural)
beatiltäsi (ablative singular)
beateiltäsi (ablative plural)
beatillesi (allative singular)
beateillesi (allative plural)
beatinäsi (essive singular)
beateinäsi (essive plural)
beatiksesi (singular translative)
beateiksesi (plural translative)
beatittäsi (abessive singular)
beateittäsi (abessive plural)
beateinesi (comitative plural)
beatimme (nominative singular)
beatimme (nominative plural)
beatimme (accusative nominative singular)
beatimme (accusative nominative plural)
beatimme (accusative genitive singular)
beatimme (accusative genitive plural)
beatimme (genitive singular)
beatiemme (genitive plural)
beatiämme (partitive singular)
beatejämme (partitive plural)
beatissämme (inessive singular)
beateissämme (inessive plural)
beatistämme (elative singular)
beateistämme (elative plural)
beatiimme (illative singular)
beateihimme (illative plural)
beatillämme (adessive singular)
beateillämme (adessive plural)
beatiltämme (ablative singular)
beateiltämme (ablative plural)
beatillemme (allative singular)
beateillemme (allative plural)
beatinämme (essive singular)
beateinämme (essive plural)
beatiksemme (singular translative)
beateiksemme (plural translative)
beatittämme (abessive singular)
beateittämme (abessive plural)
beateinemme (comitative plural)
beatinne (nominative singular)
beatinne (nominative plural)
beatinne (accusative nominative singular)
beatinne (accusative nominative plural)
beatinne (accusative genitive singular)
beatinne (accusative genitive plural)
beatinne (genitive singular)
beatienne (genitive plural)
beatiänne (partitive singular)
beatejänne (partitive plural)
beatissänne (inessive singular)
beateissänne (inessive plural)
beatistänne (elative singular)
beateistänne (elative plural)
beatiinne (illative singular)
beateihinne (illative plural)
beatillänne (adessive singular)
beateillänne (adessive plural)
beatiltänne (ablative singular)
beateiltänne (ablative plural)
beatillenne (allative singular)
beateillenne (allative plural)
beatinänne (essive singular)
beateinänne (essive plural)
beatiksenne (singular translative)
beateiksenne (plural translative)
beatittänne (abessive singular)
beateittänne (abessive plural)
beateinenne (comitative plural)
beatinsä (nominative singular)
beatinsä (nominative plural)
beatinsä (accusative nominative singular)
beatinsä (accusative nominative plural)
beatinsä (accusative genitive singular)
beatinsä (accusative genitive plural)
beatinsä (genitive singular)
beatiensä (genitive plural)
beatiään (partitive singular)
beatiänsä (partitive singular)
beatejään (partitive plural)
beatejänsä (partitive plural)
beatissään (inessive singular)
beatissänsä (inessive singular)
beateissään (inessive plural)
beateissänsä (inessive plural)
beatistään (elative singular)
beatistänsä (elative singular)
beateistään (elative plural)
beateistänsä (elative plural)
beatiinsä (illative singular)
beateihinsä (illative plural)
beatillään (adessive singular)
beatillänsä (adessive singular)
beateillään (adessive plural)
beateillänsä (adessive plural)
beatiltään (ablative singular)
beatiltänsä (ablative singular)
beateiltään (ablative plural)
beateiltänsä (ablative plural)
beatilleen (allative singular)
beatillensä (allative singular)
beateilleen (allative plural)
beateillensä (allative plural)
beatinään (essive singular)
beatinänsä (essive singular)
beateinään (essive plural)
beateinänsä (essive plural)
beatikseen (singular translative)
beatiksensä (singular translative)
beateikseen (plural translative)
beateiksensä (plural translative)
beatittään (abessive singular)
beatittänsä (abessive singular)
beateittään (abessive plural)
beateittänsä (abessive plural)
beateineen (comitative plural)
beateinensä (comitative plural)


grind

en-verb

grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded)

grinds (present singular third-person)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
ground (past)
grinded (participle past)
grinded (past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (infinitive)

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”

2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139:

(transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.


grind

en-noun

grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)

This bag contains espresso grind.

A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.

jauhatus

a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans

(uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”).


ride

From Middle English riden, from Old English rīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreydʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-.
Cognates
From Proto-Germanic: North Frisian ride (“to ride”), Saterland Frisian riede (“to ride”), West Frisian ride (“to ride”), Low German rieden (“to ride”), Dutch rijden (“to ride”), German reiten (“to ride”), Danish ride (“to ride”), Swedish rida (“to ride”).
From Indo-European: Welsh rhwyddhau (“to hurry”).


stick

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

Arsene, boy, ain't you worried about your clarinet? Where'd you leave that stick, man?

1948, Frederic Ramsey, Jr., “Deep Sea Rider”, in Charles Harvey, editor, Jazz Parody: Anthology of Jazz Fiction:

A tool, control, or instrument shaped somewhat like a stick.


stride

en-noun

stride (countable and uncountable, plural strides)

From Middle English stride, stryde, from Old English stride (“a stride, pace”), from the verb (see above). Doublet of strid.

(uncountable, music) A jazz piano style of the 1920s and 1930s. The left hand characteristically plays a four-beat pulse with a single bass note, octave, seventh or tenth interval on the first and third beats, and a chord on the second and fourth beats.


swing

en-verb

swing (third-person singular simple present swings, present participle swinging, simple past swung or (archaic or dialectal) swang, past participle swung or (archaic) swungen)

swings (present singular third-person)
swinging (participle present)
swung (past)
swang (archaic dialectal past)
swung (participle past)
swungen (archaic participle past)

From Middle English swyngen, from Old English swingan, from Proto-West Germanic *swingan, from Proto-Germanic *swinganą (compare Low German swingen, German schwingen, Dutch zwingen, Swedish svinga), from Proto-Indo-European *swenk-, *sweng- (compare Scottish Gaelic seang (“thin”)). Related to swink.

lyödä kierre

cricket: to make the ball move sideways in its trajectory

(transitive, music) To play notes that are in pairs by making the first of the pair slightly longer than written (augmentation) and the second shorter, resulting in a bouncy, uneven rhythm.

svengata

music: to produce a bouncy, uneven rhythm


swing

en-noun

swing (countable and uncountable, plural swings)

what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts

It makes no diff'rence / if it's sweet or hot. / Just give that rhythm / ev'rything you've got! / It don't mean a thing / if it ain't got that swing.

1931, “It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)”, Irving Mills (lyrics), Duke Ellington (music), performed by Ivie Anderson with Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra, Brunswick, catalog number 6265:

(music) The genre of music associated with this dance style.

In a musical theater production, a performer who understudies several roles.


cook

en-verb

cook (third-person singular simple present cooks, present participle cooking, simple past and past participle cooked)

cooks (present singular third-person)
cooking (participle present)
cooked (participle past)
cooked (past)
cook (infinitive)

→? Cantonese: 焗 (guk⁶)

→ Norman: coutchi

From Middle English coken, from the noun cook. In the slang sense of "proceed with some plan", coined by American rapper from California Lil B in 2010 and popularized in viral tweets and TikToks in mid-2022.

coinage

Audio (UK) "to cook"

some speakers from Northern England and Ireland

cuck (most accents without the foot-strut split)

there's more than one way to cook an egg

Watch this band: they cook!

Crank up the Coltrane and start cooking!

This album is called Cookin’ at Miles’ request. He said, “After all, that’s what we did – came in and cooked.”

1957, Miles Davis quoted by Ira Gitler, liner notes to Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet, Prestige LP 7094

(intransitive, jazz, slang) To play or improvise in an inspired and rhythmically exciting way. (From 1930s jive talk.)


house

→ Belarusian: гаўс (haŭs)

→ Bulgarian: хаус (haus)

→ Catalan: house

→⇒ Chinese: 浩室音樂 /浩室音乐 (hàoshì yīnyuè)

→ Czech: house

→ Danish: house

→ Dutch: house

→ Esperanto: haŭzo

→ Estonian: house

→ Finnish: house

→ French: house

→ Galician: house

→ Georgian: ჰაუსი (hausi)

→ German: House

→ Greek: χάουζ (cháouz)

→ Hungarian: house

→ Icelandic: house

→ Indonesian: house

→ Italian: house

→ Japanese: ハウス (hausu)

→ Korean: 하우스 (hauseu)

→ Latvian: hauss

→ Lithuanian: house

→ Lombard: house

→ Norwegian Bokmål: house

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: house

→ Occitan: house

→ Polish: house

→ Portuguese: house

→ Quechua: house

→ Romanian: house

→ Russian: ха́ус (xáus)

→ Serbo-Croatian: хауз, house

→ Slovak: house

→ Slovene: house

→ Spanish: house

→ Swedish: house

→ Turkish: house

→ Ukrainian: хауз (xauz)

→ Welsh: House

→ West Frisian: house

Probably from The Warehouse, a nightclub in Chicago, Illinois, USA, where the music became popular around 1985.

[…] their music is influenced as much by Roxy Music and the Ramones as it is by house and techno pioneers.

1998, Colin Larkin, The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music, London: Virgin Books, →ISBN, page 73:

And while hard, minimal techno has become increasingly influenced by house and Oval-esque "glitch" stylistics, Exos keeps it old school on Strength, infusing his own style with the force of hard techno purists Surgeon and Oliver Ho.

2001 March, Philip Sherburne, “Exos, Strength [album review]”, in CMJ New Music Monthly, number 91, Great Neck, N.Y.: College Media, →ISSN, page 66:

The first genre of American dance music to become popular in the United Kingdom was Chicago house. Although music from Detroit was soon imported as well, it was often treated as subcategory of house, and for many years the most common English term for electronic dance music in general was "house" or "acid house". […] During the formative years of techno and house, the musicians involved interacted in various ways.

2006, Mark Jonathan Butler, Unlocking the Groove: Rhythm, Meter, and Musical Design in Electronic Dance Music, Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 45:


house

house (nominative singular)
house'u (genitive singular)
house'owi (dative singular)
house (accusative singular)
house'em (instrumental singular)
housie (locative singular)
housie (singular vocative)

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from house music.


metal

Borrowed from English metal. Doublet of metall.


metal

metal (nominative singular)
metale (nominative plural)
metala (genitive singular)
metali (genitive plural)
metalowi (dative singular)
metalom (dative plural)
metala (accusative singular)
metali (accusative plural)
metalem (instrumental singular)
metalami (instrumental plural)
metalu (locative singular)
metalach (locative plural)
metalu (singular vocative)
metale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English metal, French métal, German Metall, ultimately from Latin metallum, from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from English metal.

sl

(music, slang) metalhead, metaller, metallist (one who listens to heavy metal music)


drill

From Middle Dutch drillen (“bore, move in a circle”).

der

Though the young women of Chicago’s drill scene can be as rowdy as their male counterparts, they’re also more diverse in subject matter and point to a possible way forward.

2012 October 4, Jon Caramanica, “Chicago Hip-Hop’s Raw Burst of Change”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

New York City mayor Eric Adams held a summit with a group of drill rappers on Tuesday night and clarified he doesn’t actually want to ban their music, days after he appeared to blame the music scene for the recent shooting deaths of two young New York rappers and suggested drill videos be pulled from the internet.

2022 February 18, Wilfred Chan, “Eric Adams meets with the drill rappers whose music he said he wanted to ban”, in The Guardian:

Between ticky off-kilter rhythms and otherworldly digital voice processing, the experimental hip-hop genres trap and drill have delivered radical hymns from alien planets.

2022, W. David Marx, chapter 10, in Status and Culture, Viking, →ISBN:

(uncountable, music) A style of trap music with gritty, violent lyrics, originating on the South Side of Chicago.


倈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ).

Han compound

(opera, in Chinese opera 雜劇／杂剧 (zájù)) the role of a child or an errand boy

(opera, in Chinese opera 雜劇／杂剧 (zájù)) Used as a filler word or sentence-ending particle.


drag

en-noun

drag (countable and uncountable, plural drags)

From Middle English draggen (“to drag”), early Middle English dragen (“to draw, carry”), confluence of Old English dragan (“to drag, draw, draw oneself, go, protract”) and Old Norse draga (“to draw, attract”); both from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, drag”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Verb sense influenced due to association with the noun drag (“that which is hauled or dragged”), related to Low German dragge (“a drag-anchor, grapnel”). Cognate with Danish drægge (“to dredge”), Danish drage (“to draw, attract”), Swedish dragga (“to drag, drag anchor, sweep”), Swedish draga (“to draw, go”), Icelandic draga (“to drag, pull”). Doublet of draw.

cog

“Our music is not like some other types where the energy is back and forth – music considered drag is like giving up oneself, to be pulled and controlled,” she says.

2010 March 8, Scott Wright, quoting Heather Marlatt, “Scene and heard: Drag”, in The Guardian:

Whatever the appellation, these artists are doing some amazing stuff. Haunted house and drag are probably the most apposite terms because the music sounds like ghostly apparitions of old dance tunes, only at half-speed.

2010 September 29, Paul Lester, “New band of the day - No 877: oOoOO”, in The Guardian:

They call this music drag because it's like dance music dragged down by the ponderous weight of existence (there's a Balam Acab track called Heavy Living Things); they call it witch house because it haunts you long after you stop listening.

2010 December 2, Paul Lester, “New band of the day – No 922: Balam Acab”, in The Guardian:

In your own words, what is drag or witch house music?

2011 January 24, David Wicik, “Exorcising the Ghost: oOoOO breaks down the buzz about “drag””, in Newcity:


打

desc

→ Korean: 치다 (chida, “to call (on the telephone)”) (semantic loan)

→ Zhuang: daj

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
This post-classical word (its earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen) was pronounced *teŋ in Late Old Chinese, as would be expected from a 丁 phonetic. By the early Ming period, the character had been borrowed (訓讀／训读) for another word (撻) with the same meaning ("to flog, to beat") but a different pronunciation (whence Mandarin tà), without the nasal ending. This may be related to the previous reading, as a dialectal variant. In Mandarin and some other varieties, the new reading became standard; however, derivations of the older pronunciation are still used in other varieties such as Wu and Min Nan, as well as Vietnamese (đánh).
It has been compared to Mizo dêng (“to throw; to fling; to hammer”) and proposed to be from Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *dah ~ daʔ (“to hit, to meet”), whence Mon ဒး (tɛ̀h, “to hit (a mark), meet with, reach [goal], be correct, apposite, to fit”) and Khmer ទះ (tĕəh, “to slap, to strike”).
The pronunciation da is recorded in 六書故 as 都假切.

cog

to hit (a mark), meet with, reach 􂀿goal􂁀, be correct, apposite, to fit

(opera) A particle used between reduplicated syllables.


淨

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

Likely related to 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clean, pure”); see there for more.

净
浄
㵾
瀞
𩓞
凈
净


生

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 屮 (“bud”) + 一 (“ground”) – sprouting from the ground. A conservative version is 𤯓, which is unrelated to 㞷 (匩 > 匡) and 𡴀 > 丰.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with Burmese ရှင် (hrang, “to live; alive”), Mizo hring (“to bear; to bring forth; to give birth to; green”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ is derived from the root *sri (“to exist”) (whence possibly Chinese 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body; shape; form”)) + *-ŋ (terminative suffix).
Both level tone and falling tone readings are found in Middle Chinese, but the latter has since been lost and is merged into the level-tone reading in modern dialects.
Related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ, “dark blue; deep green”).
Derivatives: 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature; character; personality; quality”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).
Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese is *sraeng, but it comes from an earlier *srjaeng, as seen in Wang Renxu's edition of the Qieyun.

och-l

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


call

en-verb

call (third-person singular simple present calls, present participle calling, simple past and past participle called or (archaic) call'd)

calls (present singular third-person)
calling (participle present)
called (participle past)
called (past)
call'd (archaic participle past)
call'd (archaic past)
call (infinitive)

→ Kashubian: kolowac (United States)

From Middle English callen, from Old English ċeallian (“to call, shout”) and Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”); both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”), from *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).
Cognates
* Scots call, caw, ca (“to call, cry, shout”)
* Dutch kallen (“to chat, talk”),
* German kallen (“to call”)
* Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)
* Norwegian kalle (“to call, name”)
* Danish kalde (“to call, name”)
* Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)
* Welsh galw (“to call, demand”)
* Polish głos (“voice”)
* Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”)
* Russian голос (golos, “voice”)
* Albanian gjuhë (“language, tongue”).

meegaan

to match or equal the amount of poker chips in the pot as the player that bet

call a spade a spade and a shovel a shovel

call someone everything but a child of God

desperate times call for desperate measures

is that what the kids are calling it these days

They called I Got Rhythm, and turned to me again for a solo, and I said what?

Jeff Castleman and Rufus Jones were in position when they went out, and he immediately called Satin Doll.

I thought he forgot all about it, but late in the set he called St. Louis Blues.

2015, Clyde E. B. Bernhardt, I Remember: Eighty Years of Black Entertainment, Big Bands, and the Blues, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 98:

(heading) To reach out with one's voice.

(transitive, jazz) To request that one's band play (a particular tune).


軸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel.

Han compound

(theater, opera) last item on a theatrical performance


twee

From a childish pronunciation of sweet. The Oxford English Dictionary records the first use in 1905 in Punch.

Even the wider world got its doses of twee sound, from the fluffy pop of Aztec Camera to the stylish bounce of the Railway Children.

2005 October 24, Nitsuh Abebe, “Twee as Fuck”, in Pitchfork:

Wang points out the very clear links between twee and queer culture, as many 90s twee bands “played alongside queercore bands like Team Dresch.[…]”

2022 January 25, katie tobin, quoting Ian Wang, “Clutch Your Pearls, the Indie Twee Aesthetic is Back”, in Vice:


pop

pop (nominative singular)
popowie (nominative plural)
popa (genitive singular)
popów (genitive plural)
popowi (dative singular)
popom (dative plural)
popa (accusative singular)
popów (accusative plural)
popem (instrumental singular)
popami (instrumental plural)
popie (locative singular)
popach (locative plural)
popie (singular vocative)
popowie (plural vocative)


rock

Shortened from rock and roll. Since the meaning of rock has adapted to mean a simpler, more modern, metal-like genre, rock and roll has generally been left referring to earlier forms such as that originating in the 1950s, notably more swing-oriented style.

(music) A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums, keyboards (often), and vocals.


rock

rock (nominative singular)
rocky (nominative plural)
rocku (genitive singular)
rocků (genitive plural)
rocku (dative singular)
rockům (dative plural)
rock (accusative singular)
rocky (accusative plural)
rocku (singular vocative)
rocky (plural vocative)
rocku (locative singular)
rocích (locative plural)
rockách (locative plural)
rockem (instrumental singular)
rocky (instrumental plural)


rock

Unadapted borrowing from English rock. Doublet of rots.


rock

rock (nominative singular)
rockit (nominative plural)
rock (accusative nominative singular)
rockit (accusative nominative plural)
rockin (accusative genitive singular)
rockit (accusative genitive plural)
rockin (genitive singular)
rockien (genitive plural)
rockia (partitive singular)
rockeja (partitive plural)
rockissa (inessive singular)
rockeissa (inessive plural)
rockista (elative singular)
rockeista (elative plural)
rockiin (illative singular)
rockeihin (illative plural)
rockilla (adessive singular)
rockeilla (adessive plural)
rockilta (ablative singular)
rockeilta (ablative plural)
rockille (allative singular)
rockeille (allative plural)
rockina (essive singular)
rockeina (essive plural)
rockiksi (singular translative)
rockeiksi (plural translative)
rockitta (abessive singular)
rockeitta (abessive plural)
rockein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
rockini (nominative singular)
rockini (nominative plural)
rockini (accusative nominative singular)
rockini (accusative nominative plural)
rockini (accusative genitive singular)
rockini (accusative genitive plural)
rockini (genitive singular)
rockieni (genitive plural)
rockiani (partitive singular)
rockejani (partitive plural)
rockissani (inessive singular)
rockeissani (inessive plural)
rockistani (elative singular)
rockeistani (elative plural)
rockiini (illative singular)
rockeihini (illative plural)
rockillani (adessive singular)
rockeillani (adessive plural)
rockiltani (ablative singular)
rockeiltani (ablative plural)
rockilleni (allative singular)
rockeilleni (allative plural)
rockinani (essive singular)
rockeinani (essive plural)
rockikseni (singular translative)
rockeikseni (plural translative)
rockittani (abessive singular)
rockeittani (abessive plural)
rockeineni (comitative plural)
rockisi (nominative singular)
rockisi (nominative plural)
rockisi (accusative nominative singular)
rockisi (accusative nominative plural)
rockisi (accusative genitive singular)
rockisi (accusative genitive plural)
rockisi (genitive singular)
rockiesi (genitive plural)
rockiasi (partitive singular)
rockejasi (partitive plural)
rockissasi (inessive singular)
rockeissasi (inessive plural)
rockistasi (elative singular)
rockeistasi (elative plural)
rockiisi (illative singular)
rockeihisi (illative plural)
rockillasi (adessive singular)
rockeillasi (adessive plural)
rockiltasi (ablative singular)
rockeiltasi (ablative plural)
rockillesi (allative singular)
rockeillesi (allative plural)
rockinasi (essive singular)
rockeinasi (essive plural)
rockiksesi (singular translative)
rockeiksesi (plural translative)
rockittasi (abessive singular)
rockeittasi (abessive plural)
rockeinesi (comitative plural)
rockimme (nominative singular)
rockimme (nominative plural)
rockimme (accusative nominative singular)
rockimme (accusative nominative plural)
rockimme (accusative genitive singular)
rockimme (accusative genitive plural)
rockimme (genitive singular)
rockiemme (genitive plural)
rockiamme (partitive singular)
rockejamme (partitive plural)
rockissamme (inessive singular)
rockeissamme (inessive plural)
rockistamme (elative singular)
rockeistamme (elative plural)
rockiimme (illative singular)
rockeihimme (illative plural)
rockillamme (adessive singular)
rockeillamme (adessive plural)
rockiltamme (ablative singular)
rockeiltamme (ablative plural)
rockillemme (allative singular)
rockeillemme (allative plural)
rockinamme (essive singular)
rockeinamme (essive plural)
rockiksemme (singular translative)
rockeiksemme (plural translative)
rockittamme (abessive singular)
rockeittamme (abessive plural)
rockeinemme (comitative plural)
rockinne (nominative singular)
rockinne (nominative plural)
rockinne (accusative nominative singular)
rockinne (accusative nominative plural)
rockinne (accusative genitive singular)
rockinne (accusative genitive plural)
rockinne (genitive singular)
rockienne (genitive plural)
rockianne (partitive singular)
rockejanne (partitive plural)
rockissanne (inessive singular)
rockeissanne (inessive plural)
rockistanne (elative singular)
rockeistanne (elative plural)
rockiinne (illative singular)
rockeihinne (illative plural)
rockillanne (adessive singular)
rockeillanne (adessive plural)
rockiltanne (ablative singular)
rockeiltanne (ablative plural)
rockillenne (allative singular)
rockeillenne (allative plural)
rockinanne (essive singular)
rockeinanne (essive plural)
rockiksenne (singular translative)
rockeiksenne (plural translative)
rockittanne (abessive singular)
rockeittanne (abessive plural)
rockeinenne (comitative plural)
rockinsa (nominative singular)
rockinsa (nominative plural)
rockinsa (accusative nominative singular)
rockinsa (accusative nominative plural)
rockinsa (accusative genitive singular)
rockinsa (accusative genitive plural)
rockinsa (genitive singular)
rockiensa (genitive plural)
rockiaan (partitive singular)
rockiansa (partitive singular)
rockejaan (partitive plural)
rockejansa (partitive plural)
rockissaan (inessive singular)
rockissansa (inessive singular)
rockeissaan (inessive plural)
rockeissansa (inessive plural)
rockistaan (elative singular)
rockistansa (elative singular)
rockeistaan (elative plural)
rockeistansa (elative plural)
rockiinsa (illative singular)
rockeihinsa (illative plural)
rockillaan (adessive singular)
rockillansa (adessive singular)
rockeillaan (adessive plural)
rockeillansa (adessive plural)
rockiltaan (ablative singular)
rockiltansa (ablative singular)
rockeiltaan (ablative plural)
rockeiltansa (ablative plural)
rockilleen (allative singular)
rockillensa (allative singular)
rockeilleen (allative plural)
rockeillensa (allative plural)
rockinaan (essive singular)
rockinansa (essive singular)
rockeinaan (essive plural)
rockeinansa (essive plural)
rockikseen (singular translative)
rockiksensa (singular translative)
rockeikseen (plural translative)
rockeiksensa (plural translative)
rockittaan (abessive singular)
rockittansa (abessive singular)
rockeittaan (abessive plural)
rockeittansa (abessive plural)
rockeineen (comitative plural)
rockeinensa (comitative plural)


rock

rock (nominative singular)
rocka (genitive singular)
rockowi (dative singular)
rocka (accusative singular)
rockiem (instrumental singular)
rocku (locative singular)
rocku (singular vocative)


rock

rock (indefinite nominative singular)
rocks (genitive indefinite singular)
rocken (definite nominative singular)
rockens (definite genitive singular)

(music, uncountable) rock, rock and roll


hip-hop

hiphop (alternative)
hip hop (alternative)

A form of popular and dance music featuring strong percussion and a powerful rhythm, usually accompanied by rapping.


hip-hop

hip-hop (nominative singular)
hip-hopit (nominative plural)
hip-hop (accusative nominative singular)
hip-hopit (accusative nominative plural)
hip-hopin (accusative genitive singular)
hip-hopit (accusative genitive plural)
hip-hopin (genitive singular)
hip-hopien (genitive plural)
hip-hopia (partitive singular)
hip-hopeja (partitive plural)
hip-hopissa (inessive singular)
hip-hopeissa (inessive plural)
hip-hopista (elative singular)
hip-hopeista (elative plural)
hip-hopiin (illative singular)
hip-hopeihin (illative plural)
hip-hopilla (adessive singular)
hip-hopeilla (adessive plural)
hip-hopilta (ablative singular)
hip-hopeilta (ablative plural)
hip-hopille (allative singular)
hip-hopeille (allative plural)
hip-hopina (essive singular)
hip-hopeina (essive plural)
hip-hopiksi (singular translative)
hip-hopeiksi (plural translative)
hip-hopitta (abessive singular)
hip-hopeitta (abessive plural)
hip-hopein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hip-hopini (nominative singular)
hip-hopini (nominative plural)
hip-hopini (accusative nominative singular)
hip-hopini (accusative nominative plural)
hip-hopini (accusative genitive singular)
hip-hopini (accusative genitive plural)
hip-hopini (genitive singular)
hip-hopieni (genitive plural)
hip-hopiani (partitive singular)
hip-hopejani (partitive plural)
hip-hopissani (inessive singular)
hip-hopeissani (inessive plural)
hip-hopistani (elative singular)
hip-hopeistani (elative plural)
hip-hopiini (illative singular)
hip-hopeihini (illative plural)
hip-hopillani (adessive singular)
hip-hopeillani (adessive plural)
hip-hopiltani (ablative singular)
hip-hopeiltani (ablative plural)
hip-hopilleni (allative singular)
hip-hopeilleni (allative plural)
hip-hopinani (essive singular)
hip-hopeinani (essive plural)
hip-hopikseni (singular translative)
hip-hopeikseni (plural translative)
hip-hopittani (abessive singular)
hip-hopeittani (abessive plural)
hip-hopeineni (comitative plural)
hip-hopisi (nominative singular)
hip-hopisi (nominative plural)
hip-hopisi (accusative nominative singular)
hip-hopisi (accusative nominative plural)
hip-hopisi (accusative genitive singular)
hip-hopisi (accusative genitive plural)
hip-hopisi (genitive singular)
hip-hopiesi (genitive plural)
hip-hopiasi (partitive singular)
hip-hopejasi (partitive plural)
hip-hopissasi (inessive singular)
hip-hopeissasi (inessive plural)
hip-hopistasi (elative singular)
hip-hopeistasi (elative plural)
hip-hopiisi (illative singular)
hip-hopeihisi (illative plural)
hip-hopillasi (adessive singular)
hip-hopeillasi (adessive plural)
hip-hopiltasi (ablative singular)
hip-hopeiltasi (ablative plural)
hip-hopillesi (allative singular)
hip-hopeillesi (allative plural)
hip-hopinasi (essive singular)
hip-hopeinasi (essive plural)
hip-hopiksesi (singular translative)
hip-hopeiksesi (plural translative)
hip-hopittasi (abessive singular)
hip-hopeittasi (abessive plural)
hip-hopeinesi (comitative plural)
hip-hopimme (nominative singular)
hip-hopimme (nominative plural)
hip-hopimme (accusative nominative singular)
hip-hopimme (accusative nominative plural)
hip-hopimme (accusative genitive singular)
hip-hopimme (accusative genitive plural)
hip-hopimme (genitive singular)
hip-hopiemme (genitive plural)
hip-hopiamme (partitive singular)
hip-hopejamme (partitive plural)
hip-hopissamme (inessive singular)
hip-hopeissamme (inessive plural)
hip-hopistamme (elative singular)
hip-hopeistamme (elative plural)
hip-hopiimme (illative singular)
hip-hopeihimme (illative plural)
hip-hopillamme (adessive singular)
hip-hopeillamme (adessive plural)
hip-hopiltamme (ablative singular)
hip-hopeiltamme (ablative plural)
hip-hopillemme (allative singular)
hip-hopeillemme (allative plural)
hip-hopinamme (essive singular)
hip-hopeinamme (essive plural)
hip-hopiksemme (singular translative)
hip-hopeiksemme (plural translative)
hip-hopittamme (abessive singular)
hip-hopeittamme (abessive plural)
hip-hopeinemme (comitative plural)
hip-hopinne (nominative singular)
hip-hopinne (nominative plural)
hip-hopinne (accusative nominative singular)
hip-hopinne (accusative nominative plural)
hip-hopinne (accusative genitive singular)
hip-hopinne (accusative genitive plural)
hip-hopinne (genitive singular)
hip-hopienne (genitive plural)
hip-hopianne (partitive singular)
hip-hopejanne (partitive plural)
hip-hopissanne (inessive singular)
hip-hopeissanne (inessive plural)
hip-hopistanne (elative singular)
hip-hopeistanne (elative plural)
hip-hopiinne (illative singular)
hip-hopeihinne (illative plural)
hip-hopillanne (adessive singular)
hip-hopeillanne (adessive plural)
hip-hopiltanne (ablative singular)
hip-hopeiltanne (ablative plural)
hip-hopillenne (allative singular)
hip-hopeillenne (allative plural)
hip-hopinanne (essive singular)
hip-hopeinanne (essive plural)
hip-hopiksenne (singular translative)
hip-hopeiksenne (plural translative)
hip-hopittanne (abessive singular)
hip-hopeittanne (abessive plural)
hip-hopeinenne (comitative plural)
hip-hopinsa (nominative singular)
hip-hopinsa (nominative plural)
hip-hopinsa (accusative nominative singular)
hip-hopinsa (accusative nominative plural)
hip-hopinsa (accusative genitive singular)
hip-hopinsa (accusative genitive plural)
hip-hopinsa (genitive singular)
hip-hopiensa (genitive plural)
hip-hopiaan (partitive singular)
hip-hopiansa (partitive singular)
hip-hopejaan (partitive plural)
hip-hopejansa (partitive plural)
hip-hopissaan (inessive singular)
hip-hopissansa (inessive singular)
hip-hopeissaan (inessive plural)
hip-hopeissansa (inessive plural)
hip-hopistaan (elative singular)
hip-hopistansa (elative singular)
hip-hopeistaan (elative plural)
hip-hopeistansa (elative plural)
hip-hopiinsa (illative singular)
hip-hopeihinsa (illative plural)
hip-hopillaan (adessive singular)
hip-hopillansa (adessive singular)
hip-hopeillaan (adessive plural)
hip-hopeillansa (adessive plural)
hip-hopiltaan (ablative singular)
hip-hopiltansa (ablative singular)
hip-hopeiltaan (ablative plural)
hip-hopeiltansa (ablative plural)
hip-hopilleen (allative singular)
hip-hopillensa (allative singular)
hip-hopeilleen (allative plural)
hip-hopeillensa (allative plural)
hip-hopinaan (essive singular)
hip-hopinansa (essive singular)
hip-hopeinaan (essive plural)
hip-hopeinansa (essive plural)
hip-hopikseen (singular translative)
hip-hopiksensa (singular translative)
hip-hopeikseen (plural translative)
hip-hopeiksensa (plural translative)
hip-hopittaan (abessive singular)
hip-hopittansa (abessive singular)
hip-hopeittaan (abessive plural)
hip-hopeittansa (abessive plural)
hip-hopeineen (comitative plural)
hip-hopeinensa (comitative plural)
hiphop (alternative)


hip-hop

hip-hop (nominative singular)
hip-hopu (genitive singular)
hip-hopowi (dative singular)
hip-hop (accusative singular)
hip-hopem (instrumental singular)
hip-hopie (locative singular)
hip-hopie (singular vocative)
hip hop (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hip-hop.

ubor

(music) hip-hop (form of popular and dance music featuring strong percussion and a powerful rhythm, usually accompanied by rapping)


drone

From Middle English drounen (“to roar, bellow”), from Proto-West Germanic *drunnjan, from Proto-Germanic *drunjaną (“to drone, roar, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to roar, hum, drone”).
Cognate with Scots drune (“to drone, moan, complain”), Dutch dreunen (“to drone, boom, thud”), Low German drönen (“to drone, buzz, hum”), German dröhnen (“to roar, boom, rumble”), Danish drøne (“to roar, boom, peel out”), Swedish dröna (“to low, bellow, roar”), Icelandic drynja (“to roar”).

cog

(music, uncountable) A genre of music that uses repeated lengthy droning sounds.


glitch

en-noun

glitch (countable and uncountable, plural glitches)

Probably from Yiddish גליטש (glitsh), from German glitschig (“slippy”), from glitschen (“to slide, glide, slip”) + -ig (“-y”). Related to gleiten (“glide”). Cognate with French glisser (“to slip, slide, skid”).
Popularized in the 1960s, by the US space program. Attested in 1962 by American astronaut John Glenn, in reference to spikes in electrical current.

Coordinate term: noise

You can hear this in the contemporary genre of ‘glitch’, where artists like Oval and Fennesz make radically beautiful music using the snaps, crackles and pops emitted by damaged CDs, malfunctioning software, etc.

2011, Simon Reynolds, Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop, Soft Skull Press, →ISBN, page 313:

(uncountable, music) A genre of experimental electronic music since the 1990s, characterized by a deliberate use of sonic artifacts that would normally be viewed as unwanted noise.


ska

Origin uncertain. Probably imitative of the crisp guitar sound; other suggestions include a contraction of “skavoovie” (a word invented and used by musician Cluett Johnson), or of “speed polka”.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Musical Hairsplitting: The act of classifying music and musicians into pathologically picayune categories: “The Vienna Franks are a good example of urban white acid folk revivalism crossed with ska.”

1991, Douglas Coupland, “Eat Your Parents”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 85:

Everyone who loves ska has their own story to tell—the first time they heard the Specials back in the '70s, the first time they danced onstage at a Toasters show in the '80s, the first time they saw the Skatalites perform in the '90s.

2014, Heather Augustyn, “Preface”, in Ska: An Oral History, McFarland, →ISBN, page 3:

(music) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.


ska

ska (style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae)


opero

eo-head

opero (accusative singular operon, plural operoj, accusative plural operojn)

operon (accusative singular)
operoj (plural)
operojn (accusative plural)


opero

Borrowed from Esperanto opero, English opera, French opéra, German Oper, Italian opera, Russian о́пера (ópera), Spanish ópera.


crust

en-noun

crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).

cog

(music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)


hymne

→ Romanian: imn n

Inherited from Middle French hymne, hynne, from Old French ymne m or f, from Latin hymnus m, from Ancient Greek ὕμνος m (húmnos).
Formerly pronounced /in/ (as still in automne, damner); the modern pronunciation under influence of the spelling.


morna

en-noun

morna (countable and uncountable, plural mornas)

She [Cesária Évora] is most famous for singing morna, which roughly translates to “songs of mourning.” As with many other kinds of folk music, morna songs are handed down from generation to generation, tracing dominant themes in a people's history.

2005, Kate Tuttle, “Evora, Cesaria”, in Anthony Appiah, Henry Louis Gates (Jr.), editors, Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 593:

(uncountable, music) A genre of Cape Verdean music and dance.


trap

trap (countable and uncountable, plural traps)

From Middle English trappe, from Old English træppe, treppe (“trap, snare”) (also in betræppan (“to trap”)) from Proto-West Germanic *trappjā (“trap, snare”), from Proto-West Germanic *trappjan (“to step”), from Proto-Germanic *trapjaną (“to tread, stamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *drebʰ- (“to step, trip, trample”).
Cognate with Dutch trap (“trap, snare”), German Low German Trapp (“trap”). Akin also to West Frisian traap (“stepping, treading, stairway”), German Treppe (“step, stair”), Old English træppan (“to step, tread”). Connection to "step" is "that upon which one steps". French trappe and Spanish trampa are ultimately borrowings from Germanic.

فَخّ

trick or arrangement designed to catch someone in a more general sense

koppi

device used to hold and suddenly release an object

сифо́н

bend, sag, or other device in a waste-pipe to prevent the escape of noxious gases

vēuháutsīe

a type of trap to catch birds using bait with adjustable loop

(US, slang, African-American Vernacular, also attributive) A vehicle, residential building, or sidewalk corner where drugs are manufactured, packaged, or sold.

(music, uncountable) A genre of hip-hop music, with half-time drums and heavy sub-bass.


soul

fr-adj

soul (feminine soule, masculine plural souls, feminine plural soules)

soule (feminine)
souls (masculine plural)
soules (feminine plural)

post-1990 spelling of soûl, itself an alternative form of saoul (“drunk”)


soul

soul (nominative singular)
soul (genitive singular)
soulu (genitive singular)
soul (dative singular)
soulowi (dative singular)
soul (accusative singular)
soul (instrumental singular)
soulem (instrumental singular)
soul (locative singular)
soulu (locative singular)
soul (singular vocative)
soulu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English soul, from Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.


soul

(music) soul music (a music genre combining gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz)


flamenco

en-noun

flamenco (countable and uncountable, plural flamencos)

/fləˈmɛŋkəʊ/

From Spanish flamenco, from Middle Dutch vlaminc (“Fleming”) (> Dutch Vlaming).

It's impossible to tell the story of flamenco without talking about Lorca, who found in it a source of inspiration in a lifelong political-cultural-sexual struggle against bourgeois philistinism.

2010 February 5, Mike Marqusee, The Guardian:

(uncountable) A genre of folk music and dance native to Andalusia, in Spain.

فَلَامِنْكُو

a genre of folk music and dance native to Andalusia, Spain


flamenco

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish flamenco. Doublet of Flamand.

ubor

flamenco (genre of folk music and dance native to Andalusia, Spain)


grime

From Middle English grim (“dirt or soot covering the face”), from a specialized note of Old English grīma (“mask”), from Proto-Germanic *grīmô (“mask”).
Possibly influenced by dialectal Dutch grijmsel, Middle Dutch grime, Middle Low German greme (“dirt”), compare Danish grime (“a halter”), Danish grimet (“soiled, stripy”), Norwegian Bokmål grimete (“soiled, stripy”), Norwegian Nynorsk grimete (“soiled, stripy”).

cog

(music) A genre of urban music that emerged in London, England, in the early 2000s, primarily a development of UK garage, dancehall, and hip hop.


rok

rȍk (canonical masculine)
ро̏к (Cyrillic)


pop music

en-noun

pop music (usually uncountable, plural pop musics)

Pop music, despite its commercial focus, includes many artistic gems.

Music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and folk music, and nowadays also from rock music.

مُوسِيقَى البوب

music intended for or accepted by a wide audience — see also popular music


prima donna

prima donna (plural prima donnas or prime donne or (nonstandard) primae donnae)

prima donnas (plural)
prime donne (plural)
primae donnae (nonstandard plural)

/ˌpɹiːməˈdɒnə/

From Italian prima donna (“first lady”).

The truth is, the inhabitants of that languid and luxurious city wanted some little variety; and the minister ... supported a favourite actress in the range of first-rate characters in the Opera—supported her against the united musical opinion of Naples. One night she sang worse than ever; and the next morning half the city rose up, demanding liberty and a new prima donna.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, pages 255–256:

(opera) The principal female singer or the leading lady.


hardcore

→ German: Hardcore

Russian: хардко́р m (xardkór)

From hard + core: hard to the core; 1936 (n.); 1951 (adj.)

Several music genres, including:
Outlaw country.


hardcore

hardcore (nominative singular)
hardcore'u (genitive singular)
hardcore'owi (dative singular)
hardcore (accusative singular)
hardcore'em (instrumental singular)
hardcorze (locative singular)
hardcorze (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hardcore.

ubor

(music) hardcore (hardcore punk or techno music)


jazz

en-noun

jazz (usually uncountable, plural jazzes)

jazzes (plural)
jaz (alternative)
jas (alternative)
jass (alternative)
jasz (alternative)

→ Arabic: جَاز (jāz)

→ Armenian: ջազ (ǰaz)

→ Bulgarian: джаз (džaz)

→ Catalan: jazz, džez

→ Czech: jazz

→ Danish: jazz

→ Dutch: jazz

→ Esperanto: ĵazo

→ Estonian: džäss

→ Faroese: djassur

→ Finnish: jazz, jatsi

→ French: jazz

→ Georgian: ჯაზი (ǯazi)

→ German: Jazz

→ Greek: τζαζ (tzaz)

desc

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hungarian: dzsessz, jazz

→ Icelandic: djass, jass

→ Italian: jazz

→ Japanese: ジャズ (jazu)

→ Korean: 재즈 (jaejeu)

→ Latvian: džezs

→ Lithuanian: džiazas

→ Macedonian: џез (džez)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: jazz

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jazz

→ Persian: جاز

→ Polish: jazz, dżez

→ Portuguese: jazz

→ Romanian: jazz

→ Russian: джаз (džaz)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: џе̏з

Latin script: džȅz

→ Slovak: džez

→ Slovene: džẹ̑z

→ Spanish: jazz

→ Swedish: jazz

→ Tagalog: dyas, diyas

→ Thai: แจ๊ส (jɛ́ɛt)

→ Turkish: caz

→ Ukrainian: джаз (džaz)

→ Yiddish: דזשאַז (dzhaz)

Unknown. First attested around 1912 in a discussion of baseball; attested in reference to music around 1915. Numerous references suggest that the term may be connected to jasm and jism.

You dare to bring your jazz songs into my house!

1927, Samson Raphaelson, Alfred A. Cohn, The Jazz Singer, spoken by Jakie Rabinowitz (Al Jolson):

You all look out now, here I come, everybody step aside, I’m gonna show you where from! I'm gonna blow in this horn and make you know that jazz is the king and let it be so!

1946, Milton “Mezz” Mezzrow, Bernard Wolfe, “Not too Far Tangent”, in Really the Blues, New York, N.Y.: Random House, book 1 (1899–1923: A Nothin’ but a Child), page 30:

You see, the kids, they listen to the rap music which gives them the brain damage. With their hippin', and the hoppin', and the bippin', and the boppin', so they don't know what the jazz…is all about! You see, jazz is like the Jello Pudding Pop—no, actually, it's more like Kodak film—no, actually, jazz is like the New Coke: it'll be around forever, heh heh.

1995, Mike Reiss, Al Jean, “'Round Springfield”, in The Simpsons, season 6, episode 22, spoken by Bill Cosby:

(music) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.


jazz

jazz (nominative singular)
jazzy (nominative plural)
jazzu (genitive singular)
jazzů (genitive plural)
jazzu (dative singular)
jazzům (dative plural)
jazz (accusative singular)
jazzy (accusative plural)
jazze (singular vocative)
jazzy (plural vocative)
jazzu (locative singular)
jazzech (locative plural)
jazzem (instrumental singular)
jazzy (instrumental plural)


jazz

jazz (nominative singular)
jazzit (nominative plural)
jazz (accusative nominative singular)
jazzit (accusative nominative plural)
jazzin (accusative genitive singular)
jazzit (accusative genitive plural)
jazzin (genitive singular)
jazzien (genitive plural)
jazzia (partitive singular)
jazzeja (partitive plural)
jazzissa (inessive singular)
jazzeissa (inessive plural)
jazzista (elative singular)
jazzeista (elative plural)
jazziin (illative singular)
jazzeihin (illative plural)
jazzilla (adessive singular)
jazzeilla (adessive plural)
jazzilta (ablative singular)
jazzeilta (ablative plural)
jazzille (allative singular)
jazzeille (allative plural)
jazzina (essive singular)
jazzeina (essive plural)
jazziksi (singular translative)
jazzeiksi (plural translative)
jazzitta (abessive singular)
jazzeitta (abessive plural)
jazzein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jazzini (nominative singular)
jazzini (nominative plural)
jazzini (accusative nominative singular)
jazzini (accusative nominative plural)
jazzini (accusative genitive singular)
jazzini (accusative genitive plural)
jazzini (genitive singular)
jazzieni (genitive plural)
jazziani (partitive singular)
jazzejani (partitive plural)
jazzissani (inessive singular)
jazzeissani (inessive plural)
jazzistani (elative singular)
jazzeistani (elative plural)
jazziini (illative singular)
jazzeihini (illative plural)
jazzillani (adessive singular)
jazzeillani (adessive plural)
jazziltani (ablative singular)
jazzeiltani (ablative plural)
jazzilleni (allative singular)
jazzeilleni (allative plural)
jazzinani (essive singular)
jazzeinani (essive plural)
jazzikseni (singular translative)
jazzeikseni (plural translative)
jazzittani (abessive singular)
jazzeittani (abessive plural)
jazzeineni (comitative plural)
jazzisi (nominative singular)
jazzisi (nominative plural)
jazzisi (accusative nominative singular)
jazzisi (accusative nominative plural)
jazzisi (accusative genitive singular)
jazzisi (accusative genitive plural)
jazzisi (genitive singular)
jazziesi (genitive plural)
jazziasi (partitive singular)
jazzejasi (partitive plural)
jazzissasi (inessive singular)
jazzeissasi (inessive plural)
jazzistasi (elative singular)
jazzeistasi (elative plural)
jazziisi (illative singular)
jazzeihisi (illative plural)
jazzillasi (adessive singular)
jazzeillasi (adessive plural)
jazziltasi (ablative singular)
jazzeiltasi (ablative plural)
jazzillesi (allative singular)
jazzeillesi (allative plural)
jazzinasi (essive singular)
jazzeinasi (essive plural)
jazziksesi (singular translative)
jazzeiksesi (plural translative)
jazzittasi (abessive singular)
jazzeittasi (abessive plural)
jazzeinesi (comitative plural)
jazzimme (nominative singular)
jazzimme (nominative plural)
jazzimme (accusative nominative singular)
jazzimme (accusative nominative plural)
jazzimme (accusative genitive singular)
jazzimme (accusative genitive plural)
jazzimme (genitive singular)
jazziemme (genitive plural)
jazziamme (partitive singular)
jazzejamme (partitive plural)
jazzissamme (inessive singular)
jazzeissamme (inessive plural)
jazzistamme (elative singular)
jazzeistamme (elative plural)
jazziimme (illative singular)
jazzeihimme (illative plural)
jazzillamme (adessive singular)
jazzeillamme (adessive plural)
jazziltamme (ablative singular)
jazzeiltamme (ablative plural)
jazzillemme (allative singular)
jazzeillemme (allative plural)
jazzinamme (essive singular)
jazzeinamme (essive plural)
jazziksemme (singular translative)
jazzeiksemme (plural translative)
jazzittamme (abessive singular)
jazzeittamme (abessive plural)
jazzeinemme (comitative plural)
jazzinne (nominative singular)
jazzinne (nominative plural)
jazzinne (accusative nominative singular)
jazzinne (accusative nominative plural)
jazzinne (accusative genitive singular)
jazzinne (accusative genitive plural)
jazzinne (genitive singular)
jazzienne (genitive plural)
jazzianne (partitive singular)
jazzejanne (partitive plural)
jazzissanne (inessive singular)
jazzeissanne (inessive plural)
jazzistanne (elative singular)
jazzeistanne (elative plural)
jazziinne (illative singular)
jazzeihinne (illative plural)
jazzillanne (adessive singular)
jazzeillanne (adessive plural)
jazziltanne (ablative singular)
jazzeiltanne (ablative plural)
jazzillenne (allative singular)
jazzeillenne (allative plural)
jazzinanne (essive singular)
jazzeinanne (essive plural)
jazziksenne (singular translative)
jazzeiksenne (plural translative)
jazzittanne (abessive singular)
jazzeittanne (abessive plural)
jazzeinenne (comitative plural)
jazzinsa (nominative singular)
jazzinsa (nominative plural)
jazzinsa (accusative nominative singular)
jazzinsa (accusative nominative plural)
jazzinsa (accusative genitive singular)
jazzinsa (accusative genitive plural)
jazzinsa (genitive singular)
jazziensa (genitive plural)
jazziaan (partitive singular)
jazziansa (partitive singular)
jazzejaan (partitive plural)
jazzejansa (partitive plural)
jazzissaan (inessive singular)
jazzissansa (inessive singular)
jazzeissaan (inessive plural)
jazzeissansa (inessive plural)
jazzistaan (elative singular)
jazzistansa (elative singular)
jazzeistaan (elative plural)
jazzeistansa (elative plural)
jazziinsa (illative singular)
jazzeihinsa (illative plural)
jazzillaan (adessive singular)
jazzillansa (adessive singular)
jazzeillaan (adessive plural)
jazzeillansa (adessive plural)
jazziltaan (ablative singular)
jazziltansa (ablative singular)
jazzeiltaan (ablative plural)
jazzeiltansa (ablative plural)
jazzilleen (allative singular)
jazzillensa (allative singular)
jazzeilleen (allative plural)
jazzeillensa (allative plural)
jazzinaan (essive singular)
jazzinansa (essive singular)
jazzeinaan (essive plural)
jazzeinansa (essive plural)
jazzikseen (singular translative)
jazziksensa (singular translative)
jazzeikseen (plural translative)
jazzeiksensa (plural translative)
jazzittaan (abessive singular)
jazzittansa (abessive singular)
jazzeittaan (abessive plural)
jazzeittansa (abessive plural)
jazzeineen (comitative plural)
jazzeinensa (comitative plural)


jazz

Borrowed from English jazz. The compound jazband is attested in a 1918 copy of Le Matin.


jazz

jazzowy (adjective)
jazz (nominative singular)
jazzu (genitive singular)
jazzowi (dative singular)
jazz (accusative singular)
jazzem (instrumental singular)
jazzie (locative singular)
jazzie (singular vocative)
dżez (alternative)

Śmiech, relaks i spokój w każdym machu / rozpoznam kozaka po wyglądzie i zapachu / śpię po tym jak dziecko i śmieje się do łez / mniej szkodliwe to niż wóda, zalegalizujcie jazz!

2011, Firma, (lyrics and music), “JaraMy” (track 20), in Nasza broń to nasza pasja, performed by Firma:

Laughter, relaxation, and peace with every toke / I can tell a badass by the way he looks / it makes me sleep like a baby and I laugh til I cry / it's less harmful than vodka, legalize hash!


jazz

[ˈd͡ʒɛ(ɪ̯)s]

[ˈd͡ʒɛ(ɪ̯)s]

[ˈd͡ʒɛ(ɪ̯)ʃ]

Que é isso? Uma rádio tocando jazz de manhã e prometendo tocar música erudita na sequência? Só pode ser piada ou estou sonhando ainda!

2010, Ricardo da Mata, O Mundo Lá Fora, Clube de Autores, page 199:

What is this? A radio playing jazz in the morning and promising to play classical next? It can only be a joke, or I am still dreaming!

(music) jazz (musical genre that emerged in the early 20th century in the United States of America, resulting from the fusion of elements from different musical traditions)


blue note

(idiomatic, music) Any of the notes that produce the characteristic clashes with the underlying harmony associated with blues music. The flatted third, flatted fifth and flatted seventh can all be considered blue notes when played over major or dominant chord progressions, while only the flatted fifth will clash with minor chord progressions.


noodle

en-verb

noodle (third-person singular simple present noodles, present participle noodling, simple past and past participle noodled)

noodles (present singular third-person)
noodling (participle present)
noodled (participle past)
noodled (past)

The origin of the verb is uncertain; it is possibly derived:
* from noodle (“to hum or sing (a tune) at a low pitch or volume”) (Shetland) (see etymology 3); or
* from German nudeln (“to make music or sing listlessly; to make music or sing at a low pitch or volume, or in an improvisatory manner”) (Leipzig), apparently from Nudel (“piece of pasta, noodle”) (see etymology 1) + -n (a variant of -en (suffix forming the infinitives of verbs)).
The word was probably also influenced by doodle (“to draw or scribble aimlessly”, verb).
The noun is probably derived from the verb, though the verb is first attested later. The noun was probably also influenced by doodle (“small mindless sketch”, noun).

der

Coordinate term: jazzify

(chiefly jazz) To play (a musical instrument or passage of music) or to sing (a passage of music) in an improvisatory or lighthearted manner; also, to play (a series of ornamental notes) on an instrument.

rimputtaa

to play (a musical instrument or passage of music) or to sing (a passage of music) in an improvisatory or lighthearted manner; to play (a series of ornamental notes) on an instrument

Coordinate term: jam

He has been noodling with that trumpet all afternoon, and every bit of it sounds awful.

[A]udible here and there / in the half-dark, members of an avian orchestra / are already softly noodling, limbering up for / an overture at sunrise, […]

1965, W[ystan] H[ugh] Auden, “Thanksgiving for a Habitat. The Cave of Nakedness (for Louis and Emmie Kronenberger).”, in About the House, New York, N.Y.; Toronto, Ont.: Random House, →OCLC, page 34:

We’ve learned the prospective danger of Macca [Paul McCartney] noodling around in the studio from McCartney III’s predecessors—“Wonderful Christmastime” came out of the McCartney II sessions, after all.

2020 November 9, Gwen Ihnat, “With McCartney III, Paul McCartney Offers Lessons from a Legendary Life”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2022-05-16:

(chiefly jazz) To play a musical instrument or to sing in an improvisatory or lighthearted manner; also, to play a series of ornamental notes on an instrument.

rimputella

to play a musical instrument or to sing in an improvisatory or lighthearted manner; to play a series of ornamental notes on an instrument


noodle

pasta - for Italian noodles and noodle dishes

(chiefly jazz) An improvised passage of music played on an instrument; also, a series of ornamental notes played on an instrument; a trill.


baggy

en-adj

baggy (comparative baggier, superlative baggiest)

baggier (comparative)
baggiest (superlative)

→ French: baggy

Pop historian Jon Savage listens to the best of the Stone Roses and their contemporaries – from Baby Ford to the Sabres of Paradise – and creates the perfect set of baggy playlists

2011 October 18, Jon Savage, “Stone Roses reunion: three baggy playlists”, in The Guardian:

The Birmingham band – now a five-piece after multi-instrumentalist James Balmont joined them – have ditched the loose and baggy guitar pop of 2013’s Where the Heaven Are We? in favour of psych-pop that contorts itself into pulsing Balearic acid house and motorik rhythms.

2015 October 1, Tshepo Mokoena, “Swim Deep: Mothers review – baggy indie kids embrace psych-pop”, in The Guardian:

(music) Of or relating to a British music genre of the 1980s and 1990s, influenced by Madchester and psychedelia and associated with baggy clothing.


disco

en-noun

disco (countable and uncountable, plural discos)

→ Cebuano: disko

→ Esperanto: diskoo

→ Dutch: disco

→ Polish: disco

→ Romanian: disco

→ Swahili: disko

→ Tagalog: disko

→ Turkish: disko

From a shortening of discotheque, from French discothèque.

And black music became a hot commodity in the form of disco, its lyrics and rhythm laced with a palpable (even ethnic) amiguity, helping people dance and escape their concerns. Even the cry of “burn, baby, burn”, a popular chant during many a 1960s urban rebellion, was co-opted by the times, becoming the chorus for the 1977 dance hit “Disco Inferno.”

2009, Marcus Reeves, Somebody Scream!, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:

(uncountable, music) A genre of dance music that was popular in the 1970s, characterized by elements of soul music with a strong Latin-American beat and often accompanied by pulsating lights.


chorus

chorus (plural choruses or (dated) chorusses or (rare) chori)

choruses (plural)
chorusses (dated plural)
chori (plural rare)

The noun is borrowed from Medieval Latin chorus (“church choir”), Latin chorus (“group of dancers and singers; dance”), from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós, “group of dancers and singers, choir, chorus; dance accompanied by song; round dance”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to encircle, enclose”) or *ǵʰoros. Doublet of choir, chore, and hora.
The plural form chori is from Latin chorī, from Ancient Greek χοροί (khoroí).
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

Of additional interest is the riff in the second chorus, which was later copied by Joe Garland and recorded by the Glenn Miller Orchestra as "In the Mood," becoming the biggest hit of the Swing Era.

2002, Thomas E. Larson, History and Tradition of Jazz, Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing, →ISBN:

Jazz solos in the 1920s are much more about variety and discontinuity than unity and coherence. The explosive introduction, the instrutable and tender scat-clarinet dialogue, the spritely piano chorus, and the majestic trumpet chorus—contrast is far more important than unity.

2014, Thomas Brothers, “‘Some Kind of a God’”, in Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism, New York, N.Y., London: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 299:

(jazz) The improvised solo section in a small group performance.


chorus

Borrowed from Latin chorus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós). Doublet of chœur.

Willie Smith prend une série de chorus incroyables sur Hocus Pocus, tirant de son instrument des notes suraiguës qui n’existent pas sur le doigté officiel du saxophone alto.

1947, Hugues Panassié, Cinq mois à New-York, Éditions Corrêa, page 89:

(jazz music) improvisation by a soloist for part of all of a theme


handbag

en-noun

handbag (countable and uncountable, plural handbags)

From hand + bag. The music genre is named from women dancing around a pile of their handbags in nightclubs. The verb is a reference to Margaret Thatcher's handbag.

(uncountable, music) Ellipsis of handbag house.


rap

rap (countable and uncountable, plural raps)

→ Dutch: raps

⇒ Dutch: rapsen

→ Finnish: rap

→ German: Rap

→ Macedonian: рап (rap)

From Middle English rap, rappe, of North Germanic origin, related to Norwegian rapp (“a blow, strike, lash”), Swedish rapp (“a blow, lash, crack”), Danish rap (“a tap, smart, blow”). Compare Old English hreppan (“to touch, treat”). More at rape.

They like listening to rap.


rap

Borrowed from English rap, from Middle English rap, rappe, of North Germanic origin.

a song, verse, or instance of singing in the style of rap music


rap

rap (nominative singular)
rapit (nominative plural)
rap (accusative nominative singular)
rapit (accusative nominative plural)
rapin (accusative genitive singular)
rapit (accusative genitive plural)
rapin (genitive singular)
rapien (genitive plural)
rapia (partitive singular)
rapeja (partitive plural)
rapissa (inessive singular)
rapeissa (inessive plural)
rapista (elative singular)
rapeista (elative plural)
rapiin (illative singular)
rapeihin (illative plural)
rapilla (adessive singular)
rapeilla (adessive plural)
rapilta (ablative singular)
rapeilta (ablative plural)
rapille (allative singular)
rapeille (allative plural)
rapina (essive singular)
rapeina (essive plural)
rapiksi (singular translative)
rapeiksi (plural translative)
rapitta (abessive singular)
rapeitta (abessive plural)
rapein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
rapini (nominative singular)
rapini (nominative plural)
rapini (accusative nominative singular)
rapini (accusative nominative plural)
rapini (accusative genitive singular)
rapini (accusative genitive plural)
rapini (genitive singular)
rapieni (genitive plural)
rapiani (partitive singular)
rapejani (partitive plural)
rapissani (inessive singular)
rapeissani (inessive plural)
rapistani (elative singular)
rapeistani (elative plural)
rapiini (illative singular)
rapeihini (illative plural)
rapillani (adessive singular)
rapeillani (adessive plural)
rapiltani (ablative singular)
rapeiltani (ablative plural)
rapilleni (allative singular)
rapeilleni (allative plural)
rapinani (essive singular)
rapeinani (essive plural)
rapikseni (singular translative)
rapeikseni (plural translative)
rapittani (abessive singular)
rapeittani (abessive plural)
rapeineni (comitative plural)
rapisi (nominative singular)
rapisi (nominative plural)
rapisi (accusative nominative singular)
rapisi (accusative nominative plural)
rapisi (accusative genitive singular)
rapisi (accusative genitive plural)
rapisi (genitive singular)
rapiesi (genitive plural)
rapiasi (partitive singular)
rapejasi (partitive plural)
rapissasi (inessive singular)
rapeissasi (inessive plural)
rapistasi (elative singular)
rapeistasi (elative plural)
rapiisi (illative singular)
rapeihisi (illative plural)
rapillasi (adessive singular)
rapeillasi (adessive plural)
rapiltasi (ablative singular)
rapeiltasi (ablative plural)
rapillesi (allative singular)
rapeillesi (allative plural)
rapinasi (essive singular)
rapeinasi (essive plural)
rapiksesi (singular translative)
rapeiksesi (plural translative)
rapittasi (abessive singular)
rapeittasi (abessive plural)
rapeinesi (comitative plural)
rapimme (nominative singular)
rapimme (nominative plural)
rapimme (accusative nominative singular)
rapimme (accusative nominative plural)
rapimme (accusative genitive singular)
rapimme (accusative genitive plural)
rapimme (genitive singular)
rapiemme (genitive plural)
rapiamme (partitive singular)
rapejamme (partitive plural)
rapissamme (inessive singular)
rapeissamme (inessive plural)
rapistamme (elative singular)
rapeistamme (elative plural)
rapiimme (illative singular)
rapeihimme (illative plural)
rapillamme (adessive singular)
rapeillamme (adessive plural)
rapiltamme (ablative singular)
rapeiltamme (ablative plural)
rapillemme (allative singular)
rapeillemme (allative plural)
rapinamme (essive singular)
rapeinamme (essive plural)
rapiksemme (singular translative)
rapeiksemme (plural translative)
rapittamme (abessive singular)
rapeittamme (abessive plural)
rapeinemme (comitative plural)
rapinne (nominative singular)
rapinne (nominative plural)
rapinne (accusative nominative singular)
rapinne (accusative nominative plural)
rapinne (accusative genitive singular)
rapinne (accusative genitive plural)
rapinne (genitive singular)
rapienne (genitive plural)
rapianne (partitive singular)
rapejanne (partitive plural)
rapissanne (inessive singular)
rapeissanne (inessive plural)
rapistanne (elative singular)
rapeistanne (elative plural)
rapiinne (illative singular)
rapeihinne (illative plural)
rapillanne (adessive singular)
rapeillanne (adessive plural)
rapiltanne (ablative singular)
rapeiltanne (ablative plural)
rapillenne (allative singular)
rapeillenne (allative plural)
rapinanne (essive singular)
rapeinanne (essive plural)
rapiksenne (singular translative)
rapeiksenne (plural translative)
rapittanne (abessive singular)
rapeittanne (abessive plural)
rapeinenne (comitative plural)
rapinsa (nominative singular)
rapinsa (nominative plural)
rapinsa (accusative nominative singular)
rapinsa (accusative nominative plural)
rapinsa (accusative genitive singular)
rapinsa (accusative genitive plural)
rapinsa (genitive singular)
rapiensa (genitive plural)
rapiaan (partitive singular)
rapiansa (partitive singular)
rapejaan (partitive plural)
rapejansa (partitive plural)
rapissaan (inessive singular)
rapissansa (inessive singular)
rapeissaan (inessive plural)
rapeissansa (inessive plural)
rapistaan (elative singular)
rapistansa (elative singular)
rapeistaan (elative plural)
rapeistansa (elative plural)
rapiinsa (illative singular)
rapeihinsa (illative plural)
rapillaan (adessive singular)
rapillansa (adessive singular)
rapeillaan (adessive plural)
rapeillansa (adessive plural)
rapiltaan (ablative singular)
rapiltansa (ablative singular)
rapeiltaan (ablative plural)
rapeiltansa (ablative plural)
rapilleen (allative singular)
rapillensa (allative singular)
rapeilleen (allative plural)
rapeillensa (allative plural)
rapinaan (essive singular)
rapinansa (essive singular)
rapeinaan (essive plural)
rapeinansa (essive plural)
rapikseen (singular translative)
rapiksensa (singular translative)
rapeikseen (plural translative)
rapeiksensa (plural translative)
rapittaan (abessive singular)
rapittansa (abessive singular)
rapeittaan (abessive plural)
rapeittansa (abessive plural)
rapeineen (comitative plural)
rapeinensa (comitative plural)
rap (nominative singular)
rapit (nominative plural)
rap (accusative nominative singular)
rapit (accusative nominative plural)
rapin (accusative genitive singular)
rapit (accusative genitive plural)
rapin (genitive singular)
rapien (genitive plural)
rapiä (partitive singular)
rapejä (partitive plural)
rapissä (inessive singular)
rapeissä (inessive plural)
rapistä (elative singular)
rapeistä (elative plural)
rapiin (illative singular)
rapeihin (illative plural)
rapillä (adessive singular)
rapeillä (adessive plural)
rapiltä (ablative singular)
rapeiltä (ablative plural)
rapille (allative singular)
rapeille (allative plural)
rapinä (essive singular)
rapeinä (essive plural)
rapiksi (singular translative)
rapeiksi (plural translative)
rapittä (abessive singular)
rapeittä (abessive plural)
rapein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
rapini (nominative singular)
rapini (nominative plural)
rapini (accusative nominative singular)
rapini (accusative nominative plural)
rapini (accusative genitive singular)
rapini (accusative genitive plural)
rapini (genitive singular)
rapieni (genitive plural)
rapiäni (partitive singular)
rapejäni (partitive plural)
rapissäni (inessive singular)
rapeissäni (inessive plural)
rapistäni (elative singular)
rapeistäni (elative plural)
rapiini (illative singular)
rapeihini (illative plural)
rapilläni (adessive singular)
rapeilläni (adessive plural)
rapiltäni (ablative singular)
rapeiltäni (ablative plural)
rapilleni (allative singular)
rapeilleni (allative plural)
rapinäni (essive singular)
rapeinäni (essive plural)
rapikseni (singular translative)
rapeikseni (plural translative)
rapittäni (abessive singular)
rapeittäni (abessive plural)
rapeineni (comitative plural)
rapisi (nominative singular)
rapisi (nominative plural)
rapisi (accusative nominative singular)
rapisi (accusative nominative plural)
rapisi (accusative genitive singular)
rapisi (accusative genitive plural)
rapisi (genitive singular)
rapiesi (genitive plural)
rapiäsi (partitive singular)
rapejäsi (partitive plural)
rapissäsi (inessive singular)
rapeissäsi (inessive plural)
rapistäsi (elative singular)
rapeistäsi (elative plural)
rapiisi (illative singular)
rapeihisi (illative plural)
rapilläsi (adessive singular)
rapeilläsi (adessive plural)
rapiltäsi (ablative singular)
rapeiltäsi (ablative plural)
rapillesi (allative singular)
rapeillesi (allative plural)
rapinäsi (essive singular)
rapeinäsi (essive plural)
rapiksesi (singular translative)
rapeiksesi (plural translative)
rapittäsi (abessive singular)
rapeittäsi (abessive plural)
rapeinesi (comitative plural)
rapimme (nominative singular)
rapimme (nominative plural)
rapimme (accusative nominative singular)
rapimme (accusative nominative plural)
rapimme (accusative genitive singular)
rapimme (accusative genitive plural)
rapimme (genitive singular)
rapiemme (genitive plural)
rapiämme (partitive singular)
rapejämme (partitive plural)
rapissämme (inessive singular)
rapeissämme (inessive plural)
rapistämme (elative singular)
rapeistämme (elative plural)
rapiimme (illative singular)
rapeihimme (illative plural)
rapillämme (adessive singular)
rapeillämme (adessive plural)
rapiltämme (ablative singular)
rapeiltämme (ablative plural)
rapillemme (allative singular)
rapeillemme (allative plural)
rapinämme (essive singular)
rapeinämme (essive plural)
rapiksemme (singular translative)
rapeiksemme (plural translative)
rapittämme (abessive singular)
rapeittämme (abessive plural)
rapeinemme (comitative plural)
rapinne (nominative singular)
rapinne (nominative plural)
rapinne (accusative nominative singular)
rapinne (accusative nominative plural)
rapinne (accusative genitive singular)
rapinne (accusative genitive plural)
rapinne (genitive singular)
rapienne (genitive plural)
rapiänne (partitive singular)
rapejänne (partitive plural)
rapissänne (inessive singular)
rapeissänne (inessive plural)
rapistänne (elative singular)
rapeistänne (elative plural)
rapiinne (illative singular)
rapeihinne (illative plural)
rapillänne (adessive singular)
rapeillänne (adessive plural)
rapiltänne (ablative singular)
rapeiltänne (ablative plural)
rapillenne (allative singular)
rapeillenne (allative plural)
rapinänne (essive singular)
rapeinänne (essive plural)
rapiksenne (singular translative)
rapeiksenne (plural translative)
rapittänne (abessive singular)
rapeittänne (abessive plural)
rapeinenne (comitative plural)
rapinsä (nominative singular)
rapinsä (nominative plural)
rapinsä (accusative nominative singular)
rapinsä (accusative nominative plural)
rapinsä (accusative genitive singular)
rapinsä (accusative genitive plural)
rapinsä (genitive singular)
rapiensä (genitive plural)
rapiään (partitive singular)
rapiänsä (partitive singular)
rapejään (partitive plural)
rapejänsä (partitive plural)
rapissään (inessive singular)
rapissänsä (inessive singular)
rapeissään (inessive plural)
rapeissänsä (inessive plural)
rapistään (elative singular)
rapistänsä (elative singular)
rapeistään (elative plural)
rapeistänsä (elative plural)
rapiinsä (illative singular)
rapeihinsä (illative plural)
rapillään (adessive singular)
rapillänsä (adessive singular)
rapeillään (adessive plural)
rapeillänsä (adessive plural)
rapiltään (ablative singular)
rapiltänsä (ablative singular)
rapeiltään (ablative plural)
rapeiltänsä (ablative plural)
rapilleen (allative singular)
rapillensä (allative singular)
rapeilleen (allative plural)
rapeillensä (allative plural)
rapinään (essive singular)
rapinänsä (essive singular)
rapeinään (essive plural)
rapeinänsä (essive plural)
rapikseen (singular translative)
rapiksensä (singular translative)
rapeikseen (plural translative)
rapeiksensä (plural translative)
rapittään (abessive singular)
rapittänsä (abessive singular)
rapeittään (abessive plural)
rapeittänsä (abessive plural)
rapeineen (comitative plural)
rapeinensä (comitative plural)


rap

rapowy (adjective)
rap (nominative singular)
rapu (genitive singular)
rapowi (dative singular)
rap (accusative singular)
rapem (instrumental singular)
rapie (locative singular)
rapie (singular vocative)


lambada

Borrowed from Portuguese lambada (“strong slap, hit”).

(preceded by definite article) A fast-paced, erotic Brazilian dance in which couples dance with their stomachs touching.


funk

funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)

1620, from French dialectal (Norman) funquer, funquier (“to smoke, reek”), from Old Northern French fungier (“to smoke”), from Vulgar Latin fūmicāre, alteration of Latin fūmigāre (“to smoke, fumigate”). Related to French dialect funkière (“smoke”). More at fumigate.

The foulest stench is in the air; the funk of 40,000 years and grizzly ghouls from every tomb are closing in to seal your doom.

1982, “Thriller”, in Rod Temperton (lyrics), Quincy Jones (music), Thriller, performed by Michael Jackson (featuring Vincent Price), Epic Records:

(countable) Foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odor.

(uncountable, music) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.


funk

From Middle English funke, fonke (“spark”), from Old English *funca (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *funkô (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peng- (“to shine”). Cognate with Middle Low German funke, fanke (“spark”), Middle Dutch vonke (“spark”), Old High German funcho, funko (“spark”), German Funke (“spark”). See also spunk.


funk

head

funk c (singular definite funken, not used in plural form)

funken (definite singular)
funk (indefinite nominative singular)
funken (definite nominative singular)
funks (genitive indefinite singular)
funkens (definite genitive singular)


funk

funk (nominative singular)
funku (genitive singular)
funka (genitive singular)
funkowi (dative singular)
funku (accusative singular)
funka (accusative singular)
funkiem (instrumental singular)
funku (locative singular)
funku (singular vocative)


funk

(music, uncountable) funk (a genre of popular music derived from soul music)

(Brazil, music, uncountable) funk carioca (Brazilian music genre derived from Miami bass)


opera

en-noun

opera (countable and uncountable, plural operas or opere)

Borrowed from Italian opera. Doublet of oeuvre, opus, and ure.

(music) The genre of such works, the art of composing operas.


opera

eo-head

opera (accusative singular operan, plural operaj, accusative plural operajn)

operan (accusative singular)
operaj (plural)
operajn (accusative plural)


opera

operák (plural)
opera (nominative singular)
operák (nominative plural)
operát (accusative singular)
operákat (accusative plural)
operának (dative singular)
operáknak (dative plural)
operával (instrumental singular)
operákkal (instrumental plural)
operáért (causal-final singular)
operákért (causal-final plural)
operává (singular translative)
operákká (plural translative)
operáig (singular terminative)
operákig (plural terminative)
operaként (essive-formal singular)
operákként (essive-formal plural)
operában (inessive singular)
operákban (inessive plural)
operán (singular superessive)
operákon (plural superessive)
operánál (adessive singular)
operáknál (adessive plural)
operába (illative singular)
operákba (illative plural)
operára (singular sublative)
operákra (plural sublative)
operához (allative singular)
operákhoz (allative plural)
operából (elative singular)
operákból (elative plural)
operáról (delative singular)
operákról (delative plural)
operától (ablative singular)
operáktól (ablative plural)
operáé (singular)
operáké (plural)
operáéi (singular)
operákéi (plural)
operám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
operáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
operád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
operáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
operája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
operái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
operánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
operáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
operátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
operáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
operájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
operáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Italian opera, from Latin opera.

(music) opera (a theatrical work combining drama, music, song and sometimes dance)

(music) opera, opera house (building designed for the performance of such works)


opera

opera (nominative singular)
opery (nominative plural)
opery (genitive singular)
oper (genitive plural)
operze (dative singular)
operom (dative plural)
operę (accusative singular)
opery (accusative plural)
operą (instrumental singular)
operami (instrumental plural)
operze (locative singular)
operach (locative plural)
opero (singular vocative)
opery (plural vocative)


opera

head

opera (definite accusative operayı, plural operalar)

operayı (accusative definite)
operalar (plural)
opera (nominative singular)
operalar (nominative plural)
operayı (accusative definite singular)
operaları (accusative definite plural)
operaya (dative singular)
operalara (dative plural)
operada (locative singular)
operalarda (locative plural)
operadan (ablative singular)
operalardan (ablative plural)
operanın (genitive singular)
operaların (genitive plural)

From Ottoman Turkish اوپهرا, اوپارا, اوپرا, اوپره (opera), from Italian opera, from Latin opera.


opera

operâu (plural)
opera
hopera (prothesis-h)


oi

Variant of the interjection hoy with h-dropping in working class and Cockney speech; first recorded in the 1930s. Compare also unrelated Portuguese oi and Japanese おい (oi).

A way for Oi musicians to avoid responsibility for acts of violence that were preceded by listening to Oi is the claim that what people do with their music is out of the control of the musicians themselves.

1997, David Schwarz, Listening subjects: music, psychoanalysis, culture:

Oi! is characterized by cleaner guitars and slower tempos than most punk music, and many Oi! songs feature sing-along, "soccer chant" choruses.

2012, Tiffini Travis, Perry Hardy, Skinheads: A Guide to an American Subculture:

(UK, sometimes capitalized) A working-class punk rock subgenre of the 1970s, sometimes associated with racism.


emo

en-noun

emo (countable and uncountable, plural emos)

(uncountable, music) A particular style of hardcore punk rock


emo

(relational) emo (particular style of hardcore punk rock)


emo

emo (canonical masculine person)
emo (canonical feminine)

emo (individual of people associated with that subculture and musical style)


bebop

Alteration of earlier rebop, nonsense syllables used in scat singing in the 1940s. Compare doo be doo be doo, doo-wop, etc.

(music) An early form of modern jazz played by small groups and featuring driving rhythms and complex, often dissonant harmonies.


bebop

bebop (indefinite nominative singular)
bebops (genitive indefinite singular)
bebopen (definite nominative singular)
bebopens (definite genitive singular)


duma

duma (nominative singular)
dumy (nominative plural)
dumy (genitive singular)
dum (genitive plural)
dumie (dative singular)
dumom (dative plural)
dumę (accusative singular)
dumy (accusative plural)
dumą (instrumental singular)
dumami (instrumental plural)
dumie (locative singular)
dumach (locative plural)
dumo (singular vocative)
dumy (plural vocative)

dumka (individual composition in the genre of instrumental folk music from Ukraine)


juke

juke (countable and uncountable, plural jukes)

From Gullah juke, jook, joog (“wicked, disorderly”) (compare Wolof and Bambara dzug (“unsavory”)).

All Kouichi Furutono wanted to do was expose Japanese audiences to the skittering sounds of Chicago juke music.

2018 October 5, Patrick St. Michel, “The Inventive World of Japan’s Juke and Footwork Scene”, in Bandcamp Daily:

(uncountable, music) A genre of electronic music native to Chicago, noted for its fast, abstract rhythms; see footwork.


mambo

mambo (countable and uncountable, plural mambos or mamboes)

mambos (plural)
mamboes (plural)
manbo (alternative)

From Haitian Creole manbo (“voodoo priestess”) (ultimately from Yoruba mambo (“to talk”)), in later senses via Cuban Spanish mambo (“dance”).

der

A Latin-American musical genre, adapted from rumba, originating from Cuba in the 1940s, or a dance or rhythm of this genre.


motet

pl-noun

motet m inan (diminutive motecik, related adjective motetowy)

motecik (diminutive)
motetowy (adjective)
motet (nominative singular)
motety (nominative plural)
motetu (genitive singular)
motetów (genitive plural)
motetowi (dative singular)
motetom (dative plural)
motet (accusative singular)
motety (accusative plural)
motetem (instrumental singular)
motetami (instrumental plural)
motecie (locative singular)
motetach (locative plural)
motecie (singular vocative)
motety (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English motet, French motet, German Motette.

motet (composition adapted to sacred words in the elaborate polyphonic church style; an anthem)


samba

en-noun

samba (countable and uncountable, plural sambas)

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese samba, from a Bantu language. Doublet of semba.

bor+

Slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1888; until then, Bahia had been a major hub of the country’s slave trade. Samba started there for a reason—a fact that Veloso has returned to, obsessively, throughout his career.

2022 February 7, Jonathan Blitzer, “How Caetano Veloso Revolutionized Brazil’s Sound and Spirit”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

(music) A Brazilian musical genre, to which the aforementioned dance is danced, which has its roots in West Africa via the slave trade.


scat

en-verb

scat (third-person singular simple present scats, present participle scatting, simple past and past participle scatted)

scats (present singular third-person)
scatting (participle present)
scatted (participle past)
scatted (past)

(music, jazz) To sing an improvised melodic solo using nonsense syllables, often onomatopoeic or imitative of musical instruments.


growl

From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill.
The noun is derived from the verb.

cog

The growl effect comes from fitting a small straight mute—a cornet mute for trumpet and a trumpet mute for trombone—covering the instrument's bell with a rubber plunger, the kind used by plumbers, and moving it in and out to affect the tone.

2013, Stephen Feinstein, quoting John Chilton, “Duke Ellington”, in Incredible African-American Jazz Musicians, Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:

Just as [Duke] Ellington the composer was not the originator of the growls, moans, and other expressive devices that jazz musicians developed from European instruments, neither was he the particular techniques he used at the piano. It was the wealth of possibilities he uncovered for combining, simplifying, expanding, or even distorting the common jazz piano vocabulary of the day that put Ellington in a class by himself.

2014, Bill Dobbins, “Duke Ellington and the World of Jazz Piano”, in Edward Green, Evan Spring, editors, The Cambridge Companion to Duke Ellington (African-American Collective Biographies), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 197:

(jazz, by extension) A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument.