accrementitial

(physiology) Pertaining to accrementition.


accrementition

en-noun

accrementition (countable and uncountable, plural accrementitions)

(physiology) The process of generation by development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like the individual from which it proceeds.


abduction

Learned borrowing from Latin abductiō(n) (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results).

lbor

(physiology) abductive movement; abduction


acceptor

From Middle English acceptour, from Latin acceptor, with the meanings from accept.

(physiology) A cluster of skin cells that respond to pain


aberration

Unadapted borrowing from Latin aberrātiō(n) (“relief, diversion”), from aberr(ā) (“wander away, go astray”) (from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”)) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Compare English aberration.


accommodation

en-noun

accommodation (countable and uncountable, plural accommodations)

/əˌkɔm.əˈdæɪ.ʃən/

From French accommodation, from Latin accommodātiō (“adjustment, accommodation, compliance”), from accommodō (“adapt, put in order”). Superficially accommodate + -ion. The sense of "lodging" was first attested in 1600.

der

(countable, physiology, biology) The adaptation or adjustment of an organism, organ, or part.


accelerator

* First attested in 1611.
* (motor vehicle): First attested in 1900.
* accelerate + -or

a pedal used to control a vehicle's speed

a device that speeds up computer processing

a key which a user can press to activate a menu

(physiology, medicine) A muscle or nerve that speeds the performance of an action.


absorption

en-noun

absorption (countable and uncountable, plural absorptions)

First attested in 1597. From Latin absorptiō (“a sucking in”), from absorbeō (“absorb”). Morphologically absorb + -tion.

اِسْتِيعَاب

act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything

абсо́рбция

act or process of being absorbed and made to disappear

The act or process of absorbing or of being absorbed as,

(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis.

абсо́рбция

physiology: process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed


absorbent

→ Polish: absorbent

→ Norwegian Bokmål: absorbent

From Latin absorbēns, present active participle of absorbeō (“absorb”).

(physiology, pluralized, now rare) The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.


sky

English: sky

Scots: sky, skie, skey, ske

Yola: skee, skir (verb)

From Old Norse ský, from Proto-Germanic *skiwją. Doublet of skew.


polycrotic

en-adj

polycrotic (comparative more polycrotic, superlative most polycrotic)

more polycrotic (comparative)
most polycrotic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “multiple, many”) + κρότος (krótos, “knocking, rattling”), modeled on dicrotic.

uder

a polycrotic pulse

a polycrotic pulse curve

(physiology) Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism


polycrotism

(physiology) That state or condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary crests or elevations.


smell

en-noun

smell (countable and uncountable, plural smells)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld-
Proto-West Germanic *smalljan
Old English *smiellan
Middle English smellen
English smell
From Middle English smellen, smillen, smyllen, smullen, from Old English *smyllan, *smiellan (“to smell, emit fumes”), from Proto-West Germanic *smallijan (“to glow, burn, smoulder”), from Proto-Indo-European *smel- (“to burn, smoke, smoulder; tar, pitch”). The noun is from Middle English smel, smil, smul (“smell, odour”). Related to Saterland Frisian smeele (“to smoulder”), Middle Dutch smōlen (“to burn, smoulder”) (whence Dutch smeulen (“to smoulder”)), Middle Low German smölen (“to be hazy, be dusty”) (whence Low German smölen (“smoulder”)), Low German smullen (“emit smoke”), West Flemish smoel (“stuffy, muggy, hazy”), Danish smul (“dust, powder”), Lithuanian smilkyti (“to incense, fumigate”), Lithuanian smilkti (“to smudge, smolder, fume, reek”), Lithuanian smalkinti (“to fume”), Middle Irish smál, smól, smúal (“fire, gleed, embers, ashes”), Russian смола́ (smolá, “resin, tar”). Compare smoulder, smother.

cog

(physiology) The sense that detects odours.


relaxed

en-adj

relaxed (comparative more relaxed, superlative most relaxed)

more relaxed (comparative)
most relaxed (superlative)

From relax + -ed, originally after Latin relaxātus.

It was a very wet morning. I woke relaxed and melancholy as in the country, and walked about an hour under cover, in the middle of the town […].

1790, James Boswell, edited by Marlies K. Danziger and Frank Brady, Boswell: The Great Biographer, Yale, published 1989, page 54:

(obsolete, physiology) Made slack or feeble; weak, soft.

(physiology) Of a muscle: soft, not tensed.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event

When a neuron fires, it transmits information.

(intransitive, physiology) To cause an action potential in a cell.

afgaan

physiology: to cause action potential in a cell


synergy

en-noun

synergy (countable and uncountable, plural synergies)

From Ancient Greek συνεργία (sunergía, “cooperation”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

der

the digestive synergy

(physiology) The cooperation of two or more nerves, muscles, organs, etc.


TV

en-noun

TV (countable and uncountable, plural TVs)

→ Thai: ทีวี (tii-wii)

→ Vietnamese: ti vi

(physiology) Initialism of tidal volume.


secrete

en-verb

secrete (third-person singular simple present secretes, present participle secreting, simple past and past participle secreted)

secretes (present singular third-person)
secreting (participle present)
secreted (participle past)
secreted (past)

First directly attested in 1728; attested as the past-participial adjective secreted in 1707: from Latin sēcrētus, perfect passive participle of sēcernō (“I separate”); reinforced by back-formation from secretion; compare secern; cognate with French sécréter and the Spanish secretar.

Why one set of cells should secrete bile, another urea, and so on, we do not know.

1842, William Benjamin Carpenter, Principles of Human Physiology:

Many tumors secrete two or more different hormones.

2008, Stephen J. McPheeMaxine A. Papadakiset al., Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, McGraw-Hill Medical, page 1202:

(physiology, transitive, of organs, glands, etc.) To extract a substance from blood, sap, or similar to produce and emit waste for excretion or for the fulfilling of a physiological function.


ERP

en-noun

ERP (countable and uncountable, plural ERPs)

effective refractory period
w:effective refractory period

(countable, physiology) Initialism of effective refractory period.


juice

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

(uncountable) Any liquid resembling juice.

(physiology) bodily secretion, especially that secreted by the glands of the stomach and intestines.


stimulus

Borrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).

bor+

Even light nonpainful stimuli can provoke or exacerbate spontaneous pain; this is not limited to tactile, thermal, or vibratory stimuli, because auditory, visual, olfactory, and visceral stimuli also may be problematic.

2002, Kim Burchiel, Surgical Management of Pain, Thieme, →ISBN, page 44:

(physiology, psychology, medicine) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses.

ազդակ

something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response


stimulus

stimulus (indefinite nominative singular)

(physiology, psychology, medicine) stimulus


homunculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin homunculus (“little man”). Compare the adapted borrowing omuncolo.

ubor

homunculus corticale

homunculus motorio

(physiology, neuroscience) homunculus (nerve map realized as a distorted representation of the human body)


system

→ Japanese: システム (shisutemu)

Partly borrowed from Middle French sisteme, systeme, partly directly from its etymon Late Latin systēma (“harmony; musical scale; set of celestial objects; set of troops; system”), from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠνίστημῐ (sunístēmi, “to combine, organize”) + -μᾰ (-ma, resultative suffix). σῠνίστημῐ is from σῠν- (sun-, “with, together”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).
Cognate with Dutch systeem, modern French système, German System, Italian sistema, Portuguese sistema, Spanish sistema. Doublet of systema.

sistem

the digestive system  the nervous system

Animals have evolved a variety of digestive systems to utilise fibre. The kangaroos have evolved a digestive system that has much in common with those found in ruminant mammals from other continents, but there are also unique features.

1995, Terence J. Dawson, “Living in the Environment – Feeding”, in Kangaroos: Biology of the Largest Marsupials, Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, published 1998, →ISBN, page 102:

A group or set of related things that operate together as a complex whole.

(physiology) A set of body organs having a particular function.

系統

(physiology) set of body organs having a particular function


system

pl-noun

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

(physiology) system (set of body organs having a particular function)


pulse

From Late Middle English pulse, Middle English pous, pouse (“regular beat of arteries, pulse; heartbeat; place on the body where a pulse is detectable; beat (of a musical instrument); energy, vitality”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman puls, pous, pus, and Middle French pouls, poulz, pous [and other forms], Old French pous, pulz (“regular beat of arteries; place on the body where a pulse is detectable”) (modern French pouls), and from their etymon Latin pulsus (“beat, impulse, pulse, stroke; regular beat of arteries or the heart”), from pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to banish, eject, expel; to set in motion; to strike”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, strike; to drive; to push, thrust”)) + -sus (a variant of -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)).

nb...

pouce, pounce, pouns, pounse, pousse, pouz, puls

der

A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.

puls

normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them

Her pulse was thready and weak.

[A] Pulſe which is ſlow and large denotes ſufficient remains of ſtrength, tenſion, and thickneſs of the fibres of the heart and arteries, and a viſcid and tenacious blood. All unequal Pulſes are very bad, ſince they denote that there is neither a due influx of the ſpirits, nor a proper and equal mixture of the blood; but particularly ſuch Pulſes always prognoſticate unlucky events, when they are weak.

1764, “№ XXVII. A Dissertation on the Pulse, and the Dijudication Drawn therefrom.”, in The Medical Museum: Or, A Repository of Cases, Experiments, Researches, and Discoveries Collected at Home and Abroad […], volume III, London: […] W. Richardson and S. Clark; and sold by W. Bristow, […], →OCLC, page 216:

[M]y experience is that men may enjoy better health, do more work, have clearer brains, a steadier pulse, and go on to old age better without alcohol than with.

1870 May 21, Thomas Cash, “United Kingdom Band of Hope Union. Annual Conference.”, in The Temperance Record. The Organ of the National Temperance League, number 738, London: William Tweedie, […], →OCLC, page 247, column 2:

The nature or rate of this beat as an indication of a person's health.


adduct

en-verb

adduct (third-person singular simple present adducts, present participle adducting, simple past and past participle adducted)

adducts (present singular third-person)
adducting (participle present)
adducted (participle past)
adducted (past)

Borrowed from Latin adductus, past participle of adduco. See adduce.

Coordinate term: circumduct

(transitive, physiology) To draw towards a center or a middle line.


steppe

English: step

Scots: step, stap, stop

From Old English stæpe, stepe, from Proto-West Germanic *stapi. The (historical) geminate is due to the influence of steppen.

An imprint or sign of something; that which something leaves as evidence:

(figurative) The remains left by an injury or disease.


urine

en-noun

urine (usually uncountable, plural urines)

From Middle English uryne, from Latin ūrīna (“urine”), from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade of *woh₁-r̥ (“water, liquid, milk”). Related to *h₁ówHdʰr̥ (“udder”) (see udder). Cognate with Old English ūriġ (“wet, moist”). Displaced native English land (“urine”), (Middle English land, from Old English hland (“urine”)).

An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

(physiology) Liquid waste consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra.


urine

id-noun

urinê (first-person possessive urineku, second-person possessive urinemu, third-person possessive urinenya)

urinê (canonical)
urineku (first-person possessive)
urinemu (possessive second-person)
urinenya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch urine, from Middle Dutch urine, from older orine, from Old French orine, urine, from Latin urina.

(physiology) urine: liquid waste consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra.


mucus

en-noun

mucus (usually uncountable, plural mucuses or muci)

The mucus in coryza may vary from runny to viscous.

(physiology) A slippery secretion from the lining of the mucous membranes.


mucus

→ Turkish: mukus


mucus

mucus (accusative indefinite nominative)
mucusul (accusative definite nominative)
mucus (indefinite)
mucusului (definite)
mucusule (vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mūcus. Doublet of muc.


PSP

PSP (countable and uncountable, plural PSPs)

postsynaptic potential
postsynaptic potential#English

(physiology) Initialism of postsynaptic potential.


drop

en-verb

drop (third-person singular simple present drops, present participle dropping, simple past and past participle dropped or (archaic) dropt)

drops (present singular third-person)
dropping (participle present)
dropped (participle past)
dropped (past)
dropt (archaic participle past)
dropt (archaic past)

From Middle English droppen, dropen (“to fall in drops, drip or trickle down; to scatter, sprinkle; to be covered with a liquid; to give off moisture; of an object: to drop, fall; of a living being: to fall to the ground”) [and other forms], from Old English dropian, droppian (“to drop”), from dropa (“a drop”) (see further at etymology 1) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).

спадам

to decrease, diminish, or lessen in condition, degree, value, etc.

laskea

to move to a lower position; to allow to hang downwards — see also lower

laskea

to lower (a sound, a voice, etc.) in pitch or volume

(intransitive, physiology, informal) Of the testicles: to hang further away from the body and begin producing sperm due to puberty.

laskeutua

of the testicles: to hang further away from the body and begin producing sperm due to puberty


period

period (nominative singular)
periody (nominative plural)
periodu (genitive singular)
periodów (genitive plural)
periodowi (dative singular)
periodom (dative plural)
period (accusative singular)
periody (accusative plural)
periodem (instrumental singular)
periodami (instrumental plural)
periodzie (locative singular)
periodach (locative plural)
periodzie (singular vocative)
periody (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin periodus, Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos).

(physiology) period (female menstruation)


erection

en-noun

erection (countable and uncountable, plural erections)

Borrowed from Latin ērectiō, ērectiōnis, noun of action from perfect passive participle ērectus, from verb erigō, from prefix ē- (“out of”) + regō, + action suffix -iō.

paglatog

physiology: process by which a penis becomes erect

I think that the case also demonstrates some singular aspects of the penis as a narrator of tales, specifically the way in which the erection of a penis falls outside a man's conscious control and therefore threatens a carefully constructed master legal narrative in which bodily self-control graphically represents the self-government contemplated by a democratic legal society.

1997, Alan Hyde, Bodies of Law, Princeton University Press, published 1997, →ISBN, page 175:

There are men who say they cannot bear to show themselves naked before women unless in a state of erection; and indeed through erection the flesh becomes activity, potency, […]

2006, Lori Marso, Feminist Thinkers and the Demands of Femininity: The Lives and Work of Intellectual Women, Routledge (2006), unnumbered pages (quoting Simone Beauvoir)

A marriage was only consummated via erection, penetration, and insemination intra vas.

2007, Edward J. Behrend-Martinez, Unfit for Marriage: Impotent Spouses on Trial in the Basque Region of Spain, 1650-1750, University of Nevada Press, published 2007, →ISBN, page 14:

(uncountable, physiology) The physiological process by which erectile tissue, such as a penis or clitoris, becomes erect by being engorged with blood.

[…] but our experienc'd matron very soon, by chafing it with her hands, brought it to swell to that size and erection I had before seen it up to.

1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:

Older men typically require longer periods of time to achieve erection and reach orgasm.

2008, Robert Crooks, Karla Baur, Our Sexuality, Thomson Wadsworth, published 2008, →ISBN, page 163:

A very rare complication is priapism, where the penis maintains its erection for many hours.

2011, Alan L. Rubin, Diabetes for Dummies, Wiley Publishing, Inc., published 2008, →ISBN, page 104:

(uncountable, physiology, of a penis or clitoris) The state or quality of being erect from engorgement with blood.


eliminate

en-verb

eliminate (third-person singular simple present eliminates, present participle eliminating, simple past and past participle eliminated)

eliminates (present singular third-person)
eliminating (participle present)
eliminated (participle past)
eliminated (past)

From Latin ēlīminātus, past participle of ēlīmināre (“to turn out of doors, banish”), from ē (“out”) + līmen (“a threshold”), akin to līmes (“a boundary”); see English limit and limen.

In one study, 65.8% of the cat owners relinquishing a cat thought that their cat eliminated outside the litter box or destroyed furniture to spite them.

2015, Ilona Rodan, Sarah Heath, editors, Feline Behavioral Health and Welfare, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 7:

(transitive, intransitive, physiology) To excrete (waste products).


stan

sk-noun

stan m inan (genitive singular stanu, nominative plural stany, genitive plural stanov, declension pattern of dub)

stanu (genitive singular)
stany (nominative plural)
stanov (genitive plural)
dub (declension-pattern-of)
stan (nominative singular)
stany (nominative plural)
stanu (genitive singular)
stanov (genitive plural)
stanu (dative singular)
stanom (dative plural)
stan (accusative singular)
stany (accusative plural)
stane (locative singular)
stanoch (locative plural)
stanom (instrumental singular)
stanmi (instrumental plural)


vapour

English: vapour, vapor

Scots: vapour

Yola: vaaper

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vapour, from Latin vapor.

(physiology) A noxious bodily fume believed to be the cause of maladies.


office

English: office

Scots: office, offish

From Old French office, from Latin officium, contracted form of opificium.

The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:

Ecclesiastical or religious work; a church career.

(rare) Unskilled work; any work that is unimportant or base.

Þe mouþ heþ tuo offices, huer-of þe on belongeþ to þe zuelȝ...
Þe oþer zuo is in speche.

A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:

A task or function that one organ does to assist another or the body as a whole.


eccentric

en-adj

eccentric (comparative more eccentric, superlative most eccentric)

more eccentric (comparative)
most eccentric (superlative)

concentric

antonym(s) of “against the contraction of a muscle”

→ Japanese: エキセントリック (ekisentorikku)

From Middle French excentrique, from Medieval Latin eccentricus, from Ancient Greek ἔκκεντρος (ékkentros, “not having the earth as the center of an orbit”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + κέντρον (kéntron, “point”). Equivalent to ex- + -centric.

der

(physiology, of a motion) Against or in the opposite direction of contraction of a muscle (such as results from flexion of the lower arm (bending of the elbow joint) by an external force while contracting the triceps and other elbow extensor muscles to control that movement; opening of the jaw while flexing the masseter).


eccentric

Research tells us that eccentrics, heavy partials, and static exercise may require several days or weeks of recovery time.

2021, Edward L. Wallace, Omniflex: A Unified System of Strength Training:

(physiology) An exercise that goes against or in the opposite direction of contraction of a muscle.


barrier

From Middle English barryer, barrere, barryȝer, from Old French barriere (compare French barrière), from Old French barre (“bar”).

(physiology) A separation between two areas of the body where specialized cells allow the entry of certain substances but prevent the entry of others.


tun

From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin.
Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.

cog

Synonym of long ton: a unit of mass equal to 2240 pounds, 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.

long ton

Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera.

The cryptobiotic state of a tardigrade, when its metabolism is temporarily suspended.


tun

A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days.


bard

bard (indefinite nominative singular)
bards (genitive indefinite singular)
barden (definite nominative singular)
bardens (definite genitive singular)
barder (indefinite nominative plural)
barders (genitive indefinite plural)
barderna (definite nominative plural)
bardernas (definite genitive plural)

(physiology, often in the plural) baleen


hormone

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὁρμῶν (hormôn), present participle of ὁρμάω (hormáō, “to set in motion, to urge on”), from ὁρμή (hormḗ, “rapid motion forwards, onrush, onset, assault, impulse to do a thing, effort”).

hormon

synthetic compound with the same activity as a hormone

Hormones are the bicycle couriers of the body, delivering chemical messages all around the teeming metropolis that is you.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 165:

(physiology) Any substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity.

هُرْمُون

substance produced by the body that effects physiological activity


virile

en-adj

virile (comparative more virile, superlative most virile)

more virile (comparative)
most virile (superlative)

From Middle French viril, from Latin virīlis, from vir (“man”, “male human”) + -īlis (suffix forming adjectives from nouns).

suffix

(physiology, of a male) Possessing high sexual drive and capacity for sexual intercourse.


orgasm

orgasm (indefinite nominative singular)
orgasms (genitive indefinite singular)
orgasmen (definite nominative singular)
orgasmens (definite genitive singular)
orgasmer (indefinite nominative plural)
orgasmers (genitive indefinite plural)
orgasmerna (definite nominative plural)
orgasmernas (definite genitive plural)

From French orgasme, from Ancient Greek ὀργασμός (orgasmós, “orgasm”).

der

Han fick orgasm i duschen.


ligand

Borrowed from Latin ligandus, gerundive of ligo (“bind”).

ربيطة

something that binds to another chemical entity

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A molecule or moiety (ion, functional group, or radical) that binds to another chemical entity to form a larger complex; as, especially:

(biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, medicine) Such an entity that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.


serum

en-noun

serum (countable and uncountable, plural serums or sera)

From Latin serum (“whey”). Cognates include French sérum, Spanish suero, Italian siere, siero, Portuguese soro. Doublet of suero.

The clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.

Blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.

A watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.

The watery portion of certain animal fluids like blood, milk, etc; whey.

(skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing.


gall

gall (countable and uncountable, plural galls)

From Middle English galle, from Old English ġealla, galla, from Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ.
The figurative senses (e.g., impudence, brazenness, chutzpah) are related to the literal sense (i.e., bile) via the lasting linguocultural effects of humorism, which governed Western medicine for many centuries before the advent of scientific medicine.
Related to Dutch gal, German Galle, Swedish galle, galla, Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ). Also remotely related with yellow.

(physiology, archaic, uncountable) Bile, especially that of an animal; the greenish, profoundly bitter-tasting fluid found in bile ducts and gall bladders, structures associated with the liver.


facilitation

facilitation (countable and uncountable, plural facilitations)

/fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

/fəˌsɪləˈteɪʃən/

(physiology) The process of synapses becoming more capable of transmitting the same type of signal each time certain types of sensory signals pass through sequences of these synapses.


expectoration

expectoration (usually uncountable, plural expectorations)

(physiology) The action of expectorating, of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs by coughing, hawking, or spitting.

(physiology) That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.


excitation

excitation (countable and uncountable, plural excitations)

From Middle English excitacion, excitacioun, from Old French excitation, from Latin excitatio.
Morphologically excite + -ation

(physiology) The activity produced in an organ, tissue, or part, such as a nerve cell, as a result of stimulation

възбуда

(physiology) activity produced in an organ, tissue, or part, such as a nerve cell, as a result of stimulation


incoordination

incoordination (countable and uncountable, plural incoordinations)

Charcot later gave the classical picture of incoordination, tremor and nystagmus.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 527:

(chiefly physiology) Lack of coordination, especially in terms of muscle control.


irritation

irritation (countable and uncountable, plural irritations)

/ˌɪɹɪˈteɪʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French irritation, from Latin irrītātiō, from irrītāre, present active infinitive of irrītō (“I excite”).

(physiology) A state of inflammation or of painful reaction to cell or tissue damage.


inspiration

inspiration (countable and uncountable, plural inspirations)

/ˌɪn.spəˈɹæɪ.ʃən/

From Middle English inspiracioun, from Old French inspiration, from Late Latin īnspīrātiōnem (nominative: īnspīrātiō), from Latin īnspīrātus (past participle of inspīrō).
Morphologically inspire + -ation. Displaced native Old English onbryrdnes (literally “in-pricked-ness”).

إِلْهَام

stimulating influence upon the intellect or emotions

genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration

Holonym: respiration

The respiratory movements are no longer normal and rhythmic acts of inspiration and exspiration, but abnormal and irregular expiratory movements

1857, M. Hall [junior] editor, Prone and postival respiration in drowning and other forms of apricea, or suspended respiration:

If a reaction involves increased muscle tonus and too much inspiration, muscle relaxation and exhalation exercises might be of use.

2008, G Berghs, “Stage fright in singers: Three reaction types”, in Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica:

(physiology, uncountable) The drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm, as part of the act of breathing.


metabolism

en-noun

metabolism (countable and uncountable, plural metabolisms)

From Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”) + -ism, from μεταβάλλω (metabállō, “I change, I alter”) + -η (-ē, “action noun suffix”).

af

The metabolisms of aerobic bacteria require oxygen

(physiology) The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Small animals have a much higher metabolism than large animals because they lose more body heat

(physiology, by extension) The rate at which these processes occur for a given organism


saliva

en-noun

saliva (countable and uncountable, plural salivas or salivae or salivæ)

salivas (plural)
salivae (plural)
salivæ (plural)

A learned borrowing from Latin salīva (“spittle”), replacing or merging with Middle English salive, salve (“saliva”), from the same Latin source. Further origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *salw-, *sal- (“dirt, dirty”), cognate with Old English salu (“dark, dusky”). More at sallow.

lbor

(physiology) A clear, slightly alkaline liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands, consisting of water, mucin, protein, and enzymes. It moistens the mouth, lubricates ingested food, and begins the breakdown of starches.


sanguine

en-adj

sanguine (comparative more sanguine, superlative most sanguine)

more sanguine (comparative)
most sanguine (superlative)

From Middle English sanguine, from Old French sanguin, ultimately from Latin sanguineus (“of blood”), from sanguis (“blood”), of uncertain origin, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, from *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Doublet of sanguineous.

What, what, ye sanguine, shallow-hearted boys!

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

I'll be no longer guilty of this sin; this sanguine coward, this
bed-presser, this horse-back-breaker, this huge hill of flesh.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

(obsolete, physiology) Having a bodily constitution characterised by a preponderance of blood over the other bodily humours, thought to be marked by irresponsible mirth; indulgent in pleasure to the exclusion of important matters.

сангвиничен

having a bodily constitution characterised by a preponderance of blood over the other bodily humours


adducent

adducent (comparative more adducent, superlative most adducent)

more adducent (comparative)
most adducent (superlative)

From Latin adducens, present participle of adducere.

(physiology) Related to the muscles of the body which pull one part towards another.

adduktanta

(of muscles) which pull one part towards another


adeps

Unadapted borrowing from Latin adeps (“fat, lard”).


cerebral localization

en-noun

cerebral localization (plural cerebral localizations)

(physiology) The localization of the control of special functions, as of sight or of the various movements of the body, in special regions of the brain.


激素

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ sɔ²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/kek̚²⁻⁴ su²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ su⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ sɔ²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/kek̚²⁻⁴ su²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ su⁴⁴/


diaphoresis

diaphoresis (countable and uncountable, plural diaphoreses)

Borrowed from Late Latin diaphorēsis, from Ancient Greek δῐᾰφόρησῐς (diaphórēsis, “evaporation, dissipation, perspiration”); by surface analysis, dia- (“through, across”) + -phoresis (“transmission”); also synchronically held to end in the suffix -esis.

surf

(physiology, medicine) The formation and excretion of sweat.

The train of symptoms which mark the typhoid variety of scarlatina generally begin to decline about the tenth or twelfth day, when the case often lapses into a condition similar to rheumatic fever, without its characteristic diaphoreses.

1865, William J. Cummins, “Remarks on Scarlatina”, in The Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, volume 39, number 1, page 14:

en:sweating, noun, literally
en:excessive sweating, noun, literally

(physiology, medicine, sometimes more particularly) Excessive sweating; excessive perspiration (more than would be expected in response to a given stimulus; especially when profuse as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug).


diaphoresis

la-noun

diaphorēsis f (genitive diaphorēsis or diaphorēseōs or diaphorēsios); third declension

diaphorēsis (canonical feminine)
diaphorēsis (genitive)
diaphorēseōs (genitive)
diaphorēsios (genitive)
diaphorēsis (nominative singular)
diaphorēsēs (nominative plural)
diaphorēseis (nominative plural)
diaphorēsis (genitive singular)
diaphorēseōs (genitive singular)
diaphorēsios (genitive singular)
diaphorēsium (genitive plural)
diaphorēsī (dative singular)
diaphorēsibus (dative plural)
diaphorēsim (accusative singular)
diaphorēsin (accusative singular)
diaphorēsem (accusative singular)
diaphorēsēs (accusative plural)
diaphorēsīs (accusative plural)
diaphorēsī (ablative singular)
diaphorēse (ablative singular)
diaphorēsibus (ablative plural)
diaphorēsis (singular vocative)
diaphorēsi (singular vocative)
diaphorēsēs (plural vocative)
diaphorēseis (plural vocative)

→ English: diaphoresis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐᾰφόρησῐς (diaphórēsis, “evaporation, dissipation”), from δῐᾰφορέω (diaphoréō, “to dissipate by evaporation or perspiration”) + -σῐς (-sis, action noun suffix).


evert

en-verb

evert (third-person singular simple present everts, present participle everting, simple past and past participle everted)

everts (present singular third-person)
everting (participle present)
everted (participle past)
everted (past)

From Late Latin ēvertere (“to turn (an item of clothing) inside out”), Latin ēvertere, present active infinitive of ēvertō (“to turn upside down; to overturn; to reverse”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’)) + vertō (“to reverse; to revolve, turn; to turn around”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to rotate, turn”)).

der

But if the conjunctiva be not diseased or very firmly united to the tumour, we had better operate without everting the eyelid, and this is possible without leaving an observable scar on the eyelid.

1809, Charles Bell, “Of Tumours of the Eyelid”, in A System of Operative Surgery, Founded on the Basis of Anatomy, volume II, London: Printed [by C. Stower] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […]; and Cadell and Davies, […], →OCLC, page 84:

The brachial artery may be exposed and tied in any part of its course, the border of the biceps and coraco-brachialis serving as a guide to its situation. When the arm is drawn away from the side, and slightly everted, the hand being supinated, the seat of the operation is fairly brought into view.

1837, Jones Quain, “Fasciæ”, in Elements of Anatomy, 4th revised and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Taylor and Walton, […], →OCLC, paragraph 656, page 539:

One of the chief causes of flat foot is the natural defect of improper alignment of the leg and the foot, with the result that both muscle action and gravity act to evert and depress the foot.

1923 February, Herman W. Marshall, quoting E. A. Cayo, “A Compilation of Current Notions on Feet”, in Journal of the National Association of Chiropodists and Pedic Items, volume 13, number 2, New York, N.Y.: National Association of Chiropodists, →OCLC, page 16:

The older writers, like ourselves, were of course fascinated by the spectacle of a tiny fungus everting its inner peridium with lightning-like rapidity and casting away its ball of spores.

1958, A[rthur] H[enry] Reginald Buller, “The Sphaerobolus Gun and Its Range”, in Researches on Fungi, volumes V (Hyphal Fusions and Protoplasmic Streaming in the Higher Fungi, […]), New York, N.Y.: Hafner Publishing, →OCLC, page 280:

In addition to functioning as a dorsiflexor of the foot, the extensor digitorum longus also everts the foot and extends the toes.

2016, Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau, “Appendicular Muscles”, in Anatomy & Physiology, 9th edition, St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier, →ISBN, unit 2 (Support and Movement), page 356, column 2:

(transitive, often biology, physiology) To turn inside out (like a pocket being emptied) or outwards.


systemic

From system + -ic. Doublet of systematic.

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(physiology) Pertaining to an entire organism.


concentric

en-adj

concentric (comparative more concentric, superlative most concentric)

more concentric (comparative)
most concentric (superlative)

Japanese: コンセント (konsento)

Korean: 콘센트 (konsenteu)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-concentric.wav

From Middle English concentrik, from Middle French concentrique, from Medieval Latin concentricus, from Latin con- (“with, together”) + centrum (“circle, center”). Equivalent to con- + -centric.

(physiology) (of a motion) in the direction of contraction of a muscle. (E.g. extension of the lower arm via the elbow joint while contracting the triceps and other elbow extensor muscles; closing of the jaw while flexing the masseter).


organic

organic (comparative more organic, superlative most organic)

more organic (comparative)
most organic (superlative)

From Middle English organic, organik, from Old French organique, from Latin organicus.

(physiology, medicine) Pertaining to an organ of the body of a living organism.


depression

en-noun

depression (countable and uncountable, plural depressions)

From Middle English depression, depressioun, from Old French depression, from Latin dēpressiō.

(biology, physiology) A lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ, in contrast to elevation.


assimilare

it-verb

assimilàre (first-person singular present assìmilo, first-person singular past historic assimilài, past participle assimilàto, auxiliary avére)

assimilàre (canonical)
assìmilo (first-person present singular)
assimilài (first-person historic past singular)
assimilàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
assimilàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
assimilàndo (gerund)
assimilànte (participle present)
assimilàto (participle past)
assìmilo (first-person indicative present singular)
assìmili (indicative present second-person singular)
assìmila (indicative present singular third-person)
assimiliàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
assimilàte (indicative plural present second-person)
assìmilano (indicative plural present third-person)
assimilàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
assimilàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
assimilàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
assimilavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
assimilavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
assimilàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
assimilài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
assimilàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
assimilò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
assimilàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
assimilàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
assimilàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
assimilerò (first-person future indicative singular)
assimilerài (future indicative second-person singular)
assimilerà (future indicative singular third-person)
assimilerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
assimileréte (future indicative plural second-person)
assimilerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
assimilerèi (conditional first-person present singular)
assimilerésti (conditional present second-person singular)
assimilerèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
assimilerébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
assimilerémmo (conditional first-person plural present)
assimileréste (conditional plural present second-person)
assimilerèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
assimilerébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
assìmili (first-person present singular subjunctive)
assìmili (present second-person singular subjunctive)
assìmili (present singular subjunctive third-person)
assimiliàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
assimiliàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
assìmilino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
assimilàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
assimilàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
assimilàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
assimilàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
assimilàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
assimilàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
assìmila (imperative second-person singular)
assìmili (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
assimiliàmo (first-person imperative plural)
assimilàte (imperative plural second-person)
assìmilino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
assimilàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
assìmili (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
assimiliàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
assimilàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
assìmilino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Borrowed from Latin assimilāre. Doublet of assembrare and assomigliare.

(transitive, also linguistics, physiology) to assimilate


CVS

en-noun

CVS (countable and uncountable, plural CVSs)

cardiovascular system
cardiovascular system#English

(physiology) Initialism of cardiovascular system.


physiology

physiology (countable and uncountable, plural physiologies)

From French physiologie, from Latin physiologia, from Ancient Greek φυσιολογία (phusiología, “natural philosophy”), from φύσις (phúsis, “nature”) + λόγος (lógos, “word”). Equivalent to physio- + -logy.

uder

A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.


sensation

en-noun

sensation (countable and uncountable, plural sensations)

From Old French, from Medieval Latin sensatio, from Latin sensus.

Coordinate term: perception

In the dead state all is apparently without motion. No agent within indicates design, intelligence, or foresight: there is no respiration; […] no sensation; […]

1822, John Barclay, chapter I, in An Inquiry Into the Opinions, Ancient and Modern, Concerning Life and Organization, Edinburgh, London: Bell & Bradfute; Waugh & Innes; G. & W. B. Whittaker, section I, page 2:

(psychology, physiology) Excitation of sensory organs.


isometric

en-adj

isometric (comparative more isometric, superlative most isometric)

more isometric (comparative)
most isometric (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”) + Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). See also: iso- + -metric.

af

One of the most effective isometric exercises for the deskbound is to sit up quite straight and tighten the large muscles of the buttocks, holding for a count of eight, then release.

2011, David Foster Wallace, The Pale King, page 10:

Antonyms include tonic movements auxotonic and isotonic which are divided into concentric and eccentric.

(physiology) Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same. See also: Wikipedia:isometric exercise


faecal matter

The family that makes the Squatty Potty says this posture unfurls your colon and gives your faecal matter a clear run from your gut to the bowl, reducing bloating, constipation and the straining that causes haemorrhoids.

2018, Alex Blasdel, “Bowel movement: the push to change the way you poo”, in Guardian:


physiological

en-adj

physiological (comparative more physiological, superlative most physiological)

more physiological (comparative)
most physiological (superlative)

Either from physio- + -logical or Latin physiologicus + -al.


standing

fo-noun

standing f (genitive singular standingar, uncountable)

standingar (genitive singular)
standing (indefinite nominative singular)
standingin (definite nominative singular)
standing (accusative indefinite singular)
standingina (accusative definite singular)
standing (dative indefinite singular)
standingini (dative definite singular)
standingar (genitive indefinite singular)
standingarinnar (definite genitive singular)


baleen

en-noun

baleen (countable and uncountable, plural baleens)

From Middle English baleyne, from Old French baleine (“whale, whalebone”), from Latin balaena (“whale”), from Ancient Greek φάλαινα (phálaina, “whale”).

uder

“You have probably never seen anything like this before, Mr. Toler. It is baleen, or if you prefer it, whalebone, taken from the mouth of the bowhead whale. It is used by the whale to filter its food.”

1954, Alexander Alderson, chapter 5, in The Subtle Minotaur:

(physiology, uncountable) The keratinous material that makes up the plates in the mouth of the baleen whale, Mysticeti, which it uses to trap its food; formerly used in corsetry.


bloodstream

The flow of blood through the circulatory system of an animal


dromotropic

/ˌdɹɒm.əˈtɹəʊ.pɪk/

From dromo- (“course, speed”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “course, race”) + τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

af

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ic</i>

(physiology) Affecting the conductivity of cardiac muscle, used of the influence of cardiac nerves.


fume

English: fume

Scots: fume

Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fūmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.

(physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.


chronotropic

/ˌkɹɒn.əˈtɹəʊ.pɪk/

From chrono- (“referring to time”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”) + τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

(physiology) Of, relating to, or affecting the rate of muscular contraction, especially of the heart.


twitch

en-noun

twitch (countable and uncountable, plural twitches)

From Middle English twicchen, from Old English *twiċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to nail, pin, fasten, clasp, pinch”).
Cognate with English tweak, Low German twikken, German Low German twicken (“to pinch, pinch off”), zweckōn and gizwickan (> German zwicken (“to pinch”)).

cog

(physiology) A brief, contractile response of a skeletal muscle elicited by a single maximal volley of impulses in the neurons supplying it.

rare

refers to twitching of muscles adter death


inotropic

/ˌɪn.əˈtɹəʊ.pɪk/

From Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon; strength, force”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

af

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ic</i>

(physiology) Increasing or decreasing the force of muscular contractions.

inotropo

increasing or decreasing the force of muscular contractions


systole

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-systole.wav

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek συστολή (sustolḗ), from συστέλλω (sustéllō, “to contract”), from σύν (sún, “together”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to send”).

[…] I did almoſt beleeve, that the motion of the Heart vvas knovvn to God alone: For neither could I rightly diſtinguiſh, vvhich vvay the Diaſtole and Systole came to be, nor vvhen nor vvhere the dilation and conſtriction had its exiſtence.

1653, William Harvey, “The Causes which Mov’d the Author to Write”, in [anonymous], transl., The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey […] Concerning the Motion of the Heart and Blood. […], London: […] Francis Leach, for Richard Lownes […], →OCLC, pages 1–2:

A double systole catapulted him into full consciousness again, and he promised his uncorrected self that he would limit his daily ration of cigarettes to a couple of heartbeats.

1972, Vladimir Nabokov, Transparent Things, McGraw-Hill, published 1972, pages 78–9:

There is no essential virtue in comfort. To be relaxed is good if it is part of a process of systole and diastole. Relaxation comes between phases of tenseness.

1974, Anthony Burgess, The Clockwork Testament:

(physiology) The rhythmic contraction of the heart, by which blood is driven through the arteries.


systole

From French systole, from Ancient Greek συστολή (sustolḗ), from συστέλλω (sustéllō, “to contract”).


convergence

en-noun

convergence (countable and uncountable, plural convergences)

From converge + -ence (after Latin convergentia).

(physiology) The coordinated focusing of the eyes, especially at short range.


albumin

head

albumin n (singular definite albuminet, plural indefinite albuminer)

albuminet (definite singular)
albuminer (indefinite plural)
albumin (indefinite nominative singular)
albuminet (definite nominative singular)
albuminer (indefinite nominative plural)
albuminerne (definite nominative plural)
albumins (genitive indefinite singular)
albuminets (definite genitive singular)
albuminers (genitive indefinite plural)
albuminernes (definite genitive plural)

From French albumine, from Latin albūmen (“egg white”), from albus (“white”).


éirí

éirí (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
éirí (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a éirí (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-éirí (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
an éirí (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an éirí (definite singular)
don éirí (definite singular)

From Middle Irish éirge (verbal noun of éirgid (“to rise”)), from Old Irish éirge (verbal noun of at·reig (“to rise”)).


urinario

it-adj

urinario (feminine urinaria, masculine plural urinari, feminine plural urinarie)

urinaria (feminine)
urinari (masculine plural)
urinarie (feminine plural)


lymph

en-noun

lymph (usually uncountable, plural lymphs)

Borrowing from French lymphe and/or Latin lympha (“clear water”), from Ancient Greek νῠ́μφη (númphē, “bride; spring water”). Doublet of nymph.

der

(physiology) A colourless, watery, coagulable bodily fluid which bathes the tissues and is carried by the lymphatic system into the bloodstream; it resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets.

She lay face-down, an infected puncture point on the inside of her thigh oozing a faint lymph.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate 2011, page 268:

(immunology) The discharge from a sore, inflammation etc.


muliebrity

en-noun

muliebrity (countable and uncountable, plural muliebrities)

From Late Latin muliebritās (“womanhood; womanliness”), from Latin muliēbris (“feminine, womanly”) + -tās (suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being); or from muliēbris + -ity; compare Middle French muliebrité. Muliēbris is derived from mulier (“woman; wife”) (from mollior (“softer; milder; weaker”), comparative form of mollis (“soft; mild, tender; weak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“soft; tender; weak”)) + -brīs (noun suffix denoting a person).

der

(physiology) The state of puberty in a female.


secretagogue

/sɪˈkɹiː.təɡ.ɒɡ/

/sɪˈkɹiː.təˌɡɑɡ/

(physiology, medicine) A substance which promotes secretion of another, such as a hormone (e.g., insulin), saliva, or lymph.


endocrinology

en-noun

endocrinology (countable and uncountable, plural endocrinologies)

From French endocrinologie, or endocrine + -ology.

The first journal devoted to endocrinology wasnʼt founded until 1917.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 169:

(physiology) The study of the endocrine glands of the human body, the hormones produced by them, and their related disorders.


isometrisk

isometrisk (indefinite positive)
isometriskt (indefinite neuter positive singular)
isometriska (indefinite plural positive)
isometriske (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
isometriske (definite masculine positive singular)
isometriska (definite positive)

isometrisk träning


knee-jerk

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-knee-jerk.wav

From knee + jerk, First attested 1876, derived from a figurative sense of the patellar reflex.

A sudden reflexive movement of the leg below the knee, as a reaction to a tap to the tendon just below the patella (kneecap).

patellaarirefleksi

reflex extension of the lower leg due to tap below knee


transduction

transduction (countable and uncountable, plural transductions)

1650s, Latin transductionem, form of Latin trānsdūcō (“lead across”). By surface analysis, transduce + -tion.

(physiology) The conversion of a stimulus from one form to another.

transdución

physiology: the conversion of a stimulus from one form to another


transpiration

transpiration (countable and uncountable, plural transpirations)

Borrowed from Middle French transpiration, from Medieval Latin transpiratio, from transpiro, from Latin trans + spiro.

(physiology) The process of giving off water vapour through the skin or mucous membranes.

uitwaseming

physiology: the process of giving off water vapour through the skin or mucous membranes


testicular

From Medieval Latin testicularis, from Latin testiculum (“testicle”), diminutive of testis.

(physiology) Pertaining to one or more testicles; of the testicle(s).


Aberration

de-noun

Aberration f (genitive Aberration, plural Aberrationen)

Aberration (genitive)
Aberrationen (plural)
Aberration (nominative singular)
Aberrationen (definite nominative plural)
Aberration (genitive singular)
Aberrationen (definite genitive plural)
Aberration (dative singular)
Aberrationen (dative definite plural)
Aberration (accusative singular)
Aberrationen (accusative definite plural)


capsule

Borrowed from French capsule, from Latin capsula, diminutive of capsa (“box”).


RV

(physiology) Initialism of residual volume.


descend

en-verb

descend (third-person singular simple present descends, present participle descending, simple past and past participle descended)

descends (present singular third-person)
descending (participle present)
descended (participle past)
descended (past)
descend (infinitive)

PIE word
 *de
The verb is derived from Middle English descenden (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to go from a better to a worse condition, decline, degenerate; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”), from Anglo-Norman descendere, descendre, and Old French descendere, descendre (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”) (modern French descendre), and from their etymon Latin dēscendere, the present active infinitive of dēscendō (“to come or go down, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant; etc.”), from de- (prefix meaning ‘from; down from’) + scandō (“to ascend, climb; to clamber”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to climb, scale; to dart; to jump”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.

laskea

to pass from a higher to a lower part of (something)

afgaan

to physically move or pass from a higher to a lower place or position

Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum.

Senses relating to moving from a higher to a lower position.

(intransitive) To physically move or pass from a higher to a lower place or position; to come or go down in any way, such as by climbing, falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to move downwards; to fall, to sink.

(biology, physiology) Of a body part: to move downwards, especially during development of the embryo; specifically, of the testes of a mammal: to move downwards from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum.

laskeutua

of a body part: to move downwards, especially during development of the embryo; specifically, of the testes of a mammal: to move downwards from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum


CR

en-noun

CR (countable and uncountable, plural CRs)

conditioned reflex
conditioned reflex#English

(physiology) Initialism of conditioned reflex.


sebum

sebum (countable and uncountable, plural sebums or seba)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēbum (“tallow, grease; suet”).

lbor

‘I mean, it is not simply adolescent acne caused by the over-excretion of sebum.’

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, page 387:

(physiology) A thick oily substance, secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin, that consists of fat, keratin and cellular debris.


deglutition

en-noun

deglutition (countable and uncountable, plural deglutitions)

Borrowed from French déglutition or from Late Latin dēglūtītiō, from Latin dēglūtīre, dēgluttīre + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or the results of actions). Dēgluttīre is derived from dēgluttiō (“to swallow down”), from dē- (prefix meaning ‘from, off’) + gluttiō (“to gulp down, swallow”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”)).

[T]he action of the gullet, that is deglutition, is performed and conſummated, the action being animall and partly Naturall.

1653, J[ohn] B[ulwer], “Lip Gallantry, or Certaine Labiall Fashions Invented by Divers Nations”, in Anthropometamorphosis: Man Transform’d: Or, The Artificiall Changling Historically Presented, […], London: Printed by William Hunt, →OCLC, page 189:

The Uvula […] ſerves as an arched and ſlippery Bridge, exactly fitted every way to cover the convex Sides and Rima of the Glottis, for the Aliment to ſlide eaſily along in Deglutition; it prevents the Aliment from falling out of the Fauces into the Larynx in Deglutition; and being moved by its Muſcles, protruds the Aliment backward into the upper Part of the Fauces.

1742, [Herman] Boerhaave, “Of the Origin, Nature, and Mixture of the Saliva with the Aliments”, in Dr. Boerhaave’s Academical Lectures on the Theory of Physic. […], volume I (Containing the History of Physic, […]), London: Printed for W. Innys, […], →OCLC, § 70, page 170:

A man of the age of twenty-ſeven had a tubercle at the root of his tongue, for about ſix years; […] Deglutitions were rendered extremely difficult.

1762, Anthony Storck [i.e., Anton von Störck], “Case VIII”, in An Essay on the Medicinal Nature of Hemlock. In Two Parts. […], Edinburgh: Printed for A. Donaldson and J. Reid, for Alex[ander] Donaldson, →OCLC, part II, pages 108–109:

Feeling without judgment is a washy draught indeed; but judgment untempered by feeling is too bitter and husky a morsel for human deglutition.

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter VI, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 174:

Sometimes they work by satire, as in the case of the ants here referred to; sometimes by terror, by spitefulness, by cunning stealthiness and tricks of decoy, by immense deglutitions, by any and all sorts of animal habits that connect, with prey, ferocities, voracities and disgusts that make it symbolic of evil.

1868, Horace Bushnell, “Of the Animal Infestations”, in Moral Uses of Dark Things, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner & Company, →OCLC, pages 287–288:

Some philosopher has said that the chief pleasure in a man's life, as in that of a cow, consists in the processes of mastication, deglutition, and digestion, and I am very much inclined to agree with him.

1909, W[illiam] H[enry] Hudson, “The Village and ‘The Stones’”, in Afoot in England, London: Hutchinson & Co. […], →OCLC, page 251:

The movement of food from the mouth into the stomach is achieved by the act of swallowing, or deglutition[…]. Deglutition is facilitated by the secretion of saliva and mucus and involves the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.

2008, Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan Derrickson, “The Digestive System”, in Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 12th edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, →ISBN, page 935, column 2:

(physiology) The act or process of swallowing.


sputum

sputum (countable and uncountable, plural sputums or sputa)

From New Latin, from Latin sputum (“that which is spit out, spittle”), from spuere (“to spit”).

der

In the early 1890s the work in the laboratory consisted of postmortems, urinalyses, and examination of sputums.

2018, Louis Rosenfeld, Four Centuries of Clinical Chemistry:

At the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, the boy’s sputum sat for a month, waiting for its turn in a slow process of antibody-matching analysis.

2020 February 24, James Hamblin, “You’re Likely to Get the Coronavirus”, in The Atlantic:

(physiology) Matter coughed up and expectorated from the mouth, composed of saliva and discharges from the respiratory passages such as mucus, phlegm or pus.

խորխ

matter coughed up and expectorated from the mouth


antidiuretic

(physiology, medicine) an agent that prevents or counteracts diuresis


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.

(physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.


deoxygenate

en-verb

deoxygenate (third-person singular simple present deoxygenates, present participle deoxygenating, simple past and past participle deoxygenated)

deoxygenates (present singular third-person)
deoxygenating (participle present)
deoxygenated (participle past)
deoxygenated (past)

(transitive, physiology) To remove dissolved oxygen from (something, such as water or blood).


tetanus

en-noun

tetanus (usually uncountable, plural tetanuses or tetani)

From Latin tetanus, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”).

We first saturated LTP in one pathway by applying repetitive tetani that had no effect on the control pathway […]

1998 January 16, Pierre-Marie Lledo et al., “Postsynaptic Membrane Fusion and Long-Term Potentiation”, in Science, volume 279, number 5349, →DOI, pages 399–403:

(physiology, countable) A state of muscle tension caused by sustained contraction arising from a rapid series of nerve impulses which do not allow the muscle to relax.


teething

teething (countable and uncountable, plural teethings)

But with night feedings and night teethings, often the greatest challenge of all for a young mother is simply fatigue.

2009, Katie Van Dyke, Unlikely Truths of Motherhood:

(physiology) The eruption, through the gums, of the milk teeth; dentition.


hidrosis

hidrosis (countable and uncountable, plural hidroses)

From New Latin hidrōsis, from Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat”) + -sis; also synchronically held to end in the suffix -osis.

(physiology, medicine) The formation and excretion of sweat.

(physiology, medicine, sometimes more particularly) Excessive sweating; excessive perspiration (more than would be expected in response to a given stimulus; especially when profuse as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug).


pissen

pissen (infinitive)
to pissen (infinitive)
pisse (infinitive)
pisse (first-person present singular)
pissed (first-person past singular)
pissest (present second-person singular)
pissedest (past second-person singular)
pisseth (present singular third-person)
pissed (past singular third-person)
pisse (present singular subjunctive)
pissed (past singular subjunctive)
pisse (imperative present singular)
pissen (plural present)
pisse (plural present)
pisseden (past plural)
pissede (past plural)
pisseth (imperative plural present)
pisse (imperative plural present)
pissynge (participle present)
pissende (participle present)
pissed (participle past)
ypissed (participle past)

English: piss

Scots: pish

Borrowed from Old French pissier, from Vulgar Latin *pīssiāre; equivalent to pisse + -en (infinitival suffix).

To piss; to deliver urine from the genitals.

To eject any other substance through the genitals.


pisse

English: piss

Scots: pish


sudor

(physiology) Sweat; the salty fluid excreted by the sweat glands.


erected

en-adj

erected (comparative more erected, superlative most erected)

more erected (comparative)
most erected (superlative)

The clitoris was two inches long [5 cm], and in some instances resembled a common-sized thumb. When viewed at some distance the end appeared round and of a red color, but upon closer examination was found to be more pointed than that of a penis, and having neither prepuce nor perforation; when handled it became erected, and was in that state fully 3 inches long and much thicker than before.

2000 April 23, Serial #, “20inch biceps or clit”, in alt.amazon-women.admirers (Usenet):

The preputial fold disappears as it is applied to the erected penis

2003, Klaus-Dieter Budras, W. O. Sack, Sabine Rock, Anatomy of the Horse: An Illustrated Text, Schlütersche, →ISBN, page 78:

The heat in the room was now more than sufficient; Mark studied her erected nipples. Still cold honey, he asked her?

2018 May 14, Jason Kondrath, Yes Master: Rise of the Witch, Lulu.com, →ISBN:


electrolyte

en-noun

electrolyte (countable and uncountable, plural electrolytes)

From electro- + -lyte, from electrolysis. Coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1834.

coin

Lab tests to consider under these circumstances include serum electrolytes, serum glucose, and urine protein.

(chemistry, often) Any of the various ions in such a solution, or (metonymically) their concentration therein.

(physiology, medicine) Any of the various biometal ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes, or (metonymically) such an ion's concentration in a bodily fluid, usually and especially blood, blood serum, or urine.

elektrolyytti

ion that regulates the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes


diastolic blood pressure

en-noun

diastolic blood pressure (countable and uncountable, plural diastolic blood pressures)

(physiology) The lowest pressure within the bloodstream, occurring between heart beats, because of a diastole.


systolic blood pressure

systolic blood pressure (countable and uncountable, plural systolic blood pressures)

(physiology) The highest pressure within the bloodstream, occurring during each heart beat, because of the systole.


homeostasis

homeostasis (countable and uncountable, plural homeostases)

Coined from Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar, the same”) + -stasis by Walter Bradford Cannon, from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis, “standing, state”).

der

His most important work concentrated on the complexities of chemical neurotransmission (for which Otto Loewi received a Nobel Prize in 1936) and on “homeostasis” (a term coined by Cannon in 1926), the maintenance of steady states in the body and the physiological processes through which they are regulated.

2002, "Walter Bradford Cannon" in American Journal of Physiology, 92(10):1594-5, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.92.10.1594

When homeostasis is disrupted by an external stressor - such as injury, lack of nutrients, or invasion by parasites or other organisms - illness may occur.

2011, Professional Guide to Pathophysiology, Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, page 1

(physiology) The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.

تَجَانُس

ability to stabilize internal environment


homeostasis

id-noun

homéostasis (plural homeostasis-homeostasis, first-person possessive homeostasisku, second-person possessive homeostasismu, third-person possessive homeostasisnya)

homéostasis (canonical)
homeostasis-homeostasis (plural)
homeostasisku (first-person possessive)
homeostasismu (possessive second-person)
homeostasisnya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Latin homoeostasis.


homeostasis

From homeo- + Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis, “stability”).


cold-blooded

en-adj

cold-blooded (comparative more cold-blooded or colder-blooded, superlative most cold-blooded or coldest-blooded)

more cold-blooded (comparative)
colder-blooded (comparative)
most cold-blooded (superlative)
coldest-blooded (superlative)

“Dead animals radiate heat,” he said. “When you take one down, you can feel it pouring from the wounds. But not this thing.” / “What does that mean?” she asked. / “Cold-blooded maybe, or colder-blooded than we’re used to.” / “Might explain why the heat sensors have trouble picking them up,” Danielle said.

2010, Graham Brown, chapter 35, in Black Rain: A Thriller, New York, N.Y.: Dell, →ISBN, page 344:

Having an unregulated body temperature; ectothermic.


nerve impulse

(physiology) The signal transmitted along a nerve fibre, either in response to a stimulus (such as touch, pain or heat), or as an instruction (such as causing a muscle to contract).


animalcule

Learned borrowing from Late Latin animalculum (“lowly or small animal”) + English -cule (diminutive suffix). Animalculum is derived from Latin animal (“animal; living creature”) + -culum (diminutive suffix); and animal from animāle, the nominative neuter singular of animālis (“animate, living; relating to living creatures”), from anima (“breath; life; soul, spirit”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). The English word is analysable as animal + -cule.

der

[Antonie van] Leeuwenhoek's most mysterious finding was yet to come, however. Inside the animalcules in the thickest part of the semen he saw / all manner of great and small vessels, so various and so numerous that I do not doubt that they be nerves, arteries and veins. …

2001, David M. Friedman, “The Gear Shift”, in A Mind of Its Own: A Cultural History of the Penis, New York, N.Y.: The Free Press, →ISBN, page 76:

(physiology, historical) A sperm cell or spermatozoon; also, the embryo that was formerly thought to be contained inside a spermatozoon in a fully developed state.


diastole

en-noun

diastole (usually uncountable, plural diastoles)

From Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”), from διά (diá, “apart”) + στέλλειν (stéllein, “send”).

der

[…] I did almoſt beleeve, that the motion of the Heart vvas knovvn to God alone: For neither could I rightly diſtinguiſh, vvhich vvay the Diaſtole and Systole came to be, nor vvhen nor vvhere the dilation and conſtriction had its exiſtence.

1653, William Harvey, “The Causes which Mov’d the Author to Write”, in [anonymous], transl., The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey […] Concerning the Motion of the Heart and Blood. […], London: […] Francis Leach, for Richard Lownes […], →OCLC, pages 1–2:

In patients with rapid rates, diastole may be sufficiently shortened that the third and fourth heart sounds become superimposed and form a summation gallop.

2005, Richard H. Vagelos, Rachel Marcus, J. Edwin Atwood, “35: Signs, Symptoms, and Laboratory Abnormalities in Cardiovascular Diseases”, in Robert M. Wachter, Lee Goldman, Harry Hollander, editors, Hospital Medicine, 2nd edition, page 309:

Of the total cardiac cycle at this rate, diastole accounts for 0.50 s, or 62% of the cycle, and systole accounts for 0.31 s, or 38%.

2008, Jack H. Wilmore, David L. Costill, W. Larry Kenney, Physiology of Sport and Exercise, page 132:

During a short cycle or premature contraction, LV ejection begins before pressure in the aorta has completely decreased, and it remains higher than with longer diastoles [4, 5].

2011, Julian Maizel, Michel Slama, “9: Hermodynamic Evaluation in the Patient with Arrhythmias”, in Daniel de Backer, Bernard P. Cholley, Michel Slama, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Philippe Vignon, editors, Hemodynamic Monitoring Using Echocardiography in the Critically Ill, Springer, page 90:

(chiefly uncountable, physiology) The phase or process of relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers, between contractions, during which they fill with blood; an instance of the process.


diastole

Borrowed from French diastole, from Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”).


diastole

→ Dutch: diastole

Borrowed from Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”).


diastole

From Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”).


zeitgeber

en-noun

zeitgeber (plural zeitgebers or zeitgeber)

/ˈzʌɪtɡeɪbə/

From German Zeitgeber, from Zeit (“time”) + Geber (“giver”).

Thus, while light is the most reliable and thus the primary zeitgeber, there are many factors that can be used in addition to, or in the absence of, daylight.

2017, Matthew Walker, Why We Sleep, Penguin, published 2018, page 18:

(physiology) A rhythmically occurring cue given by the environment, such as a change in light or temperature, to reset the internal body clock.


FRC

FRC (countable and uncountable, plural FRCs)

General anesthesia may decrease the functional residual capacity (FRC) for up to 1 to 2 weeks postoperatively.

2011, Pauline K. Park, “Assessment of Noncardiac Perioperative Risk”, in Michael W. Mulholland, Gerard M. Doherty, editors, Complications in Surgery, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 83:

functional residual capacity
functional residual capacity#English

(physiology) Initialism of functional residual capacity.


hiki

hiki (nominative singular)
hiet (nominative plural)
hiki (accusative nominative singular)
hiet (accusative nominative plural)
hien (accusative genitive singular)
hiet (accusative genitive plural)
hien (genitive singular)
hikien (genitive plural)
hikeä (partitive singular)
hikiä (partitive plural)
hiessä (inessive singular)
hi’issä (inessive plural)
hiestä (elative singular)
hi’istä (elative plural)
hikeen (illative singular)
hikiin (illative plural)
hiellä (adessive singular)
hi’illä (adessive plural)
hieltä (ablative singular)
hi’iltä (ablative plural)
hielle (allative singular)
hi’ille (allative plural)
hikenä (essive singular)
hikinä (essive plural)
hieksi (singular translative)
hi’iksi (plural translative)
hiettä (abessive singular)
hi’ittä (abessive plural)
hi’in (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hikeni (nominative singular)
hikeni (nominative plural)
hikeni (accusative nominative singular)
hikeni (accusative nominative plural)
hikeni (accusative genitive singular)
hikeni (accusative genitive plural)
hikeni (genitive singular)
hikieni (genitive plural)
hikeäni (partitive singular)
hikiäni (partitive plural)
hiessäni (inessive singular)
hi’issäni (inessive plural)
hiestäni (elative singular)
hi’istäni (elative plural)
hikeeni (illative singular)
hikiini (illative plural)
hielläni (adessive singular)
hi’illäni (adessive plural)
hieltäni (ablative singular)
hi’iltäni (ablative plural)
hielleni (allative singular)
hi’illeni (allative plural)
hikenäni (essive singular)
hikinäni (essive plural)
hiekseni (singular translative)
hi’ikseni (plural translative)
hiettäni (abessive singular)
hi’ittäni (abessive plural)
hikineni (comitative plural)
hikesi (nominative singular)
hikesi (nominative plural)
hikesi (accusative nominative singular)
hikesi (accusative nominative plural)
hikesi (accusative genitive singular)
hikesi (accusative genitive plural)
hikesi (genitive singular)
hikiesi (genitive plural)
hikeäsi (partitive singular)
hikiäsi (partitive plural)
hiessäsi (inessive singular)
hi’issäsi (inessive plural)
hiestäsi (elative singular)
hi’istäsi (elative plural)
hikeesi (illative singular)
hikiisi (illative plural)
hielläsi (adessive singular)
hi’illäsi (adessive plural)
hieltäsi (ablative singular)
hi’iltäsi (ablative plural)
hiellesi (allative singular)
hi’illesi (allative plural)
hikenäsi (essive singular)
hikinäsi (essive plural)
hieksesi (singular translative)
hi’iksesi (plural translative)
hiettäsi (abessive singular)
hi’ittäsi (abessive plural)
hikinesi (comitative plural)
hikemme (nominative singular)
hikemme (nominative plural)
hikemme (accusative nominative singular)
hikemme (accusative nominative plural)
hikemme (accusative genitive singular)
hikemme (accusative genitive plural)
hikemme (genitive singular)
hikiemme (genitive plural)
hikeämme (partitive singular)
hikiämme (partitive plural)
hiessämme (inessive singular)
hi’issämme (inessive plural)
hiestämme (elative singular)
hi’istämme (elative plural)
hikeemme (illative singular)
hikiimme (illative plural)
hiellämme (adessive singular)
hi’illämme (adessive plural)
hieltämme (ablative singular)
hi’iltämme (ablative plural)
hiellemme (allative singular)
hi’illemme (allative plural)
hikenämme (essive singular)
hikinämme (essive plural)
hieksemme (singular translative)
hi’iksemme (plural translative)
hiettämme (abessive singular)
hi’ittämme (abessive plural)
hikinemme (comitative plural)
hikenne (nominative singular)
hikenne (nominative plural)
hikenne (accusative nominative singular)
hikenne (accusative nominative plural)
hikenne (accusative genitive singular)
hikenne (accusative genitive plural)
hikenne (genitive singular)
hikienne (genitive plural)
hikeänne (partitive singular)
hikiänne (partitive plural)
hiessänne (inessive singular)
hi’issänne (inessive plural)
hiestänne (elative singular)
hi’istänne (elative plural)
hikeenne (illative singular)
hikiinne (illative plural)
hiellänne (adessive singular)
hi’illänne (adessive plural)
hieltänne (ablative singular)
hi’iltänne (ablative plural)
hiellenne (allative singular)
hi’illenne (allative plural)
hikenänne (essive singular)
hikinänne (essive plural)
hieksenne (singular translative)
hi’iksenne (plural translative)
hiettänne (abessive singular)
hi’ittänne (abessive plural)
hikinenne (comitative plural)
hikensä (nominative singular)
hikensä (nominative plural)
hikensä (accusative nominative singular)
hikensä (accusative nominative plural)
hikensä (accusative genitive singular)
hikensä (accusative genitive plural)
hikensä (genitive singular)
hikiensä (genitive plural)
hikeään (partitive singular)
hikeänsä (partitive singular)
hikiään (partitive plural)
hikiänsä (partitive plural)
hiessään (inessive singular)
hiessänsä (inessive singular)
hi’issään (inessive plural)
hi’issänsä (inessive plural)
hiestään (elative singular)
hiestänsä (elative singular)
hi’istään (elative plural)
hi’istänsä (elative plural)
hikeensä (illative singular)
hikiinsä (illative plural)
hiellään (adessive singular)
hiellänsä (adessive singular)
hi’illään (adessive plural)
hi’illänsä (adessive plural)
hieltään (ablative singular)
hieltänsä (ablative singular)
hi’iltään (ablative plural)
hi’iltänsä (ablative plural)
hielleen (allative singular)
hiellensä (allative singular)
hi’illeen (allative plural)
hi’illensä (allative plural)
hikenään (essive singular)
hikenänsä (essive singular)
hikinään (essive plural)
hikinänsä (essive plural)
hiekseen (singular translative)
hieksensä (singular translative)
hi’ikseen (plural translative)
hi’iksensä (plural translative)
hiettään (abessive singular)
hiettänsä (abessive singular)
hi’ittään (abessive plural)
hi’ittänsä (abessive plural)
hikineen (comitative plural)
hikinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *hiki, of unknown further origin. Cognate with Estonian higi.

hiellä ja vaivalla

Tuollaisessa helteessä tulee äkkiä hiki.

(literally, “...that sweat comes quickly.”)

In that kind of heat, you start to sweat very quickly.


orange peel

orange peel (usually uncountable, plural orange peels)

(countable, uncountable, literally) The skin of an orange, including the pith.

An uneven surface resembling orange peel, especially cellulite or an imperfect finish on a spray-painted object such as a car.


cotyledon

From Latin cotylēdōn, from Ancient Greek κοτυληδών (kotulēdṓn, “cup-shaped cavity”), from κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup”).

der

Forced to apply animal findings to humans, his human womb also had cotyledons like a dog's.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 72:

(physiology) Each of the patches of villi on the foetal chorion in the placenta of ruminants and some other mammals.


subliminal

en-adj

subliminal (comparative more subliminal, superlative most subliminal)

more subliminal (comparative)
most subliminal (superlative)

PIE word
 *upó
The adjective is derived from sub- (prefix meaning ‘beneath, under’) + liminal (“of or pertaining to an entrance or threshold”) (from Latin līminālis, from līmen (“doorstep, threshold; doorway, entrance; beginning, commencement”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)) + *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)). The English word is borrowed from German subliminal, or a calque of German unterschwellig (“subliminal”, literally “beneath the threshold”).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

calque

(physiology) Of a stimulus: below the limen or threshold of conscious perception, especially if still able to produce a response; also (generally), below the threshold where a response can be produced.

subliminal

of a stimulus: below the limen or threshold of conscious perception, especially if still able to produce a response; also, below the threshold where a response can be produced


subliminal

(physiology) Chiefly preceded by the: something which is below the limen or threshold of conscious perception.

閾下

something below the limen or threshold of conscious perception


motile

en-adj

motile (comparative more motile, superlative most motile)

more motile (comparative)
most motile (superlative)

From Latin mōtus, perfect passive participle of moveō (“I move”) (English move).

2007 H E König et al: Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals
Visceral motility' is responsible for transporting the contents of the different organs. Thus it controls the amount of contents found in any organ at any one time. Through contraction and dilatation mechanisms, the food bolus passes through the intestinal tract, the gall bladder secretes bile, urine is excreted, semen is transported and the uterus wall contracts during birth.
This motility is also responsible for the closing of sphincters, for example at the stomach exit (pylorus) or in the bladder. The diastole and systole of the heart can be understood as the motility of the circulatory system.

(physiology) In organs: having the power to move their contents, or to change their shape or tension by writhing or contracting as required by their particular physiological functions.


apple core

The central portion of an apple containing the seeds and where the stem attaches (and the opposed end). Particularly the portion that remains after the main part of the fruit has been eaten.

Apfelkerngehäuse (stilted or when no picture of apples has been made yet, without that Kerngehäuse n “core” clearly refers to a fruit already)


kinesthesia

en-noun

kinesthesia (countable and uncountable, plural kinesthesias)

/ˌkɪnɪsˈθiʒə/

/ˌkaɪnɪsˈθiʒə/

From kine- + -esthesia. Compare kinesthesis and Greek κιναισθησία (kinaisthisía).
Notes
If this word were borrowed on fully traditional principles it would be cinesthesia (or cinaesthesia); compare cinema from the same root. But more often this Greek root is spelled and pronounced with a k, and in the case of kinesthesia this avoids inconvenient homophony with synaesthesia, the sensation of one type of perception as another (e.g. the perception of smells as colors). Nevertheless the words are still occasionally confused; e.g. http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0849303710&id=_u4sZjHHwCYC&pg=PA581&lpg=PA581&dq=cinesthesia&sig=gFEo5BGoW75XcUVTk44aHGKgGuc.

(physiology) The perception of the movement of one's own body, its limbs and muscles etc.


antiperistaltic

(physiology) Of or relating to antiperistalsis.


micturate

en-verb

micturate (third-person singular simple present micturates, present participle micturating, simple past and past participle micturated)

micturates (present singular third-person)
micturating (participle present)
micturated (participle past)
micturated (past)

/ˈmɪkt͡ʃəɹeɪt/

Borrowed from Latin micturīre (“to have the urge to urinate”), from mictūrus, from meiō (“urinate”).
Though borrowed from Latin in Modern English (in the mid 19th century), the root of this word was present in Old English in the word mīgan (and whence Early Middle English miȝen), which simply meant “to urinate”.
See: Mingere and meiere: urination.

bor

David Lynch himself uses the down-time between takes to confer with A.D.’s and producers and to drink coffee and/or micturate into the undergrowth, and to smoke American Spirits and walk pensively around the Mercedeses and camera truck’s technical fray, sometimes holding one hand to his cheek in a way that recalls Jack Benny.

1997, David Foster Wallace, “David Lynch keeps his head”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group:

Jeffrey Lebowski: So every time -- I just want to understand this, sir -- every time a rug is micturated upon in this fair city, I have to compensate the (owner) --?

1998, Joel and Ethan Coen, The Big Lebowski:

(intransitive, physiology, formal) To urinate.


CBF

cerebral blood flow
cerebral blood flow#English

(physiology) Initialism of cerebral blood flow.


seethe

en-verb

seethe (third-person singular simple present seethes, present participle seething, simple past and past participle seethed)

seethes (present singular third-person)
seething (participle present)
seethed (participle past)
seethed (past)
seethe (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English sethen, seeth (“to boil, seethe; to cook; etc.”) [and other forms], from Old English sēoþan (“to boil, seethe; to cook; etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *seuþan, from Proto-Germanic *seuþaną (“to boil, seethe”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt-, *h₂sew-, *h₂sut- (“to move about, roil, seethe”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
cognates
* Albanian zjej (“to boil, seethe”)
* Danish syde (“to seethe, boil”)
* Dutch zieden (“to boil, seethe”)
* German sieden (“to boil, seethe”)
* Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (sauþs, “burnt offering, sacrifice”)
* Icelandic sjóða (“to boil, seethe”)
* Low German seden (“to seethe”)
* Norwegian Bokmål syde (“to boil, seethe”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk sjoda, syda (“to boil, seethe”)
* Scots seth, seith (“to seethe”)
* Swedish sjuda (“to boil, seethe”)
* West Frisian siede (“to boil”)

nb...

cethen, cethyn, sede, seden, seethe, seith, seithe, seth, sethe, sethene, syede, sith, sithe, sithen, zeoth, zeothen, zeotheon, (chiefly Early Middle English) seþe, seþen, seoth, seothe, seothen, seoþe, seoþen, (Early Middle English) seit, seod, soð

cog

Elixation is the ſeething of meat in the ſtomack, by the ſaid naturall heat, as meat is boyled in a pot; […]

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Of the Soule and Her Faculties”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 5, page 20:

(obsolete, physiology) Of the stomach: to digest (food).


tono

(physiology) tone (definition and firmness of a muscle)


nociceptive

Coined by English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in 1906, from Latin noceō (“to do harm, to inflict injury”) + receptive.

af

(physiology) Relating to the perception or sensation of pain.


antiperistalsis

en-noun

antiperistalsis (usually uncountable, plural antiperistalses)

(physiology) peristalsis occurring in the opposite direction of the way it typically occurs


rigor

rigor (countable and uncountable, plural rigors)

From Old French, from Latin rigor (“stiffness, rigidity, rigor, cold, harshness”), from rigere (“to be rigid”).

der

Heat always upped the rate at which rigor gripped a corpse.

2005, Jon Courtenay Grimwood, Pashazade, page 4, paragraph 3:

(physiology, informal) Short for rigor mortis.


steatopygous

en-adj

steatopygous (comparative more steatopygous, superlative most steatopygous)

more steatopygous (comparative)
most steatopygous (superlative)

From steatopyga, steatopygia + -ous. Steatopyga is borrowed from New Latin steatopyga, from Ancient Greek στέᾱτος (stéātos) (genitive singular of στέαρ (stéar, “hard fat, suet, tallow”)) + πῡγή (pūgḗ, “buttocks, rump”).

refn

From [Louis-Joseph] A[lcide] Railliet (1895) Traité de zoologie médicale et agricole [Treatise of Medical and Agricultural Zoology], Paris: Asselin et Houzeau, →OCLC, page 1244.

[W]e may refer to some unknown condition of climate, the steatopygous deformities of the Bushmen. As these remarkable depositions of fat are not the peculiarity of one tribe, namely the Saabs, [...] we have no room for doubt that the cause of the phenomenon is some influence connected with climate and situation.

1837, James Cowles Prichard, Researches into the Physical History of Mankind, 3rd edition, volume II, London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, […]; and J. and A. Arch, […], →OCLC, section I, page 339:

Living in rooms opposite these slave girls, and seeing them at all hours of the day and night, I had frequent opportunities of studying them. They were average specimens of the steatopygous Abyssinian breed, broad-shouldered, thin-flanked, fine-limbed, and with haunches of prodigious size.

1855, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “The Nile Steam Boat”, in Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah. … In Three Volumes, volume I (El-Misr), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 87:

Perhaps, he now felt, if this body he held could become—just for twenty or thirty seconds—one of those harem dreams of his, pampered, pouting, perfumed, steatopygous, he could, he was sure, achieve what it was a plain duty, apart from all questions of gratification, to achieve.

1963, Anthony Burgess, chapter 2, in Inside Mr. Enderby, London: Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as Enderby, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, September 1969 (March 1973 printing), →OCLC, book II, section 4, page 160:

At his side, Amuta and a steatopygous twelve-year-old in a striped shift.

1981, T[homas] Coraghessan Boyle, “Niger Redux”, in Water Music, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, →ISBN; republished London: Granta Books, 1998, →ISBN, page 341:

And finally there is the old crone of death, the steatopygous figure with pointed feet, that goes all the way back to the Paleolithic settlement of Dolne Vestonice.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 144:

(physiology) Pertaining to steatopygia; having fat or prominent buttocks.


dead space

en-noun

dead space (countable and uncountable, plural dead spaces)

(physiology) The portion of the respiratory tract that is ventilated but not perfused by pulmonary circulation.


hore

From Old English horu, horh, from Proto-West Germanic *hurhu, from Proto-Germanic *hurhwą.


involution

involution (countable and uncountable, plural involutions)

(physiology) The regressive changes in the body occurring with old age.


micturition

micturition (countable and uncountable, plural micturitions)

For those unlucky enough to be on a service without lavatory provision, we can only speculate as to how passengers improvised if caught short. For men, it might be possible to urinate, albeit at the risk of offending fellow passengers - there were reports of passengers being hauled up before the courts for 'micturition' in coaches during the 19th century.

2020 January 2, Dr Mike Esbester, “Waste disposal...”, in Rail, page 36:


ovulation

ovulation (countable and uncountable, plural ovulations)

(physiology) The release of an ovum from an ovary.


ovulation

ovulation (indefinite nominative singular)
ovulations (genitive indefinite singular)
ovulationen (definite nominative singular)
ovulationens (definite genitive singular)
ovulationer (indefinite nominative plural)
ovulationers (genitive indefinite plural)
ovulationerna (definite nominative plural)
ovulationernas (definite genitive plural)


oligotrophic

en-adj

oligotrophic (comparative more oligotrophic, superlative most oligotrophic)

more oligotrophic (comparative)
most oligotrophic (superlative)

(physiology, of a diet) deficient in nutrition (providing little nourishment)


synaptic

From New Latin synapticus, from Ancient Greek συναπτικός (sunaptikós, “capable of adjusting”).

der

With a pencil, he highlights areas where synaptic function is declining, where the neurons are dying.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 6:

(physiology) Of or relating to a synapse—the junction between the terminal of a neuron and another cell.


ketogenesis

/ˌkiːtəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

(physiology, biochemistry) The metabolic breakdown of fatty acids to produce ketone bodies.


isotonic

/ˌɑɪ.səˈtɑː.nɪk/

(physiology) Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle changes. Antonym is isometric. Isotonic movements are either concentric (working muscle shortens) or eccentric (working muscle lengthens). See also Wikipedia:Isotonic (exercise physiology)


Lunge

Lunge (genitive)
Lungen (plural)
Lunge (nominative singular)
Lungen (definite nominative plural)
Lunge (genitive singular)
Lungen (definite genitive plural)
Lunge (dative singular)
Lungen (dative definite plural)
Lunge (accusative singular)
Lungen (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German lunge, from Old High German lunga, from Proto-Germanic *lungô (literally “the light organ”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light, agile, nimble”). Compare Dutch long, English lung, Danish lunge, Swedish lunga, Icelandic lunga.


רוק

he-noun

רוק / רֹק • (roq) m

Root
 ר־ק־ק (r-q-q)
Compare Arabic رِيق (rīq).


re-entry

en-noun

re-entry (countable and uncountable, plural re-entries)

(physiology) The reactivation of (a region of) myocardial tissue by a single, returning impulse.