multiculturalism

en-noun

multiculturalism (countable and uncountable, plural multiculturalisms)

(derogatory) the cultural Marxism conspiracy theory.


Kropotkinist

(anarchism, communism) An adherent of Peter Kropotkin's anarchist-communism; an anarcho-communist.


anarchy

anarchy (countable and uncountable, plural anarchies)

From New Latin anarchia, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía). By surface analysis, an- + -archy.

Своею полемикою против них мы довели их до сознания, что свобода или анархия, т. е. вольная организация рабочих масс снизу вверх, есть окончательная цель общественного развития, и что всякое государство, не исключая и их народного, есть ярмо, значит с одной стороны порождает деспотизм, а с другой рабство.
Они говорят, что такое государственное ярмо-диктатура есть необходимое переходное средство для достижения полнейшего народного освобождения: анархия или свобода — цель, государство или диктатура — средство. Итак для освобождения народных масс надо их сперва поработить.

1990 [1873], Mikhail Bakunin, chapter VII, in Marshall Shatz, transl., Statism and Anarchy, translation of original in Russian:

Svojeju polemikoju protiv nix my doveli ix do soznanija, što svoboda ili anarxija, t. je. volʹnaja organizacija rabočix mass snizu vverx, jestʹ okončatelʹnaja celʹ obščestvennovo razvitija, i što vsjakoje gosudarstvo, ne isključaja i ix narodnovo, jestʹ jarmo, značit s odnoj storony poroždajet despotizm, a s drugoj rabstvo.
Oni govorjat, što takoje gosudarstvennoje jarmo-diktatura jestʹ neobxodimoje perexodnoje sredstvo dlja dostiženija polnejševo narodnovo osvoboždenija: anarxija ili svoboda — celʹ, gosudarstvo ili diktatura — sredstvo. Itak dlja osvoboždenija narodnyx mass nado ix sperva porabotitʹ.

(uncountable) Anarchism; the political theory that a community is best organized by the voluntary cooperation of individuals, rather than by a government, which is regarded as being coercive by nature.


red

red (countable and uncountable, plural reds)

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Cognates
See also West Frisian read, Low German root, rod, Dutch rood, German rot, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød, Norwegian Nynorsk raud; also Welsh rhudd, Latin ruber, rufus, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Albanian pruth (“redhead”), Russian ру́дый (rúdyj) ("red", "redhaired"). Czech rudý, Lithuanian raúdas, Finnish rauta, Estonian raud, Serbo-Croatian riđ ("reddish", "red"), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”).

sekobarbitaali

slang: secobarbital — see also secobarbital

Coordinate term: pinko

(countable) A revolutionary socialist or (most commonly) a Communist; (usually capitalized) a Bolshevik, a supporter of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War.

(Ireland, UK, beverages, informal) Red lemonade


ML

(Marxism) Initialism of Marxism-Leninism.


ML

ML (countable and uncountable, plural MLs)

(countable, Marxism) Initialism of Marxist-Leninist.


ML

(Marxism) initialism of marxismo-leninismo; ML


ML

(Marxism) initialism of marxista-leninista; ML


cadre

Borrowed from French cadre, from Italian quadro (“framed painting, square”), from Latin quadrum, from quattuor (“four”). The American pronunciations in /eɪ/ may be due to a mistaken assumption that this word comes from Spanish or Italian, when in fact it is strictly French (the Spanish and Italian equivalents are respectively cuadro and quadro).

der

After the war, he was a party cadre and worked as a correspondent for the daily newspaper Zeri i Popullit (The People's Voice).

1986, Robert Elsie, Dictionary of Albanian Literature, page 101:

Finally, the exchange, circulation and education of local cadres constitute another key strategy implemented by the provincial leadership in its efforts to diffuse economic development into the backward inland region.

1997, Jae Ho Chung, edited by David S.G. Goodman, China's Provinces in Reform: Class, community and political culture, Routledge, page 146:

Party cadres must guard against the temptations of power, money and sex.

2006, “China airbrushes Chen”, in Financial Times:

(chiefly in communism) The core of a managing group, or a member of such a group.

kader

chiefly in communism: core of managing group


woke

en-adj

woke (not generally comparable, comparative more woke or woker, superlative most woke or wokest)

more woke (comparative)
woker (comparative)
most woke (superlative)
wokest (superlative)

→ Dutch: woke

→ German: woke

→ Swedish: woke

Shortened from woken or woke(n) up, or dialectal use of woke (past participle of wake, see Etymology 2 below). The sense of being aware of social injustice dates to at least the 1930s.

Waking up is a damn sight harder than going to sleep, but we’ll stay woke up longer.

1942, J. Saunders Redding, Negro Digest, volume 01:

If You’re Woke You Dig It [title]

1962 May 20, William Melvin Kelley, “If You’re Woke You Dig It”, in The New York Times, page 45:

I been sleeping all my life. And now that Mr. Garvey done woke me up, I’m gon stay woke. And I’m gon help him wake up other black folk.

What if there was no niccas / Only master teachers? / I stay woke (dreams dreams)

2008, Erykah Badu (lyrics and music), “Master Teacher”, in New Amerykah Part One (4th World War):

[…] stay woke[,] people of color, / let us occupy this dissent

2014, Lynn Sweeting, WomanSpeak, A Journal of Writing and Art by Caribbean Women, volume 7:

(originally African-American Vernacular, slang) Alert, aware of what is going on, or well-informed, especially in racial and other social justice issues.

But the cultural conflict between these two post-revolutionary styles — between frat guys and feminist bluestockings, Gamergaters and the diversity police, alt-right provocateurs and “woke” dudebros, the mouthbreathers who poured hate on the all-female “Ghostbusters” and the tastemakers who pretended it was good — is likely here to stay.

2016 August 14, Ross Douthat, “A Playboy for President”, in The New York Times:

Like, if I tweet or hashtag about how you didn’t do something right or used the wrong verb, then I can sit back and feel pretty good about myself, cause, "Man, you see how woke I was, I called you out." That’s not activism. That’s not bringing about change.

2019 October 29, Emily S. Rueb, Derrick Bryson Taylor, quoting Barack Obama, “Obama on Call-Out Culture: ‘That’s Not Activism’”, in The New York Times:

If this were actually true, you would expect real traction for the wokest candidates in the Democratic presidential race. But it’s been just the opposite. The woke candidates have been the weakest, electorally speaking, and the defining attribute of the Democratic primary has been a preoccupation with the voters that put Trump in the White House.

2019 December 6, Jamelle Bouie, “Why the ‘Wokest’ Candidates Are the Weakest”, in The New York Times:

[Kevin Smith is] also baffled by some of the accusations that he tried to make the franchise “woke” by focusing on Teela.

2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post:

Rightwing Tory MPs should stop portraying concerns over the climate and nature as “woke”, and understand that voters are deeply concerned about the crisis, the Conservative minister Zac Goldsmith has warned.

2022 November 15, Fiona Harvey, quoting Zac Goldsmith, “‘Stupid’ to equate climate concerns with being woke, says Zac Goldsmith”, in The Guardian:

(by extension, politics, slang, often derogatory) Holding progressive views or attitudes, principally with regard to social justice.

politisk korrekt

politically correct; stereotypically leftist


woke

en-noun

woke (countable and uncountable, plural wokes)

Not to beat a dead horse, but it would appear that the wokes are in an abusive relationship with the speech policemen, given that some of their favored terms are being abruptly disallowed (like trigger warning or “preferred” pronouns).

2022 December 21, Judson Berger, “You Can’t Say That at Stanford”, in National Review:

(countable, slang, often derogatory) A person who is woke (holding progressive views or attitudes).

Tim Bale, a professor of politics at Queen Mary University in London, said the war on woke kicked off as a counter to the “silent revolution” of liberal and progressive attitudes during the economic boom of the decades up to 2008.

2021 January 8, Emilio Casalicchio, “Britain’s culture war extends beyond Brexit”, in Politico:

The woke is the new religion of the left.

Millennials, such as Styles (and the other Harry, HRH, for that matter), were able to popularise and profit from woke.

2023 February 18, Panda La Terriere, “Why Gen Z is turning against woke culture”, in The Spectator:

For I’m afraid the demise of woke won’t be like the end of toothbrush moustaches, indie folk music or any other temporary behaviour supercharged by the whims of the young and the hip, then dropped without consequence.

2024 April 22, Kathleen Stock, “Turn of the woke tide will leave many stranded”, in The Times:

(uncountable, slang, derogatory) A progressive ideology, in particular with regards to social justice.


bourgeois

en-adj

bourgeois (comparative more bourgeois, superlative most bourgeois)

more bourgeois (comparative)
most bourgeois (superlative)

Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.

der

(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat.

بُرْجُوَازِيّ

of or relating to capitalist exploitation


bourgeois

en-noun

bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)

(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat.


base

base (countable and uncountable, plural bases)

acid

antonym(s) of “chemical compound that will neutralize an alkali”

From Middle English base, bas, baas, from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis and bass.

أَسَاس

something from which other things extend

relations of production
relations of production

(Marxism) The forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life.


base

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis).

(Marxism) base (forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life)


socialism

socialism (usually uncountable, plural socialisms)

/ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/

Attested since 1832; either from French socialisme or from social + -ism.

democratic socialism
democratic socialism

Any of a group of later political philosophies such democratic socialism and social democracy which do not envisage the need for full state ownership of the means of production nor transition to full communism, and which are typically based on principles of community decision making, social equality and the avoidance of economic and social exclusion, with economic policy giving first preference to community goals over individual ones.

sosialisme

group of socialist political philosophies


socialism

socialism (accusative indefinite nominative)
socialismul (accusative definite nominative)
socialism (indefinite)
socialismului (definite)
socialismule (vocative)

Borrowed from French socialisme. By surface analysis, social + -ism.


communism

communism (countable and uncountable, plural communisms)

A borrowing from French communisme, which was formed from commun (“common”) (from Latin commūnis) and the suffix -isme (“-ism”). By surface analysis, commune + -ism.

anarcho-communism

anarchist communism, free communism, libertarian communism

Fully Automated Luxury Gay Space Communism

The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist.


communist

From French communiste, from commun (“common, communal”) + -iste (“-ist”). By surface analysis, commune + -ist.

anarcho-communist

anarchist communist, communist anarchist, free communist, libertarian communist

(communism) An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.

kommunis

person who follows a communist philosophy


anarchism

anarchism (usually uncountable, plural anarchisms)

/ˈænəɹˌkɪzəm/

/ˈæˌnɑɹˌkɪzəm/

A belief that proposes the abolition of hierarchy and authority in most forms.

anargisme

belief that proposes the absence and abolition of government in all forms


libertarian

/ˌlɪb.əˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/

Foundation for Economic Education
Joseph Déjacque
Leonard Read
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
William Belsham
lois scélérates

The noun is derived from liber(ty) + -arian (suffix denoting an advocate of or believer in something). The adjective is derived from the noun.
sense development
The word was first attested in English in 1789 in William Belsham’s Essays: see the quotation. This was contrasted with necessitarian, in the context of free will, and was not used in the more frequently encountered modern sense.
Compare French libertaire (“person with extreme left-wing beliefs, anarchist”), from liberté (“freedom”) + -aire (suffix forming nouns). Libertaire is derived from Latin libertas. The French word was first attested in a May 1857 letter by the French anarcho-communist Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865) to the anarchist philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865), reading: “Anarchiste juste-milieu, libéral et non LIBERTAIRE [A centrist anarchist, liberal and not LIBERTARIAN] […]”. It was popularized as a euphemism for anarchiste in the 1890s, following the French lois scélérates (literally “villainous laws”) under which anarchist publications were banned.
Sense 3.2 (“believer in right-libertarianism”) developed in the United States in the 1940s and was popularized in the 1950s. In the 1940s, Leonard Read (1898–1983), the founder of the Foundation for Economic Education, a free-market think tank, began calling himself “libertarian” in contrast with a “classical liberal”. In 1955, Dean Russell also promoted the use of the word, writing: “Let those of us who love liberty trade-mark and reserve for our own use the good and honorable word ‘libertarian’.”

cog

[Gustav] Landauer's reorientation of anarchist theory and practice in the direction of idealist and völkisch thought was often incomprehensible to the more traditional libertarians, and in the period of the second Sozialist Landauer no longer felt entirely comfortable with the simple "anarchist" label. For Landauer anarchism and socialism had always been different expressions of the same view; now he regarded anarchism as "merely the negative side of what is positively called socialism."

1973, Eugene Lunn, “The Romantic as Socialist”, in Prophet of Community: The Romantic Socialism of Gustav Landauer, Berkeley; Los Angeles, Calif.; London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 200:

While anarchism and socialist libertarians have a rich history of revolutionary thinkers ranging from Emma Goldman to George Orwell, the best-known socialist libertarian thinker of today is probably Noam Chomsky.

2012, Jennifer D. Carlson, “Libertarianism”, in edited by Wilbur R. Miller, The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, →ISBN, page 1008, column 1:

(politics) One who advocates libertarianism (“a political philosophy maintaining that all persons are the absolute owners of their own lives, and should be free to do whatever they wish with their persons or property, provided they allow others that same liberty”); also, a member of a political party supporting libertarianism.

(chiefly Ireland, UK) An antiauthoritarian believer in left-libertarianism, a political doctrine that stresses both individual freedom and social equality, and advocates shared ownership of natural resources.


ខ្មែរក្រហម

km-proper noun

ខ្មែរក្រហម • (khmae krɑɑhɑɑm)

ខ្មែរ (khmae) + ក្រហម (krɑɑhɑɑm)

com

ខ្មែរ (khmae) + ក្រហម (krɑɑhɑɑm)

km:ខ្មែរក្រហម


Khmer Rouge

/ˈkmɛəɹ ˈɹuːʒ/

/kəˈmɛəɹ ˈɹuːʒ/

From French Khmer rouge (“red Khmer”), from Khmer (“Khmer”) + rouge (“red”).

(historical) A Cambodian communist guerrilla force active from the 1970s to the 1990s under the leadership of Pol Pot.


anarchist

From French anarchiste, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía) from the roots ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule”), equivalent to anarchy + -ist.

Eh bien ! vous êtes démocrate ? — Non. — Quoi ! vous seriez monarchique ? — Non. — Constitutionnel ? — Dieu m’en garde. — Vous êtes donc aristocrate ? — Point du tout. — Vous voulez un gouvernement mixte ? — Encore moins. — Qu’êtes-vous donc ? — Je suis anarchiste.

1849 [1840], Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, “Caractères de la communauté et de la propriété”, in Qu’est-ce que la propriété?, page 237; English translation from “Characteristics of Communism and of Property.”, in Benjamin Tucker, transl., What Is Property?, 1876, page 272:

But nothing has revived anarchism like globalization. Anarchists are now battling what they see as a concentration of power in multinational corporations.

2000 August 5, Joseph Kahn, “Anarchism, the Creed That Won't Stay Dead; The Spread of World Capitalism Resurrects a Long-Dormant Movement”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.


anarchist

en-adj

anarchist (comparative more anarchist, superlative most anarchist)

more anarchist (comparative)
most anarchist (superlative)

(somewhat rare) Relating to anarchism or to anarchists; anarchistic.


CRT

en-noun

CRT (countable and uncountable, plural CRTs)

Chinese remainder theorem
Chinese remainder theorem#English

(mathematics) Initialism of Chinese remainder theorem.

A few seconds later, the Angry Man picks up the keyboard and swings it like a baseball bat at his screen—it’s an old PC from the '90s, with a big CRT monitor—whacking it off the desk.

2018 January 12, Joe Veix, “The Strange History of One of the Internet's First Viral Videos”, in Wired, →ISSN:

cathode ray tube
cathode ray tube#English

(electronics, computing) Initialism of cathode ray tube.

(electronics, computing, becoming dated) A display device using a cathode ray tube, such as early televisions or monitors.

crisis response team
crisis response team#English

(law enforcement) Initialism of crisis response team.

Considering racism as a normative practice in the academy while centering the experiential perspectives of Chicana and Chicano scholars with racial and gendered microaggressions, Solórzano lays the groundwork for use of CRT in higher education scholarship.

2016, Adrienne D. Dixson, Celia K. Rousseau Anderson, Jamel K. Donnor, Critical Race Theory in Education: All God's Children Got a Song, page 184:

JANET: Martin Luther King would have been super-antiracist, but CRT progressives minimize King's accomplishments.

2021, Stephen Waters, Individuals, Journalism, and Society Epilogue-Lessons learned:

Last week, he posted on Twitter that he was the “only candidate to take action against CRT,” the “only candidate willing to fight the radical transgender agenda” and the “only candidate willing to call abortion what it is — murder.”

2022 May 9, Ted Genoways, quoting Jim Pillen, “How Trump Helped Transform Nebraska Into a Toxic Political Wasteland”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

critical race theory
critical race theory#English

(social sciences) Initialism of critical race theory.

casual relief teacher
w:Substitute teacher

(Australia) Initialism of casual relief teacher.


politburo

/ˈpɒlɪtˌbjʊəɹəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-politburo.wav

Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin

Borrowed from Russian Политбюро́ (Politbjuró, “politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union”), a contraction of полити́ческое бюро́ (politíčeskoje bjuró, “political bureau”).

bor

The governing council and chief policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist political systems.

քաղբյուրո

governing council and chief policymaking body of a Marxist-Leninist political system


politically correct

en-adj

politically correct (comparative more politically correct, superlative most politically correct)

more politically correct (comparative)
most politically correct (superlative)

Karen DeCrow
Mao Zedong
Toni Cade Bambara

The earliest known attestation is in late 18th century United States, in response to a toast made to “the United States” instead of to “the people of the United States”.
In the early twentieth century the term was associated with the dogmatic application of Stalinist and Communist Party doctrine, and later popularised by Mao Zedong in his 1963 essay Where Do Correct Ideas Come From? which equated “correct” with “the disciplined acceptance of a party line”.
In the 1970s it was adopted by wider left-wing politics. The first known use in this sense was by Toni Cade in her 1970 anthology The Black Woman. It was subsequently used in a statement by Karen DeCrow in December 1975 in her capacity as president of the National Organization for Women.
In the 1980s it acquired the pejorative sense when used to mock conformist liberal academics, their stereotypical political views and alleged attempts to control language.

Sentiments and expressions of this inaccurate kind prevail in our common, even in our convivial, language. Is a toast asked? ‘The United States’, instead of the ‘People of the United States’, is the toast given. This is not politically correct.

1793, U.S. Supreme Court, Chisholm v State of GA, 2 US 419 (1793)

[On] the one hand we should demand that the poet's work conform to the correct political tendency, on the other hand we have the right to expect that his work be of high quality. … I want to show you that the political tendency of a work can only be politically correct if it is also literarily correct. That means that the correct political tendency includes a literary tendency. For, just to clarify things right away, this literary tendency, which is implicitly or explicitly contained in every correct political tendency – that, and nothing else constitutes the quality of a work.

1934/1970, Walter Benjamin, "The Author as Producer" (address at the Institute for the Study of Fascism, Paris, April 27, 1934), as translated by John Heckman for New Left Review 1/62, July-August 1970

I am here to tell you that we are going to do those things which need to be done, not because they are politically correct, but because they are right. We are going to pass a civil rights bill if it takes all summer.

1964 March 23, Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks in Atlantic City at the Convention of the United Auto Workers:

Lenin gave an all-round substantiation of the impossibility of implementing the United States of Europe slogan under capitalism. He said this slogan merged with socialism and acquired political meaning only under socialism. It was politically correct also from the standpoint of the need to overthrow the three reactionary monarchies of Europe—that of Russia, of Germany and of Austria-Hungary.

1969, Y. F. Sopin, chapter 5, in The Bolshevik Party's Struggle Against Trotskyism, page 214:

(politics) Possessing or conforming to the correct political positions; following the official policies of the government or a political party.


Trotskyism

international socialism
international socialism

permanent revolution
permanent revolution

The left-wing political philosophy named after and based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky that is characterized by international socialism, opposition to Stalinism, the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of the vanguard party.

تْرُوتْسْكِيَّة

left-wing political philosophy named after Leon Trotsky


Marxism

en-noun

Marxism (countable and uncountable, plural Marxisms)

dictatorship of the proletariat
dictatorship of the proletariat

The socialist and communist theory of the followers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; a radical, revolutionary political philosophy that aims to capture state power, introduce a dictatorship of the proletariat, and then progress to communism.


社会主義

ja-noun

社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (shakai shugi) ^(←しやくわいしゆぎ (syakwai syugi)?)

社会主義 (canonical)
shakai shugi (romanization)
syakwai syugi (romanization)
しやくわいしゆぎ (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠ka̠i ɕɨɡʲi]

From 社(しゃ)会(かい) (shakai, “society”) + 主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (-shugi, “-ism”).


rojo

es-noun

rojo m (plural rojos, feminine roja, feminine plural rojas)

rojos (plural)
roja (feminine)
rojas (feminine plural)

From Old Spanish roxo, inherited from Latin russus or russeus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Portuguese roxo.

(Spain, Peru, derogatory) Red; a left-winger, especially communist


人大

/ʐən³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ taːi̯²²/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tai³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ taːi̯²²/

/naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tai³⁵/

Short for 中國人民大學／中国人民大学 (Zhōngguó Rénmín Dàxué, “Renmin University of China”).


statism

From state + -ism. Doublet of etatism. First attested in c. 1600.

(political philosophy, often derogatory)

(chiefly libertarianism and anarchism) The belief that the state is a legitimate societal organization.

държавен контрол

belief in the supreme legitimacy of the state


cyberanarchism

From cyber- + anarchism. First coined in 1994 by political science student Tomas Kriha in a paper titled Cyberanarchism.

The social organisation on the Internet as one without a centralised monopoly on the exercise of force (i.e. without a state).


anarch

Thus Satan; and him thus the Anarch old / With falt'ring speech and visage incomposed / Answer'd.

1667, John Milton, “Book LIX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 988-990:

1830, George Gordon Byron, Thomas Moore (editor), poem fragment, Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: With Notices of His Life, Volume 1, page 302,
One rank'd in some recording page / With the worst anarchs of the age, / Him wilt thou know — and, knowing, pause,

Every genuine boy is a rebel and an anarch. If he were allowed to develop according to his own instincts, his own inclinations, society would undergo such a radical transformation as to make the adult revolutionary cower and cringe.

1969, Henry Miller, The Books in My Life, page 82:

As all the world knows, Emma Goldman is the chief anarch of her time.

1910, Elbert Hubbard, Fra Magazine: A Journal of Affirmation, January 1910 to June 1910, page One Hundred:

The author of anarchy; one who excites revolt.


kulak

kulak (nominative singular)
kulaci (nominative plural)
kulaka (genitive singular)
kulaků (genitive plural)
kulakovi (dative singular)
kulaku (dative singular)
kulakům (dative plural)
kulaka (accusative singular)
kulaky (accusative plural)
kulaku (singular vocative)
kulaci (plural vocative)
kulakovi (locative singular)
kulaku (locative singular)
kulacích (locative plural)
kulakem (instrumental singular)
kulaky (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Russian кула́к (kulák, “wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person”).

bor+

Pan Kubrycht byl prý původně bohatý sedlák, čili – jak se v padesátých letech říkalo – kulak, kterého vyhnali z jeho statku.

2003, Jaroslav Čejka, Lidé, čas a zvířata, Praha: Baronet, →ISBN, page 144:

People say that Mr. Kubrycht was originally a rich farmer, or – as it was said in 1950s – a kulak, who was forced to leave his farm.

(historical, derogatory) kulak, a prosperous peasant marked as an enemy of the people by the communist regime, especially in the time of forced collectivization (e. g. in Czechoslovakia 1948–cca 1960)


decentralization

en-noun

decentralization (countable and uncountable, plural decentralizations)

From de- + centralization or decentralize + -ation.


superstructure

superstructure (countable and uncountable, plural superstructures)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superstructure.wav

The superstructure evolves more slowly and is more resistant to change than the economic infrastructure, especially in the modern industrial age of advanced capitalism.

1995, Richard Appignanesi, Chris Garratt, Postmodernism for Beginners, Icon Books, →ISBN, page 9:

(Marxism) The social sphere of ideology which includes religion, art, politics, law and all traditional values.


state machine

(Marxism) The state machinery; state apparatus.


representation

representation (countable and uncountable, plural representations)

From Late Middle English representacioun, from Old French representacion, from Latin repraesentātiō. By surface analysis, represent + -ation.

The Venus of Willendorf was an early representation of the female body.

The second and third quarters of the shield are indecipherable on the stone but clearer in two other representations of the arms, a painted wooden funeral hatchment for Mary Davie[…]

2012 October 8, Daniel W. Patterson, The True Image: Gravestone Art and the Culture of Scotch Irish Settlers in the Pennsylvania and Carolina Backcountry, UNC Press Books, →ISBN, page 141:

Chinese censors have long targeted representations of Winnie the Pooh - created by British author A.A. Milne - over internet memes that compare the fictional bear to China's president.

2023 April 10, Sarah Wu, Yew Lun Tian, Fabian Hamacher, Yimou Lee, “A punch in the face for Xi caricature: Taiwan air force badge goes viral”, in Gareth Jones, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-10:

(by extension, uncountable) The appearance(s) of a particular demographic group in a piece of media, particularly in regards to how such appearances are treated.

People who cannot afford representation are eligible for government assistance.

(law) The lawyers and staff who argue on behalf of another in court.

vertegenwoordiging

people who speak on behalf of another in court

The lack of representation in the British parliament was one of the main factors behind the American Revolution.

(politics) The ability to elect a representative to speak on one's behalf in government; the role of this representative in government.

представителство

politics: ability to elect a representative

(mathematics) An action of some algebraic structure (typically a group or algebra, particularly a Lie algebra) on a vector space, such that each element acts by a linear endomorphism.

kuvaus

mathematics: object that describes an abstract group in terms of linear transformations of vector spaces


moonbat

From moon + bat, first used in the 1940s by the science-fiction writer Robert Heinlein, then used in the term “barking moonbat” coined in 1999 by Perry de Havilland of “The Libertarian Samizdata”, a right-libertarian weblog. This originally referred to both left-wing and right-wing crazy people. Sometimes wrongly claimed to be a corruption of Monbiot (from George Monbiot, British environmentalist and Guardian columnist).

So, what do moonbat professors do when they're not attacking military recruiters, the Bush administration, cameramen, and College Republicans?

2005, Michele Malkin, Unhinged: Exposing Liberals Gone Wild, Washington, DC: Regnery, →ISBN, page 108:

As nervous Bush supporters watched the president's approval rating slide, they unleashed their wrath on Sheehan, labeling the mourning mom a “crazy,” “anti-Semite,” “left-wing moonbat,” “crackpot” whose behavior bordered on “treasonous” and who was nothing more than a “hysterical noncombatant.”

2006 May 11, Eric Boehlert, Lapdogs: How the Press Lay Down for the Bush White House, New York: Free Press, →ISBN, page 216:

Your job is to separate the media from the moonbats before some industrious cub reporter starts looking into our land deal.

2009 October 13, Steve Eubanks, Downforce, New York: Harper, →ISBN, page 255:

(informal, derogatory, politics) A liberal (someone with a left-wing ideology).


moonbat

en-adj

moonbat (comparative more moonbat, superlative most moonbat)

more moonbat (comparative)
most moonbat (superlative)

20204: The Bulwark
Trump, who said last month at the Republican National Convention that he would never again retell the story of the attempt on his life “because it’s too painful to tell,” told that story with relish. He expounded at length on his usual moonbat fables about how countries around the world are emptying their prisons and mental institutions to send their convicts and lunatics to the United States.

(informal, derogatory, politics) Of ideas absurd or obviously untruthful.


comrade

From late Middle English comered, from Middle French camarade, from Spanish camarada or Italian camerata, from Medieval Latin *camarata, from Latin camara, camera (“a chamber”); see chamber. Compare camaraderie.

Hello, comrade. Are you going to the Communist Party meeting tonight?

(communism) A fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person.

Comrade Lenin inspired our people to undertake great works.

(communism) A non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist, socialist, or Islamist state.


progressive

progressive (comparative more progressive, superlative most progressive)

more progressive (comparative)
most progressive (superlative)

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹesɪv/

From the Middle French progressif, from the Latin prōgressīvus, from prōgredior (perfect participial stem: prōgress-) + -īvus. Displaced native Old English forþgenġe.

suffix

perfect participial stem: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">prōgress-</i>

a progressive school

progressive education
progressive education

(education) Of or relating to progressive education.


progressive

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹesɪv/

(grammar) A progressive verb; a verb used in the progressive tense and (in English) generally conjugated to end in -ing.


progressive

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹesɪv/

progressive dinner
progressive dinner#English


working class

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-working class.wav

And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes. He said that if you wanted to do anything for them, you must rule them, not pamper them.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

It may seem that the Met was a snobbish outfit, a betrayer of the egalitarian dreams of Charles Pearson, but in being one of the pioneers of working men's fares the company had helped to bring about a revolution that would allow the working classes to live in London. Cheap trains would supersede Gladstone's well-meant Parliamentary Trains.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 47:

The social class of those who perform physical work for a living, as opposed to the professional or middle class, the upper class, or others.


working class

en-adj

working class (comparative more working class, superlative most working class)

more working class (comparative)
most working class (superlative)
working-class before noun (usually)


avant-garde

→ Danish: avantgarde

→ English: avant-garde

→ German: Avantgarde

→ Korean: 아방가르드 (abanggareudeu)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: avantgarde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: avantgarde

→ Swedish: avantgarde

→ Turkish: avangart

Inherited from Old French avantgarde. By surface analysis, avant (“before, in front of”) + garde (“guard”).

surf

En éduquant le parti ouvrier, le marxisme éduque une avant-garde du prolétariat capable de prendre le pouvoir et de mener le peuple tout entier au socialisme, de diriger et d’organiser un régime nouveau, d’être l’éducateur, le guide et le chef de tous les travailleurs et exploités pour l’organisation de leur vie sociale, sans la bourgeoisie et contre la bourgeoisie. Au contraire, l’opportunisme régnant éduque, dans le parti ouvrier, des représentants des travailleurs les mieux rétribués qui se détachent de la masse : ils "s’accommodent" assez bien du régime capitaliste et vendent pour un plat de lentilles leur droit d’aînesse, c’est-à-dire qu’ils abdiquent leur rôle de chefs révolutionnaires du peuple dans la lutte contre la bourgeoisie.

1917, Vladimir Lenin, “Chapter II, part 1”, in L’État et la Révolution:

(Marxism) vanguard, the most politicized and conscious part of the proletariat.


libertarian socialism

Any of a group of political philosophies dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, prominent examples being capitalism and the State; especially one that encourages the direct seizure by the people of the means of production with the aim of moving toward the creation of a radical direct democracy.

リバタリアン社会主義

リバタリアンしゃかいしゅぎ


רויט

royt (romanization)
רויט (predicative)
רויטער (masculine nominative)
רויט (indefinite neuter nominative)
רויטע (definite neuter nominative)
רויטס (neuter nominative postpositional)
רויטע (feminine nominative)
רויטע (nominative plural)
רויטן (accusative masculine)
רויט (accusative indefinite neuter)
רויטע (accusative definite neuter)
רויטס (accusative neuter postpositional)
רויטע (accusative feminine)
רויטע (accusative plural)
רויטן (dative masculine)
רויט (dative indefinite neuter)
רויטן (dative definite neuter)
רויטן (dative neuter postpositional)
רויטער (dative feminine)
רויטע (dative plural)

Inherited from Old High German rōt, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.


alienation

en-noun

alienation (usually uncountable, plural alienations)

From Middle English alienacioun, borrowed from Old French alienacion, itself borrowed from Latin aliēnātiōnem.

(Marxism) The estrangement of people from aspects of their human nature as a consequence of the division of labour and living in a society of stratified social classes.


intelligentsia

intelligentsia (countable and uncountable, plural intelligentsias)

/ɪntɛlɪˈd͡ʒɛntsɪə/

/ɪntɛlɪˈɡɛntsɪə/

From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija) or Polish inteligencja, from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of intelligence.

der

интеллиге́нция

It should be noted that there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense "Left". Perhaps the last right-wing intellectual was T. E. Lawrence. Since about 1930 everyone describable as an “intellectual” has lived in a state of chronic discontent with the existing order.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:

(politics) The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.


hammer and sickle

en-noun

hammer and sickle (plural hammers and sickles)

The symbol was developed by Yevgeny Kamzolkin in 1917, based on antetypes like hammer and pick (symbol of mining). The hammer represents workers, while the sickle represents farmers.

He remembers the [train] journeys fondly—the vast expanses of the Soviet empire rolling by, the glasses of tea served in metal cup holders embossed with the hammer and sickle.

December 7 2022, Simon Shuster, “2022 Person of the Year: Volodymyr Zelensky”, in Time:

A depiction of a sickle crossed with a hammer, used as a symbol of communism and the Soviet Union.

(metonymically) Socialism or communism itself.


СССР

→ Ingrian: SSSR

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик#Russian

initialism of Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (Sojúz Sovétskix Socialistíčeskix Respúblik, “USSR”), a country in Europe and Asia


ru-proper noun+

Социалисти́ческих

Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик • (Sojúz Sovétskix Socialistíčeskix Respúblik) m inan (genitive Сою́за Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик)

[sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲet͡skʲɪx sət͡sɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk]

Ru-Союз Советских Социалистических Республик.ogg

Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик есть социалисти́ческое госуда́рство рабо́чих и крестья́н.

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of workers and peasants. _((Article 1, 1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union))

Sojúz Sovétskix Socialistíčeskix Respúblik jestʹ socialistíčeskoje gosudárstvo rabóčix i krestʹján.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics#English

(historical) the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (a former country in Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)

ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик

en-Союз_Советских_Социалистических_Республик-ru-name-f2VR~bXy


fellow traveller

en-noun

fellow traveller (plural fellow travellers)

Near-synonym: camp follower

Earlier in the year, Ohio Senator Robert Taft charged that Democratic congressional proposals "bordered on communism," while Joe Martin called for Republican victories in order to oust the Communists and fellow travelers from the federal government.

1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 42:

The summary case files used by the Internal Security Council, now declassified and available at the British National Archives, reveal how flimsy many of the cases against the detainees were: classifications could be as vague as "suspected communist", "communist sympathiser", "suspected communist sympathiser" and even "fellow traveller".

2023 February 2, “Sixty years since Operation Coldstore”, in We the Citizens:

(US) One who sympathizes with the aims or beliefs of an organization without belonging to it; especially a Communist sympathizer.


dialectic

dialectic (countable and uncountable, plural dialectics)

From Old French dialectique, from Late Latin dialectica, from Ancient Greek διαλεκτική (dialektikḗ, “the art of argument through interactive questioning and answering”), from διαλεκτικός (dialektikós, “relating to dialogue”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “through, across”) + λέγειν (légein, “to speak”).

der

(Marxism) Progression of conflict, especially class conflict.


mutualism

en-noun

mutualism (countable and uncountable, plural mutualisms)

From mutual + -ism. Compare French mutualisme and Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish mutualismo.

(ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services.


liberation

liberation (countable and uncountable, plural liberations)

Borrowed from Middle French libération, and from Latin liberatio, liberationem (“a freeing”), from liberare past participle liberatus (“set free”); see liberate.

bor

women's liberation... black liberation... gay liberation...

(politics) The achievement of equal rights and status, particularly as seen as freedom from historic and structural oppression.


praxis

en-noun

praxis (countable and uncountable, plural praxes or praxises)

Partly from Latin prāxis and partly from its etymon Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (prâxis, “action, activity, practice”).

bor

The practical application of any branch of learning.


Iron Curtain

/ˌaɪən ˈkɜːtn̩/

A specialized use of iron curtain (“(figurative) impenetrable barrier”), probably partly a calque of German eiserner Vorhang which was used in speeches in the 1940s that were translated into English. The English term appeared in telegrams from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1874–1965) to the President of the United States Harry S. Truman (1884–1972) in 1945, before being popularized in a speech given by Churchill at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, on 5 March 1946: see the quotations.

We liked the plain people of Russia wherever we met them. […] We were behind the "iron curtain" at last!

1920, Mrs. Philip Snowden [i.e., Ethel Snowden], “Making Our Plans”, in Through Bolshevik Russia, London; New York, N.Y.: Cassell and Company, →OCLC, pages 31 and 32:

In the east the iron curtain behind which, unseen by the eyes of the world, the work of destruction goes on, is moving steadily forward.

1945 May 3, Court Schwerin von Krosigk [i.e., Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk], “New foreign minister broadcasts”, in [anonymous], transl., The Manchester Guardian, number 30,757, Manchester: […] John Russell Scott for the Manchester Guardian & Evening News, […], →OCLC, page 5, column 6:

An iron curtain is drawn down upon their [Russia's] front. We do not know what is going on behind.

1945 May 12, Winston Churchill, “No. 6: Leahy Papers: Telegram: Prime Minister Churchill to President [Harry S.] Truman”, in Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers: The Conference of Berlin (The Potsdam Conference) 1945 […] (86th Congress, 1st Session, House Document; no. 161, vol I; Department of State Publication; 7015), volume I, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, published 1960, →OCLC, paragraph 3, page 9:

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.

1946 March 5, Winston Churchill, “The Sinews of Peace”, in Westminster College Bulletin: World Spotlight Turns on Westminster, series 46, number 1, Fulton, Mo.: Westminster College, published April 1946, →OCLC, column 1:

Indeed, rail traffic of all kinds is developing through the Iron Curtain – for instance, last year a total of 6,445 wagons controlled by Interfrigo, the international company for refrigerated transport, passed between East and West; […]

1960 March, “Talking of Trains: London–Paris in Four Hours”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 134:

Justice is giving ground to the forces of evil. These developments have confused the camp of freedom and abetted the growth of Communism. Even so, the fierce struggle for freedom of the people shut behind the Iron Curtain and the support for their emancipation provided by peace-loving people outside the Iron Curtain have never ceased despite the buffeting from waves of appeasement.

1973 July 17 (date delivered), Chiang Kai-shek, “President Chiang Kai-shek’s Message to the Mass Rally Supporting Captive Nations Week”, in L. Y. Chen, editor, Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 28, Taipei, Taiwan: Chung Hwa Information Service, published 22 July 1973, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, columns 1–2:

Now, we are not in a new Cold War. We don't see the descending of a new Iron Curtain, but we have moved back very, very sharply in the wrong direction. We must work with the many Russian democrats still functioning in and out of government, in and out of Parliament, in and out of the business community, to make the dream of a Russian democracy become a reality.

2007 May 17, Tom Lantos, Chairman, Russia: Rebuilding the Iron Curtain: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, First Session […] (Serial No. 110-65), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 3:

[…] Christopher Hill, one of the Western critics whose works were cited and appreciated behind the Iron Curtain throughout the decades of state socialism.

2022, Miklós Péti, “Samson: An Unlikely Hero of Socialism”, in Timothy Mathews, editor, Paradise from behind the Iron Curtain: Reading, Translating and Staging Milton in Communist Hungary (Literature and Translation), London: UCL Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 68:

(historical) Chiefly preceded by the: the dividing line between Western Europe and the Soviet controlled regions, especially during the Cold War (1947–1991).


oppression

en-noun

oppression (countable and uncountable, plural oppressions)

From Middle English oppression, from Old French oppression, from Latin oppressiō (“a pressing down, violence, oppression”), from opprimō; see oppress.

der

Extreme freedom is followed by extreme oppression, said Plato.

The act of oppressing, or the state of being oppressed.


redskin

en:Native American name controversy#Controversial terminology

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-redskin.wav

The Red & Anarchist Skinheads, a left‐wing splinter of the SHARP group, formed in 1993. It grew out of influences from the redskin culture in England.

(anarchism, communism) An anticapitalist skinhead.


komuna

komuna (nominative singular)
komuny (nominative plural)
komuny (genitive singular)
komun (genitive plural)
komunie (dative singular)
komunom (dative plural)
komunę (accusative singular)
komuny (accusative plural)
komuną (instrumental singular)
komunami (instrumental plural)
komunie (locative singular)
komunach (locative plural)
komuno (singular vocative)
komuny (plural vocative)

(colloquial, derogatory, politics) communism, especially communist rule in Poland before 1989


venstre

From Old Norse vinstri, from Proto-Germanic *winistraz.


anarchia

anarchia (nominative singular)
anarchii (genitive singular)
anarchii (dative singular)
anarchię (accusative singular)
anarchią (instrumental singular)
anarchii (locative singular)
anarchio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Anarchie or French anarchie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía), from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-), + Ancient Greek ἀρχή (arkhḗ). First attested in 1570.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “anarchija”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


bourgeoisie

en-noun

bourgeoisie (usually uncountable, plural bourgeoisies)

/ˌbʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑːˈziː/

Unadapted borrowing from French bourgeoisie, from bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from bourgeois, “burghers”, i.e., townspeople.

ubor

For quotations using this term, see Citations:bourgeoisie.

меща́нство n (meščánstvo) (older translation, less political connotation)


small-l liberal

en-noun

small-l liberal (plural small-l liberals)

(politics) A person who holds liberal views but may or may not be a member or supporter of their country's "Liberal Party".

I was a factional warrior for the [New South Wales] Right of the [New South Wales] Libs. […] the main reason I allowed my membership to lapse was simple. I saw the conservative wing being overrun by a bunch of feral ex-lefties for whom being small “l” liberal was only a means to further their careers in the political sex industry.

2006 January 3, Irfan Yusuf, “What’s changed about me?”, in Webdiary:

Was this a reflection of [then-leader of the Victorian Liberal Party Teb] Baillieu's small-l liberal values or just a product of anger over public safety and inadequate rail services?

2010 December 4, Michael Gordon, “Big challenges for Melbourne's small-l Liberal”, in The Sunday Morning Herald:

Harry Guinness, was a policy and political adviser to Julie Bishop when she was foreign minister and deputy Liberal leader. His responsibilities included foreign aid, climate change and environmental sustainability. Last summer’s bushfires were the catalyst for Guinness — self-described as “definitely philosophically a small ‘l’ Liberal” — and colleagues to set up Blueprint as a pro-market think tank.

2021 March 12, Mike Steketee, “The revolt of the Liberal moderates”, in Inside Story:

(Australian politics) A person who is a member of, or associated with, the Moderate (centrist) faction of the Liberal Party of Australia.


AFL-CIO

(US, labour) Initialism of American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations.


apparatchik

apparatchik (plural apparatchiks or apparatchiki)

apparatchiks (plural)
apparatchiki (plural)

/æpəˈɹæt͡ʃɪk/

From Russian аппара́тчик (apparátčik, “operator, apparatchik”), from аппара́т (apparát, “apparat, apparatus (of state)”) + suffix -чик (-čik).

bor

Whether conservatively toeing their Marx or boldly advocating such heretical Western-style reforms as the primacy of profits, every important planner, apparatchik and economist in Russia is caught up in Communism's greatest debate since Stalin set backward Russia on its cruel-but successful-forced march into the 20th century industrial world.

1965 February 12, “Russia: Borrowing from the Capitalists”, in Time, volume 85, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2009-03-10:

In these dire conditions the ambitious Serbo-Croatian Communist Party apparatchik Slobodan Milošević played the national card in Kosovo.

2007, Elizabeth Roberts, Realm of the Black Mountain: A History of Montenegro, Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, page 34:

(historical) A member of the Soviet apparat; a Communist bureaucrat or agent.


農工

/nʊŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


privilege

en-noun

privilege (countable and uncountable, plural privileges)

From Middle English privilege, from Anglo-Norman privilege and Old French privilege, from Latin prīvilēgium (“ordinance or law against or in favor of an individual”), from prīvus (“private”) + lēx, lēg- (“law”).

der

(computing) An ability to perform an action on the system that can be selectively granted or denied to users.


left-wing

en-adj

left-wing (comparative more left-wing, superlative most left-wing)

more left-wing (comparative)
most left-wing (superlative)

From the seating arrangement in the French parliament after the French Revolution.

(politics) Of political ideologies: favoring political, social, and economic equality.


pioneer

/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/

From Middle French pionnier (“originally, a foot soldier”), Old French peonier, from peon (“a foot soldier”) (modern French: pion). See pawn (in chess).

uder

(communism) A member of a children’s organization operated by the Communist Party, typically in the second of three stages toward becoming a member of the Party itself.

pionier

member of a child organization in the Soviet bloc


Anarchist

de-noun

Anarchist m (weak, genitive Anarchisten, plural Anarchisten, feminine Anarchistin)

Anarchisten (genitive)
Anarchisten (plural)
Anarchistin (feminine)
Anarchist (nominative singular)
Anarchisten (definite nominative plural)
Anarchisten (genitive singular)
Anarchisten (definite genitive plural)
Anarchisten (dative singular)
Anarchisten (dative definite plural)
Anarchisten (accusative singular)
Anarchisten (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from French anarchiste, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía), from ἀν- (an-, “not, without”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “ruler”) + -ist.


Communist

I caught a glimpse of them through the half-opened door, and had a passing impression of prosperous and intelligent men, with astrakhan collars to their coats, glistening top-hats, and every appearance of that bourgeois well-being which the successful Communist so readily assumes.

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Disintegration Machine:

(inexact) Any citizen of a country controlled by such a party, particularly Red Chinese and (historical) Soviets.


Ka

Ka (canonical)
Kâ (canonical)
ᜃ (Baybayin)

From clipping of kaka (“elder sibling; elder”).

clipping

Ka Pedro

Ka Maria

term of address for elders and distant uncles or aunts


Ka

From clipping of kapatid (“sibling; brother; sister”).

Ka Felix

Iglesia ni Cristo
Iglesia ni Cristo#English

term of address used by members of Iglesia ni Cristo to refer to other Church members


Ka

From clipping of kasama (“companion; comrade”).

Ka Amado

non-hierarchical term of address, used in socialist and communist circles: comrade


Latine

Borrowed from Spanish latine (“Latine; Latino or Latina”). Gender-neutral -e replaces the gendered endings/elements -a and -o.

-a-o-e

(gender-neutral, neologism) Hispanic; Latino or Latina.


PH

en-noun

PH (countable and uncountable, plural PHs)


Red

The 5th “Red” army corps is also making for Wuting while the 9th “Red” army corps is preparing bamboo rafts for crossing the Kin Sha Kiang (River) northwards to invade south-western Szechuan.

1935 May 18, “Gen. Chiang Kai-shek Urges Full Development of Resources in Yunnan”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 72, number 12, →OCLC, page 385, column 1:

The policeman who arrests the "Red" does not understand the theories the "Red" is preaching; if he did, his own position as bodyguard of the monied class might seem less pleasant to him.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I:

A Defense Ministry communique said 40 Communist craft were sighted Tuesday off Peikantang, a tiny island in the Matsu group, but fled when the island's guns opened fire. The Matsus are off the Red port of Foochow, opposite the northern tip of Formosa.

1954 September 30, “Nationalist Forces Rout 40 Red Boats”, in The Washington Post and Times Herald, volume 77, number 299, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4, column 2:

First reports were that the Reds, in five gunboats and swarms of junks, succeeded in landing on tiny Wuchiu in Formosa Strait, but were beaten off with many captured.[…]
The attack on Wuchiu, a mile-long, half-mile-wide island 15 miles off the mainland, was the first amphibious operation by the Reds since they began boasting last summer they would "liberate" Formosa.

1954 November 27, “Red Assault on Tiny Isle Beaten Off, Say Nationalists”, in The Daily Colonist, volume 96, number 294, Victoria, British Columbia, page 1, columns 6, 7:

Teng left China just before the Red takeover to come to this country.

1963 December 18, Chinatown News, page 12:

Sixty knots? No way, Barnes. The Reds don't have anything that fast.

1989, James Cameron, The Abyss (motion picture):


Red

A nickname given to someone who has or had red hair.


Red

the Red Army


Comintern

From Russian Коминте́рн (Komintérn), contracted abbreviation of Коммуни́сти́ческий Интернациона́л (Kommunístíčeskij Intɛrnacionál, “Communist International”), from коммунисти́ческий (kommunistíčeskij) + Интернациона́л (Intɛrnacionál).

(historical) An international association of Communist parties, established in 1919 by Vladimir Lenin and dissolved in 1943.


Comintern

Borrowed from Russian Коминте́рн (Komintérn).

(historical) Comintern (international association of Communist parties)


anarki

Borrowed from Dutch anarchie, from Middle French anarchie, from Latin anarchia, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía).

(politics) a political regime (or movement to establish it) lacking any form of political authority or government.


чёрный

ru-adj

черны́м-черно́

чёрный • (čórnyj) (comparative (по)черне́е or (по)черне́й, superlative черне́йший, adverb черно́ or черны́м-черно́ or чёрно, diminutive чёрненький, augmentative черню́щий)

čórnyj (romanization)
(по)черне́е (comparative)
(по)черне́й (comparative)
черне́йший (superlative)
черно́ (adverb)
черны́м-черно́ (adverb)
чёрно (adverb)
чёрненький (diminutive)
черню́щий (augmentative)
чёрный (masculine nominative)
чёрное (neuter nominative)
чёрная (feminine nominative)
чёрные (nominative plural)
чёрного (genitive masculine neuter)
чёрной (feminine genitive)
чёрных (genitive plural)
чёрному (dative masculine neuter)
чёрной (dative feminine)
чёрным (dative plural)
чёрного (accusative animate masculine)
чёрное (accusative neuter)
чёрную (accusative feminine)
чёрных (accusative animate plural)
чёрный (accusative inanimate masculine)
чёрные (accusative inanimate plural)
чёрным (instrumental masculine neuter)
чёрной (feminine instrumental)
чёрною (feminine instrumental)
чёрными (instrumental plural)
чёрном (masculine neuter prepositional)
чёрной (feminine prepositional)
чёрных (plural prepositional)
чёрен (masculine short-form)
черно́ (neuter short-form)
черна́ (feminine short-form)
черны́ (plural short-form)
чёрный (dated masculine nominative)
чёрное (dated neuter nominative)
чёрная (dated feminine nominative)
чёрные (dated masculine nominative plural)
чёрныя (dated feminine neuter nominative plural)
чёрнаго (dated genitive masculine neuter)
чёрной (dated feminine genitive)
чёрныхъ (dated feminine genitive masculine neuter)
чёрному (dated dative masculine neuter)
чёрной (dated dative feminine)
чёрнымъ (dated dative feminine masculine neuter)
чёрнаго (accusative animate dated masculine)
чёрное (accusative dated neuter)
чёрную (accusative dated feminine)
чёрныхъ (accusative animate dated feminine masculine neuter)
чёрный (accusative dated inanimate masculine)
чёрные (accusative dated inanimate masculine plural)
чёрныя (accusative dated feminine inanimate neuter plural)
чёрнымъ (dated instrumental masculine neuter)
чёрной (dated feminine instrumental)
чёрною (dated feminine instrumental)
чёрными (dated feminine instrumental masculine neuter)
чёрномъ (dated masculine neuter prepositional)
чёрной (dated feminine prepositional)
чёрныхъ (dated feminine masculine neuter prepositional)
чёренъ (dated masculine short-form)
черно́ (dated neuter short-form)
черна́ (dated feminine short-form)
черны́ (dated feminine masculine neuter short-form)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ.
Cognates include Lithuanian kir̃snas and Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa, “black, dark”).


NPA

(Philippines) Initialism of New People's Army.


NPA

[ˌʔɛm pɪ ˈʔeɪ̯]


советский

сове́тский • (sovétskij)

сове́тский (canonical)
sovétskij (romanization)
сове́тский (masculine nominative)
сове́тское (neuter nominative)
сове́тская (feminine nominative)
сове́тские (nominative plural)
сове́тского (genitive masculine neuter)
сове́тской (feminine genitive)
сове́тских (genitive plural)
сове́тскому (dative masculine neuter)
сове́тской (dative feminine)
сове́тским (dative plural)
сове́тского (accusative animate masculine)
сове́тское (accusative neuter)
сове́тскую (accusative feminine)
сове́тских (accusative animate plural)
сове́тский (accusative inanimate masculine)
сове́тские (accusative inanimate plural)
сове́тским (instrumental masculine neuter)
сове́тской (feminine instrumental)
сове́тскою (feminine instrumental)
сове́тскими (instrumental plural)
сове́тском (masculine neuter prepositional)
сове́тской (feminine prepositional)
сове́тских (plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: sovetskoi

→ Kildin Sami: советскэ (sovjetske)

→ Yakut: сэбиэскэй (sebieskey)

Ru-советский.ogg

From сове́т (sovét, “advice, council, Soviet”) + -ский (-skij).

af

совѣ́тскій — Pre-reform orthography (1918)


proletariat

/ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/

From French prolétariat (“proletariats as a class; state of being a proletariat”), from Latin prōlētārius (“belonging to the lowest class of citizens, whose only contribution to the state was their offspring; member of this class”) + French -at (suffix denoting actions or the results of actions). Prōlētārius is derived from prōlēs (“offspring, posterity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, or forming nouns denoting agents of use from other nouns); prōlēs is from pro- (prefix meaning ‘bringing forth or into being; bringing into the open’) + *olēs (a variant of *oleō (“to grow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”)).

proletaro

lowest class of citizens in Ancient Rome and elsewhere

Coordinate term: salariat

Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie to-day, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its special and essential product.

1848 February, Karl Marx, Frederick Engels [i.e., Friedrich Engels], “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., Manifesto of the Communist Party. […], 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party, published 1898, →OCLC, page 27:

(Marxism) Wage earners collectively, excluding salaried workers; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie (“the capital-owning class”).


proletariat

az-noun

proletariat (definite accusative proletariatı, plural proletariatlar)

proletariatı (accusative definite)
proletariatlar (plural)
proletariat (nominative singular)
proletariatlar (nominative plural)
proletariatı (accusative definite singular)
proletariatları (accusative definite plural)
proletariata (dative singular)
proletariatlara (dative plural)
proletariatda (locative singular)
proletariatlarda (locative plural)
proletariatdan (ablative singular)
proletariatlardan (ablative plural)
proletariatın (definite genitive singular)
proletariatların (definite genitive plural)
proletariatım (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
proletariatlarım (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
proletariatın (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
proletariatların (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
proletariatı (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
proletariatları (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
proletariatlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
proletariatınız (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınız (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
proletariatı (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatları (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatları (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
proletariatımı (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
proletariatlarımı (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
proletariatını (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
proletariatını (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
proletariatlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
proletariatınızı (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızı (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
proletariatını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarını (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
proletariatıma (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
proletariatlarıma (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
proletariatına (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarına (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
proletariatına (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarına (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
proletariatlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
proletariatınıza (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınıza (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
proletariatına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarına (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
proletariatımda (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
proletariatlarımda (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
proletariatında (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarında (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
proletariatında (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarında (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
proletariatlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
proletariatınızda (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızda (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
proletariatında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarında (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
proletariatımdan (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
proletariatlarımdan (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
proletariatından (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
proletariatından (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
proletariatlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
proletariatınızdan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızdan (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
proletariatından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarından (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
proletariatımın (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
proletariatlarımın (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
proletariatının (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
proletariatının (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
proletariatlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
proletariatınızın (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızın (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
proletariatının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
proletariatlarının (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Russian пролетариа́т (proletariát), from French prolétariat.

bor

пролетариа́т


proletariat

pl-noun

proletariat m inan (related adjective proletariacki)

proletariacki (adjective)
proletariat (nominative singular)
proletariatu (genitive singular)
proletariatowi (dative singular)
proletariat (accusative singular)
proletariatem (instrumental singular)
proletariacie (locative singular)
proletariacie (singular vocative)

(collective, Marxism) proletariat (working class or lower class)


Советский Союз

ru-proper noun+

Сове́тский Сою́з • (Sovétskij Sojúz) m inan (genitive Сове́тского Сою́за)

Сове́тский Сою́з (canonical)
Sovétskij Sojúz (romanization)
Сове́тского Сою́за (genitive)
Сове́тский Сою́з (nominative singular)
Сове́тского Сою́за (genitive singular)
Сове́тскому Сою́зу (dative singular)
Сове́тский Сою́з (accusative singular)
Сове́тским Сою́зом (instrumental singular)
Сове́тском Сою́зе (prepositional singular)

→ Ingrian: Sovetskoi Sojuza

Ru-Советский Союз.ogg

(history) Soviet Union (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)

Sojúz Sovétskix Socialistíčeskix Respúblik


proletarian

en-adj

proletarian (comparative more proletarian, superlative most proletarian)

more proletarian (comparative)
most proletarian (superlative)

From Latin proletarius (“a man whose only wealth is his offspring, or whose sole service to the state is as father”), from proles (“offspring, posterity”).

der

While the May 30th Movement is usually perceived by historians as essentially a Communist-instigated urban proletarian movement, in the suburban countryside in Xihua county the antiforeign struggle attracted a sizable number of peasants. Surprisingly, the Xihua boycott in Youth Village (qingnian cun) was organized in the name of a peasant organization, the Central Plain Peasant Association (Zhongyuan nongmin xiehui).

1994, Mobilizing the Masses: Building Revolution in Henan, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 47:


commodity

en-noun

commodity (countable and uncountable, plural commodities)

→ Bulgarian: комодити (komoditi)

→ Czech: komodita

→ Indonesian: komoditas

→ Japanese: コモディティ (komoditi)

→ French: commodité

→ Portuguese: comódite

desc

→ Russian: коммодити (kommoditi), коммодитиз (kommoditiz)

→ Slovak: komodita

From Middle English commoditee, from Anglo-Norman commoditee, from Latin commoditās.

(Marxism) Anything which has both a use value and an exchange value.


Maoism

en-noun

Maoism (usually uncountable, plural Maoisms)

From Mao (surname of Mao Zedong) + -ism.

Some of the farmers were arrested in Wuhan parks where they allegedly spoke against Maoism and the Communist dictatorship, the report said.

1973 March 4, “Starving farmers given jail terms”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 8, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The philosophy espoused by Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a form of Marxism-Leninism that focuses on the peasantry as the revolutionary vanguard.


agitprop

agitprop (countable and uncountable, plural agitprops)

/ˈædʒɪtpɹɒp/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-agitprop.wav

/ˈæd͡ʒətˌpɹɑp/

The noun is borrowed from Russian агитпро́п (agitpróp, “agitprop”), Агитпро́п (Agitpróp, “Agitprop (Department for Agitation and Propaganda of the Soviet Union)”), short for отде́л агитации и пропаганды (otdél agitacii i propagandy, “Department for Agitation and Propaganda”); analysable as a blend of agitation + propaganda.
The verb is derived from the noun.

bor

The letter was pure puffery, probably written by some clerk in North Korea's agitprop bureau, but [Donald] Trump loved it.

2020 June 23, John Bolton, “The Singapore Sling”, in The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 96:

Like most pieces of agitprop, the Lucas and Sargent paper vastly overstated the deficiencies of the old order.

2024, Jeremy B. Rudd, A Practical Guide to Macroeconomics, p. 2

(uncountable, also attributively) Political propaganda disseminated through art, drama, literature, etc., especially communist propaganda; (specifically, communism, historical) such propaganda formerly disseminated by the Department for Agitation and Propaganda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

агітпро́п

political propaganda disseminated through art, etc.


Stalinism

en-noun

Stalinism (usually uncountable, plural Stalinisms)

The Communist philosophies espoused by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

stalinizëm

Communist philosophies espoused by Josef Stalin

The act or state of living in accord with the communist philosophies of Stalin.


revisionism

revisionism (countable and uncountable, plural revisionisms)

/ɹɪˈvɪʒəˌnɪzəm/

(Marxism, derogatory) An evolutionary form of Marxism, abandoning some of its original principles.


revisionism

revisionism (indefinite nominative singular)


commie

Blend of communist + -ie (diminutive suffix).


Marxismus

de-noun

Marxismus m (strong, genitive Marxismus, plural Marxismen)

Marxismus (genitive)
Marxismen (plural)
Marxismus (nominative singular)
Marxismen (definite nominative plural)
Marxismus (genitive singular)
Marxismen (definite genitive plural)
Marxismus (dative singular)
Marxismen (dative definite plural)
Marxismus (accusative singular)
Marxismen (accusative definite plural)


Sozialismus

Sozialismus m (strong, genitive Sozialismus, plural (rare) Sozialismen)

Sozialismus (genitive)
Sozialismen (plural rare)
Sozialismus (nominative singular)
Sozialismen (definite nominative plural rare)
Sozialismus (genitive singular)
Sozialismen (definite genitive plural rare)
Sozialismus (dative singular)
Sozialismen (dative definite plural rare)
Sozialismus (accusative singular)
Sozialismen (accusative definite plural rare)


diversity

en-noun

diversity (countable and uncountable, plural diversities)

From Middle English diversite, from Old French diversité, from Latin dīversitās. Displaced native Old English mislīcnes.

Bakke has shaped a precarious context for diversity initiatives in higher education. On the one hand, the U.S. Supreme Court has reasoned that race may serve a purpose in the admissions process; however, race may not be used as a corrective measure, such as by establishing quotas.

2003, Adalberto Aguirre, Racial and Ethnic Diversity in America: A Reference Handbook, page 72:

Diversity is now a big industry — about $8 billion per year gets spent on diversity trainings in America — and parents might be feeling blindsided by the rapid changes, many of which came after last year’s George Floyd protests.

2021 November 11, Jay Caspian Kang, “Can We Talk About Critical Race Theory?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(chiefly business) Equal-opportunity inclusion.


Kommunismus

de-noun

Kommunismus m (strong, genitive Kommunismus, plural Kommunismen)

Kommunismus (genitive)
Kommunismen (plural)
Kommunismus (nominative singular)
Kommunismen (definite nominative plural)
Kommunismus (genitive singular)
Kommunismen (definite genitive plural)
Kommunismus (dative singular)
Kommunismen (dative definite plural)
Kommunismus (accusative singular)
Kommunismen (accusative definite plural)

desctree

→ Russian: коммуни́зм (kommunízm), коммуни́змъ (kommunízm) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: կոմունիզմ (komunizm)
→ Kazakh: коммунизм (kommunizm)
→ Mongolian: коммунизм (kommunizm)
→ Tajik: коммунизм (kommunizm)
→ Uzbek: kommunizm

Coined by German-born philosopher Karl Marx and German philosopher, sociologist and economist Friedrich Engels in 1848 in the Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (“Manifesto of the Communist Party”), from French communisme (coined in 1840), formed from commun (“common”), from Latin commūnis, and the suffix -isme (“-ism”).

coin

1932, Erich Mühsam, Die Befreiung der Gesellschaft vom Staat, in: Erich Mühsam: Prosaschriften II, Verlag europäische ideen Berlin (1978), page 255

We understand by communism the relationship of society that is based on public ownership, that allows everyone to work according to his capabilities, everyone to consume according to his needs.

Wir verstehen unter Kommunismus die auf Gütergemeinschaft beruhende Gesellschaftsbeziehung, die jedem nach seinen Fähigkeiten zu arbeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen zu verbrauchen erlaubt.


substructure

(Marxism) Synonym of base (“the forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life”)


POC

en-noun

POC (countable and uncountable, plural POCs)


Bolshevik

Bolshevik (plural Bolsheviks or Bolsheviki)

Borrowed from Russian большеви́к (bolʹševík), from большинство́ (bolʹšinstvó, “majority”).

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(historical) A member of the Communist Party that ruled the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

bolshevik

a member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which seized power in the October Revolution of 1917


lumpenproletariat

Unadapted borrowing from German Lumpenproletariat.

ubor

I hadn't quite figured her out yet: rude snob or lumpenproletariat?

2021, Pedro Mairal, The Woman from Uruguay, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 29:

(Marxism) The lowest stratum of the proletariat, whose mental and physical health, mores and morale have deteriorated, through exploitation by the bourgeoisie, to a degree where they cannot build class consciousness and hence cannot be mobilized for the revolution.

流氓無產階級

in Marxism: the lowest stratum of the proletariat


lumpenproletariat

pl-noun

lumpenproletariat m inan (related adjective lumpenproletariacki)

lumpenproletariacki (adjective)
lumpenproletariat (nominative singular)
lumpenproletariatu (genitive singular)
lumpenproletariatowi (dative singular)
lumpenproletariat (accusative singular)
lumpenproletariatem (instrumental singular)
lumpenproletariacie (locative singular)
lumpenproletariacie (singular vocative)

(collective, Marxism) lumpenproletariat (the lowest stratum of the proletariat)


lumpenproletariat

lumpenproletariat (accusative indefinite nominative)
lumpenproletariatul (accusative definite nominative)
lumpenproletariat (indefinite)
lumpenproletariatului (definite)
lumpenproletariatule (vocative)


socialista

head

socialista (epicene, plural socialistes)


socialista

ca-adj

socialista m or f (masculine and feminine plural socialistes)


socialista

ca-noun

socialista m or f by sense (plural socialistes)


socialista

cs-noun

socialista m anim (female equivalent socialistka)

socialistka (feminine)
socialista (nominative singular)
socialisté (nominative plural)
socialisti (nominative plural)
socialisty (genitive singular)
socialistů (genitive plural)
socialistovi (dative singular)
socialistům (dative plural)
socialistu (accusative singular)
socialisty (accusative plural)
socialisto (singular vocative)
socialisté (plural vocative)
socialisti (plural vocative)
socialistovi (locative singular)
socialistech (locative plural)
socialistou (instrumental singular)
socialisty (instrumental plural)


socialista

gl-noun

socialista m or f by sense (plural socialistas)


socialista

head

socialista (comparative plus socialista, superlative le plus socialista)

plus socialista (comparative)
le plus socialista (superlative)


socialista

it-adj

socialista (masculine plural socialisti, feminine plural socialiste)

socialisti (masculine plural)
socialiste (feminine plural)


socialista

it-noun

socialista m or f by sense (masculine plural socialisti, feminine plural socialiste)

→ Maltese: soċjalista


socialista

head

socialista m (feminine singular socialista, masculine plural socialistas, feminine plural socialistas)

socialista (feminine singular)
socialistas (masculine plural)
socialistas (feminine plural)


socialista

From French socialiste (“socialist”). By surface analysis, social + -ista.

(Portugal, politics) a member or supporter the Portuguese Socialist Party


socialista

pt-adj

socialista m or f (plural socialistas, not comparable)

(politics) socialist (of, promoting, practising, or characteristic of socialism)

(Portugal, politics) of or belonging to the Portuguese Socialist Party


socialista

es-adj

socialista m or f (masculine and feminine plural socialistas)

(politics, Spain) Pertaining to PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español), a Spanish political party


socialista

(politics, Spain) a member or supporter of PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español), a Spanish political party


inclusive

en-adj

inclusive (comparative more inclusive, superlative most inclusive)

more inclusive (comparative)
most inclusive (superlative)

From Middle French inclusif, from Medieval Latin inclūsīvus, from Latin inclūsus.

Wikipedia describes inclusive counting in Counting

The pronoun in "If you want, we could go back to my place for coffee" is an inclusive "we".

(linguistics) Of, or relating to the first-person plural pronoun when including the person being addressed.

inclusif

of, or relating to the first-person plural pronoun when including the person being addressed


militant

From Middle French militant, from Latin mīlitāns, present participle of mīlitāre (“to serve as a soldier”).

(specifically, communism) someone who supports the Trotskyist political view expressed in the newspaper Militant, or who engages in aggressive left-wing politics.

троцкист

one who supports a Trotskyite political view


questioning

questioning (not generally comparable, comparative more questioning, superlative most questioning)

more questioning (comparative)
most questioning (superlative)

/ˈkwɛʃ.t͡ʃə.nɪŋ/

From question + -ing (noun via Middle English questionyng).

Why do you have a questioning look? Are you puzzled about something?

Characterized by questions, inquisitiveness, doubt, or wonder; quizzical.


חבר

he-noun

חָבֵר • (khavér) m (plural indefinite חֲבֵרִים, singular construct חֲבֵר־, plural construct חַבְרֵי־, feminine counterpart חֲבֵרָה)

חָבֵר (canonical)
khavér (romanization)
חֲבֵרִים (indefinite plural)
חֲבֵר־ (construct singular)
חַבְרֵי־ (construct plural)
חֲבֵרָה (feminine)
חָבֵר (indefinite masculine singular)
חֲבֵרִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חֲבֵרֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הֶחָבֵר (definite masculine singular)
חֲבֵרְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֲבֵרֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֲבֶרְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חֲבֶרְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חֲבֵר־ (construct masculine singular)
חֲבֵרוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֲבֵרָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֲבֵרָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֲבֵרָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֲבֵרִים (indefinite masculine plural)
חבריי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חֲבֵרַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חֲבֵרֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַחֲבֵרִים (definite masculine plural)
חֲבֵרֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חברייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֲבֵרַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חַבְרֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חַבְרֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חַבְרֵי־ (construct masculine plural)
חֲבֵרָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֲבֵרֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חַבְרֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חַבְרֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֲבֵרָה (feminine indefinite singular)
חַבְרָתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חַבְרָתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַחֲבֵרָה (definite feminine singular)
חַבְרָתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חַבְרָתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חַבְרַתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חַבְרַתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חַבְרַת־ (construct feminine singular)
חַבְרָתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חַבְרָתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חַבְרָתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חַבְרָתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֲבֵרוֹת (feminine indefinite plural)
חברותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חַבְרוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חַבְרוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַחֲבֵרוֹת (definite feminine plural)
חַבְרוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חברותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חַבְרוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חַבְרוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חַבְרוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חַבְרוֹת־ (construct feminine plural)
חַבְרוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חַבְרוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חַבְרוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חַבְרוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

→ Arabic: حَبْر (ḥabr), حِبْر (ḥibr)

→ English: chaver

→ Ladino: haver

desctree

→ Yiddish: חבֿר (khaver)
→ Dutch: gabber
→ English: gabber
→ German: Gabber
→ Finnish: kaveri
→ German: Chawer
→ Bavarian: Haberer
→ German: Haberer
→ Hungarian: haver
→ Lithuanian: chebra

[ħɔːˈveː.eʀ̟]

Cognate with Arabic خ ب ر (ḵ b r) and Aramaic חבר.


Stalin

cs-proper noun

Stalin m anim (related adjective stalinský, possessive adjective Stalinův)

stalinský (adjective)
Stalinův (adjective possessive)
Stalin (nominative singular)
Stalinové (nominative plural)
Stalina (genitive singular)
Stalinů (genitive plural)
Stalinovi (dative singular)
Stalinu (dative singular)
Stalinům (dative plural)
Stalina (accusative singular)
Staliny (accusative plural)
Staline (singular vocative)
Stalinové (plural vocative)
Stalinovi (locative singular)
Stalinu (locative singular)
Stalinech (locative plural)
Stalinem (instrumental singular)
Staliny (instrumental plural)

André Gide se octl v úplných rozpacích, když všude pozoroval přímo nestvůrný kult Stalina. […] Stalin, krutovládce z Kavkazu nad Rusí, jest spíše symbolem, než skutečnou osobou, symbolem, jemuž náleží stejná úcta jako ikoně.

1937 April 30, Arne Novák, “Několik glos na okraji Gideova Návratu ze Sovětského svazu”, in Lumír, volume 63, number 3, pages 159–162:

André Gide felt completely confused when he saw the really monstrous cult of Stalin everywhere. […] Stalin, the tyrant from the Caucasus, which towers above Russia, is more a symbol than a real person, symbol to whom the same reverence belongs as to an icon.

Ста́лин Сталин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Ста́лин (Stálin), usually applying to the alias of Joseph Dzhugashvili


Stalin

Stalin (nominative singular)
Stalina (genitive singular)
Stalinowi (dative singular)
Stalina (accusative singular)
Stalinem (instrumental singular)
Stalinie (locative singular)
Stalinie (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Ста́лин (Stálin), from сталь (stalʹ, “steel”) + -ин (-in, possessive suffix), from German Stahl (“steel”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stahlą (“steel”).


red flag

Improper formatting is a red flag to look for other problems with the data.

The first major red flag with Barbara was her use of emojis. After our second session, in which I listed my many negative qualities, she said my long-term mission was to accept myself – a statement she ended with a winking face.

2016 July 9, Angelina Chapin, “Text therapy: once my therapist sent me an emoji, I knew it was game over”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-15:

In the pre-cellphone world of the early '80s, my dad might have done a few things that today would raise a few red flags, but in truth cultivated a sense of independence. "I'm headed to the ballpark," he'd say, dropping $20 on the desk in a Chicago hotel room. "Take the El to Addison, your ticket should be at Will Call. Try to find the media room after the game or just hang around outside the gate or just meet me back here."

2021 June 19, David Vecsey, “Former Times Columnist George Vecsey Gets Tribute From Son”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-07:

Evolved Ape investors noticed several red flags leading up to Evil Ape's rug pull. After the public sale on September 24, the announcements seemed suspiciously unprofessional and several of the leaders were not around anymore, one investor who requested anonymity due to the ongoing fallout from the scam told Motherboard. But they chalked it up to lack of experience at the time. "I don't think this giant storm was ever what was expected," the investor said.

2021 October 5, Ekin Genç, “Investors Spent Millions on 'Evolved Apes' NFTs. Then They Got Scammed.”, in VICE, archived from the original on 2023-05-28:

(informal) A cue, warning, or alert; a sign or signal that something is wrong.

紅燈

a cue, warning, or alert; a sign or signal that something is wrong


lefty

(Canada, US, informal) One who is left-handed.

The new brocialism cares deeply about women’s issues of course – just not enough to elect an actual woman. They don’t need to, because good lefties speak for all us. They don’t even notice gender.

2015 September 12, Suzanne Moore, “As Jeremy Corbyn was anointed leader, not one female voice was heard”, in The Guardian:

(chiefly UK, informal, politics) One who has left-wing political views.

This pole gets whipped, I miss dishing it, putting red on the can like Pepsi
Govs said I defy, I never been right but my yank does love my lefty

2020 January 18, “Routine”, (CGE) Young Stacks (lyrics), 0:35:

Spin that whip, let me see that dog, Imma blam that goal like Messi, shit gets messy – and I still get him down with my lefty

2022 April 14, “REALIFE”, LF70 (lyrics), 1:29:


lefty

en-adj

lefty (comparative more lefty, superlative most lefty)

more lefty (comparative)
most lefty (superlative)

(Canada, US, not comparable) Left-handed.

The prospect of an Argentinian amalgam of Bolsonaro and Trump taking power has horrified progressive voters and also, apparently, Pope Francis, whom Milei has bad-mouthed as a “lefty son of a bitch”.

2023 October 22, Tom Phillips, Uki Goñi, “‘Bad and dangerous’: Argentina’s Trump on track to become president”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


internalize

en-verb

internalize (third-person singular simple present internalizes, present participle internalizing, simple past and past participle internalized)

tlb

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

internalizes (present singular third-person)
internalizing (participle present)
internalized (participle past)
internalized (past)

(transitive, programming) To store (a string or other structure) in a shared pool, such that subsequent items with the same value can share the same instance.


левый

ru-noun+

ле́вый • (lévyj) m inan (genitive ле́вого, nominative plural ле́вые, genitive plural ле́вых, feminine ле́вая)

ле́вый (canonical)
lévyj (romanization)
ле́вого (genitive)
ле́вые (nominative plural)
ле́вых (genitive plural)
ле́вая (feminine)
ле́вый (nominative singular)
ле́вые (nominative plural)
ле́вого (genitive singular)
ле́вых (genitive plural)
ле́вому (dative singular)
ле́вым (dative plural)
ле́вый (accusative singular)
ле́вые (accusative plural)
ле́вым (instrumental singular)
ле́выми (instrumental plural)
ле́вом (prepositional singular)
ле́вых (plural prepositional)

From лево́й (levój) (accent alignment – from пра́вый (právyj) – in pairs closely related in meaning) from Old East Slavic лѣвъ (lěvŭ, “left, wrong, evil”), from Proto-Slavic *lěvъ.

inh

(politics) leftist, one who believes in the political left


lockout

(labour) The opposite of a strike; a labor disruption where management refuses to allow workers into a plant to work even if they are willing.


аппаратчик

ru-noun+

аппара́тчица

аппара́тчик • (apparátčik) m anim (genitive аппара́тчика, nominative plural аппара́тчики, genitive plural аппара́тчиков, feminine аппара́тчица)

аппара́тчик (canonical)
apparátčik (romanization)
аппара́тчика (genitive)
аппара́тчики (nominative plural)
аппара́тчиков (genitive plural)
аппара́тчица (feminine)
аппара́тчик (nominative singular)
аппара́тчики (nominative plural)
аппара́тчика (genitive singular)
аппара́тчиков (genitive plural)
аппара́тчику (dative singular)
аппара́тчикам (dative plural)
аппара́тчика (accusative singular)
аппара́тчиков (accusative plural)
аппара́тчиком (instrumental singular)
аппара́тчиками (instrumental plural)
аппара́тчике (prepositional singular)
аппара́тчиках (plural prepositional)

Polish: aparatczyk

[ɐpɐˈrat͡ɕːɪk]

аппара́т (apparát, “apparat, apparatus”) + -щик (-ščik, “doer”)

af

(politics, slang) apparatchik, loyal member of a Communist apparat (State organ), bureaucrat


trustafarian

2003, Kate Gardner, Meat Me in Manhattan: A Carnivore's Guide to New York http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0970312571&id=wQt-LEMEezUC&pg=RA13-PT21&lpg=RA13-PT21&dq=trustafarian&sig=wicOp5oWIhv63G3Ocejx7eOsyro
"Today's punk-rocking population, paying $1500 a month in trustafarian scrip, doesn't under-stand German, much less Yiddish."

I'm your typical trustafarian, I'm afraid: spoilt little rich kid living the dream off his inheritance.

2012, Hannah Richell, The Secrets of the Tides, →ISBN, page 425:

(slang) A young person with the fashion sensibilities of a hippie, or any other countercultural trend, especially anarchism, Maoism, or punk rock, who subscribes to an unemployed, shiftless life of hedonism based upon an unlimited amount of funds (a trust fund).


presidium

en-noun

presidium (plural presidia or presidiums)

Borrowed from Russian прези́диум (prezídium), from Latin praesidium. Doublet of praesidium and presidio.

A permanent executive committee, used primarily in Communist countries, with the power to act for a larger governing body when the latter is in recess.

Such an executive committee headed by the President of the Supreme Soviet.


Juche

/ˈd͡ʒuːt͡ʃeɪ/

Borrowed from Korean 주체(主體) (juche, “self-reliance”, literally “subject”).

bor+

Despite its rejection of theism and its political origins, there are several reasons for labeling Juche ideology a form of spirituality. […] According to Juche teachings, human beings only exist within societies.

2008, Don Baker, Korean Spirituality, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 147:

زُوتْشِيَّة

North Korean self-reliance state ideology


leftism

en-noun

leftism (countable and uncountable, plural leftisms)

Belief in the principles of left-wing politics.


left-winger

vasemmistolainen

person who belongs to the political left

(sports) A person who plays the position of left wing.


Maoist

After Richard Nixon's visit to Peiping in 1972 and the establishment of "liaison offices" in Washington and Peiping, the Maoists have been stepping up their infiltration and subversive activities in the United States, the sources pointed out.

1975 August 3, “Peiping increasing aid to Red insurgents”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 30, Taipei, page 1:


people's army

A communist-based military organization, often linked to a communist political party; the armed forces of a communist state.


bleeding-heart

Any of several species of bird in the genus Gallicolumba of the pigeon family, native to the Philippines, characterised by a red patch on the plumage of the breast.