fil

head

fil (definite accusative fili, plural filler)

fili (accusative definite)
filler (plural)
fil (nominative singular)
filler (nominative plural)
fili (accusative definite singular)
filleri (accusative definite plural)
file (dative singular)
fillere (dative plural)
filde (locative singular)
fillerde (locative plural)
filden (ablative singular)
fillerden (ablative plural)
filin (genitive singular)
fillerin (genitive plural)
filim (first-person nominative singular)
fillerim (first-person nominative singular)
filin (nominative second-person singular)
fillerin (nominative second-person singular)
fili (nominative singular third-person)
filleri (nominative singular third-person)
filimiz (first-person nominative plural)
fillerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
filiniz (nominative plural second-person)
filleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
filleri (nominative plural third-person)
filimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
fillerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
filini (accusative definite second-person singular)
fillerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
filini (accusative definite singular third-person)
fillerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
filimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
fillerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
filinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
fillerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
fillerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
filime (dative first-person singular)
fillerime (dative first-person singular)
filine (dative second-person singular)
fillerine (dative second-person singular)
filine (dative singular third-person)
fillerine (dative singular third-person)
filimize (dative first-person plural)
fillerimize (dative first-person plural)
filinize (dative plural second-person)
fillerinize (dative plural second-person)
fillerine (dative plural third-person)
filimde (first-person locative singular)
fillerimde (first-person locative singular)
filinde (locative second-person singular)
fillerinde (locative second-person singular)
filinde (locative singular third-person)
fillerinde (locative singular third-person)
filimizde (first-person locative plural)
fillerimizde (first-person locative plural)
filinizde (locative plural second-person)
fillerinizde (locative plural second-person)
fillerinde (locative plural third-person)
filimden (ablative first-person singular)
fillerimden (ablative first-person singular)
filinden (ablative second-person singular)
fillerinden (ablative second-person singular)
filinden (ablative singular third-person)
fillerinden (ablative singular third-person)
filimizden (ablative first-person plural)
fillerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
filinizden (ablative plural second-person)
fillerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
fillerinden (ablative plural third-person)
filimin (first-person genitive singular)
fillerimin (first-person genitive singular)
filinin (genitive second-person singular)
fillerinin (genitive second-person singular)
filinin (genitive singular third-person)
fillerinin (genitive singular third-person)
filimizin (first-person genitive plural)
fillerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
filinizin (genitive plural second-person)
fillerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
fillerinin (genitive plural third-person)
filim (first-person singular)
fillerim (first-person singular)
filsin (second-person singular)
fillersin (second-person singular)
fil (singular third-person)
fildir (singular third-person)
filler (singular third-person)
fillerdir (singular third-person)
filiz (first-person plural)
filleriz (first-person plural)
filsiniz (plural second-person)
fillersiniz (plural second-person)
filler (plural third-person)
fillerdir (plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish فیل (fil), from Arabic فِيل (fīl), from Persian پیل (pil) (and from alternate Ottoman Turkish پیل (pil), directly from Persian پیل (pil)), from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (pīru), related to Egyptian ꜣbw (root of English elephant).


fil

fillar (plural)
fil (nominative singular)
fillar (nominative plural)
filning (genitive singular)
fillarning (genitive plural)
filga (dative singular)
fillarga (dative plural)
filni (accusative definite singular)
fillarni (accusative definite plural)
filda (locative singular)
fillarda (locative plural)
fildan (ablative singular)
fillardan (ablative plural)
fildek (singular)
fillardek (plural)
filim (first-person nominative singular)
fillarim (first-person nominative)
filimning (first-person genitive singular)
fillarimning (first-person genitive)
filimga (dative first-person singular)
fillarimga (dative first-person)
filimni (accusative definite first-person singular)
fillarimni (accusative definite first-person)
filimda (first-person locative singular)
fillarimda (first-person locative)
filimdan (ablative first-person singular)
fillarimdan (ablative first-person)
filimdek (first-person singular)
fillarimdek (first-person)
filing (nominative second-person singular)
fillaring (nominative second-person)
filingning (genitive second-person singular)
fillaringning (genitive second-person)
filingga (dative second-person singular)
fillaringga (dative second-person)
filingni (accusative definite second-person singular)
fillaringni (accusative definite second-person)
filingda (locative second-person singular)
fillaringda (locative second-person)
filingdan (ablative second-person singular)
fillaringdan (ablative second-person)
filingdek (second-person singular)
fillaringdek (second-person)
fili (nominative singular)
fillari (nominative plural)
filining (genitive singular)
fillarining (genitive plural)
filiga (dative singular)
fillariga (dative plural)
filini (accusative definite singular)
fillarini (accusative definite plural)
filida (locative singular)
fillarida (locative plural)
filidan (ablative singular)
fillaridan (ablative plural)
filidek (singular)
fillaridek (plural)
filimiz (first-person nominative)
fillarimiz (first-person nominative plural)
filimizning (first-person genitive)
fillarimizning (first-person genitive plural)
filimizga (dative first-person)
fillarimizga (dative first-person plural)
filimizni (accusative definite first-person)
fillarimizni (accusative definite first-person plural)
filimizda (first-person locative)
fillarimizda (first-person locative plural)
filimizdan (ablative first-person)
fillarimizdan (ablative first-person plural)
filimizdek (first-person)
fillarimizdek (first-person plural)
filingiz (nominative second-person)
fillaringiz (nominative plural second-person)
filingizning (genitive second-person)
fillaringizning (genitive plural second-person)
filingizga (dative second-person)
fillaringizga (dative plural second-person)
filingizni (accusative definite second-person)
fillaringizni (accusative definite plural second-person)
filingizda (locative second-person)
fillaringizda (locative plural second-person)
filingizdan (ablative second-person)
fillaringizdan (ablative plural second-person)
filingizdek (second-person)
fillaringizdek (plural second-person)

Inherited from Chagatai فیل (fīl /fīl/), from Classical Persian فیل (fīl), from Arabic فِيلٌ m (fīlun), Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫 (pyl /pīl/), from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (/pīru/).


mana

en-noun

mana (usually uncountable, plural manas)

Borrowed from Maori mana, ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana.
The use of "mana" for "magical power" in video games originated from Larry Niven, when he wrote the short story, "Not Long Before the End", in 1969. It was later popularised by his "The Magic Goes Away" setting.

Battle of Chunuk Bair
New Zealand Defence Force
Royal New Zealand Navy

[page 10] I have the honor to report, for the information of the Government, the result of my visit to Maketu and the Lake District, and the preliminary arrangements made for introducing the new system of Government for the Natives. […] [page 12] They further required that a certain number of the old Chiefs should be liberally pensioned by the Government, and placed upon a footing of equality with European gentlemen of independent means, in consideration of their resigning their "mana" as Chiefs in favor of the new system; […]

1862 January 25, Thomas H. Smith, “No. 4: Second Report from T. H. Smith, Esq., R.M.”, in Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives of New Zealand. From the Seventh Day of July to the Fifteenth Day of September, 1862 both Days Inclusive. In the Twenty-sixth Day of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. Being the Second Session of the Third Parliament of New Zealand, Wellington: Printed by W. C. Wilson for the House of Representatives, at the printing office, Shortland Crescent, Auckland, →OCLC, pages 10 and 12:

The human tribe partakes of the mana or life-force of the animal, and is strengthened[].

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., page 61:

But in popular estimation their essential virtue derived from the personal mana of the sovereign.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in 16th and 17th Century England, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, OCLC 71368859; republished London: Folio Society, 2012, OCLC 805007047, page 193

It can be seen, therefore, that mana is a nonvisible changing measure; it can remain static, increase, or decrease, depending on the actions or inaction of the recipient, and it can be enhanced or diminished. […] One can speak of the mana of a warrior, the mana of a woman leader, the mana of a child prodigy.

1999, Pat Hohepa, “My Musket, My Missionary and My Mana”, in Alex Calder, Jonathan Lamb, Bridget Orr, editors, Voyages and Beaches: Pacific Encounters, 1769–1840, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, →ISBN, page 197:

Among the Maori sovereignty was the result of mana—power based on hereditary rank and personal achievement. Manas could coexist and overlap, as they did in the medieval times in Europe.

2001 September, Aldo Matteucci, “Language and Diplomacy – A Practitioner's View”, in Jovan Kurbalija, Hannah Slavik, editors, Language and Diplomacy, Malta: DiploProjects, Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, University of Malta, →ISBN, page 61:

On a number of occasions in recent years apologies have been offered to Māori because of past offences to their mana and invasions of their rights as tangata whenua.

2012, Harold Hill, “Te Ope Whakaora, the Army that Brings Life: The Salvation Army and Māori”, in Hugh [Douglas] Morrison, Lachy Paterson, Brett Knowles, Murray Rae, editors, Mana Māori and Christianity, Wellington: Huia Publishers, →ISBN:

Power, prestige; specifically, a form of supernatural energy in Polynesian religion that inheres in things or people.


crown

en-verb

crown (third-person singular simple present crowns, present participle crowning, simple past and past participle crowned)

crowns (present singular third-person)
crowning (participle present)
crowned (participle past)
crowned (past)

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

“Crown me!” I said, as I moved my checker to the back row.

(board games) In checkers, to stack two checkers to indicate that the piece has become a king.

merkata

checkers: to stack two checkers to indicate that the piece has become a king


energy

en-noun

energy (countable and uncountable, plural energies)

→ Cebuano: enerdyi

→ Japanese: エナジー (enajī)

→ Korean: 에너지 (eneoji)

From Middle French énergie, from Late Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “activity”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). The sense in physics was coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1802 in his lectures on Natural Philosophy.

coin

(roleplaying games, video games, board games) A measure of how many actions a player or unit can take; in the fantasy genre often called magic points or mana.

roleplaying games; board games; roleplaying games; board games


四

ja-pos

四(スー) • (sū)

小四喜

四喜和 (sūshīhō)

大四喜

四喜和 (sūshīhō)


d

Abbreviations.
* (British penny; old penny): abbreviation of Latin denarii, the name of the corresponding Roman coin.
* (dice): abbreviation of dice
d
# Abbreviation of died or death.
#: William Shakespeare, d 1616
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of do and inflections doing, did, done and homophone due
#: exception: dz 'does'
# (stenoscript) prefix dis- or des-

ng

or <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">death</i>.

d20 — a specialized die with twenty sides

2d6 — the sum of the roll of two six-sided dice


home

From Middle English hōm, from Old English hām, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home, village”), from Proto-Indo-European *tḱóymos (“village, home”), from the root *tḱey-. Doublet of heyem.
Cognates
Germanic cognates: see *haimaz.
Cognate with Irish caoimh (“dear”), Lithuanian kaimas (“village”), šeima (“family”), Albanian komb (“nation, people”), Old Church Slavonic сѣмь (sěmĭ, “seed”), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (kittari, “it lies”), Ancient Greek κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”), Latin civis (“citizen”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬈 (saēte, “he lies, rests”), Sanskrit शये (śáye, “he lies”)).

cog

it takes a heap of living to make a house a home

it takes a heap o' livin' to make a house a home

it takes a lot of living to make a house a home

The object of Sorry! is to get all four of your pawns to your home.

(board games) The ultimate point aimed at in a progress; the goal.


pour

Of Germanic origin, cognate with German Bauer, Dutch boer.


白

⟨siro₁⟩ → */sirʷo/ → /ɕiro/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *siro.
The standalone apophonic form of shira below.


白

白 (canonical)
白 (canonical)
haku (romanization)

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of white dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


halma

From Ancient Greek ἅλμα (hálma, “leap”).

As a crowning dissipation, they all sat down to play progressive halma, with milk chocolate for prizes.

1904, ‘Saki’, “Reginald's Christmas Revel”, in Reginald:

(board games, uncountable) A board game invented by George Howard Monks in which the players' men jump over those in adjacent squares.


halma

halma (nominative singular)
halmat (nominative plural)
halma (accusative nominative singular)
halmat (accusative nominative plural)
halman (accusative genitive singular)
halmat (accusative genitive plural)
halman (genitive singular)
halmojen (genitive plural)
halmain (genitive plural rare)
halmaa (partitive singular)
halmoja (partitive plural)
halmassa (inessive singular)
halmoissa (inessive plural)
halmasta (elative singular)
halmoista (elative plural)
halmaan (illative singular)
halmoihin (illative plural)
halmalla (adessive singular)
halmoilla (adessive plural)
halmalta (ablative singular)
halmoilta (ablative plural)
halmalle (allative singular)
halmoille (allative plural)
halmana (essive singular)
halmoina (essive plural)
halmaksi (singular translative)
halmoiksi (plural translative)
halmatta (abessive singular)
halmoitta (abessive plural)
halmoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
halmani (nominative singular)
halmani (nominative plural)
halmani (accusative nominative singular)
halmani (accusative nominative plural)
halmani (accusative genitive singular)
halmani (accusative genitive plural)
halmani (genitive singular)
halmojeni (genitive plural)
halmaini (genitive plural rare)
halmaani (partitive singular)
halmojani (partitive plural)
halmassani (inessive singular)
halmoissani (inessive plural)
halmastani (elative singular)
halmoistani (elative plural)
halmaani (illative singular)
halmoihini (illative plural)
halmallani (adessive singular)
halmoillani (adessive plural)
halmaltani (ablative singular)
halmoiltani (ablative plural)
halmalleni (allative singular)
halmoilleni (allative plural)
halmanani (essive singular)
halmoinani (essive plural)
halmakseni (singular translative)
halmoikseni (plural translative)
halmattani (abessive singular)
halmoittani (abessive plural)
halmoineni (comitative plural)
halmasi (nominative singular)
halmasi (nominative plural)
halmasi (accusative nominative singular)
halmasi (accusative nominative plural)
halmasi (accusative genitive singular)
halmasi (accusative genitive plural)
halmasi (genitive singular)
halmojesi (genitive plural)
halmaisi (genitive plural rare)
halmaasi (partitive singular)
halmojasi (partitive plural)
halmassasi (inessive singular)
halmoissasi (inessive plural)
halmastasi (elative singular)
halmoistasi (elative plural)
halmaasi (illative singular)
halmoihisi (illative plural)
halmallasi (adessive singular)
halmoillasi (adessive plural)
halmaltasi (ablative singular)
halmoiltasi (ablative plural)
halmallesi (allative singular)
halmoillesi (allative plural)
halmanasi (essive singular)
halmoinasi (essive plural)
halmaksesi (singular translative)
halmoiksesi (plural translative)
halmattasi (abessive singular)
halmoittasi (abessive plural)
halmoinesi (comitative plural)
halmamme (nominative singular)
halmamme (nominative plural)
halmamme (accusative nominative singular)
halmamme (accusative nominative plural)
halmamme (accusative genitive singular)
halmamme (accusative genitive plural)
halmamme (genitive singular)
halmojemme (genitive plural)
halmaimme (genitive plural rare)
halmaamme (partitive singular)
halmojamme (partitive plural)
halmassamme (inessive singular)
halmoissamme (inessive plural)
halmastamme (elative singular)
halmoistamme (elative plural)
halmaamme (illative singular)
halmoihimme (illative plural)
halmallamme (adessive singular)
halmoillamme (adessive plural)
halmaltamme (ablative singular)
halmoiltamme (ablative plural)
halmallemme (allative singular)
halmoillemme (allative plural)
halmanamme (essive singular)
halmoinamme (essive plural)
halmaksemme (singular translative)
halmoiksemme (plural translative)
halmattamme (abessive singular)
halmoittamme (abessive plural)
halmoinemme (comitative plural)
halmanne (nominative singular)
halmanne (nominative plural)
halmanne (accusative nominative singular)
halmanne (accusative nominative plural)
halmanne (accusative genitive singular)
halmanne (accusative genitive plural)
halmanne (genitive singular)
halmojenne (genitive plural)
halmainne (genitive plural rare)
halmaanne (partitive singular)
halmojanne (partitive plural)
halmassanne (inessive singular)
halmoissanne (inessive plural)
halmastanne (elative singular)
halmoistanne (elative plural)
halmaanne (illative singular)
halmoihinne (illative plural)
halmallanne (adessive singular)
halmoillanne (adessive plural)
halmaltanne (ablative singular)
halmoiltanne (ablative plural)
halmallenne (allative singular)
halmoillenne (allative plural)
halmananne (essive singular)
halmoinanne (essive plural)
halmaksenne (singular translative)
halmoiksenne (plural translative)
halmattanne (abessive singular)
halmoittanne (abessive plural)
halmoinenne (comitative plural)
halmansa (nominative singular)
halmansa (nominative plural)
halmansa (accusative nominative singular)
halmansa (accusative nominative plural)
halmansa (accusative genitive singular)
halmansa (accusative genitive plural)
halmansa (genitive singular)
halmojensa (genitive plural)
halmainsa (genitive plural rare)
halmaansa (partitive singular)
halmojaan (partitive plural)
halmojansa (partitive plural)
halmassaan (inessive singular)
halmassansa (inessive singular)
halmoissaan (inessive plural)
halmoissansa (inessive plural)
halmastaan (elative singular)
halmastansa (elative singular)
halmoistaan (elative plural)
halmoistansa (elative plural)
halmaansa (illative singular)
halmoihinsa (illative plural)
halmallaan (adessive singular)
halmallansa (adessive singular)
halmoillaan (adessive plural)
halmoillansa (adessive plural)
halmaltaan (ablative singular)
halmaltansa (ablative singular)
halmoiltaan (ablative plural)
halmoiltansa (ablative plural)
halmalleen (allative singular)
halmallensa (allative singular)
halmoilleen (allative plural)
halmoillensa (allative plural)
halmanaan (essive singular)
halmanansa (essive singular)
halmoinaan (essive plural)
halmoinansa (essive plural)
halmakseen (singular translative)
halmaksensa (singular translative)
halmoikseen (plural translative)
halmoiksensa (plural translative)
halmattaan (abessive singular)
halmattansa (abessive singular)
halmoittaan (abessive plural)
halmoittansa (abessive plural)
halmoineen (comitative plural)
halmoinensa (comitative plural)

From English halma, from Ancient Greek ἅλμα (hálma).


halma

head

halma (usually uncountable, plural halmák)

halmák (plural)
halma (nominative singular)
halmák (nominative plural)
halmát (accusative singular)
halmákat (accusative plural)
halmának (dative singular)
halmáknak (dative plural)
halmával (instrumental singular)
halmákkal (instrumental plural)
halmáért (causal-final singular)
halmákért (causal-final plural)
halmává (singular translative)
halmákká (plural translative)
halmáig (singular terminative)
halmákig (plural terminative)
halmaként (essive-formal singular)
halmákként (essive-formal plural)
halmában (inessive singular)
halmákban (inessive plural)
halmán (singular superessive)
halmákon (plural superessive)
halmánál (adessive singular)
halmáknál (adessive plural)
halmába (illative singular)
halmákba (illative plural)
halmára (singular sublative)
halmákra (plural sublative)
halmához (allative singular)
halmákhoz (allative plural)
halmából (elative singular)
halmákból (elative plural)
halmáról (delative singular)
halmákról (delative plural)
halmától (ablative singular)
halmáktól (ablative plural)
halmáé (singular)
halmáké (plural)
halmáéi (singular)
halmákéi (plural)
halmám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
halmáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
halmád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
halmáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
halmája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
halmái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
halmánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
halmáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
halmátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
halmáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
halmájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
halmáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


halma

From English halma, from Ancient Greek ἅλμα (hálma, “leap”).

(board games) halma: a board game invented by George Howard Monks in which the players' men jump over those in adjacent squares.


南

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of south wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


東

From Mandarin 東 /东 (dōng).
Compare Wu 東 /东 (ton), Hakka 東 /东 (tûng), Min Nan 東 /东 (tong).

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


北

ja-noun

北(ペー) • (pē)

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


中

(mahjong) Short for 紅中 (honchun): a red dragon tile

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand combination”) with a meld of red dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


上

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Ideogram (指事): a line above another (contrast 下 (xià)) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”) (STEDT).
Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin. Pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻 (xiéyùn), i.e. its pronunciation has been artificially changed to preserve rhymes in classical poetry.

cog

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow


仕

See 士 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar, gentleman"

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩡 (on the red side)


傌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mraːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

Han compound

(xiangqi) horse; knight: 🩣 (on the red side)


傌

(historical) a kind of punishment during the Han Dynasty


兵

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 斤 (“a short axe”) + 廾 (“2 hands”) – a pair of hands holding a weapon. Unrelated to 丘.

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩦 (on the red side)


到

遘
告
至
甲
各
格
𢓜
佫
徦
假
臵

(Hokkien, mahjong, playing cards) to complete a winning hand


drag

drag (indefinite nominative singular)
drags (genitive indefinite singular)
draget (definite nominative singular)
dragets (definite genitive singular)
drag (indefinite nominative plural)
drags (genitive indefinite plural)
dragen (definite nominative plural)
dragens (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish dragh, from Old Norse drag, related to the verb draga (“to pull, draw”).


劫

劫 (canonical)
kō (romanization)
kofu (romanization)
こふ (hiragana historical)

/kopu/ → /kofu/ → */kowu/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep), short form of 劫波 (MC kjaep pa), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “aeon”).

(Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology


劫

(go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely


劫

劫 (canonical)
gō (romanization)
gofu (romanization)
ごふ (hiragana historical)

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → */ɡowu/ → /ɡoː/
Possibly a shift from kō above.


包

Sino-Xenic (包):
* → Vietnamese: bao (包)

→ English: bao, bau, bow, pao, pau

⇒ Khmer: នំប៉ាវ (num paaw)

⇒ Lao: ກະລາເປົ໋າ (ka lā pao)

→ Malay: pau

⇒ Thai: ซาลาเปา (saa-laa-bpao)

Pictogram (象形) – a fetus (巳 (sì)) in the womb (勹), or a swaddled baby. Shuowen gives both interpretations.


卒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (卒):
* → Japanese: 卒(そつ) (sotsu)
* → Korean: 졸(卒) (jol)
* → Vietnamese: tốt (卒)

There were 5 forms of 卒 in Shang oracle bone script (Qiu, 1990; Xuan, 2012):
# : same as 衣 (“clothes”) (> Western Zhou bronze script );
# : a crisscross 衣 - a completed clothing;
# (卒): ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 衣 (“clothes”) with a mark - a completed clothing to be folded (> Warring States bronze script ; Chu slip and silk script );
# (𧙻): phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): 衣 (“clothes”) + 聿 (OC *b·lud) (hand (又) holding a brush);
# ,: 𧙻 having 又 omitted.
The brush shape in form (5) was often placed upside down. Later the inverted brush shape was mistaken as 又 and then moved to the top as in Chu slip and silk script (𰠄) to avoid obscuration with 袁 (衣 + 又) (Xuan, 2012).
From 遭 (OC *ʔsluː, “to meet”) + nominal suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩭 (on the black side)


吃

Wutunhua: qe

→ Japanese: 吃(チー) (chī)

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound 形聲 /形声 (xíngshēng): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).
According to folk etymologies, 乞 in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare 气, which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.

吃得苦中苦，方為人上人 / 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

chī de kǔ zhōng kǔ, fāng wéi rén shàng rén


吃

From Mandarin 吃 (chī, literally “to eat”).

(mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, “sequence of three suited tiles”), compare English chow


后

Oracle bone inscriptions often wrote 后 as 毓, depicting a woman giving birth. Wang Guowei posits the meaning extended from childbirth to succession, then to empress. In the modern form, the birthing figure would be 𠂆 and the child figure 𠮛.
According to Kōjien and 学研漢和大字典, ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 人 (“person (variant form)”) + 口 (“hole”) — a depiction of a person's (人) anus, with the additional meaning of “behind”, “rear”, as well as coming to mean “emperor/empress”, who would live in a palace “behind” worldly troubles.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Cognate with Tibetan གོ (go, “head; headman”), མགོ (mgo, “head, top, beginning”).


味

味 (canonical)
aji (romanization)
adi (romanization)
あぢ (hiragana historical)

/adi/ → /ad͡ʑi/ → /aʑi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *anti.

味が悪い

(go) aji, the ‘flavour’ or lingering possibilities of a position

(go) bad aji, a lingering weakness in a position


和

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony. The original version was 龢, with the radical of the flute 𠎤 (> 龠) in its either archaic or contracted version perhaps to indicate the abstract concept of harmony through harmony in music.
; “and; with”
; “Japanese”

Han compound

和牌


嗊

(xiangqi, Hokkien) general or marshal; the king piece (on the black side) or the chief piece (on the red side)


地

地 (canonical)
ji (romanization)
ぢ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 地 (dijᴴ). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin dì.


子

子 (canonical)
ko (romanization)
人 (counter)

⟨ko₁⟩ → */kʷo/ → /ko/
From Old Japanese, attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), two of the oldest examples of written Japanese.
Cognate with 蚕 (ko, “silkworm”) and possibly 小 (ko, “little”, diminutive prefix).
Possibly cognate with Goguryeo 仇 (*gu), which appears in an ancient place name with an apparent meaning of child.

お子さん: child

when addressing or referring to someone else's

合いの子

child of racial different parent; hybrid organism; something with the qualities of two other things, combination

芋の子

a smaller tuber branching from another potato

(hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games, gambling) person who is dealt cards


將

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ, “bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute. Besides pronunciation, 爿 may partly indicate a small cutting board and/or sacrifical table on which the meat is placed. The sacrifical meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.
The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.
Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).
A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.
; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)
; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)
; anteposed object introductory particle

Han compound

將死

将死


將

(xiangqi) general; king: 🩧 (on the black side)


將

tướng (romanization)
tương (romanization)

Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black”).


山

山 (canonical)
山 (canonical)
yama (romanization)

山に躓かずして垤に躓く

yama ni tsumazukazu shite tetsu ni tsumazuku

From Old Japanese 山 (yama). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Reconstructed as deriving in turn from Proto-Japonic *yama (“mountain; forest”).


帥

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 寻 (“two hands”) + 巾 (“scarf”) - to wear a scarf. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sruds, *srud): phonetic 𠂤 (*C.tˤuj) + semantic 巾.
Also written as 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud, “to lead”); both represent the s-causative of 律 (OC *rud, “to follow”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད (srid, “commander, leader”).

cog

(xiangqi) marshal: 🩠, the chief piece (on the red side)


役

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

(card games, mahjong) hand, scoring combination


征

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tjeŋ): semantic 彳 + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight”). Also ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意).
Simplified from 徵 (徵 → 正) as well as existing already as a traditional character.
From 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight”); see there for more.


手

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tay. Compare 目 (me, ma-, “eye”).

2002 March 9, Yumi Hotta with Obata, Takeshi, “第(だい)131(ひゃくさんじゅういち)局(きょく) 試(ため)される伊(い)角(すみ) [Game 131: Isumi’s Endeavor]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 54:

There’s still that move — I gave up too soon

まだそんな手が残ってた——投了は早すぎた

Mada sonna te ga nokotteta—— Tōryō wa hayasugita


手

(board games) counter for moves in shogi, go, etc.


抽

desc

→ Mongolian: татах (tatax, “to inhale”) (semantic loan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
The slang sense is short for 抽風／抽风 (chōufēng).

Han compound

將軍抽車

将军抽车


栄

Invented for Japanese mahjong by Rin Mokō 林茂光 from such a call from some regions of China, after he found that the usual call in Mandarin 和 (hú) was problematic for Japanese speakers. He adopted the character 栄 as ateji, but later discovered that the original character for this sound was 攏 (lǒng). Nevertheless, the character 栄 remained and was accepted as standard.

(mahjong) Short for 栄和 (ronhō): a win by picking up an opponent's discarded tile


桂

Abbreviation of 桂馬 (keima), the knight in 将棋 (shōgi, “Japanese chess”).

(shogi) the knight in 将棋 (shōgi, “Japanese chess”)


棋

→ Lü: ᦌᦲᧉ (sii²)

/kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

Characters in the same phonetic series (其) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡɯ): semantic 木 (“wooden”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).

Han compound

我們連下了三局棋。

我们连下了三局棋。

board game, usually excluding those played with cards (牌 (pái))

an instance of playing such games (Classifier: 局; 盤／盘)

落棋無悔／落棋无悔

You should not take back your (Go) stone once it is dropped.

Don't just only think of capturing the opponent's pieces.

不要光想著吃對方的棋。

不要光想着吃对方的棋。

In chess, each player has sixteen pieces.

Zài guójìxiàngqí zhōng, měirén yǒu shíliù méi qí.

在國際象棋中，每人有十六枚棋。

在国际象棋中，每人有十六枚棋。

hai² gwok³ zai³ zoeng⁶ kei⁴⁻² dou⁶, mui⁵ jan⁴ jau⁵ sap⁶ luk⁶ zek³ kei⁴⁻².

喺國際象棋度，每人有十六隻棋。

喺国际象棋度，每人有十六只棋。

piece; counter used in such games (Classifier: 枚 m; 隻／只 c)

圍棋／围棋

跳棋 ― tiàoqí ― checkers

Reversi is a board game invented in the 19th century.

Hēibáiqí shì 19 shìjì fāmíng de yī zhǒng qí.

黑白棋是19世紀發明的一種棋。

黑白棋是19世纪发明的一种棋。


槍

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of 遣る (yaru, “to do, execute → to kill”).

(shogi) common name for the 香車 (kyōsha, “lance”)


槓

English: kong

Japanese: 槓(カン) (kan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs).


槓

(mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles

(mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong):

for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile

for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn

for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand


歩

(shogi, colloquial) a foot soldier (piece that can move one space forward), erroneously called as the equivalent of the pawn in Western chess


殺

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) of a boar that had been impaled in the head.
In the seal script, the original compound was corrupted into 𣏂 (sometimes written as 杀). It was also in the seal script that the pictogram (象形): 人 (“person”) + 又 (“right hand”), which was later corrupted into 殳 (“spear”) or 攴, was added under the head of the boar to specify the killing was done by a person.
The modern-day character inherits this and can be thought of as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sreːds, *sreːd): phonetic 𣏂 + semantic 殳 (“spear”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (“to kill”); compare Tibetan བསད (bsad), perfect of Tibetan གསོད (gsod, “to kill”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (“to kill”), Japhug sat (“to kill”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Han compound

杀
𣏂
煞
閷
𢁛
𢽅
𢿹
𢽆
𢼡
𢿔
𢽘
𣪩
𧤿
𧜁

(chess) to mate; short for 將殺／将杀 (jiāngshā) ("to checkmate")


河

河 (canonical)
河 (canonical)
hō (romanization)

From Chinese 河 (hé). The pronunciation is most similar to Cantonese /hɔː²¹/, although most Japanese mahjong terminology is taken from early 20th Century Mandarin.

(mahjong) river: a player's discard pile


炮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (砲 /炮):
* → Japanese: 砲(ほう) (hō)
* → Korean: 포(砲) (po)
* → Vietnamese: pháo (砲)

→ Tuvan: боо (boo)

Mongolic:

→ Buryat: буу (buu)

→ Daur: pau

→ Dongxiang: pao

→ Kalmyk: бу (bu)

→ Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠤ (buu) / буу (buu)

Tungusic:

→ Manchu: ᡦᠣᠣ (poo)

→ Nanai: пао (pao)

→ Orok: пау (pau)

→ Ulch: пау

→ Nivkh: пʼау (pʼau)

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː): semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).


file

From French file, from filer (“to spin out, arrange one behind another”), from Latin fīlāre, from filum (“thread”).

(chess) One of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).


牌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牌):
* → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
* → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
* → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

desc

→ Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)

→ Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)

→ Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)

→ Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)

→ Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)

→ Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)

→ White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)

→ Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *breː, *breː): semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Han compound

打牌

洗牌

我就剩一張牌了！

我就剩一张牌了！

(card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c)


王

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王):
* → Japanese: 王(おう) (ō)
* → Okinawan: 王(をー) (wō)
* → Korean: 왕(王) (wang)
* → Vietnamese: vương (王)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang)

Cyrillic script: ван (van)

→ Buryat: ван (van)

→ English: Wang (via Mandarin), Wong (via Cantonese), Ong (via Hokkien), Heng (via Teochew)

→ Iu Mien: hungh

→ Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

→ Middle Mongol: (via Early Mandarin)

Uigurjin script: ᠣᠩ (ʾwnk /oŋ/)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 (oŋ) (via Early Mandarin), 𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷 (wʾnk /waŋ/) (via Early Mandarin)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ)

→ Tagalog: Ong (via Hokkien), Wong (via Cantonese), Wang (via Mandarin)

→ Thai: อ๋อง (ɔ̌ng) (via Hokkien)

→ Zhuang: vuengz

Chinese bronze inscriptions
Konyak languages
Zhou dynasty

Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) of a ritual axe made perhaps of jade, a symbols of the king's power. A ceremonial axe was kept near the throne, and was used for performing rituals in ancient China.
The traditional interpretation (most likely a folk etymology given the original appearance of the character) is that the character metaphorically indicates the king or emperor according to the ancient Chinese thought: three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth, and the vertical stroke is the king or emperor, the one who connects them together. However, compare 天 (tiān) (a man with a horizontal stroke above his head to indicate the sky).
Unrelated to 玉 (yù, “a string with three pieces of jade”) and 主 (“master”); partly related to 士 (a war axe and, perhaps, sometimes a variant of 王), to 戉 (an axe drawn vertically), to the inner component of 匡 (kuāng, “square‑shaped bamboo basket”), and to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Uncertain. There are many proposed etymologies:
* Sagart and Baxter (2009) compare it to Tibetan གོང་མ (gong ma, “superior one”).
* Schuessler (2007) compares it to Tibetan དབང (dbang, “strength, power”) and Burmese အန် (an, “strength, power”), which derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-baŋ (“strength, power”). However, reconstructing the Old Chinese as *waŋ, he notes the mismatch between Old Chinese *w- vs. Tibetan *b- (unless *dw- can become db-; for possible *b- ~ * w- variation, see 花). He also compares it to Proto-Northern Naga *waŋ (“chief”).
* Schuessler (2007) alternatively proposes a connection to Old Khmer vāṅ, vaṅ (modern Khmer វាំង (veăng), “royal palace”), which he considers to be cognate with Khmer ហ្លួង (luŏng, “king”). This is perhaps supported by a bronze inscription where 王 refers to a place, not the Zhou king (Shaughnessy, 1991). The semantic shift from "palace" to "king" parallels Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“pharaoh”, literally “palace”), from pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”). The connection to the Old Khmer word would thus relate it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *waŋ ~ *waaŋ (“enclosure; to go round”), which is part of a larger Austroasiatic word family, including 營 (OC *ɢʷeŋ) and 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn). Bodman (1980) connects 王 with 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “sovereign”), which Schuessler (2007) connects to this word family.
* Speculations exist about its connection to 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “lame, crippled”) and 狂 (OC *ɡʷaŋ, “mad”), based on theories about the connection between ancient Chinese kingship and shamanism (Keightley, 1995).


bullet

en-noun

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

Nakamura is a different animal at 15-minute rapid and five-minute blitz and even more so at one-minute bullet, and in this match he adopted a psychological approach which paid off brilliantly.

2020 August 21, Leonard Barden, “Chess: Carlsen fights back from brink to overcome Nakamura in 38-game epic”, in The Guardian:

Carlsen also has been engaging in online marathons of "bullet chess," exactly the kind of attention-disrupting, energy-draining stunt contenders are supposed to avoid. In a bullet game, each player has only one minute for all the moves. The pace is so rapid the games are hard to watch, much less play.

2021 November 24, Tyler Cowen, “Chess Is an Esport Now. Get Used to It.”, in The Washington Post:

Even today, when they're home, the siblings indulge in a friendly game or two. "We love playing bullet games. It's a format where we make really quick moves," he says, pausing to add, "Think of it like a super over in cricket."

2022 July 27, Srinivasa Ramanujam, “'Feels like a festival': Praggnanandhaa on Chess Olympiad and meeting Rajinikanth”, in The Hindu:

(chess, uncountable) Short for bullet chess.


passage

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).

(dice games, historical) A gambling game for two players using three dice, in which the object is to throw a double over ten.


番

→ Japanese: 飜(ハン) (han)

→ Vietnamese: phen

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban): phonetic 釆 (biàn) + semantic 田 – "animal's footprint in the field"; Xu Shen interprets both components as the pictogram of an animal footprint. Original form of 蹯 (fán).
According to Tadashi Takada (高田忠周), it's the pictogram of some seeds on the palm of an open hand, which conveys the concept of "spreading". Original form of 播.
Neither Xu Shen nor Tadashi Takada interprets the bottom component as the pictogram of a field.
; “to do in turns; turn; time”
; “anime series”

生番

non-Sinicized ethnic minority, barbarian


盤

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *baːn): phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 皿.

Han compound

win by opponent's resignation (literally, "mid-game win")

中盤勝

中盘胜


相

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.
An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).


眼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Derived from Etymology 2 (Sagart, 1999). Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


MP

en-noun

MP (countable and uncountable, plural MPs)

(fantasy, roleplaying games, board games, video games) mana points or magic points


碰

→ English: pung, pong

→ Japanese: 碰(ポン) (pon)

→ Tagalog: pong

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並.
Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).


碰

Borrowed from Mandarin 碰 (pèng).
Compare Cantonese 碰 (pung³), Hokkien 碰 (phòng).

(mahjong) a call for a 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) from a discarded tile, compare English pung

双碰

two-side wait pattern, winning tile may form a triplet with one or the other pair


竜

ja-noun

竜(りゅう) • (ryū)

(shogi, colloquial) Short for 竜王 (ryūō): dragon king; a promoted 角行 (kakugyō, “bishop”) that has the moves of both kakugyō and 王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō)


索

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.
糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.
From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


ha

hëngra (aorist)
ngrënë (participle)
ngrënë (participle)
duke ngrënë (gerund)
për të ngrënë (infinitive)
ha (first-person indicative present singular)
ha (indicative present second-person singular)
ha (indicative present singular third-person)
hamë (first-person indicative plural present)
hani (indicative plural present second-person)
hanë (indicative plural present third-person)
haja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
haje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
hante (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
hanim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
hanit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
hanin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
hëngra (aorist first-person indicative singular)
hëngre (aorist indicative second-person singular)
hëngri (aorist indicative singular third-person)
hëngrëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
hëngrët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
hëngrën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam ngrënë (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke ngrënë (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka ngrënë (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi ngrënë (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni ngrënë (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë ngrënë (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha ngrënë (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe ngrënë (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte ngrënë (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim ngrënë (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit ngrënë (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin ngrënë (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata ngrënë (first-person indicative singular)
pate ngrënë (indicative second-person singular)
pati ngrënë (indicative singular third-person)
patëm ngrënë (first-person indicative plural)
patët ngrënë (indicative plural second-person)
patën ngrënë (indicative plural third-person)
do të ha (first-person future indicative singular)
do të hash (future indicative second-person singular)
do të haje (future indicative singular third-person)
do të hamë (first-person future indicative plural)
do të hani (future indicative plural second-person)
do të hanë (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem ngrënë (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh ngrënë (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë ngrënë (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi ngrënë (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni ngrënë (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë ngrënë (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të ha (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të hash (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të haje (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të hamë (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të hani (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të hanë (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të haja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të haje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të hante (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të hanim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të hanit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të hanin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem ngrënë (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh ngrënë (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë ngrënë (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi ngrënë (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni ngrënë (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë ngrënë (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha ngrënë (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe ngrënë (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte ngrënë (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim ngrënë (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit ngrënë (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin ngrënë (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të haja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të haje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të hante (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të hanim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të hanit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të hanin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha ngrënë (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe ngrënë (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte ngrënë (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim ngrënë (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit ngrënë (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin ngrënë (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
ngrënça (first-person optative present singular)
ngrënç (optative present second-person singular)
ngrëntë (optative present singular third-person)
ngrënçim (first-person optative plural present)
ngrënçit (optative plural present second-person)
ngrënçin (optative plural present third-person)
paça ngrënë (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç ngrënë (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë ngrënë (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim ngrënë (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit ngrënë (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin ngrënë (optative perfect plural third-person)
ngrënkam (admirative first-person present singular)
ngrënke (admirative present second-person singular)
ngrënka (admirative present singular third-person)
ngrënkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
ngrënkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
ngrënkan (admirative plural present third-person)
ngrënkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
ngrënkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
ngrënkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
ngrënkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
ngrënkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
ngrënkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam ngrënë (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske ngrënë (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska ngrënë (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi ngrënë (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni ngrënë (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan ngrënë (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha ngrënë (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe ngrënë (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh ngrënë (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim ngrënë (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit ngrënë (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin ngrënë (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
ha (imperative present second-person singular)
hani (imperative plural present second-person)

From Proto-Albanian *eda, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”), with the preservation of the laryngeal. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (compare Ashkun au (“bread”), Sanskrit अवय (avaya, “to eat”).


kick

en-verb

kick (third-person singular simple present kicks, present participle kicking, simple past and past participle kicked)

kicks (present singular third-person)
kicking (participle present)
kicked (participle past)
kicked (past)
kick (infinitive)

→ German: kicken

→ Welsh: cicio

From Middle English kyken (“to strike out with the foot”), from Old Norse kikna (“to sink at the knees”) and keikja (“to bend backwards”) (compare Old Norse keikr (“bent backwards, the belly jutting forward”)), from Proto-Germanic *kaikaz (“bent backwards”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *kī-, *kij- (“to split, dodge, swerve sidewards”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH- (“to sprout, shoot”). Compare also Dutch kijken (“to look”), Middle Low German kīken (“to look, watch”). See keek.

штовхну́ти

ного́ю; нога́ми

(chess, transitive) To attack (a piece) in order to force it to move.


聽

Originally 𦔻, hence ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare the top component of 聖.
Later, rewritten as phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs): phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁 on the right.
The simplified version, 𠯸 (later stylized as 听), is totally unrelated to the original character and it originally means "smiling".
This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982).
Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007).
Derivatives:
* 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”)
* 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”).

och-l

听
聴
聼
𦗟
𦔻
𠯸
𦔽
𦕢
𦕘
𦖆
𦘏
𪢧
听
听
𪢧

(mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win


臺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (臺):
* → Japanese: 台(だい) (dai)
* → Korean: 대(臺) (dae)
* → Vietnamese: đài (臺)

Bamboo_and_wooden_slips
Chu_(state)
Han dynasty
Jin (Chinese state)
Oracle bone inscriptions
Qin
Shuowen Jiezi
Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室.
Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声). The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
: Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀.
: Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Jin slips:
:* Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script.
:* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室
:* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.


quatre

Borrowed from French quatre. Doublet of cuatro and four.

Accordingly the firſt beſt throw upon the dice is eſteemed aces, as it ſtops the ſix point in the outer table, and ſecures the cinque in your own, whereby your adverſary's two men upon your ace point cannot get out with either quatre, cinq, or ſix.

1775, “a Connoisseur”, “Containing an Account of the Game of Back-gammon, with the most approved Method of playing at it, and the Rules of the Game. Together with the Artifices and Legerdemains that are frequently practised at it.”, in Annals of Gaming; or, The Fair Player’s Sure Guide. Containing Original Treatises on the following Games. […], London: […] G. Allen, […], pages 181–182:

The firſt beſt Throw upon the Dice is eſteemed Aces, as it ſtops the Six-Point in the outer Table, and ſecures the Cinque in your own, whereby your Adverſary’s two Men upon your Ace-Point cannot get out with either Quatre, Cinque, or Six.

1775, “Introduction to the Game of Back-Gammon; With the most approved Method of playing at it”, in Charles Jones, editor, Hoyle’s Games Improved. Being Practical Treatises on the following Fashionable Games, […], London: […] J. Rivington and J. Wilkie, […], page 170:

(archaic, dice games, card games, dominoes) A card, die, or domino with four spots or pips.


cinque

→ Japanese: シンク (shinku)

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English cink, from Middle French cinq, from Latin cīnque, variant of quīnque. The archaic spelling cinq is taken from modern French cinq, whereas the standard spelling is perhaps influenced by Italian cinque or a misspelling of the French. The variant pronunciation /sæŋk/ is based on Modern French. Doublet of five, pimp (“five”), ponzu, punch (“beverage”), and sengi (“currency”); related to Pompeii.

doublet

(dice games, card games, dominoes) A card, die, or domino with five spots or pips.


FM

en-noun

FM (countable and uncountable, plural FMs)

(countable, chess) Initialism of FIDE Master.


dame

60th British Academy Film Awards
Judi Dench
Order of the British Empire

From Middle English dame, dam (“noble lady”), from Old French dame (“lady; term of address for a woman; the queen in card games and chess”), from Latin domina (“mistress of the house”), feminine form of dominus (“lord, master, ruler; owner of a residence”), or from Latin domus (“home, house”). Doublet of domina and donna.


dame

head

dame (plural dames, diminutive dametjie)

From Dutch dame, from Middle Dutch dame, from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.


dame

nl-noun

dame f (plural dames, diminutive dametje n)

dames (plural)
dametje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: dame

From Middle Dutch dame, from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.


dame

→ Catalan: dama

→ Danish: dame

→ Friulian: dame

→ Galician: dama

→ German: Dame

→ Persian: دام (dâm)

desctree

→ Italian: dama
→ Ottoman Turkish: دامه (dama)
Turkish: dama
→ Armenian: տամա (tama)

→ Polish: dama

→ Portuguese: dama

→ Romanian: damă

→ Spanish: dama

Inherited from Old French dame, from Late Latin domna, shortened variant of Latin domina.

(in the plural) draughts (UK), checkers (US)


tank

→ Afrikaans: tenk

→ Albanian: tank

→ Gulf Arabic: تانْكي (tānki)

→ Armenian: տանկ (tank)

→ Assamese: টেংকি (teṅki)

→ Asturian: tanque

→ Azerbaijani: tank

→ Bashkir: танк (tank)

→ Belarusian: танк (tank)

→ Bengali: ট্যাংক (ṭêṅko)

→ Burmese: တင့်ကား (tang.ka:)

→ Buryat: танк (tank)

→ Catalan: tanc

→ Chechen: танк (tank)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 坦克 (tǎnkè)

→ Chuvash: танк (tank)

→ Czech: tank

→ Danish: tank

→ Dutch: tank

→ Dzongkha: ཏེངཀ (tengk)

→ Eastern Mari: танк (tank)

→ Estonian: tank

→ Fiji Hindi: tanki

→ Finnish: tankki

→ French: tank

→ Galician: tanque

→ Georgian: ტანკი (ṭanḳi)

→ German: Tank

→ Greek: τανκ (tank)

→ Greenlandic: tanki

→ Hebrew: טנק (tank)

→ Hindi: टंकी (ṭaṅkī)
→ Burmese: တိုင်ကီ (tuingki)

→ Hungarian: tank

→ Indonesian: tank

→ Italian: tank, tanca

→ Japanese: タンク (tanku)

→ Kazakh: танк (tank)

→ Korean: 탱크 (taengkeu)

→ Kumyk: танк (tank)

→ Kyrgyz: танк (tank)

→ Lao: ຖັງ (thang)

→ Latvian: tanks

→ Lezgi: танк (tank)

→ Lithuanian: tankas

→ Macedonian: тенк (tenk)

→ Malay: tank

→ Maori: taika

→ Norwegian: tank, tanks

→ Ossetian: танк (tank)

→ Persian: تانک (tânk)

desc

→ Portuguese: tanque (“armored vehicle”)

→ Quechua: tanki

→ Romanian: tanc

→ Romansch: tanc

desctree

→ Russian: танк (tank), танкъ (tank) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: տանկ (tank)
→ Kazakh: танк (tank)
→ Mongolian: танк (tank)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: танк (tank)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тенк

Latin script: tenk

→ Sidamo: tanke

→ Slovak: tank

→ Slovene: tank

→ Swahili: tangi

→ Tajik: танк (tank), тонк (tonk)

→ Tamil: தாங்கி (tāṅki)

→ Tatar: танк (tank)

→ Thai: ถัง (tǎng)

→ Tokelauan: tane

→ Turkish: tank

→ Turkmen: tank

→ Ukrainian: танк (tank)

→ Upper Sorbian: tank

→ Urdu: ٹینک (ṭaink)

→ Uyghur: تانكا (tanka)

→ Uzbek: tank

→ Vietnamese: xe tăng, tăng

→ Walloon: tank

→ Welsh: tanc

→ Yakut: тааҥка (taañka)

→ Yiddish: טאַנק (tank)

From Portuguese tanque (“tank, liquid container”), from an Indo-Aryan language such as Gujarati ટાંકી (ṭā̃kī, “cistern”) or Marathi टांकी (ṭāṅkī). Compare the Arabic verb اِسْتَنْقَعَ (istanqaʕa, “to become stagnant, to stagnate”).
In the sense of armoured vehicle, first attested in 1915, prototypes were described as tanks for carrying water to disguise their nature as well as due to physical resemblance.

der

The paladin can make for a decent tank, but I recommend that you get a class with better taunting skills.

(roleplaying games, board games, video games) A unit or character designed primarily around damage absorption and holding the attention of the enemy (as opposed to dealing damage, healing, or other tasks).


褌

→ English: fundoshi

[ɸɯ̟̃ndo̞ɕi]

越中褌

越中褌 えっちゅうふんどし

西洋褌

西洋褌 せいようふんどし

六尺褌

六尺褌 ろくしゃくふんどし

湯文字: a kind of loincloth wrap used while bathing

a similar wrap worn historically by women under a kimono


親

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əya. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.
First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

the child doesn't know the parent's heart

親の心子知らず: → the child doesn't know the pain they cause their parents

a parent's bright light is seven bright lights

親の光は七光: → a parent's social standing can be a huge influence on a person as they come into adulthood

(hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker


誅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *to): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand


natural

en-adj

natural (comparative more natural, superlative most natural)

more natural (comparative)
most natural (superlative)

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

From Middle English natural, borrowed from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb). Displaced native Old English ġecynde. By surface analysis, nature + -al.

luonnollinen

that exists and evolved within the confines of an ecosystem

luonnollinen

having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position

(dice games) Pertaining to a dice roll before bonuses or penalties have been applied to the result.


casa

From Old Galician-Portuguese casa, from Latin casa.

(board games) a cell which may be occupied by a piece (such as a square in a chessboard)


casa

it-noun

casa f (plural case, diminutive casìna or casétta or casettìna, augmentative casóna or casóne m, pejorative casàccia, endearing-derogatory casùccia)

case (plural)
casìna (diminutive)
casétta (diminutive)
casettìna (diminutive)
casóna (augmentative)
casóne (augmentative masculine)
casàccia (pejorative)


casa

Guinea-Bissau Creole: kasa, kaza

Indo-Portuguese: casa

Kabuverdianu: kasa

Karipúna Creole French: kaz

Korlai Creole Portuguese: kadz

Kristang: kaza

Macanese: casa

Papiamentu: ka (partly)

From Old Galician-Portuguese casa, from Latin casa (“cottage”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net; hut, shed”).

inh

casa onde não há pão, todos ralham e ninguém tem razão

O peão está uma casa à direita do cavalo.

The pawn is one square to the right of the knight.


bishop

Tok Pisin: bisop

→ Hawaiian: pīhopa

→ Japanese: ビショップ

→ Kannada: ಬಿಷಪ್ (biṣap)

→ Korean: 비숍 (bisyop)

→ Maori: pīhopa

→ Thai: บิชอป (bì-chɔ́p)

From Middle English bischop, bishop, bisshop, biscop, from Old English bisċop (“bishop”), from Proto-West Germanic *biskop, from Vulgar Latin (e)biscopus, from classical Latin episcopus (“overseer, supervisor”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; compare bisp.

аҷҟәандар

church official, supervisor of priests and congregations

titular bishop

as over a diocese without a congregation

The Bishoppes some name Alphins, some fooles, and some name them Princes; other some call them Archers.

1562, Rowbotham in Archaeologia, XXIV. 203

A Bishop or Archer, who is commonly figured with his head cloven.

1656, Gioachino Greco, “The royall game of chesse-play, being the study of Biochimo”, in Francis Beale, transl., (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(chess) The chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.


rook

Inherited from Middle English rook, rooke, roke, rok, from Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”). Compare roc.

sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete

ruck (most accents without the foot-strut split)

(chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling.


άλογο

álogo (romanization)
άλογα (plural)
alogína (romanization)
alóga (romanization)
άλογο (nominative singular)
άλογα (nominative plural)
αλόγου (genitive singular)
αλόγων (genitive plural)
άλογο (accusative singular)
άλογα (accusative plural)
άλογο (singular vocative)
άλογα (plural vocative)

For the animal, inherited from Koine Greek ἄλογον (álogon, “horse, cavalry”), neuter form of Ancient Greek ἄλογος (álogos, “unreasoning, speechless”, adjective).
For the unit of power, a semantic loan from Greek ίππος (íppos), from ancient Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos, “horse”).

inh

ίππος ίππος#Greek

(chess) knight, a colloquial alternative of ίππος (íppos)


都

→ English: Meaco (“Kyōto”)

→ Latin: Meacum (“Kyōto”)

⟨mi₁yako₁⟩ → */mʲijakʷo/ → /mijako/
From Old Japanese, a compound of 宮(みや) (miya, “imperial palace”) + 処(こ) (ko, “place”).

ja-com

(shogi, colloquial) Short for 都詰め (miyakozume): moving the 王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō, “king”) to the center of the board with other pieces close together


金

/kimʉ/ → /kiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim). Compare modern Mandarin 金 (jīn), Hokkien 金 (kim).

(shogi) Short for 金将 (kinshō): a gold general


dam

From Middle English dam, from Old English *damm, from Proto-West Germanic *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

(dentistry) A device to prevent a tooth from getting wet during dental work, consisting of a rubber sheet held with a band.


dam

desc

→ Indonesian: dam (“draught/checker(s)”)

Borrowed from Middle French dame, from Spanish dama.

(checkers) king (double draught/checker)


dam

dam (indefinite nominative singular)
dams (genitive indefinite singular)
damen (definite nominative singular)
damens (definite genitive singular)
damer (indefinite nominative plural)
damers (genitive indefinite plural)
damerna (definite nominative plural)
damernas (definite genitive plural)

ruter dam


銀

Hokkien language
Middle Chinese language

From Middle Chinese 銀 (MC ngin). Compare modern Hokkien reading gîn.

(shogi) Short for 銀将 (ginshō): a silver general


Scandinavian

Scandinavian Defence
Scandinavian Defence


飛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (飛):
* → Japanese: 飛(ひ) (hi)
* → Korean: 비(飛) (bi)
* → Vietnamese: phi (飛)

Characters in the same phonetic series (飛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): a bird flying upwards.
In its modern form, resembles a tasseled 升 (shēng).
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bjar ~ *p(i/u)r (“to fly”) → Tibetan འཕུར ('phur), Burmese ပျံ (pyam, “to fly”).
* Proto-Mon-Khmer *par (“to fly”) → Old Mon ပဝ် (pɔ); Proto-Vietic *pər (“to fly”), whereas Vietnamese bay.
Cognate with Old Chinese 翂 (*pɯn, “appearance of birds flying slowly”) and Old Chinese 奮 (*pɯns, “spread wings and fly”).
; “fare”
; “femto-”

cog

飞
𠃧
𮨶
𩙱
𦐭
𦒮
飝

(mahjong) Classifier for number of possible winning tiles.


飛

(shogi) Abbreviation of 飛車 (hisha): a flying chariot piece, with movement corresponding to the rook in Western chess


飜

ロン。20符4飜なので、5200です。


食

Pictogram (象形): a mouth (亼) over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 亼+艮, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is the pictogram 皀 and is similar but unrelated 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ): phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak.

Han compound

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

When playing blind chess, a rook can capture knights, cannons, advisors, bishops or pawns.

waan⁴⁻² maang⁴ kei⁴⁻² ge³ si⁴ hau⁶, geoi¹ ho² ji⁵ sik⁶ maa⁵, paau³, si⁶, zoeng⁶, zeot¹.

玩盲棋嘅時候，車可以食馬、炮、士、象、卒。

玩盲棋嘅时候，车可以食马、炮、士、象、卒。

(Cantonese, Hakka, board games) to capture

(Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 食糊 (“to win”).


食

→ Indonesian: ciak

→ Thai: เจี๊ยะ (jía)

Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *tsiaʔ⁸ and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Min *dziak (in Norman's system).
While often considered as the vernacular counterpart to etymology 1, it is unlikely to be related to etymology 1 (Norman, 1991; Klöter, 2005; Fuehrer and Yang, 2014). Schuessler (2007) suggests it derives from 嚼 (“to chew”) (probably based on Norman's unpublished manuscripts).

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Leizhou Min, board games) to capture


駒

Compound of 子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(ま) (ma, “horse”).
See also 子馬(こうま) (kouma).

2013, Habu Yoshiharu: Shōgi-shi o nuri-kaeta otoko [Yoshiharu Habu: The man who changed the face of shogi history], page 88:

A pawn can take a piece that is one step away diagonally.

ポーンは一歩斜めにある駒を取ることができます。

Pōn wa ippo naname ni aru koma o toru koto ga dekimasu.


鬆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ): semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ).


hook

sometimes in Northern England and Ireland, otherwise obsolete

From Middle English hoke, from Old English hōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, variant of *hakô (“hook”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian heak, Dutch haak (“hook”)) (compare West Frisian/Dutch hoek (“hook, angle, corner”), Low German Hook, Huuk); also related to hake.

Setup plays can also be made when you do not have the needed letter but believe your opponent doesn't know the hook owing to its obscurity.

2003, Andrew Fisher, David Webb, The Art of Scrabble, →ISBN, page 58:

(Scrabble) An instance of playing a word perpendicular to a word already on the board, adding a letter to the start or the end of the word to form a new word.


hook

en-verb

hook (third-person singular simple present hooks, present participle hooking, simple past and past participle hooked)

hooks (present singular third-person)
hooking (participle present)
hooked (participle past)
hooked (past)

(Scrabble) To play a word perpendicular to another word by adding a single letter to the existing word.


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

afsplitsing

computer science: splitting of a process

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

(chess) The simultaneous attack of two adversary pieces with one single attacking piece (especially a knight).


dice

en-verb

dice (third-person singular simple present dices, present participle dicing, simple past and past participle diced)

dices (present singular third-person)
dicing (participle present)
diced (participle past)
diced (past)

From Middle English dys, plural of dy. See the etymology of die (etymology 2) for further information. The voiceless /s/ was most likely retained because the word felt like a collective term rather than a plural form (compare pence), and the spelling dice is a result of the pronunciation.

(transitive) To ornament with squares, diamonds, or cubes.


mini

You can add to the realism by painting your minis accurately.

(roleplaying games, board games) Abbreviation of miniature (“small figurine of a character”).


Derives from overset Io, an abbreviation of either interiectiō (“interjection”) or the interjection iō (“hey!”), placed at the end of an exclamation to mark it as such. It expresses admiratio (“awe, wonderment”) in the clause.

(Fb4! 10.c3 suivi de De7 eut été plus précis)

1983, Claude Santoy, Échecs et maths (in French), Marabout,, →ISBN, page 134:

(Bb4! 10.c3 followed by Qe7 would have been more efficient)


mate

From Middle English verb maten, from Middle French mater, from Old French noun mat (“checkmate”), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât).


mate

mate (third-person singular simple present mates, present participle mating, simple past and past participle mated)

mates (present singular third-person)
mating (participle present)
mated (participle past)
mated (past)


mate

(chess) to checkmate; to put the king of an opponent into checkmate


mate

From xaque mate (“checkmate”), from Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât, “the king [is] dead”).

der

Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta)


mate

From jaque mate (“checkmate”), from Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât, “the king [is] dead”).

Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta)


mate

Borrowed from Spanish mate, from jaque mate (“checkmate”), from Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât, “the king [is] dead”).

Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta)


bitch

en-noun

bitch (countable and uncountable, plural bitches)

→ Dutch: bitch

→? German: Betze, Bätze, Petze

→ French: bitch

From Middle English biche, bicche, from Old English biċċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā, from Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (compare Norwegian bikkje (“dog”), Old Danish bikke), from *bikjaną (“to thrust, attack”) (compare Old Norse bikkja (“plunge into water”), Dutch bikken (“to hack”)). More at bicker.

(chess, slang, vulgar, offensive) A queen.


bar

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(backgammon) The central divider between the inner and outer table of a backgammon board, where stones are placed if they are hit.


pat

pat (nominative singular)
paty (nominative plural)
patu (genitive singular)
patů (genitive plural)
patu (dative singular)
patům (dative plural)
pat (accusative singular)
paty (accusative plural)
pate (singular vocative)
paty (plural vocative)
patu (locative singular)
patech (locative plural)
patem (instrumental singular)
paty (instrumental plural)

Via German Patt and French pat, from Italian patta.


pat

Borrowed from French pat, from Italian patta.


pat

→ German: Patt

→ Greek: πατ (pat)

→ Polish: pat

→ Serbo-Croatian: pat

→ Slovak: pat

Borrowed from Italian patta (“tie, draw”), influenced by mat (“mate”).


pat

pacik (diminutive)
pat (nominative singular)
paty (nominative plural)
pata (genitive singular)
patów (genitive plural)
patowi (dative singular)
patom (dative plural)
pata (accusative singular)
paty (accusative plural)
patem (instrumental singular)
patami (instrumental plural)
pacie (locative singular)
patach (locative plural)
pacie (singular vocative)
paty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French pat, from Italian patta, probably from Latin pacta, plural of pactum.


pat

пат (Cyrillic)
pat (nominative singular)
patovi (nominative plural)
pata (genitive singular)
patova (genitive plural)
patu (dative singular)
patovima (dative plural)
pat (accusative singular)
patovi (accusative plural)
pat (singular vocative)
patovi (plural vocative)
patu (locative singular)
patovima (locative plural)
patom (instrumental singular)
patovima (instrumental plural)


pat

sk-noun

pat m inan (genitive singular patu, nominative plural paty, genitive plural patov, declension pattern of dub)

patu (genitive singular)
paty (nominative plural)
patov (genitive plural)
dub (declension-pattern-of)
nominative
pat (singular)
paty (plural)
genitive
patu (singular)
patov (plural)
dative
patom (plural)
accusative
locative
pate (singular)
patoch (plural)
instrumental
patom (singular)
patmi (plural)


tap

en-verb

tap (third-person singular simple present taps, present participle tapping, simple past and past participle tapped)

taps (present singular third-person)
tapping (participle present)
tapped (participle past)
tapped (past)
tap (infinitive)

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

точа

to draw off (a liquid) from a container or other source; to draw off a liquid from (a container or other source)

(board games, card games) To turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round.


pole

pl-noun

pole n (diminutive pólko or poletko, related adjective polny)

pólko (diminutive)
poletko (diminutive)
polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
pól (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polom (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pole. Doublet of polje.

(Middle Polish, chess) field (area on a chessboard)


turn

turnuri (plural)
turn (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
turnul (accusative definite nominative singular)
turnuri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
turnurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
turn (indefinite singular)
turnului (definite singular)
turnuri (indefinite singular)
turnurilor (definite plural)
turnule (singular vocative)
turnurilor (vocative)

Borrowed from German Turm, from Latin turrem, accusative form of turris.


check

From Middle English chek, chekke, borrowed from Old French eschek, eschec, eschac, from Medieval Latin scaccus, borrowed from Arabic شَاه (šāh, “king or check at chess, shah”), borrowed from Classical Persian شَاه (šāh, “king”), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”). All of the English senses developed from the chess sense. Compare Saterland Frisian Schak, Schach, Dutch schaak, German Schach, Danish skak, Swedish schack, Icelandic skák, French échec, Italian scacco. See chess and shah (“king of Persia or Iran”), from the same source.

der

(chess) A situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece.

كِشّ مَلِك

chess: when the king is directly threatened by an enemy piece


check

en-verb

check (third-person singular simple present checks, present participle checking, simple past and past participle checked)

checks (present singular third-person)
checking (participle present)
checked (participle past)
checked (past)

→ Brazilian Portuguese: checar

→ Cantonese: check

→ Finnish: tsekata

→ German: checken

→ Gulf Arabic: چيك (čayyak)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شَيَّك (šayyak)

→ Hungarian: csekkol

→ Russian: че́кать (čékatʹ)

→ Russian: че́кнуть (čéknutʹ)

→ Russian: проче́кать (pročékatʹ)

→ Spanish: chequear, checar (Mexico)

From Middle English chekken, partly from Old French eschequier and partly from the noun (see above).

check yourself before you wreck yourself

After I checked my opponent with a pawn, he resigned immediately.

(chess, transitive) To make a move which puts an adversary's king in check; to put in check.

كَشَّ

chess: to make a move which puts an adversary's king in check


flag

flag (third-person singular simple present flags, present participle flagging, simple past and past participle flagged)

flags (present singular third-person)
flagging (participle present)
flagged (participle past)
flagged (past)

From Middle English flag, flagge (“flag”), further etymology uncertain. Perhaps from or related to early Middle English flage (name for a baby's garment) and Old English flagg, flacg (“cataplasm, poultice, plaster”). Or, perhaps ultimately imitative, or otherwise drawn from Proto-Germanic *flaką (“something flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”), referring to the shape.
Germanic cognates include Saterland Frisian Flaage (“flag”), West Frisian flagge (“flag”), Dutch vlag (“flag”), German Flagge (“flag”), Swedish flagga (“flag”), Danish flag (“flag, ship's flag”). Compare also Middle English flacken (“to flutter, palpitate”), Swedish dialectal flage (“to flutter in the wind”), Old Norse flögra (“to flap about”). Akin to Old High German flogarōn (“to flutter”), Old High German flogezen (“to flutter, flicker”), Middle English flakeren (“to move quickly to and fro”), Old English flacor (“fluttering, flying”). More at flack, flacker.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

Mark Dvoretsky (2014) For Friends & Colleagues, volume 1, →ISBN: “Indeed, I usually spent an hour to an hour and a half on my game, never found myself in time pressure, never once flagged in my entire life, except in blitz games, of course.”

(chess, intransitive) To lose on time, especially in a blitz game; when using a traditional analog chess clock, a flag would fall when time expired.

White was winning positionally, but Black managed to flag him and win.

(chess, transitive) To defeat (an opponent) on time, especially in a blitz game.


double

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English double, from Old French doble, double, from Latin duplus (“twofold”). Doublet of doppio and duple.

(dominoes) A tile that has the same value (i.e., the same number of pips) on both sides.


flèche

Borrowed from French flèche. Compare fletch.

(backgammon) Any of the twenty-four points on a backgammon board.


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetan: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi, rex, rei, rai, roy
Middle French: roy
French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx


luft

From German Luft (“air”). Doublet of lift and loft.

(chess) A piece moved in front of a king to prevent a back-rank mate.


table

→ Assamese: টেবুল (tebul)

→ Bengali: টেবিল (ṭebil)

→ Gujarati: ટેબલ (ṭebal)

→ Japanese: テーブル (tēburu)

→ Korean: 테이블 (teibeul)

→ Maori: tēpu

→ Nepali: टेबुल (ṭebul)

→ Odia: ଟେବଲ୍ (ṭebal)

→ Sylheti: ꠐꠦꠛꠥꠟ (ṭebul)

→ Telugu: టేబులు (ṭēbulu)

Inherited from Middle English table, tabel, tabil, tabul, from Old English tabele, tabul, tablu, tabule, tabula (“board”); also as tæfl, tæfel, an early Germanic borrowing of Latin tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”). The sense of “piece of furniture” is from Old French table, of same Latin origin; Old English used bēod or bord instead for this meaning: see board. Doublet of tabula and tavla.

der

(countable) Furniture with a top surface to accommodate a variety of uses.

(backgammon) One half of a backgammon board, which is divided into the inner and outer table.


table

English: table (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: tyeble

Scots: table

→ Welsh: tabl

From a combination of Old French table and Old English tabele, tabul, tablu, tabule, tabula, both from Latin tabula.


table

table (accusative indefinite nominative)
tablele (accusative definite nominative)
table (indefinite)
tablelor (definite)
tablelor (vocative)


Venus

la-proper noun

Venus f (genitive Veneris); third declension

Veneris (genitive)
Venus (nominative singular)
Venerēs (nominative plural)
Veneris (genitive singular)
Venerum (genitive plural)
Venerī (dative singular)
Veneribus (dative plural)
Venerem (accusative singular)
Venerēs (accusative plural)
Venere (ablative singular)
Veneribus (ablative plural)
Venus (singular vocative)
Venerēs (plural vocative)

→ French: Vénus

→ Italian: Venere

→ Middle English: Venus
English: Venus

→ Portuguese: Vénus, Vênus (Brazil)

Sicilian: Vènniri

→ Spanish: Venus

From venus (“loveliness”), see there for more.

Talis enim iactatis, ut quisque canem aut senionem miserat, in singulos talos singulos denarios in medium conferebat, quos tollebat uniuersos, qui Venerem iecerat

121 C.E., Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum, volume Aug.71:

When the tali (an oblong dice) would be thrown, those who had gotten an ace or a six had to place a denarius in the middle of the table for each dice thrown, the one that would achieve in getting a Venus won it all.


top

az-noun

top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)

topu (accusative definite)
toplar (plural)
top (nominative singular)
toplar (nominative plural)
topu (accusative definite singular)
topları (accusative definite plural)
topa (dative singular)
toplara (dative plural)
topda (locative singular)
toplarda (locative plural)
topdan (ablative singular)
toplardan (ablative plural)
topun (definite genitive singular)
topların (definite genitive plural)
topum (first-person nominative possessive singular)
toplarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
topun (nominative possessive second-person singular)
topların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
topu (nominative possessive singular third-person)
topları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
topumuz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
toplarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
topunuz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
toplarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
topu (nominative plural possessive third-person)
topları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
topumu (accusative first-person possessive singular)
toplarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
topunu (accusative possessive second-person singular)
toplarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
topunu (accusative possessive singular third-person)
toplarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
topumuzu (accusative first-person plural possessive)
toplarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
topunuzu (accusative plural possessive second-person)
toplarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
topunu (accusative plural possessive third-person)
toplarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
topuma (dative first-person possessive singular)
toplarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
topuna (dative possessive second-person singular)
toplarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
topuna (dative possessive singular third-person)
toplarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
topumuza (dative first-person plural possessive)
toplarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
topunuza (dative plural possessive second-person)
toplarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
topuna (dative plural possessive third-person)
toplarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
topumda (first-person locative possessive singular)
toplarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
topunda (locative possessive second-person singular)
toplarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
topunda (locative possessive singular third-person)
toplarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
topumuzda (first-person locative plural possessive)
toplarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
topunuzda (locative plural possessive second-person)
toplarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
topunda (locative plural possessive third-person)
toplarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
topumdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
toplarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
topundan (ablative possessive second-person singular)
toplarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
topundan (ablative possessive singular third-person)
toplarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
topumuzdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
toplarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
topunuzdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
toplarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
topundan (ablative plural possessive third-person)
toplarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
topumun (first-person genitive possessive singular)
toplarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
topunun (genitive possessive second-person singular)
toplarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
topunun (genitive possessive singular third-person)
toplarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
topumuzun (first-person genitive plural possessive)
toplarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
topunuzun (genitive plural possessive second-person)
toplarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
topunun (genitive plural possessive third-person)
toplarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)


top

tȍp (canonical masculine)
то̏п (Cyrillic)
tȍp (nominative singular)
tòpovi (nominative plural)
tòpa (genitive singular)
tȍpōvā (genitive plural)
tòpōvā (genitive plural)
tòpu (dative singular)
tòpovima (dative plural)
tȍp (accusative singular)
tòpove (accusative plural)
tȍpe (singular vocative)
tòpovi (plural vocative)
tòpu (locative singular)
tòpovima (locative plural)
tòpom (instrumental singular)
tòpovima (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).


царица

цари́ца (canonical)
caríca (romanization)
цар (masculine)
цари́ца (indefinite singular)
цари́ци (indefinite plural)
цари́цата (definite singular)
цари́ците (definite plural)
цари́це (singular vocative)
цари́ци (plural vocative)

bg-ndecl

цари́ца<(v)>


trait

Inherited from Old French trait, from Latin tractus.

(chess, checkers) the privilege of taking the first turn/move


lady

⇒ Afrikaans: haar ladyskap

→ Arabic: لِيدِي (līdī)

Egyptian Arabic: ليدي (lēdī)

→ Belarusian: лэ́дзі (lédzi)

→ Bulgarian: ле́йди (léjdi)

→ French: lady

→ German: Lady

→ Greek: λαίδη (laídi), λέδη (lédi)

→ Italian: lady

→ Japanese: レディ (redi), レディー (redī)

→ Korean: 레이디 (reidi)

→ Latvian: lēdija

→ Macedonian: леди (ledi)

→ Polish: lady

→ Romanian: lady

→ Russian: ле́ди (lédi)

→ Spanish: lady

→ Swedish: lady

→ Tongan: leitī

→ Ukrainian: ле́ді (lédi)

→ Volapük: läd

From Middle English lady, laddy, lafdi, lavedi, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“mistress of a household, wife of a lord, lady”, literally “bread-kneader”), from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + dīġe (“kneader”), related to Old English dǣġe (“maker of dough”) (whence dey (“dairymaid”)). Compare also lord. More at loaf, dairy, dough. Unrelated to lad.


rad

rada (definite singular)
raden (definite singular)
rader (indefinite plural)
radene (definite plural)


rad

nominative
rad (singular)
rady (plural)
genitive
radu (singular)
radov (plural)
dative
radom (plural)
accusative
locative
rade (singular)
radoch (plural)
instrumental
radom (singular)
radmi (plural)


rad

rad (indefinite nominative singular)
rads (genitive indefinite singular)
raden (definite nominative singular)
radens (definite genitive singular)
rader (indefinite nominative plural)
raders (genitive indefinite plural)
raderna (definite nominative plural)
radernas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse rǫð, from Proto-Germanic *radō (“row”).


rapid

Borrowed from French rapide, from Latin rapidus.

In these rapid games we had just twenty-five minutes each to make all our moves, a far cry from traditional chess, where games can last up to seven hours.

2010, Garry Kasparov, How Life Imitates Chess, page 41:

In order to avoid misunderstanding, I must note that I object to the attempts to displace normal chess with fast play, not rapid or blitz in general. I love them both, and, if I were to choose which to play, classic or rapid, I would choose rapid.

2015, Mark Dvoretsky, For Friends and Colleagues, volume 2 (Reflections on My Profession):

I haven’t played against Wesley So—I’ve played him a bunch online in rapid games, but not in classical rounds.

2022 September 2, Nitish Pahwa, Magnus Carlsen (quoted), “The World’s Greatest Chess Player Cannot Wait to Battle His Young, Rising Rivals”, in Slate: