growl

en-verb

growl (third-person singular simple present growls, present participle growling, simple past and past participle growled)

growls (present singular third-person)
growling (participle present)
growled (participle past)
growled (past)
groil (alternative)
groul (alternative)

And he is bending in the wind, scooping pitch, growling. […] He plays his false fingers. Chokes the trumpet. He is naked. This is naked jazz. O-bop-she-bam. Never lying. Telling it like it is.

1998, Jackie Kay, “Music”, in Trumpet, London: Picador, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, 2000, →ISBN:

James "Bubber" Miley "used to growl all night long, playing gutbucket on his horn. That was when we decided to forget all about the sweet music."

2016, Henry Martin, Keith Waters, quoting Duke Ellington, “1920s Jazz in New York and Europe”, in Jazz: The First 100 Years, 3rd enhanced edition, Boston, Mass.: Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 121:

(intransitive, jazz) Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound.

[…] John Gilmore would take up his tenor and growl a keening march, Danny Thompson stab and worry with a flute, Sun Ra leave his big conga and mount the temple of keyboards for a ritual parenthesis of chromatic zig-zags and electro-howls.

2005, Gerald Majer, “Proxima Ra”, in The Velvet Lounge: On Late Chicago Jazz, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 37:

(transitive, jazz) To play a wind instrument in a way that produces a low-pitched rumbling sound.


punk

en-noun

punk (countable and uncountable, plural punks)

Uncertain. Possibly from punk ("rotten wood dust used as tinder", attested since 1678; see Etymology 2 below) to anything worthless (attested since 1869) and then to any undesirable person (since 1908).

putinha

bottom in a male-male sexual relationship — see also bottom

Who else... would have the nerve to actually begin a song with the line ‘Whatchew gonna do, mama, now that the roast beef's gone...?’ Man, that is true punk; that is so fucked up it's got class up the ass.

1972 November, L. Bangs, Creem, page 68:

(uncountable, music) Short for punk rock, a genre known for short, loud, energetic songs with electric guitars and strong drums.


punk

punk (nominative singular)
punku (genitive singular)
punkowi (dative singular)
punk (accusative singular)
punkiem (instrumental singular)
punku (locative singular)
punku (singular vocative)
pank (alternative)

(music) punk (social and musical movement)

(music) punk, punk rock (subgenre of rock music)


punk

punk (nominative singular)
puncy (nominative plural)
punki (derogatory nominative plural)
punka (genitive singular)
punków (genitive plural)
punkowi (dative singular)
punkom (dative plural)
punka (accusative singular)
punków (accusative plural)
punkiem (instrumental singular)
punkami (instrumental plural)
punku (locative singular)
punkach (locative plural)
punku (singular vocative)
puncy (plural vocative)
pank (alternative)

(music) punk, punk rocker (person who plays punk rock)

(music) punk, punk rocker (person who is a fan of punk rock)


rave

en-noun

rave (countable and uncountable, plural raves)

→ Finnish: reivit (pl)

From Middle English raven (“to rave; talk like a madman”), from Old French raver, variant of resver, of uncertain origin. Compare rove.

der

Maybe I wear baggies / And white socks with flip-flops / Maybe I don't like listening to rave / And I'm not on the social mountaintops

2009, Chrysalis Experiential Academy, Mind Harvesting, page 109:

(music, uncountable) The genres of electronic dance music made to be played in rave parties.


slam

en-noun

slam (countable and uncountable, plural slams)

From Middle English *slammen (not recorded), apparently from a Scandinavian source ultimately from Old Norse slæma, slœma (“to slam, swing a weapon, strike an object out of reach”), related to Old Norse slamra, slambra (“to slam”). Cognate with Norwegian Bokmål slamre (“to slam”), Swedish slamra (“to pound, beat, make a clatter, rattle”), Norwegian Nynorsk slamra (“to sway, dangle”).

cog

(music, uncountable) A subgenre of death metal with elements of hardcore punk focusing on midtempo rhythms, breakdowns and palm-muted riffs.


rap music

(music) Hip-hop music, especially when focused on rapping.


jive

en-verb

jive (third-person singular simple present jives, present participle jiving, simple past and past participle jived)

jives (present singular third-person)
jiving (participle present)
jived (participle past)
jived (past)

Unknown. Slang attested in African-American and rural American culture. Frequently used to imply lying, verbal deception or trickery. Has a possible historical antecedent in gyve (“shackle”). Alternatively, of African origin, compare Wolof jev, jeu (“to talk about someone absent, especially in a disparaging manner”).

You can dance, you can jive, having the time of your life; ooh, see that girl, watch that scene, diggin' the dancing queen!

1976, “Dancing Queen”, performed by ABBA:

"Can you flamenco?" "If I have to. How about you?" "Love, I can barely waltz. Jive a bit if I'm pissed enough."

2010, Peter Corris, Torn Apart, Allen and Unwin, page 212:

When it was time for stage games, I found myself jiving to Chinese orchestra and *Nsync tunes with my colleague’s sister — one of my “supporters”.

2015 April 19, Yeo Sam Jo, “Hello, I'm Eligible Bachelor #43”, in The Straits Times, Singapore, archived from the original on 2016-06-08:

(intransitive, colloquial) To dance, originally to jive or swing music; later, to jazz, rock and roll, rhythm and blues, disco, etc.


smooth jazz

(music, jazz) A modern form of jazz first developed in the 1970s that blends in elements of rhythm and blues.


blues

en-noun

blues (countable and uncountable, plural blues)

→ Catalan: blues

→ Danish: blues

→ Finnish: blues

→ French: blues

→ Hungarian: blues

→ Icelandic: blús

→ Italian: blues

→ Portuguese: blues

→ Spanish: blues

→ Swedish: blues

Many great blues musicians came from the Mississippi Delta region.

A large portion of modern popular music is influenced by the blues.

(music) A musical form, African-American in origin, generally featuring an eight-bar or twelve-bar blues structure and using the blues scale.

My next number is a blues in G.

(music, in the singular) A musical composition following blues forms.


blues

(music) blues (musical genre of African American origin)


blues

head

blues c (singular definite bluesen, not used in plural form)


blues

blues (nominative singular)
bluesit (nominative plural)
blues (accusative nominative singular)
bluesit (accusative nominative plural)
bluesin (accusative genitive singular)
bluesit (accusative genitive plural)
bluesin (genitive singular)
bluesien (genitive plural)
bluesia (partitive singular)
blueseja (partitive plural)
bluesissa (inessive singular)
blueseissa (inessive plural)
bluesista (elative singular)
blueseista (elative plural)
bluesiin (illative singular)
blueseihin (illative plural)
bluesilla (adessive singular)
blueseilla (adessive plural)
bluesilta (ablative singular)
blueseilta (ablative plural)
bluesille (allative singular)
blueseille (allative plural)
bluesina (essive singular)
blueseina (essive plural)
bluesiksi (singular translative)
blueseiksi (plural translative)
bluesitta (abessive singular)
blueseitta (abessive plural)
bluesein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
bluesini (nominative singular)
bluesini (nominative plural)
bluesini (accusative nominative singular)
bluesini (accusative nominative plural)
bluesini (accusative genitive singular)
bluesini (accusative genitive plural)
bluesini (genitive singular)
bluesieni (genitive plural)
bluesiani (partitive singular)
bluesejani (partitive plural)
bluesissani (inessive singular)
blueseissani (inessive plural)
bluesistani (elative singular)
blueseistani (elative plural)
bluesiini (illative singular)
blueseihini (illative plural)
bluesillani (adessive singular)
blueseillani (adessive plural)
bluesiltani (ablative singular)
blueseiltani (ablative plural)
bluesilleni (allative singular)
blueseilleni (allative plural)
bluesinani (essive singular)
blueseinani (essive plural)
bluesikseni (singular translative)
blueseikseni (plural translative)
bluesittani (abessive singular)
blueseittani (abessive plural)
blueseineni (comitative plural)
bluesisi (nominative singular)
bluesisi (nominative plural)
bluesisi (accusative nominative singular)
bluesisi (accusative nominative plural)
bluesisi (accusative genitive singular)
bluesisi (accusative genitive plural)
bluesisi (genitive singular)
bluesiesi (genitive plural)
bluesiasi (partitive singular)
bluesejasi (partitive plural)
bluesissasi (inessive singular)
blueseissasi (inessive plural)
bluesistasi (elative singular)
blueseistasi (elative plural)
bluesiisi (illative singular)
blueseihisi (illative plural)
bluesillasi (adessive singular)
blueseillasi (adessive plural)
bluesiltasi (ablative singular)
blueseiltasi (ablative plural)
bluesillesi (allative singular)
blueseillesi (allative plural)
bluesinasi (essive singular)
blueseinasi (essive plural)
bluesiksesi (singular translative)
blueseiksesi (plural translative)
bluesittasi (abessive singular)
blueseittasi (abessive plural)
blueseinesi (comitative plural)
bluesimme (nominative singular)
bluesimme (nominative plural)
bluesimme (accusative nominative singular)
bluesimme (accusative nominative plural)
bluesimme (accusative genitive singular)
bluesimme (accusative genitive plural)
bluesimme (genitive singular)
bluesiemme (genitive plural)
bluesiamme (partitive singular)
bluesejamme (partitive plural)
bluesissamme (inessive singular)
blueseissamme (inessive plural)
bluesistamme (elative singular)
blueseistamme (elative plural)
bluesiimme (illative singular)
blueseihimme (illative plural)
bluesillamme (adessive singular)
blueseillamme (adessive plural)
bluesiltamme (ablative singular)
blueseiltamme (ablative plural)
bluesillemme (allative singular)
blueseillemme (allative plural)
bluesinamme (essive singular)
blueseinamme (essive plural)
bluesiksemme (singular translative)
blueseiksemme (plural translative)
bluesittamme (abessive singular)
blueseittamme (abessive plural)
blueseinemme (comitative plural)
bluesinne (nominative singular)
bluesinne (nominative plural)
bluesinne (accusative nominative singular)
bluesinne (accusative nominative plural)
bluesinne (accusative genitive singular)
bluesinne (accusative genitive plural)
bluesinne (genitive singular)
bluesienne (genitive plural)
bluesianne (partitive singular)
bluesejanne (partitive plural)
bluesissanne (inessive singular)
blueseissanne (inessive plural)
bluesistanne (elative singular)
blueseistanne (elative plural)
bluesiinne (illative singular)
blueseihinne (illative plural)
bluesillanne (adessive singular)
blueseillanne (adessive plural)
bluesiltanne (ablative singular)
blueseiltanne (ablative plural)
bluesillenne (allative singular)
blueseillenne (allative plural)
bluesinanne (essive singular)
blueseinanne (essive plural)
bluesiksenne (singular translative)
blueseiksenne (plural translative)
bluesittanne (abessive singular)
blueseittanne (abessive plural)
blueseinenne (comitative plural)
bluesinsa (nominative singular)
bluesinsa (nominative plural)
bluesinsa (accusative nominative singular)
bluesinsa (accusative nominative plural)
bluesinsa (accusative genitive singular)
bluesinsa (accusative genitive plural)
bluesinsa (genitive singular)
bluesiensa (genitive plural)
bluesiaan (partitive singular)
bluesiansa (partitive singular)
bluesejaan (partitive plural)
bluesejansa (partitive plural)
bluesissaan (inessive singular)
bluesissansa (inessive singular)
blueseissaan (inessive plural)
blueseissansa (inessive plural)
bluesistaan (elative singular)
bluesistansa (elative singular)
blueseistaan (elative plural)
blueseistansa (elative plural)
bluesiinsa (illative singular)
blueseihinsa (illative plural)
bluesillaan (adessive singular)
bluesillansa (adessive singular)
blueseillaan (adessive plural)
blueseillansa (adessive plural)
bluesiltaan (ablative singular)
bluesiltansa (ablative singular)
blueseiltaan (ablative plural)
blueseiltansa (ablative plural)
bluesilleen (allative singular)
bluesillensa (allative singular)
blueseilleen (allative plural)
blueseillensa (allative plural)
bluesinaan (essive singular)
bluesinansa (essive singular)
blueseinaan (essive plural)
blueseinansa (essive plural)
bluesikseen (singular translative)
bluesiksensa (singular translative)
blueseikseen (plural translative)
blueseiksensa (plural translative)
bluesittaan (abessive singular)
bluesittansa (abessive singular)
blueseittaan (abessive plural)
blueseittansa (abessive plural)
blueseineen (comitative plural)
blueseinensa (comitative plural)


blues

bluesok (plural)
blues (nominative singular)
bluesok (nominative plural)
bluest (accusative singular)
bluesokat (accusative plural)
bluesnak (dative singular)
bluesoknak (dative plural)
blueszal (instrumental singular)
bluesokkal (instrumental plural)
bluesért (causal-final singular)
bluesokért (causal-final plural)
blueszá (singular translative)
bluesokká (plural translative)
bluesig (singular terminative)
bluesokig (plural terminative)
bluesként (essive-formal singular)
bluesokként (essive-formal plural)
bluesban (inessive singular)
bluesokban (inessive plural)
blueson (singular superessive)
bluesokon (plural superessive)
bluesnál (adessive singular)
bluesoknál (adessive plural)
bluesba (illative singular)
bluesokba (illative plural)
bluesra (singular sublative)
bluesokra (plural sublative)
blueshoz (allative singular)
bluesokhoz (allative plural)
bluesból (elative singular)
bluesokból (elative plural)
bluesról (delative singular)
bluesokról (delative plural)
bluestól (ablative singular)
bluesoktól (ablative plural)
bluesé (singular)
bluesoké (plural)
blueséi (singular)
bluesokéi (plural)
bluesom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
bluesaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
bluesod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
bluesaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
bluesa (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
bluesai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
bluesunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
bluesaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
bluesotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
bluesaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
bluesuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
bluesaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


blues

blues (nominative singular)
bluesy (nominative plural)
bluesa (genitive singular)
bluesów (genitive plural)
bluesowi (dative singular)
bluesom (dative plural)
bluesa (accusative singular)
bluesy (accusative plural)
bluesem (instrumental singular)
bluesami (instrumental plural)
bluesie (locative singular)
bluesach (locative plural)
bluesie (singular vocative)
bluesy (plural vocative)


blues

(music) blues (a musical genre of African American origin)


blues

bluesuri (plural)
blues (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
bluesul (accusative definite nominative singular)
bluesuri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
bluesurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
blues (indefinite singular)
bluesului (definite singular)
bluesuri (indefinite singular)
bluesurilor (definite plural)
bluesule (singular vocative)
bluesurilor (vocative)


blues

blues (canonical masculine plural)
blues (canonical masculine)


blues

blues (indefinite nominative singular)
blues (genitive indefinite singular)
bluesen (definite nominative singular)
bluesens (definite genitive singular)


blues scale

The blues scale:
{\set Staff.midiInstrument=#"alto sax" c'es'f'ges'g'bes'c2}

(music) A minor hexatonic scale originating in the American musical genre blues, consisting of tonic, minor third, fourth, diminished fifth, fifth, and minor seventh, in which notes, particularly the minor third, fourth, diminished fifth, and minor seventh may be bent. It can also be called the minor blues scale when distinguishing it from its only other functional mode the major blues scale.


delta blues

(music) A form of blues originating in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States, generally featuring minimal instrumentation and song structure.


popular music

en-noun

popular music (usually uncountable, plural popular musics)

(music) Any genre of music that has wide appeal amongst the general public of a society, typically distributed widely by the music industry; typically as seen in contrast to classical music and folk music.

مُوسِيقَى الْبُوب

genre that has wide appeal amongst the general public — see also pop music


crunk

Get Crunk, Who U Wit: Da Album
Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz
crunk
fusion genre

Attested in the Southern US since the late 1980s, originally in the sense of “rowdy, high energy out-of-control behavior by a crowd at Southern night clubs”. Popularized by its use in the fusion genre of crunk music in the 1990s and especially early 2000s. In this context, first used in music lyrics and notably popularized by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz, on their 1997 debut album Get Crunk, Who U Wit: Da Album. Various possible origins have been proposed:
* Blend of crazy + drunk “crazy drunk”.
* Blend of chronic (“marijuana”) + drunk “high on marijuana and drunk (on alcohol) at the same time”.
* From a dialectal past tense of crank.
See Crunk: etymology at Wikipedia for further information.
There is no evidence of any connection with Yiddish or German krank (“sick, ill”), nor that it entered the Southern Black vernacular through the presence of European Jewish immigrant shopkeepers in black neighborhoods in cities such as Atlanta. The phonetic similarity of the words is considered a coincidence.

2004, Crunk Classics [audio CD compilation title] http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00029RT1M/

As Houston rap became a national sensation, spinning off into the “crunk” scene, it was hard to believe that just ten years earlier, the only Texas rap acts of any note were Donald “The D.O.C.” Curry, the Dallasite who hooked up with Dr. Dre and the N.W.A. crew, and the Geto Boys, who set out to make West Coast gangstas come off like Young MC.

2005, Michael Joseph Corcoran, All Over the Map page 25

On Slanguistics, a special on the MTV2 cable network, Andre 3000 offered a succinct analogy for crunk. “What punk was to rock,” he explains, “crunk is to rap.”

2005, Tamara Palmer, Country Fried Soul, page 17:

Use a “crunk” song for his cell-phone ring.

2005, David Katz, Things a Man Should Never Do Past 30, page 27:

A type of hip hop that originated in the southern United States.


Merseybeat

The characteristic style of music produced by pop groups from Merseyside between 1958 and 1964, typified by the Beatles.


gospel

Borrowed from English gospel, from Middle English gospel, gospell, godspel, godspell, goddspell, from Old English godspell.


chutney

chutney (usually uncountable, plural chutneys)

→ French: chutney

→ Italian: chutney

→ Japanese: チャツネ

→ Portuguese: chutney

→ Spanish: chutney

→ Swedish: chutney

Borrowed from Hindustani चटनी (caṭnī) / چَٹْنِی (caṭnī).

(music) A style of Indo-Caribbean music from the West Indies, associated especially with Trinidad and Tobago.


jungle

jungle (countable and uncountable, plural jungles)

→ Catalan: jungla

→ Czech: džungle

→ Danish: jungle

→ Dutch: jungle

→ French: jungle
→ Romanian: junglă

desctree

→ German: Dschungel, Tschungel
→ Hungarian: dzsungel

→ Esperanto: ĝangalo

→ Italian: giungla

→ Japanese: ジャングル (janguru)

→ Korean: 정글 (jeonggeul)

→ Polish: dżungla

→ Russian: джу́нгли (džúngli)
→ Armenian: ջունգլի (ǰungli)
→ Georgian: ჯუნგლი (ǯungli)

→ Serbo-Croatian: džungla

→ Slovak: džungľa

→ Slovene: džungla

→ Spanish: jungla

→ Swedish: djungel

→ Ukrainian: джу́нглі (džúnhli)

→ Welsh: jyngl

/ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/

Borrowed from Hindustani جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal) / जंगल (jaṅgal), from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “arid, sterile, desert”). First appears c. 1776 in a translation by Nathaniel Halhed.

der

you can take the monkey out of the jungle, but you can't take the jungle out of the monkey

Always more multiracial than other post-Rave scenes, Hardcore got “blacker” as hiphop, Ragga, dub and Soul influences kicked in, and by 93 it had evolved into Jungle. By this point, Hardcore/Jungle (the terms remain interchangeable) was universally scorned by dance hipsters and banished from the media.

1994 September, Simon Reynolds, “Above The Treeline”, in The Wire:

In large part, happycore was the result of an exodus of white ravers from the jungle scene, in reaction to the influx of black youth and the attendant mood change from bonhomie to surliness.

2013, Simon Reynolds, Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture, page 291:

electronic dance music
electronic dance music

(music, uncountable) A style of electronic dance music and precursor of drum and bass.


eight-bar blues

en-noun

eight-bar blues (countable and uncountable, plural eight-bar blues)

(music) A blues form built on an eight-measure chord pattern, most typically I, I, IV, I, V7, IV, I, V7, where I, IV and V7 represent the tonic, subdominant and dominant seventh chords respectively.


twelve-bar blues

(music) A blues form built on a twelve-measure chord progression, most typically based around the tonic, subdominant and dominant seventh chords of a key.


rock and roll

/ˈɹɒk ən(d)ˈɹəʊl/

From rock (move back and forth) + and + roll; originally a verb phrase common among African Americans, meaning "to have sexual intercourse"; it was a euphemism that appeared in song titles since at least 1914 (Trixie Smith's "My Man Rocks Me With One Steady Roll").
As a name for a specific style of popular music from the early 1950s, popularized by disc jockey Alan Freed in reference to the euphemistic use in song titles.

rock-and-roll (alternative)
rock'n'roll (alternative)
rock 'n' roll (alternative)
rock n roll (alternative)
rock 'n roll (alternative)
rock-n-roll (alternative)
rock-'n'-roll (alternative)
rock & roll (alternative)

(music) A genre of popular music that evolved in the 1950s from a combination of rhythm and blues and country music, characterized by electric guitars, strong rhythms, and youth-oriented lyrics.


rock and roll

rock and roll (nominative singular)
rock and rolla (genitive singular)
rock and rollowi (dative singular)
rock and rolla (accusative singular)
rock and rollem (instrumental singular)
rock and rollu (locative singular)
rock and rollu (singular vocative)
rock'n'roll (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English rock and roll.

ubor

rock and roll (style of vigorous dancing associated with this genre of music)


rock and roll

/ˈʁɔ.kẽj̃ ˈʁow/

[ˈhɔ.kẽɪ̯̃ ˈhoʊ̯]

/ˈʁɔ.kẽj̃ ˈʁow/

[ˈhɔ.kẽɪ̯̃ ˈhoʊ̯]

/ˈʁɔ.kẽj̃ ˈʁow/

[ˈχɔ.kẽɪ̯̃ ˈχoʊ̯]

rock 'n' roll (alternative)
rock 'n roll (alternative)


filk

Originally "filk music" was a typo for "folk music" in a never-published essay on the influence of Science Fiction and Fantasy on folk music. Its first known deliberate use was by Karen Kruse Anderson in Die Zeitschrift für Vollständigen Unsinn (The Journal for Utter Nonsense) #774 (June 1953), for a song written by science-fiction author Poul Anderson.

The blame/credit (choose one) for the first filk song is a little dubious. Like the man who tried to sit on two stools, it falls in the middle, between Poul Anderson who wrote a filk song called Barbarous Allen and Karen Anderson who egged him on and published it in Zed #774.

1955 June, Karen Anderson, Poul Anderson (writing as "Petronius Arbiter Kingsley"), “Filk Song”, in Die Zeitschrift für Vollständigen Unsinn (aka The Zed), number 780, page 13:

And the permanent exhibit area offers a filk performance on a small stage so that neophytes can sample more esoteric interests.

2000, Camille Bacon-Smith, Science Fiction Culture, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 38:

2006, Robert T. Balder, quoted in Attitude 3: The New Subversive Online Cartoonists, Nantier Beall Minoustchine Publishing, →ISBN, page 97,
I’m also involved in what is called filk music. This is music for and by fans of Fantasy and Science Fiction. […] Filk is nearly as big a part of my creative life as comics, and I have similarly made many friends among the creative people in that community.

Music can be very important in fan texts and activities. Fans write and perform songs at gatherings about characters from television shows, not unlike the way that folk songs are sung in folk clubs. This can be seen in the name of this fan form: filk song. According to Jenkins [in Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture], filk songs take their cue from commercial culture. They are about the characters from commercial television series, but ‘Filk turns commercial culture back into folk culture, existing as a mediator between two musical traditions. Its raw materials come from commercial culture; its logic is from folk culture’ (1992: 270).

2007, Brian Longhurst, Popular Music and Society, Polity, →ISBN, page 236:

(music) About or inspired by science fiction, fantasy, horror, science, and/or subjects of interest to fans of speculative fiction; frequently, being a song whose lyrics have been altered to refer to science fiction; parodying. (However, much filk music is original rather than parodic.)


Americana

/əˌmɛɹɪˈkænə/

/əˌmɛɹɪˈkɑːnə/

/əˌmɛɹɪˈkeɪnə/

The music that became Americana crossed racial lines very early, becoming one of the major integrating forces in America. The chapter shows how artists such as Buddy Holly and the Everly Brothers were creating and playing Americana long before we had a name for what they were doing.

2017, Michael Scott Cain, The Americana Revolution, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page xxx:

A quarter-century later, the Band’s music provided a key template for the acts first labeled Americana, including Son Volt, Wilco and Lucinda Williams, as well as for their sonic heirs.

[2023 August 9, “Robbie Robertson, 80, Dies; Canadian Songwriter Captured American Spirit”, in The New York Times:

(music) An amalgam of roots musics formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the American musical ethos; specifically those sounds that are merged from folk, country, blues, rhythm and blues, rock and roll and other external influential styles.


trance

en-noun

trance (countable and uncountable, plural trances)

→ French: trance

From Middle English traunce, from Anglo-Norman transe (“fear of coming evil; passage from life to death”), from transir (“to be numb with fear; to die, pass on”), from Latin trānseō (“to cross over”).

der

(uncountable, music) Short for trance music (“genre of electronic dance music”).


trance

trance (nominative singular)
trancet (nominative plural)
trance (accusative nominative singular)
trancet (accusative nominative plural)
trancen (accusative genitive singular)
trancet (accusative genitive plural)
trancen (genitive singular)
trancejen (genitive plural)
trancein (genitive plural rare)
trancea (partitive singular)
tranceja (partitive plural)
trancessa (inessive singular)
tranceissa (inessive plural)
trancesta (elative singular)
tranceista (elative plural)
tranceen (illative singular)
tranceihin (illative plural)
trancella (adessive singular)
tranceilla (adessive plural)
trancelta (ablative singular)
tranceilta (ablative plural)
trancelle (allative singular)
tranceille (allative plural)
trancena (essive singular)
tranceina (essive plural)
tranceksi (singular translative)
tranceiksi (plural translative)
trancetta (abessive singular)
tranceitta (abessive plural)
trancein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
tranceni (nominative singular)
tranceni (nominative plural)
tranceni (accusative nominative singular)
tranceni (accusative nominative plural)
tranceni (accusative genitive singular)
tranceni (accusative genitive plural)
tranceni (genitive singular)
trancejeni (genitive plural)
tranceini (genitive plural rare)
tranceani (partitive singular)
trancejani (partitive plural)
trancessani (inessive singular)
tranceissani (inessive plural)
trancestani (elative singular)
tranceistani (elative plural)
tranceeni (illative singular)
tranceihini (illative plural)
trancellani (adessive singular)
tranceillani (adessive plural)
tranceltani (ablative singular)
tranceiltani (ablative plural)
trancelleni (allative singular)
tranceilleni (allative plural)
trancenani (essive singular)
tranceinani (essive plural)
trancekseni (singular translative)
tranceikseni (plural translative)
trancettani (abessive singular)
tranceittani (abessive plural)
tranceineni (comitative plural)
trancesi (nominative singular)
trancesi (nominative plural)
trancesi (accusative nominative singular)
trancesi (accusative nominative plural)
trancesi (accusative genitive singular)
trancesi (accusative genitive plural)
trancesi (genitive singular)
trancejesi (genitive plural)
tranceisi (genitive plural rare)
tranceasi (partitive singular)
trancejasi (partitive plural)
trancessasi (inessive singular)
tranceissasi (inessive plural)
trancestasi (elative singular)
tranceistasi (elative plural)
tranceesi (illative singular)
tranceihisi (illative plural)
trancellasi (adessive singular)
tranceillasi (adessive plural)
tranceltasi (ablative singular)
tranceiltasi (ablative plural)
trancellesi (allative singular)
tranceillesi (allative plural)
trancenasi (essive singular)
tranceinasi (essive plural)
tranceksesi (singular translative)
tranceiksesi (plural translative)
trancettasi (abessive singular)
tranceittasi (abessive plural)
tranceinesi (comitative plural)
trancemme (nominative singular)
trancemme (nominative plural)
trancemme (accusative nominative singular)
trancemme (accusative nominative plural)
trancemme (accusative genitive singular)
trancemme (accusative genitive plural)
trancemme (genitive singular)
trancejemme (genitive plural)
tranceimme (genitive plural rare)
tranceamme (partitive singular)
trancejamme (partitive plural)
trancessamme (inessive singular)
tranceissamme (inessive plural)
trancestamme (elative singular)
tranceistamme (elative plural)
tranceemme (illative singular)
tranceihimme (illative plural)
trancellamme (adessive singular)
tranceillamme (adessive plural)
tranceltamme (ablative singular)
tranceiltamme (ablative plural)
trancellemme (allative singular)
tranceillemme (allative plural)
trancenamme (essive singular)
tranceinamme (essive plural)
tranceksemme (singular translative)
tranceiksemme (plural translative)
trancettamme (abessive singular)
tranceittamme (abessive plural)
tranceinemme (comitative plural)
trancenne (nominative singular)
trancenne (nominative plural)
trancenne (accusative nominative singular)
trancenne (accusative nominative plural)
trancenne (accusative genitive singular)
trancenne (accusative genitive plural)
trancenne (genitive singular)
trancejenne (genitive plural)
tranceinne (genitive plural rare)
tranceanne (partitive singular)
trancejanne (partitive plural)
trancessanne (inessive singular)
tranceissanne (inessive plural)
trancestanne (elative singular)
tranceistanne (elative plural)
tranceenne (illative singular)
tranceihinne (illative plural)
trancellanne (adessive singular)
tranceillanne (adessive plural)
tranceltanne (ablative singular)
tranceiltanne (ablative plural)
trancellenne (allative singular)
tranceillenne (allative plural)
trancenanne (essive singular)
tranceinanne (essive plural)
tranceksenne (singular translative)
tranceiksenne (plural translative)
trancettanne (abessive singular)
tranceittanne (abessive plural)
tranceinenne (comitative plural)
trancensa (nominative singular)
trancensa (nominative plural)
trancensa (accusative nominative singular)
trancensa (accusative nominative plural)
trancensa (accusative genitive singular)
trancensa (accusative genitive plural)
trancensa (genitive singular)
trancejensa (genitive plural)
tranceinsa (genitive plural rare)
tranceaan (partitive singular)
tranceansa (partitive singular)
trancejaan (partitive plural)
trancejansa (partitive plural)
trancessaan (inessive singular)
trancessansa (inessive singular)
tranceissaan (inessive plural)
tranceissansa (inessive plural)
trancestaan (elative singular)
trancestansa (elative singular)
tranceistaan (elative plural)
tranceistansa (elative plural)
tranceensa (illative singular)
tranceihinsa (illative plural)
trancellaan (adessive singular)
trancellansa (adessive singular)
tranceillaan (adessive plural)
tranceillansa (adessive plural)
tranceltaan (ablative singular)
tranceltansa (ablative singular)
tranceiltaan (ablative plural)
tranceiltansa (ablative plural)
trancelleen (allative singular)
trancellensa (allative singular)
tranceilleen (allative plural)
tranceillensa (allative plural)
trancenaan (essive singular)
trancenansa (essive singular)
tranceinaan (essive plural)
tranceinansa (essive plural)
trancekseen (singular translative)
tranceksensa (singular translative)
tranceikseen (plural translative)
tranceiksensa (plural translative)
trancettaan (abessive singular)
trancettansa (abessive singular)
tranceittaan (abessive plural)
tranceittansa (abessive plural)
tranceineen (comitative plural)
tranceinensa (comitative plural)

trance (genre of electronic dance music)


trance

trance (nominative singular)
trance'u (genitive singular)
trance'owi (dative singular)
trance (accusative singular)
trance'em (instrumental singular)
transie (locative singular)
transie (singular vocative)


boogie

(informal, US) A piece of solid or semisolid mucus in or removed from the nostril cavity.


boogie

Come on girls, let's get on the dancefloor and have a boogie!

(informal) Any relatively energetic dance to pop or rock music.

(skydiving, informal) A large, organised skydiving event.


skiffle

The cats and the bats—and I hope you dig that one about the bats—played like mad in the backbeat 12, skiffling and skuffling , trying to get under the wire .

In Liverpool, the Quarrymen were one group of teenage Donegan admirers, but there were plenty of others: the Martinis, the Raving Texans, the Bluegenes and the Blackjacks—all skiffling their hearts out .

2012, Patrick Humphries, Lonnie Donegan and the Birth of British Rock & Roll:

They've been skiffling as we talked about in last chapter, and can now play a bit so their interests are broadening.

2021, Matt Haskins, What Time Are We On?:

A type of folk music, with jazz and blues influences, using homemade or improvised instruments.


twee pop

This belatedness is reflected in Kaya Oakes's suggestion that twee pop begins in the early 1990s, post-Nirvana[…]

2016, Pete Dale, Anyone Can Do It: Empowerment, Tradition and the Punk Underground, Routledge, →ISBN:

(music) A subgenre of indie pop music with simple melodies and lyrics, usually about love.


raga

en-noun

raga (countable and uncountable, plural ragas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “dye, colour”).

Coordinate term: ragini

‘The song is composed in a raga appropriate to the present hour, which is the evening.’

1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 72:

(countable, music) Any of various melodic forms used in Indian classical music, or a piece of music composed in such a form.

রাগ

melodic mode used in Indian classical music


cyberpunk

cyberpunk (countable and uncountable, plural cyberpunks)

From cyber- + -punk, coined by American writer and software developer Bruce Bethke as the title of a 1983 short story, and later popularized by Gardner Dozois.

coin

A more technologically elaborate current of microtonal music can be found at M.I.T and Berklee College of Music, where R. Boulanger works in exotic equal temperaments and non-octave scales (E₆₀ and the 13th root of 3, i.e. the Bohlen-Pierce scale) using the CSOUND acoustic compiler, the Mathews radio drum and various MIDI synthesizers; nearby, E. Mullen performs cyberpunk music in E₁₉ and the 13th root of 3.

2003, Jan Haluska, The Mathematical Theory of Tone Systems, →ISBN, page 109:

At Meredith we stayed up all night listening to doof doof cyberpunk music and I saw you cry for the first time, at four in the morning bottle of ice tea and vodka in hand I saw your real face and something changed.

2014, Gemma White, Furniture is Disappearing, →ISBN, page 41:

Indeed, 'Mindphaser' (and Tactical Neural Implant more generally) represents a high point of cyberpunk in the industrial music scene.

2017, Tristanne Connolly, Tomoyuki Iino, Canadian Music and American Culture: Get Away From Me, →ISBN, page 182:

(music, uncountable) A musical genre related to the punk movement that makes use of electronic sounds such as synthesizers.


folk

folk (nominative singular)
folku (genitive singular)
folkowi (dative singular)
folk (accusative singular)
folkiem (instrumental singular)
folku (locative singular)
folku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English folk (music), from Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁-.

folk music (contemporary music in traditional style)


folk

(music) folk music (contemporary music in traditional style)


vibe

en-verb

vibe (third-person singular simple present vibes, present participle vibing, simple past and past participle vibed)

vibes (present singular third-person)
vibing (participle present)
vibed (participle past)
vibed (past)

Apocopic form of vibration, vibrator, etc.

(transitive, colloquial, jazz) To treat (a fellow performer) in a condescending or insulting manner, typically during a performance or jam session, to signal to them that they are unsatisfactory.


polka

Via French and German from Czech polka, variant of půlka (“half”) as in "half-step"; see půl (“half”).


polka

→ Ottoman Turkish: پولقه (polka)

Turkish: polka


polka

poleczka (diminutive)
polka (nominative singular)
polki (nominative plural)
polki (genitive singular)
polek (genitive plural)
polce (dative singular)
polkom (dative plural)
polkę (accusative singular)
polki (accusative plural)
polką (instrumental singular)
polkami (instrumental plural)
polce (locative singular)
polkach (locative plural)
polko (singular vocative)
polki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Czech polka. Doublet of półka.


calypso

en-noun

calypso (countable and uncountable, plural calypsos or calypsoes)

Originally Trinidad English, an alteration of kaiso, perhaps ultimately of African origin; Allsopp 1996 suggests Ibibio ka iso (“come on”), used to urge dancers on. The spelling reflects a later folk-etymological assimilation with the mythological name Calypso.

'How you does live, Mr. Wordsworth?' I asked him one day.
He said, 'You mean how I get money?'
When I nodded, he laughed in a crooked way.
He said, 'I sing calypsoes in the calypso season.'
'And that last you the rest of the year?'
'It is enough.'

1959, V. S. Naipaul, “B. Wordsworth”, in Miguel Street

A style of Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago during the early to the mid-19th century and spread to the rest of the Caribbean Antilles and Venezuela by the mid-20th century. Its rhythms can be traced back to West African Kaiso and the arrival of French planters and their slaves from the French Antilles in the 18th century.


calypso

calypso (indefinite nominative singular)
calypsos (genitive indefinite singular)
calypson (definite nominative singular)
calypsons (definite genitive singular)
calypsor (indefinite nominative plural)
calypsors (genitive indefinite plural)
calypsorna (definite nominative plural)
calypsornas (definite genitive plural)

en glad calypso om våren


bossa nova

bossa nova (countable and uncountable, plural bossa novas)

/ˈbɒsə ˈnəʊvə/

From colloquial Brazilian Portuguese bossa (“inclination, propensity, trend”, literally “protuberance”) + nova (“new”).

bor

A genre of music originating from Brazil, similar to a fusion of jazz and samba music, no longer closely associated with the Brazilian dance.


bossa nova

bossa nova (nominative singular)
bossa novy (genitive singular)
bossa novie (dative singular)
bossa novę (accusative singular)
bossa novą (instrumental singular)
bossa novie (locative singular)
bossa novo (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Brazilian Portuguese bossa nova.


jazzy

nl-adj

jazzy (comparative jazzyer, superlative jazzyest)

jazzyer (comparative)
jazzyest (superlative)
jazzy (adverbial positive predicative)
jazzyer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het jazzyest (adverbial predicative superlative)
het jazzyeste (adverbial predicative superlative)
jazzy (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
jazzyere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
jazzyeste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
jazzy (indefinite neuter positive singular)
jazzyer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
jazzyeste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
jazzy (indefinite plural positive)
jazzyere (comparative indefinite plural)
jazzyeste (indefinite plural superlative)
jazzy (definite positive)
jazzyere (comparative definite)
jazzyeste (definite superlative)
jazzyers (comparative partitive)


fusion

Unadapted borrowing from English fusion, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fūsiōnem.


footwork

en-noun

footwork (usually uncountable, plural footworks)

In April, DJ Rashad, a Chicago-based producer and pioneer of the increasingly popular footwork genre, died in a drug-related accident.

2015 November 16, Sukhdev Sandhu, “How dub master Kode9 became the hero of zero”, in The Guardian:

(uncountable, music) A subgenre of juke/ghetto house and style of street dance that originated in Chicago in the early 1990s.


raï

From French raï, from Algerian Arabic راي (rāy, “opinion”), from Arabic رَأْي (raʔy, “opinion”).

Rai arrives in the US, in some ways, as the latest rage to hit the World Music record bins, the result of a new post-modern global marketing strategy.

1991 March-April, David McMurray and Ted Swedenburg, "Rai Tide Rising" in Middle East Report no. 169, page 39 http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0899-2851%28199103%2F04%29169%3C39%3ARTR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

1997: Karen Fog Olwig & Kirsten Hastrup, Siting Culture: The Shifting Anthropological Object — chapter 3: “Which world? On the diffusion of Algerian raï to the West” (by Marc Schade-Poulsen), p59: INTRODUCTION →ISBN (10); →ISBN (13))^†
This chapter deals with raï music from Algeria. Since its emergence in the late 1970s, raï has spread throughout the world and stands today as an exponent of “World Music”. The chapter traces a transnational process that has taken place in the 1980s: the diffusion of raï from the cabarets of Oran (the second largest city of Algeria) to the stereo racks in the West. It evokes the existence of different places and spaces for the consumption of raï.

In France, raï’s lack of commercial success was thought to have been caused by hidden French racism and the subsequent de facto absence of raï on commercial radio and prime-time television. All in all, it did seem difficult to “sell an Arab” to a Western audience, as was the case, for example, with Cheb Mami’s U.S.-recorded album “Let me raï”, released during the Gulf War.

1999: Marc Schade-Poulsen, Men and Popular Music in Algeria: The Social Significance of Raï, p34 →ISBN (10); →ISBN (13))

The rise of raï has paralleled the rise of Islamism in Algerian society, despite its mixing the male and female roles of musical production and consumption. Indeed, the paradox is at first glance perplexing because one might expect the critical message of raï to be anti-Islamist. The rhetoric of raï, however, does not contradict the rise of Islamism in Algeria, and therefore it acquires the potential to complement religious fundamentalism. Raï and Islam do not so much occupy the same space as draw a cluster of public discussions and debates about gender into the same discourse (Schade-Poulsen 1996, 148–53; compare Bohlman 2000, 293–96).

2003: Tullia Magrini, Music and Gender: Perspectives from the Mediterranean — chapter 14: “‘And She Sang a New Song’: Gender and Music on the Sacred Landscapes of the Mediterranean” (by Philip V. Bohlman), p333 →ISBN (10); →ISBN (13))

At least three conflicting varieties of Raï drifted in through the open doorway of the bus, blasting from cafés in the square.

2005, Jon Courtenay Grimwood, Pashazade, p33: §2:

A form of music, originating in Oran, Algeria from Bedouin shepherds.


raï

→ English: raï

→ German: Raï

Borrowed from Algerian Arabic راي (rāy, “opinion”), from Arabic رَأْي (raʔy, “opinion”).

bor+

(music) raï (form of music originating from Algeria)


hokum

en-noun

hokum (usually uncountable, plural hokums)

Uncertain; first attested as US theater slang, possibly a blend of hocus-pocus + bunkum.

[D]uring the 'twenties, jazz developed from an infrequent ‘hokum’ music in a few vaudeville acts to a household commodity.

1956, Marshall W[inslow] Stearns, “The Jazz Age Begins”, in The Story of Jazz, paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1970, →ISBN, page 153:

As a result a hybrid music, ‘hokum’, became popular. It owed much to ‘Georgia Tom’ Dorsey, Tampa Red and Big Bill Broonzy, and the first recordings in the idiom appeared around 1929. Many recordings by The Famous Hokum Boys, the Hokum Trio, The Hokum Boys and similar groups were recorded by 1930. Jokey, often bawdy, frequently satirical, they employed rural techniques in an urban setting, gently lampooning country ways through a city sophistication.

1985, Paul Oliver, “Black Music: ‘Sales Tax on It’: Race Records in the New Deal Years”, in Stephen W. Baskerville, Ralph Willett, editors, Nothing Else to Fear: New Perspectives on America in the Thirties, Manchester: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 210:

ES: That thing that you call double bow, I've heard many different names for it. / JG: Rockin' the bow. / ES: I've heard it called a straight shuffle. I've heard it called hocum. Have you ever heard it called hocum? / JG: Yeah, we call the jazz hocum. You see, anything away from the melody.

1990, The Devil’s Box, Madison, Ala.: Tennessee Valley Old Time Fiddlers’ Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 27:

Pianist [Thomas A.] Dorsey and guitarist Tampa Red popularized the double-entendre, up-tempo novelty blues style known as hokum blues that was a forerunner of the up-tempo rhythm and blues, whose similarly adult lyrics often had to be bowdlerized when covered by white singers for the white teen market in the 1950s.

2008, “R&B”, in Charles Reagan Wilson, general editor, Bill C. Malone, editors, Music, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 108:

Blues and hokum intertwined at least through the mid-1930s, when the hokum bands faded out. [...] Hokum was also absorbed into the jazz tradition.

2013, Larry Birnbaum, “The Jumpin’ Jive”, in Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock ’n’ Roll, Lanham, Md.: The Scarecrow Press, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 133:

(uncountable, music) A genre of blues song or music, often characterized by sexual innuendos or satire.


kecapi suling

Name of the instruments used, kecapi + suling.

Sundanese instrumental and improvisational form of music.


thrash

thrash (countable and uncountable, plural thrashes)

From Middle English thrasshen, a dialectal variant of thresshen, threshen (whence the modern English thresh), from Old English þrescan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną, whence also Old High German dreskan, Old Norse þreskja.

(music, uncountable) Ellipsis of thrash metal.


opera house

A theatre, or similar building, primarily used for staging opera.


mento

mento (countable and uncountable, plural mentos)

Musician who never meet before the journey entertain we with mento song.

2020, Paul Mendez, Rainbow Milk, Dialogue Books (2021), page 19:

a folk music genre of Jamaica, featuring acoustic instruments and voices.


freestyle

freestyle (countable and uncountable, plural freestyles)

freestyles (plural)
free-style (alternative)

自由式

sports event where competitors can choose their own method of participation

A not always visibly but nevertheless significantly Latin music, freestyle originated alongside hip-hop in the Bronx and achieved a quicker yet more fleeting commercial success. The style’s similarities to contemporaneous R&B and hi-NRG endeared it to pop radio programmers, […]

2012 March 2, Nick Minichino, “A Quick Primer On Freestyle: 1980s Dancepop's Most Underheralded Genre”, in The Village Voice:

Already a veteran DJ-producer on New York’s freestyle scene, 23-year-old Frankie Bones was flown to England for an Energy rave.

2012, Simon Reynolds, Energy Flash, Soft Skull Press, page 281:

(music) Ellipsis of Latin freestyle, a form of electronic dance music.


disko

Borrowed from English disco, clipping of discotheque, from French discothèque.


mainstream

pl-noun

mainstream m inan (related adjective mainstreamowy)

mainstreamowy (adjective)
mainstream (nominative singular)
mainstreamu (genitive singular)
mainstreamowi (dative singular)
mainstream (accusative singular)
mainstreamem (instrumental singular)
mainstreamie (locative singular)
mainstreamie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English mainstream.

ubor

(jazz) mainstream jazz (term coined in the 1950s by music journalist Stanley Dance, who considered anything within the popular jazz of the Swing Era "mainstream", and did not include the bebop style)


G-funk

Abbreviation of gangsta funk; also in imitation of P-Funk (“Parliament-Funkadelic”).

Man, I love sitting back and listening to some jived out G-funk!

The Chronic, and the other G-funk albums that followed, scandalized the civic engagement and racial ideals of gangsta's parent culture in several salient ways.

2004, Eithne Quinn, Nuthin' but a "G" Thang: The Culture and Commerce of Gangsta Rap, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 144:

(music) A kind of slow, melodic hip-hop music associated with California.


trot

From Middle English trotten, from Old French trotter, troter (“to go, trot”), from Medieval Latin *trottō, *trotō (“to go”), from Frankish *trottōn (“to go, run”), from Proto-Germanic *trudōną, *trudaną, *tradjaną (“to go, step, tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to run, escape”). Cognate with Old High German trottōn (“to run”), Modern German trotten (“to trot, plod”), Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (trudan, “to tread”), Old Norse troða (“to walk, tread”), Old English tredan (“to step, tread”). Doublet of tread.

der

(Australia, obsolete) A succession of heads thrown in a game of two-up.

He's got a bad case of the trots and has to keep running off to the toilet.


trot

Short for foxtrot, whose rhythms influenced the genre.

A genre of Korean pop music employing repetitive rhythm and vocal inflections.


ambient

en-adj

ambient (comparative more ambient, superlative most ambient)

more ambient (comparative)
most ambient (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-ambient.wav

From Latin ambiēns (“going around”), from ambiō (“go around”).

(music) Evoking or creating an atmosphere: atmospheric.

tunnelmallinen

(music) evoking or creating an atmosphere


ambient

en-noun

ambient (countable and uncountable, plural ambients)

→ Polish: ambient

It might be also, that attracted by that great void Vacuum ... all the ambients would be rarified, and particularly, the air.

1662 Thomas Salusbury, Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Dialogue 2)

(astrology) The atmosphere; the surrounding air or sky; atmospheric components collectively such as air, clouds, water vapour, hail, etc.

Ambient can be flabby synth mulch that needs to access cyberism and external philosophies to convince you you're not being scammed.

1996, SPIN, volume 12, number 3, page 116:

(uncountable, music) A type of modern music that creates a relaxing and peaceful atmosphere.


ambient

ambient (nominative singular)
ambientu (genitive singular)
ambientowi (dative singular)
ambient (accusative singular)
ambientem (instrumental singular)
ambiencie (locative singular)
ambiencie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English ambient. First attested in 1996.

ref

Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine], Wydawnictwo PWN

(music) ambient (type of modern music that creates a relaxing and peaceful atmosphere)


ambient

pl-adj

ambient (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

(relational, music) ambient (of or pertaining to the genre)


jitterbug

desctree

Japanese: ジルバ (jiruba)
Chinese: 吉魯巴／吉鲁巴 (jílǔbā)

/ˈd͡ʒɪtə(ɹ)bʌɡ/

From jitter + bug, after the 1934 Cab Calloway song Jitter Bug.


hip hop

hip hop (nominative singular)
hip hopu (genitive singular)
hip hopowi (dative singular)
hip hop (accusative singular)
hip hopem (instrumental singular)
hip hopie (locative singular)
hip hopie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English hip hop.


hip hop

Unadapted borrowing from English hip-hop.


garage

en-noun

garage (countable and uncountable, plural garages)

→ Assamese: গেৰেজ (gerez)

→ Bengali: গ্যারেজ (gêrej)

→ Hindi: गेराज (gerāj)

→ Irish: garáiste

→ Japanese: ガレージ, グラージ

→ Malay: garaj

→ Scottish Gaelic: garaids

→ Sinhalese: ගරාජ් (garāj)

→ Urdu: گیراج (gerāj)

/ˈɡæ.ɹɑː(d)ʒ/

Borrowed from French garage (“keeping under cover, protection, shelter”), derivative of French garer (“to keep under cover, dock, shunt, guard, keep”), from Middle French garer, garrer, guerrer; partly from Old French garir, warir (from Old Frankish *warjan); and partly from Old French varer (“to fight, defend oneself, protect”), from Old Norse varask (“to defend oneself”), reflexive of vara (“to ware, watch out, defend”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to defend, ward off”), *warōną (“to watch, protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).

der

(attributive, music) A type of guitar rock music, personified by amateur bands playing in the basement or garage; garage rock.

(British, music) A type of electronic dance music related to house music, with warped and time-stretched sounds; UK garage.


bubblegum

en-noun

bubblegum (countable and uncountable, plural bubblegums)

bubblegums (plural)
bubble gum (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bubblegum.wav

Born in the small town of Rockwood, east Tennessee, Carter’s bubblegum sound and mini-bad boy image made him the definitive millennium child star.

2022 November 6, Emma Garland, “Aaron Carter was the millennium’s bubblegum bad boy – and the victim of a rapacious music industry”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(music, sometimes derogatory) A type of pop music marked by sweetness, pep and charm (rather than depth or complexity).


acid house

First appears c. 1988, in the periodical New Musical Express. Likely a reference to acid (“LSD, psychedelic drugs”), influenced by earlier acid rock. See Acid House § Etymology.

Coordinate term: (precursor) Hi-NRG

Acid House, this year's underground musical phenomenon, had finally made it into the living rooms of Britain. A nation, encountering for the first time a new music, fashion, and cultural phenomenon, flew into another drug-obsessed moral panic.

1989 January, Sean O'Hagan, “Acid House”, in SPIN, SPIN Media LLC, page 64:

(music) A style of music from the early rave scene in the UK.


Britpop

A British alternative rock movement from the mid-1990s, characterised by influences from the 1960s and 1970s, catchy hooks, the glamour of earlier pop stardom, and the sense of creating a soundtrack to the lives of a new generation of British youth.


jarabe

Inherited from Old Spanish xarabe, borrowed from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb) via Andalusian Arabic. Doublet of sirope.

a form of traditional Mexican dance music


jota

Borrowed from Spanish jota (“jota”), from earlier xota, from Mozarabic *šáwta (“jump”), from Latin saltō (“to dance”).


groove

From Middle English grov, grove, groof, grofe (“cave; pit; mining shaft”), from Old English grōf (“trench, furrow, something dug”), from Proto-West Germanic *grōbu, from Proto-Germanic *grōbō (“groove, furrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, bury”). Cognate with Dutch groef, groeve (“groove; pit, grave”), German Grube (“ditch, pit”), Norwegian grov (“brook, riverbed”), Serbo-Croatian grèbati (“scratch, dig”). Directly descended from Old English grafan (“to dig”). More at grave.

der

You can't hide forever, just decide to make it better / Turn it into something good / Remember, you can choose not to lose / Find your groove and be a winner

1980, Earth, Wind & Fire (lyrics and music), “Turn It Into Something Good”, in Faces (Earth, Wind & Fire album):

How could he be expected to make music that put the audience in a groove, he reasoned, if he wasn't grooving himself?

2010, Jan Reid, Shawn Sahm, Texas Tornado: The Times and Music of Doug Sahm, page 57:

(dated, informal) A good feeling (often as in the groove).


New Age

en-adj

New Age (comparative more New Age, superlative most New Age)

more New Age (comparative)
most New Age (superlative)
new age (alternative)
new-age (alternative)

(music) Of or relating to New Age music.


New Age

new age (alternative)
new-age (alternative)


New Age music

New age music is a general term for a wide and eclectic range of music styles blended together under one label to form a new crossover style of music. It is also closely linked with a lifestyle that is broadly called new age, which centers on […]

2019, Janet Sturman, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture, SAGE Publications, →ISBN:

(music) A genre of music of a mystical and meditative nature, associated with New Age philosophies, usually in the style of world music and using the sounds of nature.


honky-tonk

en-noun

honky-tonk (countable and uncountable, plural honky-tonks)

honky-tonks (plural)
honky tonk (alternative)
honkytonk (alternative)

From honk-a-tonk (“a cheap nightclub”), possibly imitative.

(music, uncountable) A style of country music emphasizing traditional country instruments (e.g., guitar, steel guitar and fiddle); a rough, nasal vocal style; and tragic themes such as heartbreak, infidelity and alcoholism often associated with patrons of honky-tonks.


reggae

From Jamaican Creole rege (“rags; a quarrel”), see rag; originally used in the 1960s to describe a Jamaican dance. Compare ragtime. Broader musical sense popularized by the 1968 song "Do the Reggay".

der

I mean, the very name reggae. I mean, it wasn’t called reggae in the first place. It came from blue beat, just ska, you know? Ska and blue beat, the era, and then reggae. Because it was a dance, originally. And the DJs thought, “That’s a nice name,” and the kept saying “reggae music, reggae music” on the air all the time. “Reggae music, reggae music, the DJs on the radio. So everyone kept on saying “Reggae music”. They classed it as …(other Matumbi band members join in) Reggae.

1978, 05:35 from the start, in Wolfgang Büld, director, Reggae In a Babylon (film (documentary)), spoken by Dennis Bovell (as himself, a member of the band Matumbi):

(Rastafari, music) A music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies.


reggae

reggae (nominative singular)
reggaet (nominative plural)
reggae (accusative nominative singular)
reggaet (accusative nominative plural)
reggaen (accusative genitive singular)
reggaet (accusative genitive plural)
reggaen (genitive singular)
reggaeiden (genitive plural)
reggaeitten (genitive plural)
reggaetä (partitive singular)
reggaeitä (partitive plural)
reggaessä (inessive singular)
reggaeissä (inessive plural)
reggaestä (elative singular)
reggaeistä (elative plural)
reggaehen (illative singular)
reggaehin (illative singular)
reggaeihin (illative plural)
reggaellä (adessive singular)
reggaeillä (adessive plural)
reggaeltä (ablative singular)
reggaeiltä (ablative plural)
reggaelle (allative singular)
reggaeille (allative plural)
reggaenä (essive singular)
reggaeinä (essive plural)
reggaeksi (singular translative)
reggaeiksi (plural translative)
reggaettä (abessive singular)
reggaeittä (abessive plural)
reggaein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
reggaeni (nominative singular)
reggaeni (nominative plural)
reggaeni (accusative nominative singular)
reggaeni (accusative nominative plural)
reggaeni (accusative genitive singular)
reggaeni (accusative genitive plural)
reggaeni (genitive singular)
reggaeideni (genitive plural)
reggaeitteni (genitive plural)
reggaetäni (partitive singular)
reggaeitäni (partitive plural)
reggaessäni (inessive singular)
reggaeissäni (inessive plural)
reggaestäni (elative singular)
reggaeistäni (elative plural)
reggaeheni (illative singular)
reggaehini (illative singular)
reggaeihini (illative plural)
reggaelläni (adessive singular)
reggaeilläni (adessive plural)
reggaeltäni (ablative singular)
reggaeiltäni (ablative plural)
reggaelleni (allative singular)
reggaeilleni (allative plural)
reggaenäni (essive singular)
reggaeinäni (essive plural)
reggaekseni (singular translative)
reggaeikseni (plural translative)
reggaettäni (abessive singular)
reggaeittäni (abessive plural)
reggaeineni (comitative plural)
reggaesi (nominative singular)
reggaesi (nominative plural)
reggaesi (accusative nominative singular)
reggaesi (accusative nominative plural)
reggaesi (accusative genitive singular)
reggaesi (accusative genitive plural)
reggaesi (genitive singular)
reggaeidesi (genitive plural)
reggaeittesi (genitive plural)
reggaetäsi (partitive singular)
reggaeitäsi (partitive plural)
reggaessäsi (inessive singular)
reggaeissäsi (inessive plural)
reggaestäsi (elative singular)
reggaeistäsi (elative plural)
reggaehesi (illative singular)
reggaehisi (illative singular)
reggaeihisi (illative plural)
reggaelläsi (adessive singular)
reggaeilläsi (adessive plural)
reggaeltäsi (ablative singular)
reggaeiltäsi (ablative plural)
reggaellesi (allative singular)
reggaeillesi (allative plural)
reggaenäsi (essive singular)
reggaeinäsi (essive plural)
reggaeksesi (singular translative)
reggaeiksesi (plural translative)
reggaettäsi (abessive singular)
reggaeittäsi (abessive plural)
reggaeinesi (comitative plural)
reggaemme (nominative singular)
reggaemme (nominative plural)
reggaemme (accusative nominative singular)
reggaemme (accusative nominative plural)
reggaemme (accusative genitive singular)
reggaemme (accusative genitive plural)
reggaemme (genitive singular)
reggaeidemme (genitive plural)
reggaeittemme (genitive plural)
reggaetämme (partitive singular)
reggaeitämme (partitive plural)
reggaessämme (inessive singular)
reggaeissämme (inessive plural)
reggaestämme (elative singular)
reggaeistämme (elative plural)
reggaehemme (illative singular)
reggaehimme (illative singular)
reggaeihimme (illative plural)
reggaellämme (adessive singular)
reggaeillämme (adessive plural)
reggaeltämme (ablative singular)
reggaeiltämme (ablative plural)
reggaellemme (allative singular)
reggaeillemme (allative plural)
reggaenämme (essive singular)
reggaeinämme (essive plural)
reggaeksemme (singular translative)
reggaeiksemme (plural translative)
reggaettämme (abessive singular)
reggaeittämme (abessive plural)
reggaeinemme (comitative plural)
reggaenne (nominative singular)
reggaenne (nominative plural)
reggaenne (accusative nominative singular)
reggaenne (accusative nominative plural)
reggaenne (accusative genitive singular)
reggaenne (accusative genitive plural)
reggaenne (genitive singular)
reggaeidenne (genitive plural)
reggaeittenne (genitive plural)
reggaetänne (partitive singular)
reggaeitänne (partitive plural)
reggaessänne (inessive singular)
reggaeissänne (inessive plural)
reggaestänne (elative singular)
reggaeistänne (elative plural)
reggaehenne (illative singular)
reggaehinne (illative singular)
reggaeihinne (illative plural)
reggaellänne (adessive singular)
reggaeillänne (adessive plural)
reggaeltänne (ablative singular)
reggaeiltänne (ablative plural)
reggaellenne (allative singular)
reggaeillenne (allative plural)
reggaenänne (essive singular)
reggaeinänne (essive plural)
reggaeksenne (singular translative)
reggaeiksenne (plural translative)
reggaettänne (abessive singular)
reggaeittänne (abessive plural)
reggaeinenne (comitative plural)
reggaensä (nominative singular)
reggaensä (nominative plural)
reggaensä (accusative nominative singular)
reggaensä (accusative nominative plural)
reggaensä (accusative genitive singular)
reggaensä (accusative genitive plural)
reggaensä (genitive singular)
reggaeidensä (genitive plural)
reggaeittensä (genitive plural)
reggaetään (partitive singular)
reggaetänsä (partitive singular)
reggaeitään (partitive plural)
reggaeitänsä (partitive plural)
reggaessään (inessive singular)
reggaessänsä (inessive singular)
reggaeissään (inessive plural)
reggaeissänsä (inessive plural)
reggaestään (elative singular)
reggaestänsä (elative singular)
reggaeistään (elative plural)
reggaeistänsä (elative plural)
reggaehensä (illative singular)
reggaehinsä (illative singular)
reggaeihinsä (illative plural)
reggaellään (adessive singular)
reggaellänsä (adessive singular)
reggaeillään (adessive plural)
reggaeillänsä (adessive plural)
reggaeltään (ablative singular)
reggaeltänsä (ablative singular)
reggaeiltään (ablative plural)
reggaeiltänsä (ablative plural)
reggaelleen (allative singular)
reggaellensä (allative singular)
reggaeilleen (allative plural)
reggaeillensä (allative plural)
reggaenään (essive singular)
reggaenänsä (essive singular)
reggaeinään (essive plural)
reggaeinänsä (essive plural)
reggaekseen (singular translative)
reggaeksensä (singular translative)
reggaeikseen (plural translative)
reggaeiksensä (plural translative)
reggaettään (abessive singular)
reggaettänsä (abessive singular)
reggaeittään (abessive plural)
reggaeittänsä (abessive plural)
reggaeineen (comitative plural)
reggaeinensä (comitative plural)


reggae

From Jamaican Creole rege (“rags; a quarrel”), see rag.


reggae

pl-noun

reggae n (indeclinable, related adjective reggae'owy or reggaeowy)

reggae'owy (adjective)
reggaeowy (adjective)

Unadapted borrowing from English reggae.

reggae (music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies)


reggae

(music) reggae (a music genre from Jamaica)


Hymne

Hymne (genitive)
Hymnen (plural)
Hymne (nominative singular)
Hymnen (definite nominative plural)
Hymne (genitive singular)
Hymnen (definite genitive plural)
Hymne (dative singular)
Hymnen (dative definite plural)
Hymne (accusative singular)
Hymnen (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin hymnus, from Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos).


Metal

de-noun

Metal m (strong, genitive Metals or Metal, no plural)

Metals (genitive)
Metal (genitive)
Metal (nominative singular)
Metals (genitive singular)
Metal (genitive singular)
Metal (dative singular)
Metal (accusative singular)


Pop

Pop m (strong, genitive Pops or Pop, no plural)

Pops (genitive)
Pop (genitive)
Pop (nominative singular)
Pops (genitive singular)
Pop (genitive singular)
Pop (dative singular)
Pop (accusative singular)


Punk

Punk m (strong, genitive Punks or Punk, plural Punks)

Punks (genitive)
Punk (genitive)
Punks (plural)
Punk (nominative singular)
Punks (definite nominative plural)
Punks (genitive singular)
Punk (genitive singular)
Punks (definite genitive plural)
Punk (dative singular)
Punks (dative definite plural)
Punk (accusative singular)
Punks (accusative definite plural)


Reggae

Reggae m (strong, genitive Reggaes or Reggae, no plural)

Reggaes (genitive)
Reggae (genitive)
Reggae (nominative singular)
Reggaes (genitive singular)
Reggae (genitive singular)
Reggae (dative singular)
Reggae (accusative singular)


Rock

Rock m (strong, genitive Rockes or Rocks, plural Röcke, diminutive Röckchen n or Röcklein n)

Rockes (genitive)
Rocks (genitive)
Röcke (plural)
Röckchen (diminutive neuter)
Röcklein (diminutive neuter)
Rock (nominative singular)
Röcke (definite nominative plural)
Rockes (genitive singular)
Rocks (genitive singular)
Röcke (definite genitive plural)
Rock (dative singular)
Rocke (dative singular)
Röcken (dative definite plural)
Rock (accusative singular)
Röcke (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German roc, from Old High German roc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrokk, from Proto-Germanic *hrukkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *ruk-, *rug-, *ruǵ- (“to spin”); or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”). Doublet of Frack.


Soul

Soul m (strong, genitive Soul or Souls, plural Soul)

Soul (genitive)
Souls (genitive)
Soul (plural)
Soul (nominative singular)
Soul (definite nominative plural)
Soul (genitive singular)
Souls (genitive singular)
Soul (definite genitive plural)
Soul (dative singular)
Soul (dative definite plural)
Soul (accusative singular)
Soul (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from English soul, from Middle English, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”). Doublet of Seele.


Suomi

(music) A freeform variation of psytrance music said to originate in Finland, where it is called suomisaundi.


Trance

de-noun

Trance f (genitive Trance, plural Trancen)

Trance (genitive)
Trancen (plural)
Trance (nominative singular)
Trancen (definite nominative plural)
Trance (genitive singular)
Trancen (definite genitive plural)
Trance (dative singular)
Trancen (dative definite plural)
Trance (accusative singular)
Trancen (accusative definite plural)

Unadapted borrowing from English trance.


punk rock

See punk + rock. First attested in 1970 in reference to rockabilly; possibly coined in its current sense by American music critic Dave Marsh in the May 1971 issue of Creem, from earlier punk music.

(music) A genre of rock music associated with short, loud, energetic songs played on electric guitars and drums and employing angry, offensive, and/or political lyrics.


EDM

en-noun

EDM (countable and uncountable, plural EDMs)

But musical ancestry aside, the influence to which [Justin] Bieber is most beholden is the current trends in pop music, which means Believe is loaded up with EDM accouterments, seeking a comfortable middle ground where Bieber’s impressively refined pop-R&B croon can rub up on techno blasts and garish dubstep drops (and occasionally grind on some AutoTune, not necessarily because it needs it, but because a certain amount of robo-voice is expected these days).

2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2020-08-06:

electronic dance music
electronic dance music#English

(music) Initialism of electronic dance music.


zydeco

zarico (alternative)
zodico (alternative)

/ˈzaɪdɪˌkəʊ/

From Louisiana Creole zydéco, compare French zarico; possibly from a metanalysis of French les haricots (“beans”) as French le zarico (“beans”) in a dance-tune title.

Sunpie—in real life, a park ranger and an accordionist who leads a good zydeco band—taunted Harrison […].

2008, Ned Sublette, The World That Made New Orleans, Lawrence Hill Books, published 2009, page 307:

A form of Louisiana Creole music, characteristically performed by accordion and washboard bands, that combines Cajun and Creole roots music with elements of African American music.


grunge

Alice liked to wear plaids and ripped jeans, and listen to grunge.

(music) A subgenre of alternative rock, originating from Seattle, Washington, which melds punk and metal.


grunge

pl-noun

grunge m inan (related adjective grunge'owy)

grunge'owy (adjective)
grunge (nominative singular)
grunge'u (genitive singular)
grunge'owi (dative singular)
grunge (accusative singular)
grunge'em (instrumental singular)
grunge'u (locative singular)
grunge'u (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English grunge.

grunge (subgenre of alternative rock, originating from Seattle, Washington, which melds punk and metal)


songo

A kind of contemporary Cuban music originating in Havana.


post-rock

From post- + rock. Coined by Simon Reynolds in issue 123 of The Wire (May 1994).

post rock (alternative)
postrock (alternative)

(music) A genre of music which uses rock instrumentation for songs with gradually unfolding structures that depend more on ambience and timbre than melody.


passacaglia

en-noun

passacaglia (countable and uncountable, plural passacaglias)

passacaglias (plural)
passacaille (alternative)
passecaille (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian passacaglia, from Spanish pasacalle, from pasar (“to pass”) + calle (“street”).

(music) A form of historical Spanish or Italian dance characterised by a serious nature, triple metre, and use of a ground bass.


passacaglia

passacaglie (plural)
passacaglio (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish pasacalle, from pasar (“to pass”) + calle (“street”).

(music) passacaglia (historical Spanish dance)


tambourine

From French tambourin (“little drum”), from French tambour (“drum”). Ultimately from Arabic طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr); see it and Persian تنبور for more.

A percussion instrument consisting of a small, usually wooden, hoop closed on one side with a drum frame and featuring jingling metal disks on the tread; it is most often held in the hand and shaken rhythmically; by extension, any frame drum.

Tambourines are shy birds and do not tame easily.


techno

(music) A repetitive style of music originally produced for use in a continuous DJ set. The central rhythmic component is most often in common time (4/4), where time is marked with a bass drum on each quarter note pulse, a backbeat played by snare or clap on the second and fourth pulses of the bar, and an open hi-hat sounding every second eighth note.


new jack swing

(music) A variety of swingbeat dance music combining elements of rhythm and blues, soul music, hip hop and rap.


R & B

rhythm and blues
rhythm and blues#English


rhythm and blues

First use appears c. 1924, in Billboard, replacing earlier race music.

(music) A style of music combining elements of jazz and blues, with syncopated rhythms and a strong backbeat, originating among African Americans in the 1940s.


dance music

From all sides her gift for playing the piano was insisted upon, and she had to consent. As very soon she had played the only pieces of dance music she could remember, she went on to play an air from a sonata by Mozart.

1915, Virginia Woolf, chapter XII, in The Voyage Out, London: Duckworth & Co., […], →OCLC:

In the bar in which Strickland and Nichols sat a mechanical piano was loudly grinding out dance music.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XLVII, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

Music composed to accompany social dancing.

musique entraînante

music composed to accompany social dancing


ballet music

Piano and drums make for very good ballet music!

(music) Music composed primarily to accompany a ballet performance


soul music

(music) A genre of music that originated in black American gospel, characterized by the use of secular lyrics, and an earthy, intensely emotional style.


gospel music

gospel music (usually uncountable, plural gospel musics)

(music) A type of Christian music genre that is a cornerstone of the Christian media that originated amongst African-Americans based on the folk music melodies with the addition of elements of spirituals and jazz.


negro spiritual

negro spiritual (plural negro spirituals)

(music) A genre of African American song, usually with a Christian text, and sung a cappella with no harmony; it developed into gospel music.


folk music

folk music (usually uncountable, plural folk musics)

Any contemporary music in the style of traditional folk music, especially a specific genre of originally American popular music that draws on Anglo-American musical forms.


gamelan

gamelan (countable and uncountable, plural gamelans)

/ˈɡæ.məˌlæn/

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan), from Old Javanese gamelan.

(music) A genre of music of Indonesian origin typically featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs and a bamboo flute (called a suling).


zouk

From French secouer (“to shake up”), via creole.

From 6:30 to 8:30 p.m., Brooklyn’s own ReggaeLution band will perform, and at 9, D.J. Lumumba (a k a Revolution) will preside over an inclusive Caribbean dance party, from bachata to zouk and back again.

2007 August 3, The New York Times, “Dance Listings”, in New York Times:

(music) A style of dance music originating in the French Antilles, combining Latin American, African and Western disco rhythms; a dance to this music


rege

Borrowed from English reggae, from Jamaican Creole rege (“rags; a quarrel”).

der

(music) reggae (a music genre from Jamaica)


impressionism

en-noun

impressionism (countable and uncountable, plural impressionisms)

(music) A style that avoided traditional harmony, and sought to invoke the impressions of the composer.


bop

en-verb

bop (third-person singular simple present bops, present participle bopping, simple past and past participle bopped)

bops (present singular third-person)
bopping (participle present)
bopped (participle past)
bopped (past)

onom

Imitative

“Better him than me,” I said while my mother fluttered her blue eyes at me and bopped me on the nose with a wooden spoon.

(colloquial, transitive) To strike gently or playfully.


bop

en-noun

bop (countable and uncountable, plural bops)

That grand wild sound of bop floated from beer parlors; it mixed medleys with every kind of cowboy and boogie-woogie in the American night.

1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 13, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC:

(uncountable, music) A style of improvised jazz from the 1940s.

[…] their first kiss during the school bop, with Paul Weller singing “You're the Best Thing” and everything tingling from her toes up […]

2012, Barbara Claypole White, The Unfinished Garden, page 308:

(countable) A casual party with dancing; a disco.

Theatres; Music House used for bands; May Ball; very popular weekly bops in JCR and MCR; library (57,000 books); 40 networked PCs, 24-hrs.

2005, Johnny Rich, Push Guide to Which University, page 472:

At universities like Oxford, middle-class students hold 'chav bops' where they dress up as this working-class caricature.

2012, Owen Jones, Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class, page 120:

(countable, Oxbridge slang) A party hosted by a college's JCR or MCR.


bop

Variant of whop (“to move around quickly with an impact”) and bob (“to move gently vertically”) as well as from the dances above interpreted as a manner of locomotion.

"I bopped down to take Charlie out for a surprise lunch, but he's out at the warehouse doing something with somebody or something. So I'm letting you take me to lunch."

2011, S. E. Finken, Near Misses, page 199:

I'm just bopping, give a fuck who's in the place

2019 July 31, “Taste (Make It Shake)”, Aitch (lyrics):

(informal, ambitransitive) To walk casually; to stroll.


bop

(slang, offensive) A promiscuous woman, especially in the context of having a high body count or giving fellatio to many men.


bop

bop (indefinite nominative singular)
bops (genitive indefinite singular)
bopen (definite nominative singular)
bopens (definite genitive singular)


klezmer

klezmer (countable and uncountable, plural klezmers or klezmorim)

Borrowed from Yiddish קלעזמער (klezmer), from Hebrew כְּלֵי זֶמֶר (kléy zémer, “musical instruments”).

der

כְּלֵי זֶמֶר

(music, uncountable) A type of popular Jewish folk music especially associated with Ashkenazi cultures.


bluegrass

From the band Blue Grass Boys, led by Bill Monroe; bluegrass is first attested in print in reference to the genre of music in 1956.

(music, uncountable) A subgenre of country music with roots in Scots-Irish Appalachian folk music, blues, and jazz and characterized by banjos, fiddles, acoustic guitars, dobros, and mandolins; but containing no drums, electric guitars, pianos or other keyboard or wind instruments.


bluegrass

Unadapted borrowing from English bluegrass.


jingle

/ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡ(ə)l/

The verb, which is older than the noun, is from Middle English gyngle. Onomatopoeic; compare jangle.

Her tambourine didn't come with any jingles attached.

(music) A small piece of metal attached to a musical instrument, such as a tambourine, so as to make a jangling sound when the instrument is played.


oom-pah

Onomatopoeia of the sound and rhythm of German folk music. Doublet of humppa.

oom-pa (alternative)
oompa (alternative)
oompah (alternative)

(music) A genre of Germanic music (especially Bavarian music) typically involving brass instruments.


wonky

From English dialectal wanky, alteration of Middle English wankel (“unstable, shaky”), from Old English wancol (“unstable”), from Proto-West Germanic *wankul (“swaying, shaky, unstable”).

inh

By the late 2000s, dubstep had splintered into numerous factions, from brostep to wonky to the evocative “purple,” […]

2015, Jan Kyrre Berg O. Friis, Robert P. Crease, Technoscience and Postphenomenology: The Manhattan Papers:

(music) A subgenre of electronic music employing unstable rhythms, complex time signatures, and mid-range synths.


heavy metal

en-noun

heavy metal (countable and uncountable, plural heavy metals)

Lester Bangs
Mike Saunders
Sandy Pearlman
William S. Burroughs

According to the Oxford World's Classics edition of Anthony Trollope's Rachel Ray (1863), "big guns," as on a warship.
The origin of the music genre sense is often disputed; it was used by William S. Burroughs in Soft Machine and Nova Express and various music critics claim to have coined it: Sandy Pearlman, Lester Bangs and Mike Saunders.

(music, uncountable) A genre descended from rock music, characterized by the use of emphatic drumbeats, highly amplified distortion, and overall loudness; often featuring extended instrumental solos and powerful vocals.


heavy metal

pl-noun

heavy metal m inan (related adjective heavymetalowy)

heavymetalowy (adjective)
heavy metal (nominative singular)
heavy metalu (genitive singular)
heavy metalowi (dative singular)
heavy metal (accusative singular)
heavy metalem (instrumental singular)
heavy metalu (locative singular)
heavy metalu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English heavy metal.


heavy metal

[ˈɛ.βi ˈmɛ.tɐɫ]

(music) heavy metal (genre of rock music)


house music

Probably from The Warehouse, a nightclub in Chicago, Illinois, USA, where the music became popular around 1985.

Gotta have house music, all night long / With that house music, you can't go wrong / Give me that house music, set me free

1986, Marshall Jefferson (lyrics and music), “Move Your Body”:

House is an uncontrollable desire to jack your body / And, as I told you before, this is our house and our house music

1987, “My House”, Chuck Roberts (lyrics), performed by Rhythm Controll:

Corrugated-steel ceilings, a dozen blue-felted pool tables and DJ house music Thursday to Saturday.

2007, Danny Palmerlee, South America on a Shoestring, page 66:

(music) A particular type of electronic dance music with an uptempo beat and recurring kickdrum.


gangsta rap

en-noun

gangsta rap (countable and uncountable, plural gangsta raps)

(music) A subgenre of hip-hop music associated with urban street gangs and characterized by a focus on lyrics about crime, urban life, and materialistic excess.


gabber

gabber (countable and uncountable, plural gabbers)

Borrowed from Dutch gabber (literally “friend”), from Yiddish חבֿר (khaver). Doublet of chaver.

This, in turn, birthed all kinds of mainly regional variations that have lasted from the 90s to today, most notably gabber—a relentless mix of superfast BPMS, distorted kickdrums and roared vocals that evoked the distilled nihilism of Rotterdam skinheads.

2020 January 10, Joe Muggs, “Gabber: return of dance music’s gloriously tasteless subgenre”, in The Guardian:

(uncountable, music) A subgenre of hardcore techno characterised by an intense, distorted kick sound and controversial lyrics or samples.


gabber

nl-noun

gabber m (plural gabbers, diminutive gabbertje n)

gabbers (plural)
gabbertje (diminutive neuter)

→ English: gabber

→ German: Gabber

Borrowed from Yiddish חבֿר (khaver, “friend”), from Hebrew חָבֵר (khavér, “friend”).


sarabande

sarabandes (plural)
saraband (alternative)
sarabrand (alternative)
zarabanda (alternative)

Borrowed from French sarabande, from Spanish zarabanda.

(music) The music for either of these dances.


chanson

Unadapted borrowing from French chanson f. Doublet of canção f.

ubor

(music) chanson (traditional French song)


ghetto house

(music) A style of house music from Chicago, featuring drum machines and sometimes sexually explicit lyrics.


Christmas carol

en-noun

Christmas carol (plural Christmas carols)

So also when he was born into the World, the holy Angels came down to sing his Christmas Carol, and at once to proclaim and celebrate his Nativity.

(music) A carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas.

تَرْنِيمة عِيد اَلْمِيلَاد

hymn whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas


boogie-woogie

boogie-woogie (countable and uncountable, plural boogie-woogies)

/ˌbʊɡiˈwʊɡi/

Reduplication of boogie (“party”), of unknown origin.


fado

eo-head

fado (accusative singular fadon, plural fadoj, accusative plural fadojn)

fadon (accusative singular)
fadoj (plural)
fadojn (accusative plural)

(music, uncountable) fado (genre of Portuguese folk music)


fado

Inherited from Latin fātum (“destiny, fate”).

inh+

O fado é um estilo musical português.


chops

From the plural of chop (“jaw, side of a harbour”). The jazz slang sense “musical ability” is a reference to the use of the lips to blow instruments.

Although the bass player had no experience playing in New Orleans, the crowd's enthusiastic response showed that he had the chops to make it in the very particular Crescent City jazz scene.

Recently, I have taken up the double bass again, but because time and neglect erode ability, calluses turn soft, and muscle memory fades, I need to woodshed (practice) to get back into shape and build up my chops.

1999 June, Al Stevens, “Jukebox: Covering the Basses”, in Dr. Dobb's Journal, volume 24, number 6, San Francisco, Calif.: Miller Freeman, Inc., →ISSN, page 115:

(originally US jazz slang) One's skill at musical interpretation and delivery; musical performance ability.


aak

Borrowed from Korean 아악(雅樂) (aak). Doublet of gagaku and yayue.


ritornello

en-noun

ritornello (plural ritornellos or ritornelli)

ritornellos (plural)
ritornelli (plural)
ritornel (alternative)
ritornell (alternative)
ritornelle (alternative)

Italian ritornello, diminutive of ritorno (“return”), from ritornare (“to return”): compare French ritournelle.

(music) A recurring tutti passage in Baroque music for orchestra or chorus.


doo-wop

Coined by DJ Gus Gossert in the 1970s, referring to (mostly) white rock-and-roll groups of the late 1950s and early 1960s. The name is onomatopoeic, representing the nonlexical backing vocals of some songs of the genre.

doowop (alternative)
doo wop (alternative)

The R&B groups possessed a grittiness and soulful earnestness that was soon to be emulated by street-corner doo-wop groups, some of whom would achieve commercial success with instrumentally arranged hit records.

2016, Lawrence Pitilli, Doo-Wop Acappella, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 27:

A style of vocal-based rhythm and blues music that was mostly popular within Black Americans of African descent in the mid-1950s to the early 1960s that is best characterized by nonsensical backing vocals with very little to no instrumentation.


dancehall

dancehall (countable and uncountable, plural dancehalls)

dancehalls (plural)
dance hall (alternative)
dance-hall (alternative)

→ Japanese: ダンスホール (dansuhōru)

It sounded Jamaican to me, a form of dancehall, and […] I wandered over and watched the dancing.

2016, Zadie Smith, Swing Time, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 271:

(uncountable, music) A genre of Jamaican dance music derived from dub and reggae.


cakewalk

From cake + walk. Originally an African-American form of dance and music that developed after the Civil War, later popularised by minstrel shows. It was danced at social events, with the best dancers often receiving cake as a prize. It derives from dance competitions by plantation slaves in which the style of dance lampooned the ballroom dances of the slaveowners. Slaveowners seem to have found the competitions entertaining and the habit of offering cake may originate from this period. The name is sometimes also applied to the dance's precursor on the plantations. Doing the cakewalk well required virtuosity, and a major esthetic aspect of that virtuosity was the apparent ease with which the dance was performed. This gave rise to the idiom as easy as a cakewalk, which in turn led to the sense of cakewalk as something that is easy.
See the linked Wikipedia article for more.

(music) The style of music associated with such a contest.


classical music

classical music (usually uncountable, plural classical musics)

(music) Music of the classical period; the music of Mozart, Haydn, etc; the musical period before the romantic.


CDM

CDM (countable and uncountable, plural CDMs)

Caribbean dance music
Caribbean dance music#English

(music) Initialism of Caribbean dance music.


רוק

From English rock, from rock and roll (“rock and roll music”).


chillout

chillout (countable and uncountable, plural chillouts)

chillouts (plural)
chill-out (alternative)
chill out (alternative)


chillout

chillout (nominative singular)
chilloutu (genitive singular)
chilloutowi (dative singular)
chillout (accusative singular)
chilloutem (instrumental singular)
chilloucie (locative singular)
chilloucie (singular vocative)
czilaut (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English chillout.


juju

en-noun

juju (countable and uncountable, plural jujus)

jujus (plural)
ju-ju (alternative)
jou-jou (alternative)

From a West African language, probably originally from French joujou.

/ˈd͡ʒuːd͡ʒu/

Pendants round the neck, bangles round the wrists or ankles, potatoes or nutmegs in the pocket are as old or older than civilisation, carrying the same prophylactic magic as any juju in an African witchdoctor's armamentarium.

1976 March 27, F. Dudley Hart, “History of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis”, in British Medical Journal, volume 1, number 6012, →DOI, →JSTOR, page 763:

(countable) A fetish or charm believed by West Africans to have magical or supernatural powers.


ragtime

ragtime (countable and uncountable, plural ragtimes)

ragtimes (plural)
rag-time (alternative)

Likely from ragged + time, in reference to its heavy use of syncopation, or from rag, an American dialect term for a dance ball.

(music, uncountable) A musical form having a rhythm characterized by strong syncopation in the melody with a regularly accented accompaniment.


ragtime

pl-noun

ragtime m inan (related adjective ragtime'owy or ragtimowy)

ragtime'owy (adjective)
ragtimowy (adjective)
ragtime (nominative singular)
ragtime'y (nominative plural)
ragtime'u (genitive singular)
ragtime'ów (genitive plural)
ragtime'owi (dative singular)
ragtime'om (dative plural)
ragtime (accusative singular)
ragtime'y (accusative plural)
ragtime'em (instrumental singular)
ragtime'ami (instrumental plural)
ragtimie (locative singular)
ragtime'ach (locative plural)
ragtimie (singular vocative)
ragtime'y (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English ragtime.

ubor

(music, uncountable) ragtime (musical form having a rhythm characterized by strong syncopation in the melody with a regularly accented accompaniment)


electronica

By mid-decade, electronica began to chart, in the music of acts such as Bjork, Chemical Brothers, and Moby, and the resources of electronica were integrated into other non-pop styles, such as the industrial music of Trent Reznor […]

2012, Michael Campbell, Popular Music in America: The Beat Goes On:

New Age music […] like all musics, has its margins, and these are blurred with ambient, techno, and other electronica.

2014, Timothy D. Taylor, Strange Sounds: Music, Technology and Culture:

(music) Any of a wide range of electronic music genres.

電子樂 /电子乐

any of a wide range of electronic music genres


sludge

en-noun

sludge (countable and uncountable, plural sludges)

(uncountable, music) Ellipsis of sludge metal.


glam

Blokes sporting make-up and vertiginous platform boots, songs that were precision-tooled melodramas of bubblegum pop and football-terrace stomp, a belief in pop itself as a liberating space for fantasy and shape-shifting: it’s perhaps unsurprising that glam, in whose rise Bowie played a huge part, has never been taken very seriously.

2016 October 7, Sukhdev Sandhu, “Shock and Awe: Glam Rock and Its Legacy by Simon Reynolds”, in The Guardian:

(music, fashion) Ellipsis of glam rock.; the fashion and culture associated with this genre.


goth

Goth subculture
The Doors
gothic architecture
gothic art
gothic fiction

From gothic rock, first used by John Stickney in reference to The Doors in 1967 and used by the late 1970s to describe the musical scene that gave rise to the goth subculture, both from a supposed aesthetic similarity to dark and moody 19th century gothic fiction and earlier gothic art and architecture, from Late Latin gothicus (“Gothic, barbaric”), from Ancient Greek Γοτθικός (Gotthikós), from Ancient Greek Γότθοι (Gótthoi, “Goths”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), proposed to derive from unattested Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta).

der

(uncountable, music) A style of punk rock influenced by glam rock; gothic rock.


go-go

1964, US, partly from Whisky a Go Go, an influential American nightclub (in turn from French à gogo (“abundant”)), partly by reduplication of go, from 1962 slang the go (“the rage, fashionable”), from sense the go (“in motion”) as in on the go.
Compare to French yéyé (yeah-yeah), of contemporary coinage.

(music) A style of funk music from the 1970s.


glam rock

Although David Bowie is perhaps glam rock’s best-known star today, it was his friend, Marc Bolan – they met in their late teens in Soho – who sparked the movement.

2020 June 22, Joobin Bekhrad, “Glitter and curls: Marc Bolan and the birth of glam rock style”, in The Guardian:

(music) A style of English rock music from the early 1970s, distinguished by the glamorous, glittery costumes of its performers and its bouncy beat and lyrics.


glitter rock

Glitter rock isn't associated with a specific musical style as much as a period of time, roughly between 1972 and 1975 when it reached a glorious apex in the cult film The Rocky Horror Picture Show (featuring the debut of Meat Loaf).

1992, Ted Greenwald, Rock and Roll, Mallard Press, →ISBN:

(music) Glam rock, a music style popular in the early 1970s.


indie

en-noun

indie (countable and uncountable, plural indies)

From independent, by shortening, + -ie. Used of popular music since the 1980s, and of cinema for some decades before that.

(uncountable, music) A type of rock music, generally soft-style without screaming or aggression, mixed with synthesized music and electronic.


soca

soca (usually uncountable, plural socas)

He even turned up a few times after that—with mix-tapes of soca music, and handwritten notes, and tears.

2012, Zadie Smith, NW, London: Penguin Books, published 2013, →ISBN, page 151:

—Carnival? With soca music?

2014, Marlon James, A Brief History of Seven Killings, Oneworld Publications (2015), page 684:

(music) A genre of music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the early 1970s and developed into a range of styles during the 1980s and after which primarily includes influences of African and Indian rhythms.

ソカ

a style of popular dance music from the West Indies


thrash metal

/ˈθɹæʃ ˌmɛtəl/

A heavy and intense form of heavy metal music with a focus on speed, technical precision, alternate picking, and extended guitar solos, and often having aggressive lyrics.


progressive rock

(music) A rock music genre originating from the late 1960s and early 1970s, heavily influenced by classical music and jazz.


garage rock

(US, music) A simple, relatively raw form of rock and roll from the mid-1960s.


登場

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

(opera) to enter the stage or scene; to appear in performance


sega

(music) A genre of popular music mainly associated with Mauritius.


reggaeton

/rɛɡeɪˈtəʊn/

The Spanish islands gave the world salsa, and the more modern (and often controversial) hip-hop style reggaeton, which was forged between the islands and Miami.

2014, Carrie Gibson, Empire's Crossroads: The Caribbean From Columbus to the Present Day, Pan Macmillan, →ISBN:

A style of Latin American popular music, originally developing from reggae in Panama but now more of a type of hip hop-dance music mainly associated with Puerto Rico.


rokk

is-noun

rokk n (genitive singular rokks, no plural)

rokks (genitive singular)
rokk (indefinite nominative singular)
rokkið (definite nominative singular)
rokk (accusative indefinite singular)
rokkið (accusative definite singular)
rokki (dative indefinite singular)
rokkinu (dative definite singular)
rokks (genitive indefinite singular)
rokksins (definite genitive singular)


hyphy

Probably an alteration of hype or hyper. American rapper Keak da Sneak is sometimes credited as coining the word in the 1990s, but no evidence exists to support this and the term is first attested in 2002.

hyphe (alternative)
hyphee (alternative)
hyphie (alternative)

It was Oakland rapper Keak Da Sneak who claims to have invented the term: upon being told by his mother that he was “hyperactive”, Keak repeated the term as “hyphy”. Since then, hyphy has come to refer to a complex group of cultural activities synonymous with Oakland: it is at once a sound, a behavior, a choice in recreational drugs.

2009, Mickey Hess, editor, Hip Hop in America: A Regional Guide, volume 1, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 281:

San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay Area#Proper noun

(music) A subgenre of hip-hop music and dancing associated with the San Francisco Bay Area.


diskó

diskó n (genitive singular diskós, nominative plural diskó)

diskós (genitive singular)
diskó (nominative plural)
diskó (indefinite nominative singular)
diskóið (definite nominative singular)
diskó (indefinite nominative plural)
diskóin (definite nominative plural)
diskó (accusative indefinite singular)
diskóið (accusative definite singular)
diskó (accusative indefinite plural)
diskóin (accusative definite plural)
diskói (dative indefinite singular)
diskóinu (dative definite singular)
diskóum (dative indefinite plural)
diskóunum (dative definite plural)
diskós (genitive indefinite singular)
diskósins (definite genitive singular)
diskóa (genitive indefinite plural)
diskóanna (definite genitive plural)