acidify

en-verb

acidify (third-person singular simple present acidifies, present participle acidifying, simple past and past participle acidified)

acidifies (present singular third-person)
acidifying (participle present)
acidified (participle past)
acidified (past)

From acid + -ify, from Latin acidus (“sour, acid”); compare French acidifier.

to acidify sugar


acidic

en-adj

acidic (comparative more acidic, superlative most acidic)

more acidic (comparative)
most acidic (superlative)

The swampland is an extensive pegasse swamp, which is rich in organic matter and intensely acidic.

2015, Ramesh Gampat, Guyana: from Slavery to the Present, volume 2:

(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red.


acid

en-noun

acid (countable and uncountable, plural acids)

→ Welsh: asid

From French acide, from Latin acidus (“sour, acid”), from aceō (“I am sour”). Doublet of agita.

In the end, though, there is one sure way to distinguish a real hippie from his assorted sympathizers: hippies drop acid. That is, real hippies frequently, if irregularly, ingest LSD.

1967, Joe David Brown, editor, The Hippies, New York: Time, Inc, page 171:

lysergic acid diethylamide
lysergic acid diethylamide

(uncountable, slang) LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.


A

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter symbol for alanine in proteins.


acidity

acidity (countable and uncountable, plural acidities)

From French acidité, from Latin aciditātem, accusative singular of aciditās (“sourness, acidity”), from acidus (“sour, acid”). Equivalent to acid + -ity.

the acidity of lemon juice

Empty stomachs lead to acidity and leave a sour taste in the mouth.

Sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste.

(pathology) Excessive acid quality, as in gastric secretions.


acido

eo-head

acido (accusative singular acidon, plural acidoj, accusative plural acidojn)

acidon (accusative singular)
acidoj (plural)
acidojn (accusative plural)

Proposed in the Unua Libro in 1887. Constructed from Latin acidus (“sour”) and its cognates in modern languages.


醋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːɡs): semantic 酉 + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ).


aspirin

en-noun

aspirin (countable and uncountable, plural aspirins)

Genericized trademark of German Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (literally “acetylated spiraeic acid”). The trade name Aspirin is a registered trademark in some countries, but has entered the English language in generic usage, as various German trademarks were nullified in the United States after World War I (see also heroin).

acetylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylic acid

(uncountable, organic chemistry, pharmacology) an analgesic drug, acetylsalicylic acid


GABA

[Valium] was followed by many imitators, all sharing the same pharmacological mechanism, which is to enhance the actions of the key inhibitory brain chemical messenger GABA.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 58:

Its action as an inhibitor also distinguishes GABA from the “big three” amines—dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin—which generally stimulate brain circuits.

2003, Samuel H. Barondes, chapter 4, in Better than Prozac, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 54:

gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-aminobutyric acid#English

(biochemistry) Acronym of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


sulfuric acid

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(American spelling, inorganic chemistry) A transparent, oily liquid, formula H₂SO₄, that is a strong acid with very many industrial applications.


kyselina sírová

kyselina sírová (nominative singular)
kyseliny sírové (nominative plural)
kyseliny sírové (genitive singular)
kyselin sírových (genitive plural)
kyselině sírové (dative singular)
kyselinám sírovým (dative plural)
kyselinu sírovou (accusative singular)
kyseliny sírové (accusative plural)
kyselino sírová (singular vocative)
kyseliny sírové (plural vocative)
kyselině sírové (locative singular)
kyselinách sírových (locative plural)
kyselinou sírovou (instrumental singular)
kyselinami sírovými (instrumental plural)


kyselina

kyselina (nominative singular)
kyseliny (nominative plural)
kyseliny (genitive singular)
kyselin (genitive plural)
kyselině (dative singular)
kyselinám (dative plural)
kyselinu (accusative singular)
kyseliny (accusative plural)
kyselino (singular vocative)
kyseliny (plural vocative)
kyselině (locative singular)
kyselinách (locative plural)
kyselinou (instrumental singular)
kyselinami (instrumental plural)

→ Kashubian: czislëna


lysine

lysine (countable and uncountable, plural lysines)

From lysis + -ine, in reference to its tendency to participate in catalysis.

Lysine is an essential amino acid required for many body functions, including growth and bone development in children; calcium absorption and maintenance of the correct nitrogen balance in the body; maintenance of lean body mass; production of antibodies, hormones, and enzymes; collagen formation and repair of tissue.

2010, Michael T. Murray, Joseph Pizzorno, The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 65:

essential amino acid
essential amino acid

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid, C₆H₁₄N₂O₂.


lysine

fr-noun

lysine f (countable and uncountable, plural lysines)


niacin

in 1942 derived from nicotinic + acid + vitamin, chosen to dissociate it from nicotine, to avoid the perception that vitamins or niacin-rich food contains nicotine, or that cigarettes contain vitamins.

Mixing the alkali into the recipe in the right way chemically releases the otherwise unavailable niacin in the corn, which stops pellagra in its tracks, and allowed corn-based agricultural populations to grow and spread.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 7, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A water-soluble vitamin, a component of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast, and dairy products; it is essential to metabolism.

E375 when used as a colour retention agent


serine

en-noun

serine (countable and uncountable, plural serines)

From Latin sericus (“silken”). The compound was first obtained from silk protein, a particularly rich source, in 1865.

nonessential amino acid
nonessential amino acid

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid, CH₂OH.CH(NH₂)COOH, found in most animal proteins, notably silk.

絲胺酸

nonessential amino acid; CH2OH.CH(NH2)COOH

丝氨酸 (sī'ānsuān, literally “silk amino acid”)


valine

valine (countable and uncountable, plural valines)

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid found in most animal proteins.


nonessential amino acid

nonessential amino acid (plural nonessential amino acids)

(biochemistry) Those of the naturally occurring amino acids that the human body can synthesize for itself, and so need not be provided by dietary protein.

非必需氨基酸

amino acid that the human body can synthesize


essential amino acid

essential amino acid (plural essential amino acids)

(biochemistry) One of the nine naturally occurring amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize, and so must be provided by dietary protein.

aminoàcid essencial

amino acid which is a dietry requirement


amino acid

See amine and acid. Likely a calque of German Aminosäure, which is attested earlier.

(biochemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group.

حمض أميني

any organic compound containing amino and carboxylic acid

(biochemistry) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.


fatty acid

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(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils and fats. Only those with an even number of carbon atoms are normally found in natural fats.


carboxylic acid

carboxylic acid (plural carboxylic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing a carboxyl functional group.

حمض كربوكسيليّ

organic compound containing a carboxyl functional group


lactic acid

It was [Roger] Federer's ability to pull him around the court that put the lactic acid and debilitating weight in those legs and he should not have been allowed the luxury of his trainer's help.

2012 June 29, Kevin Mitchell, “Roger Federer back from Wimbledon 2012 brink to beat Julien Benneteau”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2016-11-15:

(organic chemistry) 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid (CH₃.CHOH.CO₂H), a syrupy liquid, soluble in water; found in milk, wine and many fruits; used as a food additive and in many industrial applications.


hydracid

(chemistry) An acid that does not contain any oxygen as opposed to an oxyacid; they are all binary compounds of hydrogen and a halogen or pseudohalogen.

idracido

chemistry: an acid that does not contain any oxygen


oxyacid

An acid containing oxygen, as opposed to a hydracid.


Lewis acid

(physical chemistry) Any electrophylic compound that can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.


fulminic acid

(chemistry) Iso-cyanic acid, HCNO, an unstable compound which forms explosive salts


histidine

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid C₆H₉N₃O₂ found in most animal proteins; essential for tissue growth and repair.


arachidic acid

(organic chemistry) A long-chain fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₈COOH, found in groundnut oil

ácido araquídico

a long-chain fatty acid found in groundnut oil


acrylic acid

(organic chemistry) A colorless liquid unsaturated organic acid, CH₂=CHCOOH; used as a monomer in the production of acrylic resins; forms acrylate esters by combination with alcohols.


arachidonic acid

polyunsaturated fatty acid
polyunsaturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry) A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, having 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds, found in animal fats; it is essential for human nutrition, being a precursor to the production of prostaglandins.

arakidonihappo

long chain fatty acid precursor to prostaglandins


benzoic acid

(organic chemistry) A white crystalline organic acid, C₆H₅COOH; the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid; used as a food preservative and in many other industrial applications.

àcid benzoic

white crystalline organic acid, C6H5COOH


isobutyric acid

(organic chemistry) 2-methyl-propanoic acid, (CH₃)₂CHCOOH, an isomer of butyric acid, that occurs in carob beans and croton oil.


acetylsalicylic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The acetate ester of salicylic acid (aspirin)

àcid acetilsalicílic

acetate ester of salicylic acid; aspirin


aspartic acid

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid, L-α-amino-succinic acid, aminobutanedioic acid, found in animal protein and in sugar beet etc (C₄H₇NO₄).


acetic acid

(organic chemistry) A clear colourless organic acid, CH₃COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.

acetate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


ascorbic acid

(biochemistry) A white crystalline organic compound, C₆H₈O₆, found in citrus fruits and many vegetables; it is an antioxidant and an efficient scavenger of free radicals.

àcid ascòrbic

the white crystalline organic compound, C6H8O6


succinic acid

(organic chemistry) A colourless crystalline dicarboxylic acid, (CH₂COOH)₂, that occurs naturally in amber and is important in the metabolic Krebs cycle.

àcid succínic

colourless crystalline dicarboxylic acid, (CH2COOH)2


adipic acid

hexamethylene diamine
hexamethylene diamine

(organic chemistry) A white crystalline dicarboxylic acid, C₄H₈(COOH)₂; it has many industrial applications; when condensed with hexamethylene diamine it produces nylon.


salicylic acid

From translingual Salix (“the willow”), from whose bark it can be obtained.

(organic chemistry) A white crystalline organic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, C₆>H₄(OH)(COOH), used in the production of aspirin and other industrial chemicals.


carboxylated

en-adj

carboxylated (comparative more carboxylated, superlative most carboxylated)

more carboxylated (comparative)
most carboxylated (superlative)

(organic chemistry) Converted into a carboxylic acid, normally by the oxidation of an alcohol or aldehyde.


capric acid

(organic chemistry) A fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH, obtained from animal fats, and used in the manufacture of perfumes and flavours.


caproic acid

From Latin caper (“goat”) because of its smell.

(organic chemistry) A liquid fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₄COOH, obtained from animal fats, and used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and flavours.


caprylic acid

(organic chemistry) A fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₆COOH, obtained from butter and other animal fats, and used in the manufacture of perfumes and flavours.


cerotic acid

saturated fatty acid
saturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry) A very-long-chain saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₂₄COOH, found in beeswax and carnauba wax.


chloric acid

(chemistry) a strong acid, HClO₃, known only in solution and as its chlorate salts; a powerful oxidizing agent


nitric acid

Instantly a little vapour arose from it, as happens when one disturbs nitric acid, and this sight did not increase my hopes, already faint enough, of the efficacy of the treatment.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(inorganic chemistry) A transparent, colorless to pale yellow, fuming corrosive liquid, HNO₃; a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and rocket fuels and in a wide variety of industrial processes; once called aqua fortis.


butyric acid

From Ancient Greek βούτυρος (boúturos, “butter”), from which it can be isolated.

der

(organic chemistry) Either of the two isomeric carboxylic acids, normal butyric acid and isobutyric acid, with the chemical formula C₃H₇COOH, occurring in animal milk fat.

(organic chemistry) Solely the straight chain isomer of the above, normal butyric acid or n-butyric acid, CH₃(CH₂)₂COOH, a short chain fatty acid; its glyceride is one of the principle components of the flavour of butter.


conjugate acid

HCl => Cl⁻

H₂SO₄ => HSO₄⁻

NH₄⁺ => NH₃

(chemistry) Any compound, of general formula HXⁿ⁺, which can be transformed into a conjugate base X⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾⁺ by the loss of a proton.


angelic acid

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated organic acid, CH₃-CH=C(CH₃-COOH), found in angelica and having pharmacological uses; the trans- form is tiglic acid.

ácido angélico

unsaturated organic acid found in angelica


erucic acid

unsaturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry) A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₇CH=CH(CH₂)₁₁COOH, found in rapeseed and mustard seed oils; strictly, the cis-isomer of the molecule (the trans-isomer is called brassidic acid).


crotonic acid

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated organic acid, trans--CH₃-CH=CH-COOH, found in croton oil and having many industrial uses; the cis- form is isocrotonic acid.


citric acid

/ˌsɪtɹɪk ˈæsɪd/

(organic chemistry) A colourless crystalline compound, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, C₆H₈O₇, found in citrus fruit; it is used as a food additive and in the manufacture of citrates.


fumaric acid

en-noun

fumaric acid (countable and uncountable, plural fumaric acids)

(organic chemistry) an unsaturated organic dicarboxylic acid, HOOCCH=CHCOOH, the geometric isomer of maleic acid from which it may be prepared by heating; it is found in many plants, including fungi and mosses, and is essential in the chemistry of respiration; it has a number of industrial applications, and its esters, the fumarates, are used in the treatment of psoriasis


maleic acid

From Latin malum (“apple”). Related to malic acid.

(organic chemistry) an unsaturated organic dicarboxylic acid, cis-butenedioic acid; HOOCCH=CHCOOH, the geometric isomer of fumaric acid; it is found in unripe fruit, and is used industrially in the production of polyester resins


polyunsaturated fatty acid

polyunsaturated fatty acid (plural polyunsaturated fatty acids)

(organic chemistry) A fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid, that contains two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds


polyunsaturated fat

polyunsaturated fat (plural polyunsaturated fats)

(organic chemistry) A fat or oil, almost exclusively from vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

多元不飽和脂肪

fat or oil containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids


saturated fatty acid

saturated fatty acid (plural saturated fatty acids)

(organic chemistry) A fatty acid, such as stearic acid, that contains no carbon to carbon double bonds.

饱和脂肪酸

páu-hô chi-hông-sng, páu-hô chí-hông-sng


carbonic acid

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Had she lived now, she would have talked of the last delightful lecture on gas, or the charming new treatise on carbonic acid; she would have studied German, and delighted in the society of "talented people."

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 110–111:

[I]t sank down through the air and poured over the ground in a manner rather liquid than gaseous, abandoning the hills, and streaming into the valleys and ditches and water-courses even as I have heard the carbonic acid gas that pours from volcanic clefts is wont to do.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 144:

(inorganic chemistry) A weak unstable acid, H₂CO₃, known only in solution, and as carbonate salts; it is present in carbonated drinks, and sparkling wine, but decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water.


unsaturated fatty acid

unsaturated fatty acid (plural unsaturated fatty acids)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A fatty acid, such as oleic acid, that contains at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

不飽和脂肪酸

a fatty acid that contains at least one carbon to carbon double bond

不饱和脂肪酸

put-páu-hô chi-hông-sng, put-páu-hô chí-hông-sng


formic acid

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The ant has made himself illustrious / Through constant industry industrious. / So what? / Would you be calm and placid / If you were full of formic acid?

1941, Ogden Nash, “The Ant”, in The Face is Familiar: The Selected Verse of Ogden Nash, reprint edition, Garden City, N.Y.: Garden City Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 224:

(organic chemistry) The simplest carboxylic acid, HCOOH, a colourless, corrosive liquid with a sharp odour systematically known as methanoic acid; it is present in the stings of ants, bees and nettles, and is prepared industrially by the oxidation of methanol or formaldehyde; it has some industrial uses, and its esters, the formates are used in perfumes.


glutaric acid

(organic chemistry) a dicarboxylic acid, HOOC(CH₂)₃COOH, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan


glyceric acid

(organic chemistry) A colourless syrupy organic compound, CH₂OH.CHOH.COOH, formed by the oxidation of glycerol or glyceraldehyde.


gluconic acid

gluconic acid (countable and uncountable, plural gluconic acids)

(organic chemistry) An organic compound, C₆H₁₂O₇, formed by oxidizing the aldehyde functional group of glucose into a carboxylic acid; used as a food additive; any glucosyl derivative of this compound


tryptophan

tryptophan (countable and uncountable, plural tryptophans)

From German Tryptophan, from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to appear”).

der

The quickest way to raise serotonin levels again is to send more tryptophan into the brain, because serotonin is made from tryptophan.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 169:

Tryptophan is an amino acid found in many foods, including dairy and turkey, which is one of the reasons commonly given for why so many of us feel so sleepy after our Thanksgiving feasts.

2020 December 10, Anahad O’Connor, “How Foods May Affect Our Sleep”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid with an indole side chain; present in many foods, especially chocolate, oats, banana and milk; it is essential for normal growth and development and is the precursor of serotonin and niacin; any specific form of this compound, or any derivative of it.


glutamic acid

monosodium glutamate
monosodium glutamate

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid, α-amino-glutaric acid, occurring widely in animal and plant tissues; the salt, monosodium glutamate is used as a flavour-enhancing seasoning.

àcid glutàmic

the nonessential amino acid (α-amino-glutaric acid)


hyposulfurous acid

(inorganic chemistry) An unstable acid, H₂S₂O₂, only known in solution, used as a reducing agent; its salts are hyposulfites).


thiosulfuric acid

(inorganic chemistry) An unstable acid, H₂S₂O₃, formally derived from sulfuric acid by the substitution of a sulfur atom in the place of an oxygen one; it is known only in solution or as its salts and esters, the thiosulfates.


vinegar

en-noun

vinegar (countable and uncountable, plural vinegars)

→ Japanese: ビネガー (binegā)

→ Welsh: finegr

From Middle English vynegre, from Old French vinaigre from Old French vyn egre, based on Latin vīnum (“wine”) + Latin ācer (“sour”). Displaced Old English æċed (survived in Middle English eced).

it is better to be preserved in vinegar than to rot in honey

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

You full of vinegar now, but you 'bout through / We gonna get a steam drill to do your share of driving / Then what's all them muscles gonna do? Huh, John Henry? / Gonna take a little bit of vinegar out of you.

1962, “The Legend of John Henry's Hammer”, performed by Johnny Cash:


indoleacetic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) an auxin plant hormone, synthesized in leaves, that stimulates growth, especially in the presence of ethylene


lauric acid

(organic chemistry) A saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COOH, occurring in coconut, palm and laurel oil; mostly used in making cosmetics and soaps


malonic acid

(organic chemistry) a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid, CH₂(COOH)₂, used in making barbiturates


mucic acid

From Swedish mjölk-socker-syra (milk-sugar-acid).

(organic chemistry) A dicarboxylic acid, HOOC-(CHOH)₄-COOH, produced by the oxidation of the milk sugar galactose, used as a test for the presence of galactose and/or lactose.


malic acid

Malic acid is a crystalline white solid (m.p. 100°C) and is highly soluble in water.[…] Malic acid finds use in a variety of products, mostly in fruit-flavoured carbonates. It is the preferred acidulant in low-calorie drinks and in cider and apple drinks, enhancing flavour and stabilising colour in carbonated and non-carbonated fruit-flavoured drinks.

2008, Dr. David Steen, Philip R. Ashurst, editors, Carbonated Soft Drinks: Formulation and Manufacture, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 62:

malolactic fermentation
malolactic fermentation

(organic chemistry) A colorless crystalline dicarboxylic acid, hydroxy-malonic acid, found in wine, apples, and other fruit; it is converted to lactic acid by malolactic fermentation.


linolenic acid

(organic chemistry) An polyunsaturated fatty acid, having 18 carbon atoms and three double bonds, essential for human nutrition; it is found in linseed and other vegetable oils


margaric acid

(organic chemistry) A saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₅COOH, that occurs only in very small amounts in natural oils and fats


metaphosphoric acid

metaphosphoric acid (plural metaphosphoric acids)

(inorganic chemistry) an anhydrous form of phosphoric acid that exists as a polymeric glassy solid, (HPO₃)ₙ; used as a drying agent and in dental cement


linoleic acid

(organic chemistry) a polyunsaturated fatty acid, having 18 carbon atoms and two double bonds, essential for human nutrition; it is found in linseed, sunflower and other vegetable oils


methacrylic acid

(organic chemistry) A colourless liquid, an unsaturated organic acid, used in the manufacture of resins and plastics, with the chemical formula CH₂:C(CH₃)COOH.


myristic acid

(organic chemistry) A saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH, tetradecanoic acid, found in both animal and vegetable oils and fats; used in the manufacture of soap, cosmetics etc.


nicotinic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) pyridine-3-carboxylic acid; together with nicotinamide is a part of the vitamin B complex


petroselinic acid

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated fatty acid cis-6-octadecenoic acid found in many members of the family Apiaceae (e.g. parsley seed oil); it is a positional isomer of oleic acid, the double bond being in position 6 instead of 9.


folate

From folic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A salt or ester of folic acid, especially one present in the vitamin B complex.


omega-6 fatty acid

omega-6 fatty acid (plural omega-6 fatty acids)

essential fatty acid
essential fatty acid

(organic chemistry) any polyunsaturated fatty acid having a double bond between the sixth and seventh carbon atoms from the end of the molecule farthest from the carboxylic acid; although they are essential fatty acids, there is evidence that excess levels can cause a number of diseases


stearic acid

(organic chemistry) octadecanoic acid; the most common saturated fatty acid; it is found in all animal and most vegetable oils and fats; it is used in the manufacture of soap etc.


palmitic acid

From being an acid discovered in saponified palm oils. From French palmite (“pith of the palm tree”) + -ic. From Latin palma (“palm tree”).

der

(organic chemistry) One of the most common saturated fatty acids; it is found in all animal and most vegetable oils and fats; it is used in the manufacture of soap etc.


essential fatty acid

en-noun

essential fatty acid (plural essential fatty acids)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) any fatty acid required for human metabolism that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be present in the diet; originally designated as vitamin F


folic acid

From Latin folium (“leaf”), from its occurrence in leafy vegetables.

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A polycyclic heterocyclic carboxylic acid, one of the vitamin B complex, essential for cell growth and reproduction

azido foliko

vitamin B9, a polycyclic heterocyclic carboxylic acid


omega-3 fatty acid

omega-3 fatty acid (plural omega-3 fatty acids)

Both types of fish are available in cans, but unlike tuna, salmon is loaded with fat — healthy omega-3 fatty acids.

2010, Anthony Marcelus, “Fix Your Fare”, in Reps!, 17:73:

(organic chemistry) Any polyunsaturated fatty acid having a double bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms from the end of the molecule farthest from the carboxylic acid; they are found in green vegetables and in the oils of fish such as salmon and mackerel; they are essential fatty acids, and seem to be beneficial in reducing the risk of heart disease.

ω−3脂肪酸

any polyunsaturated fatty acid having a double bond


oleic acid

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated fatty acid, having 18 carbon atoms and one double bond, found in olive oil and very many other vegetable and animal oils and fats; it is used for making soap, cosmetics etc.

олеинова киселина

fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms and one double bond, found in olive oil


galacturonic acid

(organic chemistry) a carboxylic acid derived from galactose by oxidation of the terminal CH₂OH to a COOH; it polymerizes to form pectic acid


pelargonic acid

(organic chemistry) an aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₇COOH, nonanoic acid, used in the manufacture of plastics, pharmaceuticals etc


oxaloacetic acid

(organic chemistry) a colourless crystalline organic carboxylic acid, butan-2-one-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, COOH.CH₂.CO.COOH


oxalic acid

If not sufficiently purified, a little hydrochloric or oxalic acid, or caustic potash may be put in the water, according as the stains are from grease or from ink.

1880, William Blades, The Enemies of Books, page 92:

(organic chemistry) A colourless, crystalline dicarboxylic acid, (COOH)₂, found in rhubarb, spinach and other plants, often as crystals of the calcium salt.

シュウ酸

蓚酸, シュウさん, shūsan


phthalic acid

benzenedicarboxylic acid
benzenedicarboxylic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of three isomeric aromatic organic benzenedicarboxylic acids, C₆H₄(COOH)₂; especially the ortho- isomer manufactured from naphthalene, used in the synthesis of dyes, perfumes and other compounds.


dicarboxylic acid

dicarboxylic acid (plural dicarboxylic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two carboxylic acid functional groups.

dikarboksyylihappo

difunctional by having 2 carboxyl groups


propionic acid

From French acide propionique, coined by chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas, from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos) ("first") and πίων (píōn) ("fat"), because it was the smallest carboxylic acid that exhibited the properties of the other fatty acids, such as producing an oily layer when salted out of water and having a soapy potassium salt.

(organic chemistry) The compound with the formula CH₃CH₂COOH, a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with a pungent odor.


propanoic acid

An IUPAC systematic name for the chemical originally named propionic acid. The prop- prefix is derived from propionic.

(organic chemistry) The short chain aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH₃CH₂COOH, used as a preservative, and in the manufacture of many chemical compounds.


retinoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry) A derivative of vitamin A, used in the treatment of acne; it is essential for bone and tissue development.


racemic acid

(organic chemistry) an equal mixture of the d- and l- forms of tartaric acid found in grape juice; the isomers can be separated via crystallization


pyruvic acid

From New Latin acidum pyruvicum, from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + ūva (“grape”) + -icum (neuter singular of -icus), from its being produced by the dry distillation of racemic acid, originally derived from grapes.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A yellowish organic keto acid, 2-oxopropanoic acid, which occurs as an intermediate in many metabolic processes, especially glycolysis.


isobutylphenyl propionic acid

isobutylphenyl propionic acid (uncountable)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A substance used as an anti-inflammatory painkiller, often shortened to ibuprofen.


sebacic acid

(organic chemistry) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, (CH₂)₈(COOH)₂, originally prepared from tallow; it is used in the manufacture of resins, plasticizers and polyester rubbers


suberic acid

(organic chemistry) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, (CH₂)₆(COOH)₂, obtained from cork; used in the manufacture of plastics


ricinoleic acid

From translingual Ricin(us) + oleic acid.

(organic chemistry) A crystalline unsaturated hydroxy fatty acid C₁₈H₃₄O₃ that yields esters important as plasticizers and whose glyceride (ricinolein) is the main component of castor oil.


Asp

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of aspartic acid


Ala

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter symbol for alanine


His

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of histidine


Ile

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of isoleucine


Leu

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of leucine


Lys

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of lysine


Met

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of methionine


Pro

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter Abbreviation of proline.


Ser

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of serine


Val

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of valine


F

From the Etruscan letter 𐌅 (v, “ve”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ϝ (W, “digamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for phenylalanine


B

(biochemistry) As an IUPAC code for amino acids, aspartic acid or asparagine.


ibuprofen

ibuprofen (countable and uncountable, plural ibuprofens)

From i(so)bu(tyl) + pro(pionic acid) + phen(yl).

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic compound used widely as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.


L

From the Etruscan letter 𐌋 (l, “el”), from the Ancient Greek letter Λ (L, “lambda”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤋 (l, “lamed”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌅.

(biochemistry, IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation) leucine


D

* (chemistry, deuterium): abbreviation of deuterium
* (computing, hexadecimal 13): From its position as the thirteenth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}
* (Germany): abbreviation of German word Deutschland (“Germany”)

(biochemistry) IUPAC one-letter abbreviation for aspartic acid.


E

From the Etruscan letter 𐌄 (e, “e”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ε (E, “epsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤄 (h, “he”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓀠.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for glutamic acid


R

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine.


C

* (element symbol, carbon): abbreviation
* (metrology, coulomb): abbreviation
* (computing, hexadecimal 12): From its position as the twelfth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for cysteine


N

From the Etruscan letter 𐌍 (n, en), from the Ancient Greek letter Ν (N, nu), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤍 (n, nun), possibly from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓆓.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for aspargine


P

From the Etruscan letter 𐌐 (p, “pe”), from the Ancient Greek letter Π (P, “pi”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤐 (p, “pe”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂋.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for proline


V

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y and U.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for valine


W

From a modification of the Latin letter V (“ve”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲.
Its use as a symbol for tungsten is based on German Wolfram.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for tryptophan.


K

From the Etruscan letter 𐌊 (k, “ka”), from the Ancient Greek letter Κ (K, “kappa”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤊 (k, “kap”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂧.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for lysine.


Y

A late borrowing from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), first used to write Greek loanwords in Latin, derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of U and V.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for tyrosine


H

From the Etruscan letter 𐌇 (h, he), from the Ancient Greek letter Η (Ē, eta), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤇 (ḥ, het), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓈈 or maybe 𓉗.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for histidine


Z

From the Etruscan letter 𐌆 (z, “ze”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ζ (Z, “zeta”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤆 (z, “zayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏭.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for either glutamine or glutamic acid


T

From the Etruscan letter 𐌕 (t, “te”), from the Ancient Greek letter Τ (T, “tau”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤕 (t, “taw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏴.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for threonine


M

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of methionine, as established by IUPAC.


Q

English: max Q

Ancient Greek language
Egyptian language
Etruscan language
Phoenician language
Q

From the Etruscan letter 𐌒 (q, “cu”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ϙ (Q, “qoppa”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤒 (q, “qop”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃻.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for glutamine.


S

From the Etruscan letter 𐌔 (s, “es”), from the Ancient Greek letter Σ (S, “sigma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤔 (š, “šin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌒.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for serine


tartaric acid

en-noun

tartaric acid (countable and uncountable, plural tartaric acids)

From Medieval Latin tartarum (“tartar”).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The aldaric acid, 2,3 dihydroxy-succinic acid, that occurs naturally in many plants, in wine and in tamarind; it is used as the salts cream of tartar and Rochelle salt.

àcid tartàric

the aldaric acid, 2,3 dihydroxy-succinic acid, that occurs naturally in many plants, in wine and in tamarind


toluic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of the three isomers ortho-, meta- and para- methylbenzoic acid, derived from toluene.


valeric acid

(organic chemistry) A short chain aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₃COOH, obtained from the roots of valerian; used in perfume, flavourings, pharmaceuticals


trans fatty acid

trans fatty acid (plural trans fatty acids)

Recently, however, scientists have found that trans fatty acids produced by hydrogenation actually raise blood cholesterol levels.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 1, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated fatty acid in which one or more of the double bonds has the trans orientation instead of the usual cis orientation.


uric acid

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) a bicyclic heterocyclic phenolic compound, formed in the body by the metabolism of protein and excreted in the urine (or in faeces, as in birds and insects)


acid rain

acid rain (countable and uncountable, plural acid rains)

Coined in 1872 by Scottish chemist Robert Angus Smith.

Acid rain forms when water in the atmosphere condenses on particles containing acid-forming pollutants, such as sulfate produced by the burning of fossil fuels and nitrogen oxides from automobile exhausts.

1987 January 20, “Airborne Pollutants”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.


EPA

eicosapentaenoic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of eicosapentaenoic acid.


EPA

Acronym of Enhetsprisaktiebolaget (“The uniform price stock company”).
The vehicles got their name in comparison to the department stores' wares: for being cheap and of low quality.

acronym

A chain of low-price (and sometimes low-quality) department stores that existed between 1930 and 1978.


EPA

Borrowed from English EPA, acronym of eicosapentaenoic acid.

eicosapentaenoic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid


AHA

en-noun

AHA (countable and uncountable, plural AHAs)

alpha-hydroxy acid
alpha-hydroxy acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of alpha-hydroxy acid.


I

From the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, iota), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, yod), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for isoleucine


DHA

docosahexaenoic acid
docosahexaenoic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Acronym of docosahexaenoic acid.


TCA

TCA (countable and uncountable, plural TCAs)

tricarboxylic acid
tricarboxylic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of tricarboxylic acid.


DPA

DPA (countable and uncountable, plural DPAs)

docosapentaenoic acid
docosapentaenoic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of docosapentaenoic acid.


aspargine

aspargine (countable and uncountable, plural aspargines)

(biochemistry) Alternative form of asparagine.


isoleucine

isoleucine (countable and uncountable, plural isoleucines)

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid, C₆H₁₃NO₂, isomeric with leucine, found in most animal proteins.


leucine

leucine (countable and uncountable, plural leucines)

Derived from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + -ine.

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid, C₆H₁₃NO₂, isomeric with isoleucine, found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth in children.


phenylalanine

phenylalanine (countable and uncountable, plural phenylalanines)

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid C₉H₁₁NO₂ found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth; the inability to metabolize it leads to phenylketonuria; it is a constituent of aspartame.


threonine

threonine (countable and uncountable, plural threonines)

(biochemistry) An essential amino acid C₄H₉NO₃ found in most animal proteins.


glutamine

glutamine (countable and uncountable, plural glutamines)

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid C₅H₁₀N₂O₃ found in most animal and plant proteins.


methionine

methionine (countable and uncountable, plural methionines)

/mɪˈθʌɪəniːn/

/mɪˈθʌɪənɪn/

/mɛˈθaɪəˌniːn/

The purpose was to make soya beans more healthy for those for whom they are a staple food by correcting soya beans' natural deficiency in a chemical called methionine.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 253:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A lipotropic, sulphur-containing essential amino acid, C₅H₁₁NO₂S, found in most protein.


proline

proline (countable and uncountable, plural prolines)

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid C₅H₉NO₂ found in most animal proteins, especially collagen; its cyclic structure leads to kinks in the peptide chain of proteins.


tyrosine

tyrosine (countable and uncountable, plural tyrosines)

From Ancient Greek τῡρός (tūrós, “cheese”) + -ine (since first discovered in cheese); surface analysis is approximately tyro- + -ine.

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid found in most animal proteins, especially casein


cysteine

cysteine (countable and uncountable, plural cysteines)

(biochemistry) A sulphur-containing nonessential amino acid C₃H₇NO₂S found in most animal proteins; it readily oxidizes to cystine.

Cys when viewed as a monomer in proteins


arginine

arginine (countable and uncountable, plural arginines)

/ˈɑːdʒɪniːn/

From German Arginin, from Ancient Greek ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”) and ἀργινόεις (arginóeis, “silvery, brightly shining”) in reference to arginine nitrate crystals' silver-white appearance when first refined from lupin seedlings by Ernst Schulze and Ernst Steiger in 1886.

der

Since arginine is a normal component and plays an important role in the glucose transport mechanism, arginates can easily serve as acceptors for glucose.

2010, Hans Nieper, The Curious Man: The Life and Works of Dr. Hans Nieper, page 67:

An amino acid found in animal foods that plays an important role in several physiological processes.


glycine

en-noun

glycine (countable and uncountable, plural glycines)

Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”) + -ine

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid, amino-acetic acid, C₂H₅NO₂ found in most proteins but especially in sugar cane; the simplest amino acid.


alanine

alanine (countable and uncountable, plural alanines)

From aldehyde + -anine, in reference to aldehyde, with the infix -an- for ease of pronunciation, when the German chemist Adolph Strecker first synthesized alanine in 1850 by mixing acetaldehyde (then just known as aldehyde) with ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrochloric acid.

Potatoes can be a good source of alanine.

Furthermore, wedelolactone also increased the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the level of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, therefore decreasing the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

2015 July 14, “Wedelolactone Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Improves Hepatic Steatosis Partly by AMPK Activation and Up-Regulation of Expression of PPARα/LPL and LDLR”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins


sorbic acid

Latin sorbum (“the rowan or serviceberry”).

uder

(organic chemistry) an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH₃.CH:CH.CH:CH.COOH, found in Rowan berries, and used as a preservative


aqua regia

/ˈɑː.kwə ˈɹeɪ.ɡi.ə/

/ˌækwə ˈɹiː.ʒə/

ăʹkwə-rēʹjē-ə

Borrowed from Latin aqua regia (literally “royal water”), so named because it is one of the few solvents capable of dissolving noble metals.

bor+

Consider another example. If gold is placed in aqua regia then it dissolves. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids that dissolves gold or platinum. Observation of gold dissolving in aqua regia (argument 1 1) lends credence to the above conditional statement.
Not placing the gold into aqua regia and gold not dissolving (argument 0 0) does not disprove the truth-value of this conditional.

2005, D.J. Krus, Elements of Propositional Calculus:

(inorganic chemistry, archaic) A mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part concentrated nitric acid, named for its ability to dissolve gold.


cyanocarbon acid

en-noun

cyanocarbon acid (plural cyanocarbon acids)

(organic chemistry) a class of strong organic acids, only known as their salts in which the negative charge is stabilized by resonance.


shikimic acid

(organic chemistry) A naturally occurring organic compound, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, extracted commercially from star anise; it is the base of very many natural products and is used in the production of the antiviral drug Tamiflu.


кислота

uk-noun

кислота́ • (kyslotá) f inan (genitive кислоти́, nominative plural кисло́ти, genitive plural кисло́т, relational adjective кисло́тний)

кислота́ (canonical)
kyslotá (romanization)
кислоти́ (genitive)
кисло́ти (nominative plural)
кисло́т (genitive plural)
кисло́тний (adjective relational)
кислота́ (nominative singular)
кисло́ти (nominative plural)
кислоти́ (genitive singular)
кисло́т (genitive plural)
кислоті́ (dative singular)
кисло́там (dative plural)
кислоту́ (accusative singular)
кисло́ти (accusative plural)
кислото́ю (instrumental singular)
кисло́тами (instrumental plural)
кислоті́ (locative singular)
кисло́тах (locative plural)
кисло́то (singular vocative)
кисло́ти (plural vocative)

Uk-кислота.ogg

From ки́слий (kýslyj, “sour, acidic”, adjective) + -ота́ (-otá, suffix).


humic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a complex mixture of organic acids produced by the decomposition of vegetable matter.


trans fat

coronary heart disease
coronary heart disease

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated fat with carbon-carbon double bonds in the trans configuration, especially one prepared by partial hydrogenation, associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease.

反式脂肪

unsaturated fat with bonds in the trans configuration


Tyr

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of tyrosine


heptanoic acid

(organic chemistry) the aliphatic carboxylic acid having seven carbon atoms, CH₃(CH₂)₅COOH; enanthic acid


carminic acid

(organic chemistry) a phenolic quinone that is the main constituent of cochineal


hydroxy acid

(organic chemistry) a carboxylic acid that also contains a hydroxy group


alpha-hydroxy acid

en-noun

alpha-hydroxy acid (plural alpha-hydroxy acids)

alpha-hydroxy acids (plural)
AHA (abbreviation)

(organic chemistry) Any hydroxy acid, of general formula RCH(OH)COOH, used in the cosmetic industry for their supposed property of reducing wrinkles.


glycolic acid

(organic chemistry) the simplest alpha-hydroxy acid, hydroxy-acetic acid, found in sugar cane and unripe grapes; used in cosmetics etc


betanin

betanin (countable and uncountable, plural betanins)

(organic chemistry) A glycoside obtained from beetroot.

betanin

the glycoside also known as beetroot red


polychromatic acid

(chemistry) A substance obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.


niobic acid

(inorganic chemistry) the hypothetical acid HNbO₃ derived from niobic oxide Nb₂O₅, only known as its salts, the niobates


citraconic acid

(organic chemistry) one of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, cis-CH₃-C(CO₂H)=CHCO₂H; the trans-isomer is mesaconic acid


mesaconic acid

(organic chemistry) one of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, trans-CH₃-C(CO₂H)=CHCO₂H; the cis-isomer is citraconic acid


itaconic acid

Anagram of aconitic, modelled on German Itaconsäure as an anagram of Aconitsäure (“aconitic acid”), coined by Gustav Crasso (1840).

(organic chemistry) One of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, CH₂=C(CO₂H)-CH₂CO₂H.


pyroligneous acid

destructive distillation
destructive distillation

(organic chemistry) A dark liquid, produced by destructive distillation of wood; containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars; once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.


pyromalic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) Maleic acid.


chlorous acid

(inorganic chemistry) an unstable acid, HClO₂, known only in solution or as its salts, the chlorites; it is a strong oxidizing agent


chlorane

(inorganic chemistry) The hydride of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, HCl


aldaric acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of polyhydroxy dicarboxylic acids derived from an aldose by oxidation at both terminal carbon atoms.


aldonic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehyde functional group.

ácido aldônico

any of a class of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids


gallic acid

trihydroxybenzoic acid
trihydroxybenzoic acid

(organic chemistry) a phenolic carboxylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in galls, tea, the bark of some trees etc; a constituent of tannin


azonic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds of general formula RN⁺(O⁻)(OH)₂


Brønsted acid

From Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, Danish physical chemist.

Any molecular entity capable of donating a proton to a base.


fluorescein

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted; used forensically to detect traces of blood, and in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations

fluorescéine

any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted


glycaric acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) any aldaric acid


glyco-amino-acid

(biochemistry) any glycoside of an amino acid (linked via O-, N- or S-)


uronic acid

(organic chemistry) Any carboxylic acid formed by oxidation of the terminal -CH₂OH of an aldose


mucopolysaccharide

(organic chemistry) Any polysaccharide consisting of alternating units of uronic acids and glycosamines, sometimes esterified with sulfuric acid.


prostanoic acid

(organic chemistry) a C₂₀ fatty acid, containing a cyclopentane ring, that is the basis of the prostaglandins


stearate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of stearic acid.


oxamic acid

oxamic acid (countable and uncountable, plural oxamic acids)

(organic chemistry) The monoamide of oxalic acid H₂NC(=O)C(=O)OH; any derivative of this compound


sulfinic acid

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The compound HS(=O)OH, and any of its S-hydrocarbyl derivatives


ketoaldonic acid

ketoaldonic acid (plural ketoaldonic acids)

(organic chemistry) any monosaccharide, having both a keto group and a carboxylic acid group, that is in equilibrium with a hemiacetal structure


ulosonic acid

ulosonic acid (countable and uncountable, plural ulosonic acids)


GHB

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, often used as a date rape drug.


cystine

cystine (countable and uncountable, plural cystines)

From Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder”), where it was found.

uder

nonessential amino acid
nonessential amino acid

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine; it contains two cysteine residues linked by a disulfide bond.


hydroxybutyric acid

en-noun

hydroxybutyric acid (plural hydroxybutyric acids)

alphahydroxybutyric acid - 2-hydroxy-butanoic acid

betahydroxybutyric acid - 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid

gammahydroxybutyric acid - 4-hydroxy-butanoic acid

2-hydroxy, 2-methylpropanoic acid

3-hydroxy, 2-methylpropanoic acid

(organic chemistry) Either of the isomeric compounds formed from a butyric acid by substituting a hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group


vitamin A acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry) Synonym of retinoic acid


vitamin B3

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) niacin


furosemide

furosemide (countable and uncountable, plural furosemides)

Probably from fur(yl) + -o- + -semide (“alteration of s(ulfon)amide”).

af

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A diuretic (trademark Lasix) used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema.


dithionous acid

(inorganic chemistry) the unstable acid H₂S₂O₄, known only as its derivatives, the dithionites


acid of milk

(obsolete, organic chemistry) lactic acid


acid of apples

(obsolete, organic chemistry) malic acid


acid of sugar

If you distil the nitrous acid on silk, wool, hairs, or skin, you obtain a certain quantity of animal oil, different from that which forms fat, and a portion of acid similar to the acid of sugar […]

1784 July 20, “History of the Royal Academy of Sciences, for the year 1780”, in A New Review, volume 6, page 57:

This is not all: who would suspect under the specious guise of “acid of sugar,” an envenomed drug?

1828, John Murray, A Manual of Experiments illustrative of Chemical Science, page 4:

It exists plentifully in several well-known plants, as the beautiful Wood-sorrel; but, obtainable from saccharine matter by a chemical process, it has acquired the vulgar name of Acid of Sugar.

1829, Shirley Palmer, Popular illustrations of medicine, page 101:

(obsolete, organic chemistry) oxalic acid


auric acid

(inorganic chemistry) The compound, HAuO₂, formed from the hydrated oxide Au(OH)₃ as a brown powder


citronsyra

citronsyra (indefinite nominative singular)


octadecanoic acid

(organic chemistry) Synonym of stearic acid


Lasix

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A brand of the drug furosemide.


frusemide

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Former BAN name of the drug furosemide.


resin acid

(organic chemistry) Any of many terpenoid acids produced by the resin ducts of conifers.


abietic acid

From Latin abiet, abies (“silver fir”) + English -ic (“having the character of”), + acid.

(organic chemistry) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C₁₉H₂₉COOH

abiëtinezuur

a yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes


amygdalic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) mandelic acid


mandelic acid

(organic chemistry) 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid, C₆H₅CH(OH)COOH; originally extracted from bitter almonds, it has antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties.


abscisic acid

(biochemistry) A terpenoid best known as a plant hormone that inhibits seed germination and was once thought to be important in abscission.


crocetin

en-noun

crocetin (countable and uncountable, plural crocetins)

(organic chemistry) A natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower.


all-trans retinoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Tretinoin.


tretinoin

tretinoin (usually uncountable, plural tretinoins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The all-trans isomer of retinoic acid that is applied to the skin to treat severe acne and reduce facial wrinkles, roughness, and pigmented spots.


ATRA

all-trans retinoic acid
all-trans retinoic acid#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of all-trans retinoic acid.


アラニン

nonessential amino acid
nonessential amino acid#English

(biochemistry) alanine (a nonessential amino acid C₃H₇NO₂ found in most animal proteins)


グルタミン

[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟ta̠mʲĩɴ]


アスパラギン酸

アスパラギン酸 (canonical)
asuparagin-san (romanization)

[a̠sɨpa̠ɾa̠ɡʲĩɰ̃sã̠ɴ]

アスパラギン (asuparagin, “asparagine”) + 酸 (-san, “acid”)


アスパラギン

[a̠sɨpa̠ɾa̠ɡʲĩɴ]

From English asparagine or German Asparagin.


asparagine

From French asparagine, from Latin asparagus + French -ine. By surface analysis, asparagus + -ine.

(biochemistry) A nonessential amino acid C₄H₈N₂O₃ found in plants such as asparagus.


asparagine

→ English: asparagine


beta-amino acid

en-noun

beta-amino acid (plural beta-amino acids)

(biochemistry) Any amino acid that has the amino and carboxylic functional groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms; beta-alanine is the only one that occurs in nature, but not in peptides or proteins.


alpha-amino acid

alpha-amino acid (plural alpha-amino acids)

(biochemistry) Any amino acid that has the amino and carboxylic functional groups attached to the same carbon atom; especially those amino acids that occur naturally as peptides and proteins.

alfa-aminoácido

any amino acid that has the amino and carboxylic functional groups attached to the same carbon atom


vinagro

eo-head

vinagro (accusative singular vinagron, plural vinagroj, accusative plural vinagrojn)

vinagron (accusative singular)
vinagroj (plural)
vinagrojn (accusative plural)

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-vinagro.wav

Borrowed from French vinaigre and English vinegar.


polyacrylate

(organic chemistry) Any polymer of acrylic acid or its esters or salts

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of polyacrylic acid


polyacrylic acid

en-noun

polyacrylic acid (plural polyacrylic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any polymer of acrylic acid


10-undecenoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The common name for undecylenic acid.


undecylenic acid

unsaturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An organic unsaturated fatty acid derived from natural castor oil (ricinoleic acid). It has fungicidal properties and is used in the treatment of skin disorders, nail fungus etc.


kyselina fosforečná

kyselina forforečná (canonical feminine)
kyselina forforečná (nominative singular)
kyseliny forforečné (nominative plural)
kyseliny forforečné (genitive singular)
kyselin forforečných (genitive plural)
kyselině forforečné (dative singular)
kyselinám forforečným (dative plural)
kyselinu forforečnou (accusative singular)
kyseliny forforečné (accusative plural)
kyselino forforečná (singular vocative)
kyseliny forforečné (plural vocative)
kyselině forforečné (locative singular)
kyselinách forforečných (locative plural)
kyselinou forforečnou (instrumental singular)
kyselinami forforečnými (instrumental plural)


aminokyselina

aminokyselina (nominative singular)
aminokyseliny (nominative plural)
aminokyseliny (genitive singular)
aminokyselin (genitive plural)
aminokyselině (dative singular)
aminokyselinám (dative plural)
aminokyselinu (accusative singular)
aminokyseliny (accusative plural)
aminokyselino (singular vocative)
aminokyseliny (plural vocative)
aminokyselině (locative singular)
aminokyselinách (locative plural)
aminokyselinou (instrumental singular)
aminokyselinami (instrumental plural)


neuraminic acid

(organic chemistry) A 9-carbon atom amino carbohydrate, 5-amino-3,5-dideoxy- D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid, many of whose derivatives are found in nature, mostly as glycoproteins and gangliosides


sialic acid

sialic acid (countable and uncountable, plural sialic acids)

1987, The FASEB Journal, Volume 1, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, page 231,
We have previously shown that the study of O-acetyl esters on the sialic acids is fraught with difficulties.

Intralysosomal accumulation of free sialic acid both in vivo and in vitro in Salla disease is due to a defect of the transport mechanism of sialic acid in lysosomal membranes [Renlund et al, 1983b, 1986a, b; Mancini et al 1986].

1987, American Journal of Medical Genetics, Volume 28, page 383:

1997, International Journal of Oncology, Volume 10, Issue 4, Lychnia, page 761,
Figure 3. Relationship between the disease-free survival rate and sialic acid expression in 100 breast cancer patients following curative surgery.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a group of amino carbohydrates that are substituted forms of neuraminic acid and can be components of glycoproteins and mucoproteins.


gamma-hydroxybutyric acid

gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (plural gamma-hydroxybutyric acids)

gamma-hydroxybutyric acids (plural)
as: GHB (abbreviation)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) A naturally-occurring biochemical of uncertain function; sometimes used as a recreational drug


methanoic acid

(organic chemistry) The simplest carboxylic acid, HCOOH, a colorless, corrosive liquid with a sharp odor; it is present in the stings of ants, bees and nettles, and is prepared industrially by oxidation of methanol or formaldehyde; it has some industrial uses, and its esters, the methanoates, are used in perfumes.


Brønsted-Lowry acid

Brønsted-Lowry acid (plural Brønsted-Lowry acids)

Any chemical species that acts as a donor of protons


Bronsted-Lowry acid

Bronsted-Lowry acid (plural Bronsted-Lowry acids)

Brønsted-Lowry acid
Brønsted-Lowry acid#English

Alternative spelling of Brønsted-Lowry acid


aristolochic acid

(organic chemistry) A carboxylic acid derived from phenanthrene extracted from plants of the family Aristolochiaceae; though sometimes used as a herbal remedy, it is a rodent carcinogen and can cause endemic nephropathy in humans.

ácido aristolóquico

carboxylic acid extracted from plants of the family Aristolochiaceae


2-methyl-2-propenoic acid

(organic chemistry) The IUPAC name for methacrylic acid.


λυσίνη

head

λυσίνη • (lysíni) f

el-noun

λυσίνη • (lysíni) f

lysíni (romanization)
λυσίνη (nominative singular)
λυσίνης (genitive singular)
λυσίνη (accusative singular)
λυσίνη (singular vocative)


arginin

arginin (indefinite nominative singular)


Arginin

de-noun

Arginin n (strong, genitive Arginins, plural Arginine)

Arginins (genitive)
Arginine (plural)
Arginin (nominative singular)
Arginine (definite nominative plural)
Arginins (genitive singular)
Arginine (definite genitive plural)
Arginin (dative singular)
Argininen (dative definite plural)
Arginin (accusative singular)
Arginine (accusative definite plural)


アルギニン

[a̠ɾɯ̟ɡʲiɲ̟ĩɴ]


αργινίνη

arginíni (romanization)
αργινίνη (nominative singular)
αργινίνης (genitive singular)
αργινίνη (accusative singular)
αργινίνη (singular vocative)


аргинин

ru-noun+

аргини́н • (arginín) m inan (genitive аргини́на, uncountable)

аргини́н (canonical)
arginín (romanization)
аргини́на (genitive)
аргини́н (nominative singular)
аргини́на (genitive singular)
аргини́ну (dative singular)
аргини́н (accusative singular)
аргини́ном (instrumental singular)
аргини́не (prepositional singular)

[ɐrɡʲɪˈnʲin]


lizino

eo-head

lizino (uncountable, accusative lizinon)


lizyna

lizyna (nominative singular)
lizyny (nominative plural)
lizyny (genitive singular)
lizyn (genitive plural)
lizynie (dative singular)
lizynom (dative plural)
lizynę (accusative singular)
lizyny (accusative plural)
lizyną (instrumental singular)
lizynami (instrumental plural)
lizynie (locative singular)
lizynach (locative plural)
lizyno (singular vocative)
lizyny (plural vocative)


lysina

la-noun

lysina f (genitive lysinae); first declension

lysinae (genitive)
lysina (nominative singular)
lysinae (nominative plural)
lysinae (genitive singular)
lysinārum (genitive plural)
lysinae (dative singular)
lysinīs (dative plural)
lysinam (accusative singular)
lysinās (accusative plural)
lysinā (ablative singular)
lysinīs (ablative plural)
lysina (singular vocative)
lysinae (plural vocative)


arginina

arginina f (genitive argininae); first declension

argininae (genitive)
arginina (nominative singular)
argininae (nominative plural)
argininae (genitive singular)
argininārum (genitive plural)
argininae (dative singular)
argininīs (dative plural)
argininam (accusative singular)
argininās (accusative plural)
argininā (ablative singular)
argininīs (ablative plural)
arginina (singular vocative)
argininae (plural vocative)


arginina

arginina (nominative singular)
argininy (genitive singular)
argininie (dative singular)
argininę (accusative singular)
argininą (instrumental singular)
argininie (locative singular)
arginino (singular vocative)


lizin

lizinek (plural)
lizin (nominative singular)
lizinek (nominative plural)
lizint (accusative singular)
lizineket (accusative plural)
lizinnek (dative singular)
lizineknek (dative plural)
lizinnel (instrumental singular)
lizinekkel (instrumental plural)
lizinért (causal-final singular)
lizinekért (causal-final plural)
lizinné (singular translative)
lizinekké (plural translative)
lizinig (singular terminative)
lizinekig (plural terminative)
lizinként (essive-formal singular)
lizinekként (essive-formal plural)
lizinben (inessive singular)
lizinekben (inessive plural)
lizinen (singular superessive)
lizineken (plural superessive)
lizinnél (adessive singular)
lizineknél (adessive plural)
lizinbe (illative singular)
lizinekbe (illative plural)
lizinre (singular sublative)
lizinekre (plural sublative)
lizinhez (allative singular)
lizinekhez (allative plural)
lizinből (elative singular)
lizinekből (elative plural)
lizinről (delative singular)
lizinekről (delative plural)
lizintől (ablative singular)
lizinektől (ablative plural)
liziné (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
lizineké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
lizinéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
lizinekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
lizinem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
lizinjeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
lizined (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
lizinjeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
lizinje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
lizinjei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
lizinünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
lizinjeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
lizinetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
lizinjeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
lizinjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lizinjeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


lysiini

lysiini (nominative singular)
lysiinit (nominative plural)
lysiini (accusative nominative singular)
lysiinit (accusative nominative plural)
lysiinin (accusative genitive singular)
lysiinit (accusative genitive plural)
lysiinin (genitive singular)
lysiinien (genitive plural)
lysiiniä (partitive singular)
lysiinejä (partitive plural)
lysiinissä (inessive singular)
lysiineissä (inessive plural)
lysiinistä (elative singular)
lysiineistä (elative plural)
lysiiniin (illative singular)
lysiineihin (illative plural)
lysiinillä (adessive singular)
lysiineillä (adessive plural)
lysiiniltä (ablative singular)
lysiineiltä (ablative plural)
lysiinille (allative singular)
lysiineille (allative plural)
lysiininä (essive singular)
lysiineinä (essive plural)
lysiiniksi (singular translative)
lysiineiksi (plural translative)
lysiinittä (abessive singular)
lysiineittä (abessive plural)
lysiinein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
lysiinini (nominative singular)
lysiinini (nominative plural)
lysiinini (accusative nominative singular)
lysiinini (accusative nominative plural)
lysiinini (accusative genitive singular)
lysiinini (accusative genitive plural)
lysiinini (genitive singular)
lysiinieni (genitive plural)
lysiiniäni (partitive singular)
lysiinejäni (partitive plural)
lysiinissäni (inessive singular)
lysiineissäni (inessive plural)
lysiinistäni (elative singular)
lysiineistäni (elative plural)
lysiiniini (illative singular)
lysiineihini (illative plural)
lysiinilläni (adessive singular)
lysiineilläni (adessive plural)
lysiiniltäni (ablative singular)
lysiineiltäni (ablative plural)
lysiinilleni (allative singular)
lysiineilleni (allative plural)
lysiininäni (essive singular)
lysiineinäni (essive plural)
lysiinikseni (singular translative)
lysiineikseni (plural translative)
lysiinittäni (abessive singular)
lysiineittäni (abessive plural)
lysiineineni (comitative plural)
lysiinisi (nominative singular)
lysiinisi (nominative plural)
lysiinisi (accusative nominative singular)
lysiinisi (accusative nominative plural)
lysiinisi (accusative genitive singular)
lysiinisi (accusative genitive plural)
lysiinisi (genitive singular)
lysiiniesi (genitive plural)
lysiiniäsi (partitive singular)
lysiinejäsi (partitive plural)
lysiinissäsi (inessive singular)
lysiineissäsi (inessive plural)
lysiinistäsi (elative singular)
lysiineistäsi (elative plural)
lysiiniisi (illative singular)
lysiineihisi (illative plural)
lysiinilläsi (adessive singular)
lysiineilläsi (adessive plural)
lysiiniltäsi (ablative singular)
lysiineiltäsi (ablative plural)
lysiinillesi (allative singular)
lysiineillesi (allative plural)
lysiininäsi (essive singular)
lysiineinäsi (essive plural)
lysiiniksesi (singular translative)
lysiineiksesi (plural translative)
lysiinittäsi (abessive singular)
lysiineittäsi (abessive plural)
lysiineinesi (comitative plural)
lysiinimme (nominative singular)
lysiinimme (nominative plural)
lysiinimme (accusative nominative singular)
lysiinimme (accusative nominative plural)
lysiinimme (accusative genitive singular)
lysiinimme (accusative genitive plural)
lysiinimme (genitive singular)
lysiiniemme (genitive plural)
lysiiniämme (partitive singular)
lysiinejämme (partitive plural)
lysiinissämme (inessive singular)
lysiineissämme (inessive plural)
lysiinistämme (elative singular)
lysiineistämme (elative plural)
lysiiniimme (illative singular)
lysiineihimme (illative plural)
lysiinillämme (adessive singular)
lysiineillämme (adessive plural)
lysiiniltämme (ablative singular)
lysiineiltämme (ablative plural)
lysiinillemme (allative singular)
lysiineillemme (allative plural)
lysiininämme (essive singular)
lysiineinämme (essive plural)
lysiiniksemme (singular translative)
lysiineiksemme (plural translative)
lysiinittämme (abessive singular)
lysiineittämme (abessive plural)
lysiineinemme (comitative plural)
lysiininne (nominative singular)
lysiininne (nominative plural)
lysiininne (accusative nominative singular)
lysiininne (accusative nominative plural)
lysiininne (accusative genitive singular)
lysiininne (accusative genitive plural)
lysiininne (genitive singular)
lysiinienne (genitive plural)
lysiiniänne (partitive singular)
lysiinejänne (partitive plural)
lysiinissänne (inessive singular)
lysiineissänne (inessive plural)
lysiinistänne (elative singular)
lysiineistänne (elative plural)
lysiiniinne (illative singular)
lysiineihinne (illative plural)
lysiinillänne (adessive singular)
lysiineillänne (adessive plural)
lysiiniltänne (ablative singular)
lysiineiltänne (ablative plural)
lysiinillenne (allative singular)
lysiineillenne (allative plural)
lysiininänne (essive singular)
lysiineinänne (essive plural)
lysiiniksenne (singular translative)
lysiineiksenne (plural translative)
lysiinittänne (abessive singular)
lysiineittänne (abessive plural)
lysiineinenne (comitative plural)
lysiininsä (nominative singular)
lysiininsä (nominative plural)
lysiininsä (accusative nominative singular)
lysiininsä (accusative nominative plural)
lysiininsä (accusative genitive singular)
lysiininsä (accusative genitive plural)
lysiininsä (genitive singular)
lysiiniensä (genitive plural)
lysiiniään (partitive singular)
lysiiniänsä (partitive singular)
lysiinejään (partitive plural)
lysiinejänsä (partitive plural)
lysiinissään (inessive singular)
lysiinissänsä (inessive singular)
lysiineissään (inessive plural)
lysiineissänsä (inessive plural)
lysiinistään (elative singular)
lysiinistänsä (elative singular)
lysiineistään (elative plural)
lysiineistänsä (elative plural)
lysiiniinsä (illative singular)
lysiineihinsä (illative plural)
lysiinillään (adessive singular)
lysiinillänsä (adessive singular)
lysiineillään (adessive plural)
lysiineillänsä (adessive plural)
lysiiniltään (ablative singular)
lysiiniltänsä (ablative singular)
lysiineiltään (ablative plural)
lysiineiltänsä (ablative plural)
lysiinilleen (allative singular)
lysiinillensä (allative singular)
lysiineilleen (allative plural)
lysiineillensä (allative plural)
lysiininään (essive singular)
lysiininänsä (essive singular)
lysiineinään (essive plural)
lysiineinänsä (essive plural)
lysiinikseen (singular translative)
lysiiniksensä (singular translative)
lysiineikseen (plural translative)
lysiineiksensä (plural translative)
lysiinittään (abessive singular)
lysiinittänsä (abessive singular)
lysiineittään (abessive plural)
lysiineittänsä (abessive plural)
lysiineineen (comitative plural)
lysiineinensä (comitative plural)


leukotriene

From leuko- + triene, coined by Swedish biochemist Bengt I. Samuelsson.

(organic chemistry) Any of several physiologically active lipids, related to the prostaglandins, that participate in allergic responses.

白三烯

any of several physiologically active lipids


賴氨酸

/laɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/laːi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

/laɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/laːi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

From English lysine + 氨酸 (ānsuān, “amino acid”).


jasmonic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) An oxylipin lipid, containing a cyclopentanone ring, related to the prostaglandins; its esters, the jasmonates, are responsible for the smell of jasmine and act as plant hormones


dopa

(biochemistry) The amino acid dihydroxyphenylalanine that is generated in the liver from tyrosine and then converted into dopamine in the brain.


gamma-aminobutyric acid

(biochemistry) An amino acid found in the nervous systems of vertebrates and acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Abbreviated as GABA.


kungsvatten

kungsvatten (indefinite nominative singular)


saltsyra

saltsyra (indefinite nominative singular)


kyselina chlorovodíková

kyselina chlorovodíková (nominative singular)
kyseliny chlorovodíkové (nominative plural)
kyseliny chlorovodíkové (genitive singular)
kyselin chlorovodíkových (genitive plural)
kyselině chlorovodíkové (dative singular)
kyselinám chlorovodíkovým (dative plural)
kyselinu chlorovodíkovou (accusative singular)
kyseliny chlorovodíkové (accusative plural)
kyselino chlorovodíková (singular vocative)
kyseliny chlorovodíkové (plural vocative)
kyselině chlorovodíkové (locative singular)
kyselinách chlorovodíkových (locative plural)
kyselinou chlorovodíkovou (instrumental singular)
kyselinami chlorovodíkovými (instrumental plural)


ellagic acid

(organic chemistry) A polyphenol antioxidant found in many fruits and vegetables including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, pecans, pomegranates and other plant foods.


selenocysteine

en-noun

selenocysteine (countable and uncountable, plural selenocysteines)

(biochemistry) A naturally-occurring amino acid, present in several enzymes, whose structure is that of cysteine but with the sulfur atom replaced by one of selenium


karboxylová kyselina

karboxylová kyselina (nominative singular)
karboxylové kyseliny (nominative plural)
karboxylové kyseliny (genitive singular)
karboxylových kyselin (genitive plural)
karboxylové kyselině (dative singular)
karboxylovým kyselinám (dative plural)
karboxylovou kyselinu (accusative singular)
karboxylové kyseliny (accusative plural)
karboxylová kyselino (singular vocative)
karboxylové kyseliny (plural vocative)
karboxylové kyselině (locative singular)
karboxylových kyselinách (locative plural)
karboxylovou kyselinou (instrumental singular)
karboxylovými kyselinami (instrumental plural)


alanina

alanina (nominative singular)
alaniny (nominative plural)
alaniny (genitive singular)
alanin (genitive plural)
alaninie (dative singular)
alaninom (dative plural)
alaninę (accusative singular)
alaniny (accusative plural)
alaniną (instrumental singular)
alaninami (instrumental plural)
alaninie (locative singular)
alaninach (locative plural)
alanino (singular vocative)
alaniny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French alanine. First attested in the 20th c..

ref

J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900–1927), “alanina”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warsaw


DCA

dichloroacetic acid
dichloroacetic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of dichloroacetic acid.


glyphosate

en-noun

glyphosate (countable and uncountable, plural glyphosates)

Two-thirds of Europeans support a ban on glyphosate, the most widely used agricultural chemical in the world’s history, according to a new Yougov poll.

2016 April 11, Arthur Neslen, “Two-thirds of Europeans support ban on glyphosate - poll”, in The Guardian:

France led the opposition to allowing the use of glyphosate, the main ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup and in weed killers made by other companies.

2017 November 27, Danny Hakim, “Glyphosate, Top-Selling Weed Killer, Wins E.U. Approval for 5 Years”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) N-phosphonomethyl glycine, the active ingredient of several herbicides that inhibit a plant growth enzyme.


quinic acid

quinic acid (countable and uncountable, plural quinic acids)

From Spanish quina "cinchona bark" (from which it is obtained), from Quechua kina.

(organic chemistry) A white crystalline acid, tetrahydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans and yerba mate; used as an astringent, and in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals


αμινοξύ

head

αμινοξύ • (aminoxý) n (plural αμινοξέα)

el-noun

αμινοξύ • (aminoxý) n (plural αμινοξέα)

aminoxý (romanization)
αμινοξέα (plural)
αμινοξύ (nominative singular)
αμινοξέα (nominative plural)
αμινοξέος (genitive singular)
αμινοξέων (genitive plural)
αμινοξύ (accusative singular)
αμινοξέα (accusative plural)
αμινοξύ (singular vocative)
αμινοξέα (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) amino acid


уксус

uksus (romanization)
уксус (nominative singular)
уксусъяс (nominative plural)
уксус (accusative accusative-i singular)
уксусъяс (accusative accusative-i plural)
уксусӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
уксусъясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
уксусӧн (instrumental singular)
уксусъясӧн (instrumental plural)
уксускӧд (comitative singular)
уксусъяскӧд (comitative plural)
уксустӧг (caritive singular)
уксусъястӧг (caritive plural)
уксусла (consecutive singular)
уксусъясла (consecutive plural)
уксуслӧн (genitive singular)
уксусъяслӧн (genitive plural)
уксуслысь (ablative singular)
уксусъяслысь (ablative plural)
уксуслы (dative singular)
уксусъяслы (dative plural)
уксусын (inessive singular)
уксусъясын (inessive plural)
уксусысь (elative singular)
уксусъясысь (elative plural)
уксусӧ (illative singular)
уксусъясӧ (illative plural)
уксуссянь (egressive singular)
уксусъяссянь (egressive plural)
уксуслань (approximative singular)
уксусъяслань (approximative plural)
уксусӧдз (singular terminative)
уксусъясӧдз (plural terminative)
уксусӧд (prolative prolative-i singular)
уксусъясӧд (plural prolative prolative-i)
уксусті (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уксусъясті (plural prolative prolative-ii)
уксусӧй (nominative singular)
уксусъясӧй (nominative plural)
уксусӧй (accusative accusative-i singular)
уксусъясӧй (accusative accusative-i plural)
уксусӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
уксусъясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
уксуснам (instrumental singular)
уксусъяснам (instrumental plural)
уксусӧйкӧд (comitative singular)
уксусъясӧйкӧд (comitative plural)
уксустӧгым (caritive singular)
уксусъястӧгым (caritive plural)
уксусӧйла (consecutive singular)
уксусъясӧйла (consecutive plural)
уксусӧйлӧн (genitive singular)
уксусъясӧйлӧн (genitive plural)
уксусӧйлысь (ablative singular)
уксусъясӧйлысь (ablative plural)
уксусӧйлы (dative singular)
уксусъясӧйлы (dative plural)
уксусам (inessive singular)
уксусъясам (inessive plural)
уксуссьым (elative singular)
уксусъяссьым (elative plural)
уксусам (illative singular)
уксусъясам (illative plural)
уксуссяньым (egressive singular)
уксусъяссяньым (egressive plural)
уксусланьым (approximative singular)
уксусъясланьым (approximative plural)
уксусӧдзым (singular terminative)
уксусъясӧдзым (plural terminative)
уксусӧдым (prolative prolative-i singular)
уксусъясӧдым (plural prolative prolative-i)
уксустіым (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уксусъястіым (plural prolative prolative-ii)
уксусыд (nominative singular)
уксусъясыд (nominative plural)
уксусыд (accusative accusative-i singular)
уксусъясыд (accusative accusative-i plural)
уксустӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
уксусъястӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
уксуснад (instrumental singular)
уксусъяснад (instrumental plural)
уксусыдкӧд (comitative singular)
уксусъясыдкӧд (comitative plural)
уксустӧгыд (caritive singular)
уксусъястӧгыд (caritive plural)
уксусыдла (consecutive singular)
уксусъясыдла (consecutive plural)
уксусыдлӧн (genitive singular)
уксусъясыдлӧн (genitive plural)
уксусыдлысь (ablative singular)
уксусъясыдлысь (ablative plural)
уксусыдлы (dative singular)
уксусъясыдлы (dative plural)
уксусад (inessive singular)
уксусъясад (inessive plural)
уксуссьыд (elative singular)
уксусъяссьыд (elative plural)
уксусад (illative singular)
уксусъясад (illative plural)
уксуссяньыд (egressive singular)
уксусъяссяньыд (egressive plural)
уксусланьыд (approximative singular)
уксусъясланьыд (approximative plural)
уксусӧдзыд (singular terminative)
уксусъясӧдзыд (plural terminative)
уксусӧдыд (prolative prolative-i singular)
уксусъясӧдыд (plural prolative prolative-i)
уксустіыд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уксусъястіыд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
уксусыс (nominative singular)
уксусъясыс (nominative plural)
уксусыс (accusative accusative-i singular)
уксусъясыс (accusative accusative-i plural)
уксуссӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
уксусъяссӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
уксуснас (instrumental singular)
уксусъяснас (instrumental plural)
уксусыскӧд (comitative singular)
уксусъясыскӧд (comitative plural)
уксустӧгыс (caritive singular)
уксусъястӧгыс (caritive plural)
уксусысла (consecutive singular)
уксусъясысла (consecutive plural)
уксусыслӧн (genitive singular)
уксусъясыслӧн (genitive plural)
уксусыслысь (ablative singular)
уксусъясыслысь (ablative plural)
уксусыслы (dative singular)
уксусъясыслы (dative plural)
уксусас (inessive singular)
уксусъясас (inessive plural)
уксуссьыс (elative singular)
уксусъяссьыс (elative plural)
уксусас (illative singular)
уксусъясас (illative plural)
уксуссяньыс (egressive singular)
уксусъяссяньыс (egressive plural)
уксусланьыс (approximative singular)
уксусъясланьыс (approximative plural)
уксусӧдзыс (singular terminative)
уксусъясӧдзыс (plural terminative)
уксусӧдыс (prolative prolative-i singular)
уксусъясӧдыс (plural prolative prolative-i)
уксустіыс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уксусъястіыс (plural prolative prolative-ii)
уксусным (nominative singular)
уксусъясным (nominative plural)
уксусным (accusative accusative-i singular)
уксусъясным (accusative accusative-i plural)
уксуснымӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
уксусъяснымӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
уксуснаным (instrumental singular)
уксусъяснаным (instrumental plural)
уксуснымкӧд (comitative singular)
уксусъяснымкӧд (comitative plural)
уксустӧгным (caritive singular)
уксусъястӧгным (caritive plural)
уксуснымла (consecutive singular)
уксусъяснымла (consecutive plural)
уксуснымлӧн (genitive singular)
уксусъяснымлӧн (genitive plural)
уксуснымлысь (ablative singular)
уксусъяснымлысь (ablative plural)
уксуснымлы (dative singular)
уксусъяснымлы (dative plural)
уксусаным (inessive singular)
уксусъясаным (inessive plural)
уксуссьыным (elative singular)
уксусъяссьыным (elative plural)
уксусаным (illative singular)
уксусъясаным (illative plural)
уксуссяньным (egressive singular)
уксусъяссяньным (egressive plural)
уксусланьным (approximative singular)
уксусъясланьным (approximative plural)
уксусӧдзным (singular terminative)
уксусъясӧдзным (plural terminative)
уксусӧдным (prolative prolative-i singular)
уксусъясӧдным (plural prolative prolative-i)
уксустіным (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уксусъястіным (plural prolative prolative-ii)
уксусныд (nominative singular)
уксусъясныд (nominative plural)
уксусныд (accusative accusative-i singular)
уксусъясныд (accusative accusative-i plural)
уксуснытӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
уксусъяснытӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
уксуснаныд (instrumental singular)
уксусъяснаныд (instrumental plural)
уксусныдкӧд (comitative singular)
уксусъясныдкӧд (comitative plural)
уксустӧгныд (caritive singular)
уксусъястӧгныд (caritive plural)
уксусныдла (consecutive singular)
уксусъясныдла (consecutive plural)
уксусныдлӧн (genitive singular)
уксусъясныдлӧн (genitive plural)
уксусныдлысь (ablative singular)
уксусъясныдлысь (ablative plural)
уксусныдлы (dative singular)
уксусъясныдлы (dative plural)
уксусаныд (inessive singular)
уксусъясаныд (inessive plural)
уксуссьыныд (elative singular)
уксусъяссьыныд (elative plural)
уксусаныд (illative singular)
уксусъясаныд (illative plural)
уксуссяньныд (egressive singular)
уксусъяссяньныд (egressive plural)
уксусланьныд (approximative singular)
уксусъясланьныд (approximative plural)
уксусӧдзныд (singular terminative)
уксусъясӧдзныд (plural terminative)
уксусӧдныд (prolative prolative-i singular)
уксусъясӧдныд (plural prolative prolative-i)
уксустіныд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уксусъястіныд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
уксусныс (nominative singular)
уксусъясныс (nominative plural)
уксусныс (accusative accusative-i singular)
уксусъясныс (accusative accusative-i plural)
уксуснысӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
уксусъяснысӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
уксуснаныс (instrumental singular)
уксусъяснаныс (instrumental plural)
уксуснымкӧс (comitative singular)
уксусъяснымкӧс (comitative plural)
уксустӧгныс (caritive singular)
уксусъястӧгныс (caritive plural)
уксуснысла (consecutive singular)
уксусъяснысла (consecutive plural)
уксусныслӧн (genitive singular)
уксусъясныслӧн (genitive plural)
уксусныслысь (ablative singular)
уксусъясныслысь (ablative plural)
уксусныслы (dative singular)
уксусъясныслы (dative plural)
уксусаныс (inessive singular)
уксусъясаныс (inessive plural)
уксуссьыныс (elative singular)
уксусъяссьыныс (elative plural)
уксусаныс (illative singular)
уксусъясаныс (illative plural)
уксуссяньныс (egressive singular)
уксусъяссяньныс (egressive plural)
уксусланьныс (approximative singular)
уксусъясланьныс (approximative plural)
уксусӧдзныс (singular terminative)
уксусъясӧдзныс (plural terminative)
уксусӧдныс (prolative prolative-i singular)
уксусъясӧдныс (plural prolative prolative-i)
уксустіныс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уксусъястіныс (plural prolative prolative-ii)


furoic acid

(organic chemistry) A heterocyclic carboxylic acid, furan-2-carboxylic acid, obtained by the oxidation of furfural.


terephthalic acid

(organic chemistry) An aromatic dicarboxylic acid, benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, used in the manufacture of polyesters


sýra

is-noun

sýra f (genitive singular sýru, nominative plural sýrur)

sýru (genitive singular)
sýrur (nominative plural)
sýra (indefinite nominative singular)
sýran (definite nominative singular)
sýrur (indefinite nominative plural)
sýrurnar (definite nominative plural)
sýru (accusative indefinite singular)
sýruna (accusative definite singular)
sýrur (accusative indefinite plural)
sýrurnar (accusative definite plural)
sýru (dative indefinite singular)
sýrunni (dative definite singular)
sýrum (dative indefinite plural)
sýrunum (dative definite plural)
sýru (genitive indefinite singular)
sýrunnar (definite genitive singular)
sýra (genitive indefinite plural)
sýranna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse sýra, from Proto-Germanic *sūrą.


asparagin

asparagin (indefinite nominative singular)


asparaginsyra

asparaginsyra (indefinite nominative singular)


histidin

histidin (indefinite nominative singular)


fenylalanin

fenylalanin (indefinite nominative singular)


treonin

treonin (indefinite nominative singular)


glutaminsyra

glutaminsyra (indefinite nominative singular)


isoleucin

isoleucin (nominative singular)
isoleuciny (nominative plural)
isoleucinu (genitive singular)
isoleucinů (genitive plural)
isoleucinu (dative singular)
isoleucinům (dative plural)
isoleucin (accusative singular)
isoleuciny (accusative plural)
isoleucine (singular vocative)
isoleuciny (plural vocative)
isoleucinu (locative singular)
isoleucinech (locative plural)
isoleucinem (instrumental singular)
isoleuciny (instrumental plural)


isoleucin

isoleucin (indefinite nominative singular)


tyrosin

tyrosin (indefinite nominative singular)


leucin

leucin (nominative singular)
leuciny (nominative plural)
leucinu (genitive singular)
leucinů (genitive plural)
leucinu (dative singular)
leucinům (dative plural)
leucin (accusative singular)
leuciny (accusative plural)
leucine (singular vocative)
leuciny (plural vocative)
leucinu (locative singular)
leucinech (locative plural)
leucinem (instrumental singular)
leuciny (instrumental plural)


tryptofan

tryptofan (nominative singular)
tryptofany (nominative plural)
tryptofanu (genitive singular)
tryptofanów (genitive plural)
tryptofanowi (dative singular)
tryptofanom (dative plural)
tryptofan (accusative singular)
tryptofany (accusative plural)
tryptofanem (instrumental singular)
tryptofanami (instrumental plural)
tryptofanie (locative singular)
tryptofanach (locative plural)
tryptofanie (singular vocative)
tryptofany (plural vocative)


tryptofan

tryptofan (indefinite nominative singular)


cystein

cystein (indefinite nominative singular)


metionin

metionin (indefinite nominative singular)


glutamin

glutaminok (plural)
glutamin (nominative singular)
glutaminok (nominative plural)
glutamint (accusative singular)
glutaminokat (accusative plural)
glutaminnak (dative singular)
glutaminoknak (dative plural)
glutaminnal (instrumental singular)
glutaminokkal (instrumental plural)
glutaminért (causal-final singular)
glutaminokért (causal-final plural)
glutaminná (singular translative)
glutaminokká (plural translative)
glutaminig (singular terminative)
glutaminokig (plural terminative)
glutaminként (essive-formal singular)
glutaminokként (essive-formal plural)
glutaminban (inessive singular)
glutaminokban (inessive plural)
glutaminon (singular superessive)
glutaminokon (plural superessive)
glutaminnál (adessive singular)
glutaminoknál (adessive plural)
glutaminba (illative singular)
glutaminokba (illative plural)
glutaminra (singular sublative)
glutaminokra (plural sublative)
glutaminhoz (allative singular)
glutaminokhoz (allative plural)
glutaminból (elative singular)
glutaminokból (elative plural)
glutaminról (delative singular)
glutaminokról (delative plural)
glutamintól (ablative singular)
glutaminoktól (ablative plural)
glutaminé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
glutaminoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
glutaminéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
glutaminokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
glutaminom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
glutaminjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
glutaminod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
glutaminjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
glutaminja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
glutaminjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
glutaminunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
glutaminjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
glutaminotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
glutaminjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
glutaminjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
glutaminjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


glutamin

glutamin (indefinite nominative singular)


valin

valinok (plural)
valin (nominative singular)
valinok (nominative plural)
valint (accusative singular)
valinokat (accusative plural)
valinnak (dative singular)
valinoknak (dative plural)
valinnal (instrumental singular)
valinokkal (instrumental plural)
valinért (causal-final singular)
valinokért (causal-final plural)
valinná (singular translative)
valinokká (plural translative)
valinig (singular terminative)
valinokig (plural terminative)
valinként (essive-formal singular)
valinokként (essive-formal plural)
valinban (inessive singular)
valinokban (inessive plural)
valinon (singular superessive)
valinokon (plural superessive)
valinnál (adessive singular)
valinoknál (adessive plural)
valinba (illative singular)
valinokba (illative plural)
valinra (singular sublative)
valinokra (plural sublative)
valinhoz (allative singular)
valinokhoz (allative plural)
valinból (elative singular)
valinokból (elative plural)
valinról (delative singular)
valinokról (delative plural)
valintól (ablative singular)
valinoktól (ablative plural)
valiné (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
valinoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
valinéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
valinokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
valinom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
valinjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
valinod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
valinjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
valinja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
valinjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
valinunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
valinjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
valinotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
valinjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
valinjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
valinjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


beetroot red

(organic chemistry) A glycoside obtained from beets and used as a food dye, also known as betanin and E162.


塩酸

Blend of 塩素 (enso, “chlorine”) + 酸 (san, “acid”).


硫酸

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ syːn⁵⁵/

/liu²³⁻³³ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/liu¹³⁻²² suĩ⁴⁴/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯŋ³³/

/liɤ²² sø⁴⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ syːn⁵⁵/

/liu²³⁻³³ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/liu¹³⁻²² suĩ⁴⁴/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯŋ³³/

/liɤ²² sø⁴⁴/

to endure disfigurement from a vitriol attack

因被潑硫酸毀容

因被泼硫酸毁容


硫酸

ja-noun

硫(りゅう)酸(さん) • (ryūsan) ^(←りうさん (riusan)?)

硫酸 (canonical)
ryūsan (romanization)
riusan (romanization)
りうさん (hiragana historical)