abietene

* abietic + -ene
* From Latin abies (“silver fir (tree)”).

(organic chemistry) A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine (Pinus sabiniana).


abietic

From Latin abies (“silver fir”) + -ic (“pertaining to”).

af

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to abietic acid or its derivatives

abietico

related to abietic acid or its derivatives


abietin

Strasburg turpentine
Strasburg turpentine

(organic chemistry) A resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.

abietina

a resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam


abietinic

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to abietin.


crude oil

en-noun

crude oil (usually uncountable, plural crude oils)

Further west, in Pembrokeshire, the Esso Petroleum Co. refinery at Milford Haven, opened last November, is designed to berth the world's largest tankers and to process, initially, 4,500,000 tons of crude oil a year.

1961 August, “New traffic flows in South Wales”, in Trains Illustrated, page 494:

Unrefined oil; as it is found underground, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons.


German

de-noun

German n (strong, genitive Germans, plural Germane)

Germans (genitive)
Germane (plural)
German (nominative singular)
Germane (definite nominative plural)
Germans (genitive singular)
Germane (definite genitive plural)
German (dative singular)
Germanen (dative definite plural)
German (accusative singular)
Germane (accusative definite plural)


AA

en-noun

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

All proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) are claimed to be levorotatory (L-configured). Nevertheless, dextrorotatory AAs (D-configured) are also found in nature (Gao et al., 2015; Ollivaux et al., 2014), for example, in the organic material of extraterrestrial comets (Cronin and Pizzarello, 1983), or, formed by slow racemization, in all dead biological material.

2011, Alexander Cartus, “D-Amino Acids and Cross-Linked Amino Acids in Food”, in Dieter Schrenk, Alexander Cartus, editors, Chemical Contaminants and Residues in Food, Woodhead Publishing, →ISBN, page 251:

(organic chemistry) Initialism of amino acid.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of aminoacyl.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of asymmetric aminohydroxylation.


acetate

Formed from the root of Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + -ate, from aceō (“I am sour”). By surface analysis, acet- + -ate.

acetic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution

[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]

(organic chemistry) Any ester or salt of acetic acid.


acetylene

acetylene (countable and uncountable, plural acetylenes)

Borrowed from French acétylène, coined by French chemist Marcellin Berthelot, from acetyl + -ene.

The acetylene gas lighting in the station offices and platforms at Kyle of Lochalsh recently has been replaced by electric lighting.

1951 April, “Notes and News: Improvements at Kyle of Lochalsh”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 281:

(organic chemistry, countable) Any organic compound having one or more carbon–carbon triple bonds; an alkyne.


benzoic

From benzene + -oic. Compare French benzoïque.

(organic chemistry) Derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives.

benzoic

derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives


benzoic

ca-adj

benzoic (feminine benzoica, masculine plural benzoics, feminine plural benzoiques)

benzoica (feminine)
benzoics (masculine plural)
benzoiques (feminine plural)

(organic chemistry) benzoic (derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives)


chain

From Middle English cheyne, chaine, from Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to braid, twist; hut, shed”). Doublet of catena.

der

a chain is only as strong as its weakest link

That chain of restaurants is expanding into our town.

A series of stores or businesses with the same brand name.

ցանց

We first find an approximation of the chain partition, i.e. a small but not minimum size set of chains which cover all elements of the poset.

2003, Jeremy P. Spinrad, Efficient Graph Representations, American Mathematical Society, page 108:

(mathematics, set theory, order theory) A totally ordered set, especially a totally ordered subset of a poset.


NT

(organic chemistry) Initialism of neurotensin.


AP

en-noun

AP (countable and uncountable, plural APs)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Initialism of acetylpyrroline.


PE

PE (countable and uncountable, plural PEs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyethylene.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyether.


AB

AB (countable and uncountable, plural ABs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of alkylbenzene.


OH

(organic chemistry) A hydroxyl, or alcohol, functional group.


benzole

(organic chemistry) Obsolete spelling of benzol.


benzol

(organic chemistry) An impure benzene (mixed with toluene etc), used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes.

(organic chemistry, obsolete) benzyl alcohol


benzoyl

The O–O bond in benzoyl peroxide and the C–N bonds in AIBN homolyze under thermal or photochemical conditions.

2007, Robert B. Grossman, The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formally derived from benzoic acid, C₆H₅CO-, by removal of the hydroxyl group.


benzyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical C₆H₅-CH₂- related to toluene and benzoic acid


benzyl

benzyl (nominative singular)
benzylu (genitive singular)
benzylowi (dative singular)
benzyl (accusative singular)
benzylem (instrumental singular)
benzylu (locative singular)
benzylu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French benzyle or English benzyl.


addition

addition (countable and uncountable, plural additions)

Sense of “what is added” dates from 14th century, from Middle English addicioun, addition, from Old French adition, from Latin additiōnem, accusative singular of additiō, from addō (“add, put”).

(organic chemistry) an organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one (the adduct).


ether

Afrikaans: eter

→ Indonesian: ètêr

→ Japanese: エーテル (ēteru)

From Middle Dutch ether, from Latin aethēr, from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr).

(organic chemistry) ether (organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups)


丙

→ Zhuang: bingj

Various theories:
* Pictogram (象形) – shoulders (Shuowen).
* Pictogram (象形) – the tail of a fish (Erya). See also 再.
* Pictogram (象形) - part of a chariot, as seen in the original form of 更.
* Pictogram (象形) – pedestal.
* Pictogram (象形) – small table.
* Original form of 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs).
Whatever its original sense may be, it has been lost and replaced by its early use as a heavenly stem. See also the original version of 更 (< 㪅).
Baxter and Sagart (2014) note the phonological relationship between 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) and 兩 (OC *p.raŋʔ, “a pair”); how these two are graphically related is noted in Baxter (1992). Smith (2011) suggests that these two words are not only phonologically similar but also etymologically related, with 丙, meaning "couplet" or "bivalve", referring to an asterism.

(organic chemistry) prop- (denoting the presence of three carbon atoms)


巰

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Blend of 氫 /氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”) + 硫 (liú, “sulfur”)


methane

en-noun

methane (countable and uncountable, plural methanes)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੀਥੇਨ (mīthen)

Shahmukhi script: میتھین (mīthen)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of very many derivatives of methane.


甙

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): abbreviated 代 (“substitute”) + 甘 (“sweet”).


糖

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (糖):
* → Japanese: 糖(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 당(糖) (dang)
* → Vietnamese: đường (糖)

→ Guiqiong: d’ɐŋ

→ Macanese: tôm-tôm

/tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

zh:临城镇 (临高县)
zh:琼山区

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'aːŋ): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).
Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).
Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ² ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

Han compound

多糖

葡萄糖

(organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate


糖

糖 (canonical)
tō (romanization)
tau (romanization)
たう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dang, “sugar”).


羥

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰreːn, *kʰreːŋ): semantic 羊 (“sheep, goat”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) ― a kind of sheep or goat.
For the sense “hydroxy” in organic chemistry, the glyph is a blend of 氫 (“hydrogen”) and 氧 (“oxygen”), using the phonetic components of both characters (巠 and 羊).
The pronunciation is a blend of 氫／氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”) and 氧 (yǎng, “oxygen”).

Han compound

(～基) (organic chemistry) hydroxy group; hydroxyl radical


羧

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

For the organic compound, Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 羊 (“oxgyen, from 氧”) + 夋 (“acid, from 酸”).
Blend of 氧 (yǎng, “oxygen”) + 酸 (suān, “acid”) and borrowed from English carboxyl.


胲

(organic chemistry) hydroxylamine (derivative)


苄

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艹 + phonetic 卞.
Borrowed from English benzyl.


苷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːm): semantic 艹 + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).
; “glycoside”


螺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *roːl): semantic 虫 + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl, “terrestrial snail”).

och-l

螺內酯

螺内酯


CFC

Potential replacements for the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) chemicals now extensively used as refrigerants, propellants, bubbles in plastic and cleaning fluids have already been identified.

1989 March 7, Malcolm W. Browne, “In Protecting the Atmosphere, Choices Are Costly and Complex”, in The New York Times:

Contrary to his assertion, however, virtually all relevant researchers say the link between CFCs and ozone depletion is based on unassailably solid scientific evidence.

1995, Ross Gelbspan, “The Heat Is On: The Warming of the World’s Climate Sparks a Blaze of Denial”, in Harper's Magazine, footnote 2:

(organic chemistry) Initialism of chlorofluorocarbon, a class of molecules containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon atoms.


CFC

(organic chemistry) Initialism of clorofluorocarbono.


PPV

en-noun

PPV (countable and uncountable, plural PPVs)

polyphenylene vinylene
polyphenylene vinylene#English

(polymer) Initialism of polyphenylene vinylene.

positive pressure ventilation
positive pressure ventilation#English

(medicine, firefighting) Abbreviation of positive pressure ventilation.

(countable, by extension) A positive pressure ventilation machine, a PPV device

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NPPV

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

NiPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


辛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (辛):
* → Japanese: 辛(しん) (shin)
* → Korean: 신(辛) (sin)
* → Vietnamese: tân (辛)

→ Zhuang: sin

Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.


酚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 分 (fēn).
Borrowed from English phenol.

Han compound

(organic chemistry) phenol (any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring)


酯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ). Modelled after 脂 (zhī, “lipid”) with a radical input from other oxygenated organic compounds such as 醇 (chún, “alcohol”) and 酸 (suān, “acid”), referring to ester linkages in lipids like glycerides.
From 脂 (zhī, “lipid”), referring to ester linkages in lipids like glycerides.

任何汽車生化柴油供應商明知而供應或分發任何酯含量高於或低於汽車生化柴油標籤上所顯示的酯含量百分率超過1%的汽車生化柴油，即屬犯罪，一經定罪，可處第5級罰款。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
任何汽车生化柴油供应商明知而供应或分发任何酯含量高于或低于汽车生化柴油标签上所显示的酯含量百分率超过1%的汽车生化柴油，即属犯罪，一经定罪，可处第5级罚款。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
jam⁶ ho⁴ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴ gung¹ jing³ soeng¹ ming⁴ zi¹ ji⁴ gung¹ jing³ waak⁶ fan¹ faat³ jam⁶ ho⁴ zi² ham⁴ loeng⁶ gou¹ jyu¹ waak⁶ dai¹ jyu¹ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴ biu¹ cim¹ soeng⁶ so² hin² si⁶ dik¹ zi² ham⁴ loeng⁶ baak³ fan⁶ leot⁶⁻² ciu¹ gwo³ 1% dik¹ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴, zik¹ suk⁶ faan⁶ zeoi⁶, jat¹ ging¹ ding⁶ zeoi⁶, ho² cyu² dai⁶ ng⁵ kap¹ fat⁶ fun². [Jyutping]

Section 12(1), Air Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap. 311L)

Any motor vehicle biodiesel supplier who knowingly supplies or distributes any motor vehicle biodiesel containing an ester content that is more than 1% higher or lower than the percentage of ester content as indicated on the motor vehicle biodiesel label commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 5.


酰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 先 (OC *sɯːn, *sɯːns).

(organic chemistry, Mainland China, Hong Kong) acyl


醚

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + 迷 (“confusion”), referring to the anesthetic properties of diethyl ether. 迷 also acts as the phonetic component.
From 迷 (mí, “confusion”), referring to the anesthetic properties of diethyl ether.


醯

(organic chemistry, dated, still used in Taiwan) acyl


AAA

en-noun

AAA (countable and uncountable, plural AAAs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of aromatic amino acid.


petroleum

petroleum (countable and uncountable, plural petroleums or petrolea)

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).

petroleum-based products

Coal and petroleum do not occur hap-hazard in nature, but the aggregate occurrence of each product in any region forms a definite, limited horizon, which, in its continuance, is independent of the bedding plane.

1940, William Plotts, Isogeotherm, Or Monist Theory of Stratified Mineral Occurrence and Origin, page 7:

A flammable liquid ranging in color from clear to very dark brown and black, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in deposits under the Earth's surface.


actinium

actiniumet (definite singular)
actinium (indefinite plural)
actiniuma (definite plural)
actiniumene (definite plural)

First part actin- from Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray, beam”), from Proto-Hellenic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷ-t-u-s ~ *n̥kʷ-t-éw-s, from *nókʷts (“night”), from *negʷ- (“bare, naked”). Last part from Latin -ium (forms names of chemical elements), from -ius (forms adjectives), from Old Latin -iōs, from Proto-Italic *-jos (forms comparative adverbs), from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs ~ *-is- (forms adjectives).

der

actinium får nitrogenet i luften til å lyse blått

actinium causes the nitrogen in the air to glow blue

(organic chemistry) actinium (a radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores)


PC

en-noun

PC (countable and uncountable, plural PCs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polycarbonate.


PG

PG (countable and uncountable, plural PGs)

propylene glycol
propylene glycol#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of propylene glycol.


Pr

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of propyl.


acetal

(organic chemistry) Any diether of a geminal diol, R₂C(OR')₂ (where R' is not H).


acetal

acetal (nominative singular)
acetale (nominative plural)
acetalu (genitive singular)
acetali (genitive plural)
acetalowi (dative singular)
acetalom (dative plural)
acetal (accusative singular)
acetale (accusative plural)
acetalem (instrumental singular)
acetalami (instrumental plural)
acetalu (locative singular)
acetalach (locative plural)
acetalu (singular vocative)
acetale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetal. First attested in 1836.

ref

chapter 3, in Pamiętnik Farmaceutyczny Krakowski, 1836, page 41


acetanilide

en-noun

acetanilide (countable and uncountable, plural acetanilides)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic


acetic

From French acétique, from Latin acētum (“vinegar”), from acēre (“to be sour”). By surface analysis, acet- + -ic.

(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar.

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetic acid or its derivatives.


acetonic

en-adj

acetonic (comparative more acetonic, superlative most acetonic)

more acetonic (comparative)
most acetonic (superlative)

/ˈæsɛˌtɒnɪk/

(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing acetone


acetyl

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”).

(organic chemistry) The univalent radical CH₃CO- derived from acetic acid.


acetyl

acetylet (definite singular)
acetyl (indefinite plural)
acetyla (definite plural)
acetylene (definite plural)

Internationalism. By surface analysis, acet- + -yl.

(organic chemistry) acetyl (the univalent radical CH₃CO- derived from acetic acid)


acetyl

acetyl (nominative singular)
acetyle (nominative plural)
acetylu (genitive singular)
acetyli (genitive plural)
acetylowi (dative singular)
acetylom (dative plural)
acetyl (accusative singular)
acetyle (accusative plural)
acetylem (instrumental singular)
acetylami (instrumental plural)
acetylu (locative singular)
acetylach (locative plural)
acetylu (singular vocative)
acetyle (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetyl. Ultimately from Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”). First attested in 1840.

ref

Seweryn Zdzitowiecki (1840) Rys chemii organicznéj i jej zastosowań : podług dzieła Koehlera Die Chemie in technischer Beziehung, page 14

chlorek acetylu


acetyl

acetyl (indefinite nominative singular)
acetyls (genitive indefinite singular)
acetylen (definite nominative singular)
acetylens (definite genitive singular)
acetyler (indefinite nominative plural)
acetylers (genitive indefinite plural)
acetylerna (definite nominative plural)
acetylernas (definite genitive plural)


acétylène

→ English: acetylene


plastic

en-noun

plastic (countable and uncountable, plural plastics)

→ Japanese: プラスチック (purasuchikku)

→ Korean: 플라스틱 (peullaseutik)

→ Swahili: plastiki

From Latin plasticus (“of molding”), from Ancient Greek πλαστικός (plastikós), from πλάσσω (plássō, “to mold, form”). Doublet of plastique.

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field. Dr Mincer and Dr Amaral-Zettler found evidence of them on their marine plastic, too.

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

These endocrine disruptors are everywhere: plastics, shampoos, cosmetics, cushions, pesticides, canned foods and A.T.M. receipts. They often aren’t on labels and can be difficult to avoid.

2021 February 20, Nicholas Kristof, “What Are Sperm Telling Us?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.

It's all about fast cars and cussing each other / but it doesn't matter cause I'm packing plastic / and that's what makes my life so fucking fantastic.

(colloquial, metonymically) Credit or debit cards used in place of cash to buy goods and services.


plastic

en-adj

plastic (comparative more plastic, superlative most plastic)

more plastic (comparative)
most plastic (superlative)

A canister of flour from the kitchen had been thrown at the looking-glass and lay like trampled snow over the remains of a decent blue suit with the lining ripped out which lay on top of the ruin of a plastic wardrobe.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A green plastic watering can / For a fake Chinese rubber plant / In a fake plastic earth / That she bought from a rubber man / In a town full of rubber plans / To get rid of itself

1995, Radiohead (lyrics and music), “Fake Plastic Trees”, in The Bends:


plastic

Borrowed from English plastic. Doublet of plastique.


plastic

ro-adj

plastic m or n (feminine singular plastică, masculine plural plastici, feminine and neuter plural plastice)

plastică (feminine singular)
plastici (masculine plural)
plastice (feminine neuter plural)
plastic (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
plastică (feminine indefinite singular)
plastici (indefinite masculine singular)
plastice (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
plasticul (definite masculine neuter singular)
plastica (definite feminine singular)
plasticii (definite masculine singular)
plasticele (definite feminine neuter plural)
plastice (feminine indefinite singular)
plasticului (definite masculine neuter singular)
plasticei (definite feminine singular)
plasticilor (definite masculine singular)
plasticelor (definite feminine neuter plural)


PPS

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylenesulphide.


substitution

en-noun

substitution (countable and uncountable, plural substitutions)

From Middle French substitution, from Late Latin substitutio.

(chemistry, especially organic chemistry) The replacement of an atom, or group of atoms, in a compound, with another.

substitutie

the replacement of an atom, or group of atoms, in a compound, with another


vulcanize

en-verb

vulcanize (third-person singular simple present vulcanizes, present participle vulcanizing, simple past and past participle vulcanized)

vulcanizes (present singular third-person)
vulcanizing (participle present)
vulcanized (participle past)
vulcanized (past)

(transitive) To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulfur to harden it and make it more durable.


PIN

preferred IUPAC name
w:preferred IUPAC name

(organic chemistry) Initialism of preferred IUPAC name.


alkaloid

From alkali + -oid. Compare French alcaloïde.

The Aspidosperma alkaloids are the largest group of indole alkaloids.

1990, Song Liu, Syntheses of Aspidosperma Alkaloids, page 2:

Xanthosine, the initial substrate of purine alkaloid synthesis, is supplied by at least four different pathways […]

2010, Bertil B. Fredholm, Methylxanthines:

(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.


alkaloid

alkaloidet (definite singular)
alkaloid (indefinite plural)
alkaloider (indefinite plural)
alkaloida (definite plural)
alkaloidene (definite plural)


alkaloid

alkaloidet (definite singular)
alkaloid (indefinite plural)
alkaloida (definite plural)


alkaloid

alkaloid (nominative singular)
alkaloidy (nominative plural)
alkaloidu (genitive singular)
alkaloidów (genitive plural)
alkaloidowi (dative singular)
alkaloidom (dative plural)
alkaloid (accusative singular)
alkaloidy (accusative plural)
alkaloidem (instrumental singular)
alkaloidami (instrumental plural)
alkaloidzie (locative singular)
alkaloidach (locative plural)
alkaloidzie (singular vocative)
alkaloidy (plural vocative)

From alkalia + -oid. First attested in 1822.

ref

Pamiętnik Warszawski (in Polish), numbers T.3, [ner 9], 1822, page 112


amid

amid (nominative singular)
amidy (nominative plural)
amidu (genitive singular)
amidów (genitive plural)
amidowi (dative singular)
amidom (dative plural)
amid (accusative singular)
amidy (accusative plural)
amidem (instrumental singular)
amidami (instrumental plural)
amidzie (locative singular)
amidach (locative plural)
amidzie (singular vocative)
amidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; ultimately from New Latin am(mōniacum) + -id. First attested in the 19th century.

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “amid”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

amid kwasu

grupa amidów

zawierać amid


amyl

amyl (nominative singular)
amylu (genitive singular)
amylowi (dative singular)
amyl (accusative singular)
amylem (instrumental singular)
amylu (locative singular)
amylu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin amylum (“starch”), from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon, “starch”). First attested in 1857.

ref

Jakub Natanson (1857) Krótki rys chemii organicznéj : ze szczególnym względem na rolnictwo, technologią [!] i medycynę. Cz. 1 (in Polish), page 161


angelic

en-adj

angelic (comparative more angelic, superlative most angelic)

more angelic (comparative)
most angelic (superlative)

/ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪk/

From Middle English angelik, aungillik, aungellike, (also angellich, aungellich > English angelly), from Old English anġelīċ, engellīċ, englelīċ, coalescing with Old French angélique, from Latin angelicus, from Ancient Greek ἀγγελικός (angelikós, “of or for a messenger”), from ἄγγελος (ángelos, “angel”). Equivalent to angel + -ic. Doublet of angelique (“plant of the genus Angelica”) and angélique (“plucked bowl lute”).

doublet

an angelic ester

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to angelic acid.


angular

en-adj

angular (comparative more angular, superlative most angular)

more angular (comparative)
most angular (superlative)

From Middle English angular, anguler, from Latin angulāris, from angulus (“angle, corner”). See angle.

(organic chemistry) Composed of three or more rings attached to a single carbon atom (the rings not all being in the same plane).


PCB

en-noun

PCB (countable and uncountable, plural PCBs)

Another environmental factor thought to be affecting some coastal birds, although comparatively little is yet known about its extent or origin, is the presence of marine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxic heavy metals.

1986, Valerie M. Thom, “Coastal habitats”, in Birds in Scotland, London: T & AD Poyser, published 2011, →ISBN, page 25:

polychlorinated biphenyl
polychlorinated biphenyl#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polychlorinated biphenyl.


-ona

Macanese: -óna, -róna


-ona

es-noun

-ona f (noun-forming suffix, plural -onas)


alcohol

Afrikaans: alkohol

→ Indonesian: alkohol

desctree

→ Japanese: アルコール (arukōru)
→ Pohnpeian: ahrkohl

Borrowed from Latin alcohol or Spanish alcohol, of Arabic origin.

(countable, organic chemistry) alcohol (class of compounds)


alcohol

→ Basque: alkohol

→ Quechua: alkul

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥū́l), from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).


hetero-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hetero-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”).

bor

heteroalkene is any analogue of an alkene in which a doubly bonded carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom, heteroaddition is any addition reaction that introduces a heteroatom, heterofullerene is any compound formally derived from a fullerene by replacing one or more carbon atom by a heteroatom, heteroaromatic is having the characteristics of an aromatic compound whilst having at least one non-carbon atom in the ring

(organic chemistry) Heterocyclic: a cyclic compound with multiple elements in its ring. The non-carbon atoms are known as heteroatoms.


homo-

(organic chemistry) Used to form the names of compounds derived from simpler ones by addition of a methylene group.


neo-

From Ancient Greek prefix νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound


neo-

From Ancient Greek νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound.


radical

Inherited from Middle English radical, from Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”).

radicale

ring theory: ideal of elements of a ring sharing a certain given property

radicale

ring theory: intersection of maximal submodules of a module


azo

(organic chemistry) Now especially applied to compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group (-N=N-) uniting two hydrocarbon radicals, as in azobenzene etc.


azonic

(organic chemistry) of, related to, or derived from an azonic acid


axial

en-adj

axial (comparative more axial, superlative most axial)

more axial (comparative)
most axial (superlative)

(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) Oriented parallel to the axis running through the centre of a cyclohexane ring, as opposed to equatorial. See Axial bond.


normal

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

normaler (comparative)
more normal (comparative)
normalest (superlative)
most normal (superlative)

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin; doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.

der

(organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.


Ms

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of mesyl.


functionality

en-noun

functionality (countable and uncountable, plural functionalities)

To appreciate the tasks and problems arising in the synthesis of the monomers it is of fundamental importance to understand that the process used must be capable of yielding organosilanes with different functionalities, since all functionalities are required for synthesis of silicones.

2012, Walter Noll, Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, page 25:

(organic chemistry, countable) The presence of a functional group.


EDT

EDT (countable and uncountable, plural EDTs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of ethanedithiol.


-al

(organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes.


-al

From -a- (linking vowel) + -l (verb-forming suffix).

af

etanal

(organic chemistry) -al (forms the names of aldehydes)


petrichor

/ˈpɛt.ɹɪˌkɔɹ

From petr(o)- + ichor.
Coined by Australian scientist Richard Grenfell Thomas in 1964 for the article “Nature of Argillaceous Odour”, co-authored by Isabel Joy Bear and published in the journal Nature.

coinage

He hypothesizes that this factor may be petrichor, an oil which has been isolated from silicate minerals and rocks[…].

1980, John E Bardach et al., Fish Behavior and its Use in the Capture and Culture of Fishes:

The yellow organic oil that yields this scent.


glycoside

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A molecule in which a sugar group (the glycone) is bound to a non-sugar group (the corresponding aglycone) by a nitrogen or oxygen atom. Glycosides yield a sugar after undergoing hydrolysis.


phosphine

en-noun

phosphine (countable and uncountable, plural phosphines)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any alkyl or aryl derivative of this compound, PR₃ (where at least one R is not H),


-en

(organic chemistry) Identifies an alkene, these being of either the common or the neuter gender; -ene.


-en

-enet (definite neuter singular)
-enen (definite masculine singular)
-en (indefinite plural)
-ener (indefinite plural)
-enene (definite plural)
-ena (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek -ηνή (-ēnḗ), feminine form of -ηνός (-ēnós, added to place name to form an adjective), from -νός (-nós), alternative form of -νος (-nos), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós (creates verbal adjectives from roots).

der

acetylen, benzen

(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkynes; -ene

etylen, propylen

(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkenes; -ene


-en

-en (nominative singular)
-enu (genitive singular)
-enowi (dative singular)
-en (accusative singular)
-enem (instrumental singular)
-enie (locative singular)
-enie (singular vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós).

der+

acetyl + -en → acetylen


benzene

en-noun

benzene (usually uncountable, plural benzenes)

A technical term in chemistry, adopted in English in 1835 as benzine (benzene from 1872), from German Benzin, which was coined in 1833 by Eilhardt Mitscherlich based on Benzoesäure (“benzoic acid”), plus the technical ending -ene (German -in) denoting hydrocarbons. The adjective benzoic is in turn from benzoin, originally a term for a balsamic resin from Middle French benjoin, from Spanish benjuí, Portuguese beijoim, Italian benzoi, from Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy, “Javanese frankincense”). The initial lu was probably lost because it was taken as the definite article in Romance. Compare oliban.
Not related to German Benz (surname).

der

لُبَان جَاوِيّ

(organic chemistry, in combination) Sometimes used in place of the phenyl group.


addend

Short for addendum, by surface analysis, add + -end.

(organic chemistry) A moiety added to another molecule.


addend

en-verb

addend (third-person singular simple present addends, present participle addending, simple past and past participle addended)

addends (present singular third-person)
addending (participle present)
addended (participle past)
addended (past)

(organic chemistry) To furnish with an addend.


adipic

(organic chemistry) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.

(organic chemistry) Of, or derived from adipic acid.


allyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical, CH₂=CH-CH₂-, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard.


amide

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides

амид

organic chemistry: derivative of an oxoacid


amino

From the prefix amino-, from amine, from ammonia + -ine.

(organic chemistry) Relating to an amine.


amino

(organic chemistry) The amine functional group.


aryl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom.


aryl

aryl (nominative singular)
aryle (nominative plural)
arylu (genitive singular)
aryli (genitive plural)
arylowi (dative singular)
arylom (dative plural)
aryl (accusative singular)
aryle (accusative plural)
arylem (instrumental singular)
arylami (instrumental plural)
arylu (locative singular)
arylach (locative plural)
arylu (singular vocative)
aryle (plural vocative)


butyl

(organic chemistry) Any of four isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C₄H₉, formally derived from butane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.

butil

Any of four isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C4H9


ethyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, C₂H₅, formally derived from ethane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.

Et

chemical shorthand, found in chemical formulae


formic

Formed from the root of Latin formīca (“ant”) + -ic.

(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to or derived from formic acid (or from methane).


glycol

From Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”) + -ol.


ligand

Borrowed from Latin ligandus, gerundive of ligo (“bind”).

ربيطة

something that binds to another chemical entity

coordination chemistry
coordination chemistry

coordination complex
coordination complex

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A molecule or moiety (ion, functional group, or radical) that binds to another chemical entity to form a larger complex; as, especially:

(coordination chemistry) Such an entity that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.

(biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, medicine) Such an entity that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.

Holonym: complex


olefin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of unsaturated open-chain hydrocarbons such as ethylene; an alkene with only one carbon-carbon double bond.


phenol

en-noun

phenol (countable and uncountable, plural phenols)

From French phène, from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to clear”), as it was used for illumination, name given by Auguste Laurente in 1836.
By surface analysis, pheno- + -ol.

bor

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)

فِينُول

any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring


phenyl

Borrowed from French phényle, derived from the root of Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”) plus ὕλη (húlē, “wood; material, substance”). Equivalent to phen- + -yl.

der

(organic chemistry) A univalent hydrocarbon radical (C₆H₅) formally derived from benzene by the removal of a hydrogen atom, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.


propyl

From the chemical prefix propyl-, from propylic or directly from earlier French propylique, from prop(ionique) + -yle + -ique, where -yle, as in French méthylène, is from ὕλη (húlē, “wood, substance”).

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C₃H₇, formally derived from propane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.


propyl

propyl (nominative singular)
propyle (nominative plural)
propylu (genitive singular)
propyli (genitive plural)
propylowi (dative singular)
propylom (dative plural)
propyl (accusative singular)
propyle (accusative plural)
propylem (instrumental singular)
propylami (instrumental plural)
propylu (locative singular)
propylach (locative plural)
propylu (singular vocative)
propyle (plural vocative)


trimer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-trimer.wav

(chemistry) An oligomer composed of three monomers.


fuse

en-verb

fuse (third-person singular simple present fuses, present participle fusing, simple past and past participle fused)

fuses (present singular third-person)
fusing (participle present)
fused (participle past)
fused (past)

Back-formation from fusion (“to melt”), first to verbal sense, then noun.

(organic chemistry) To form a bicyclic compound from two similar or different types of ring such that two or more atoms are shared between the resulting rings


secondary

en-adj

secondary (not generally comparable, comparative more secondary, superlative most secondary)

more secondary (comparative)
most secondary (superlative)

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

der

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(organic chemistry) Derived from a parent compound by replacement of two atoms of hydrogen by organic radicals.


sunflower

From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.

(informal, organic chemistry) Any flat, radially symmetric organic compound, such as coronene.


polystyrene

It was 30 times lighter and more flexible than the polystyrene that had previously been used.

1996 April 2, Julia Campbell, “Ray McIntire, 77, Dow Engineer And the Inventor Of Styrofoam”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) A vinylic polymer of styrene, CH₂CHphenyl.

(organic chemistry) An alkane chain of benzene molecules, RCH₂CHphenylR.


hesperidin

en-noun

hesperidin (countable and uncountable, plural hesperidins)

(biochemistry) a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruit


reina

From New Latin Rheum (genus of plants that includes rhubarb) + -ina, from Ancient Greek ῥῆον (rhêon, “rhubarb”). The acid is derived from anthraquinone, present in rhubarb leaves.

af

NL.:Rheum<pos:genus of plants that includes rhubarb>


ester

nl-noun

ester m (plural esters, diminutive estertje n)

esters (plural)
estertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: ester


ester

head

ester (genitive estri, partitive estrit)

estri (genitive)
estrit (partitive)
ester (nominative singular)
estrid (nominative plural)
ester (accusative nominative singular)
estrid (accusative nominative plural)
estri (accusative genitive singular)
estrid (accusative genitive plural)
estri (genitive singular)
estrite (genitive plural)
estrit (partitive singular)
estreid (partitive plural)
estrisse (illative singular)
estritesse (illative plural)
estreisse (illative plural)
estris (inessive singular)
estrites (inessive plural)
estreis (inessive plural)
estrist (elative singular)
estritest (elative plural)
estreist (elative plural)
estrile (allative singular)
estritele (allative plural)
estreile (allative plural)
estril (adessive singular)
estritel (adessive plural)
estreil (adessive plural)
estrilt (ablative singular)
estritelt (ablative plural)
estreilt (ablative plural)
estriks (singular translative)
estriteks (plural translative)
estreiks (plural translative)
estrini (singular terminative)
estriteni (plural terminative)
estrina (essive singular)
estritena (essive plural)
estrita (abessive singular)
estriteta (abessive plural)
estriga (comitative singular)
estritega (comitative plural)


ester

From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).


ester

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.


ester

ester (nominative singular)
estry (nominative plural)
estru (genitive singular)
estrów (genitive plural)
estrowi (dative singular)
estrom (dative plural)
ester (accusative singular)
estry (accusative plural)
estrem (instrumental singular)
estrami (instrumental plural)
estrze (locative singular)
estrach (locative plural)
estrze (singular vocative)
estry (plural vocative)


aromatic

en-adj

aromatic (comparative more aromatic, superlative most aromatic)

more aromatic (comparative)
most aromatic (superlative)

/ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

/ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

[ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]

/ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

[ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]

Late Middle English, from Middle French and Old French aromatique, from Late Latin aromaticus, from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).

der

(organic chemistry) Having a closed ring of alternate single and double bonds with delocalized electrons.

(organic chemistry) Derived from benzene.


organic chemistry

(chemistry) The chemistry of organic compounds (that is, chemical compounds with carbon atoms in a covalent bond).

química orgánica

chemistry of carbon containing compounds


flocculation

en-noun

flocculation (countable and uncountable, plural flocculations)

/ˌflɒkjʊˈlɛɪ̯ʃən/

Repeated use of this type of [water] on plants results in deflocculation[] of the soil. Good quality soil consists of loose aggregates which provide natural aeration and ease of root run. Sodium accumulation in soil destroys this natural flocculation and causes the soil to pack.

1972 November 5, Joan Lee Faust, “AROUND THE Garden”, in The New York Times:

It might seem that Mr. Holl, whose initial sketches are glorious watercolors, was an unlikely candidate for a job that is all about hydrodynamics. But he credits much of his inspiration to repeated meetings with engineers -- as many as 30 at a time -- to discuss topics like "flocculation" (the process by which particles form coagulated masses, or flocs).

2005 February 27, Fred A. Bernstein, “In My Backyard, Please: The Infrastructure Beautiful Movement”, in The New York Times:

(physical chemistry) A condition in which clays, polymers or other small charged particles become attached and form a fragile structure, a floc.


aliphatic

From Ancient Greek ἄλειφαρ (áleiphar, “oil, ointment”) + -ic.

der

(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.

мастен

organic chemistry: having carbon atoms arranged in an open chain


alicyclic

(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds having both aliphatic (chain) and cyclic (ring) structure


quaternary

Derived from Latin quaternārius (“containing or consisting of four”), from quaternī (“four each”, “four at a time”) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary); compare the French quaternaire.

der+

(organic chemistry) quaternary ammonium.


cyclobutane

en-noun

cyclobutane (countable and uncountable, plural cyclobutanes)

From cyclo- + butane from being a circular structure, a butane chain as a closed ring.

(countable, organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.


Bakelite

Patented July 1907 by its inventor, Leo Hendrik Baekeland. See -ite.

phenol formaldehyde resin
phenol formaldehyde resin

A heat-resisting chemically inert phenol formaldehyde resin (an early thermosetting plastic).


tautomerism

tautomerism (countable and uncountable, plural tautomerisms)

(organic chemistry) A form of isomerism in which a dynamic equilibrium between multiple isomers exists, such as that between an enol and a ketone.


viscose

viscose (countable and uncountable, plural viscoses)

From Latin viscōsus, from viscum (“birdlime”). Doublet of viscous.

A viscous orange-brown liquid obtained by chemical treatment of cellulose and used as the basis of manufacturing rayon and cellulose film.


alko

alko (canonical inanimate masculine)
alko (canonical neuter)


areno

(organic chemistry) arene (monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)


polyester

polyester (countable and uncountable, plural polyesters)

Any polymer whose monomers are linked together by ester bonds

A material or fabric made from polyester polymer


polyester

polyester (nominative singular)
polyestery (nominative plural)
polyesteru (genitive singular)
polyesterů (genitive plural)
polyesteru (dative singular)
polyesterům (dative plural)
polyester (accusative singular)
polyestery (accusative plural)
polyestere (singular vocative)
polyestery (plural vocative)
polyesteru (locative singular)
polyesterech (locative plural)
polyesterem (instrumental singular)
polyestery (instrumental plural)


monomer

The water absorbency of the anionically starch-grafted AA/AM absorbent is markedly affected by the pH of the buffer solution at different ionic strengths. The charge of the ionic monomer affects the pH sensitivity of the superabsorbent polymers. An acidic superabsorbent normally ionizes at high pH but unionizes at low pH.

2000 October 1, Suda Kiatkamjornwong, Wararuk Chomsaksakul, Manit Sonsuk, “Radiation modification of water absorption of cassava starch by acrylic acid/acrylamide”, in Radiation Physics and Chemistry, volume 59, number 4, →DOI, page 423:

Nothing at all in the German fridge, so new that its interior smells only of cold and long-chain monomers.

2003, William Gibson, Pattern Recognition (Bigend cycle; book 1), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 1:

In a recent paper on homopyrimidine decamers containing aeg-monomers and thymine monomers with a sulfomethyl substituent at the γ-position, similar triplexes has also been described [43 ].

2015 October 16, “Polyanionic Carboxyethyl Peptide Nucleic Acids ( ce -PNAs): Synthesis and DNA Binding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(chemistry) A relatively small molecule which can be covalently bonded to other monomers to form a polymer or oligomer.

մոնոմեր

small molecule, bonded covalently to form polymers


polymer

polymer (countable and uncountable, plural polymers)

From poly- + -mer, from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”) + μέρος (méros, “part”). Coined by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1833, though his definition was quite different from the modern one.

(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules.


periodo

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) Describing a derivative in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by iodine


azo-

azine

(organic chemistry) Containing nitrogen especially as the divalent group N=N.


benzo-

benzodiazepine, benzoyl

(organic chemistry) Related to benzene or benzoic acid.


aceto-

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”), because acetic acid is a constituent of vinegar.

(organic chemistry) Containing a methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group (CH₃CO-); e.g., acetophenone

aceto-

containing a methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group


aceto-

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”), from aceō (“I am sour”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-éh₁-ye-ti, from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). Doublet of eddik and acet-.

(organic chemistry) aceto- (containing a methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group)


fatty acid

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fatty acid.wav

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils and fats. Only those with an even number of carbon atoms are normally found in natural fats.


carboxylic

(organic chemistry) Of, or relating to the carboxyl functional group.

carboxílic

of, or relating to the carboxyl functional group


functional group

functional group (plural functional groups)

Various functional groups often occur in biomolecules.

(organic chemistry) A specific grouping of elements that is characteristic of a class of compounds, and determines some properties and reactions of that class.


carboxyl

(organic chemistry) A univalent functional group consisting of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl functional group (-CO.OH); characteristic of carboxylic acids.


carbonyl

carboxylic acid anhydride
carboxylic acid anhydride

(organic chemistry) A divalent functional group, (-CO-), characteristic of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, carbonyl halides, esters and others.


bivalent

en-adj

bivalent (comparative more bivalent, superlative most bivalent)

more bivalent (comparative)
most bivalent (superlative)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Having a valence of 2; having two ligands


carbohydrate

From their general formula Cₙ(H₂O)ₙ; they were once thought to be hydrates of carbon.

These microbes are primarily responsible for breaking down cellulose and other carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.

2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist:

(organic chemistry, nutrition) A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant.

karbohidrat

organic compounds such as sugar, starch or cellulose


amine

quaternary ammonium compound e.g.tetramethylammonium hydroxide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an amine functional group.


amino-

(organic chemistry) amino- (of amines and the amino functional group)


cellulose

en-noun

cellulose (countable and uncountable, plural celluloses)

A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide containing many glucose units in parallel chains.


heptose

(organic chemistry) A sugar or saccharide containing seven carbon atoms.


polysaccharide

Cellulose, starches, and complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen, are common polysaccharides in biology.

(biochemistry) A polymer made of many saccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.


monocyclic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-monocyclic.wav

(chemistry) Having a single ring of atoms in the molecule; such as benzene or cyclopropane.


tricyclic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tricyclic.wav

a tricyclic antidepressant

Anthracene is tricyclic.

(chemistry) Having three rings of atoms in the molecule.

τρικυκλικός

having three rings of atoms in the molecule


heterocyclic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-heterocyclic.wav

Other highly effective heterocyclic substituents were pyrazinyl and quinoxalyl.

1951, Apollonia Frances Olson, Helen G. Tibbitts, A Study of Head Nurse Activities in a General Hospital, 1950, page 163:

(organic chemistry, of a cyclic compound) Having one or more atoms other than carbon in at least one of its rings.

heterocíclic

of cyclic compounds: containing one or more atoms other than carbon


furan

furan (nominative singular)
furany (nominative plural)
furanu (genitive singular)
furanów (genitive plural)
furanowi (dative singular)
furanom (dative plural)
furan (accusative singular)
furany (accusative plural)
furanem (instrumental singular)
furanami (instrumental plural)
furanie (locative singular)
furanach (locative plural)
furanie (singular vocative)
furany (plural vocative)


octan

octan (nominative singular)
octany (nominative plural)
octanu (genitive singular)
octanů (genitive plural)
octanu (dative singular)
octanům (dative plural)
octan (accusative singular)
octany (accusative plural)
octane (singular vocative)
octany (plural vocative)
octanu (locative singular)
octanech (locative plural)
octanem (instrumental singular)
octany (instrumental plural)


octan

octan (nominative singular)
octany (nominative plural)
octanu (genitive singular)
octanów (genitive plural)
octanowi (dative singular)
octanom (dative plural)
octan (accusative singular)
octany (accusative plural)
octanem (instrumental singular)
octanami (instrumental plural)
octanie (locative singular)
octanach (locative plural)
octanie (singular vocative)
octany (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry) acetate (salt or ester of acetic acid)


hydric

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hyrdic.wav

(organic chemistry) Relating to alcohols.


oxyacetylene

(organic chemistry) A mixture of oxygen and acetylene, which burns at a high temperature and is used for cutting and welding metals.

οξυγονοκόλληση

a mixture of oxygen and acetylene; burns at a high temperature and is used for cutting and welding metals


ortho-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ortho-.wav

E.g. orthophenylene, orthosubstitution, orthocleavage.

(organic chemistry) In isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in adjacent (1,2) positions (compare meta- and para-).


iso-

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).

isohexane

(organic chemistry) (of an aliphatic compound, especially a fatty acid) Having a branch on the penultimate carbon atom of a chain.


meta-

From Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).

noncog

(organic chemistry) in isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in alternate (1,3) positions; contrasted with ortho- and para-.

meta-

chemistry: contrasted with ortho- and para-


rayon

en-noun

rayon (countable and uncountable, plural rayons)

Name chosen by the National Retail Dry Goods Association of America, probably from French rayon (“beam of light, ray”) and so called because it is shiny; however, the Oxford English Dictionary states that it is apparently a blend of ray + cotton.

A manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber.


ethylene

ethylene (countable and uncountable, plural ethylenes)

(organic chemistry) The divalent radical derived from ethane.


ethene

ethene (countable and uncountable, plural ethenes)

(organic chemistry) Any alkene derived from ethylene


side chain

(organic chemistry) That part of a molecule attached to some core structure; a radical.


acrylic

From acryl + -ic, from acrolein, from Latin acer (“sharp”) + olere (“to smell”).

(organic chemistry) Derived from acrylic acid or acrylonitrile.

acrílic

derived from acrylic acid or acrylonitrile


acrylic resin

(organic chemistry) Any of many thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile; used in paint and many plastics.


carboxylated

en-adj

carboxylated (comparative more carboxylated, superlative most carboxylated)

more carboxylated (comparative)
most carboxylated (superlative)

(organic chemistry) Converted into a carboxylic acid, normally by the oxidation of an alcohol or aldehyde.


polyunsaturated

(organic chemistry) Of or relating to long chain organic compounds that have multiple double bonds; polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential to human nutrition.


citric acid cycle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-citric acid cycle.wav

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The Krebs cycle.

檸檬酸循環 /柠檬酸循环

the Krebs cycle — see also Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle


Krebs cycle

Named after German biochemist and physician Hans Adolf Krebs.

named-after

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A series of enzymatic reactions that occurs in all aerobic organisms, involving the oxidative metabolism of acetyl units, and serving as the main source of cellular energy.

克雷伯氏循環 /克雷伯氏循环

series of enzymatic reactions — see also citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle


urethane

en-noun

urethane (countable and uncountable, plural urethanes)

From French uréthane, coined (1833) by Jean Baptiste Dumas.

(organic chemistry, countable) Any compound consisting of this general structure.


carbamate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of carbamic acid.


cyclamate

(organic chemistry) any salt or ester of cyclamic acid, especially the sodium and calcium salts, which have been used as artificial sweeteners


sulphamic acid

(organic chemistry) any organic compound derived from sulphamic acid by replacing one or two hydrogen atoms of the amine group by an organic radical — for example cyclamic acid where a hydrogen atom is replaced by a cyclohexyl radical


macromolecule

Beadle discovered that genes carried instructions to build proteins—complex, multidimensional macromolecules that were the workhorses of the cell.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 345:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A very large molecule, especially used in reference to large biological polymers (e.g. nucleic acids and proteins).


formate

But most likely my judgement was distorted by my contempt for his acting the young buck [...] for ever waxing his moustaches and loading himself with medicaments supposed to replace the failing sap of youth, glycerophosphates, formates, nux vomica, yohimba, damiana.

1963, Xavier Herbert, Distubing Element, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 178:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of formic acid.


maleate

From maleic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of maleic acid.


unsaturated

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-unsaturated.wav

(chemistry, of a solution) Not saturated; capable of dissolving more of a solute at the same temperature.

(chemistry) Of a compound containing atoms sharing more than one valence bond, especially of an organic compound having one or more double bonds or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

insaturat

(of a colour) Not chromatically pure; diluted.


unsaturated fat

unsaturated fat (countable and uncountable, plural unsaturated fats)

unsaturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid

A fat or oil, from either animal or vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids; will typically be liquid at room temperature; a diet high in unsaturated rather than saturated fats is thought to contribute to lower levels of cholesterol in the blood.


saturated fat

saturated fat (countable and uncountable, plural saturated fats)

saturated fatty acid
saturated fatty acid

A fat or oil, from either animal or vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids; will typically be solid at room temperature; a diet high in saturated rather than unsaturated fats is thought to contribute to higher levels of cholesterol in the blood.

飽和脂肪 /饱和脂肪

fat containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids


saturated

en-adj

saturated (comparative more saturated, superlative most saturated)

more saturated (comparative)
most saturated (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-saturated.wav

(chemistry) Having all available valence bonds filled; especially of any organic compound containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.

наситен

chemistry: having all available valence bonds filled


monoterpene

(organic chemistry) Any terpene formed from two isoprene units, and having ten carbon atoms; either hydrocarbons such as pinene, or compounds with functional groups such as camphor.


sesquiterpene

From sesqui- (“one and a half”) + terpene; by comparison with a monoterpene, which has two isoprene units.

(organic chemistry) Any terpene formed from three isoprene units, and having fifteen carbon atoms; includes several plant pigments such as the flavones.


triterpene

(organic chemistry) Any terpene formed from six isoprene units, and having thirty carbon atoms; they are relatively rare.


tetraterpene

(organic chemistry) Any terpene formed from eight isoprene units, and having forty carbon atoms; they include the carotene plant pigments.


carotene

en-noun

carotene (countable and uncountable, plural carotenes)

(organic chemistry) A class of tetraterpene plant pigments; they vary in colour from yellow, through orange to red, this colour originating in a chain of alternating single and double bonds.

(organic chemistry) Specifically, a number of isomers of tetraterpene hydrocarbons, C₄₀H₅₆, (especially beta-carotene), present in carrots etc, which are converted into vitamin A in the liver.


carotenoid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow to red organic pigments including the carotenes and xanthophylls.

കരോട്ടിനോയ്ഡ്

karōṭṭinōyḍŭ


carotenoid

(organic chemistry) Of or relating to such a class of pigments.


xanthophyll

xanthophyll (countable and uncountable, plural xanthophylls)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of various hydroxy, carbonyl or carboxylic acid derivatives of carotenes.

phylloxanthin

class of compounds derived from carotenes


photosynthesis

photosynthesis (usually uncountable, plural photosyntheses)

[ˌfəʊ.tʰəʊˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs]

[ˌfŏʊ.ɾoʊˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs]

ışık yardımı ile besin biriktirme süreci

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.

principally, oxygenic photosynthesis, any process by which plants and algae convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.

also, non-oxygenic photosynthesis, used by purple and green bacteria, heliobacteria, and acidobacteria.


polymerase

(biochemistry) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polymers of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of RNA or DNA respectively as a template.

聚合酶

enzyme that catalyses the formation of polymers


amplification

amplification (countable and uncountable, plural amplifications)

From Latin amplificātiō, from amplificō (“I amplify”); see amplify.
Etymology tree
Latin amplus
Latin -ficō
Latin amplificō
Latin -tiō
Latin amplificātiōlbor.
English amplification

etymon

(organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants).


Grignard reaction

en-noun

Grignard reaction (plural Grignard reactions)

After François Auguste Victor Grignard, a Nobel Prize-winning French chemist.

(organic chemistry) The reaction of a Grignard reagent (an organo-magnesium halide) with aldehydes or ketones to form secondary or tertiary alcohols


alkyl

(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁ derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. In other words, an alkane minus one hydrogen atom.

alquil

univalent radical of the general formula CnH2n+1


alkyl

nl-noun

alkyl m (plural alkylen, diminutive alkyltje n)

alkylen (plural)
alkyltje (diminutive neuter)


alkyl

alkylet (definite singular)
alkyl (indefinite plural)
alkyler (indefinite plural)
alkyla (definite plural)
alkylene (definite plural)


alkyl

alkylet (definite singular)
alkyl (indefinite plural)
alkyla (definite plural)


alkyl

alkyl (indefinite nominative singular)
alkyls (genitive indefinite singular)
alkylen (definite nominative singular)
alkylens (definite genitive singular)
alkyler (indefinite nominative plural)
alkylers (genitive indefinite plural)
alkylerna (definite nominative plural)
alkylernas (definite genitive plural)


metaphosphoric acid

en-noun

metaphosphoric acid (plural metaphosphoric acids)

(inorganic chemistry) an anhydrous form of phosphoric acid that exists as a polymeric glassy solid, (HPO₃)ₙ; used as a drying agent and in dental cement


methacrylate

From methacrylic + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of methacrylic acid, especially an ester used in the manufacture of resins and plastics.


peroxide

peroxide (countable and uncountable, plural peroxides)

Thus far, Dr. Petrakis said, he had found that in women with […] extractable breast fluid, the amount of lipid peroxides in the fluid was on the average seven times higher in Caucasian women than in women of Chinese de[s]cent. In addition, women with cystic breast disease, who face a higher than usual risk of breast cancer, appear to have more peroxides in their breast fluid than women with normal breasts.

1975 March 23, Jane Brody, “Clue to Cancer Found in Breast Fluid”, in The New York Times:

The O–O bond in benzoyl peroxide and the C–N bonds in AIBN homolyze under thermal or photochemical conditions.

2007, Robert B. Grossman, The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing the functional group R-O-O-R'.


oxaloacetate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of oxaloacetic acid.


oxalate

From French oxalate, equivalent to oxalic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of oxalic acid.


polymerize

en-verb

polymerize (third-person singular simple present polymerizes, present participle polymerizing, simple past and past participle polymerized)

polymerizes (present singular third-person)
polymerizing (participle present)
polymerized (participle past)
polymerized (past)

/ˈpɒlɨməɹʌɪz/

/ˈpɑləməˌɹaɪz/

(transitive) (organic chemistry) To convert a monomer to a polymer by polymerization.


polymerization

en-noun

polymerization (countable and uncountable, plural polymerizations)

(organic chemistry) The chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units (monomers).


acid anhydride

(organic chemistry) A class of organic compounds having two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom. They react with water to give carboxylic acids.

suuranhidried

organic compounds with oxygen atom bonded to two acyl groups


equatorial

en-adj

equatorial (comparative more equatorial, superlative most equatorial)

more equatorial (comparative)
most equatorial (superlative)

/ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl/

(organic chemistry) of a bond, lying approximately in the plane of a ring, perpendicular to its axis


fullerene

After Buckminster Fuller, inventor of the geodesic dome, + -ene.

(organic chemistry) Any closed-cage compound having twenty or more carbon atoms consisting entirely of 3-coordinate carbon atoms.


chlorofluorocarbon

chlorofluorocarbons (plural)
CFC (abbreviation)
CFK (abbreviation rare)

The proposed replacement for CFC-11, a chlorofluorocarbon used to make plastic foam and in central air-conditioning systems, is a compound called HCFC-22. This is a chlorofluorocarbon already in use in home air-conditioners, but it is more expensive than CFC-11 and its potential applications are limited by its inferior characteristics.

1989 March 7, Malcolm W. Browne, “In Protecting the Atmosphere, Choices Are Costly and Complex”, in The New York Times:

The Renew is also free of polyvinyl chloride, asbestos, chlorofluorocarbons and halons.

2009 February 12, Azadeh Ensha, “A Cellphone That Is Made With the Environment in Mind”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced with those of chlorine and fluorine; formerly used as refrigerants and aerosol can propellants but withdrawn due to causing damage to the ozone layer.

氯氟烴 /氯氟烃

an organic compound with halogens in place of hydrogen


phthalate

From phthal(ic) + -ate (“salt or ester”), short for obsolete naphthalic acid, from naphthalene.

Researchers investigating levels of phthalates in the human body, which have been linked to asthma, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and fertility issues in the past few years, were found to be nearly 35% higher in participants who had eaten out the previous day compared with those who stayed at home.

2018 March 29, Patrick Greenfield, The Guardian:

Even as FDA works to develop that plan, consumers continue to be exposed to unsafe food chemicals including not just dyes but also the artificial sweetener aspartame, the white pigment titanium dioxide, the preservative propylparaben, and the phthalate food packaging chemicals, according to CSPI.

2025 January 15, “FDA moves to eliminate carcinogenic Red 3 from foods”, in Center for Science in the Public Interest:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of a phthalic acid.


para-

From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).

der

(organic chemistry) In isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in opposite (1,4) positions (compare ortho- and meta-)

para-

having substituents on benzene rings on opposite carbon atoms


ammonium

en-noun

ammonium (usually uncountable, plural ammoniums)

From New Latin ammōnium. Equivalent to ammonia + -ium.

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) Any similar cation formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl radicals


propionate

From propionic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of propionic acid.


pyrogallic acid

(organic chemistry) Synonym of pyrogallol


trihydroxy

(organic chemistry, in combination) Three hydroxy groups in a molecule


Ac

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of acetat.


Ester

de-noun

Ester m (strong, genitive Esters, plural Ester)

Esters (genitive)
Ester (plural)
Ester (nominative singular)
Ester (definite nominative plural)
Esters (genitive singular)
Ester (definite genitive plural)
Ester (dative singular)
Estern (dative definite plural)
Ester (accusative singular)
Ester (accusative definite plural)

→ English: ester

→ French: ester

Probably a blend of Essig (“vinegar, acetic acid”) + Äther (“ether”), though this is speculative.


Ether

de-noun

Ether n (strong, genitive Ethers, plural Ether)

Ethers (genitive)
Ether (plural)
Ether (nominative singular)
Ether (definite nominative plural)
Ethers (genitive singular)
Ether (definite genitive plural)
Ether (dative singular)
Ethern (dative definite plural)
Ether (accusative singular)
Ether (accusative definite plural)

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of Äther (“ether as a chemical substance”)


Me

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of methyl.


R

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

Alcohols have the generic formula ROH.

(organic chemistry) An unspecified radical, usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest.


бутан

Borrowed from Russian бута́н (bután), from German Butan.

kk:бутан (айрық)


бутан

ru-noun+

бута́н • (bután) m inan (genitive бута́на, nominative plural бута́ны, genitive plural бута́нов)

бута́н (canonical)
bután (romanization)
бута́на (genitive)
бута́ны (nominative plural)
бута́нов (genitive plural)
бута́н (nominative singular)
бута́ны (nominative plural)
бута́на (genitive singular)
бута́нов (genitive plural)
бута́ну (dative singular)
бута́нам (dative plural)
бута́н (accusative singular)
бута́ны (accusative plural)
бута́ном (instrumental singular)
бута́нами (instrumental plural)
бута́не (prepositional singular)
бута́нах (plural prepositional)


bisulfite

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The univalent group -HSO₃, or any salt containing it.

vetysulfiitti

univalent group -HSO3, or any salt containing it


sulfate

From French sulfate, from New Latin sulphatum, taken from the expression acidum sulphatum (“sulfuric acid”), from sulphatus, from Latin sulphur (“sulfur”). The term was first used in 1787 by the French chemist L. B. G. De Morveau. Equivalent to sulf(ur) + -ate (“salt or ester”).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sulphate.wav

Another type, also common in the Taipei area has more chlorides than sulfates, and while it is also hot, its flavor is more salty than sour. The springs at Chinshan on the north coast are typical of this type.

1982 February 21, “Wulai: Hot springs resort with treasury of culture”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 7, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2, column 2:

Iatrogenic poisoning can result from the use of magnesium in the treatment of hypertension or of toxemia of pregnancy; deaths have been reported from the use of magnesium sulfate enemas in megacolon and from oral administration for purging.

1983, Richard E. Behrman, Victor C. Vaughan, III, Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, W. B. Saunders, →ISBN, page 249:

The whole world's fighting over fresh water like a pack of starving dogs with one stripped bone among them, and then Brazil started shooting all those sulfates into the stratosphere and—well, it was turning out just like the environazis said, only way worse and way fucking faster.

2011, Peter Watts, Crysis: Legion, Del Rey, published 2011, →ISBN, page 7:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of sulfuric acid.


AE

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of Alkoholembryopathie.

Elektrophile Addition
elektrophile Addition#German

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of Elektrophile Addition (electrophilic addition)


tartrate

From tartaric acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of tartaric acid.


Platonic hydrocarbon

en-noun

Platonic hydrocarbon (plural Platonic hydrocarbons)

(organic chemistry) A hydrocarbon whose structure matches one of the five Platonic solids.


ACC

aminocyclopropane carboxylique
aminocyclopropane carboxylique#French

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of aminocyclopropane carboxylique (“acide 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylique”).


CPA

CPA (countable and uncountable, plural CPAs)

certified public accountant
certified public accountant#English

(US, Philippines, accounting) Initialism of certified public accountant.

cyproterone acetate
cyproterone acetate#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Abbreviation of cyproterone acetate.

Christian Palestinian Aramaic
Christian Palestinian Aramaic#English

(Semitistics) Abbreviation of Christian Palestinian Aramaic.

chosen-plaintext attack
chosen-plaintext attack#English

(computer security) Abbreviation of chosen-plaintext attack.


PBT

PBT (countable and uncountable, plural PBTs)

polybutylene terephthalate
polybutylene terephthalate#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polybutylene terephthalate.


PFOA

Coordinate term: PFOS

perfluorooctanoic acid
perfluorooctanoic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of perfluorooctanoic acid.


epicycle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-epicycle.wav

From Latin epicyclus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίκυκλος (epíkuklos), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”).

(organic chemistry) A ring of atoms joining parts of an already cyclic compound


ataxia

ataxia (countable and uncountable, plural ataxias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀταξία (ataxía, “disorder”), derived from ἄτακτος (átaktos, “disorderly”).

bor+

Cerebellar dysfunction is characterized by truncal ataxia, a broad-based stance, dysmetria in which the limbs either overstep (hypermetria) or understep (hypometria), and tremor that is most pronounced when the animal attempts a goal-orientated movement (intention tremor).

2004, Johnny D. Hoskins, Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat, →ISBN, page 358:

(pathology) Lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements, which may appear to be clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability.

(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) The condition of a polymer in which the orientation of the subunits is random


кокаин

bg-noun

кокаи́н • (kokaín) m (relational adjective кокаи́нов)

кокаи́н (canonical)
kokaín (romanization)
кокаи́нов (adjective relational)
кокаи́н (indefinite singular)
кокаи́ни (indefinite plural)
кокаи́нът (definite singular subjective)
кокаи́ните (definite plural subjective)
кокаи́на (definite objective singular)
кокаи́ните (definite objective plural)
кокаи́на (count-form plural)

Either borrowed from French cocaïne, or from ко́ка (kóka) + -ин (-in). BER supports the latter formation, whereas RBE supposes the borrowing.


PAP

(organic chemistry) polyfluoroalkyl phosphate ester


germane

en-noun

germane (countable and uncountable, plural germanes)

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) Any organic derivative of this compound.


dipeptide

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An organic compound formed from two amino acids joined by a peptide bond.


polypeptide

(organic chemistry) Any polymer of (same or different) amino acids joined via peptide bonds.

polipèptid

organic chemistry: any polymer amino acids joined via peptide bonds


TEA

TEA (countable and uncountable, plural TEAs)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Acronym of triethylaluminium.

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Abbreviation of triethylamine.

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Abbreviation of triethanolamine.


polymerase chain reaction

polymerase chain reaction (plural polymerase chain reactions)

genetic fingerprinting
genetic fingerprinting

(genetics, molecular biology, organic chemistry) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.

ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応

ポリメラーゼれんさはんのう


photoautotroph

From photo- (from the combining form φωτω- (phōtō-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”)) + autotroph, from auto- (from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-, “self-”)) + -troph (from Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”)).

confix

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">αὐτο-</i> (auto-, “self-”)

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">τροφή</i> (trophḗ, “nourishment”)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) an organism, such as all green plants, that can synthesize its own food from inorganic material using light as a source of energy


biopolymer

Coordinate term: biometal

There are three main classes of biopolymers: polynucleotides (such as RNA and DNA), polypeptides (such as collagen and actin), and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch).

Products based on durable biopolymers have begun appearing in the marketplace.

2007 March 21, Susan Moran, “The new bioplastics, more than just forks”, in The New York Times:

CJ Biomaterials was the first company in the world to produce amorphous PHA, it says, which is a softer, rubberier version of PHA that offers fundamentally different performance characteristics than crystalline or semi-crystalline forms of the biopolymer.

2023 June 29, Mike Edwards, “Collaboration leads to eco-friendly straw made with polyhydroxyalkanoate”, in CPECN:

(biochemistry) Any macromolecule of a living organism that is formed from the polymerization of smaller entities; a polymer that occurs in a living organism or results from life.


DME

(organic chemistry) Initialism of dimethyl ether.


diazene

en-noun

diazene (countable and uncountable, plural diazenes)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any azo compound derived from this simple compound


diazo

(organic chemistry) Containing a pair of double bonded nitrogen atoms, typically directly attached to an aryl group.


metathesis

metathesis (countable and uncountable, plural metatheses)

→ Malay: metatesis

Borrowed from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis), from μετά (metá, “among”) + θέσις (thésis, “placement”).

af

(organic chemistry) The breaking and reforming of double bonds in olefins in which substituent groups are swapped.

metateesi

the breaking and reforming of double bonds in olefins in which substituent groups are swapped


catenation

en-noun

catenation (countable and uncountable, plural catenations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-catenation.wav

(chemistry) The ability of a few elements, most especially carbon, to yield chains and rings by forming covalent bonds with atoms of the same element.


nitrogen fixation

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and organic derivatives, by natural means, especially such conversion, by microorganisms in the soil, into a form that can be assimilated by plants


nucleophilic substitution

nucleophilic substitution (plural nucleophilic substitutions)

substitution reaction
substitution reaction

(organic chemistry) in aliphatic organic chemistry, a form of substitution reaction in which the leaving functional group is replaced with a nucleophile


electrophilic substitution

electrophilic substitution (plural electrophilic substitutions)

(organic chemistry) in aromatic organic chemistry, a form of substitution reaction in which the leaving functional group (normally hydrogen) is replaced with an electrophile


SN1 reaction

nucleophilic substitution
nucleophilic substitution

(organic chemistry) a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction


SN2 reaction

(organic chemistry) a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction


(organic chemistry) The molecular formula for methane.


resonance effect

(organic chemistry) the mesomeric effect


mesomeric effect

(organic chemistry) the increased stability of organic compounds having alternate single and double bonds


cyclophane

(organic chemistry) A hydrocarbon consisting an aromatic unit (typically a benzene ring) and an aliphatic chain that forms a bridge between two positions of the aromatic ring; more complex derivatives (the superphanes) with multiple aromatic units and bridges forming cagelike structures are known.

(organic chemistry) Any cyclic structure used as a base phane in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds


tertiary amine

(organic chemistry) An amine, containing three radicals, of general formula R₁R₂R₃-N; the radicals may be the same, different, or part of a ring.


delocalization

delocalization (countable and uncountable, plural delocalizations)

(organic chemistry, quantum mechanics, physical chemistry) the phenomenon in which bonding electrons of some molecules serve to bind several atoms instead of just two; it is observed in metals and in aromatic and conjugated organic compounds


destructive distillation

destructive distillation (countable and uncountable, plural destructive distillations)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The heating of a material, such as coal or wood, in an inert atmosphere, at a high temperature such as to cause decomposition; the principal products include oils and tars from which many useful organic compounds may be obtained; town gas and coke were obtained in this way.


methylene

methylene (countable and uncountable, plural methylenes)

French méthylène, from Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu, “wine”) + ὕλη (húlē, “wood”).

polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate

(organic chemistry) The divalent group –CH₂– in which the free valencies are part of single bonds.

(organic chemistry) The same group, present as a repeating unit, in aliphatic compounds with names such as hexamethylenediamine.

(organic chemistry) The unstable carbene :CH₂


Diels-Alder reaction

Diels-Alder reaction (plural Diels-Alder reactions)

First described in 1928 by Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder.

(organic chemistry) The cycloaddition reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene to form a cyclohexene ring.


cycloaddition

cycloaddition (countable and uncountable, plural cycloadditions)

(organic chemistry) An addition reaction that leads to the formation of a cyclic product.


conjugated

en-adj

conjugated (comparative more conjugated, superlative most conjugated)

more conjugated (comparative)
most conjugated (superlative)

Inflected form of conjugate. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Konjugation, konjugieren, coined 1899 by German chemist Johannes Thiele.

sl

1991, J.-P. Aime, Structural Characterization of Conjugated Solutions, J. L. Brédas, R. Silbey (editors), Conjugated Polymers, Kluwer Academic, page 296,
A major interest in the study of conjugated polymers in solution is the opportunity to investigate the relation between electronic properties and conformational disorder in low dimensional materials.

2007, Kirk S. Schanze, Xiaoyong Zhao, 14: Structure-Property Relationships and Applications of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes, Terje A. Skotheim, John R. Reynolds (editors), Conjugated Polymers: Theory, Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization, Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 3rd Edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 14-3,
The concept first reported in 1995 centers on the use of a fluorescent conjugated polymer that is functionalized with receptor sites for a target analyte molecule.

2014, Enzo Montoneri, et al., Chapter 4: Food Wastes Conversion to Products for Use in Chemical and Environmental Technology, Material Science and Agriculture, Abbas Kazmi, Peter Shuttleworth (editors), Economic Utilisation of Food Co-Products, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC Publishing), page 81,
On the other hand, ¹O_2 is known to be a selective oxidant that reacts with electron-rich olefins, conjugated dienes, sulfides and phenols.

(organic chemistry, of an organic compound or part of such a compound) Containing one or more pairs of double bonds and/or lone pairs, each pair being separated by a single bond.


diene

(organic chemistry) An organic compound, especially a hydrocarbon, containing two double bonds.


dienophile

Diels-Alder reaction
Diels-Alder reaction

(organic chemistry) A compound that readily reacts with a diene; especially an alkene in the Diels-Alder reaction.


epoxide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound, cyclic ethers, having a three-membered ring; they are prepared by the selective oxidation of alkenes or by ring-closure of halohydrins; used to make plastics.

(organic chemistry) Any similar compound in which an ether linkage has been made across a larger ring.


episulphide

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of episulfide


halohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound having a hydroxyl functional group and a halogen on neighbouring carbon atoms.


unsaponifiable

(organic chemistry) Not able to be saponified


unsaponifiable

(organic chemistry, especially in plural) lipids (such as steroids) that are not glycerides and thus cannot be saponified


cracking

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) The thermal decomposition of a substance, especially that of crude petroleum in order to produce petrol / gasoline.


aza

"However, aza N-atoms (~N=) have to be counted, if they replace methine groups in the chain."

2003, Heinrich Zollinger, Color Chemistry, →ISBN, page 73:

(organic chemistry, attributive) A nitrogen atom substituted for a carbon atom within a ring.


co-

From Latin co-, allomorph of Latin con-.

codimer is any dimeric copolymer, copolypeptide is any polypeptide that is a copolymer, comonomer is any of a group of monomers that, when polymerized, form a copolymer

(organic chemistry) Referring to copolymers.


Fischer-Tropsch process

From Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch, German chemists.

(organic chemistry) The synthesis of hydrocarbons by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.


Friedel-Crafts reaction

en-noun

Friedel-Crafts reaction (plural Friedel-Crafts reactions)

(organic chemistry) a substitution reaction in which an alkyl or acyl functional group replaces a hydrogen atom of an aromatic nucleus; it is catalyzed by aluminium chloride


polyurethane

Firefighters were hampered by toxic fumes from polyurethane mattresses and overstuffed furniture.

1977 December 31, “One Person Dies in Castro Baths Fire”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 26, page 3:

(organic chemistry) Any of various polymeric resins containing urethane links; used in very many industrial and domestic applications.

聚氨酯

any of various polymeric resins containing urethane links


humic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a complex mixture of organic acids produced by the decomposition of vegetable matter.


CBD

CBD (countable and uncountable, plural CBDs or CBD's)

It’s hard to say the precise moment when CBD, the voguish cannabis derivative, went from being a fidget spinner alternative for stoners to a mainstream panacea.

2018 October 27, Alex Williams, “Why Is CBD Everywhere?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

“It is a kind of a new snake oil in the sense that there are a lot of claims and not so much evidence,” said Dustin Lee, an assistant professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Johns Hopkins University who is planning a human trial of CBD for use in quitting smoking.

2019 February 25, Roni Caryn Rabin, quoting Dustin Lee, “CBD Is Everywhere, but Scientists Still Don’t Know Much About It”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of cannabidiol.


carbo-

carbide, carbohydrate

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Representing carbon, carbonic, carbonyl, carbonylic, carboxyl or carboxylic.


oxo-

(organic chemistry) Having a methylene group replaced by a carbonyl group.


gunge

gunge (usually uncountable, plural gunges)

First attested around 1935–40. Probably an alteration of gunk.

They call this solid material tholin (after the Greek word for muddy), but it seems likely that chemists will continue to call this rather familiar material “gunge.”

11 January 1979, Dr Bernard Dixon (editor), "Grains between the stars account for spectra", in New Scientist


polychlorinated biphenyl

polychlorinated biphenyl (plural polychlorinated biphenyls)

Another environmental factor thought to be affecting some coastal birds, although comparatively little is yet known about its extent or origin, is the presence of marine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxic heavy metals.

1986, Valerie M. Thom, “Coastal habitats”, in Birds in Scotland, London: T & AD Poyser, published 2011, →ISBN, page 25:

The microbes devoured the chlorides in the earth; as metabolic byproducts, they produced toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). By the time the infestation was contained an area of nearly 30 square kilometers had been effectively turned into a toxic waste dump.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Nepyma:

persistent organic pollutant
persistent organic pollutant

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds formed by the chlorination of the hydrocarbon biphenyl; they have many industrial applications but are now considered persistent organic pollutants.


arsenate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of arsenic acid.


telluride

telluride (countable and uncountable, plural tellurides)

(countable, organic chemistry) Any organic compound of general formula R₂Te (R not = H), the tellurium analogues of ethers


DDD

DDD (countable and uncountable, plural DDDs)

Coordinate term: DDT

(organic chemistry) Initialism of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (“insecticide related to DDT”).


sulfo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sulfo-.wav


DCC

DCC (countable and uncountable, plural DCCs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.


aluminoxane

organometallic compound
organometallic compound

(organic chemistry) a class of organometallic compounds of aluminium having general formula R₂Al-O-AlR₂; they are used as catalysts in the polymerization of epoxides and oxetanes to form polyether elastomers.


Vandenberg catalyst

Vandenberg catalyst (plural Vandenberg catalysts)

From Edwin J. Vandenberg, American chemist.

(organic chemistry) An aluminoxane, prepared from an alkyl-aluminium and water, used as a catalyst in the manufacture of polyether elastomers.


polyether

(organic chemistry) a polymer, such as an elastomer, in which carbon atoms of the repeating units are joined by a single oxygen atom


disulfide

(organic chemistry) A functional group with two sulfur atoms bonded to one another, described by the following formula: R–S–S–R'.


Prevost reaction

Prevost reaction (plural Prevost reactions)

(organic chemistry) The trans oxidation of an alkene, to form a dihydric alcohol, catalyzed by iodine and silver benzoate.


benzoate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of benzoic acid.


azide

(organic chemistry) the univalent N₃ radical or functional group or any ester containing this group


alquilar

pt-verb

alquilar (first-person singular present alquilo, first-person singular preterite alquilei, past participle alquilado)

alquilo (first-person present singular)
alquilei (first-person preterite singular)
alquilado (participle past)
alquilar (impersonal infinitive)
alquilar (first-person infinitive singular)
alquilares (infinitive second-person singular)
alquilar (infinitive singular third-person)
alquilarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
alquilardes (infinitive plural second-person)
alquilarem (infinitive plural third-person)
alquilando (gerund)
alquilado (masculine participle past singular)
alquilados (masculine participle past plural)
alquilada (feminine participle past singular)
alquiladas (feminine participle past plural)
alquilo (first-person indicative present singular)
alquilas (indicative present second-person singular)
alquila (indicative present singular third-person)
alquilamos (first-person indicative plural present)
alquilais (indicative plural present second-person)
alquilam (indicative plural present third-person)
alquilava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
alquilavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
alquilava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
alquilávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
alquiláveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
alquilavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
alquilei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
alquilaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
alquilou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
alquilamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
alquilámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
alquilastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
alquilaram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
alquilara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
alquilaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
alquilara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
alquiláramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
alquiláreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
alquilaram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
alquilarei (first-person future indicative singular)
alquilarás (future indicative second-person singular)
alquilará (future indicative singular third-person)
alquilaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
alquilareis (future indicative plural second-person)
alquilarão (future indicative plural third-person)
alquilaria (conditional first-person singular)
alquilarias (conditional second-person singular)
alquilaria (conditional singular third-person)
alquilaríamos (conditional first-person plural)
alquilaríeis (conditional plural second-person)
alquilariam (conditional plural third-person)
alquile (first-person present singular subjunctive)
alquiles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
alquile (present singular subjunctive third-person)
alquilemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
alquileis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
alquilem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
alquilasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
alquilasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
alquilasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
alquilássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
alquilásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
alquilassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
alquilar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
alquilares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
alquilar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
alquilarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
alquilardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
alquilarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
alquila (imperative second-person singular)
alquile (imperative singular third-person)
alquilemos (first-person imperative plural)
alquilai (imperative plural second-person)
alquilem (imperative plural third-person)
não alquiles (imperative negative second-person singular)
não alquile (imperative negative singular third-person)
não alquilemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não alquileis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não alquilem (imperative negative plural third-person)

(organic chemistry) to alkylate (to add an alkyl group to a compound)


malic

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to malic acid or its derivatives.


triglyceride

/tɹaɪˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/

(organic chemistry) A lipid, an ester of glycerol and three fatty acids (the same or different); the major constituent of animal and vegetable fats


monoglyceride

/ˌmɒnəʊˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/

(organic chemistry) a lipid, an ester of glycerol and one fatty acid (in the 1- or 2- positions)


diglyceride

(organic chemistry) a lipid, an ester of glycerol and two fatty acids (the same or different, in the 1,2 or 1,3 positions)


thiol

(organic chemistry) A univalent organic radical (-SH) containing a sulphur and a hydrogen atom; a compound containing such a radical.


-ol

-ol (nominative singular)
-ole (nominative plural)
-ola (genitive singular)
-oli (genitive plural)
-olowi (dative singular)
-olom (dative plural)
-ola (accusative singular)
-oli (accusative plural)
-olem (instrumental singular)
-olami (instrumental plural)
-olu (locative singular)
-olach (locative plural)
-olu (singular vocative)
-ole (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry) forms names of alcohols


organoborane

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing a carbon-to-boron bond.


organic compound

en-noun

organic compound (plural organic compounds)

Not only are organic compounds essential to living organisms, but the common belief until the 19th century was that only living organisms could produce them, whence the name. When it was shown in the early 1800s that they could also be produced in the laboratory, the old name was kept.

Meteorites contain a wide range of organic compounds.

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing carbon atoms covalently bound to other atoms.

List of organic_compounds on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


hydrocracking

hydrocracking (usually uncountable, plural hydrocrackings)

(organic chemistry) The production of high-octane petroleum fuel and kerosene by hydrogenating large or complex hydrocarbons and then cracking them.