epenthesis

epenthesis (countable and uncountable, plural epentheses)

Middle of 16th century: via Late Latin, from Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis), from ἐπεντίθημι (epentíthēmi, “I insert”), from ἐπί (epí) + ἐντίθημι (entíthēmi, “I put in”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”).

(phonetics, prosody) The insertion of a phoneme, letter, or syllable into a word, usually to satisfy the phonological constraints of a language or poetic context.

epentese

insertion of a phoneme or letter into a word


ejective

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ejective.wav

(phonetics) A nonpulmonic consonant formed by squeezing air trapped between the glottis and an articulator further forward, and releasing it suddenly.


explosive

en-adj

explosive (comparative more explosive, superlative most explosive)

more explosive (comparative)
most explosive (superlative)

From Latin explōs-, stem of the perfect passive participle of explōdō + the suffix -ive.

the explosive consonants


元音

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (元音):
* → Vietnamese: nguyên âm (元音)

/ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ in⁵⁵/


shrub

From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).

cog

A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base.

It is not only in face-to-face contexts that Kenyans police shrubbing; there are newspaper columns inviting readers to send in shrubs that they have witnessed, […]

2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Language and Identities, →ISBN, page 121:

One of the first people to go on air on X Fm, Raabia (It’s not a kuyu [Kikuyu] shrub for labia) is about to exit the station, she’s being replaced by Mao (their lispy producer) […]

2011 September 23, Yeye, “Fuck it!”, in Media Madness, archived from the original on 2011-09-24:

place of articulation
place of articulation

(Kenya) A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language.


shrub

en-verb

shrub (third-person singular simple present shrubs, present participle shrubbing, simple past and past participle shrubbed)

shrubs (present singular third-person)
shrubbing (participle present)
shrubbed (participle past)
shrubbed (past)

The people who benefit from making fun of shrubbing, therefore, are Kenyans who do not speak indigenous languages, because they are less likely to shrub than Kenyans who learned English as a second language in school and may have a heavier accent.

2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, quoting Heidi Orcutt-Gachiri, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Shrubbing and the evaluation of expertise in Kenyan English and Kiswahili: placing Kenyan indigenous languages at risk, 2008, page 7, quoted in Language and Identities, →ISBN, page 121:

However, Mwandani and her brother had noted that their mother had shrubbed and pointed it out right away.

2014, Michael Gathonjia Wairungu, “The notion of shrubbing vs. Mother tongue interference: a question of generation”, in "A Language of Many Hats": The Rise of Sheng and other Linguistic Styles among Urban Youth in Kenya, page 310:

It is still considered embarrassing if people in authority like teachers or newscasters “shrub.”

2019 April 19, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, “Harro! I shrub because, really, I have no otherwise, do I?”, in The East African, archived from the original on 2023-04-16:

(transitive, Kenya) To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language.


shrub

en-noun

shrub (countable and uncountable, plural shrubs)

From Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”), شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”), akin to syrup, sherbet, and sorbet.

der

A liquor composed of vegetable acid, fruit juice (especially lemon), sugar, sometimes vinegar, and a small amount of spirit as a preservative. Modern shrub is usually non-alcoholic, but in earlier times it was often mixed with a substantial amount of spirit such as brandy or rum, thus making it a liqueur.


dentale

From Medieval Latin or Late Latin dentālis, derived from Latin dēns (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dénts, *h₃dónts. By surface analysis, dent(e) (“tooth”) + -ale (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).

surf

La lettera T rappresenta una consonante dentale.

The letter T represents a dental consonant.

(phonetics) dental (articulated with the tongue on the upper teeth)


semivowel

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-semivowel.wav

(phonetics) A sound in speech which has some qualities of a consonant and some qualities of a vowel.


tonic

Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (phonetics, dated) being or relating to a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, i.e. a vowel or diphthong.


tonic

(phonetics) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.


CV

en-noun

CV (countable and uncountable, plural CVs)

Abbreviation
* (anime, Japanimation): From Japanese CV (CV), from English character+voice
* (aircraft carrier): Initialism of cruiser (“croiseur”) + French voler (“to fly”).

initialism of

(phonetics) Initialism of cardinal vowel.


voiceless

(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords; unvoiced, surd, breathed. Examples: [t], [s], [f], [m̥], [u̥].

مَهْمُوس

phonetics, of a consonant: spoken without vibration of the vocal cords


laryngeal

/ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

Derived from New Latin laryngeus + -al, from larynx (“larynx”) + -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- + -al or -ial.

af

(phonetics, relational) (of a speech sound) Made by or with constriction of the larynx with only the front part of the vocal cords vibrating, giving a very low frequency and producing what is known as "creaky voice."


laryngeal

/ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

(phonetics) A sound uttered by using the larynx.


無声

Compound of 無 (mu, “not, non-, without”) + 声 (sei, “voice”).

com

無声音

voiceless sound, voiceless pronunciation


posterior

ca-adj

posterior m or f (masculine and feminine plural posteriors)


posterior

(phonetics) back (produced in the back of the mouth)


nebo

nebọ̑ (canonical neuter)
nebọ̑ (nominative singular)
nẹ̑bi (dual nominative)
nẹ̑ba (nominative plural)
nebȃ (genitive singular)
nẹ̑b (dual genitive)
nẹ̑b (genitive plural)
nẹ̑bu (dative singular)
nẹ̑bi (dative singular)
nẹ̑boma (dative dual)
nẹ̑bama (dative dual)
nẹ̑bom (dative plural)
nẹ̑bam (dative plural)
nebọ̑ (accusative singular)
nẹ̑bi (accusative dual)
nẹ̑ba (accusative plural)
nẹ̑bu (locative singular)
nẹ̑bi (locative singular)
nẹ̑bih (dual locative)
nẹ̑bah (dual locative)
nẹ̑bih (locative plural)
nẹ̑bah (locative plural)
nẹ̑bom (instrumental singular)
nẹ̑boma (dual instrumental)
nẹ̑bama (dual instrumental)
nẹ̑bi (instrumental plural)
nebọ̑ (singular vocative)
nẹ̑bi (dual vocative)
nẹ̑ba (plural vocative)
nebọ̑ (nominative singular)
nebẹ́si (dual nominative)
nebẹ́sa (nominative plural)
nebẹ́sa (genitive singular)
nebẹ̄s (dual genitive)
nebẹ̄s (genitive plural)
nebẹ́su (dative singular)
nebẹ́si (dative singular)
nebẹ́soma (dative dual)
nebẹ́sama (dative dual)
nebẹ́som (dative plural)
nebẹ́sam (dative plural)
nebọ̑ (accusative singular)
nebẹ́si (accusative dual)
nebẹ́sa (accusative plural)
nebẹ́su (locative singular)
nebẹ́si (locative singular)
nebẹ́sih (dual locative)
nebẹ́sih (locative plural)
nebẹ́som (instrumental singular)
nebẹ́soma (dual instrumental)
nebẹ́sama (dual instrumental)
nebẹ́si (instrumental plural)
nebọ̑ (singular vocative)
nebẹ̑si (dual vocative)
nebẹ̑sa (plural vocative)

sl-infl-noun

* obsolete; compare pluralia tantum nebesa

From Proto-Slavic *nebo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *néba, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.

(anatomy, phonetics) palate (soft and hard)


preantepenultimate

Nominal sense attested since 1746; adjectival sense attested since 1791: pre- + antepenultimate.

Accent the Preantepenultimate.

1830, John Walker, A Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names, New York, N.Y.: J.F. Dove, page 169:

(chiefly phonetics, obsolete, rare) preantepenult


preantepenultimate

First or Preantepenultimate Milk-molar; Second or Ante- penultimate Milk-molar.

1874, Andrew Leith Adams, On the Dentition and Osteology of the Maltese Fossil Elephants, Zoological Society of London, page 10:

In the tautala leaga [colloquial Samoan] the shortening of normal vowels in the antepenultimate and preantepenultimate syllables is very common.

1992, Ulrike Mosel, Even Hovdhaugen, “Phonology and orthography”, in Samoan Reference Grammar, Oslo: The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture; Scandinavian University Press, via National Library of Norway, →ISBN, page 27:

…PWs with preantepenultimate and even fifth-but-last stress occur,…

2010, Editors Martin Maiden, John Charles Smith, Adam Ledgeway, The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages: Volume 1, Structures, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 82:

(chiefly phonetics and biology) Three before the end; fourth to last.


pyöreä

fi-adj

pyöreä (comparative pyöreämpi, superlative pyörein)

pyöreämpi (comparative)
pyörein (superlative)
pyöreä (nominative singular)
pyöreät (nominative plural)
pyöreä (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreät (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreän (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreät (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreän (genitive singular)
pyöreiden (genitive plural)
pyöreitten (genitive plural)
pyöreäin (genitive plural rare)
pyöreää (partitive singular)
pyöreätä (partitive singular)
pyöreitä (partitive plural)
pyöreässä (inessive singular)
pyöreissä (inessive plural)
pyöreästä (elative singular)
pyöreistä (elative plural)
pyöreään (illative singular)
pyöreisiin (illative plural)
pyöreihin (illative plural)
pyöreällä (adessive singular)
pyöreillä (adessive plural)
pyöreältä (ablative singular)
pyöreiltä (ablative plural)
pyöreälle (allative singular)
pyöreille (allative plural)
pyöreänä (essive singular)
pyöreinä (essive plural)
pyöreäksi (singular translative)
pyöreiksi (plural translative)
pyöreättä (abessive singular)
pyöreittä (abessive plural)
pyörein (instructive plural)
pyöreine (comitative plural)
pyöreäni (nominative singular)
pyöreäni (nominative plural)
pyöreäni (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreäni (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreäni (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreäni (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreäni (genitive singular)
pyöreideni (genitive plural)
pyöreitteni (genitive plural)
pyöreäini (genitive plural rare)
pyöreääni (partitive singular)
pyöreätäni (partitive singular)
pyöreitäni (partitive plural)
pyöreässäni (inessive singular)
pyöreissäni (inessive plural)
pyöreästäni (elative singular)
pyöreistäni (elative plural)
pyöreääni (illative singular)
pyöreisiini (illative plural)
pyöreihini (illative plural)
pyöreälläni (adessive singular)
pyöreilläni (adessive plural)
pyöreältäni (ablative singular)
pyöreiltäni (ablative plural)
pyöreälleni (allative singular)
pyöreilleni (allative plural)
pyöreänäni (essive singular)
pyöreinäni (essive plural)
pyöreäkseni (singular translative)
pyöreikseni (plural translative)
pyöreättäni (abessive singular)
pyöreittäni (abessive plural)
pyöreineni (comitative plural)
pyöreäsi (nominative singular)
pyöreäsi (nominative plural)
pyöreäsi (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreäsi (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreäsi (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreäsi (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreäsi (genitive singular)
pyöreidesi (genitive plural)
pyöreittesi (genitive plural)
pyöreäisi (genitive plural rare)
pyöreääsi (partitive singular)
pyöreätäsi (partitive singular)
pyöreitäsi (partitive plural)
pyöreässäsi (inessive singular)
pyöreissäsi (inessive plural)
pyöreästäsi (elative singular)
pyöreistäsi (elative plural)
pyöreääsi (illative singular)
pyöreisiisi (illative plural)
pyöreihisi (illative plural)
pyöreälläsi (adessive singular)
pyöreilläsi (adessive plural)
pyöreältäsi (ablative singular)
pyöreiltäsi (ablative plural)
pyöreällesi (allative singular)
pyöreillesi (allative plural)
pyöreänäsi (essive singular)
pyöreinäsi (essive plural)
pyöreäksesi (singular translative)
pyöreiksesi (plural translative)
pyöreättäsi (abessive singular)
pyöreittäsi (abessive plural)
pyöreinesi (comitative plural)
pyöreämme (nominative singular)
pyöreämme (nominative plural)
pyöreämme (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreämme (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreämme (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreämme (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreämme (genitive singular)
pyöreidemme (genitive plural)
pyöreittemme (genitive plural)
pyöreäimme (genitive plural rare)
pyöreäämme (partitive singular)
pyöreätämme (partitive singular)
pyöreitämme (partitive plural)
pyöreässämme (inessive singular)
pyöreissämme (inessive plural)
pyöreästämme (elative singular)
pyöreistämme (elative plural)
pyöreäämme (illative singular)
pyöreisiimme (illative plural)
pyöreihimme (illative plural)
pyöreällämme (adessive singular)
pyöreillämme (adessive plural)
pyöreältämme (ablative singular)
pyöreiltämme (ablative plural)
pyöreällemme (allative singular)
pyöreillemme (allative plural)
pyöreänämme (essive singular)
pyöreinämme (essive plural)
pyöreäksemme (singular translative)
pyöreiksemme (plural translative)
pyöreättämme (abessive singular)
pyöreittämme (abessive plural)
pyöreinemme (comitative plural)
pyöreänne (nominative singular)
pyöreänne (nominative plural)
pyöreänne (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreänne (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreänne (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreänne (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreänne (genitive singular)
pyöreidenne (genitive plural)
pyöreittenne (genitive plural)
pyöreäinne (genitive plural rare)
pyöreäänne (partitive singular)
pyöreätänne (partitive singular)
pyöreitänne (partitive plural)
pyöreässänne (inessive singular)
pyöreissänne (inessive plural)
pyöreästänne (elative singular)
pyöreistänne (elative plural)
pyöreäänne (illative singular)
pyöreisiinne (illative plural)
pyöreihinne (illative plural)
pyöreällänne (adessive singular)
pyöreillänne (adessive plural)
pyöreältänne (ablative singular)
pyöreiltänne (ablative plural)
pyöreällenne (allative singular)
pyöreillenne (allative plural)
pyöreänänne (essive singular)
pyöreinänne (essive plural)
pyöreäksenne (singular translative)
pyöreiksenne (plural translative)
pyöreättänne (abessive singular)
pyöreittänne (abessive plural)
pyöreinenne (comitative plural)
pyöreänsä (nominative singular)
pyöreänsä (nominative plural)
pyöreänsä (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreänsä (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreänsä (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreänsä (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreänsä (genitive singular)
pyöreidensä (genitive plural)
pyöreittensä (genitive plural)
pyöreäinsä (genitive plural rare)
pyöreätään (partitive singular)
pyöreäänsä (partitive singular)
pyöreätänsä (partitive singular)
pyöreitään (partitive plural)
pyöreitänsä (partitive plural)
pyöreässään (inessive singular)
pyöreässänsä (inessive singular)
pyöreissään (inessive plural)
pyöreissänsä (inessive plural)
pyöreästään (elative singular)
pyöreästänsä (elative singular)
pyöreistään (elative plural)
pyöreistänsä (elative plural)
pyöreäänsä (illative singular)
pyöreisiinsä (illative plural)
pyöreihinsä (illative plural)
pyöreällään (adessive singular)
pyöreällänsä (adessive singular)
pyöreillään (adessive plural)
pyöreillänsä (adessive plural)
pyöreältään (ablative singular)
pyöreältänsä (ablative singular)
pyöreiltään (ablative plural)
pyöreiltänsä (ablative plural)
pyöreälleen (allative singular)
pyöreällensä (allative singular)
pyöreilleen (allative plural)
pyöreillensä (allative plural)
pyöreänään (essive singular)
pyöreänänsä (essive singular)
pyöreinään (essive plural)
pyöreinänsä (essive plural)
pyöreäkseen (singular translative)
pyöreäksensä (singular translative)
pyöreikseen (plural translative)
pyöreiksensä (plural translative)
pyöreättään (abessive singular)
pyöreättänsä (abessive singular)
pyöreittään (abessive plural)
pyöreittänsä (abessive plural)
pyöreineen (comitative plural)
pyöreinensä (comitative plural)

[ˈpyø̞̯re̞æ]

pyörä + -eä. Compare Karelian pyörie (formed equivalently).


akcento

eo-head

akcento (uncountable, accusative akcenton)

From English accent, French accent, etc., ultimately from Latin accentus. Doublet of akĉento.

(phonetics) accent, stress ("higher-pitched or stronger articulation")


alveolar

(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.

لِثَوِيّ

formed with the tongue touching or approaching the ridge behind the upper teeth


alveolar

head

alveolar c (singular definite alveolaren, plural indefinite alveolarer)

alveolaren (definite singular)
alveolarer (indefinite plural)
alveolar (indefinite nominative singular)
alveolaren (definite nominative singular)
alveolarer (indefinite nominative plural)
alveolarerne (definite nominative plural)
alveolars (genitive indefinite singular)
alveolarens (definite genitive singular)
alveolarers (genitive indefinite plural)
alveolarernes (definite genitive plural)


alveolar

de-adj

alveolar (strong nominative masculine singular alveolarer, not comparable)

alveolarer (masculine nominative singular strong)
alveolar (masculine predicative singular)
alveolar (feminine predicative singular)
alveolar (neuter predicative singular)
alveolar (plural predicative)
alveolarer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
alveolare (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
alveolares (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
alveolare (nominative plural strong without-article)
alveolaren (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
alveolarer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
alveolaren (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
alveolarer (genitive plural strong without-article)
alveolarem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
alveolarer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
alveolarem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
alveolaren (dative plural strong without-article)
alveolaren (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
alveolare (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
alveolares (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
alveolare (accusative plural strong without-article)
der alveolare (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die alveolare (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das alveolare (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die alveolaren (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des alveolaren (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der alveolaren (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des alveolaren (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der alveolaren (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem alveolaren (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der alveolaren (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem alveolaren (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den alveolaren (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den alveolaren (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die alveolare (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das alveolare (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die alveolaren (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein alveolarer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine alveolare (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein alveolares (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
alveolaren (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine alveolaren (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines alveolaren (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer alveolaren (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines alveolaren (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
alveolaren (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner alveolaren (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem alveolaren (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer alveolaren (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem alveolaren (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
alveolaren (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen alveolaren (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen alveolaren (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine alveolare (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein alveolares (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
alveolaren (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine alveolaren (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)


alveolar

(phonetics, of a phoneme) alveolar (produced on the jaw ridge)


alveolar

(phonetics) alveolar (a consonant produced on the jaw ridge)


cacoepy

From Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”) + ἔπος (épos, “word”) + -ία (-ía, “-y”).


anaptyxis

en-noun

anaptyxis (countable and uncountable, plural anaptyxes)

Learned borrowing from New Latin anaptyxis, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπτυξις (anáptuxis).

lbor

(phonetics) The epenthesis (insertion) of a vowel.


orthoepy

en-noun

orthoepy (countable and uncountable, plural orthoepies)

/ˈɔː.θəʊˌiː.pi/

/ˈɔː.θəʊˌɛ.pi/

/ˈɔː.θəʊ.ɨ.pi/

/ɔːˈθəʊ.ɨ.pi/

/ˈɔɹ.θoʊˌɛ.pi/

From Ancient Greek ὀρθοέπεια (orthoépeia), possibly via Latin orthoepia, from Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “correct”) + ἔπος (épos, “word”) + -ία (-ía, “-y”).


ʆ

(phonetics) The 'closed' voiceless fricative in Circassian, commonly transcribed ⟨ŝ⟩ and for which ⟨ᵷ⟩ was once proposed for the IPA.


fonema

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”).


fonema

From Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”).


fonema

(phonetics) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound)


pulmonic sounds

(phonetics) sounds in which the air stream originates in the lungs.


aspiration

en-noun

aspiration (countable and uncountable, plural aspirations)

From aspirate + -ion or borrowed from Latin aspīrātiō.

(phonetics) A burst of air that follows the release of some consonants.


vibrant

From French vibrant, from Latin vibrans, present participle of vibrare (“to vibrate”). See vibrate.

(phonetics) Any of a class of consonants including taps and trills.


apocope

apocope (countable and uncountable, plural apocopes)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin apocopē, from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ), ἀποκόπτω (apokóptō, “cut off”).

lbor

(phonetics, prosody, strictly) The loss or omission of the last vowel in a word, together with any consonants that follow it.


apocope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ).


resonant

Borrowed from French résonnant or Latin resonāre (“to resound”).

(phonetics) A sonorant vowel or consonant.


syllabic

From Medieval Latin syllabicus, from Ancient Greek συλλαβικός (sullabikós), from συλλαβή (sullabḗ, “syllable”).


glide

en-verb

glide (third-person singular simple present glides, present participle gliding, simple past glided or glid or (archaic) glode, past participle glided or glid or glidden or (archaic) glode)

glides (present singular third-person)
gliding (participle present)
glided (past)
glid (past)
glode (archaic past)
glided (participle past)
glid (participle past)
glidden (participle past)
glode (archaic participle past)

From Middle English gliden, from Old English glīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *glīdan, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleydʰ-.
Cognate with West Frisian glide, glydzje, Low German glieden, Dutch glijden, German gleiten, Norwegian Nynorsk gli, Danish glide, Swedish glida, Finnish liitää.

(phonetics) To pass with a glide, as the voice.


homorganic

/ˌhɑmɔɹˈɡænɪk/

/ˌhɒmɔːˈɡænɪk/

Two identical consonants (redoubled) in second and third position are frequently found (they are called verba mediae geminatae), but two homorganic consonants are not.

2011 March 1, Eulàlia Vernet i Pons, “Semitic Root Incompatibilities and Historical Linguistics”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, page 4

(phonetics) Of consonants: having the same place of articulation. For example, labial m, b, p, alveolar n, d, t, velar ŋ, g, k. Indic alphabets such as Devanagari, as well as the Korean hangul alphabet, are rationally arranged so that homorganic consonants are grouped together.


homorganic

/ˌhɑmɔɹˈɡænɪk/

/ˌhɒmɔːˈɡænɪk/

(phonetics) A consonant having the same place of articulation as another.


cluster

→ Catalan: clúster

→ French: cluster

→ German: Cluster

→ Italian: cluster

→ Japanese: クラスター (kurasutā)

→ Portuguese: cluster

→ Russian: кла́стер (kláster)

→ Spanish: clúster, cluster

→ Swedish: kluster

High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart

The noun is derived from Middle English cluster (“bunch, cluster, spray; compact body or mass, ball”) [and other forms], from Old English cluster, clyster (“cluster, bunch, branch”), from Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up; to clench; to amass”)) + *-þrą (suffix forming nouns denoting an instrument or tool). The English word is probably a doublet of clot.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Dutch klister (“cluster”) (dialectal)
* Icelandic klasi (“cluster; bunch of grapes”)
* Low German Kluuster (“cluster”)
* Swedish kluster (“cluster”)

nb...

closter, clostre, clouster, clowster, clustre, clustyr

բույլ

The word scrub begins with a cluster of three consonants.

A bunch or group of several discrete items that are close to each other.

(phonetics) A pronounceable group of consonants that occur together: a consonant cluster.

shluk

group of pronounceable consonants that occur together


sonorous

en-adj

sonorous (comparative more sonorous, superlative most sonorous)

more sonorous (comparative)
most sonorous (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin sonōrus, from sonor (“sound”), early 17th century.

Vowels are more sonorous (acoustically powerful) than consonants, and so we perceive them as louder and lasting longer.

2001, Michael Dobrovolsky, “Phonetics: The Sounds of Language”, in William O'Grady, John Archibald, Mark Aronoff, Janie Rees-Miller, editors, Contemporary Linguistics, →ISBN, page 21:

(linguistics, phonetics) Produced with a relatively open vocal tract and relatively little obstruction of airflow.


pehmeä

fi-adj

pehmeä (comparative pehmeämpi, superlative pehmein)

pehmeämpi (comparative)
pehmein (superlative)
pehmeä (nominative singular)
pehmeät (nominative plural)
pehmeä (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeät (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeän (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeät (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeän (genitive singular)
pehmeiden (genitive plural)
pehmeitten (genitive plural)
pehmeäin (genitive plural rare)
pehmeää (partitive singular)
pehmeätä (partitive singular)
pehmeitä (partitive plural)
pehmeässä (inessive singular)
pehmeissä (inessive plural)
pehmeästä (elative singular)
pehmeistä (elative plural)
pehmeään (illative singular)
pehmeisiin (illative plural)
pehmeihin (illative plural)
pehmeällä (adessive singular)
pehmeillä (adessive plural)
pehmeältä (ablative singular)
pehmeiltä (ablative plural)
pehmeälle (allative singular)
pehmeille (allative plural)
pehmeänä (essive singular)
pehmeinä (essive plural)
pehmeäksi (singular translative)
pehmeiksi (plural translative)
pehmeättä (abessive singular)
pehmeittä (abessive plural)
pehmein (instructive plural)
pehmeine (comitative plural)
pehmeäni (nominative singular)
pehmeäni (nominative plural)
pehmeäni (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeäni (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeäni (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeäni (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeäni (genitive singular)
pehmeideni (genitive plural)
pehmeitteni (genitive plural)
pehmeäini (genitive plural rare)
pehmeääni (partitive singular)
pehmeätäni (partitive singular)
pehmeitäni (partitive plural)
pehmeässäni (inessive singular)
pehmeissäni (inessive plural)
pehmeästäni (elative singular)
pehmeistäni (elative plural)
pehmeääni (illative singular)
pehmeisiini (illative plural)
pehmeihini (illative plural)
pehmeälläni (adessive singular)
pehmeilläni (adessive plural)
pehmeältäni (ablative singular)
pehmeiltäni (ablative plural)
pehmeälleni (allative singular)
pehmeilleni (allative plural)
pehmeänäni (essive singular)
pehmeinäni (essive plural)
pehmeäkseni (singular translative)
pehmeikseni (plural translative)
pehmeättäni (abessive singular)
pehmeittäni (abessive plural)
pehmeineni (comitative plural)
pehmeäsi (nominative singular)
pehmeäsi (nominative plural)
pehmeäsi (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeäsi (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeäsi (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeäsi (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeäsi (genitive singular)
pehmeidesi (genitive plural)
pehmeittesi (genitive plural)
pehmeäisi (genitive plural rare)
pehmeääsi (partitive singular)
pehmeätäsi (partitive singular)
pehmeitäsi (partitive plural)
pehmeässäsi (inessive singular)
pehmeissäsi (inessive plural)
pehmeästäsi (elative singular)
pehmeistäsi (elative plural)
pehmeääsi (illative singular)
pehmeisiisi (illative plural)
pehmeihisi (illative plural)
pehmeälläsi (adessive singular)
pehmeilläsi (adessive plural)
pehmeältäsi (ablative singular)
pehmeiltäsi (ablative plural)
pehmeällesi (allative singular)
pehmeillesi (allative plural)
pehmeänäsi (essive singular)
pehmeinäsi (essive plural)
pehmeäksesi (singular translative)
pehmeiksesi (plural translative)
pehmeättäsi (abessive singular)
pehmeittäsi (abessive plural)
pehmeinesi (comitative plural)
pehmeämme (nominative singular)
pehmeämme (nominative plural)
pehmeämme (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeämme (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeämme (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeämme (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeämme (genitive singular)
pehmeidemme (genitive plural)
pehmeittemme (genitive plural)
pehmeäimme (genitive plural rare)
pehmeäämme (partitive singular)
pehmeätämme (partitive singular)
pehmeitämme (partitive plural)
pehmeässämme (inessive singular)
pehmeissämme (inessive plural)
pehmeästämme (elative singular)
pehmeistämme (elative plural)
pehmeäämme (illative singular)
pehmeisiimme (illative plural)
pehmeihimme (illative plural)
pehmeällämme (adessive singular)
pehmeillämme (adessive plural)
pehmeältämme (ablative singular)
pehmeiltämme (ablative plural)
pehmeällemme (allative singular)
pehmeillemme (allative plural)
pehmeänämme (essive singular)
pehmeinämme (essive plural)
pehmeäksemme (singular translative)
pehmeiksemme (plural translative)
pehmeättämme (abessive singular)
pehmeittämme (abessive plural)
pehmeinemme (comitative plural)
pehmeänne (nominative singular)
pehmeänne (nominative plural)
pehmeänne (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeänne (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeänne (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeänne (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeänne (genitive singular)
pehmeidenne (genitive plural)
pehmeittenne (genitive plural)
pehmeäinne (genitive plural rare)
pehmeäänne (partitive singular)
pehmeätänne (partitive singular)
pehmeitänne (partitive plural)
pehmeässänne (inessive singular)
pehmeissänne (inessive plural)
pehmeästänne (elative singular)
pehmeistänne (elative plural)
pehmeäänne (illative singular)
pehmeisiinne (illative plural)
pehmeihinne (illative plural)
pehmeällänne (adessive singular)
pehmeillänne (adessive plural)
pehmeältänne (ablative singular)
pehmeiltänne (ablative plural)
pehmeällenne (allative singular)
pehmeillenne (allative plural)
pehmeänänne (essive singular)
pehmeinänne (essive plural)
pehmeäksenne (singular translative)
pehmeiksenne (plural translative)
pehmeättänne (abessive singular)
pehmeittänne (abessive plural)
pehmeinenne (comitative plural)
pehmeänsä (nominative singular)
pehmeänsä (nominative plural)
pehmeänsä (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeänsä (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeänsä (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeänsä (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeänsä (genitive singular)
pehmeidensä (genitive plural)
pehmeittensä (genitive plural)
pehmeäinsä (genitive plural rare)
pehmeätään (partitive singular)
pehmeäänsä (partitive singular)
pehmeätänsä (partitive singular)
pehmeitään (partitive plural)
pehmeitänsä (partitive plural)
pehmeässään (inessive singular)
pehmeässänsä (inessive singular)
pehmeissään (inessive plural)
pehmeissänsä (inessive plural)
pehmeästään (elative singular)
pehmeästänsä (elative singular)
pehmeistään (elative plural)
pehmeistänsä (elative plural)
pehmeäänsä (illative singular)
pehmeisiinsä (illative plural)
pehmeihinsä (illative plural)
pehmeällään (adessive singular)
pehmeällänsä (adessive singular)
pehmeillään (adessive plural)
pehmeillänsä (adessive plural)
pehmeältään (ablative singular)
pehmeältänsä (ablative singular)
pehmeiltään (ablative plural)
pehmeiltänsä (ablative plural)
pehmeälleen (allative singular)
pehmeällensä (allative singular)
pehmeilleen (allative plural)
pehmeillensä (allative plural)
pehmeänään (essive singular)
pehmeänänsä (essive singular)
pehmeinään (essive plural)
pehmeinänsä (essive plural)
pehmeäkseen (singular translative)
pehmeäksensä (singular translative)
pehmeikseen (plural translative)
pehmeiksensä (plural translative)
pehmeättään (abessive singular)
pehmeättänsä (abessive singular)
pehmeittään (abessive plural)
pehmeittänsä (abessive plural)
pehmeineen (comitative plural)
pehmeinensä (comitative plural)


percussive

en-adj

percussive (comparative more percussive, superlative most percussive)

more percussive (comparative)
most percussive (superlative)

Two additional, and much rarer, percussive articulations are represented by symbols in the extIPA chart. Their exclusion from the main IPA chart is an indication that they do not seem to occur as typical forms of adult speech in any part of the world, although they may have some communicative function. The symbol, [ʬ], is used to transcribe a bilabial percussive sound, which might be described in lay terms as lip-smacking.

2013, Nigel Hewlett, Janet Mackenzie Beck, An Introduction to the Science of Phonetics, Routledge, →ISBN:

(phonetics) Produced by striking organs together, for example, smacking the lips or gnashing the teeth.


percussive

Percussives are articulations where two rigid or semirigid articulators are struck against each other to produce a short, sharp sound.

2014, Martin J. Ball, Nicole Muller, Phonetics for Communication Disorders, Psychology Press, →ISBN:


kova

fi-adj

kova (comparative kovempi, superlative kovin)

kovempi (comparative)
kovin (superlative)
kova (nominative singular)
kovat (nominative plural)
kova (accusative nominative singular)
kovat (accusative nominative plural)
kovan (accusative genitive singular)
kovat (accusative genitive plural)
kovan (genitive singular)
kovien (genitive plural)
kovain (genitive plural rare)
kovaa (partitive singular)
kovia (partitive plural)
kovassa (inessive singular)
kovissa (inessive plural)
kovasta (elative singular)
kovista (elative plural)
kovaan (illative singular)
koviin (illative plural)
kovalla (adessive singular)
kovilla (adessive plural)
kovalta (ablative singular)
kovilta (ablative plural)
kovalle (allative singular)
koville (allative plural)
kovana (essive singular)
kovina (essive plural)
kovaksi (singular translative)
koviksi (plural translative)
kovatta (abessive singular)
kovitta (abessive plural)
kovin (instructive plural)
kovine (comitative plural)
kovani (nominative singular)
kovani (nominative plural)
kovani (accusative nominative singular)
kovani (accusative nominative plural)
kovani (accusative genitive singular)
kovani (accusative genitive plural)
kovani (genitive singular)
kovieni (genitive plural)
kovaini (genitive plural rare)
kovaani (partitive singular)
koviani (partitive plural)
kovassani (inessive singular)
kovissani (inessive plural)
kovastani (elative singular)
kovistani (elative plural)
kovaani (illative singular)
koviini (illative plural)
kovallani (adessive singular)
kovillani (adessive plural)
kovaltani (ablative singular)
koviltani (ablative plural)
kovalleni (allative singular)
kovilleni (allative plural)
kovanani (essive singular)
kovinani (essive plural)
kovakseni (singular translative)
kovikseni (plural translative)
kovattani (abessive singular)
kovittani (abessive plural)
kovineni (comitative plural)
kovasi (nominative singular)
kovasi (nominative plural)
kovasi (accusative nominative singular)
kovasi (accusative nominative plural)
kovasi (accusative genitive singular)
kovasi (accusative genitive plural)
kovasi (genitive singular)
koviesi (genitive plural)
kovaisi (genitive plural rare)
kovaasi (partitive singular)
koviasi (partitive plural)
kovassasi (inessive singular)
kovissasi (inessive plural)
kovastasi (elative singular)
kovistasi (elative plural)
kovaasi (illative singular)
koviisi (illative plural)
kovallasi (adessive singular)
kovillasi (adessive plural)
kovaltasi (ablative singular)
koviltasi (ablative plural)
kovallesi (allative singular)
kovillesi (allative plural)
kovanasi (essive singular)
kovinasi (essive plural)
kovaksesi (singular translative)
koviksesi (plural translative)
kovattasi (abessive singular)
kovittasi (abessive plural)
kovinesi (comitative plural)
kovamme (nominative singular)
kovamme (nominative plural)
kovamme (accusative nominative singular)
kovamme (accusative nominative plural)
kovamme (accusative genitive singular)
kovamme (accusative genitive plural)
kovamme (genitive singular)
koviemme (genitive plural)
kovaimme (genitive plural rare)
kovaamme (partitive singular)
koviamme (partitive plural)
kovassamme (inessive singular)
kovissamme (inessive plural)
kovastamme (elative singular)
kovistamme (elative plural)
kovaamme (illative singular)
koviimme (illative plural)
kovallamme (adessive singular)
kovillamme (adessive plural)
kovaltamme (ablative singular)
koviltamme (ablative plural)
kovallemme (allative singular)
kovillemme (allative plural)
kovanamme (essive singular)
kovinamme (essive plural)
kovaksemme (singular translative)
koviksemme (plural translative)
kovattamme (abessive singular)
kovittamme (abessive plural)
kovinemme (comitative plural)
kovanne (nominative singular)
kovanne (nominative plural)
kovanne (accusative nominative singular)
kovanne (accusative nominative plural)
kovanne (accusative genitive singular)
kovanne (accusative genitive plural)
kovanne (genitive singular)
kovienne (genitive plural)
kovainne (genitive plural rare)
kovaanne (partitive singular)
kovianne (partitive plural)
kovassanne (inessive singular)
kovissanne (inessive plural)
kovastanne (elative singular)
kovistanne (elative plural)
kovaanne (illative singular)
koviinne (illative plural)
kovallanne (adessive singular)
kovillanne (adessive plural)
kovaltanne (ablative singular)
koviltanne (ablative plural)
kovallenne (allative singular)
kovillenne (allative plural)
kovananne (essive singular)
kovinanne (essive plural)
kovaksenne (singular translative)
koviksenne (plural translative)
kovattanne (abessive singular)
kovittanne (abessive plural)
kovinenne (comitative plural)
kovansa (nominative singular)
kovansa (nominative plural)
kovansa (accusative nominative singular)
kovansa (accusative nominative plural)
kovansa (accusative genitive singular)
kovansa (accusative genitive plural)
kovansa (genitive singular)
koviensa (genitive plural)
kovainsa (genitive plural rare)
kovaansa (partitive singular)
koviaan (partitive plural)
koviansa (partitive plural)
kovassaan (inessive singular)
kovassansa (inessive singular)
kovissaan (inessive plural)
kovissansa (inessive plural)
kovastaan (elative singular)
kovastansa (elative singular)
kovistaan (elative plural)
kovistansa (elative plural)
kovaansa (illative singular)
koviinsa (illative plural)
kovallaan (adessive singular)
kovallansa (adessive singular)
kovillaan (adessive plural)
kovillansa (adessive plural)
kovaltaan (ablative singular)
kovaltansa (ablative singular)
koviltaan (ablative plural)
koviltansa (ablative plural)
kovalleen (allative singular)
kovallensa (allative singular)
kovilleen (allative plural)
kovillensa (allative plural)
kovanaan (essive singular)
kovanansa (essive singular)
kovinaan (essive plural)
kovinansa (essive plural)
kovakseen (singular translative)
kovaksensa (singular translative)
kovikseen (plural translative)
koviksensa (plural translative)
kovattaan (abessive singular)
kovattansa (abessive singular)
kovittaan (abessive plural)
kovittansa (abessive plural)
kovineen (comitative plural)
kovinensa (comitative plural)

hard (of an object, resistant to pressure)

(phonetics) hard, unvoiced (pronounced without using the vocal cords)


sibilant

From Latin sībilāns, present active participle of sībilō (“I hiss”).

Groove fricatives all have more or less of an [s]-like quality, and are for this reason sometimes called sibilants.

1955, H. A. Gleason, An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics, page 194, section 14.7:

(phonetics) A consonant having a hissing or hushing sound such as the s or sh in sack or shack.


sibilant

sibilant (indefinite nominative singular)
sibilanten (definite nominative singular)
sibilanter (indefinite nominative plural)
sibilanterne (definite nominative plural)
sibilants (genitive indefinite singular)
sibilantens (definite genitive singular)
sibilanters (genitive indefinite plural)
sibilanternes (definite genitive plural)


sibilant

sibìlant (canonical masculine)
сибѝлант (Cyrillic)
sibìlant (nominative singular)
sibilanti (nominative plural)
sibilanta (genitive singular)
sibìlanātā (genitive plural)
sibilantu (dative singular)
sibilantima (dative plural)
sibilant (accusative singular)
sibilante (accusative plural)
sibilante (singular vocative)
sibilanti (plural vocative)
sibilantu (locative singular)
sibilantima (locative plural)
sibilantom (instrumental singular)
sibilantima (instrumental plural)


articulation

en-noun

articulation (countable and uncountable, plural articulations)

From Middle English articulacioun, from Old French articulacion, from Medieval Latin articulatio. Equivalent to articulate + -ion.

manner of articulation

place of articulation

point of articulation

(phonetics) The mechanism by which a sound is formed in the vocal tract.

artikulasi

linguistics: means of uttering a phoneme


articulation

→ Turkish: artikülasyon

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō. By surface analysis, articuler + -ation.

lbor

mode d’articulation ― manner of articulation

point d’articulation ― place of articulation

(phonetics) articulation (emission of a sound)


affricate

(phonetics) A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative.


Alveolar

de-noun

Alveolar m (strong, genitive Alveolars, plural Alveolare)

Alveolars (genitive)
Alveolare (plural)
Alveolar (nominative singular)
Alveolare (definite nominative plural)
Alveolars (genitive singular)
Alveolare (definite genitive plural)
Alveolar (dative singular)
Alveolaren (dative definite plural)
Alveolar (accusative singular)
Alveolare (accusative definite plural)

Nominalization of alveolar (“alveolar”).


Diphthong

Diphthong m (strong, genitive Diphthonges or Diphthongs, plural Diphthonge)

Diphthonges (genitive)
Diphthongs (genitive)
Diphthonge (plural)
Diphthong (nominative singular)
Diphthonge (definite nominative plural)
Diphthonges (genitive singular)
Diphthongs (genitive singular)
Diphthonge (definite genitive plural)
Diphthong (dative singular)
Diphthonge (dative singular)
Diphthongen (dative definite plural)
Diphthong (accusative singular)
Diphthonge (accusative definite plural)


sait

az-noun

sait (definite accusative saiti, plural saitlər)

saiti (accusative definite)
saitlər (plural)
sait (nominative singular)
saitlər (nominative plural)
saiti (accusative definite singular)
saitləri (accusative definite plural)
saitə (dative singular)
saitlərə (dative plural)
saitdə (locative singular)
saitlərdə (locative plural)
saitdən (ablative singular)
saitlərdən (ablative plural)
saitin (definite genitive singular)
saitlərin (definite genitive plural)
saitim (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərim (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
saitin (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərin (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saiti (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitləri (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
saitiniz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitləriniz (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saiti (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitləri (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitləri (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimi (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimi (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
saitini (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitini (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizi (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizi (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərini (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimə (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimə (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
saitinə (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitinə (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizə (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizə (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinə (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimdə (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimdə (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
saitində (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərində (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitində (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərində (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizdə (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizdə (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərində (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimdən (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimdən (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
saitindən (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitindən (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizdən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizdən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərindən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimin (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimin (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
saitinin (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitinin (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

qalın saitlər

incə saitlər


long vowel

(English pronunciation) Any of the vowels or diphthongs resulting from the Great Vowel Shift's effect on Middle English's original long vowels, and best exhibited in the names of the vowel letters A, E, I, O, U. In American lexicography their pronunciation is indicated by a macron, as, ē.


APA

Americanist Phonetic Alphabet
w:Americanist Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) Initialism of Americanist Phonetic Alphabet.


singleton

From single + -ton, probably following the model of simpleton.

singleton sonorants

(phonetics) A single consonant, as opposed to a geminated consonant.


allophone

Coordinate term: phonème

(phonetics, phonology) allophone (any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme)


wildcard

(phonetics, phonology) A letter or symbol that substitutes for a generic or poorly identified sound, for example capital C for any or some consonant, or capital V for any or some vowel.


phonème

desctree

→ Dutch: foneem, phoneem (dated)
→ Indonesian: fonem

→ German: Phonem

Greek: φώνημα n (fónima, “phoneme”)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma).

lbor

Coordinate term: phone

ce phonème, qui fleurit aussi bien dans l’extrême Orient que dans notre Basse-Normandie, tient le milieu entre notre a grave et l’o grave moyen des mots fort! encore! etc.

this sound, as abundant in the Far East as in our own Lower Normandy occupies the ground between our à sound and the middle o of words like fort! and encore!

Tout phonème suppose un réseau d’oppositions avec les autres phonèmes du même système. La thèse saussurienne précise: «Les phonèmes sont avant tout des entités oppositives, relative et négatives.»

Every phoneme assumes a network of contrasts with other phonemes in the same system. In de Saussure's words: "Phonemes are defined above all by opposition, relativity, by what they are not."

(phonetics, phonology) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound in a given language)


Klick

de-noun

Klick m (strong, genitive Klicks, plural Klicks)


intervocalic

/ˌɪntəvəʊˈkælɪk/

(phonetics) Existing or occurring between vowels.


framburður

fo-noun

framburður m (genitive singular framburðar, plural framburðir)

framburðar (genitive singular)
framburðir (plural)
framburður (indefinite nominative singular)
framburðurin (definite nominative singular)
framburðir (indefinite nominative plural)
framburðirnir (definite nominative plural)
framburð (accusative indefinite singular)
framburðin (accusative definite singular)
framburðir (accusative indefinite plural)
framburðirnar (accusative definite plural)
framburði (dative indefinite singular)
framburðinum (dative definite singular)
framburðum (dative indefinite plural)
framburðunum (dative definite plural)
framburðar (genitive indefinite singular)
framburðarins (definite genitive singular)
framburða (genitive indefinite plural)
framburðanna (definite genitive plural)


opna

is-noun

opna f (genitive singular opnu, nominative plural opnur)

opnu (genitive singular)
opnur (nominative plural)
opna (indefinite nominative singular)
opnan (definite nominative singular)
opnur (indefinite nominative plural)
opnurnar (definite nominative plural)
opnu (accusative indefinite singular)
opnuna (accusative definite singular)
opnur (accusative indefinite plural)
opnurnar (accusative definite plural)
opnu (dative indefinite singular)
opnunni (dative definite singular)
opnum (dative indefinite plural)
opnunum (dative definite plural)
opnu (genitive indefinite singular)
opnunnar (definite genitive singular)
opna (genitive indefinite plural)
opnanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse opna, from Proto-Germanic *upanǭ.

(phonetics) the degree to which the mouth is open when a sound is produced


гласный

ru-adj

гла́сный • (glásnyj)

гла́сный (canonical)
glásnyj (romanization)
гла́сный (masculine nominative)
гла́сное (neuter nominative)
гла́сная (feminine nominative)
гла́сные (nominative plural)
гла́сного (genitive masculine neuter)
гла́сной (feminine genitive)
гла́сных (genitive plural)
гла́сному (dative masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dative feminine)
гла́сным (dative plural)
гла́сного (accusative animate masculine)
гла́сное (accusative neuter)
гла́сную (accusative feminine)
гла́сных (accusative animate plural)
гла́сный (accusative inanimate masculine)
гла́сные (accusative inanimate plural)
гла́сным (instrumental masculine neuter)
гла́сной (feminine instrumental)
гла́сною (feminine instrumental)
гла́сными (instrumental plural)
гла́сном (masculine neuter prepositional)
гла́сной (feminine prepositional)
гла́сных (plural prepositional)
гла́сен (masculine short-form)
гла́сно (neuter short-form)
гла́сна (feminine short-form)
гла́сны (plural short-form)
гла́сный (dated masculine nominative)
гла́сное (dated neuter nominative)
гла́сная (dated feminine nominative)
гла́сные (dated masculine nominative plural)
гла́сныя (dated feminine neuter nominative plural)
гла́снаго (dated genitive masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dated feminine genitive)
гла́сныхъ (dated feminine genitive masculine neuter)
гла́сному (dated dative masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dated dative feminine)
гла́снымъ (dated dative feminine masculine neuter)
гла́снаго (accusative animate dated masculine)
гла́сное (accusative dated neuter)
гла́сную (accusative dated feminine)
гла́сныхъ (accusative animate dated feminine masculine neuter)
гла́сный (accusative dated inanimate masculine)
гла́сные (accusative dated inanimate masculine plural)
гла́сныя (accusative dated feminine inanimate neuter plural)
гла́снымъ (dated instrumental masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dated feminine instrumental)
гла́сною (dated feminine instrumental)
гла́сными (dated feminine instrumental masculine neuter)
гла́сномъ (dated masculine neuter prepositional)
гла́сной (dated feminine prepositional)
гла́сныхъ (dated feminine masculine neuter prepositional)
гла́сенъ (dated masculine short-form)
гла́сно (dated neuter short-form)
гла́сна (dated feminine short-form)
гла́сны (dated feminine masculine neuter short-form)

From глас (glas, “voice”) + -ный (-nyj). The phonetic sense is a semantic loan from Latin vōcālis.


гласный

ru-noun+

гла́сный • (glásnyj) m inan or m anim (genitive гла́сного, nominative plural гла́сные, genitive plural гла́сных)

гла́сный (canonical)
glásnyj (romanization)
гла́сного (genitive)
гла́сные (nominative plural)
гла́сных (genitive plural)
гла́сный (nominative singular)
гла́сные (nominative plural)
гла́сного (genitive singular)
гла́сных (genitive plural)
гла́сному (dative singular)
гла́сным (dative plural)
гла́сного (accusative animate singular)
гла́сных (accusative animate plural)
гла́сный (accusative inanimate singular)
гла́сные (accusative inanimate plural)
гла́сным (instrumental singular)
гла́сными (instrumental plural)
гла́сном (prepositional singular)
гла́сных (plural prepositional)
гла́сный (dated nominative singular)
гла́сные (dated nominative plural)
гла́снаго (dated genitive singular)
гла́сныхъ (dated genitive plural)
гла́сному (dated dative singular)
гла́снымъ (dated dative plural)
гла́снаго (accusative animate dated singular)
гла́сныхъ (accusative animate dated plural)
гла́сный (accusative dated inanimate singular)
гла́сные (accusative dated inanimate plural)
гла́снымъ (dated instrumental singular)
гла́сными (dated instrumental plural)
гла́сномъ (dated prepositional singular)
гла́сныхъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: glasnoi


a

Pronunciation of IPA [aː]

(IPA, phonetics) an open front or central unrounded vowel.


lenis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lenis.wav

Borrowed from Latin lēnis (“soft, smooth”).

All vowels, whether short or complex, are relatively shorter when followed by a fortis consonant and relatively longer when followed by a lenis one or, for those where this is possible, when no consonant follows (in free or unchecked syllables).

2004, Stephan Gramley, Michael Pätzold, A Survey of Modern English, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:

(phonetics, of a consonant) Weakly articulated, hence voiced; especially as compared to the others of a group of homorganic consonants.


lenition

en-noun

lenition (countable and uncountable, plural lenitions)

Analyzable as lenis + -ition, or as if from Latin lēnīt(us) + -ion, or Latin lēnītiō (“softening”) from lēniō (“soften”) + -tiō (action noun suffix) (attested since at least the 1500s, the same timeframe lenition is first attested in English with the sense "assuaging"). Modelled on German Lenierung.

affix

Coordinate term: assimilation

One of these processes, the process of T-Lenition, is extremely common, even though it takes place only when the input consonant is adjacent to a small number of affixes. In this change, a stopped consonant, [p t k b d g], becomes a fricative, [s, z, š, ž]. This process is called lenition, or weakening.

2001, Robert Stockwell, Donka Minkova, English Words: History and Structure, page 104:

Environments are an essential part of any discussion of lenition. Textbooks often describe lenition as occurring in the weak intervocalic or word-final environments. The canonical examples of lenition given earlier in (1) through (3) all occur either between vowels or between sonorants.

2001, Lisa M. Lavoie, Consonant Strength: Phonological Patterns and Phonetic Manifestations, page 7:

2008, Krzysztof Jaskula, Celtic, Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho, Tobias Scheer, Philippe Ségéral (editors), Lenition and Fortition, Studies in Generative Grammar: 99, page 347,
As for Goidelic languages, the situation is clearer because Lenition III in this subfamily consisted in losing the same property as the first two lenitions, namely stopness.

2011, Naomi Gurevich, 66: Lenition, Marc van Oostendorp, Colin J. Ewen, Elizabeth V. Hume, Keren Rice (editors), The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, Volume III: Phonological Processes, page 1573,
Five general patterns of lenitions – all based to some extent on empirical data – are identified.

(phonetics, phonology) A weakening of articulation causing a consonant to become lenis (soft).


breathed

(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) voiceless, contrasting with voiced


excursion

Borrowed from Latin excursio (“a running out, an inroad, invasion, a setting out, beginning of a speech”), from excurrere (“to run out”), from ex (“out”) + currere (“to run”).

bor

(phonetics) A deviation in pitch, for example in the syllables of enthusiastic speech.


metathesis

en-noun

metathesis (countable and uncountable, plural metatheses)

→ Malay: metatesis

Borrowed from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis), from μετά (metá, “among”) + θέσις (thésis, “placement”).

af

(phonetics, prosody) The transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word, such as in ask as /æks/.

vendkëmbim

the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word

перестано́вка

зву́ков и́ли слого́в в слова́х


SSB

Standard Southern British
w:Standard Southern British

(phonetics) Initialism of Standard Southern British.


plats

head

plats (definite platais, comparative platāks, superlative visplatākais, adverb plati)

platais (definite)
platāks (comparative)
visplatākais (superlative)
plati (adverb)
plats (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
plati (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
plata (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
platas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
platu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
platus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
platu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
platas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
plata (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
platu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
platas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
platu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
platam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
platiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
platai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
platām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
platu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
platiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
platu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
platām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
platā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
platos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
platā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
platās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *platús, from *pl̥th₂us < *pleth₂- (“flat”). In Latvian, former u-stem adjectives were assimilated into other classes; *platus gave rise to both an o-stem and a yo-stem variant which later on became independent words, plats and plašs, with different semantic nuances (compare also dobs and dobjš, or ass and ašs); this separation began in the 18th century but became complete only in the 1870s. Cognates include Lithuanian platùs, Old Prussian plat- (from a placename, Platmedyen, where median = “forest”), Sanskrit पृथु (pṛthu, “broad, wide, great, powerful”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, wide, flat, smooth”).

cog

platais patskanis

platais e, ē ― broad, lax e, ē (i.e., [æ] instead of [ɛ])

(phonetics) broad, lax (pronounced with relatively large mouth opening)


Slavic Phonetic Alphabet
Slavic Phonetic Alphabet#English

(phonetics) palatalization symbol in Slavic Phonetic Alphabet – more correctly the modifier letter ⟨ʹ⟩


(phonetics) See ˚ and ◌̊ for the ring, a diacritical mark.


iro

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) + ró (“to sound”)


voicing

(phonetics) The articulatory process in which the vocal cords vibrate.

(phonetics, phonology) A classification of speech sounds that tend to be associated with vocal cord vibration.

清濁 /清浊

phonetics: classification of speech sounds


antiphony

en-noun

antiphony (countable and uncountable, plural antiphonies)

Still another phase of language which interests Professor Orr is that of vowel antiphony in the functional development of language; e.g. the “front-back” vowel sequence (tittle-tattle, et patati et patata, etc.).

1953, The French Review, volume 27, page 300:

Roman Jakobson gives evidence to show how language uses ‘antiphony’ or vowel opposition in pairs of words with opposite meanings: ‘gleam’ and ‘gloom’, ‘here’ and ‘there’, or in French ‘petit’ and ‘grand’.

2000, Edward Nye, Literary and Linguistic Theories in Eighteenth-Century France: From Nuances to Impertinence, →ISBN, page 175:

The various types of reduplication […] include full reduplication (tum-tum), […] vowel antiphony (flip-flop, criss-cross) […]

2019, Paul Rastall, Bottom-Up Linguistics: Perspectives and Explorations with a Postscript on Language and Reality, →ISBN, page 36:

(phonetics) Synonym of apophony (“contrastive vowel modification”).


ā

Āā Ǟǟ Ḇḇ C̄c̄ Ḏḏ Ēē Ḕḕ Ḗḗ Ḡḡ ẖ Īī Ḹḹ Ḻḻ Ṉṉ Ōō Ȫȫ Ṑṑ Ṓṓ R̄r̄ Ṝṝ Ṟṟ Ṯṯ Ūū Ǘǘ Ǖǖ Ṻṻ Ȳȳ Ẕẕ Ǣǣ

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel a


stopped

en-adj

stopped (comparative more stopped, superlative most stopped)

more stopped (comparative)
most stopped (superlative)

From stop + -ed. In some senses, the adjective follows from the verb; in others, it may derive directly from the noun stop.

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

þ was first voiced and then stopped , becoming d

1874, Henry Sweet, A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period:

(phonetics) Made by complete closure of the organs in the mouth; said of certain consonants such as b, d, p, and t.


apheresis

en-noun

apheresis (countable and uncountable, plural aphereses)

/əˈfɪəɹɪsɪs/

/ˌæfəˈɹisɪs/

From Latin aphaeresis, from Ancient Greek ἀφαίρεσις (aphaíresis, “a taking away”), from ἀφαιρέω (aphairéō) (from ἀφ- (aph-), variant of ἀπό (apó, “off, away from”) before an aspirated vowel) + αἱρέω (hairéō, “to take; to snatch”)) + -σις (-sis, suffix forming nouns of action); the grammatical sense developed in Latin.

der

en:loss of sound or letter at start of word

(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial.

raktroc'h

loss of letters or sounds from the beginning of a word


stressed

en-adj

stressed (comparative more stressed, superlative most stressed)

more stressed (comparative)
most stressed (superlative)


ψ

(turned) a voiced retroflex click, IPA ⟨ɡ͜𝼊⟩.

(phonetics, dated) a voiceless retroflex click, IPA ⟨k͜𝼊⟩.


binden

de-verb

binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben)

bindet (present singular third-person)
band (past)
gebunden (participle past)
bände (past subjunctive)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
binden (infinitive)
bindend (participle present)
gebunden (participle past)
binde (first-person indicative present singular)
binden (first-person indicative plural present)
binde (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
binden (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
bindest (indicative present second-person singular)
bindet (indicative plural present second-person)
bindest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
bindet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
bindet (indicative present singular third-person)
binden (indicative plural present third-person)
binde (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
binden (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
band (first-person indicative preterite singular)
banden (first-person indicative plural preterite)
bände (first-person formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
bänden (first-person formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
bandest (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bandst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bandet (indicative plural preterite second-person)
bändest (formal rare second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
bändet (formal plural rare second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
band (indicative preterite singular third-person)
banden (indicative plural preterite third-person)
bände (formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
bänden (formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
bind (imperative second-person singular)
binde (imperative second-person singular)
bindet (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe gebunden (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben gebunden (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest gebunden (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet gebunden (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe gebunden (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben gebunden (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte gebunden (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten gebunden (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
binden werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest binden (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde binden (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde binden (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden binden (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest binden (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde binden (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
gebunden haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

From Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde.

Französische Substantive werden im Singular nicht gebunden.

There is no liaison with French singular nouns.

(phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison


voiced

(phonetics) Sounded with vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the phone [z] is voiced, while [s] is unvoiced.

tingullor

sounded with vibration of the vocal cords


raising

en-noun

raising (countable and uncountable, plural raisings)

Inherited from Middle English reysynge; equivalent to raise + -ing.

(linguistics, phonetics) A sound change in which a vowel or consonant becomes higher or raised, meaning that the tongue becomes more elevated or positioned closer to the roof of the mouth than before.


apical

(phonetics, phonology, of a sound) Produced with the tip of the tongue.

apical

phonetics: produced with the tip of the tongue


apical

(phonetics) A sound produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue.


apical

(phonetics, of a phoneme) apical (produced with the tip of the tongue)


apical

(phonetics) apical (a sound produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue)


妨げ音

妨げ音 (canonical)
samatageon (romanization)


sonorant

(phonetics) A speech sound that is produced without turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; the generic term of vowel, approximant, nasal consonant, etc.


obstruent

Learned borrowing from Latin obstruēns, obstruentis.

lbor

Lehmann (1998:77) and Steever (1998: 14, 16) considered āytam an allophone of Tamil /y/ before obstruents, but there is no real evidence for this assumption.

2003, Bhadiraju Krishnamurti, The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN:

(phonetics) A consonant sound formed by obstructing the airway, causing turbulence; a plosive, fricative, or affricate.


共鳴音

[kʲo̞ːme̞ːõ̞ɴ]

From 共鳴(きょうめい) (kyōmei, “resonance”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


occlusion

en-noun

occlusion (countable and uncountable, plural occlusions)

Borrowed from Late Latin occlūsiō, occlūsiōnis (“occluding, obstruction”), from the Classical Latin occlūdō (“I shut up or close up; I restrain”), from ob + claudō (“I shut or close”).

der

(phonetics) A closure within the vocal tract that produces an oral stop or nasal stop.


excrescence

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-excrescence.wav

From Middle English, early 15th century, in sense “(action of) growing out (of something else)”. Borrowed from Latin excrescentia (“abnormal growths”), from excrescentem, from excrēscere, from ex- (“out”) (English ex-) + crēscere (“to grow”) (English crescent). Sense of “abnormal growth” from 1570s, from earlier excrescency (1540s in this sense).

(phonetics) The epenthesis of a consonant, e.g., warmth as [ˈwɔrmpθ] (adding a [p] between [m] and [θ]), or -t (Etymology 2).


ē

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel e


approximant

From Latin approximāns. In the phonetics sense first used by Peter Ladefoged, the mathematical concept is attributed to Paul Halmos.

(phonetics) A consonant sound made by slightly narrowing the vocal tract, while still allowing a smooth flow of air. Liquids and glides are approximants.

ձայնորդ

consonant made by slightly narrowing the vocal tract


Konsonant

de-noun

Konsonant m (weak, genitive Konsonanten, plural Konsonanten)

Konsonanten (genitive)
Konsonanten (plural)
Konsonant (nominative singular)
Konsonanten (definite nominative plural)
Konsonanten (genitive singular)
Konsonanten (definite genitive plural)
Konsonanten (dative singular)
Konsonanten (dative definite plural)
Konsonanten (accusative singular)
Konsonanten (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin (littera) cōnsonāns (“consonant”) (accusative singular cōnsonantem).


Vokal

de-noun

Vokal m (strong, genitive Vokales or Vokals, plural Vokale)

Vokales (genitive)
Vokals (genitive)
Vokale (plural)
Vokal (nominative singular)
Vokale (definite nominative plural)
Vokales (genitive singular)
Vokals (genitive singular)
Vokale (definite genitive plural)
Vokal (dative singular)
Vokale (dative singular)
Vokalen (dative definite plural)
Vokal (accusative singular)
Vokale (accusative definite plural)

15th century, from Latin (littera) vōcālis (“vowel”).

(linguistics) vowel
(phonetics) vowel sound


coronal

en-adj

coronal (comparative more coronal, superlative most coronal)

more coronal (comparative)
most coronal (superlative)

From Middle English coronal, from Anglo-Norman coronal, from Latin corōnālis (“related to a crown”), from corōna (“crown”).

(phonetics) Relating to a sound made with the tip or blade of the tongue.


coronal

This structurally accounts for a number of phenomena that treat coronals asymetrically with respect to other places of articulation.

2011, Mirco Ghini, Asymmetries in the Phonology of Miogliola, page 34:

(phonetics) A consonant produced with the tip or blade of the tongue.

coronaal

consonant produced with tip or blade of tongue


coronal

fr-adj

coronal (feminine coronale, masculine plural coronaux, feminine plural coronales)

coronale (feminine)
coronaux (masculine plural)
coronales (feminine plural)

From Latin corōnālis, from corōna (“a crown”).

(anatomy, astronomy, botany, phonetics) coronal


coronal

coronal (relating to a crown or coronation)

(phonetics) (relating to a sound made with the tip or blade of tongue)


coronal

(phonetics) coronal (consonant produced with tip or blade of tongue)


coronal

es-adj

coronal m or f (masculine and feminine plural coronales)

(phonetics) coronal (relating to a sound produced with the tip or blade of the tongue)


coronal

(phonetics) coronal (a consonant produced with the tip or blade of the tongue)


konsonant

konsonant (nominative singular)
konsonanty (nominative plural)
konsonantu (genitive singular)
konsonantů (genitive plural)
konsonantu (dative singular)
konsonantům (dative plural)
konsonant (accusative singular)
konsonanty (accusative plural)
konsonante (singular vocative)
konsonanty (plural vocative)
konsonantu (locative singular)
konsonantech (locative plural)
konsonantem (instrumental singular)
konsonanty (instrumental plural)


konsonant

konsonant (indefinite nominative singular)
konsonanten (definite nominative singular)
konsonanter (indefinite nominative plural)
konsonanterne (definite nominative plural)
konsonants (genitive indefinite singular)
konsonantens (definite genitive singular)
konsonanters (genitive indefinite plural)
konsonanternes (definite genitive plural)


konsonant

konsonanten (definite singular)
konsonanter (indefinite plural)
konsonantene (definite plural)


konsonant

konsonanten (definite singular)
konsonantar (indefinite plural)
konsonantane (definite plural)


konsonant

sh-noun

konsònant m (Cyrillic spelling консо̀нант)

konsònant (canonical masculine)
консо̀нант (Cyrillic)
konsònant (nominative singular)
konsonanti (nominative plural)
konsonanta (genitive singular)
konsònanātā (genitive plural)
konsonantu (dative singular)
konsonantima (dative plural)
konsonant (accusative singular)
konsonante (accusative plural)
konsonante (singular vocative)
konsonanti (plural vocative)
konsonantu (locative singular)
konsonantima (locative plural)
konsonantom (instrumental singular)
konsonantima (instrumental plural)


konsonant

konsonant (indefinite nominative singular)
konsonants (genitive indefinite singular)
konsonanten (definite nominative singular)
konsonantens (definite genitive singular)
konsonanter (indefinite nominative plural)
konsonanters (genitive indefinite plural)
konsonanterna (definite nominative plural)
konsonanternas (definite genitive plural)


konsonant

head

konsonant (definite accusative konsonantı, plural konsonantlar)

konsonantı (accusative definite)
konsonantlar (plural)
konsonant (nominative singular)
konsonantlar (nominative plural)
konsonantı (accusative definite singular)
konsonantları (accusative definite plural)
konsonanta (dative singular)
konsonantlara (dative plural)
konsonantta (locative singular)
konsonantlarda (locative plural)
konsonanttan (ablative singular)
konsonantlardan (ablative plural)
konsonantın (genitive singular)
konsonantların (genitive plural)
konsonantım (first-person singular)
konsonantlarım (first-person singular)
konsonantsın (second-person singular)
konsonantlarsın (second-person singular)
konsonant (singular third-person)
konsonanttır (singular third-person)
konsonantlar (singular third-person)
konsonantlardır (singular third-person)
konsonantız (first-person plural)
konsonantlarız (first-person plural)
konsonantsınız (plural second-person)
konsonantlarsınız (plural second-person)
konsonantlar (plural third-person)
konsonantlardır (plural third-person)


konsonant

konsonant (nominative singular)
konsonantad (nominative plural)
konsonantan (accusative singular)
konsonantad (accusative plural)
konsonantan (genitive singular)
konsonantiden (genitive plural)
konsonantad (partitive singular)
konsonantid (partitive plural)
konsonantan (essive-instructive singular)
konsonantin (essive-instructive plural)
konsonantaks (singular translative)
konsonantikš (plural translative)
konsonantas (inessive singular)
konsonantiš (inessive plural)
konsonantaspäi (elative singular)
konsonantišpäi (elative plural)
konsonantaha (illative singular)
konsonantha (illative singular)
konsonantihe (illative plural)
konsonantal (adessive singular)
konsonantil (adessive plural)
konsonantalpäi (ablative singular)
konsonantilpäi (ablative plural)
konsonantale (allative singular)
konsonantile (allative plural)
konsonantata (abessive singular)
konsonantita (abessive plural)
konsonantanke (comitative singular)
konsonantidenke (comitative plural)
konsonantadme (prolative singular)
konsonantidme (plural prolative)
konsonantanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
konsonantidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
konsonantannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
konsonantidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
konsonantannopäi (egressive singular)
konsonantidennopäi (egressive plural)
konsonantahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
konsonanthasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
konsonantihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
konsonantalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
konsonantilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
konsonantassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
konsonantahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
konsonanthapäi (additive additive-i singular)
konsonantihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
konsonantalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
konsonantilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


atonic

Coordinate term: subtonic

(phonetics, dated) A sound with lack of tone or vocality.


Reibelaut

de-noun

Reibelaut m (strong, genitive Reibelautes or Reibelauts, plural Reibelaute)

Reibelautes (genitive)
Reibelauts (genitive)
Reibelaute (plural)

[ˈʁaɪ̯bəˌlaʊ̯t]


retract

en-verb

retract (third-person singular simple present retracts, present participle retracting, simple past and past participle retracted)

retracts (present singular third-person)
retracting (participle present)
retracted (participle past)
retracted (past)

From Late Middle English retracten, retract (“to absorb, draw in”), from Latin retractus (“withdrawn”), the perfect passive participle of Latin retrahō (“to draw or pull back, withdraw; to bring back; to compel to turn back; to recall; to get back, recover; to hold back, restrain, withhold; to remove, take away; to bring to light again; (Late Latin) to delay”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + trahō (“to drag, pull; to extract, withdraw”) (apparently ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to drag, pull (?)”), a variant of *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). Doublet of retreat.

der

(phonetics) To pronounce (a sound, especially a vowel) farther to the back of the vocal tract.

後移 /后移

to pronounce (a sound, especially a vowel) farther to the back of the vocal tract


sordo

es-adj

sordo (feminine sorda, masculine plural sordos, feminine plural sordas)

sorda (feminine)
sordos (masculine plural)
sordas (feminine plural)

sonoro

antonym(s) of “voiceless, as in a consonant”

Inherited from Old Spanish sordo, from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”). Compare English surd.


preaspiration

/ˌpɹiːˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-preaspiration.wav

(phonetics) A period of voiceless breathing that precedes some consonants in some languages—a sort of mirror-image of aspiration.


llano

es-adj

llano (feminine llana, masculine plural llanos, feminine plural llanas)

llana (feminine)
llanos (masculine plural)
llanas (feminine plural)

→ Portuguese: lhano

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Inherited from Latin plānus. Compare the borrowed doublet plano. Cognate with Galician chan and Portuguese chão.

Coordinate term: agudo

(phonetics) paroxytone (penultimate accented)


syncope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).


retracted

My guess is that he substitutes a schwa sound for the retracted r in final position.

1987, Rex Burns, Suicide Season, Viking, →ISBN, page 109:

(phonetics, of a sound) Pronounced further back in the vocal tract.

hátrébb képzett

(phonetics) pronounced further back in the vocal tract


hard c

(phonetics) The "c" sound pronounced /k/, as in "cat" and "cabin", as distinct from the soft c, pronounced /s/, in "cent", "center" and "circuit".


गुरुत्व

gurutva (romanization)
गुरुत्व (direct singular)
गुरुत्व (direct plural)
गुरुत्व (oblique singular)
गुरुत्वों (oblique plural)
गुरुत्व (singular vocative)
गुरुत्वो (plural vocative)

/ɡʊ.ɾʊt̪.ʋə/

[ɡʊ.ɾʊt̪.wɐ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुरुत्व (gurutva). Equivalent to गुरु (guru) + -त्व (-tva).


hard g

Hard g at last found his cap and again became Hard G, after which the fight was renewed.

1882, H.M. Dickson, The Elocutionist..., p. 41

(phonetics) The plosive /g/ sound in "get", "log" and "give" as distinct from the soft g in "gem", "giraffe", "lodge" and "generation".


kar

az-adj

kar (comparative daha kar, superlative ən kar)

daha kar (comparative)
ən kar (superlative)

kar samitlər


(phonetics) A common ad hoc letter for a retroflex click, IPA ⟨ 𝼊 ⟩. The character U+203C is recommended for this use by Unicode and is supported by SIL fonts (e.g. proper placement of IPA diacritics).


ráz

ráz (nominative singular)
rázy (nominative plural)
rázu (genitive singular)
rázů (genitive plural)
rázu (dative singular)
rázům (dative plural)
ráz (accusative singular)
rázy (accusative plural)
ráze (singular vocative)
rázy (plural vocative)
rázu (locative singular)
rázech (locative plural)
rázem (instrumental singular)
rázy (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech ráz, from Proto-Slavic *razъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from razit.


breu

Inherited from Latin brevem. Compare Occitan brèu.


guttural

en-adj

guttural (comparative more guttural, superlative most guttural)

more guttural (comparative)
most guttural (superlative)

From Middle French guttural, from New Latin gutturālis, from Latin guttur (“throat”) + -ālis.

(phonetics) having a place of articulation towards the back of the mouth; in modern use, uvular, pharyngeal, or glottal; in earlier or non-technical use, also including velar.

гърлен

phonetics: articulated at the back of the mouth


retroflex

retroflex (comparative more retroflex, superlative most retroflex)

more retroflex (comparative)
most retroflex (superlative)

From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).

apiko-postalveolar

of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge

lamino-postalveolar

of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge

(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate.

subapiko-palatal

of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate

subapical palatal

of pronunciation with the tongue underside

(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.

(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.


retroflex

spółgłoska apikalna zadziąsłowa

consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge

spółgłoska laminalna zadziąsłowa

consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge

(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the underside of the tongue approaching or touching the palate.

spółgłoska subapikalno-prepalatalna

consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate

(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.

(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the blade of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.


retroflex

de-adj

retroflex (strong nominative masculine singular retroflexer, not comparable)

retroflexer (masculine nominative singular strong)
retroflex (masculine predicative singular)
retroflex (feminine predicative singular)
retroflex (neuter predicative singular)
retroflex (plural predicative)
retroflexer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
retroflexes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (nominative plural strong without-article)
retroflexen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
retroflexer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
retroflexen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
retroflexer (genitive plural strong without-article)
retroflexem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
retroflexer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
retroflexem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
retroflexen (dative plural strong without-article)
retroflexen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
retroflexes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (accusative plural strong without-article)
der retroflexe (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die retroflexe (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das retroflexe (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die retroflexen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des retroflexen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der retroflexen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des retroflexen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der retroflexen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem retroflexen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der retroflexen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem retroflexen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den retroflexen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den retroflexen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die retroflexe (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das retroflexe (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die retroflexen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein retroflexer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine retroflexe (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein retroflexes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
retroflexen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine retroflexen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines retroflexen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer retroflexen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines retroflexen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
retroflexen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner retroflexen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem retroflexen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer retroflexen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem retroflexen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
retroflexen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen retroflexen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen retroflexen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine retroflexe (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein retroflexes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
retroflexen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine retroflexen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)


語音學

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ jɐm⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ jɐm⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/


lene

Anglicisation of Latin lēnis. Doublet of lenis.

(phonetics) The smooth breathing (spiritus lenis).

When in a crasis, a lene consonant […] is combined with an aspirated vowel, the lene is always changed (except in the Ionic dialect) into the corresponding aspirate […]

(phonetics) A voiceless, or unaspirated, stopped consonant, such as Greek pi, kappa, or tau.


muet

fr-adj

muet (feminine muette, masculine plural muets, feminine plural muettes)

muette (feminine)
muets (masculine plural)
muettes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French mut, muet, from Old French mu, mut, mui, from Latin mūtus, of Proto-Indo-European origin.

« Le » et « la » deviennent « l’ » devant une voyelle ou un « h » muet.

Le and la become l' before a vowel or a silent "h".


губной

ru-adj

губно́й • (gubnój)

губно́й (canonical)
gubnój (romanization)
губно́й (masculine nominative)
губно́е (neuter nominative)
губна́я (feminine nominative)
губны́е (nominative plural)
губно́го (genitive masculine neuter)
губно́й (feminine genitive)
губны́х (genitive plural)
губно́му (dative masculine neuter)
губно́й (dative feminine)
губны́м (dative plural)
губно́го (accusative animate masculine)
губно́е (accusative neuter)
губну́ю (accusative feminine)
губны́х (accusative animate plural)
губно́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
губны́е (accusative inanimate plural)
губны́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
губно́й (feminine instrumental)
губно́ю (feminine instrumental)
губны́ми (instrumental plural)
губно́м (masculine neuter prepositional)
губно́й (feminine prepositional)
губны́х (plural prepositional)


ʞ

(superscript ⟨𐞾⟩, IPA) [ʞ]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʞ]-release.

A minus diacritic, [ʞ᫢], may be used to distinguish a uvular release.

(phonetics) A back-released click consonant (voiceless nasal, with a velar or uvular release).

ʞ=deep guttural k.

1892, Franz Boas, Notes on the Chemakum Language, in American Anthropologist

(phonetics, obsolete) A voiceless uvular stop ([q])


implodent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-implodent.wav


implosive

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-implosive.wav

(phonetics) An implosive sound; an implodent.


fronting

en-noun

fronting (countable and uncountable, plural frontings)

(phonetics, phonology) A process whereby a vowel or a consonant is pronounced farther to the front of the vocal tract than some reference point.


wild card

(phonetics, phonology) Alternative form of wildcard (“symbol for a generic sound”)