Beijing

Beijing
Encyclopædia Britannica
Hongwu Emperor
Ming Dynasty
Peking University
The Chicago Manual of Style
University of Chicago Press
Xinhuamen
Yongle Emperor

/ˌbeɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/

c. 1958, the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 北京 (Běijīng), composed of 北 (“north, northern”) and 京 (jīng, “capital”), distinguishing it from Nanjing to the south, and first applied informally during the reign of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who preferred to rule from Beijing but was obliged to treat Nanjing as a secondary capital by the dynastic injunctions of his father the Hongwu Emperor. The name continued a practice of several preceding dynasties—especially those of nomadic conquerers from the north such as the Jin and Liao—of maintaining a number of separate capitals designated by their cardinal directions.

Liu Lao-zheng sidled right up to Zao-hua and said: “That’s right. I went to Beijing [Peking] to visit with my daughter. Zao-hua, I hear that you have become the workpoint recorder.”[…]
Liu Lao-zheng pulled out an abacus from a sack he was carrying over his shoulder. “Huala, huala,” he shook it several times and said: “I bought one in Beijing. I’ll lend it to you to use.”

1976 [1966], Hao Ran, “Debut”, in Wong Kam-ming, transl., Revolutionary Literature in China: An Anthology, White Plains, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 92:

Backhoes moved house by house, laying waste to a community called Xitai that was built in a plush green valley on the northern edge of Beijing, only a short walk from the Great Wall of China.

2020 August 7, Steven Lee Myers, Keith Bradsher, “Beijing Launches Another Demolition Drive, This Time in Its Bucolic Suburbs”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-07, Asia Pacific:

A protester unfurled two banners on a highway overpass in central Beijing on Oct. 13, denouncing Xi Jinping as a “despotic traitor.” China’s censors went to great lengths to scrub the internet of any reference to the act of dissent, prohibiting all discussion and shutting down many offending social media accounts.

2022 October 24, Yuan Li, “A Lonely Protest in Beijing Inspires Young Chinese to Find Their Voice”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-24, Business:

Beijing regularly faces dust storms in March and April due to its proximity to the Gobi desert as well as deforestation throughout northern China.

2023 March 22, “China: Sandstorms blanket Beijing as air pollution spikes”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-03-22:

A direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China.

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing

In Beijing’s view, in the absence of an explicit treaty provision, the central line of the main channel—the Thalweg principle—provided a legal basis for delimiting the boundary in the two rivers. On this basis, Beijing claimed that 600 of the rivers’ 700 islands—including Zhenbao Island on the Ussuri River, just 180 miles southwest of an important Soviet city, Khabarovsk—belonged to the P.R.C.

1980, Melvin Gurton, Byong-Moo Hwang, China under Threat: The Politics of Strategy and Diplomacy, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 210:

In the Shanghai Communiqué of 1972, we recognized the fact that both Beijing and Taipei viewed Taiwan as part of China but unequivocally expressed our support for a peaceful settlement of the unification issue. While we should not alter the fundamental pillars of our policy, we should consider certain steps that will raise Taiwan's international standing.

1992, Richard Nixon, “The Pacific Triangle”, in Seize the Moment, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 181:

Russian officials have raised increasingly frustrated requests for greater support during discussions with Beijing in recent weeks, calling on China to live up to its affirmation of a “no limits” partnership made weeks before the war in Ukraine began. But China’s leadership wants to expand assistance for Russia without running afoul of Western sanctions and has set limits on what it will do, according to Chinese and U.S. officials.

2022 June 2, Cate Cadell, Ellen Nakashima, “Beijing chafes at Moscow’s requests for support, Chinese officials say”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-06:

While Beijing has credited the law with restoring peace and order to the city, it has been criticised by rights groups and western governments for imprisoning pro-democracy activists and undermining civil freedoms.

2023 June 15, Didi Tang, “Spotify removes protest song Glory to Hong Kong”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-15, World:

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(metonymically) The government of the People's Republic of China.

Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang


Maoism

en-noun

Maoism (usually uncountable, plural Maoisms)

From Mao (surname of Mao Zedong) + -ism.

Some of the farmers were arrested in Wuhan parks where they allegedly spoke against Maoism and the Communist dictatorship, the report said.

1973 March 4, “Starving farmers given jail terms”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 8, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The philosophy espoused by Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a form of Marxism-Leninism that focuses on the peasantry as the revolutionary vanguard.


Mandate of Heaven

Mandate of Heaven (plural Mandates of Heaven)

(figurative, often humorous) The preeminence of an incumbent or institution other than that of the rulers of China.


共產黨

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (共產黨):
* → Japanese: 共(きょう)産(さん)党(とう) (kyōsantō)
* → Korean: 공산당(共産黨) (gongsandang)
* → Vietnamese: cộng sản đảng (共產黨)

→ Lü: ᦷᦂᧂᧈᦌᦱᧃᦑᦱᧂ (k̇ong¹saantaang)

→ Zhuang: gungcanjdangj

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄉㄤˇ

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄉㄤˇ

/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/koŋ²¹³ t͡sʰan⁵³ taŋ⁵³/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰæ̃⁵¹ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰæ̃²⁴ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sʰaːn³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/kɵŋ³² t͡sʰan⁵⁵ ɔŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ san³¹ toŋ³¹/

/kʰiuŋ³³ san²⁴⁻³³ toŋ²⁴/

/kyŋ²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ³³/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² san⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ san⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴¹/

/kaŋ¹¹ sũã⁵²⁻³⁵ taŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɡoŋ²² t͡sʰe⁵⁵ tɑ̃²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/koŋ²¹³ t͡sʰan⁵³ taŋ⁵³/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰæ̃⁵¹ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰæ̃²⁴ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sʰaːn³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/kɵŋ³² t͡sʰan⁵⁵ ɔŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ san³¹ toŋ³¹/

/kʰiuŋ³³ san²⁴⁻³³ toŋ²⁴/

/kyŋ²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ³³/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² san⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ san⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴¹/

/kaŋ¹¹ sũã⁵²⁻³⁵ taŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɡoŋ²² t͡sʰe⁵⁵ tɑ̃²¹/

The great Communist Party leads us in continuing the Long March!

1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)

Wěidà de Gòngchǎndǎng lǐngdǎo wǒmen xīn de chángzhēng.

偉大的共產黨領導我們新的長征。

伟大的共产党领导我们新的长征。

Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China


大臣

Sino-Xenic (大臣):
* → Japanese: 大臣(だいじん) (daijin); 大臣(たいしん) (taishin)
* → Vietnamese: đại thần (大臣)

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

(for non-monarchies)

minister (of an imperial regime, cabinet, etc.); high-level official (of a monarchy); secretary; chancellor


大臣

(politics) a government minister of Japan or ancient China


Communist Party of China

the Communist Party of China (canonical)

(derogatory)

Mr. Hu, at age 68, is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, and last Thursday evening he was adding four new names to his short list of Americans and entertaining them in a new fashion of informality in the most exclusive quarter of Peking - the living-and-working compound of China's leaders, Zhong Nan Hai, which adjoins the Forbidden City.

1984 June 18, Harrison E. Salisbury, “A FIRST IN PEKING: DINNER AT A KEY LEADER'S HOME”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section A, page 2:

Li Zhanshu, the third-ranking member of the Communist Party of China, visited Moscow last week after attending an economic forum in the eastern Russian city of Vladivostok, where he met with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia.

2022 September 11, Austin Ramzy, “Russia says that a senior Chinese official expressed support for the invasion of Ukraine.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-11, Russia-Ukraine War:

(Chinese politics) The ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.

中国共産党

ちゅうごくきょうさんとう


傳旨

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) to deliver a decree from the emperor


Great Firewall of China

Blend of Great Wall of China + firewall, popularized in a 1997 issue of Wired.

Behind this hypothetical Great Firewall of China, most users would be allowed to exchange information with foreign sites if they were on the approved list

1997, A. Michael Froomkin, “Jurisdiction in Cyberspace: The Role of Intermediaries”, in Borders in Cyberspace: Information Policy and the Global Information Infrastructure, →OCLC, page 146:

The "Great Firewall of China" is failing, largely due to the increased volume of Internet traffic in China.

2001, Greg Walton, China's Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People's Republic of China, →OCLC, page 5:

The Great Firewall of China is a case of corporate collaboration in censorship.

2007, Dinah PoKempner, “A Shrinking Realm: Freedom of Expression Since 9/11”, in Human Rights Watch World Report 2007, →ISBN, page 76:

The targets suggest the attackers are sympathetic to the vast censorship apparatus known as the Great Firewall of China.

2015 March 31, Dan Goodin, “Massive denial-of-service attack on GitHub tied to Chinese government”, in Ars Technica, retrieved 2015-04-01:

(originally humorous, derogatory) Internet censorship by the Government of the People's Republic of China.


主席

Sino-Xenic (主席):
* → Japanese: 主席(しゅせき) (shuseki)
* → Korean: 주석(主席) (juseok)
* → Vietnamese: chủ tịch (主席)

→ Bouyei: zujxif

→ Tibetan: ཀྲུའུ་ཞི (kru'u zhi)

→ Zhuang: cujsiz

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/

/t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/ˈt͡ɕy²¹³⁻¹³ ɕit̚⁵/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ sit²/

/t͡suo³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liʔ⁵/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚¹²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sit̚¹²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sit̚²⁴/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰieʔ⁴/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰioʔ⁴/

/t͡sz̩³³ ʑiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴ d͡ʑiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/

/t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/ˈt͡ɕy²¹³⁻¹³ ɕit̚⁵/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ sit²/

/t͡suo³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liʔ⁵/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚¹²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sit̚¹²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sit̚²⁴/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰieʔ⁴/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰioʔ⁴/

/t͡sz̩³³ ʑiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴ d͡ʑiɪʔ⁵⁵/

毛主席

chairperson (of a country or a party); chairman or chairwoman; president; premier (Classifier: 位)


feed the dragon

en-verb

feed the dragon (third-person singular simple present feeds the dragon, present participle feeding the dragon, simple past and past participle fed the dragon)

feeds the dragon (present singular third-person)
feeding the dragon (participle present)
fed the dragon (participle past)
fed the dragon (past)

The dragon is a cultural symbol of China.

(idiomatic) To outsource (jobs) to the People's Republic of China.

(idiomatic) To buy or sell products labeled as "Made in China."


one country, two systems

Coined by Chinese politician and paramount leader from 1978 to 1989 Deng Xiaoping in 1982 as part of the People's Republic of China proposal to reunify Taiwan. Calque of Chinese 一國兩制／一国两制 (yī guó liǎng zhì).

cal

The principle of “one country, two systems” was first proposed by Deng Xiaoping in the early 1980s as way to reconcile the communist mainland with historically Chinese territories—Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau—that had capitalist economies.

2017 June 29, “Has “one country, two systems” been a success for Hong Kong?”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

Policy for the reunification of China as one country, but with areas like Hong Kong and Taiwan with separate economic and political systems.

一國兩制

slogan for the reunification of China as one country


PCC

Parti conservateur du Canada
w:fr:Parti conservateur du Canada

Initialism of Parti conservateur du Canada (“CPC”).

Parti communiste chinois
w:fr:Parti communiste chinois

Initialism of Parti communiste chinois (“CPC”).


黃門侍郎

ja-r

黄門侍郎(こうもんじろう) (kōmonjirō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黃門侍郎):
* → Japanese: 黄門侍郎(こうもんじろう) (kōmonjirō)

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄕˋ ㄌㄤˊ

хуанмэнь шилан

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Deputy Head of the Edict Examination Bureau (門下省)


国民党

ja-pos

国(こく)民(みん)党(とう) • (Kokumintō) ^(←こくみんたう (Kokumintau)?)

国民党 (canonical)
Kokumintō (romanization)
Kokumintau (romanization)
こくみんたう (hiragana historical)

(politics) Japan Nation Party. See Wikipedia: Japan Nation Party


国民党

ja-noun

国(こく)民(みん)党(とう) • (kokumintō) ^(←こくみんたう (kokumintau)?)

国民党 (canonical)
kokumintō (romanization)
kokumintau (romanization)
こくみんたう (hiragana historical)


國民黨

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵐbin²² ɔŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴¹/

/kok̚²⁻⁴ miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ taŋ⁵²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐn²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ᵐbin²² ɔŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴¹/

/kok̚²⁻⁴ miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ taŋ⁵²/

After winning the South African general election in 1948, the National Party implemented a series of discriminative measures against Black people, known as "apartheid" later.

Zài 1948 nián nánfēi dàxuǎn shèngxuǎn hòu, guómíndǎng tuīchū yī xìliè qíshì hēirén de cuòshī, bèi hòushì chēngwèi “zhǒngzúgélí”.

在1948年南非大選勝選後，國民黨推出一系列歧視黑人的措施，被後世稱爲「種族隔離」。

在1948年南非大选胜选后，国民党推出一系列歧视黑人的措施，被后世称为「种族隔离」。


四舊

→ English: Four Olds (calque)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯²²/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯²²/

(historical) the Four Olds (four traditional aspects of Chinese culture targeted for destruction during China's Cultural Revolution)


政治局

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² kʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² kʊk̚²/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ti³³⁻¹¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ti³³⁻²¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² kʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡siː²² kʊk̚²/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² kiɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ kiɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ti³³⁻¹¹ kiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ti³³⁻²¹ kiɔk̚⁴/


КПК

Initialism of Коммунисти́ческая па́ртия Кита́я (Kommunistíčeskaja pártija Kitája).

initialism

Коммунисти́ческая па́ртия Кита́я

ru:Коммунистическая партия Китая
ru:карманный персональный компьютер


紅粉

From 紅／红 (hóng, “red”), as in "Red China" + 粉 (fěn, “fan”), short form of 粉絲／粉丝 (fěnsī).

zh-l

粉絲／粉丝 (fěnsī)

/xʊŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xʊŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(slang, neologism) devotee of the Communist Party of China; Chinese nationalist


中共

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ¹¹/

(Taiwan, sometimes derogatory) People's Republic of China; Red China


Chicom

(politics, informal, sometimes offensive) A member of the Communist Party of China, a Chinese cadre.

(politics, informal, inexact, sometimes offensive, ethnic slur) Any citizen of the People's Republic of China.


御札

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/

(literary, archaic) imperial instruction; imperial order


CCP

On August 23 at Wuhan’s first Red Guard rally, Governor Chang T’i-hsueh, who was also second secretary of the Central Committee of the Hupei CCP, presided.¹⁵ Two days later the Wuhan CCP convened a rally of middle school Red Guards, while the Federation of Trade Unions convened a meeting of workers who supported the Red Guards.

1971, Deborah S. Davis, “The Cultural Revolution in Wuhan”, in The Cultural Revolution in the Provinces, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 151–152:

By late August 1920, Chen established the first branch of the CCP, in Shanghai, comprising seven members.

1988, Stephen Uhalley, Jr., A History of the Chinese Communist Party, Hoover Institution Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 16:

The intelligentsia’s comments on the CCP were in many respects different from their critique of the KMT. Intellectuals in the KMT areas were naturally more familiar with the policies and performance of the Government than those of the CCP. Second, since they felt that the Government was in large measure responsible for the existing political situation, and that it still possessed the power to reform itself and end the war, they concentrated their efforts on the Government in the hope of compelling such action from it. By contrast, the CCP was relegated to the position of an opposition party which had yet to occupy any position of national power. This treatment of the CCP may have owed as much to the political restrictions under which the liberal press was operating as to the political biases of the liberals themselves. Nevertheless, their critique of the CCP, while admittedly based on less than ample information, gives the impression of having been made in good faith and was in all respects consistent with their fundamental ideological commitments.

1999, Suzanne Pepper, “The Intelligentsia's Critique of the Chinese Communists”, in Civil War in China: The Political Struggle 1945-1949, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 200:

In 1935 the CCP's defeated army retreated to Yen-an in the northern part of Shanhsi Province. This retreat was called the Long March, during which tens of thousands of marchers died.

2000, George C. Y. Wang, Taiwan (World Conflicts and Confrontations), volume 3, Salem Press, Inc., →ISBN, page 662:

Wang said that Beijing successfully backed several pro-China politicians, who won seats in the 2018 local elections. He added the CCP desperately wants to stop Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) from being re-elected.
Wang also disclosed details about CCP's plans to take over Hong Kong and Australia, reported Liberty Times.

2019, Ching-Tse Cheng, “Chinese spy confirms China's involvement in Taiwan 2020 election”, in Taiwan News:

Beijing uses a combination of threat and inducement to pressure governments, elites, corporations, think tanks, and others – often in an opaque manner – to toe the CCP line and censor free expression.

2020, “United States Strategic Approach to the People’s Republic of China”, in whitehouse.gov, archived from the original on 2020-05-22, page 4:

Jiang died of leukemia and multiple organ failure, Xinhua added.
The politician, who was born in the eastern town of Yangzhou in 1926, was appointed secretary-general of the CCP in 1989.

2022 November 30, “Former Chinese president Jiang Zemin dies aged 96”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-02-13:

In 1950, it moved to Fengshan after Chengdu fell into the hands of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) government relocated to Taiwan.

2023 March 19, Nien-han Liao, “Whampoa academy arguments redundant”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-21, Editorials, page 8:

Chinese Communist Party
Chinese Communist Party#English

Initialism of Chinese Communist Party. (Communist Party of China)


Son of Heaven

Calque of Literary Chinese 天子, from the Emperor having the Mandate of Heaven.


Kuomintang

c. 1912, from the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 國民黨／国民党 (Guómíndǎng), Wade–Giles: Kuo²-min²-tang³.

It is generally believed that the creation of the Kuomintang will somewhat straighten out the political tangle in China caused by the multitude of parties. The Kuomintang holds itself out as the democratic party, and its support of the President will be tempered by the path his future actions take.

1912 September 7, “The Passing of the Tungmenghui”, in North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette, volume CIV, number 2352, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 686, column 3:

The trend of events from the founding of the Republic to the unseating of the Kuomintang members of the National Assembly in November, 1913, however, confirmed the belief held in many quarters that republicanism was not a suitable system of government for the Chinese in their present stage of political development.

1916, F. L. Pratt, “CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 1915”, in China Mission Year Book 1916, Shanghai: Christian Literature Society for China, page 24:

U Nu's government was Socialist with a program of nationalization. But it had to fight for survival against almost universal disorder complicated by a Communist rebellion, a Karen rising, which was far more serious, and, in 1950, the arrival from Yünnan of General Li Mi's Kuomintang division after its rout by the Chinese Communists.

1968, Daniel George Edward Hall, “Burma”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 4, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 442, column 2:

He drew lists of Party cadre members of both before and after forty-nine, and pored over the scant details of those entrusted with the takeover of big enterprises where technological know-how was required: in particular the Kiangnan shipyard, a massive affair from which the Kuomintang elements had repeatedly to be purged.

1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society, published 2010, page 238:

The Kuomintang Party, after capturing 62 of the 71 seats in the Dec. 3 legislative elections, has retained control of the Legislative Yuan of Taiwan, the bastion of recovery, that it has held for the past 30 years.

1983 December 4, “6.7 Million Voters Select 71 Legislators”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXIV, number 48, Taipei, page 1:

By 1927, these gangs had come to play a cardinal political role, serving as agents of the Kuomintang in dealing with unions, radicals, and other opponents of the regime.

1985, Harold R. Isaacs, Re-encounters in China: Notes of a Journey in a Time Capsule, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, page 6:

If we say that the Communist Parties in West European countries are tainted with some undesirable traditions of the social-democratic parties, the Chinese Communist Party is more or less tainted with the undesirable traditions of the Kuomintang. The concept of “ruling the country by the party”, held by some comrades, is a manifestation in our Party of an abominable tradition of the Kuomintang.

1992 [1941 April 15], Xiaoping Deng, “The Party and the Anti-Japanese Democratic Government”, in Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 17:

Next door, you can't miss the Fushan Illuminated Wall, a huge sign with red Chinese characters on a white background declaring: "Sleep with one's sword ready." Its purpose was to brace the islands' Kuomintang troops and to warn off the Communist troops always watching from just across the waters.

2004, Phil Macdonald, National Geographic Traveler: Taiwan, National Geographic Society, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 203:

In February, the newly elected mayor of Taipei, Chiang Wan-an, welcomed a delegation from the Shanghai branch of the Taiwan Affairs Office. Andrew Hsia, a Kuomintang vice chairman, went to China and met with Wang Huning and Song Tao, two key figures in Beijing’s Taiwan strategy.

2023 March 27, Chris Horton, “Taiwan’s Ex-President Heads to China in Historic and Closely Watched Visit”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-27, Asia Pacific:

A nationalist political party founded under Sun Yat-sen in 1912 that ruled mainland China from 1928 to 1949, now one of three major parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Chinese History: A New Manual
Harvard University Press
Kuomintang

國民黨

a nationalist political party in pre-Communist China, and contemporary Taiwan

Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang


Sinocentrism

From Sino- (prefix meaning ‘relating to China or the Chinese’) + -centrism (suffix indicating a focus on, or belief in the superiority of, one culture, people, place, or other thing).

confix

[page 81] While Berry is certainly correct in identifying "sinocentrism," which he would rather term "race-centrism," in post-1949 Chinese film, what he sees as "raceization" (or "sinification" as used elsewhere by Paul Clark) is, I would contend, a politically motivated and manipulated process of cultural production. [...] [page 95] To return to Chris Berry's theory of "race," one realizes that he has made an overstatement in treating recent Chinese films as a radical challenge not only to "sinocentrism" but perhaps also "the very assumption of a fundamental duality separating the Han Chinese and the foreign."

1997, Yingjin Zhang, “From “Minority Film” to “Minority Discourse”: Questions of Nationhood and Ethnicity in Chinese Cinema”, in Sheldon Hsiao-peng Lu, editor, Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender, Honolulu, Hi.: University of Hawaiʻi Press, →ISBN, pages 81–82 and 95:

(politics) Ethnocentrism among the Han people of China; Han chauvinism.

大漢族主義

ethnocentrism among the Han people of China


民盟

/min³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/min³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

Short for 中國民主同盟／中国民主同盟 (Zhōngguó mínzhǔ tóngméng).

zh-etym-short

China Democratic League (one of the 8 democratic parties under the United Front of the Chinese Communist Party)


中國共產黨

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄉㄤˇ

Чжунго Гунчаньдан

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ kʊŋ²² t͡sʰaːn³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚² kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ san³¹ toŋ³¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴ kyŋ²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² san⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ san⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴¹/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ¹¹ sũã⁵²⁻³⁵ taŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚² kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ san³¹ toŋ³¹/

Communist Party of China (CPC); Chinese Communist Party (CCP)


毛澤東主義

ㄇㄠˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

Мао Цзэдун чжуи

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ t͡saːk̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ t͡saːk̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

Maoism, Communist philosophy according to the writings and ideas of Mao Zedong


黨中央

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/


道臺

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tou̯²² tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/tɤ³³⁻²¹ tai²³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai¹³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai²⁴/

/to³³⁻¹¹ tai²⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tai²⁴/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai⁵⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tou̯²² tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/tɤ³³⁻²¹ tai²³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai¹³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai²⁴/

/to³³⁻¹¹ tai²⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tai²⁴/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai⁵⁵/

(history) circuit intendant or daotai: local governor or mayor in the imperial Chinese government under the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties


百年國恥

ㄅㄞˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄔˇ

байнянь гочи

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚³ niːn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː³⁵/

/paːk̚³ niːn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː³⁵/

Century of Humiliation
century of humiliation

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

(historical) the Century of Humiliation (period of Chinese history between 1839 and 1949 during which Western powers and Japan intervened with China; 1839 refers to the First Opium War, and 1949 refers to the establishment of the People's Republic of China)


副主席

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/fou²⁴ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/

/fuː³³ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚¹²¹/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sit̚²⁴/

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/fou²⁴ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/

/fuː³³ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚¹²¹/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sit̚²⁴/

vice president (of the People's Republic of China)


Little Red Book

In reference to the book's red colour, and because red is the traditional colour representing Communism.

Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, a book widely distributed in Communist China.


circuit intendant

en-noun

circuit intendant (plural circuit intendants)

zh-l

道臺／道台 (dàotái)

(historical) The chief magistrate of an imperial Chinese circuit, overseeing both its civil operation and local defense.


daotai

en-noun

daotai (countable and uncountable, plural daotai or daotais)

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of 道臺／道台 (dàotái).

zh-l

道臺／道台 (dàotái)

TAIWAN, or Chinese Formosa, is considered a Foo or district of the province of Fokien, and is governed by a Taoutai extraordinary, who, though responsible to the provincial viceroy, possesses the privilege of memorialising the Throne direct.

[1864, Robert Swinhoe, “Notes on the Island of Formosa.”, in The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London, volume XXXIV, London: John Murray, published 1865, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:

circuit intendant
circuit intendant#English

(historical) Synonym of circuit intendant: a local governor of late imperial China.


共慘黨

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄢˇ ㄉㄤˇ

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sʰaːm³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sʰaːm³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

From 共產黨／共产党 (gòngchǎndǎng, “communist party (of China)”), by replacing 產／产 (chǎn, “to produce”) with near-homonym 慘／惨 (cǎn, “cruel; tragic”).

party of shared misery, party of shared cruelty

(derogatory) communist party, especially the Communist Party of China


黑線

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(figurative, politics) black line (used during the Cultural Revolution to refer to things counterrevolutionary)


雙規

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, politics, of members of the Communist Party) to be subject to investigation at a designated time and place


臺盟

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

Short for 臺灣民主自治同盟／台湾民主自治同盟 (Táiwān mínzhǔ zìzhì tóngméng, “Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League, bloc party in Mainland China”).


民革

Short for 中國國民黨革命委員會／中国国民党革命委员会 (Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng gémìng wěiyuánhuì, “Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, bloc party in Mainland China”).


民建

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Short for 中國民主建國會／中国民主建国会 (“China Democratic National Construction Association, bloc party in Mainland China”).


民主黨派

ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄉㄤˇ ㄆㄞˋ

Миньчжу Данпай

/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/

/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵ pʰaːi̯³³/

Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China#English

(Mainland China) bloc parties under the United Front (popular front of the legally permitted parties led by the Communist Party of China)


兩會

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/lœːŋ¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/lœːŋ¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/nŋ̍²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

(Mainland China) Three-Self Patriotic Movement and China Christian Council


國辦

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ pän⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ pän⁵¹/

中華人民共和國 中華人民共和國

中华人民共和国 中华人民共和国

Short for 中華人民共和國國務院辦公廳／中华人民共和国国务院办公厅 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn bàngōngtīng, “General Office of the State Council”).


中宣部

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵ pou̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵ pou̯²²/

Short for 中共中央宣傳部／中共中央宣传部 (Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng xuānchuán bù, “Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China”).


中辦

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pän⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ paːn²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ pän⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ paːn²²/

Short for 中共中央辦公廳／中共中央办公厅 (Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng bàngōngtīng, “General Office of the Communist Party of China”).


Dengism

(politics) The politics and economics of the Chinese politician Deng Xiaoping.


機關報

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

official newspaper (of a political party, a government, etc.)


三民主義

ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

саньминь чжуи

/sän⁵⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sän⁵⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

Three Principles of the People
Three Principles of the People

(historical) Three Principles of the People (political doctrine of Sun Yat-sen)


Tridemism

Calque from Chinese 三民主義／三民主义, tri- + demo- + -ism.

(historical, politics) The Three Principles of the People.


五筒

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍¹³ tʰʊŋ²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍¹³ tʰʊŋ²¹/


Xiism

From Xi + -ism, potentially modeled on Dengism and Maoism.

Could language be introduced into the party charter that subsequent generations might look back on and identify as the early precursors for something grander, say the eventual adoption of a new "-ism" (say, "Xi-ism" with Confucian characteristics) at a future Party Congress?

2017 August 21, Carl Minzer, “‘Xi-ism’ could erupt into China’s grandiose party institutions”, in The Australian Financial Review, →OCLC, page 10:

Based on a Gramscian analytical framework inspired by Bob Jessop, this article provides an anatomy of Xiism (2012–) as an emergent hegemonic project

2019, Andreas Møller Mulvad, “Xiism as a hegemonic project in the making”, in Review of International Studies, volume 45, number 3, →DOI, →ISSN, →LCCN, abstract, page 449:

Whether Xiism represents an updating of Maoism, reflection of a contemporary “populist” moment in global politics, or both is another question of clear relevance to the analysis of charismatic leadership in the current and likely future setting.

2021, José Pedro Zúquete, Routledge International Handbook of Charisma, →ISBN, →OCLC:

Xiism constitutes an ideology defined entirely by the metric of the Chinese struggle for greatness in the existing world.

2021, Luke Cooper, Authoritarian Contagion: The Global Threat to Democracy, Bristol University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 61:

The political philosophy practised by Xi Jinping.


三面紅旗

ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧˊ

Саньмяньхунци

/sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹ xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ miːn²² hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/se⁵⁵ mi²¹ ɦoŋ²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹ xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ miːn²² hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/se⁵⁵ mi²¹ ɦoŋ²² d͡ʑi⁴⁴/

(historical) Three Red Banners (the General Line for socialist construction, the Great Leap Forward, and the people's communes)


wumao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 五毛 (wǔmáo), a clipping of 五毛黨／五毛党 (wǔmáodǎng), lit. "the 5 dime party", in reference to allegations that the Chinese government employs online shills paid 1/2 yuan RMB per online post.

(derogatory) Anyone who is supportive of China or the Communist Party of China, whether paid or not.


刮民黨

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


七上八下

ㄑㄧ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³ paːt̚³ haː²²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³ paːt̚³ haː²²/

A derivative of the general 七……八…… structure for chengyu. Compare English at sixes and sevens.

(Mainland China, politics) the unspoken rule that CCP officials aged less than 67 can remain in office and those aged over 68 will retire


九段線

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Цзюдуаньсянь

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ tyːn²² siːn³³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³⁵ tyːn²² siːn³³/


Politburo

Any of various politburos, especially that of the Soviet Union or that of the People's Republic of China.

Kremlin

also a proper noun sense from a common noun sense, and also often a metonym for the senior Soviet leadership

(metonymically) The senior leadership of the Soviet Union, or that of the People's Republic of China.


Three T's

Tibet, the Tiananmen Incident, and Taiwan; three topics which are highly monitored by the Chinese government.


門下省

ㄇㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄥˇ

/mən³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mən³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(history, government, of feudal China) the Chancellery


政令不出中南海

ㄓㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄨ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ

чжэнлин бу чу Чжуннаньхай

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

dzing³ ling⁶ bat⁷ tsoet⁷ dzung¹ naam⁴ hoi²

/t͡sɪŋ³³ lɪŋ²² pɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

policies and decrees ordered by the central government of the People's Republic of China are not executed by local governments


總加速師

ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙㄨˋ ㄕ

/t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/

(Internet slang, derogatory) Accelerator-in-Chief (Xi Jinping)


中紀委

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵ wɐi̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵ wɐi̯³⁵/

(Mainland China) Short for 中央紀律檢查委員會／中央纪律检查委员会 (“Central Commission for Discipline Inspection”). (of the Communist Party of China)


五族共和

ㄨˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ t͡sʊk̚² kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ t͡sʊk̚² kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹/

(historical) Five Races Under One Union (a slogan used during the early Republic of China era, referring to the harmonious existence under one nation of what were considered the five major ethnic groups in China: the Han, the Manchus, the Mongols, the Uyghurs, and the Tibetans)


皇朝

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

Zona Nova de Aterros do Porto Exterior#English

(～區) (informal) Zona Nova de Aterros do Porto Exterior (an area in Macau)


neo-authoritarianism

As neo-authoritarianism advances, the [Chinese Communist] Party moves to the front stage and becomes hands-on in managing important affairs, crowding out legal rules and institutions. It has expanded and solidified a prerogative state to solve politically sensitive matters through substantively extra-legal methods.

2019 March 20, Hualing Fu, “Touching the Proverbial Elephant: The Multiple Shades of Chinese Law”, in China Perspectives, volume 2019, number 1, →ISSN, pages 3–9:

A post-Maoist current in Chinese political thought favoring enlightened autocracy.


Five Poisons

(politics) Five groups regarded by the Communist Party of China as threats to their rule: Uyghur and Tibetan supporters of respective independence movements, Falun Gong adherents, and supporters of Chinese democracy and the independence of Taiwan.


neoauthoritarianism

Alternative spelling of neo-authoritarianism


Zhongnanhai

/ˌd͡ʒʊŋ.nɑnˈhaɪ/

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 中南海 (Zhōngnánhǎi, “Central South Sea”), a compound of the names 中海 (zhōnghǎi, “Central Sea”) + 南海 (Nánhǎi, “South Sea; Nanhai”), two lakes in central Beijing just west of the Forbidden City.

bor

On May 15 Zhongnanhai received reports on the student movement in fourteen provinces.[…]
Twenty foreign press reports of May 15 were summarized for Zhongnanhai.

2001, “May 6-16: Hunger Strike”, in The Tiananmen Papers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 172–173:

Although it may be premature to take the passing of “peaceful rise” as a turning point, it does appear that it is getting increasingly difficult for Zhongnanhai to pronounce a policy with a catchy label and then expect the whole policy and scholarly communities to follow (although many scholars will just follow it for various reasons), especially if the policy really matters. The good old days when the Politburo could set a policy and expect everyone just to fall into line seem to be gone. Today, it seems that Zhongnanhai needs some acquiescence from society in order to proceed with its priority policy package.

2006, Shiping Tang, “Projecting China's Foreign Policy: Determining Factors and Scenarios”, in Jae Ho Chung, editor, Charting China's Future: Political, Social, and International Dimensions, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, China / Politics, page 136:

Zhongnanhai must be directly connected with the people, and we should always keep the people in our thoughts.

2018, Xi Jinping, The Governance of China, volume II, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 208:

Chinese Communist Party
Chinese Communist Party

(metonymically) The government of the People's Republic of China; the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.


慶豐

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

After 慶豐包子舖 (“Qingfeng Buns”), after Xi Jinping's publicized visit in 2013. The same event is also responsible for the nickname 包子 (bāozi).

慶豐帝

庆丰帝

慶豐元年

庆丰元年

(Internet slang, humorous, derogatory) A facetious and derogatory era name for Chinese leader Xi Jinping.


century of humiliation

Derived from Chinese 百年國恥／百年国耻 (bǎinián guóchǐ). Coined in 1915 in opposition to the Twenty-One Demands by the Japanese Empire.

(politics, historical) The period of wars against the Qing dynasty and the succeeding Republic of China by Western countries and the Japanese Empire, lasting from 1839 to 1949.


nine-dash line

Calque of Chinese 九段線／九段线 (Jiǔduànxiàn).

Hollywood certainly has a cynical heart: Barbie was banned this week from opening in Vietnam for including on a map the “nine-dash line” that China uses to claim sovereignty over territory in the South China Sea.

2023 July 8, John Gapper, “Barbie is a brand that keeps changing with the times”, in FT Weekend, page 9:

A set of line segments on various maps that have accompanied the claims of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China to various contested areas in the South China Sea.


國家副主席

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄈㄨˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄒㄧˊ

гоцзя фучжуси

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

vice-president (of the People's Republic of China)


國家主席

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄓㄨˇ ㄒㄧˊ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

president (of the People's Republic of China, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Republic of Cuba)


國務委員

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄨˋ ㄨㄟˇ ㄩㄢˊ

го’у вэйюань

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ u⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mou̯²² wɐi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ u⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mou̯²² wɐi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/


mainlandization

(politics) The assimilation or incorporation of Hong Kong into mainland China.


政務院

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

(historical) Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (1949–1954, predecessor to the State Council of the People's Republic of China)


民逗

Clipping of 民主逗士 (mínzhǔ dòu shì), a homophone of 民主鬥士/民主斗士 (mínzhǔ dòushì, literally “democracy fighter”).

zh-m

(Mainland China, Internet slang, sarcastic) democracy activist


國進民退

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄊㄨㄟˋ

гоцзиньминьтуй

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ min³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ min³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(officialese) state enterprises advance, while the private sector retreats


Hồng bảo thư

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːw˧˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaːw˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅寶書, composed of 紅 (“red”), 寶 (“precious”) and 書 (“book”).

vi-etym-sino

(communism) Little Red Book (a book of statements from speeches and writings by Mao Zedong)


một quốc gia, hai chế độ

[mot̚˧˨ʔ kuək̚˧˦ zaː˧˧ haːj˧˧ t͡ɕe˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[mok̚˨˩ʔ kuək̚˦˧˥ jaː˧˧ haːj˧˧ t͡ɕej˨˩˦ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[mok̚˨˩˨ wək̚˦˥ jaː˧˧ haːj˧˧ cej˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-một quốc gia, hai chế độ.wav

Calque of Chinese 一國兩制／一国两制 (nhất quốc lưỡng chế).

cal

one country, two systems
one country, two systems

"one country, two systems" (the principle that Hong Kong and Macau can have political and economic systems distinct from Mainland China's socialism)


en-proper noun

Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang

A minor political party of the People's Republic of China.


Bách niên quốc sỉ

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ niən˧˧ kuək̚˧˦ si˧˩]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ niəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ niəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥ sɪj˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ niəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ niəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 百年國恥, composed of 百年 (“one hundred years”) and 國恥 (“national humiliation”).

vi-etym-sino

(historical) the Century of Humiliation (1839–1940s)


માઓવાદ

head

માઓવાદ • (māovād) m

gu-noun

માઓવાદ • (māovād) m

માઓ (māo, “Mao Zedong”) + -વાદ (-vād, “-ism (ideology)”).


中國國民黨

→ English: Chungkuo Kuomintang

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ

Чжунго Гоминьдан

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴¹/

Kuomintang (KMT); Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP)


CCDI

w:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

Abbreviation of Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.


新權威主義

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄨㄟ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

синь цюаньвэйчжуи

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰyːn²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰyːn²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


국민당

Sino-Korean word from 國民黨, from 國民 (“national”) + 黨 (“party”).


叼飛盤

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

(neologism, figurative, derogatory, of propaganda media or people working for them) to parrot whatever the authority wants to say, regardless of personal stance, especially about comments made by Hu Xijin


萬壽節

ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɐu̯²² t͡siːt̚³/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɐu̯²² t͡siːt̚³/


백년국치

Baengnyeon'gukchi (romanization)
百年國恥 (hanja)

[pɛŋɲʌ̹nɡuk̚t͡ɕʰi]

[pe̞ŋɲʌ̹nɡuk̚t͡ɕʰi]

(historical) the Century of Humiliation (period of Chinese history between 1839 and 1949 during which Western powers and Japan intervened with China; 1839 refers to the First Opium War, and 1949 refers to the establishment of the People's Republic of China)


百年国恥

百年国恥 (canonical)
Hyakunenkokuchi (romanization)

[ça̠kɯ̟nẽ̞ŋko̞kɯ̟t͡ɕi]