mortar

en-noun

mortar (countable and uncountable, plural mortars)

→ Indonesian: mortar

From Middle English morter, from Old French mortier, from Latin mortārium. Doublet of mortarium.

The holy hearth! If any earthly and material thing, or rather a divine idea embodied in brick and mortar, might be supposed to possess the permanence of moral truth, it was this.

1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Fire Worship”, in Mosses from an Old Manse:

(uncountable) A mixture of lime or cement, sand and water used for bonding building blocks.

раство́р

строительный, цементный

(countable) A hollow vessel used to pound, crush, rub, grind or mix ingredients with a pestle.

(countable, military, historical) A short, heavy, large-bore cannon designed for indirect fire at very steep trajectories.

(countable, military) A relatively lightweight, often portable indirect fire weapon which transmits recoil to a base plate and is designed to lob explosive shells at very steep trajectories.

هَاوُن

lightweight indirect fire weapon which transmits recoil to a base plate

(countable) In paper milling, a trough in which material is hammered.


skew

From Old French escu, from Latin scūtum.

A segment of carved stone to cover a gable with.


concrete

en-adj

concrete (comparative concreter, superlative concretest)

concreter (comparative)
concretest (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin concrētus, past participle of concrescō (to curdle) from con- (with, together) + crescō (to grow, rise).

(category theory, of a category) Analogous to the categories of algebraic objects which category theory was created to generalize, in the sense of having objects which can be thought of as sets equipped with some additional structure. Formally, equipped with a faithful functor to the category of sets.

The office building had concrete flower boxes out front.

Few people passed. The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses.

1904–1907 (date written), James Joyce, “Eveline”, in Dubliners, London: Grant Richards, published June 1914, →OCLC, page 42:

I took the stairs down to the communal area and stood resting against a concrete pillar, watching my "brother" kick up little scraps of half-frozen turf.

2016, Zadie Smith, Swing Time, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 46:

The video images of him banging on the concrete walls of his cell are wretched. The story of Ivan's plight was covered by everyone from People Magazine to the New York Times, who reported on the "sulking gorilla with matted hair" trapped in his concrete prison.

2020 August 21, Martin Chilton, “The tragedy of Ivan, the ’shopping mall gorilla’ who drove America wild”, in Chris Evans, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-12-09:

(not comparable) Made of concrete (building material).


concrete

en-noun

concrete (countable and uncountable, plural concretes)

Whence follows, that the Abſtract Terms, [Entity] or [Eſſence] do properly ſignify [A Capacity of Being.] Tho' Entity is often us'd as a Concrete for the Thing it ſelf.

1697, J[ohn] S[ergeant], Solid Philosophy Asserted Against the Fancies of the Ideists: […], London: […] Roger Clavil […] Abel Roper […] Thomas Metcalf, […], page 91:

Conceptualization is man's method of organizing sensory material. To form a concept, one isolates two or more similar concretes from the rest of one's perceptual field, and integrates them into a single mental unit, symbolized by a word.

1982, Leonard Peikoff, The Ominous Parallels: The End of Freedom in America, New York, N.Y.: Stein and Day/Publishers, →ISBN, page 331:

With regard to the physical domain, concretes are as a rule perceived through the senses.

However, how can such a structure of concretes and abstracts be made evident, which after all means that knowledge always aims at the concrete, the unprecedented, the irreducibly dissimilar, although cognition always happens in developing similarity through abstraction?

1997, Joseph A. Bracken, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, editors, Trinity in Process: A Relational Theology of God, New York, N.Y.: Continuum, →ISBN, page 154:

On the right-hand sides we have sentences asserting that an equivalence relation holds between concretes—that is, that they are identical in some respect.

2009, Alan Musgrave, “Pleonastic Platonism”, in Heather Dyke, editor, From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, pages 79–80:

(logic) A term designating both a quality and the subject in which it exists; a concrete term.

The concrete is made by ingredients which are to remove the feculencies from the cane-juice as soon as expressed from the mill and which check fermentation; indeed juice may be kept for a week after the canes have been gruond, without turning acid, when these ingredients have been used.

1848, The Sugar Question: […], Part II, London: Smith, Elder and Co., page 115:

Also molasses in the definition refers only to the product separated from the various sugar concretes specified in the purification of these raw sugars, while in trade terms what is defined under sugar cane syrup in the standards is often called molasses, the term "open kettle molasses" being used in this connection to indicate that the cane juice has been simply boiled down in open kettles.

1910 August 18, Edward W[iley] Duckwall, “Semi-Monthly Report of National Canners' Laboratory”, in The Canner and Dried Fruit Packer, volume XXXI, number 6, Chicago, I.L.: The Canner Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24:

In some areas of the Far East, for example, factories producing sugar concrete may process as little as one ton of sugar cane per day and a total of not over 100 tons of sugar cane per year. From this we go to the other extreme where factories in the West Indies and Mexico process as much as 20,000 tons of sugar cane per day and 2 to 3 million tons of sugar cane per year.

1959, An Industrial Waste Guide to the Cane Sugar Industry, page 1:

Maple sugar is crystallized from the concentrated sap of maple. Maple concrete can be purchased and water added to make maple syrup.

1975, Lendal H[enry] Kotschevar, Quantity Food Purchasing, second edition, New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 352:

(possibly obsolete) Sugar boiled down from cane juice to a solid mass.


tin

Borrowed from English tin, from Old English tin, from Proto-Germanic *tiną.


brick

brick (countable and uncountable, plural bricks)

⇒ Welsh: brics

From late Middle English brik, bryke, bricke, from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bricke ("cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch brik), ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *brekan (“to break”), whence also Old French briche and French brique (“brick”). Compare also German Low German Brickje (“small board, tray”). Related to break.

gloss

"cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">brik</i>

cog

(informal) A power brick; an external power supply consisting of a small box with an integral male power plug and an attached electric cord terminating in another power plug.


brick

en-verb

brick (third-person singular simple present bricks, present participle bricking, simple past and past participle bricked)

bricks (present singular third-person)
bricking (participle present)
bricked (participle past)
bricked (past)

unbrick

technology, slang: revert a device to the operational state

The plant, which is here described, for bricking fine ores and flue dust, was designed and the plans produced in the engineering department of the Selby smelter.

1904 September 15, James C. Bennett, Walter Renton Ingalls (editor), Lead Smelting and Refining with Some Notes on Lead Mining (1906), The Engineering and Mining Journal, page 66

My VCR was bricked during the lightning storm.

(transitive, computing slang) To make an electronic device nonfunctional and usually beyond repair, essentially making it no more useful than a brick.


cement

en-noun

cement (countable and uncountable, plural cements)

→ Arabic: أَسْمَنْت (ʔasmant)

→ Chinese:

q

Mandarin: 水門汀 /水门汀 (shuǐméntīng) (chiefly Southwestern, Northeastern, and Jianghuai)

Wu: 水門汀 /水门汀 (⁵sy-men-thin)

→ Fiji Hindi: simit

→ Irish: suimint

→ Japanese: セメント (semento)

→ Kashubian: cymańt (Canada)

→ Korean: 시멘트 (simenteu)

→ Malay: simen

→ Punjabi: ਸੀਮਿੰਟ (sīmiṇṭ)

→ Swahili: simiti, sementi

→ Thai: ซีเมนต์ (sii-men)

→ Tok Pisin: simen

→ Welsh: sment

From Middle English syment, cyment, from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum (“quarry stone; stone chips for making mortar”), from caedō (“I cut, hew”). Doublet of cementum.

derived

(uncountable) Any material with strong adhesive and cohesive properties such as binding agents, glues, grout.

liima

any material with strong adhesive and cohesive properties


cement

cement (nominative singular)
cementy (nominative plural)
cementu (genitive singular)
cementů (genitive plural)
cementu (dative singular)
cementům (dative plural)
cement (accusative singular)
cementy (accusative plural)
cemente (singular vocative)
cementy (plural vocative)
cementu (locative singular)
cementě (locative singular)
cementech (locative plural)
cementem (instrumental singular)
cementy (instrumental plural)


cement

cement (nominative singular)
cementu (genitive singular)
cementowi (dative singular)
cement (accusative singular)
cementem (instrumental singular)
cemencie (locative singular)
cemencie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Zement, from late Middle High German cēment, from earlier zīment, zīmente, from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum.


cement

cement (indefinite nominative singular)
cements (genitive indefinite singular)
cementen (definite nominative singular)
cementens (definite genitive singular)


砼

Coined by Chinese architect Cai Fangyin in 1953.
The glyph is a compound of 人工石 (“man-made stone”). Pronunciation is from 仝 (tóng), treated as the phonetic component of the glyph. Serendipitously, the pronunciation also resembles the word for “concrete” in some European languages; cf. French béton, German Beton, Russian бето́н (betón).


磚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tjon): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).

Han compound

(electronic devices) to become unfunctional

變磚

变砖

(computing slang, figurative) brick (an electronic device, especially a heavy box-shaped one, that has become non-functional or obsolete)


plywood

en-noun

plywood (usually uncountable, plural plywoods)

→ Swedish: plywood

Audio (US)

After the hurricane there was a severe regional shortage of plywood, especially exterior plywood.

(uncountable) Construction material supplied in sheets, and made of three or more layers of wood veneer glued together, laid up with alternating layers having their grain perpendicular to each other.


plywood

plywood (indefinite nominative singular)
plywoods (genitive indefinite singular)
plywooden (definite nominative singular)
plywoodens (definite genitive singular)

From English plywood, used in Swedish since 1925.


tile

en-verb

tile (third-person singular simple present tiles, present participle tiling, simple past and past participle tiled)

tiles (present singular third-person)
tiling (participle present)
tiled (participle past)
tiled (past)

From Middle English tile, tyle, tigel, tiȝel, teȝele, from Old English tieġle, tiġle, tiġele (“tile; brick”), from Proto-West Germanic *tigulā, from Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ (“tile”), from Latin tēgula. Doublet of tegula.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tichel (“tile”), West Frisian teil, tegel, tichel (“tile”), Dutch tichel, tegel (“tile”), German Ziegel (“brick; tile”), Danish tegl (“brick”), Swedish tegel (“brick; tile”), Icelandic tigl (“tile; brick”).

(computing theory) To optimize (a loop in program code) by means of the tiling technique.


lumber

en-noun

lumber (usually uncountable, plural lumbers)

Exact origin unknown. The earliest recorded reference was to heavy, useless objects such as old, discarded furniture. Perhaps from the verb lumber in reference to meaning "awkward to move"; Online Etymological Dictionary thinks this may derive from the same root as lame. Possibly influenced by Lumbar, an obsolete variant of Lombard, the Italian immigrant class known for being pawnbrokers and money-lenders in early England. Compare English lumpish.


cob

cob (countable and uncountable, plural cobs)

Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.

inh

The poore Cotager contenteth himſelfe with Cob for his wals, and Thatch for his couering….

1602, Richard Carew, The Svrvey of Cornwall, new edition (1769), page 53

The walls are of cob, the external ones being about 2 feet 8 inches thick, and rest on a stone foundation.

1889, T. N. Brushfield, "The Birthplace of Sir Walter Raleigh", in Reports and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art, volume XXI, W. Brendon & Son, page 323

…cob falls outside the building code, so planners would want documentation of how the adobelike material performs.

2007 October 6, Cecelia Goodnow, “Thinking of Building a Cob Home?”, in The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, page E8:

Some tests have been carried out to evaluate the stabilizing effect on cob of modern materials such as gypsum, lime and cement (McPadden & Pavia 2016).

2018, Ine Wouters, Stephanie van de Voorde, Inge Bertels, Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, volume 2, page 790:

(uncountable) A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth, similar to adobe; also called cobb, rammed earth or pisé.

кирпич

building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth


papa

papa (nominative singular)
papy (nominative plural)
papy (genitive singular)
pap (genitive plural)
papie (dative singular)
papom (dative plural)
papę (accusative singular)
papy (accusative plural)
papą (instrumental singular)
papami (instrumental plural)
papie (locative singular)
papach (locative plural)
papo (singular vocative)
papy (plural vocative)


materia

la-noun

māteria f (genitive māteriae); first declension

māteria (canonical feminine)
māteriae (genitive)
māteria (nominative singular)
māteriae (nominative plural)
māteriae (genitive singular)
māteriārum (genitive plural)
māteriae (dative singular)
māteriīs (dative plural)
māteriam (accusative singular)
māteriās (accusative plural)
māteriā (ablative singular)
māteriīs (ablative plural)
māteria (singular vocative)
māteriae (plural vocative)

Asturian: madera, materia

→ Franco-Provençal: matièri

→ Old French: matere

French: matière

desctree

→ Middle Dutch: materie
Dutch: materie
Negerhollands: materie, matering
→ Indonesian: materi

→ Middle English: matere

English: matter

Scots: matter

→ German: Materie

Hunsrik: Materje

→ Italian: materia

Old Francoprovençal: maieiri

Old Galician-Portuguese: madeira

Fala: madeira, maeira, meira

Galician: madeira

Portuguese: madeira

→ Portuguese: matéria (learned)

→ Romanian: materie

→ Russian: мате́рия (matérija), мате́рія (matérija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: материя (materiä)

Sicilian: matera, matèria

Old Spanish: madera

Spanish: madera

→ Spanish: materia

→ Swedish: materia

→ Turkish: öğe (calque)

[mäːˈt̪ɛriä]

[mäˈt̪ɛːriä]

Traditionally derived from māter (“mother, at least in the sense of 'source'”) + -ia, in which case cognate with Old Armenian մայր (mayr, “cedar”) and մայրի (mayri, “forest”). More recently, referred to Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build”). Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, matter”), introduced by Cicero.

sl

Et vellem, herculēs, māteriam repperīrem aliquam quam deus tantus affluenter indueret.

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 2.31

And, by Hercules, I would like to find [clothing] material that such a great god could wear in flowing folds.

matter; material; component stuff; substance


massa

From Old Galician-Portuguese massa, from Latin massa (“mass; dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “bread”), from μάσσω (mássō, “to handle; to knead”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ-.

(construction) mortar (mixture for bonding bricks)


odo

Cognate with Igbo odō and Edo odó, equivalent to o- (“nominalizing prefix”) + dó (“to pound”)

af

Níbo ni àwọn odó tí a máa ń lò láti gún iyán?.

Where are the pounding mortars that we use to pound yam?

Wọ́n ń gún iyán nínú odó.

2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:

They were pounding pounded yam food in a pounding mortar.

odókódó

any pounding mortar or a bad pounding mortar

olódó

a seller, owner, bearer or maker of mortars


les

lȇs (canonical masculine)
ле̑с (Cyrillic)
lȇs (nominative singular)
lésovi (nominative plural)
lesa (genitive singular)
lésōvā (genitive plural)
lesu (dative singular)
lesovima (dative plural)
les (accusative singular)
lesove (accusative plural)
lese (singular vocative)
lesovi (plural vocative)
lesu (locative singular)
lesovima (locative plural)
lesom (instrumental singular)
lesovima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”).


les

lẹ̑s (canonical inanimate masculine)
lẹ̑s (nominative singular)
lesȏva (dual nominative)
lesȏvi (nominative plural)
lesȃ (genitive singular)
lesóv (dual genitive)
lesóv (genitive plural)
lẹ̑su (dative singular)
lẹ̑si (dative singular)
lesȏvoma (dative dual)
lesȏvama (dative dual)
lesȏvom (dative plural)
lẹ̑sȏvam (dative plural)
lẹ̑s (accusative singular)
lesȏva (accusative dual)
lesȏve (accusative plural)
lẹ̑su (locative singular)
lẹ̑si (locative singular)
lesȏvih (dual locative)
lesȏvih (locative plural)
lẹ̑som (instrumental singular)
lesȏvoma (dual instrumental)
lesȏvama (dual instrumental)
lesȏvi (instrumental plural)
lẹ̑s (singular vocative)
lesȏva (dual vocative)
lesȏvi (plural vocative)
lẹ̑s (nominative singular)
lẹ̑sa (dual nominative)
lẹ̑si (nominative plural)
lẹ̑sa (genitive singular)
lẹ̑sov (dual genitive)
lẹ̑sov (genitive plural)
lẹ̑su (dative singular)
lẹ̑si (dative singular)
lẹ̑soma (dative dual)
lẹ̑sama (dative dual)
lẹ̑som (dative plural)
lẹ̑sam (dative plural)
lẹ̑s (accusative singular)
lẹ̑sa (accusative dual)
lẹ̑se (accusative plural)
lẹ̑su (locative singular)
lẹ̑si (locative singular)
lẹ̑sih (dual locative)
lẹ̑sah (dual locative)
lẹ̑sih (locative plural)
lẹ̑sah (locative plural)
lẹ̑som (instrumental singular)
lẹ̑soma (dual instrumental)
lẹ̑sama (dual instrumental)
lẹ̑si (instrumental plural)
lẹ̑s (singular vocative)
lẹ̑sa (dual vocative)
lẹ̑si (plural vocative)

sl-infl-noun

no

no

(usually in the plural, archaic or literary) forest, woods


lapis

la-noun

lapis m (genitive lapidis); third declension

lapidis (genitive)
lapis (nominative singular)
lapidēs (nominative plural)
lapidis (genitive singular)
lapidum (genitive plural)
lapidī (dative singular)
lapidibus (dative plural)
lapidem (accusative singular)
lapidēs (accusative plural)
lapide (ablative singular)
lapidibus (ablative plural)
lapis (singular vocative)
lapidēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *lapets. May be connected with Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), either from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”) (compare secō, saxum; rumpō, rupēs) or, more likely, a Mediterranean substrate language.

cog

et lapis iste quem erexi in titulum vocabitur Domus Dei

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Genesis 28:22:

And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house


clapboard

(film) A clapper board; a device used in film production, having hinged boards that are brought together with a clap, used to synchronize picture and sound at the start of each take of a motion picture or other video production.


later

la-noun

later m (genitive lateris); third declension

lateris (genitive)
later (nominative singular)
laterēs (nominative plural)
lateris (genitive singular)
laterum (genitive plural)
laterī (dative singular)
lateribus (dative plural)
laterem (accusative singular)
laterēs (accusative plural)
latere (ablative singular)
lateribus (ablative plural)
later (singular vocative)
laterēs (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”), or from *stelh₃- (“broad”) (in which case latus (“side, flank”) would be its neuter form).


plumbum

plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension

plumbī (genitive)
plumbum (nominative singular)
plumba (nominative plural)
plumbī (genitive singular)
plumbōrum (genitive plural)
plumbō (dative singular)
plumbīs (dative plural)
plumbum (accusative singular)
plumba (accusative plural)
plumbō (ablative singular)
plumbīs (ablative plural)
plumbum (singular vocative)
plumba (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu

Romanian: plumb

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: piombu

Italian: piombo

Neapolitan: chiummo

Sicilian: chiummu

Padanian:

Emilian: piòmb

Friulian: plomp, plomb

Ligurian: cióngio

Lombard: piomb, piom

Piedmontese: piomb

Romagnol: piòmb

Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m

Venetan: piònbo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: plomb

Middle French: plomb

French: plomb ⇒ plombe

→ German: Plombe

→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme

English: plumb

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: plom

→? Asturian: plomu, plombu

q

→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)

Occitan: plomb

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: plomo, plom

Ribagorçan: pllom

Galician: chumbo

Portuguese: chumbo → prumo (semi-learned)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: plumb

→ English: plumbum

→ German: Plumbum

→ Limburgish: plómb

→ Malay: plumbum

→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum

Middle Welsh: plwm

Welsh: plwm

[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]

Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.


brickie

(British, New Zealand, Australia, slang) A bricklayer.


adobe

[ʔɐˈd̪oː.bɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish adobe, from Arabic اَلطُّوب (aṭ-ṭūb), from Sahidic Coptic ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe, “brick”), from Demotic  (tb, “brick”), from Egyptian Db-b-t:O39 (ḏbt, “brick, block, ingot”).

Arabic اَلطُّوب (aṭ-ṭūb)


beam

bēam (canonical masculine)
bēam (nominative singular)
bēamas (nominative plural)
bēam (accusative singular)
bēamas (accusative plural)
bēames (genitive singular)
bēama (genitive plural)
bēame (dative singular)
bēamum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: beem, beam, bem, beme, beume, beam, beame (Northern), beam, beom (Early Middle English)
English: beam
→ German: beamen
→ Japanese: ビーム
→ Dutch: beamen
Scots: beam
Yola: baam


thatch

en-noun

thatch (countable and uncountable, plural thatches)

Variant of thack, from Middle English thache, thach, from Old English þæc (“roof-covering”), from Proto-West Germanic *þak, from Proto-Germanic *þaką (“covering”), from (o-grade of) Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“cover”).
Cognate with Icelandic þak, Dutch dak, German Dach, Norwegian tak, Swedish tak, Danish tag; and with Latin toga, Albanian thak (“awn, beard, pin, peg, tassel, fringe”), Lithuanian stogas (“roof”). Related to Ancient Greek τέγος (tégos, “roof”) and στέγη (stégē, “roof”). See also English deech, deck.

cog

Just over halfway up, we reached the Human settlement with its houses of stone and wood and thatch. This was a prewar place.

1989, Octavia E. Butler, “Part III, Chapter 7”, in Imago, page 210:

Straw, rushes, or similar, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.


лес

ле̑с (canonical masculine)
lȇs (romanization)
ле̑с (nominative singular)
ле́сови (nominative plural)
леса (genitive singular)
ле́со̄ва̄ (genitive plural)
лесу (dative singular)
лесовима (dative plural)
лес (accusative singular)
лесове (accusative plural)
лесе (singular vocative)
лесови (plural vocative)
лесу (locative singular)
лесовима (locative plural)
лесом (instrumental singular)
лесовима (instrumental plural)


plaster

en-noun

plaster (countable and uncountable, plural plasters)

From Middle English plaster, plastre, from Old English plaster, from late Latin plastrum, shortened from Classical Latin emplastrum (“a plaster, bandage”); later reinforced by Anglo-Norman plastre.
The verb is from Middle English plastren, from the noun.

(countable) A cast made of plaster of Paris and gauze; a plaster cast.


доска

ru-noun+

доска́ • (doská) f inan (genitive доски́, nominative plural до́ски, genitive plural до́сок or досо́к^*, diminutive доще́чка) (* uncommon)

доска́ (canonical)
doská (romanization)
доски́ (genitive)
до́ски (nominative plural)
до́сок (genitive plural)
досо́к^* (genitive plural)
доще́чка (diminutive)
доска́ (nominative singular)
до́ски (nominative plural)
доски́ (genitive singular)
до́сок (genitive plural)
досо́к (genitive plural)
доске́ (dative singular)
до́скам (dative plural)
доска́м (dative plural)
доску́ (accusative singular)
до́ску (accusative singular)
до́ски (accusative plural)
доско́й (instrumental singular)
доско́ю (instrumental singular)
до́сками (instrumental plural)
доска́ми (instrumental plural)
доске́ (prepositional singular)
до́сках (plural prepositional)
доска́х (plural prepositional)
доска́ (dated nominative singular)
до́ски (dated nominative plural)
доски́ (dated genitive singular)
до́сокъ (dated genitive plural)
досо́къ (dated genitive plural)
доскѣ́ (dated dative singular)
до́скамъ (dated dative plural)
доска́мъ (dated dative plural)
доску́ (accusative dated singular)
до́ску (accusative dated singular)
до́ски (accusative dated plural)
доско́й (dated instrumental singular)
доско́ю (dated instrumental singular)
до́сками (dated instrumental plural)
доска́ми (dated instrumental plural)
доскѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
до́скахъ (dated plural prepositional)
доска́хъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: doska

→ Yakut: дуоска (duoska)

→ Yup'ik: tuskaq

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dъska, from Proto-Germanic *diskuz, borrowed from Latin discus. See there for details.

обрезна́я доска́

стро́ганая доска́

от доски́ до доски́ ― ot doskí do doskí ― from cover to cover (literally, “from pasteboard to pasteboard”)


bricks and mortar

brick and mortar
brick and mortar#English


bela

bela (nominative singular)
bele (nominative plural)
beli (genitive singular)
beli (genitive plural)
bel (genitive plural)
beli (dative singular)
belom (dative plural)
belę (accusative singular)
bele (accusative plural)
belą (instrumental singular)
belami (instrumental plural)
beli (locative singular)
belach (locative plural)
belo (singular vocative)
bele (plural vocative)

bale (a rounded bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation)


stretcher

The jointed stretcher is used in place of the sectional bottom board, with two sideboards, one each side of stretcher. The boat set up this way only weights 20 pounds, and makes a very convenient boat for trout-fishing, duck-hunting, or exploring in ponds or streams where the paddle will do as well as the oars.

1884, J. W. Collins, Bulletin of the United States National Museum: Great International Fisheries Exhibition, page 703:

Directly the oar has been disengaged from the water, all pressure on the stretcher ceases, and the strain of the recovery of the body is eased by a slight pull with the feet on the straps of the stretcher.

1900, Alfred Edward Thomas Watson, The Young Sportsman, page 479:

Betwean each beam of the boat is also fastened a piece of timber called a stretcher or footspur, against which they place their feet when rowing, to enable them to have a more complete command of their oar.

1909, Samuel McSkimin, The History and Antiquities of the County of the Town of Carrickfergus, from the Earliest Records Till 1839, page 362:

Each rower's feet are set in shoes which are secured in the boat in a stretcher (or foot board) set into a fixed position to suit the length of the rower's legs.

2003, J. Alswang, The South African Dictionary of Sport, page 203:

[…] these seem to indicate a thwart, foot-timber (stretcher), thole-pin combination for rowing.

2014, Sean Mcgrail, Ancient Boats in North-West Europe, page 80:

(nautical) A board against which a rower places his feet.

jalkatuki

nautical: board against which a rower places his feet


wattle and daub

A structure of interwoven branches and twigs plastered with mud, clay or dung, used in the construction of dwellings, especially as infill in a half-timbered wall


brick red

Of a warm brownish-red colour similar to that of red clay bricks.


java

java (nominative singular)
javas (nominative plural)
javu (accusative singular)
javas (accusative plural)
javas (genitive singular)
javu (genitive plural)
javai (dative singular)
javām (dative plural)
javu (instrumental singular)
javām (instrumental plural)
javā (locative singular)
javās (locative plural)
java (singular vocative)
javas (plural vocative)

(construction) mortar (building material)


lapis lazuli

la-noun

lapis lazulī m (genitive lapidis lazulī); third declension

lapis lazulī (canonical masculine)
lapidis lazulī (genitive)
lapis lazulī (nominative singular)
lapidēs lazulī (nominative plural)
lapidis lazulī (genitive singular)
lapidum lazulī (genitive plural)
lapidī lazulī (dative singular)
lapidibus lazulī (dative plural)
lapidem lazulī (accusative singular)
lapidēs lazulī (accusative plural)
lapide lazulī (ablative singular)
lapidibus lazulī (ablative plural)
lapis lazulī (singular vocative)
lapidēs lazulī (plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪äpɪs̠ ˈɫ̪äz̪d̪͡z̪ʊlʲiː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lep-
Proto-Italic *lapets
Latin lapis
Persian لاژورد
Classical Persian لَاجَوَرْد (lājaward)bor.
Arabic لََازُوَرْد (laāzuward)bor.
Latin lazulum
Latin lapis lazulī
Compound of lapis (“stone”) + lazulum (“heaven”).

etymon

lapis lazulī


malter

malterek (plural)
malter (nominative singular)
malterek (nominative plural)
maltert (accusative singular)
maltereket (accusative plural)
malternek (dative singular)
maltereknek (dative plural)
malterrel (instrumental singular)
malterekkel (instrumental plural)
malterért (causal-final singular)
malterekért (causal-final plural)
malterré (singular translative)
malterekké (plural translative)
malterig (singular terminative)
malterekig (plural terminative)
malterként (essive-formal singular)
malterekként (essive-formal plural)
malterben (inessive singular)
malterekben (inessive plural)
malteren (singular superessive)
maltereken (plural superessive)
malternél (adessive singular)
maltereknél (adessive plural)
malterbe (illative singular)
malterekbe (illative plural)
malterre (singular sublative)
malterekre (plural sublative)
malterhez (allative singular)
malterekhez (allative plural)
malterből (elative singular)
malterekből (elative plural)
malterről (delative singular)
malterekről (delative plural)
maltertől (ablative singular)
malterektől (ablative plural)
malteré (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
maltereké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
malteréi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
malterekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
malterem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
maltereim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
maltered (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
maltereid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
maltere (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
malterei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
malterünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
maltereink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
malteretek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
maltereitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
malterük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
maltereik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Bavarian and Austrian German German Malter, a metathetic variant of standard German Mörtel, in turn from Latin mortarium. First attested in Hungarian in 1787.

mortar (mixture of lime or cement, sand and water)

mozsár

mortar; a hollow vessel used to pound, crush, rub, grind or mix ingredients with a pestle


bitumen

bitumen (nominative singular)
bitumeny (nominative plural)
bitumenu (genitive singular)
bitumenów (genitive plural)
bitumenowi (dative singular)
bitumenom (dative plural)
bitumen (accusative singular)
bitumeny (accusative plural)
bitumenem (instrumental singular)
bitumenami (instrumental plural)
bitumenie (locative singular)
bitumenach (locative plural)
bitumenie (singular vocative)
bitumeny (plural vocative)


clinker

en-noun

clinker (countable and uncountable, plural clinkers)

From Dutch klinkaerd, later klinker, from klinken (“to ring, resound”).

An intermediate product in the manufacture of Portland cement, obtained by sintering limestone and alumino-silicate materials such as clay into nodules in a cement kiln.


corrugated iron

A special reserved enclosure with sandbags and a corrugated iron roof was set aside for three members of the Royal Family.

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:

An iron sheet building material, usually galvanised, which has been pressed into corrugations.


tarpaper

tarpaper (countable and uncountable, plural tarpapers)

A heavy paper, coated with tar, used to waterproof walls and roofs.


材木

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ mʊk̚²/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ mʊk̚²/


asphalt concrete

asphalt concrete (countable and uncountable, plural asphalt concretes)

A material often used for road surfacing, composed of a hard, granular material such as crushed stone combined with asphalt as a binder. (Often clipped elliptically as asphalt.)


breeze-block

From breeze (“residue from a furnace”) + block.

com

(UK) A lightweight building block made from cinders and concrete.


gips

gipsowy (adjective)
gips (nominative singular)
gipsy (nominative plural)
gipsu (genitive singular)
gipsów (genitive plural)
gipsowi (dative singular)
gipsom (dative plural)
gips (accusative singular)
gipsy (accusative plural)
gipsem (instrumental singular)
gipsami (instrumental plural)
gipsie (locative singular)
gipsach (locative plural)
gipsie (singular vocative)
gipsy (plural vocative)


red brick university

en-noun

red brick university (plural red brick universities)

From the memoir Redbrick University by Edgar Allison Peers, whose titular university is based on the University of Liverpool. Liverpool, like most urban universities of the late-19th and early-20th centuries, extensively uses red clay bricks in its architecture.

It took a while before he told me his background: a happy childhood; two degrees—a bachelor's from a red brick university and an Oxbridge PhD; a relatively high-flying job in academia that he liked rather than loved.

2006 March 31, Adrian Turpin, “Not tonight darling, I'm online”, in Financial Times, retrieved 2006-03-31:

(British) Any traditional British university other than Oxford or Cambridge, especially one founded in the Victorian age in a large city.

Edgar Allison Peers
University of Liverpool
red brick university


kram

nl-noun

kram f (plural krammen, diminutive krammetje n)

krammen (plural)
krammetje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Papiamentu: kramchi, kranchi, kramtsje (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch cramme, from Middle Dutch crimmen (“to catch, grab (with claws)”), from Proto-West Germanic *krimman.

der

staple (U-shaped metal fastener to bind materials together, for example to attach fence wire to posts)


drywall

en-noun

drywall (countable and uncountable, plural drywalls)

A stone wall constructed without mortar or cement.


tegel

tegel (indefinite nominative singular)
tegels (genitive indefinite singular)
teglet (definite nominative singular)
teglets (definite genitive singular)
tegel (indefinite nominative plural)
tegels (genitive indefinite plural)
teglen (definite nominative plural)
teglens (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish tighl, from Old Norse tigl, from Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ.
Same as Icelandic tigl, Danish tegel, Old English tigele, English tile, Middle Low German tegel, German Ziegel, Latin tegula, a form of tegere (“to cover”) (a roof with tiles), relating to Swedish tak (“roof”) and täcka (“to cover”). Thus, it was first used for roof tiles, later for wall bricks.
Brick building was introduced in Scandinavia with the cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark (started in the 1170s), and later led to the "Brick Gothic" (Backsteingothik) in Scandinavia and Northern Germany.

huset är gjort av tegel

taket är täckt med tegel

the roof is covered with (brick, clay) tiles

brick (burned clay, the material, used for roof tiles and bricks), tiles


Ziegel

de-noun

Ziegel m (strong, genitive Ziegels, plural Ziegel)

Ziegel (less common) f (genitive Ziegel, plural Ziegeln)

Ziegels (genitive)
Ziegel (plural)
Ziegel (genitive)
Ziegeln (plural)
Ziegel (nominative singular)
Ziegel (definite nominative plural)
Ziegels (genitive singular)
Ziegel (definite genitive plural)
Ziegel (dative singular)
Ziegeln (dative definite plural)
Ziegel (accusative singular)
Ziegel (accusative definite plural)
Ziegel (nominative singular)
Ziegeln (definite nominative plural)
Ziegel (genitive singular)
Ziegeln (definite genitive plural)
Ziegel (dative singular)
Ziegeln (dative definite plural)
Ziegel (accusative singular)
Ziegeln (accusative definite plural)

→ Serbo-Croatian: cígla

Inherited from Middle High German ziegel, from Old High German ziegal, ziagala, ziagal, from Proto-West Germanic *tigulā.

inh+

Das Dach ist mit gelben Ziegeln gedeckt.


tegula

la-noun

tēgula f (genitive tēgulae); first declension

tēgula (canonical feminine)
tēgulae (genitive)
tēgula (nominative singular)
tēgulae (nominative plural)
tēgulae (genitive singular)
tēgulārum (genitive plural)
tēgulae (dative singular)
tēgulīs (dative plural)
tēgulam (accusative singular)
tēgulās (accusative plural)
tēgulā (ablative singular)
tēgulīs (ablative plural)
tēgula (singular vocative)
tēgulae (plural vocative)

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: tiola, tìvola

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: teula

Franco-Provençal: tiola

Old French: tiule (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: teule

Sicilian: tìgula, Tìguli, Tìvuli

Vulgar Latin: tegla

Dalmatian: tacla

Italo-Romance:

Italian: tegghia

desc

⇒ Italian: teglia (through de-vulgarization)

Sicilian: tegghia

North-Italian:

Friulian: tecje, tečhe (alternative orthography)

Piedmontese: teja

Venetan: técia

Gallo-Romance:

Champenois: teille

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: teya

Old Galician-Portuguese: telha

Galician: tella

Portuguese: telha

Spanish: teja

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tegella

Italian: tiella

Portuguese: tigela

Sicilian: tijeḍḍa

Borrowings:

→? Italian: tegola (semi-learned)

→ Albanian: tjegull

→ Andalusian Arabic: تاقرة (tāqra, “milking-pail”)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tagra (“a liquid measure”)

→ Old Spanish: tagara (“bowl”)

→ Old Leonese: tagara, tagarra (“bowl”)

→ Galician: tarro (“jar”)

→ Portuguese: tarro (“pot; milking-pail”)

→ Spanish: tarro (“jar; pot”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: طارو (ṭārru, “garbage-can”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: تاكرة (tāgra, “tajine”)

→ Proto-Germanic: *tigulǭ (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: tégla

→ English: tegula

→ Greek: τούγλα (toúgla)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طوغله (tuğla), توغله (tuğla)
Turkish: tuğla
→ Albanian: tullë
→ Armenian: թուղլա (tʻuġla)
→ Laz: თუღლა (tuğla)

→ Macedonian: тегла (tegla)

→ Portuguese: tégula

→ Serbo-Croatian: тегла (tegla)

→ Slovak: tehla

[ˈt̪eːɡʊɫ̪ä]

From Proto-Italic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). By surface analysis, tegō (“to cover”) + -ula. For the meaning development compare German Kachel. Though the sense “frying-pan” has been said to be derived from Ancient Greek τάγηνον (tágēnon), τήγανον (tḗganon), this is formally difficult; the distinction between it and “rooftile” may thus be seen as unfounded.
The long vowel is difficult to explain, but according to some authors it is an artifact of early simplification of the cluster *gdʰ in *teg-dʰlom (see -bulum for the suffix); compare rēgula. Contrast the later formation tegulum, with a short vowel.

surf

Glires: isicio porcino, item pulpis ex omni membro glirium trito, cum pipere, nucleis, lasere, liquamine farcies glires, et sutos in tegula positos mittes in furnum aut farsos in clibano coques.

Dormice: Fill the dormice with minced meat of pork and all parts of the dormice, ground pepper, pinenuts, laser, fish-sauce, and put them sewn together and laid upon a tile-pan into the oven, or cook them stuffed in the clibanus.

a tile, whether to lay the roof (rooftile) or to bake food upon it (baking tile, frying pan)


redbrick

red brick university
red brick university#English


leac

head

leac f (genitive singular leice or lice, nominative plural leaca or leac(r)acha)

leice (genitive singular)
lice (genitive singular)
leaca (nominative plural)
leac (r)acha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
leac (indefinite singular)
leaca (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a leac (indefinite singular)
a leaca (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
leice (indefinite singular)
leac (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
leic (archaic dialectal indefinite singular)
nominative (definite)
an leac (definite singular)
na leaca (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na leice (definite singular)
na leac (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an leac (definite singular)
leis an leic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
don leac (definite singular)
don leic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
leis na leaca (definite plural)
nominative (indefinite)
leac (indefinite singular)
leaca (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a leac (indefinite singular)
a leaca (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
lice (indefinite singular)
leac (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
lic (archaic dialectal indefinite singular)
nominative (definite)
an leac (definite singular)
na leaca (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na lice (definite singular)
na leac (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an leac (definite singular)
leis an lic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
don leac (definite singular)
don lic (archaic definite dialectal singular)
leis na leaca (definite plural)

From Old Irish lecc, from Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥keh₂ (“flat surface”).
Celtic cognates include Welsh llech, Breton lec'h, Cornish legh, and the Gaulish toponym Are-lica. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek πλάξ (pláx, “flat stone”). Ultimately connected with PIE *pleh₂- (“flat”).

inh

Tá leac lena cheann.


قطران

head

قطران • (katran) (definite accusative قطرانی (katranı), plural قطرانلر (katranlar))

katran (romanization)
قطرانی (accusative definite)
قطرانلر (plural)

Turkish: katran

→ Albanian: katrani

desc

→ Armenian: խաթրան (xatʻran), խաթռան (xatʻṙan), կաթրան (katʻran)

→ Aromanian: cãtrani, cãtrane

→ Bulgarian: катра́н (katrán)

→ Macedonian: катран (katran)

→ Romanian: catran

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̀тран

Latin script: kàtran

Borrowed from Arabic قَطْرَان (qaṭrān, “tar, asphalt”).

bor+

(historical) Chian turpentine, Cyprus turpentine, a preparation from the resin of the terebinth


pebble dash

en-noun

pebble dash (countable and uncountable, plural pebble dashes)


pebble dash

en-verb

pebble dash (third-person singular simple present pebble dashes, present participle pebble dashing, simple past and past participle pebble dashed)

pebble dashes (present singular third-person)
pebble dashing (participle present)
pebble dashed (participle past)
pebble dashed (past)

The roads were lined with cramped little semis and 1960s bungalows: Britain's cheapest houses, in their flimsy, pebble-dashed glory.

2012, Tim Moore, You Are Awful (But I Like You): Travels Around Unloved Britain, Vintage, →ISBN, page 150:


daub

en-noun

daub (countable and uncountable, plural daubs)

From Middle English daub (noun), from Middle English dauben (“to plaster or whitewash; cover with clay; bespatter”, verb), from Old Northern French dauber (“to whitewash; plaster”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Latin dealbāre (“to whiten thoroughly”).

der

Excrement or clay used as a bonding material in construction.


štuka

štȕka (canonical feminine)
шту̏ка (Cyrillic)


deska

cs-noun

deska f (relational adjective deskový, diminutive destička)

deskový (adjective relational)
destička (diminutive)
deska (nominative singular)
desky (nominative plural)
desky (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desk (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskám (dative plural)
desku (accusative singular)
desky (accusative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
desky (plural vocative)
desce (locative singular)
deskách (locative plural)
deskou (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)

cs-ndecl

f.*,-*􂀿usually only when referring to land registers􂁀

Inherited from Old Czech dska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska.

gramofonová deska

record, platter (device for recording sound and playing back on a record player)


deska

pl-noun

deska f (diminutive deseczka, augmentative decha)

deseczka (diminutive)
decha (augmentative)
deska (nominative singular)
deski (nominative plural)
deski (genitive singular)
desek (genitive plural)
desce (dative singular)
deskom (dative plural)
deskę (accusative singular)
deski (accusative plural)
deską (instrumental singular)
deskami (instrumental plural)
desce (locative singular)
deskach (locative plural)
desko (singular vocative)
deski (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish deska, from Proto-Slavic *dъska. Doublet of dysk (“disc, discus, disk”).

(derogatory, slang) ironing board (flat-chested woman)


betons

betons (nominative singular)
betoni (nominative plural)
betonu (accusative singular)
betonus (accusative plural)
betona (genitive singular)
betonu (genitive plural)
betonam (dative singular)
betoniem (dative plural)
betonu (instrumental singular)
betoniem (instrumental plural)
betonā (locative singular)
betonos (locative plural)
beton (singular vocative)
betoni (plural vocative)

(construction) concrete (building material)


tigele

tigele (nominative singular)
tigelan (nominative plural)
tigelan (accusative singular)
tigelan (accusative plural)
tigelan (genitive singular)
tigelena (genitive plural)
tigelan (dative singular)
tigelum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile

English: tile (see there for further descendants)

Scots: tyl, tild


Pflaster

de-noun

Pflaster n (strong, genitive Pflasters, plural Pflaster)

Pflasters (genitive)
Pflaster (plural)
Pflaster (nominative singular)
Pflaster (definite nominative plural)
Pflasters (genitive singular)
Pflaster (definite genitive plural)
Pflaster (dative singular)
Pflastern (dative definite plural)
Pflaster (accusative singular)
Pflaster (accusative definite plural)

→ Polish: plaster

most speakers in northern and central Germany

From Middle High German pflaster, from Old High German pflastar (“plaster, pavement”), from Proto-West Germanic *plastr.

inh

(archaic) plaster, cement, mortar, a mixture of gypsum, sand and chalk applied to floors


Schindel

de-noun

Schindel f (genitive Schindel, plural Schindeln)

Schindel (genitive)
Schindeln (plural)
Schindel (nominative singular)
Schindeln (definite nominative plural)
Schindel (genitive singular)
Schindeln (definite genitive plural)
Schindel (dative singular)
Schindeln (dative definite plural)
Schindel (accusative singular)
Schindeln (accusative definite plural)

desc

→ Bulgarian: ши́нда (šínda), ши́ндра (šíndra)

→ Czech: šindel

→ Hungarian: zsindely

→ Romanian: șindrilă

→ Macedonian: шиндра (šindra)

→ Ladin: scintla

→ Polish: szyndzioł

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian: ши̑ндра / šȋndra
→ Ottoman Turkish: شندره (şindere, şendere)
Turkish: şendere
→ Romanian: șindră

→ Slovak: šindel

From Middle High German schindel, from Old High German scintula, from Proto-West Germanic *skindulā (“roof-shingle”).


wallboard

en-noun

wallboard (countable and uncountable, plural wallboards)

Hooks come with screws for use in plaster or wood and toggles for use in wallboard. One hook should be sufficient to swag a lamp from a ceiling outlet.

1991, Kalton C. Lahue, Cheryl Smith, Interior Lighting, page 19:

A construction material of pre-made boards used for walls and ceilings, usually a gypsum core with a paper surface.

гипсокартон

a construction material of premade boards used for walls and ceilings


beton

beton (nominative singular)
betonlar (nominative plural)
betonnıñ (genitive singular)
betonlarnıñ (genitive plural)
betonğa (dative singular)
betonlarğa (dative plural)
betonnı (accusative singular)
betonlarnı (accusative plural)
betonda (locative singular)
betonlarda (locative plural)
betondan (ablative singular)
betonlardan (ablative plural)

Borrowed from French béton (“concrete”), from Latin bitūmen (“asphalt”).


beton

beton (nominative singular)
betony (nominative plural)
betonu (genitive singular)
betonů (genitive plural)
betonu (dative singular)
betonům (dative plural)
beton (accusative singular)
betony (accusative plural)
betone (singular vocative)
betony (plural vocative)
betonu (locative singular)
betoně (locative singular)
betonech (locative plural)
betonem (instrumental singular)
betony (instrumental plural)

an alcoholic cocktail whose main ingredients are Becherovka and tonic


beton

head

beton (countable and uncountable, plural betonok)

betonok (plural)
beton (nominative singular)
betonok (nominative plural)
betont (accusative singular)
betonokat (accusative plural)
betonnak (dative singular)
betonoknak (dative plural)
betonnal (instrumental singular)
betonokkal (instrumental plural)
betonért (causal-final singular)
betonokért (causal-final plural)
betonná (singular translative)
betonokká (plural translative)
betonig (singular terminative)
betonokig (plural terminative)
betonként (essive-formal singular)
betonokként (essive-formal plural)
betonban (inessive singular)
betonokban (inessive plural)
betonon (singular superessive)
betonokon (plural superessive)
betonnál (adessive singular)
betonoknál (adessive plural)
betonba (illative singular)
betonokba (illative plural)
betonra (singular sublative)
betonokra (plural sublative)
betonhoz (allative singular)
betonokhoz (allative plural)
betonból (elative singular)
betonokból (elative plural)
betonról (delative singular)
betonokról (delative plural)
betontól (ablative singular)
betonoktól (ablative plural)
betoné (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
betonoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
betonéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
betonokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
betonom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
betonjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
betonod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
betonjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
betonja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
betonjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
betonunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
betonjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
betonotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
betonjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
betonjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
betonjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from German Beton, from French béton (“concrete”), from Latin bitūmen (“asphalt”).


beton

Borrowed from Dutch beton, from French béton, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitumen.

concrete (a building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand)


beton

Unadapted borrowing from French béton (“concrete”), from Latin bitūmen (“asphalt”). Doublet of bitume.


beton

beton (nominative singular)
betony (nominative plural)
betonu (genitive singular)
betonów (genitive plural)
betonowi (dative singular)
betonom (dative plural)
beton (accusative singular)
betony (accusative plural)
betonem (instrumental singular)
betonami (instrumental plural)
betonie (locative singular)
betonach (locative plural)
betonie (singular vocative)
betony (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare French béton, ultimately from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitum.

beton komórkowy

warstwa betonu

wylewać/wylać beton

wylewać/wylać/zalewać/zalać betonem

(colloquial, derogatory) stick in the mud, old fogey (a person or organization who is slow, old-fashioned, or unprogressive)


beton

betọ̑n (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
betón (nominative singular)
betóna (genitive singular)
betónu (dative singular)
betón (accusative singular)
betónu (locative singular)
betónom (instrumental singular)


beton

head

beton (definite accusative betonu, plural betonlar)

betonu (accusative definite)
betonlar (plural)
beton (nominative singular)
betonlar (nominative plural)
betonu (accusative definite singular)
betonları (accusative definite plural)
betona (dative singular)
betonlara (dative plural)
betonda (locative singular)
betonlarda (locative plural)
betondan (ablative singular)
betonlardan (ablative plural)
betonun (genitive singular)
betonların (genitive plural)


calcestruzzo

From Vulgar Latin *calcestris (derived from Latin calx (“limestone; chalk”)), and perhaps a derivation of struō (“to compose, to build”).

der

derived from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">calx</i> (“limestone; chalk”)


lime mortar

en-noun

lime mortar (countable and uncountable, plural lime mortars)

A soft form of mortar made from sand and slaked lime, largely replaced by cement mortar in modern building methods.


calcina

From Vulgar Latin *calcīna, from Latin calcem.


like a cat on a hot tin roof

A simile developed from the behaviour of a cat observed on a hot tin roof.

(simile, colloquial, chiefly US) Jumpy, nervous.


tetto

→ Slavomolisano: tito

From Latin tēctum (“roof”). Compare French toit, Portuguese teto, Spanish techo.


石膏

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (石膏):
* → Japanese: 石膏(せっこう) (sekkō)
* → Korean: 석고(石膏) (seokgo)
* → Vietnamese: thạch cao (石膏)

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ kɔ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² kou̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ kɔ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² kou̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

打石膏

(medicine) cast (supportive and immobilising device used to help mend broken bones)


石膏

ja-noun

石(せっ)膏(こう) • (sekkō) ^(←せきかう (sekikau)?)

石膏 (canonical)
sekkō (romanization)
sekikau (romanization)
せきかう (hiragana historical)


cements

cements (nominative singular)
cementi (nominative plural)
cementu (accusative singular)
cementus (accusative plural)
cementa (genitive singular)
cementu (genitive plural)
cementam (dative singular)
cementiem (dative plural)
cementu (instrumental singular)
cementiem (instrumental plural)
cementā (locative singular)
cementos (locative plural)
cement (singular vocative)
cementi (plural vocative)


brickwork

The two lower rows of tubes at each end pier were then drilled through to the extrados of the brickwork to act as weep holes and assist in the drainage from the backs of the arches.

1954 January 14, “Strengthening of Coquet Viaduct”, in Railway Magazine, page 19:

A structure, or portion of a structure, that is made out of bricks.

The quality of the construction of a brick structure.


brickfielder

From the location name Brickfield Hill, after the hill in Surry Hills (now in inner Sydney) from the direction of which a hot wind blew into Sydney in its early days. The term spread to Melbourne by circa 1850, and to central Australia by circa 1900, then to Western Australia.

Returning home, he discovers that the house is full of sand ; that the brickfielder has even insinuated itself between the leaves of his books ; that at dinner he will probably find that his favourite dish has been spoiled by the brickfielder.

1845, J. O. Balfour, A Sketch of New South Wales, page 5:

A southerly buster would blow — a Sydney brickfielder;[…].

1914, Henry Mills Alden, Thomas Bucklin Wells, Harper's Magazine, volume 129, page 508:

Then he had to concentrate his efforts on a smooth descent through the swirling gusts of the brickfielder.

1986, Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, volume 106, numbers 1-4, page 60:

Hot spells many days in duration, with temperatures daily exceeding 100°F. (38°C), often take place while the brickfielder blows.

2005, Ajay Kumar Ghosh, Dictionary of Geography, page 45:

(Australia) A hot, dry, dusty wind of southern or central Australia.


vaneri

vaneri (nominative singular)
vanerit (nominative plural)
vaneri (accusative nominative singular)
vanerit (accusative nominative plural)
vanerin (accusative genitive singular)
vanerit (accusative genitive plural)
vanerin (genitive singular)
vanerien (genitive plural)
vanereiden (genitive plural)
vanereitten (genitive plural)
vaneria (partitive singular)
vanereita (partitive plural)
vanereja (partitive plural)
vanerissa (inessive singular)
vanereissa (inessive plural)
vanerista (elative singular)
vanereista (elative plural)
vaneriin (illative singular)
vanereihin (illative plural)
vanerilla (adessive singular)
vanereilla (adessive plural)
vanerilta (ablative singular)
vanereilta (ablative plural)
vanerille (allative singular)
vanereille (allative plural)
vanerina (essive singular)
vanereina (essive plural)
vaneriksi (singular translative)
vanereiksi (plural translative)
vaneritta (abessive singular)
vanereitta (abessive plural)
vanerein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vanerini (nominative singular)
vanerini (nominative plural)
vanerini (accusative nominative singular)
vanerini (accusative nominative plural)
vanerini (accusative genitive singular)
vanerini (accusative genitive plural)
vanerini (genitive singular)
vanerieni (genitive plural)
vanereideni (genitive plural)
vanereitteni (genitive plural)
vaneriani (partitive singular)
vanereitani (partitive plural)
vanerejani (partitive plural)
vanerissani (inessive singular)
vanereissani (inessive plural)
vaneristani (elative singular)
vanereistani (elative plural)
vaneriini (illative singular)
vanereihini (illative plural)
vanerillani (adessive singular)
vanereillani (adessive plural)
vaneriltani (ablative singular)
vanereiltani (ablative plural)
vanerilleni (allative singular)
vanereilleni (allative plural)
vanerinani (essive singular)
vanereinani (essive plural)
vanerikseni (singular translative)
vanereikseni (plural translative)
vanerittani (abessive singular)
vanereittani (abessive plural)
vanereineni (comitative plural)
vanerisi (nominative singular)
vanerisi (nominative plural)
vanerisi (accusative nominative singular)
vanerisi (accusative nominative plural)
vanerisi (accusative genitive singular)
vanerisi (accusative genitive plural)
vanerisi (genitive singular)
vaneriesi (genitive plural)
vanereidesi (genitive plural)
vanereittesi (genitive plural)
vaneriasi (partitive singular)
vanereitasi (partitive plural)
vanerejasi (partitive plural)
vanerissasi (inessive singular)
vanereissasi (inessive plural)
vaneristasi (elative singular)
vanereistasi (elative plural)
vaneriisi (illative singular)
vanereihisi (illative plural)
vanerillasi (adessive singular)
vanereillasi (adessive plural)
vaneriltasi (ablative singular)
vanereiltasi (ablative plural)
vanerillesi (allative singular)
vanereillesi (allative plural)
vanerinasi (essive singular)
vanereinasi (essive plural)
vaneriksesi (singular translative)
vanereiksesi (plural translative)
vanerittasi (abessive singular)
vanereittasi (abessive plural)
vanereinesi (comitative plural)
vanerimme (nominative singular)
vanerimme (nominative plural)
vanerimme (accusative nominative singular)
vanerimme (accusative nominative plural)
vanerimme (accusative genitive singular)
vanerimme (accusative genitive plural)
vanerimme (genitive singular)
vaneriemme (genitive plural)
vanereidemme (genitive plural)
vanereittemme (genitive plural)
vaneriamme (partitive singular)
vanereitamme (partitive plural)
vanerejamme (partitive plural)
vanerissamme (inessive singular)
vanereissamme (inessive plural)
vaneristamme (elative singular)
vanereistamme (elative plural)
vaneriimme (illative singular)
vanereihimme (illative plural)
vanerillamme (adessive singular)
vanereillamme (adessive plural)
vaneriltamme (ablative singular)
vanereiltamme (ablative plural)
vanerillemme (allative singular)
vanereillemme (allative plural)
vanerinamme (essive singular)
vanereinamme (essive plural)
vaneriksemme (singular translative)
vanereiksemme (plural translative)
vanerittamme (abessive singular)
vanereittamme (abessive plural)
vanereinemme (comitative plural)
vanerinne (nominative singular)
vanerinne (nominative plural)
vanerinne (accusative nominative singular)
vanerinne (accusative nominative plural)
vanerinne (accusative genitive singular)
vanerinne (accusative genitive plural)
vanerinne (genitive singular)
vanerienne (genitive plural)
vanereidenne (genitive plural)
vanereittenne (genitive plural)
vanerianne (partitive singular)
vanereitanne (partitive plural)
vanerejanne (partitive plural)
vanerissanne (inessive singular)
vanereissanne (inessive plural)
vaneristanne (elative singular)
vanereistanne (elative plural)
vaneriinne (illative singular)
vanereihinne (illative plural)
vanerillanne (adessive singular)
vanereillanne (adessive plural)
vaneriltanne (ablative singular)
vanereiltanne (ablative plural)
vanerillenne (allative singular)
vanereillenne (allative plural)
vanerinanne (essive singular)
vanereinanne (essive plural)
vaneriksenne (singular translative)
vanereiksenne (plural translative)
vanerittanne (abessive singular)
vanereittanne (abessive plural)
vanereinenne (comitative plural)
vanerinsa (nominative singular)
vanerinsa (nominative plural)
vanerinsa (accusative nominative singular)
vanerinsa (accusative nominative plural)
vanerinsa (accusative genitive singular)
vanerinsa (accusative genitive plural)
vanerinsa (genitive singular)
vaneriensa (genitive plural)
vanereidensa (genitive plural)
vanereittensa (genitive plural)
vaneriaan (partitive singular)
vaneriansa (partitive singular)
vanereitaan (partitive plural)
vanerejaan (partitive plural)
vanereitansa (partitive plural)
vanerejansa (partitive plural)
vanerissaan (inessive singular)
vanerissansa (inessive singular)
vanereissaan (inessive plural)
vanereissansa (inessive plural)
vaneristaan (elative singular)
vaneristansa (elative singular)
vanereistaan (elative plural)
vanereistansa (elative plural)
vaneriinsa (illative singular)
vanereihinsa (illative plural)
vanerillaan (adessive singular)
vanerillansa (adessive singular)
vanereillaan (adessive plural)
vanereillansa (adessive plural)
vaneriltaan (ablative singular)
vaneriltansa (ablative singular)
vanereiltaan (ablative plural)
vanereiltansa (ablative plural)
vanerilleen (allative singular)
vanerillensa (allative singular)
vanereilleen (allative plural)
vanereillensa (allative plural)
vanerinaan (essive singular)
vanerinansa (essive singular)
vanereinaan (essive plural)
vanereinansa (essive plural)
vanerikseen (singular translative)
vaneriksensa (singular translative)
vanereikseen (plural translative)
vanereiksensa (plural translative)
vanerittaan (abessive singular)
vanerittansa (abessive singular)
vanereittaan (abessive plural)
vanereittansa (abessive plural)
vanereineen (comitative plural)
vanereinensa (comitative plural)


virke

virke (indefinite nominative singular)
virkes (genitive indefinite singular)
virket (definite nominative singular)
virkets (definite genitive singular)

wood cut into boards or planks, to be used in carpentry or other construction work; lumber, timber


sementti

sementti (nominative singular)
sementit (nominative plural)
sementti (accusative nominative singular)
sementit (accusative nominative plural)
sementin (accusative genitive singular)
sementit (accusative genitive plural)
sementin (genitive singular)
sementtien (genitive plural)
sementtiä (partitive singular)
sementtejä (partitive plural)
sementissä (inessive singular)
sementeissä (inessive plural)
sementistä (elative singular)
sementeistä (elative plural)
sementtiin (illative singular)
sementteihin (illative plural)
sementillä (adessive singular)
sementeillä (adessive plural)
sementiltä (ablative singular)
sementeiltä (ablative plural)
sementille (allative singular)
sementeille (allative plural)
sementtinä (essive singular)
sementteinä (essive plural)
sementiksi (singular translative)
sementeiksi (plural translative)
sementittä (abessive singular)
sementeittä (abessive plural)
sementein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
sementtini (nominative singular)
sementtini (nominative plural)
sementtini (accusative nominative singular)
sementtini (accusative nominative plural)
sementtini (accusative genitive singular)
sementtini (accusative genitive plural)
sementtini (genitive singular)
sementtieni (genitive plural)
sementtiäni (partitive singular)
sementtejäni (partitive plural)
sementissäni (inessive singular)
sementeissäni (inessive plural)
sementistäni (elative singular)
sementeistäni (elative plural)
sementtiini (illative singular)
sementteihini (illative plural)
sementilläni (adessive singular)
sementeilläni (adessive plural)
sementiltäni (ablative singular)
sementeiltäni (ablative plural)
sementilleni (allative singular)
sementeilleni (allative plural)
sementtinäni (essive singular)
sementteinäni (essive plural)
sementikseni (singular translative)
sementeikseni (plural translative)
sementittäni (abessive singular)
sementeittäni (abessive plural)
sementteineni (comitative plural)
sementtisi (nominative singular)
sementtisi (nominative plural)
sementtisi (accusative nominative singular)
sementtisi (accusative nominative plural)
sementtisi (accusative genitive singular)
sementtisi (accusative genitive plural)
sementtisi (genitive singular)
sementtiesi (genitive plural)
sementtiäsi (partitive singular)
sementtejäsi (partitive plural)
sementissäsi (inessive singular)
sementeissäsi (inessive plural)
sementistäsi (elative singular)
sementeistäsi (elative plural)
sementtiisi (illative singular)
sementteihisi (illative plural)
sementilläsi (adessive singular)
sementeilläsi (adessive plural)
sementiltäsi (ablative singular)
sementeiltäsi (ablative plural)
sementillesi (allative singular)
sementeillesi (allative plural)
sementtinäsi (essive singular)
sementteinäsi (essive plural)
sementiksesi (singular translative)
sementeiksesi (plural translative)
sementittäsi (abessive singular)
sementeittäsi (abessive plural)
sementteinesi (comitative plural)
sementtimme (nominative singular)
sementtimme (nominative plural)
sementtimme (accusative nominative singular)
sementtimme (accusative nominative plural)
sementtimme (accusative genitive singular)
sementtimme (accusative genitive plural)
sementtimme (genitive singular)
sementtiemme (genitive plural)
sementtiämme (partitive singular)
sementtejämme (partitive plural)
sementissämme (inessive singular)
sementeissämme (inessive plural)
sementistämme (elative singular)
sementeistämme (elative plural)
sementtiimme (illative singular)
sementteihimme (illative plural)
sementillämme (adessive singular)
sementeillämme (adessive plural)
sementiltämme (ablative singular)
sementeiltämme (ablative plural)
sementillemme (allative singular)
sementeillemme (allative plural)
sementtinämme (essive singular)
sementteinämme (essive plural)
sementiksemme (singular translative)
sementeiksemme (plural translative)
sementittämme (abessive singular)
sementeittämme (abessive plural)
sementteinemme (comitative plural)
sementtinne (nominative singular)
sementtinne (nominative plural)
sementtinne (accusative nominative singular)
sementtinne (accusative nominative plural)
sementtinne (accusative genitive singular)
sementtinne (accusative genitive plural)
sementtinne (genitive singular)
sementtienne (genitive plural)
sementtiänne (partitive singular)
sementtejänne (partitive plural)
sementissänne (inessive singular)
sementeissänne (inessive plural)
sementistänne (elative singular)
sementeistänne (elative plural)
sementtiinne (illative singular)
sementteihinne (illative plural)
sementillänne (adessive singular)
sementeillänne (adessive plural)
sementiltänne (ablative singular)
sementeiltänne (ablative plural)
sementillenne (allative singular)
sementeillenne (allative plural)
sementtinänne (essive singular)
sementteinänne (essive plural)
sementiksenne (singular translative)
sementeiksenne (plural translative)
sementittänne (abessive singular)
sementeittänne (abessive plural)
sementteinenne (comitative plural)
sementtinsä (nominative singular)
sementtinsä (nominative plural)
sementtinsä (accusative nominative singular)
sementtinsä (accusative nominative plural)
sementtinsä (accusative genitive singular)
sementtinsä (accusative genitive plural)
sementtinsä (genitive singular)
sementtiensä (genitive plural)
sementtiään (partitive singular)
sementtiänsä (partitive singular)
sementtejään (partitive plural)
sementtejänsä (partitive plural)
sementissään (inessive singular)
sementissänsä (inessive singular)
sementeissään (inessive plural)
sementeissänsä (inessive plural)
sementistään (elative singular)
sementistänsä (elative singular)
sementeistään (elative plural)
sementeistänsä (elative plural)
sementtiinsä (illative singular)
sementteihinsä (illative plural)
sementillään (adessive singular)
sementillänsä (adessive singular)
sementeillään (adessive plural)
sementeillänsä (adessive plural)
sementiltään (ablative singular)
sementiltänsä (ablative singular)
sementeiltään (ablative plural)
sementeiltänsä (ablative plural)
sementilleen (allative singular)
sementillensä (allative singular)
sementeilleen (allative plural)
sementeillensä (allative plural)
sementtinään (essive singular)
sementtinänsä (essive singular)
sementteinään (essive plural)
sementteinänsä (essive plural)
sementikseen (singular translative)
sementiksensä (singular translative)
sementeikseen (plural translative)
sementeiksensä (plural translative)
sementittään (abessive singular)
sementittänsä (abessive singular)
sementeittään (abessive plural)
sementeittänsä (abessive plural)
sementteineen (comitative plural)
sementteinensä (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Swedish cement, ultimately from Latin caementum.


betoni

betoni (nominative singular)
betonit (nominative plural)
betoni (accusative nominative singular)
betonit (accusative nominative plural)
betonin (accusative genitive singular)
betonit (accusative genitive plural)
betonin (genitive singular)
betonien (genitive plural)
betoneiden (genitive plural)
betoneitten (genitive plural)
betonia (partitive singular)
betoneita (partitive plural)
betoneja (partitive plural)
betonissa (inessive singular)
betoneissa (inessive plural)
betonista (elative singular)
betoneista (elative plural)
betoniin (illative singular)
betoneihin (illative plural)
betonilla (adessive singular)
betoneilla (adessive plural)
betonilta (ablative singular)
betoneilta (ablative plural)
betonille (allative singular)
betoneille (allative plural)
betonina (essive singular)
betoneina (essive plural)
betoniksi (singular translative)
betoneiksi (plural translative)
betonitta (abessive singular)
betoneitta (abessive plural)
betonein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
betonini (nominative singular)
betonini (nominative plural)
betonini (accusative nominative singular)
betonini (accusative nominative plural)
betonini (accusative genitive singular)
betonini (accusative genitive plural)
betonini (genitive singular)
betonieni (genitive plural)
betoneideni (genitive plural)
betoneitteni (genitive plural)
betoniani (partitive singular)
betoneitani (partitive plural)
betonejani (partitive plural)
betonissani (inessive singular)
betoneissani (inessive plural)
betonistani (elative singular)
betoneistani (elative plural)
betoniini (illative singular)
betoneihini (illative plural)
betonillani (adessive singular)
betoneillani (adessive plural)
betoniltani (ablative singular)
betoneiltani (ablative plural)
betonilleni (allative singular)
betoneilleni (allative plural)
betoninani (essive singular)
betoneinani (essive plural)
betonikseni (singular translative)
betoneikseni (plural translative)
betonittani (abessive singular)
betoneittani (abessive plural)
betoneineni (comitative plural)
betonisi (nominative singular)
betonisi (nominative plural)
betonisi (accusative nominative singular)
betonisi (accusative nominative plural)
betonisi (accusative genitive singular)
betonisi (accusative genitive plural)
betonisi (genitive singular)
betoniesi (genitive plural)
betoneidesi (genitive plural)
betoneittesi (genitive plural)
betoniasi (partitive singular)
betoneitasi (partitive plural)
betonejasi (partitive plural)
betonissasi (inessive singular)
betoneissasi (inessive plural)
betonistasi (elative singular)
betoneistasi (elative plural)
betoniisi (illative singular)
betoneihisi (illative plural)
betonillasi (adessive singular)
betoneillasi (adessive plural)
betoniltasi (ablative singular)
betoneiltasi (ablative plural)
betonillesi (allative singular)
betoneillesi (allative plural)
betoninasi (essive singular)
betoneinasi (essive plural)
betoniksesi (singular translative)
betoneiksesi (plural translative)
betonittasi (abessive singular)
betoneittasi (abessive plural)
betoneinesi (comitative plural)
betonimme (nominative singular)
betonimme (nominative plural)
betonimme (accusative nominative singular)
betonimme (accusative nominative plural)
betonimme (accusative genitive singular)
betonimme (accusative genitive plural)
betonimme (genitive singular)
betoniemme (genitive plural)
betoneidemme (genitive plural)
betoneittemme (genitive plural)
betoniamme (partitive singular)
betoneitamme (partitive plural)
betonejamme (partitive plural)
betonissamme (inessive singular)
betoneissamme (inessive plural)
betonistamme (elative singular)
betoneistamme (elative plural)
betoniimme (illative singular)
betoneihimme (illative plural)
betonillamme (adessive singular)
betoneillamme (adessive plural)
betoniltamme (ablative singular)
betoneiltamme (ablative plural)
betonillemme (allative singular)
betoneillemme (allative plural)
betoninamme (essive singular)
betoneinamme (essive plural)
betoniksemme (singular translative)
betoneiksemme (plural translative)
betonittamme (abessive singular)
betoneittamme (abessive plural)
betoneinemme (comitative plural)
betoninne (nominative singular)
betoninne (nominative plural)
betoninne (accusative nominative singular)
betoninne (accusative nominative plural)
betoninne (accusative genitive singular)
betoninne (accusative genitive plural)
betoninne (genitive singular)
betonienne (genitive plural)
betoneidenne (genitive plural)
betoneittenne (genitive plural)
betonianne (partitive singular)
betoneitanne (partitive plural)
betonejanne (partitive plural)
betonissanne (inessive singular)
betoneissanne (inessive plural)
betonistanne (elative singular)
betoneistanne (elative plural)
betoniinne (illative singular)
betoneihinne (illative plural)
betonillanne (adessive singular)
betoneillanne (adessive plural)
betoniltanne (ablative singular)
betoneiltanne (ablative plural)
betonillenne (allative singular)
betoneillenne (allative plural)
betoninanne (essive singular)
betoneinanne (essive plural)
betoniksenne (singular translative)
betoneiksenne (plural translative)
betonittanne (abessive singular)
betoneittanne (abessive plural)
betoneinenne (comitative plural)
betoninsa (nominative singular)
betoninsa (nominative plural)
betoninsa (accusative nominative singular)
betoninsa (accusative nominative plural)
betoninsa (accusative genitive singular)
betoninsa (accusative genitive plural)
betoninsa (genitive singular)
betoniensa (genitive plural)
betoneidensa (genitive plural)
betoneittensa (genitive plural)
betoniaan (partitive singular)
betoniansa (partitive singular)
betoneitaan (partitive plural)
betonejaan (partitive plural)
betoneitansa (partitive plural)
betonejansa (partitive plural)
betonissaan (inessive singular)
betonissansa (inessive singular)
betoneissaan (inessive plural)
betoneissansa (inessive plural)
betonistaan (elative singular)
betonistansa (elative singular)
betoneistaan (elative plural)
betoneistansa (elative plural)
betoniinsa (illative singular)
betoneihinsa (illative plural)
betonillaan (adessive singular)
betonillansa (adessive singular)
betoneillaan (adessive plural)
betoneillansa (adessive plural)
betoniltaan (ablative singular)
betoniltansa (ablative singular)
betoneiltaan (ablative plural)
betoneiltansa (ablative plural)
betonilleen (allative singular)
betonillensa (allative singular)
betoneilleen (allative plural)
betoneillensa (allative plural)
betoninaan (essive singular)
betoninansa (essive singular)
betoneinaan (essive plural)
betoneinansa (essive plural)
betonikseen (singular translative)
betoniksensa (singular translative)
betoneikseen (plural translative)
betoneiksensa (plural translative)
betonittaan (abessive singular)
betonittansa (abessive singular)
betoneittaan (abessive plural)
betoneittansa (abessive plural)
betoneineen (comitative plural)
betoneinensa (comitative plural)


reinforced concrete

en-noun

reinforced concrete (countable and uncountable, plural reinforced concretes)

A building material made from Portland cement concrete with a matrix of steel bars or wires (rebars) to increase its tensile strength.


asbest

→ Indonesian: asbès

→ Papiamentu: asbèst

From Middle Dutch asbeston, from Latin asbestos, from Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος (ásbestos).


fibro

Every day, all day and all night sometimes, the town jammed jazz with bits of loose tin slapping around on top of the mud-stained fibro walls […].

2006, Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, Giramondo, published 2012, page 56:

There are a few faded colourless fibro buildings, jagged black holes punched here and there in the panels.

2015, Charlotte Wood, The Natural Way of Things, Allen & Unwin, published 2018, page 19:

(Australia) Fibro-cement; a building material consisting of asbestos fibres and cement pressed into sheets.


kipsilevy

kipsilevy (nominative singular)
kipsilevyt (nominative plural)
kipsilevy (accusative nominative singular)
kipsilevyt (accusative nominative plural)
kipsilevyn (accusative genitive singular)
kipsilevyt (accusative genitive plural)
kipsilevyn (genitive singular)
kipsilevyjen (genitive plural)
kipsilevyä (partitive singular)
kipsilevyjä (partitive plural)
kipsilevyssä (inessive singular)
kipsilevyissä (inessive plural)
kipsilevystä (elative singular)
kipsilevyistä (elative plural)
kipsilevyyn (illative singular)
kipsilevyihin (illative plural)
kipsilevyllä (adessive singular)
kipsilevyillä (adessive plural)
kipsilevyltä (ablative singular)
kipsilevyiltä (ablative plural)
kipsilevylle (allative singular)
kipsilevyille (allative plural)
kipsilevynä (essive singular)
kipsilevyinä (essive plural)
kipsilevyksi (singular translative)
kipsilevyiksi (plural translative)
kipsilevyttä (abessive singular)
kipsilevyittä (abessive plural)
kipsilevyin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kipsilevyni (nominative singular)
kipsilevyni (nominative plural)
kipsilevyni (accusative nominative singular)
kipsilevyni (accusative nominative plural)
kipsilevyni (accusative genitive singular)
kipsilevyni (accusative genitive plural)
kipsilevyni (genitive singular)
kipsilevyjeni (genitive plural)
kipsilevyäni (partitive singular)
kipsilevyjäni (partitive plural)
kipsilevyssäni (inessive singular)
kipsilevyissäni (inessive plural)
kipsilevystäni (elative singular)
kipsilevyistäni (elative plural)
kipsilevyyni (illative singular)
kipsilevyihini (illative plural)
kipsilevylläni (adessive singular)
kipsilevyilläni (adessive plural)
kipsilevyltäni (ablative singular)
kipsilevyiltäni (ablative plural)
kipsilevylleni (allative singular)
kipsilevyilleni (allative plural)
kipsilevynäni (essive singular)
kipsilevyinäni (essive plural)
kipsilevykseni (singular translative)
kipsilevyikseni (plural translative)
kipsilevyttäni (abessive singular)
kipsilevyittäni (abessive plural)
kipsilevyineni (comitative plural)
kipsilevysi (nominative singular)
kipsilevysi (nominative plural)
kipsilevysi (accusative nominative singular)
kipsilevysi (accusative nominative plural)
kipsilevysi (accusative genitive singular)
kipsilevysi (accusative genitive plural)
kipsilevysi (genitive singular)
kipsilevyjesi (genitive plural)
kipsilevyäsi (partitive singular)
kipsilevyjäsi (partitive plural)
kipsilevyssäsi (inessive singular)
kipsilevyissäsi (inessive plural)
kipsilevystäsi (elative singular)
kipsilevyistäsi (elative plural)
kipsilevyysi (illative singular)
kipsilevyihisi (illative plural)
kipsilevylläsi (adessive singular)
kipsilevyilläsi (adessive plural)
kipsilevyltäsi (ablative singular)
kipsilevyiltäsi (ablative plural)
kipsilevyllesi (allative singular)
kipsilevyillesi (allative plural)
kipsilevynäsi (essive singular)
kipsilevyinäsi (essive plural)
kipsilevyksesi (singular translative)
kipsilevyiksesi (plural translative)
kipsilevyttäsi (abessive singular)
kipsilevyittäsi (abessive plural)
kipsilevyinesi (comitative plural)
kipsilevymme (nominative singular)
kipsilevymme (nominative plural)
kipsilevymme (accusative nominative singular)
kipsilevymme (accusative nominative plural)
kipsilevymme (accusative genitive singular)
kipsilevymme (accusative genitive plural)
kipsilevymme (genitive singular)
kipsilevyjemme (genitive plural)
kipsilevyämme (partitive singular)
kipsilevyjämme (partitive plural)
kipsilevyssämme (inessive singular)
kipsilevyissämme (inessive plural)
kipsilevystämme (elative singular)
kipsilevyistämme (elative plural)
kipsilevyymme (illative singular)
kipsilevyihimme (illative plural)
kipsilevyllämme (adessive singular)
kipsilevyillämme (adessive plural)
kipsilevyltämme (ablative singular)
kipsilevyiltämme (ablative plural)
kipsilevyllemme (allative singular)
kipsilevyillemme (allative plural)
kipsilevynämme (essive singular)
kipsilevyinämme (essive plural)
kipsilevyksemme (singular translative)
kipsilevyiksemme (plural translative)
kipsilevyttämme (abessive singular)
kipsilevyittämme (abessive plural)
kipsilevyinemme (comitative plural)
kipsilevynne (nominative singular)
kipsilevynne (nominative plural)
kipsilevynne (accusative nominative singular)
kipsilevynne (accusative nominative plural)
kipsilevynne (accusative genitive singular)
kipsilevynne (accusative genitive plural)
kipsilevynne (genitive singular)
kipsilevyjenne (genitive plural)
kipsilevyänne (partitive singular)
kipsilevyjänne (partitive plural)
kipsilevyssänne (inessive singular)
kipsilevyissänne (inessive plural)
kipsilevystänne (elative singular)
kipsilevyistänne (elative plural)
kipsilevyynne (illative singular)
kipsilevyihinne (illative plural)
kipsilevyllänne (adessive singular)
kipsilevyillänne (adessive plural)
kipsilevyltänne (ablative singular)
kipsilevyiltänne (ablative plural)
kipsilevyllenne (allative singular)
kipsilevyillenne (allative plural)
kipsilevynänne (essive singular)
kipsilevyinänne (essive plural)
kipsilevyksenne (singular translative)
kipsilevyiksenne (plural translative)
kipsilevyttänne (abessive singular)
kipsilevyittänne (abessive plural)
kipsilevyinenne (comitative plural)
kipsilevynsä (nominative singular)
kipsilevynsä (nominative plural)
kipsilevynsä (accusative nominative singular)
kipsilevynsä (accusative nominative plural)
kipsilevynsä (accusative genitive singular)
kipsilevynsä (accusative genitive plural)
kipsilevynsä (genitive singular)
kipsilevyjensä (genitive plural)
kipsilevyään (partitive singular)
kipsilevyänsä (partitive singular)
kipsilevyjään (partitive plural)
kipsilevyjänsä (partitive plural)
kipsilevyssään (inessive singular)
kipsilevyssänsä (inessive singular)
kipsilevyissään (inessive plural)
kipsilevyissänsä (inessive plural)
kipsilevystään (elative singular)
kipsilevystänsä (elative singular)
kipsilevyistään (elative plural)
kipsilevyistänsä (elative plural)
kipsilevyynsä (illative singular)
kipsilevyihinsä (illative plural)
kipsilevyllään (adessive singular)
kipsilevyllänsä (adessive singular)
kipsilevyillään (adessive plural)
kipsilevyillänsä (adessive plural)
kipsilevyltään (ablative singular)
kipsilevyltänsä (ablative singular)
kipsilevyiltään (ablative plural)
kipsilevyiltänsä (ablative plural)
kipsilevylleen (allative singular)
kipsilevyllensä (allative singular)
kipsilevyilleen (allative plural)
kipsilevyillensä (allative plural)
kipsilevynään (essive singular)
kipsilevynänsä (essive singular)
kipsilevyinään (essive plural)
kipsilevyinänsä (essive plural)
kipsilevykseen (singular translative)
kipsilevyksensä (singular translative)
kipsilevyikseen (plural translative)
kipsilevyiksensä (plural translative)
kipsilevyttään (abessive singular)
kipsilevyttänsä (abessive singular)
kipsilevyittään (abessive plural)
kipsilevyittänsä (abessive plural)
kipsilevyineen (comitative plural)
kipsilevyinensä (comitative plural)

drywall, plasterboard, gypsum board, Sheetrock, wallboard, gyprock board


puutavara

puutavara (nominative singular)
puutavarat (nominative plural)
puutavara (accusative nominative singular)
puutavarat (accusative nominative plural)
puutavaran (accusative genitive singular)
puutavarat (accusative genitive plural)
puutavaran (genitive singular)
puutavaroiden (genitive plural)
puutavaroitten (genitive plural)
puutavarain (genitive plural rare)
puutavaraa (partitive singular)
puutavaroita (partitive plural)
puutavarassa (inessive singular)
puutavaroissa (inessive plural)
puutavarasta (elative singular)
puutavaroista (elative plural)
puutavaraan (illative singular)
puutavaroihin (illative plural)
puutavaralla (adessive singular)
puutavaroilla (adessive plural)
puutavaralta (ablative singular)
puutavaroilta (ablative plural)
puutavaralle (allative singular)
puutavaroille (allative plural)
puutavarana (essive singular)
puutavaroina (essive plural)
puutavaraksi (singular translative)
puutavaroiksi (plural translative)
puutavaratta (abessive singular)
puutavaroitta (abessive plural)
puutavaroin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
puutavarani (nominative singular)
puutavarani (nominative plural)
puutavarani (accusative nominative singular)
puutavarani (accusative nominative plural)
puutavarani (accusative genitive singular)
puutavarani (accusative genitive plural)
puutavarani (genitive singular)
puutavaroideni (genitive plural)
puutavaroitteni (genitive plural)
puutavaraini (genitive plural rare)
puutavaraani (partitive singular)
puutavaroitani (partitive plural)
puutavarassani (inessive singular)
puutavaroissani (inessive plural)
puutavarastani (elative singular)
puutavaroistani (elative plural)
puutavaraani (illative singular)
puutavaroihini (illative plural)
puutavarallani (adessive singular)
puutavaroillani (adessive plural)
puutavaraltani (ablative singular)
puutavaroiltani (ablative plural)
puutavaralleni (allative singular)
puutavaroilleni (allative plural)
puutavaranani (essive singular)
puutavaroinani (essive plural)
puutavarakseni (singular translative)
puutavaroikseni (plural translative)
puutavarattani (abessive singular)
puutavaroittani (abessive plural)
puutavaroineni (comitative plural)
puutavarasi (nominative singular)
puutavarasi (nominative plural)
puutavarasi (accusative nominative singular)
puutavarasi (accusative nominative plural)
puutavarasi (accusative genitive singular)
puutavarasi (accusative genitive plural)
puutavarasi (genitive singular)
puutavaroidesi (genitive plural)
puutavaroittesi (genitive plural)
puutavaraisi (genitive plural rare)
puutavaraasi (partitive singular)
puutavaroitasi (partitive plural)
puutavarassasi (inessive singular)
puutavaroissasi (inessive plural)
puutavarastasi (elative singular)
puutavaroistasi (elative plural)
puutavaraasi (illative singular)
puutavaroihisi (illative plural)
puutavarallasi (adessive singular)
puutavaroillasi (adessive plural)
puutavaraltasi (ablative singular)
puutavaroiltasi (ablative plural)
puutavarallesi (allative singular)
puutavaroillesi (allative plural)
puutavaranasi (essive singular)
puutavaroinasi (essive plural)
puutavaraksesi (singular translative)
puutavaroiksesi (plural translative)
puutavarattasi (abessive singular)
puutavaroittasi (abessive plural)
puutavaroinesi (comitative plural)
puutavaramme (nominative singular)
puutavaramme (nominative plural)
puutavaramme (accusative nominative singular)
puutavaramme (accusative nominative plural)
puutavaramme (accusative genitive singular)
puutavaramme (accusative genitive plural)
puutavaramme (genitive singular)
puutavaroidemme (genitive plural)
puutavaroittemme (genitive plural)
puutavaraimme (genitive plural rare)
puutavaraamme (partitive singular)
puutavaroitamme (partitive plural)
puutavarassamme (inessive singular)
puutavaroissamme (inessive plural)
puutavarastamme (elative singular)
puutavaroistamme (elative plural)
puutavaraamme (illative singular)
puutavaroihimme (illative plural)
puutavarallamme (adessive singular)
puutavaroillamme (adessive plural)
puutavaraltamme (ablative singular)
puutavaroiltamme (ablative plural)
puutavarallemme (allative singular)
puutavaroillemme (allative plural)
puutavaranamme (essive singular)
puutavaroinamme (essive plural)
puutavaraksemme (singular translative)
puutavaroiksemme (plural translative)
puutavarattamme (abessive singular)
puutavaroittamme (abessive plural)
puutavaroinemme (comitative plural)
puutavaranne (nominative singular)
puutavaranne (nominative plural)
puutavaranne (accusative nominative singular)
puutavaranne (accusative nominative plural)
puutavaranne (accusative genitive singular)
puutavaranne (accusative genitive plural)
puutavaranne (genitive singular)
puutavaroidenne (genitive plural)
puutavaroittenne (genitive plural)
puutavarainne (genitive plural rare)
puutavaraanne (partitive singular)
puutavaroitanne (partitive plural)
puutavarassanne (inessive singular)
puutavaroissanne (inessive plural)
puutavarastanne (elative singular)
puutavaroistanne (elative plural)
puutavaraanne (illative singular)
puutavaroihinne (illative plural)
puutavarallanne (adessive singular)
puutavaroillanne (adessive plural)
puutavaraltanne (ablative singular)
puutavaroiltanne (ablative plural)
puutavarallenne (allative singular)
puutavaroillenne (allative plural)
puutavarananne (essive singular)
puutavaroinanne (essive plural)
puutavaraksenne (singular translative)
puutavaroiksenne (plural translative)
puutavarattanne (abessive singular)
puutavaroittanne (abessive plural)
puutavaroinenne (comitative plural)
puutavaransa (nominative singular)
puutavaransa (nominative plural)
puutavaransa (accusative nominative singular)
puutavaransa (accusative nominative plural)
puutavaransa (accusative genitive singular)
puutavaransa (accusative genitive plural)
puutavaransa (genitive singular)
puutavaroidensa (genitive plural)
puutavaroittensa (genitive plural)
puutavarainsa (genitive plural rare)
puutavaraansa (partitive singular)
puutavaroitaan (partitive plural)
puutavaroitansa (partitive plural)
puutavarassaan (inessive singular)
puutavarassansa (inessive singular)
puutavaroissaan (inessive plural)
puutavaroissansa (inessive plural)
puutavarastaan (elative singular)
puutavarastansa (elative singular)
puutavaroistaan (elative plural)
puutavaroistansa (elative plural)
puutavaraansa (illative singular)
puutavaroihinsa (illative plural)
puutavarallaan (adessive singular)
puutavarallansa (adessive singular)
puutavaroillaan (adessive plural)
puutavaroillansa (adessive plural)
puutavaraltaan (ablative singular)
puutavaraltansa (ablative singular)
puutavaroiltaan (ablative plural)
puutavaroiltansa (ablative plural)
puutavaralleen (allative singular)
puutavarallensa (allative singular)
puutavaroilleen (allative plural)
puutavaroillensa (allative plural)
puutavaranaan (essive singular)
puutavaranansa (essive singular)
puutavaroinaan (essive plural)
puutavaroinansa (essive plural)
puutavarakseen (singular translative)
puutavaraksensa (singular translative)
puutavaroikseen (plural translative)
puutavaroiksensa (plural translative)
puutavarattaan (abessive singular)
puutavarattansa (abessive singular)
puutavaroittaan (abessive plural)
puutavaroittansa (abessive plural)
puutavaroineen (comitative plural)
puutavaroinensa (comitative plural)

/ˈpuːˌtɑʋɑrɑ/

[ˈpuːˌt̪ɑ̝ʋɑ̝rɑ̝]