فيروزج

ar-noun

فِيرُوزَج or فَيْرُوزَج • (fīrūzaj or fayrūzaj) m

فِيرُوزَج (canonical)
فَيْرُوزَج (canonical)
fīrūzaj (romanization)
fayrūzaj (romanization)
فِيرُوزَج (indefinite informal singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَج (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْفِيرُوزَج (definite informal singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوزَج (definite informal singular triptote)
فِيرُوزَج (construct informal singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَج (construct informal singular triptote)
فِيرُوزَجٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَجٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْفِيرُوزَجُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوزَجُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فِيرُوزَجُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَجُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
فِيرُوزَجًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَجًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْفِيرُوزَجَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوزَجَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
فِيرُوزَجَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَجَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
فِيرُوزَجٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَجٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْفِيرُوزَجِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوزَجِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
فِيرُوزَجِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَجِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Middle Armenian: փերուզաճ (pʻeruzač)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فیروزج (fîrûzec)
Turkish: firuzec

→ Persian: فیروزج (firuzaj)

From Middle Persian *pērōzag. See Persian فیروزه (firuze) for more.


فيروز

ar-noun

فَيْرُوز • (fayrūz) m

فَيْرُوز (canonical)
fayrūz (romanization)
فَيْرُوز (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوز (definite informal singular triptote)
فَيْرُوز (construct informal singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوزُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوزَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْفَيْرُوزِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
فَيْرُوزِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

From Classical Persian پیروزَه (pērōza), from Middle Persian *pērōzag.


سبج

سَبَج (canonical)
sabaj (romanization)
سَبَج (indefinite informal singular triptote)
السَّبَج (definite informal singular triptote)
سَبَج (construct informal singular triptote)
سَبَجٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السَّبَجُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
سَبَجُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
سَبَجًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
السَّبَجَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
سَبَجَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
سَبَجٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السَّبَجِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
سَبَجِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Catalan: atzabeja

→ Galician: acibeche

→ Portuguese: azeviche

→ Spanish: azabache

PIE word
 *kʷséps
From Middle Persian špk' (/šabag/, “jet, obsidian”), from šp (/šab/, “night”), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (x-š-p).

bor

the gemstones jet and obsidian or similar minerals


maṇi

maṇi (nominative singular)
maṇayo (nominative plural)
maṇī (nominative plural)
maṇiṃ (accusative singular)
maṇayo (accusative plural)
maṇī (accusative plural)
maṇinā (instrumental singular)
maṇīhi (instrumental plural)
maṇībhi (instrumental plural)
maṇissa (dative singular)
maṇino (dative singular)
maṇīnaṃ (dative plural)
maṇismā (ablative singular)
maṇimhā (ablative singular)
maṇīhi (ablative plural)
maṇībhi (ablative plural)
maṇissa (genitive singular)
maṇino (genitive singular)
maṇīnaṃ (genitive plural)
maṇismiṃ (locative singular)
maṇimhi (locative singular)
maṇīsu (locative plural)
maṇi (singular vocative)
maṇayo (plural vocative)
maṇī (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit मणि (maṇi). Cognate with Prakrit 𑀫𑀡𑀺 (maṇi).


နီလာ

Jingpho: nila

Shan: ၼီႇလႃႇ (nìi làa)

Borrowed from Pali nīla (“blue”), thus "blue (gem)". Cognate with Mon နဳလာ, Shan ၼီႇလႃႇ (nìi làa), Jingpho nila.


មុត្តា

From Pali muttā, Sanskrit मुक्ता (muktā). Doublet of មុក្តា (muktaa).


selan

ms-noun

selan (Jawi spelling سيلن, plural selan-selan, informal 1st possessive selanku, 2nd possessive selanmu, 3rd possessive selannya)

سيلن (Jawi)
selan-selan (plural)
selanku (first-person informal possessive)
selanmu (possessive second-person)
selannya (possessive third-person)

From Persian سیلان (saylān, “Ceylon”). Doublet of Sailan.


황옥

Sino-Korean word from 黃玉, from 黃 (“yellow”) + 玉 (“jade”).

ko-etym-sino

황옥 반지


บุษย์น้ำทอง

th-noun

บุษย์น้ำทอง • (bùt-náam-tɔɔng)

/but̚˨˩.naːm˦˥.tʰɔːŋ˧/

บุษย์ + น้ำ (náam) + ทอง (tɔɔng).


ကျောက်နီ

my-noun

ကျောက်နီ • (kyaukni)

ကျောက် (kyauk, “stone”) + နီ (ni, “red”)


كركند

ar-noun

كَرْكَنْد • (karkand) m

كَرْكَنْد (canonical)
karkand (romanization)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ከርከንድ (kärkänd), ከረከንድ (käräkänd), ከርከንዴ (kärkände)

From an Aramaic cognate of Classical Syriac ܩܪܟܕܢܐ (qarkeḏnā), from Hittite [Term?], like Hebrew כַּדְכֹּד (kaḏkoḏ, “an uncertain gem”), Sanskrit कर्केतन (karketana, “chrysoberyl”), Old Armenian կարկեհան (karkehan, “a red gem”) (borrowed from Parthian *karkaðan, to which also belong Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (karkēhanēn) (in the Rivāyat accompanying the Dādestān ī Dēnīg), Persian کرکهان (karkahân), کرکهن (karkahan, “amethyst”) that passed into Arabic كَرْكُهَان (karkuhān), كَرْكُهَن (karkuhan, “amethyst”)), Khotanese [script needed] (kirkīyaṃ), Ancient Greek χαλκηδών (khalkēdṓn), χαλχηδόνιος (khalkhēdónios), χαρχηδόνιος (kharkhēdónios).

cog

كركند: الغافقي قيل أنه حجر يشبه الياقوت الأحمر غير أنه ليس في نضارته ولا جنسه وإذا نفخ عليه النار انكسر والمبرد يعمل فيه عملاً خفيفاً.

a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:

Ruby spinel: Al-Ġāfaqīy: It is said to be a stone similar to ruby but it isn’t in its shine nor value. And when fire is blown upon it then it bursts. The file works upon it but feebly.

ruby spinel, a precious stone from the spinel mineral


χρυσόλιθος

grc-noun

χρῡσόλιθος • (khrūsólithos) m (genitive χρῡσολίθου); second declension

χρῡσόλιθος (canonical)
khrūsólithos (romanization)
χρῡσολίθου (genitive)
ὁ χρῡσόλιθος (nominative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (dual nominative)
οἱ χρῡσόλιθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χρῡσολίθου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χρῡσολίθων (genitive plural)
τῷ χρῡσολίθῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χρῡσολίθοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χρῡσολίθοις (dative plural)
τὸν χρῡσόλιθον (accusative singular)
τὼ χρῡσολίθω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χρῡσολίθους (accusative plural)
χρῡσόλιθε (singular vocative)
χρῡσολίθω (dual vocative)
χρῡσόλιθοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chrysolithus

desc

→ Old Armenian: ոսկեքար (oskekʻar) (calque)

→ Old Georgian: ოქროქვაჲ (okrokvay) (calque)

From χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


كهربا

Turkish: kehribar

→ Albanian: qelibar

→ Aromanian: chihlibáre, chehribár

→ Bulgarian: кехлибар (kehlibar)

→ Greek: κεχριμπάρι (kechrimpári)

→ Macedonian: килибар (kilibar)

→ Romanian: chihlimbar

→ Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: ћилѝба̄р, ћирѝба̄р, ћелѝба̄р

Latin script: ćilìbār, ćirìbār, ćelìbār


كهرمان

ar-noun

كَهْرَمَان • (kahramān) m

كَهْرَمَان (canonical)
kahramān (romanization)
كَهْرَمَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكَهْرَمَان (definite informal singular triptote)
كَهْرَمَان (construct informal singular triptote)
كَهْرَمَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَهْرَمَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَهْرَمَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كَهْرَمَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَهْرَمَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَهْرَمَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كَهْرَمَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَهْرَمَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كَهْرَمَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Variant of كَهْرَبَاء (kahrabāʔ), which see.


rubeliitti

rubeliitti (nominative singular)
rubeliitit (nominative plural)
rubeliitti (accusative nominative singular)
rubeliitit (accusative nominative plural)
rubeliitin (accusative genitive singular)
rubeliitit (accusative genitive plural)
rubeliitin (genitive singular)
rubeliittien (genitive plural)
rubeliittia (partitive singular)
rubeliitteja (partitive plural)
rubeliitissa (inessive singular)
rubeliiteissa (inessive plural)
rubeliitista (elative singular)
rubeliiteista (elative plural)
rubeliittiin (illative singular)
rubeliitteihin (illative plural)
rubeliitilla (adessive singular)
rubeliiteilla (adessive plural)
rubeliitilta (ablative singular)
rubeliiteilta (ablative plural)
rubeliitille (allative singular)
rubeliiteille (allative plural)
rubeliittina (essive singular)
rubeliitteina (essive plural)
rubeliitiksi (singular translative)
rubeliiteiksi (plural translative)
rubeliititta (abessive singular)
rubeliiteitta (abessive plural)
rubeliitein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
rubeliittini (nominative singular)
rubeliittini (nominative plural)
rubeliittini (accusative nominative singular)
rubeliittini (accusative nominative plural)
rubeliittini (accusative genitive singular)
rubeliittini (accusative genitive plural)
rubeliittini (genitive singular)
rubeliittieni (genitive plural)
rubeliittiani (partitive singular)
rubeliittejani (partitive plural)
rubeliitissani (inessive singular)
rubeliiteissani (inessive plural)
rubeliitistani (elative singular)
rubeliiteistani (elative plural)
rubeliittiini (illative singular)
rubeliitteihini (illative plural)
rubeliitillani (adessive singular)
rubeliiteillani (adessive plural)
rubeliitiltani (ablative singular)
rubeliiteiltani (ablative plural)
rubeliitilleni (allative singular)
rubeliiteilleni (allative plural)
rubeliittinani (essive singular)
rubeliitteinani (essive plural)
rubeliitikseni (singular translative)
rubeliiteikseni (plural translative)
rubeliitittani (abessive singular)
rubeliiteittani (abessive plural)
rubeliitteineni (comitative plural)
rubeliittisi (nominative singular)
rubeliittisi (nominative plural)
rubeliittisi (accusative nominative singular)
rubeliittisi (accusative nominative plural)
rubeliittisi (accusative genitive singular)
rubeliittisi (accusative genitive plural)
rubeliittisi (genitive singular)
rubeliittiesi (genitive plural)
rubeliittiasi (partitive singular)
rubeliittejasi (partitive plural)
rubeliitissasi (inessive singular)
rubeliiteissasi (inessive plural)
rubeliitistasi (elative singular)
rubeliiteistasi (elative plural)
rubeliittiisi (illative singular)
rubeliitteihisi (illative plural)
rubeliitillasi (adessive singular)
rubeliiteillasi (adessive plural)
rubeliitiltasi (ablative singular)
rubeliiteiltasi (ablative plural)
rubeliitillesi (allative singular)
rubeliiteillesi (allative plural)
rubeliittinasi (essive singular)
rubeliitteinasi (essive plural)
rubeliitiksesi (singular translative)
rubeliiteiksesi (plural translative)
rubeliitittasi (abessive singular)
rubeliiteittasi (abessive plural)
rubeliitteinesi (comitative plural)
rubeliittimme (nominative singular)
rubeliittimme (nominative plural)
rubeliittimme (accusative nominative singular)
rubeliittimme (accusative nominative plural)
rubeliittimme (accusative genitive singular)
rubeliittimme (accusative genitive plural)
rubeliittimme (genitive singular)
rubeliittiemme (genitive plural)
rubeliittiamme (partitive singular)
rubeliittejamme (partitive plural)
rubeliitissamme (inessive singular)
rubeliiteissamme (inessive plural)
rubeliitistamme (elative singular)
rubeliiteistamme (elative plural)
rubeliittiimme (illative singular)
rubeliitteihimme (illative plural)
rubeliitillamme (adessive singular)
rubeliiteillamme (adessive plural)
rubeliitiltamme (ablative singular)
rubeliiteiltamme (ablative plural)
rubeliitillemme (allative singular)
rubeliiteillemme (allative plural)
rubeliittinamme (essive singular)
rubeliitteinamme (essive plural)
rubeliitiksemme (singular translative)
rubeliiteiksemme (plural translative)
rubeliitittamme (abessive singular)
rubeliiteittamme (abessive plural)
rubeliitteinemme (comitative plural)
rubeliittinne (nominative singular)
rubeliittinne (nominative plural)
rubeliittinne (accusative nominative singular)
rubeliittinne (accusative nominative plural)
rubeliittinne (accusative genitive singular)
rubeliittinne (accusative genitive plural)
rubeliittinne (genitive singular)
rubeliittienne (genitive plural)
rubeliittianne (partitive singular)
rubeliittejanne (partitive plural)
rubeliitissanne (inessive singular)
rubeliiteissanne (inessive plural)
rubeliitistanne (elative singular)
rubeliiteistanne (elative plural)
rubeliittiinne (illative singular)
rubeliitteihinne (illative plural)
rubeliitillanne (adessive singular)
rubeliiteillanne (adessive plural)
rubeliitiltanne (ablative singular)
rubeliiteiltanne (ablative plural)
rubeliitillenne (allative singular)
rubeliiteillenne (allative plural)
rubeliittinanne (essive singular)
rubeliitteinanne (essive plural)
rubeliitiksenne (singular translative)
rubeliiteiksenne (plural translative)
rubeliitittanne (abessive singular)
rubeliiteittanne (abessive plural)
rubeliitteinenne (comitative plural)
rubeliittinsa (nominative singular)
rubeliittinsa (nominative plural)
rubeliittinsa (accusative nominative singular)
rubeliittinsa (accusative nominative plural)
rubeliittinsa (accusative genitive singular)
rubeliittinsa (accusative genitive plural)
rubeliittinsa (genitive singular)
rubeliittiensa (genitive plural)
rubeliittiaan (partitive singular)
rubeliittiansa (partitive singular)
rubeliittejaan (partitive plural)
rubeliittejansa (partitive plural)
rubeliitissaan (inessive singular)
rubeliitissansa (inessive singular)
rubeliiteissaan (inessive plural)
rubeliiteissansa (inessive plural)
rubeliitistaan (elative singular)
rubeliitistansa (elative singular)
rubeliiteistaan (elative plural)
rubeliiteistansa (elative plural)
rubeliittiinsa (illative singular)
rubeliitteihinsa (illative plural)
rubeliitillaan (adessive singular)
rubeliitillansa (adessive singular)
rubeliiteillaan (adessive plural)
rubeliiteillansa (adessive plural)
rubeliitiltaan (ablative singular)
rubeliitiltansa (ablative singular)
rubeliiteiltaan (ablative plural)
rubeliiteiltansa (ablative plural)
rubeliitilleen (allative singular)
rubeliitillensa (allative singular)
rubeliiteilleen (allative plural)
rubeliiteillensa (allative plural)
rubeliittinaan (essive singular)
rubeliittinansa (essive singular)
rubeliitteinaan (essive plural)
rubeliitteinansa (essive plural)
rubeliitikseen (singular translative)
rubeliitiksensa (singular translative)
rubeliiteikseen (plural translative)
rubeliiteiksensa (plural translative)
rubeliitittaan (abessive singular)
rubeliitittansa (abessive singular)
rubeliiteittaan (abessive plural)
rubeliiteittansa (abessive plural)
rubeliitteineen (comitative plural)
rubeliitteinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English rubellite). Contains the suffix -iitti.


leukosafiiri

leukosafiiri (nominative singular)
leukosafiirit (nominative plural)
leukosafiiri (accusative nominative singular)
leukosafiirit (accusative nominative plural)
leukosafiirin (accusative genitive singular)
leukosafiirit (accusative genitive plural)
leukosafiirin (genitive singular)
leukosafiirien (genitive plural)
leukosafiireiden (genitive plural)
leukosafiireitten (genitive plural)
leukosafiiria (partitive singular)
leukosafiireita (partitive plural)
leukosafiireja (partitive plural)
leukosafiirissa (inessive singular)
leukosafiireissa (inessive plural)
leukosafiirista (elative singular)
leukosafiireista (elative plural)
leukosafiiriin (illative singular)
leukosafiireihin (illative plural)
leukosafiirilla (adessive singular)
leukosafiireilla (adessive plural)
leukosafiirilta (ablative singular)
leukosafiireilta (ablative plural)
leukosafiirille (allative singular)
leukosafiireille (allative plural)
leukosafiirina (essive singular)
leukosafiireina (essive plural)
leukosafiiriksi (singular translative)
leukosafiireiksi (plural translative)
leukosafiiritta (abessive singular)
leukosafiireitta (abessive plural)
leukosafiirein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
leukosafiirini (nominative singular)
leukosafiirini (nominative plural)
leukosafiirini (accusative nominative singular)
leukosafiirini (accusative nominative plural)
leukosafiirini (accusative genitive singular)
leukosafiirini (accusative genitive plural)
leukosafiirini (genitive singular)
leukosafiirieni (genitive plural)
leukosafiireideni (genitive plural)
leukosafiireitteni (genitive plural)
leukosafiiriani (partitive singular)
leukosafiireitani (partitive plural)
leukosafiirejani (partitive plural)
leukosafiirissani (inessive singular)
leukosafiireissani (inessive plural)
leukosafiiristani (elative singular)
leukosafiireistani (elative plural)
leukosafiiriini (illative singular)
leukosafiireihini (illative plural)
leukosafiirillani (adessive singular)
leukosafiireillani (adessive plural)
leukosafiiriltani (ablative singular)
leukosafiireiltani (ablative plural)
leukosafiirilleni (allative singular)
leukosafiireilleni (allative plural)
leukosafiirinani (essive singular)
leukosafiireinani (essive plural)
leukosafiirikseni (singular translative)
leukosafiireikseni (plural translative)
leukosafiirittani (abessive singular)
leukosafiireittani (abessive plural)
leukosafiireineni (comitative plural)
leukosafiirisi (nominative singular)
leukosafiirisi (nominative plural)
leukosafiirisi (accusative nominative singular)
leukosafiirisi (accusative nominative plural)
leukosafiirisi (accusative genitive singular)
leukosafiirisi (accusative genitive plural)
leukosafiirisi (genitive singular)
leukosafiiriesi (genitive plural)
leukosafiireidesi (genitive plural)
leukosafiireittesi (genitive plural)
leukosafiiriasi (partitive singular)
leukosafiireitasi (partitive plural)
leukosafiirejasi (partitive plural)
leukosafiirissasi (inessive singular)
leukosafiireissasi (inessive plural)
leukosafiiristasi (elative singular)
leukosafiireistasi (elative plural)
leukosafiiriisi (illative singular)
leukosafiireihisi (illative plural)
leukosafiirillasi (adessive singular)
leukosafiireillasi (adessive plural)
leukosafiiriltasi (ablative singular)
leukosafiireiltasi (ablative plural)
leukosafiirillesi (allative singular)
leukosafiireillesi (allative plural)
leukosafiirinasi (essive singular)
leukosafiireinasi (essive plural)
leukosafiiriksesi (singular translative)
leukosafiireiksesi (plural translative)
leukosafiirittasi (abessive singular)
leukosafiireittasi (abessive plural)
leukosafiireinesi (comitative plural)
leukosafiirimme (nominative singular)
leukosafiirimme (nominative plural)
leukosafiirimme (accusative nominative singular)
leukosafiirimme (accusative nominative plural)
leukosafiirimme (accusative genitive singular)
leukosafiirimme (accusative genitive plural)
leukosafiirimme (genitive singular)
leukosafiiriemme (genitive plural)
leukosafiireidemme (genitive plural)
leukosafiireittemme (genitive plural)
leukosafiiriamme (partitive singular)
leukosafiireitamme (partitive plural)
leukosafiirejamme (partitive plural)
leukosafiirissamme (inessive singular)
leukosafiireissamme (inessive plural)
leukosafiiristamme (elative singular)
leukosafiireistamme (elative plural)
leukosafiiriimme (illative singular)
leukosafiireihimme (illative plural)
leukosafiirillamme (adessive singular)
leukosafiireillamme (adessive plural)
leukosafiiriltamme (ablative singular)
leukosafiireiltamme (ablative plural)
leukosafiirillemme (allative singular)
leukosafiireillemme (allative plural)
leukosafiirinamme (essive singular)
leukosafiireinamme (essive plural)
leukosafiiriksemme (singular translative)
leukosafiireiksemme (plural translative)
leukosafiirittamme (abessive singular)
leukosafiireittamme (abessive plural)
leukosafiireinemme (comitative plural)
leukosafiirinne (nominative singular)
leukosafiirinne (nominative plural)
leukosafiirinne (accusative nominative singular)
leukosafiirinne (accusative nominative plural)
leukosafiirinne (accusative genitive singular)
leukosafiirinne (accusative genitive plural)
leukosafiirinne (genitive singular)
leukosafiirienne (genitive plural)
leukosafiireidenne (genitive plural)
leukosafiireittenne (genitive plural)
leukosafiirianne (partitive singular)
leukosafiireitanne (partitive plural)
leukosafiirejanne (partitive plural)
leukosafiirissanne (inessive singular)
leukosafiireissanne (inessive plural)
leukosafiiristanne (elative singular)
leukosafiireistanne (elative plural)
leukosafiiriinne (illative singular)
leukosafiireihinne (illative plural)
leukosafiirillanne (adessive singular)
leukosafiireillanne (adessive plural)
leukosafiiriltanne (ablative singular)
leukosafiireiltanne (ablative plural)
leukosafiirillenne (allative singular)
leukosafiireillenne (allative plural)
leukosafiirinanne (essive singular)
leukosafiireinanne (essive plural)
leukosafiiriksenne (singular translative)
leukosafiireiksenne (plural translative)
leukosafiirittanne (abessive singular)
leukosafiireittanne (abessive plural)
leukosafiireinenne (comitative plural)
leukosafiirinsa (nominative singular)
leukosafiirinsa (nominative plural)
leukosafiirinsa (accusative nominative singular)
leukosafiirinsa (accusative nominative plural)
leukosafiirinsa (accusative genitive singular)
leukosafiirinsa (accusative genitive plural)
leukosafiirinsa (genitive singular)
leukosafiiriensa (genitive plural)
leukosafiireidensa (genitive plural)
leukosafiireittensa (genitive plural)
leukosafiiriaan (partitive singular)
leukosafiiriansa (partitive singular)
leukosafiireitaan (partitive plural)
leukosafiirejaan (partitive plural)
leukosafiireitansa (partitive plural)
leukosafiirejansa (partitive plural)
leukosafiirissaan (inessive singular)
leukosafiirissansa (inessive singular)
leukosafiireissaan (inessive plural)
leukosafiireissansa (inessive plural)
leukosafiiristaan (elative singular)
leukosafiiristansa (elative singular)
leukosafiireistaan (elative plural)
leukosafiireistansa (elative plural)
leukosafiiriinsa (illative singular)
leukosafiireihinsa (illative plural)
leukosafiirillaan (adessive singular)
leukosafiirillansa (adessive singular)
leukosafiireillaan (adessive plural)
leukosafiireillansa (adessive plural)
leukosafiiriltaan (ablative singular)
leukosafiiriltansa (ablative singular)
leukosafiireiltaan (ablative plural)
leukosafiireiltansa (ablative plural)
leukosafiirilleen (allative singular)
leukosafiirillensa (allative singular)
leukosafiireilleen (allative plural)
leukosafiireillensa (allative plural)
leukosafiirinaan (essive singular)
leukosafiirinansa (essive singular)
leukosafiireinaan (essive plural)
leukosafiireinansa (essive plural)
leukosafiirikseen (singular translative)
leukosafiiriksensa (singular translative)
leukosafiireikseen (plural translative)
leukosafiireiksensa (plural translative)
leukosafiirittaan (abessive singular)
leukosafiirittansa (abessive singular)
leukosafiireittaan (abessive plural)
leukosafiireittansa (abessive plural)
leukosafiireineen (comitative plural)
leukosafiireinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English leuco sapphire).


grossulaari

grossulaari (nominative singular)
grossulaarit (nominative plural)
grossulaari (accusative nominative singular)
grossulaarit (accusative nominative plural)
grossulaarin (accusative genitive singular)
grossulaarit (accusative genitive plural)
grossulaarin (genitive singular)
grossulaarien (genitive plural)
grossulaaria (partitive singular)
grossulaareja (partitive plural)
grossulaarissa (inessive singular)
grossulaareissa (inessive plural)
grossulaarista (elative singular)
grossulaareista (elative plural)
grossulaariin (illative singular)
grossulaareihin (illative plural)
grossulaarilla (adessive singular)
grossulaareilla (adessive plural)
grossulaarilta (ablative singular)
grossulaareilta (ablative plural)
grossulaarille (allative singular)
grossulaareille (allative plural)
grossulaarina (essive singular)
grossulaareina (essive plural)
grossulaariksi (singular translative)
grossulaareiksi (plural translative)
grossulaaritta (abessive singular)
grossulaareitta (abessive plural)
grossulaarein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
grossulaarini (nominative singular)
grossulaarini (nominative plural)
grossulaarini (accusative nominative singular)
grossulaarini (accusative nominative plural)
grossulaarini (accusative genitive singular)
grossulaarini (accusative genitive plural)
grossulaarini (genitive singular)
grossulaarieni (genitive plural)
grossulaariani (partitive singular)
grossulaarejani (partitive plural)
grossulaarissani (inessive singular)
grossulaareissani (inessive plural)
grossulaaristani (elative singular)
grossulaareistani (elative plural)
grossulaariini (illative singular)
grossulaareihini (illative plural)
grossulaarillani (adessive singular)
grossulaareillani (adessive plural)
grossulaariltani (ablative singular)
grossulaareiltani (ablative plural)
grossulaarilleni (allative singular)
grossulaareilleni (allative plural)
grossulaarinani (essive singular)
grossulaareinani (essive plural)
grossulaarikseni (singular translative)
grossulaareikseni (plural translative)
grossulaarittani (abessive singular)
grossulaareittani (abessive plural)
grossulaareineni (comitative plural)
grossulaarisi (nominative singular)
grossulaarisi (nominative plural)
grossulaarisi (accusative nominative singular)
grossulaarisi (accusative nominative plural)
grossulaarisi (accusative genitive singular)
grossulaarisi (accusative genitive plural)
grossulaarisi (genitive singular)
grossulaariesi (genitive plural)
grossulaariasi (partitive singular)
grossulaarejasi (partitive plural)
grossulaarissasi (inessive singular)
grossulaareissasi (inessive plural)
grossulaaristasi (elative singular)
grossulaareistasi (elative plural)
grossulaariisi (illative singular)
grossulaareihisi (illative plural)
grossulaarillasi (adessive singular)
grossulaareillasi (adessive plural)
grossulaariltasi (ablative singular)
grossulaareiltasi (ablative plural)
grossulaarillesi (allative singular)
grossulaareillesi (allative plural)
grossulaarinasi (essive singular)
grossulaareinasi (essive plural)
grossulaariksesi (singular translative)
grossulaareiksesi (plural translative)
grossulaarittasi (abessive singular)
grossulaareittasi (abessive plural)
grossulaareinesi (comitative plural)
grossulaarimme (nominative singular)
grossulaarimme (nominative plural)
grossulaarimme (accusative nominative singular)
grossulaarimme (accusative nominative plural)
grossulaarimme (accusative genitive singular)
grossulaarimme (accusative genitive plural)
grossulaarimme (genitive singular)
grossulaariemme (genitive plural)
grossulaariamme (partitive singular)
grossulaarejamme (partitive plural)
grossulaarissamme (inessive singular)
grossulaareissamme (inessive plural)
grossulaaristamme (elative singular)
grossulaareistamme (elative plural)
grossulaariimme (illative singular)
grossulaareihimme (illative plural)
grossulaarillamme (adessive singular)
grossulaareillamme (adessive plural)
grossulaariltamme (ablative singular)
grossulaareiltamme (ablative plural)
grossulaarillemme (allative singular)
grossulaareillemme (allative plural)
grossulaarinamme (essive singular)
grossulaareinamme (essive plural)
grossulaariksemme (singular translative)
grossulaareiksemme (plural translative)
grossulaarittamme (abessive singular)
grossulaareittamme (abessive plural)
grossulaareinemme (comitative plural)
grossulaarinne (nominative singular)
grossulaarinne (nominative plural)
grossulaarinne (accusative nominative singular)
grossulaarinne (accusative nominative plural)
grossulaarinne (accusative genitive singular)
grossulaarinne (accusative genitive plural)
grossulaarinne (genitive singular)
grossulaarienne (genitive plural)
grossulaarianne (partitive singular)
grossulaarejanne (partitive plural)
grossulaarissanne (inessive singular)
grossulaareissanne (inessive plural)
grossulaaristanne (elative singular)
grossulaareistanne (elative plural)
grossulaariinne (illative singular)
grossulaareihinne (illative plural)
grossulaarillanne (adessive singular)
grossulaareillanne (adessive plural)
grossulaariltanne (ablative singular)
grossulaareiltanne (ablative plural)
grossulaarillenne (allative singular)
grossulaareillenne (allative plural)
grossulaarinanne (essive singular)
grossulaareinanne (essive plural)
grossulaariksenne (singular translative)
grossulaareiksenne (plural translative)
grossulaarittanne (abessive singular)
grossulaareittanne (abessive plural)
grossulaareinenne (comitative plural)
grossulaarinsa (nominative singular)
grossulaarinsa (nominative plural)
grossulaarinsa (accusative nominative singular)
grossulaarinsa (accusative nominative plural)
grossulaarinsa (accusative genitive singular)
grossulaarinsa (accusative genitive plural)
grossulaarinsa (genitive singular)
grossulaariensa (genitive plural)
grossulaariaan (partitive singular)
grossulaariansa (partitive singular)
grossulaarejaan (partitive plural)
grossulaarejansa (partitive plural)
grossulaarissaan (inessive singular)
grossulaarissansa (inessive singular)
grossulaareissaan (inessive plural)
grossulaareissansa (inessive plural)
grossulaaristaan (elative singular)
grossulaaristansa (elative singular)
grossulaareistaan (elative plural)
grossulaareistansa (elative plural)
grossulaariinsa (illative singular)
grossulaareihinsa (illative plural)
grossulaarillaan (adessive singular)
grossulaarillansa (adessive singular)
grossulaareillaan (adessive plural)
grossulaareillansa (adessive plural)
grossulaariltaan (ablative singular)
grossulaariltansa (ablative singular)
grossulaareiltaan (ablative plural)
grossulaareiltansa (ablative plural)
grossulaarilleen (allative singular)
grossulaarillensa (allative singular)
grossulaareilleen (allative plural)
grossulaareillensa (allative plural)
grossulaarinaan (essive singular)
grossulaarinansa (essive singular)
grossulaareinaan (essive plural)
grossulaareinansa (essive plural)
grossulaarikseen (singular translative)
grossulaariksensa (singular translative)
grossulaareikseen (plural translative)
grossulaareiksensa (plural translative)
grossulaarittaan (abessive singular)
grossulaarittansa (abessive singular)
grossulaareittaan (abessive plural)
grossulaareittansa (abessive plural)
grossulaareineen (comitative plural)
grossulaareinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈɡro̞s̠ːuˌlɑ̝ːri]

Internationalism (see French groseille).


indigoliitti

indigoliitti (nominative singular)
indigoliitit (nominative plural)
indigoliitti (accusative nominative singular)
indigoliitit (accusative nominative plural)
indigoliitin (accusative genitive singular)
indigoliitit (accusative genitive plural)
indigoliitin (genitive singular)
indigoliittien (genitive plural)
indigoliittia (partitive singular)
indigoliitteja (partitive plural)
indigoliitissa (inessive singular)
indigoliiteissa (inessive plural)
indigoliitista (elative singular)
indigoliiteista (elative plural)
indigoliittiin (illative singular)
indigoliitteihin (illative plural)
indigoliitilla (adessive singular)
indigoliiteilla (adessive plural)
indigoliitilta (ablative singular)
indigoliiteilta (ablative plural)
indigoliitille (allative singular)
indigoliiteille (allative plural)
indigoliittina (essive singular)
indigoliitteina (essive plural)
indigoliitiksi (singular translative)
indigoliiteiksi (plural translative)
indigoliititta (abessive singular)
indigoliiteitta (abessive plural)
indigoliitein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
indigoliittini (nominative singular)
indigoliittini (nominative plural)
indigoliittini (accusative nominative singular)
indigoliittini (accusative nominative plural)
indigoliittini (accusative genitive singular)
indigoliittini (accusative genitive plural)
indigoliittini (genitive singular)
indigoliittieni (genitive plural)
indigoliittiani (partitive singular)
indigoliittejani (partitive plural)
indigoliitissani (inessive singular)
indigoliiteissani (inessive plural)
indigoliitistani (elative singular)
indigoliiteistani (elative plural)
indigoliittiini (illative singular)
indigoliitteihini (illative plural)
indigoliitillani (adessive singular)
indigoliiteillani (adessive plural)
indigoliitiltani (ablative singular)
indigoliiteiltani (ablative plural)
indigoliitilleni (allative singular)
indigoliiteilleni (allative plural)
indigoliittinani (essive singular)
indigoliitteinani (essive plural)
indigoliitikseni (singular translative)
indigoliiteikseni (plural translative)
indigoliitittani (abessive singular)
indigoliiteittani (abessive plural)
indigoliitteineni (comitative plural)
indigoliittisi (nominative singular)
indigoliittisi (nominative plural)
indigoliittisi (accusative nominative singular)
indigoliittisi (accusative nominative plural)
indigoliittisi (accusative genitive singular)
indigoliittisi (accusative genitive plural)
indigoliittisi (genitive singular)
indigoliittiesi (genitive plural)
indigoliittiasi (partitive singular)
indigoliittejasi (partitive plural)
indigoliitissasi (inessive singular)
indigoliiteissasi (inessive plural)
indigoliitistasi (elative singular)
indigoliiteistasi (elative plural)
indigoliittiisi (illative singular)
indigoliitteihisi (illative plural)
indigoliitillasi (adessive singular)
indigoliiteillasi (adessive plural)
indigoliitiltasi (ablative singular)
indigoliiteiltasi (ablative plural)
indigoliitillesi (allative singular)
indigoliiteillesi (allative plural)
indigoliittinasi (essive singular)
indigoliitteinasi (essive plural)
indigoliitiksesi (singular translative)
indigoliiteiksesi (plural translative)
indigoliitittasi (abessive singular)
indigoliiteittasi (abessive plural)
indigoliitteinesi (comitative plural)
indigoliittimme (nominative singular)
indigoliittimme (nominative plural)
indigoliittimme (accusative nominative singular)
indigoliittimme (accusative nominative plural)
indigoliittimme (accusative genitive singular)
indigoliittimme (accusative genitive plural)
indigoliittimme (genitive singular)
indigoliittiemme (genitive plural)
indigoliittiamme (partitive singular)
indigoliittejamme (partitive plural)
indigoliitissamme (inessive singular)
indigoliiteissamme (inessive plural)
indigoliitistamme (elative singular)
indigoliiteistamme (elative plural)
indigoliittiimme (illative singular)
indigoliitteihimme (illative plural)
indigoliitillamme (adessive singular)
indigoliiteillamme (adessive plural)
indigoliitiltamme (ablative singular)
indigoliiteiltamme (ablative plural)
indigoliitillemme (allative singular)
indigoliiteillemme (allative plural)
indigoliittinamme (essive singular)
indigoliitteinamme (essive plural)
indigoliitiksemme (singular translative)
indigoliiteiksemme (plural translative)
indigoliitittamme (abessive singular)
indigoliiteittamme (abessive plural)
indigoliitteinemme (comitative plural)
indigoliittinne (nominative singular)
indigoliittinne (nominative plural)
indigoliittinne (accusative nominative singular)
indigoliittinne (accusative nominative plural)
indigoliittinne (accusative genitive singular)
indigoliittinne (accusative genitive plural)
indigoliittinne (genitive singular)
indigoliittienne (genitive plural)
indigoliittianne (partitive singular)
indigoliittejanne (partitive plural)
indigoliitissanne (inessive singular)
indigoliiteissanne (inessive plural)
indigoliitistanne (elative singular)
indigoliiteistanne (elative plural)
indigoliittiinne (illative singular)
indigoliitteihinne (illative plural)
indigoliitillanne (adessive singular)
indigoliiteillanne (adessive plural)
indigoliitiltanne (ablative singular)
indigoliiteiltanne (ablative plural)
indigoliitillenne (allative singular)
indigoliiteillenne (allative plural)
indigoliittinanne (essive singular)
indigoliitteinanne (essive plural)
indigoliitiksenne (singular translative)
indigoliiteiksenne (plural translative)
indigoliitittanne (abessive singular)
indigoliiteittanne (abessive plural)
indigoliitteinenne (comitative plural)
indigoliittinsa (nominative singular)
indigoliittinsa (nominative plural)
indigoliittinsa (accusative nominative singular)
indigoliittinsa (accusative nominative plural)
indigoliittinsa (accusative genitive singular)
indigoliittinsa (accusative genitive plural)
indigoliittinsa (genitive singular)
indigoliittiensa (genitive plural)
indigoliittiaan (partitive singular)
indigoliittiansa (partitive singular)
indigoliittejaan (partitive plural)
indigoliittejansa (partitive plural)
indigoliitissaan (inessive singular)
indigoliitissansa (inessive singular)
indigoliiteissaan (inessive plural)
indigoliiteissansa (inessive plural)
indigoliitistaan (elative singular)
indigoliitistansa (elative singular)
indigoliiteistaan (elative plural)
indigoliiteistansa (elative plural)
indigoliittiinsa (illative singular)
indigoliitteihinsa (illative plural)
indigoliitillaan (adessive singular)
indigoliitillansa (adessive singular)
indigoliiteillaan (adessive plural)
indigoliiteillansa (adessive plural)
indigoliitiltaan (ablative singular)
indigoliitiltansa (ablative singular)
indigoliiteiltaan (ablative plural)
indigoliiteiltansa (ablative plural)
indigoliitilleen (allative singular)
indigoliitillensa (allative singular)
indigoliiteilleen (allative plural)
indigoliiteillensa (allative plural)
indigoliittinaan (essive singular)
indigoliittinansa (essive singular)
indigoliitteinaan (essive plural)
indigoliitteinansa (essive plural)
indigoliitikseen (singular translative)
indigoliitiksensa (singular translative)
indigoliiteikseen (plural translative)
indigoliiteiksensa (plural translative)
indigoliitittaan (abessive singular)
indigoliitittansa (abessive singular)
indigoliiteittaan (abessive plural)
indigoliiteittansa (abessive plural)
indigoliitteineen (comitative plural)
indigoliitteinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English indigolite). Contains the suffix -iitti.


פנינה

he-noun

פְּנִינָה • (pniná) f (plural indefinite פְּנִינִים)

פְּנִינָה (canonical)
pniná (romanization)
פְּנִינִים (indefinite plural)


زرقون

ar-noun

زَرْقُون • (zarqūn) m

زَرْقُون (canonical)
zarqūn (romanization)
زَرْقُون (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الزَّرْقُون (definite informal singular triptote)
زَرْقُون (construct informal singular triptote)
زَرْقُونٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الزَّرْقُونُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
زَرْقُونُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
زَرْقُونًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّرْقُونَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
زَرْقُونَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
زَرْقُونٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الزَّرْقُونِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
زَرْقُونِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Aragonese: azercol

→ Catalan: atzarcó, atzercó

→ German: Zirkon (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: συρικόν (surikón)
→ Arabic: إِسْرِنْج (ʔisrinj), سِرِنْج (sirinj), أُسْرُنْج (ʔusrunj)
→ Persian: اسرنج

→ Italian: giargone
→ French: jargon
→ Catalan: jargó
→ English: jargoon
→ German: Jargon
→ Greek: γιαρκόν (giarkón)
→ Russian: жарго́н (žargón)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: жаргон
Latin script: žargon, jargon
→ Spanish: jergón

→ Spanish: azarcón

→ Portuguese: zarcāo, azarcāo

From Middle Persian 𐭦𐭫𐭢𐭥𐭭 (zlgʿn /zargōn/) (Persian زرگون (zargun, literally “gold-colored”)), from Proto-Iranian *jr̥Hanyam (“gold”). Doublet of إِسْرِنْج (ʔisrinj).


سفين

ar-noun

سَفِين • (safīn) m (plural أَسَافِين (ʔasāfīn))

سَفِين (canonical)
safīn (romanization)
أَسَافِين (plural)
سَفِين (indefinite informal singular triptote)
السَّفِين (definite informal singular triptote)
سَفِين (construct informal singular triptote)
سَفِينٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السَّفِينُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
سَفِينُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
سَفِينًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
السَّفِينَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
سَفِينَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
سَفِينٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السَّفِينِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
سَفِينِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
سَفِينَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
السَّفِينَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
سَفِينَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
سَفِينَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السَّفِينَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
سَفِينَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
سَفِينَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
السَّفِينَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
سَفِينَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
سَفِينَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السَّفِينَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
سَفِينَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَسَافِين (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
الْأَسَافِين (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
أَسَافِين (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
أَسَافِينُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
الْأَسَافِينُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
أَسَافِينُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
أَسَافِينَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
الْأَسَافِينَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
أَسَافِينَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
أَسَافِينَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
الْأَسَافِينِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
أَسَافِينِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

sphene, the mineral titanite also used as a gemstone


almast

ئالماست (Arabic)
almast (definite feminine masculine nominative)
almast (definite feminine masculine nominative plural)
almasta (construct definite feminine masculine)
almastê (construct definite feminine masculine)
almastên (construct definite feminine masculine plural)
almastê (definite feminine masculine oblique)
almastî (definite feminine masculine oblique)
almastan (definite feminine masculine oblique plural)
wê almastê (definite demonstrative feminine masculine oblique)
wî almastî (definite demonstrative feminine masculine oblique)
wan almastan (definite demonstrative feminine masculine oblique plural)
almastê (definite feminine masculine vocative)
almasto (definite feminine masculine vocative)
almastino (definite feminine masculine plural vocative)
almastek (feminine masculine nominative)
almastin (feminine indefinite masculine nominative plural)
almasteke (construct feminine masculine)
almastekî (construct feminine masculine)
almastine (construct feminine indefinite masculine plural)
almastekê (feminine masculine oblique)
almastekî (feminine masculine oblique)
almastinan (feminine indefinite masculine oblique plural)


onikso

eo-head

onikso (accusative singular onikson, plural oniksoj, accusative plural oniksojn)

onikson (accusative singular)
oniksoj (plural)
oniksojn (accusative plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux).


δροσόλιθος

grc-noun

δροσόλῐθος • (drosólithos) m (genitive δροσολῐ́θου); second declension

δροσόλῐθος (canonical)
drosólithos (romanization)
δροσολῐ́θου (genitive)
ὁ δροσόλῐθος (nominative singular)
τὼ δροσολῐ́θω (dual nominative)
οἱ δροσόλῐθοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δροσολῐ́θου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δροσολῐ́θοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δροσολῐ́θων (genitive plural)
τῷ δροσολῐ́θῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δροσολῐ́θοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δροσολῐ́θοις (dative plural)
τὸν δροσόλῐθον (accusative singular)
τὼ δροσολῐ́θω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δροσολῐ́θους (accusative plural)
δροσόλῐθε (singular vocative)
δροσολῐ́θω (dual vocative)
δροσόλῐθοι (plural vocative)

Latin: drosolithus

From δρόσος (drósos, “dew”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">मोत्तिअ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಮೊತ್ತಿಅ</i>

𑀫𑁴𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (mŏttia) n (Devanagari मोत्तिअ, Kannada ಮೊತ್ತಿಅ)

𑀫𑁴𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (canonical neuter)
mŏttia (romanization)
मोत्तिअ (Devanagari)
ಮೊತ್ತಿಅ (Kannada)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆 (singular vocative)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 (plural vocative)

Ahirani: मोती (motī)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa: मोत्तिउ (mottiu)

Braj: मोती (motī)

Hindustani: motī

Hindi: मोती

Urdu: موتِی (motī)

→? Tibetan: མུ་ཏིག (mu tig)

Assamese: মোতি (müti)

Middle Bengali: মুতি (muti)

Bengali: মোতি (mōti) (< Hindustani موتِی (motī) / मोती (motī))

Dogri: motī

Devanagari script: मोती

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠵𑠙𑠮

Old Gujarati: मोती (motī)

Gojri: موتی (motī)

Gujarati: મોતી (motī)

Malvi: मोती (motī)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: मोती (motī)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅔𑅣𑅑 (moti)

Kachchi: મોતી (motī)

Konkani: motī̃

Devanagari script: मोतीं

Kannada script: ಮೊತಿಂ

Latin script: motim

Maithili: mōti

Devanagari script: मोति

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒼𑒞𑒱

Old Marathi: motī

Devanagari script: मोती

Modi script: 𑘦𑘻𑘝𑘲

Nepali: मोती (motī)

Odia: ମୋତି (moti)

Old Punjabi: ਮੋਤੀ (motī)

Punjabi: motī

Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਤੀ

Shahmukhi script: موتی

Sindhi: motī

Arabic script: موتِي

Devanagari script: मोती

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋧𑋍𑋢

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑁅𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀓 (mauktika).

inh+

𑀡 𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀡 𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀇 𑀚𑀡𑁄 𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀇 𑀚𑁄 𑀚𑁂𑀡 𑀪𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀑 𑀢𑁂𑀡
𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀽𑀡 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀁𑀤𑀸 𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀆𑀇 𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀉 𑀕𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀁𑀢𑀺
ṇa guṇeṇa hīraï jaṇo hīraï jo jeṇa bhāvio teṇa
mŏttūṇa puliṃdā mŏttiāi guṃjāu gĕṇhaṃti
2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
People are not captivated by true qualities but by what takes their fancy.

c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 310

The Pulindas brush pearls aside but seize upon the guñja seeds the jeweler uses as weights.


βατραχίτης

grc-noun

βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της • (batrakhī́tēs) m (genitive βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του); first declension

βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της (canonical)
batrakhī́tēs (romanization)
βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰτρᾰχῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰτρᾰχῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰτρᾰχῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰτρᾰχῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰτρᾰχῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
βᾰτρᾰχῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
βᾰτρᾰχῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: batrachītēs

From βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


ἡλιοτρόπιον

grc-noun

ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου

ἡλῐοτρόπῐον • (hēliotrópion) n (genitive ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου); second declension

ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (canonical)
hēliotrópion (romanization)
ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἡλῐοτροπῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (accusative plural)
ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (singular vocative)
ἡλῐοτροπῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ἡλῐοτρόπῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ηλιοτρόπιο (iliotrópio)

→ Latin: hēliotropium

→ Translingual: Heliotropium

From ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) + τρέπω (trépō, “to turn”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).


oniche

English: onyx

Scots: onix

From Old French oniche, from Latin onyx, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux). Some forms directly from Latin.


holdkő

holdkövek (plural)
holdkő (nominative singular)
holdkövek (nominative plural)
holdkövet (accusative singular)
holdköveket (accusative plural)
holdkőnek (dative singular)
holdköveknek (dative plural)
holdkővel (instrumental singular)
holdkövekkel (instrumental plural)
holdkőért (causal-final singular)
holdkövekért (causal-final plural)
holdkővé (singular translative)
holdkövekké (plural translative)
holdkőig (singular terminative)
holdkövekig (plural terminative)
holdkőként (essive-formal singular)
holdkövekként (essive-formal plural)
holdkőben (inessive singular)
holdkövekben (inessive plural)
holdkövön (singular superessive)
holdköveken (plural superessive)
holdkőnél (adessive singular)
holdköveknél (adessive plural)
holdkőbe (illative singular)
holdkövekbe (illative plural)
holdkőre (singular sublative)
holdkövekre (plural sublative)
holdkőhöz (allative singular)
holdkövekhez (allative plural)
holdkőből (elative singular)
holdkövekből (elative plural)
holdkőről (delative singular)
holdkövekről (delative plural)
holdkőtől (ablative singular)
holdkövektől (ablative plural)
holdkőé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
holdköveké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
holdkőéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
holdkövekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
holdkövem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
holdköveim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
holdköved (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
holdköveid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
holdköve (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
holdkövei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
holdkövünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
holdköveink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
holdkövetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
holdköveitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
holdkövük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
holdköveik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


topáz

topázok (plural)
topáz (nominative singular)
topázok (nominative plural)
topázt (accusative singular)
topázokat (accusative plural)
topáznak (dative singular)
topázoknak (dative plural)
topázzal (instrumental singular)
topázokkal (instrumental plural)
topázért (causal-final singular)
topázokért (causal-final plural)
topázzá (singular translative)
topázokká (plural translative)
topázig (singular terminative)
topázokig (plural terminative)
topázként (essive-formal singular)
topázokként (essive-formal plural)
topázban (inessive singular)
topázokban (inessive plural)
topázon (singular superessive)
topázokon (plural superessive)
topáznál (adessive singular)
topázoknál (adessive plural)
topázba (illative singular)
topázokba (illative plural)
topázra (singular sublative)
topázokra (plural sublative)
topázhoz (allative singular)
topázokhoz (allative plural)
topázból (elative singular)
topázokból (elative plural)
topázról (delative singular)
topázokról (delative plural)
topáztól (ablative singular)
topázoktól (ablative plural)
topázé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
topázoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
topázéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
topázokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
topázom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
topázaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
topázod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
topázaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
topáza (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
topázai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
topázunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
topázaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
topázotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
topázaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
topázuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
topázaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from German Topas, from Latin topazius, from Ancient Greek τοπάζιον (topázion).


óola niłtólí ílínígíí

óola (“gold”) + niłtólí (“of glass”) + ílínígíí


λευκόφθαλμος

grc-noun

λευκόφθᾰλμος

λευκοφθᾰ́λμου

λευκόφθᾰλμος • (leukóphthalmos) f (genitive λευκοφθᾰ́λμου); second declension

λευκόφθᾰλμος (canonical)
leukóphthalmos (romanization)
λευκοφθᾰ́λμου (genitive)
ἡ λευκόφθᾰλμος (nominative singular)
τὼ λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (dual nominative)
αἱ λευκόφθᾰλμοι (nominative plural)
τῆς λευκοφθᾰ́λμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λευκοφθᾰ́λμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λευκοφθᾰ́λμων (genitive plural)
τῇ λευκοφθᾰ́λμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λευκοφθᾰ́λμοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λευκοφθᾰ́λμοις (dative plural)
τὴν λευκόφθᾰλμον (accusative singular)
τὼ λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λευκοφθᾰ́λμους (accusative plural)
λευκόφθᾰλμε (singular vocative)
λευκοφθᾰ́λμω (dual vocative)
λευκόφθᾰλμοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

λευκόφθᾰλμος

→ Latin: leucophthalmos

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós, “eye”).


зүбаржат

kk-noun

зүбаржат • (zübarjat)

From Arabic زَبَرْجَد (zabarjad), from Classical Syriac ܙܡܪܓܕܐ (zəmargaḏā, zəmarraḡdā), ܐܙܡܪܓܕܐ (ʾezmarraḡdā), from Ancient Greek σμᾰ́ραγδος (smáragdos).


μυρσινίτης

grc-noun

μῠρσῐνῑ́της • (mursinī́tēs) m (genitive μῠρσῐνῑ́του); first declension

μῠρσῐνῑ́της (canonical)
mursinī́tēs (romanization)
μῠρσῐνῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ μῠρσῐνῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ μῠρσῐνῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ μῠρσῐνῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐνῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μῠρσῐνῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μῠρσῐνῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μῠρσῐνῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μῠρσῐνῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν μῠρσῐνῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
μῠρσῐνῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
μῠρσῐνῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
μῠρσῐνῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: myrsinītēs

From μυρσίνη (mursínē, “myrtle”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


taim̧oņ

[tˠɑːimˠɔnʷ]

Borrowed from English diamond, from Middle English dyamaunt, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, from Latin adamas, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “diamond”).


دهنه

From Middle Persian *dahanag. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian դահանակ (dahanak), Classical Syriac ܕܗܢܓ (dhng), Arabic دَهْنَج (dahnaj), دَهَنَج (dahanaj), all ascribed the meaning malachite. Doublet of دهنج (dahnaj) from the Arabic.

a precious stone of a thick greenish colour


مینو

→ Urdu: مینو (mīnū)

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫇𐫃 (mynwg /mēnōg/, “the spiritual world, the intangible world”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 (maⁱniiu, “spirit”). Doublet of مینا (minâ), from the Middle Persian’s Arabic descendant.
In Zoroastrianism
In Zoroastrianism, mēnōg is the antonym of gētīg (“the physical world, the tangible world”), modern گیتی (giti, “world”). The spiritual realm of mēnōg has existed eternally, but the good god Ohrmazd created the physical world of gētīg, where humans currently live, as an arena to permanently defeat the evil god Ahriman. The opposition between these two terms did not survive into Islam, although see early quotations such as the one given below.
The Arabic loan suggests that already in Middle Persian, the word could mean "emerald" or "glass" as intangible and ethereal substances, although this is not directly attested.


λυχνίς

grc-noun

λῠχνῐ́ς • (lukhnís) f (genitive λῠχνῐ́δος); third declension

λῠχνῐ́ς (canonical)
lukhnís (romanization)
λῠχνῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ λῠχνῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠχνῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ λῠχνῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς λῠχνῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠχνῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠχνῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ λῠχνῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠχνῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λῠχνῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
λῠχνῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs lukhnísi (dative plural)
taîs lukhnísin (dative plural)
τὴν λῠχνῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠχνῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λῠχνῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
λῠχνῐ́ς (singular vocative)
λῠχνῐ́δε (dual vocative)
λῠχνῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lychnis

→ Translingual: Lychnis

From λύχνος (lúkhnos, “lamp”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).

Silene coronaria
Silene coronaria#Translingual

Lychnis coronaria
Lychnis coronaria#Translingual

rose campion (Silene coronaria, syn. Lychnis coronaria)


դահանակ

dahanak (romanization)
դահանակ (nominative singular)
դահանակներ (nominative plural)
դահանակի (dative singular)
դահանակների (dative plural)
դահանակից (ablative singular)
դահանակներից (ablative plural)
դահանակով (instrumental singular)
դահանակներով (instrumental plural)
դահանակում (locative singular)
դահանակներում (locative plural)
դահանակը (definite nominative singular)
դահանակն (definite nominative singular)
դահանակները (definite nominative plural)
դահանակներն (definite nominative plural)
դահանակին (dative definite singular)
դահանակներին (dative definite plural)
դահանակս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
դահանակներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
դահանակիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
դահանակներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
դահանակիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
դահանակներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
դահանակովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
դահանակներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
դահանակումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
դահանակներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
դահանակդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
դահանակներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
դահանակիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
դահանակներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
դահանակիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
դահանակներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
դահանակովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
դահանակներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
դահանակումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
դահանակներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

դահանակը/դահանակն

դահանակները/դահանակներն

դահանակներին

դահանակներից

դահանակներով

դահանակներում

դահանակներիս

դահանակներիցս

դահանակներովս

դահանակներումս

դահանակներիդ

դահանակներիցդ

դահանակներովդ

դահանակներումդ

Hy-դահանակ.ogg

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian դահանակ (dahanak).


դահանակ

Middle Armenian: դահակն (dahakn)

→ Armenian: դահանակ (dahanak)

Borrowed from a Middle Iranian cognate of Persian دهنه (dahana).

Եւ ոսկի երկրին այնորիկ ազնիւ․ եւ անդ է սուտակն եւ ակն դահանակ։

And the gold of that land is good, there also is sutakn and dahanak.

Ew oski erkrin aynorik azniw; ew and ē sutakn ew akn dahanak.

Եւ ամենայն հրապարակքն Երուսաղեմի բիւրեղ եւ դահանակ եւ սարդիոն ակամբք կազմեսցին։

And the streets of Jerusalem shall be paved with beryl and dahanak and sardion.

Ew amenayn hraparakkʻn Erusałemi biwreł ew dahanak ew sardion akambkʻ kazmescʻin.

a gem resembling an emerald, probably malachite


ទទឹម

km-noun

ទទឹម • (tɔɔtɔtɨm)

Possibly from Sanskrit दाडिम (dāḍima), Pali dāliṁa.


χαλκόφωνος

grc-noun

χᾰλκόφωνος • (khalkóphōnos) f (genitive χᾰλκοφώνου); second declension

χᾰλκόφωνος (canonical)
khalkóphōnos (romanization)
χᾰλκοφώνου (genitive)
ἡ χᾰλκόφωνος (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκοφώνω (dual nominative)
αἱ χᾰλκόφωνοι (nominative plural)
τῆς χᾰλκοφώνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοφώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰλκοφώνων (genitive plural)
τῇ χᾰλκοφώνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰλκοφώνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς χᾰλκοφώνοις (dative plural)
τὴν χᾰλκόφωνον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰλκοφώνω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς χᾰλκοφώνους (accusative plural)
χᾰλκόφωνε (singular vocative)
χᾰλκοφώνω (dual vocative)
χᾰλκόφωνοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: chalcophōnos

From χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


гауһар

gauhar (romanization)
гауһар (nominative singular)
гауһарлар (nominative plural)
гауһардың (genitive singular)
гауһарлардың (genitive plural)
гауһарға (dative singular)
гауһарларға (dative plural)
гауһарды (accusative singular)
гауһарларды (accusative plural)
гауһарда (locative singular)
гауһарларда (locative plural)
гауһардан (ablative singular)
гауһарлардан (ablative plural)
гауһармен (instrumental singular)
гауһарлармен (instrumental plural)

kk-decl-noun

гауһарлардың

гауһарлардан

гауһарлармен

kk:гауһар (тас)


séad

séid (genitive singular)
séad
shéad
tséad


emrallt

emralltiau (plural)
emrallt
hemrallt (prothesis-h)

(ornithology) emerald (hummingbird in the tribe Trochilini)

(entomology) emerald (moth in the subfamily Geometrinae)


אזמרגד

he-noun

אִזְמַרְגָּד

אִזְמַרְגָּד • (izmargád) m

אִזְמַרְגָּד (canonical)
izmargád (romanization)

From Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), from a Semitic source.


ברקת

בָּרֶקֶת • (baréket) f

בָּרֶקֶת (canonical)
baréket (romanization)

From Proto-Semitic *wVrrVḳānt- (“green gemstone”), derived from the root *w-r-ḳ ‘to be yellow/green’ referring generically to any green precious stone.


лағыл

kk-noun

лағыл • (lağyl)

From Arabic لَعْل (laʕl, “a red gemstone”).


pietersite

a rare dark-gray or reddish breccia aggregate (rock made up of fragments embedded in a matrix), comprised mostly of hawk's eye and tiger's eye


ὀπάλλιος

grc-noun

ὀπᾰ́λλῐος • (opállios) m (genitive ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου); second declension

ὀπᾰ́λλῐος (canonical)
opállios (romanization)
ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ὀπᾰ́λλῐος (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ ὀπᾰ́λλῐοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀπᾰλλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀπᾰλλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀπᾰλλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀπᾰλλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν ὀπᾰ́λλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὀπᾰλλῐ́ους (accusative plural)
ὀπᾰ́λλῐε (singular vocative)
ὀπᾰλλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
ὀπᾰ́λλῐοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: opalus

From Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), possibly a variant of उपर (upara, “lower”), from उप (upa, “below, under, down”).


λυγγούριον

λῠγγούρῐον • (lungoúrion) n (genitive λῠγγουρῐ́ου); second declension

λῠγγούρῐον (canonical)
lungoúrion (romanization)
λῠγγουρῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ λῠγγούρῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ λῠγγουρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λῠγγούρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ λῠγγουρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν λῠγγουρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λῠγγουρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ λῠγγουρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν λῠγγουρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς λῠγγουρῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ λῠγγούρῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ λῠγγουρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λῠγγούρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
λῠγγούρῐον (singular vocative)
λῠγγουρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
λῠγγούρῐᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Old Georgian: ლჳგჳრიონი (lwigwirioni), ლიგჳრიონი (ligwirioni)

Traditionally derived from λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”) + οὖρον (oûron, “urine”), as the stone was thought to be the urine of the lynx. However, the presence of the word λογούριον (logoúrion, “glass”) rather shows that this is a Pre-Greek word.


पुखराज

hi-noun

पुखराज • (pukhrāj) m (Urdu spelling پکھراج)

pukhrāj (romanization)
پکھراج (Urdu)
पुखराज (direct singular)
पुखराज (direct plural)
पुखराज (oblique singular)
पुखराजों (oblique plural)
पुखराज (singular vocative)
पुखराजो (plural vocative)

/pʊkʰ.ɾɑːd͡ʒ/

[pʊkʰ.ɾäːd͡ʒ]

Inherited from Sanskrit पुष्पराग (puṣparāga, “topaz”).


ագաթ

head

ագաթ • (agatʻ)

hy-noun

ագաթ • (agatʻ)

agatʻ (romanization)
ագաթ (nominative singular)
ագաթներ (nominative plural)
ագաթի (dative singular)
ագաթների (dative plural)
ագաթից (ablative singular)
ագաթներից (ablative plural)
ագաթով (instrumental singular)
ագաթներով (instrumental plural)
ագաթում (locative singular)
ագաթներում (locative plural)
ագաթը (definite nominative singular)
ագաթն (definite nominative singular)
ագաթները (definite nominative plural)
ագաթներն (definite nominative plural)
ագաթին (dative definite singular)
ագաթներին (dative definite plural)
ագաթս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
ագաթներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
ագաթիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
ագաթներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
ագաթիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
ագաթներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
ագաթովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
ագաթներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
ագաթումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
ագաթներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
ագաթդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
ագաթներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
ագաթիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
ագաթներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
ագաթիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
ագաթներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
ագաթովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
ագաթներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
ագաթումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
ագաթներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

ագաթները/ագաթներն

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs).


γλωσσοπέτρα

grc-noun

γλωσσοπέτρᾱς

γλωσσοπέτρᾱ • (glōssopétrā) f (genitive γλωσσοπέτρᾱς); first declension

γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (canonical)
glōssopétrā (romanization)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (genitive)
ἡ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (nominative singular)
τὼ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλωσσοπέτραι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλωσσοπέτραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλωσσοπετρῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλωσσοπέτρᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλωσσοπέτραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλωσσοπέτραις (dative plural)
τὴν γλωσσοπέτρᾱν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλωσσοπέτρᾱς (accusative plural)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (singular vocative)
γλωσσοπέτρᾱ (dual vocative)
γλωσσοπέτραι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: glōssopetra

From γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue”) + πέτρᾱ (pétrā, “stone”).

compound

kind of precious stone resembling a human tongue


янтар

uk-noun

янта́р • (jantár) m inan (genitive янтарю́, uncountable, relational adjective янта́рний or янтаре́вий)

янта́р (canonical)
jantár (romanization)
янтарю́ (genitive)
янта́рний (adjective relational)
янтаре́вий (adjective relational)
янта́р (nominative singular)
янтарю́ (genitive singular)
янтаре́ві (dative singular)
янтарю́ (dative singular)
янта́р (accusative singular)
янтаре́м (instrumental singular)
янтарю́ (locative singular)
янтарі́ (locative singular)
янта́рю (singular vocative)

From Old Ukrainian єнта́рь (jentárʹ), borrowed from Lithuanian jentaras, giñtaras, gẽntaras.


маржан

From Arabic مَرْجَان (marjān), from Classical Syriac ܡܪܰܓܳܢ (margān, “pearl-like”), from ܡܰܪܓܳܢܺܝܬܳܐ (margānīṯā, “pearl”), from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs, “pearl”).


жауһар

jauhar (romanization)
жауһар (nominative singular)
жауһарлар (nominative plural)
жауһардың (genitive singular)
жауһарлардың (genitive plural)
жауһарға (dative singular)
жауһарларға (dative plural)
жауһарды (accusative singular)
жауһарларды (accusative plural)
жауһарда (locative singular)
жауһарларда (locative plural)
жауһардан (ablative singular)
жауһарлардан (ablative plural)
жауһармен (instrumental singular)
жауһарлармен (instrumental plural)

kk-decl-noun

жауһарлардың

жауһарлардан

жауһарлармен

From Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar).


զմրութ

head

զմրութ • (zmrutʻ)

hy-noun

զմրութ • (zmrutʻ)

zmrutʻ (romanization)
զմրութ (nominative singular)
զմրութներ (nominative plural)
զմրութի (dative singular)
զմրութների (dative plural)
զմրութից (ablative singular)
զմրութներից (ablative plural)
զմրութով (instrumental singular)
զմրութներով (instrumental plural)
զմրութում (locative singular)
զմրութներում (locative plural)
զմրութը (definite nominative singular)
զմրութն (definite nominative singular)
զմրութները (definite nominative plural)
զմրութներն (definite nominative plural)
զմրութին (dative definite singular)
զմրութներին (dative definite plural)
զմրութս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
զմրութներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
զմրութիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
զմրութներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
զմրութիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
զմրութներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
զմրութովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
զմրութներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
զմրութումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
զմրութներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
զմրութդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
զմրութներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
զմրութիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
զմրութներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
զմրութիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
զմրութներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
զմրութովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
զմրութներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
զմրութումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
զմրութներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

զմրութը/զմրութն

զմրութները/զմրութներն

զմրութներում

զմրութներիցս

զմրութներովս

զմրութներումս

զմրութներիցդ

զմրութներովդ

զմրութներումդ

From Middle Armenian զմրութ (zmrutʻ), from Ottoman Turkish زمرد (zümrüd, zümrüt). Doublet of զմրուխտ (zmruxt).

զմրութ․ զմրալտօ
zmrutʻ; zmraltō
զմրութ (zmrutʻ) = smeraldo

ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 19


স্ফটিক

head

স্ফটিক • (sphôṭik)

bn-noun

স্ফটিক • (sphôṭik)

Dictionary of the Bengali Language (Self-pronouncing, Etymological & Explanatory) with Appendices

s:bn:নির্ঘণ্ট:বাঙ্গালা ভাষার অভিধান (দ্বিতীয় সংস্করণ) দ্বিতীয় ভাগ.djvu

কলিকাতা Kolkata

s:bn:পাতা:বাঙ্গালা ভাষার অভিধান (দ্বিতীয় সংস্করণ) দ্বিতীয় ভাগ.djvu/৮৭২


լաջվարդ

head

լաջվարդ • (laǰvard)

hy-noun

լաջվարդ • (laǰvard)

laǰvard (romanization)
լաջվարդ (nominative singular)
լաջվարդներ (nominative plural)
լաջվարդի (dative singular)
լաջվարդների (dative plural)
լաջվարդից (ablative singular)
լաջվարդներից (ablative plural)
լաջվարդով (instrumental singular)
լաջվարդներով (instrumental plural)
լաջվարդում (locative singular)
լաջվարդներում (locative plural)
լաջվարդը (definite nominative singular)
լաջվարդն (definite nominative singular)
լաջվարդները (definite nominative plural)
լաջվարդներն (definite nominative plural)
լաջվարդին (dative definite singular)
լաջվարդներին (dative definite plural)
լաջվարդս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
լաջվարդներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
լաջվարդիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
լաջվարդներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
լաջվարդիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
լաջվարդներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
լաջվարդովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
լաջվարդներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
լաջվարդումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
լաջվարդներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
լաջվարդդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
լաջվարդներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
լաջվարդիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
լաջվարդներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
լաջվարդիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
լաջվարդներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
լաջվարդովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
լաջվարդներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
լաջվարդումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
լաջվարդներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

լաջվարդը/լաջվարդն

լաջվարդները/լաջվարդներն

լաջվարդներին

լաջվարդներից

լաջվարդներով

լաջվարդներում

լաջվարդներիս

լաջվարդներիցս

լաջվարդներովս

լաջվարդներումս

լաջվարդներիդ

լաջվարդներիցդ

լաջվարդներովդ

լաջվարդներումդ

Hy-լաջվարդ.ogg

/lɑd͡ʒˈvɑɾtʰ/

[lɑd͡ʒvɑ́ɾtʰ]

/lɑt͡ʃˈvɑɾt/

[lɑt͡ʃʰvɑ́ɾtʰ]

From Middle Armenian լաջվարդ (laǰvard), լաջուարդ (laǰuard), from Classical Persian لَاجْوَرْد (lājward).

լաճվարթ․ լափիս լածուրի
lačvartʻ; lapʻis lacuri
լաճվարթ (lačvartʻ) = lapislazuli

ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 26


լաջվարդ

head

ամենալաջվարդ

լաջվարդ • (laǰvard)

hy-adj

լաջվարդ • (laǰvard)

hy-decl-noun

լաջվարդը/լաջվարդն

լաջվարդները/լաջվարդներն

լաջվարդներին

լաջվարդներից

լաջվարդներով

լաջվարդներում

լաջվարդներիս

լաջվարդներիցս

լաջվարդներովս

լաջվարդներումս

լաջվարդներիդ

լաջվարդներիցդ

լաջվարդներովդ

լաջվարդներումդ

Hy-լաջվարդ.ogg

/lɑd͡ʒˈvɑɾtʰ/

[lɑd͡ʒvɑ́ɾtʰ]

/lɑt͡ʃˈvɑɾt/

[lɑt͡ʃʰvɑ́ɾtʰ]


зүмірет

kk-noun

зүмірет • (zümıret)

From Persian زمرد, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos).


նռնաքար

head

նռնաքար • (nṙnakʻar)

hy-noun

նռնաքար • (nṙnakʻar)

nṙnakʻar (romanization)
նռնաքար (nominative singular)
նռնաքարեր (nominative plural)
նռնաքարի (dative singular)
նռնաքարերի (dative plural)
նռնաքարից (ablative singular)
նռնաքարերից (ablative plural)
նռնաքարով (instrumental singular)
նռնաքարերով (instrumental plural)
նռնաքարում (locative singular)
նռնաքարերում (locative plural)
նռնաքարը (definite nominative singular)
նռնաքարն (definite nominative singular)
նռնաքարերը (definite nominative plural)
նռնաքարերն (definite nominative plural)
նռնաքարին (dative definite singular)
նռնաքարերին (dative definite plural)
նռնաքարս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
նռնաքարերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
նռնաքարիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
նռնաքարերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
նռնաքարիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
նռնաքարերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
նռնաքարովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
նռնաքարերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
նռնաքարումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
նռնաքարերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
նռնաքարդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
նռնաքարերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
նռնաքարիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
նռնաքարերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
նռնաքարիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
նռնաքարերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
նռնաքարովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
նռնաքարերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
նռնաքարումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
նռնաքարերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

նռնաքարը/նռնաքարն

նռնաքարերը/նռնաքարերն

նռնաքարերում

նռնաքարերիցս

նռնաքարերովս

նռնաքարերումս

նռնաքարերիցդ

նռնաքարերովդ

նռնաքարերումդ

/nərnɑˈkʰɑɾ/

[nərnɑkʰɑ́ɾ]

[nəɾnɑkʰɑ́ɾ]

նուռ (nuṙ, “pomegranate”) + -ա- (-a-) + քար (kʻar)


սեյլան

seylan (romanization)
սեյլան (nominative singular)
սեյլաններ (nominative plural)
սեյլանի (dative singular)
սեյլանների (dative plural)
սեյլանից (ablative singular)
սեյլաններից (ablative plural)
սեյլանով (instrumental singular)
սեյլաններով (instrumental plural)
սեյլանում (locative singular)
սեյլաններում (locative plural)
սեյլանը (definite nominative singular)
սեյլանն (definite nominative singular)
սեյլանները (definite nominative plural)
սեյլաններն (definite nominative plural)
սեյլանին (dative definite singular)
սեյլաններին (dative definite plural)
սեյլանս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
սեյլաններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
սեյլանիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
սեյլաններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
սեյլանիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
սեյլաններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
սեյլանովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
սեյլաններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
սեյլանումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
սեյլաններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
սեյլանդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
սեյլաններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
սեյլանիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
սեյլաններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
սեյլանիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
սեյլաններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
սեյլանովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
սեյլաններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
սեյլանումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
սեյլաններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

սեյլանը/սեյլանն

սեյլանները/սեյլաններն

սեյլաններում

սեյլաններիցս

սեյլաններովս

սեյլաններումս

սեյլաններիցդ

սեյլաններովդ

սեյլաններումդ

From Persian سیلان (saylân, “the island of Ceylon”), probably via Turkic: compare Ottoman Turkish سیلان تاشی (Seylan taşı, “garnet”, literally “Ceylon stone”). Doublet of Ցեյլոն (Cʻeylon).

cog

Սարդիոնն, որ է սէյլանն, արիւն որ երթայ յինքենէ․ ի քթէն կամ յայլ տեղեաց, որ երկաթի կամ քարի եարայ չլինի․ նա զսէյլանն ի հետն պահելն զարիւն կտրէ, եւ ի կրակ չի այրիր որպէս զեաղութն՝ որպէս որ ի կրակն մտանէ՝ նոյնպէս ելանէ, եւ ոչ գոյնն աւերի եւ ոչ ճիլան։ Նոյնպէս եւ դեղին սէյլանն, որ է թիլայ եւ պիճատի եւ տպազիօն ասեն։

1662, Aṙakʻel Dawrižecʻi, Girkʻ patmutʻeancʻ [Book of Histories] 53

Sardionn, or ē sēylann, ariwn or ertʻay yinkʻenē; i kʻtʻēn kam yayl teġeacʻ, or erkatʻi kam kʻari earay čʻlini; na zsēylann i hetn paheln zariwn ktrē, ew i krak čʻi ayrir orpēs zeaġutʻn, orpēs or i krakn mtanē, noynpēs elanē, ew očʻ goynn aweri ew očʻ čilan. Noynpēs ew deġin sēylann, or ē tʻilay ew pičati ew tpaziōn asen.

սէլեան․ կրանաթօ
sēlean; kranatʻō
սէլեան (sēlean) = granato

ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 53

որ Զ դանայ ալմազ մատանի առի, ոսկէ եւ սէլանօվ

1712 – 1718, Sarhad, son of Šahveli, Account Book

or Z danay almaz matani aṙi, oskē ew sēlanōv


মুক্তা

head

মুক্তা • (mukta)

bn-noun

মুক্তা • (mukta)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुक्ता (muktā).


жақұт

kk-noun

жақұт • (jaqūt)

jaqūt (romanization)
жақұт (nominative singular)
жақұттар (nominative plural)
жақұттың (genitive singular)
жақұттардың (genitive plural)
жақұтқа (dative singular)
жақұттарға (dative plural)
жақұтты (accusative singular)
жақұттарды (accusative plural)
жақұтта (locative singular)
жақұттарда (locative plural)
жақұттан (ablative singular)
жақұттардан (ablative plural)
жақұтпен (instrumental singular)
жақұттармен (instrumental plural)

From Persian یاقوت (yâqut), from Arabic يَاقُوت (yāqūt).


փիրուզ

head

փիրուզ • (pʻiruz)

hy-noun

փիրուզ • (pʻiruz)

pʻiruz (romanization)
փիրուզ (nominative singular)
փիրուզներ (nominative plural)
փիրուզի (dative singular)
փիրուզների (dative plural)
փիրուզից (ablative singular)
փիրուզներից (ablative plural)
փիրուզով (instrumental singular)
փիրուզներով (instrumental plural)
փիրուզում (locative singular)
փիրուզներում (locative plural)
փիրուզը (definite nominative singular)
փիրուզն (definite nominative singular)
փիրուզները (definite nominative plural)
փիրուզներն (definite nominative plural)
փիրուզին (dative definite singular)
փիրուզներին (dative definite plural)
փիրուզս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
փիրուզներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
փիրուզիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
փիրուզներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
փիրուզիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
փիրուզներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
փիրուզովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
փիրուզներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
փիրուզումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
փիրուզներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
փիրուզդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
փիրուզներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
փիրուզիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
փիրուզներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
փիրուզիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
փիրուզներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
փիրուզովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
փիրուզներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
փիրուզումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
փիրուզներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

փիրուզը/փիրուզն

փիրուզները/փիրուզներն

փիրուզներում

փիրուզներիցս

փիրուզներովս

փիրուզներումս

փիրուզներիցդ

փիրուզներովդ

փիրուզներումդ

From Middle Armenian, from Persian پیروزه (piruze). See فیروزه (firuze) for more.

փէրուզայ․ թուրքէզէ
pʻēruzay; tʻurkʻēzē
փէրուզայ (pʻēruzay) = turchese

ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 61


քահրիբար

head

քահրիբար • (kʻahribar)

hy-noun

քահրիբար • (kʻahribar)

kʻahribar (romanization)
քահրիբար (nominative singular)
քահրիբարներ (nominative plural)
քահրիբարի (dative singular)
քահրիբարների (dative plural)
քահրիբարից (ablative singular)
քահրիբարներից (ablative plural)
քահրիբարով (instrumental singular)
քահրիբարներով (instrumental plural)
քահրիբարում (locative singular)
քահրիբարներում (locative plural)
քահրիբարը (definite nominative singular)
քահրիբարն (definite nominative singular)
քահրիբարները (definite nominative plural)
քահրիբարներն (definite nominative plural)
քահրիբարին (dative definite singular)
քահրիբարներին (dative definite plural)
քահրիբարս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
քահրիբարներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
քահրիբարիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
քահրիբարներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
քահրիբարիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
քահրիբարներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
քահրիբարովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
քահրիբարներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
քահրիբարումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
քահրիբարներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
քահրիբարդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
քահրիբարներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
քահրիբարիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
քահրիբարներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
քահրիբարիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
քահրիբարներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
քահրիբարովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
քահրիբարներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
քահրիբարումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
քահրիբարներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

քահրիբարը/քահրիբարն

քահրիբարները/քահրիբարներն

քահրիբարների

քահրիբարներին

քահրիբարներից

քահրիբարներով

քահրիբարներում

քահրիբարներս

քահրիբարներիս

քահրիբարներիցս

քահրիբարներովս

քահրիբարումս

քահրիբարներումս

քահրիբարներդ

քահրիբարներիդ

քահրիբարներիցդ

քահրիբարներովդ

քահրիբարումդ

քահրիբարներումդ

/kʰɑhɾiˈbɑɾ/

[kʰɑhɾibɑ́ɾ]

[kʰɑhɾipʰɑ́ɾ]

Hy-քահրիբար.ogg

From Middle Armenian, ultimately from Middle Persian [script needed] (khlpʾd /kah-rubāy/). In some dialects, via Ottoman Turkish.

der

քահրիպար․ ամպռայ
kʻahripar; ampṙay
քահրիպար (kʻahripar) = ambra

ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 63


பவழம்

pavaḻam (romanization)
பவழம் (nominative singular)
பவழங்கள் (nominative plural)
பவழமே (singular vocative)
பவழங்களே (plural vocative)
பவழத்தை (accusative singular)
பவழங்களை (accusative plural)
பவழத்துக்கு (dative singular)
பவழங்களுக்கு (dative plural)
பவழத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
பவழங்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
பவழத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
பவழங்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
பவழத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
பவழங்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
பவழத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
பவழங்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
பவழத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
பவழங்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
பவழத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
பவழங்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
பவழத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
பவழங்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
பவழத்தால் (instrumental singular)
பவழங்களால் (instrumental plural)
பவழத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)
பவழங்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)

Inherited from Proto-South Dravidian *pawaẓ. Cognate with Malayalam പവിഴം (paviḻaṁ), Tulu ಪಗಳ (pagaḷa, “coral”), Kannada ಹವಳ (havaḷa, “coral”) and Telugu పగడం (pagaḍaṁ, “coral”).


പവിഴം

head

പവിഴം • (paviḻaṁ)

ml-noun

പവിഴം • (paviḻaṁ)

paviḻaṁ (romanization)
പവിഴം (nominative singular)
പവിഴങ്ങൾ (nominative plural)
പവിഴമേ (singular vocative)
പവിഴങ്ങളേ (plural vocative)
പവിഴത്തെ (accusative singular)
പവിഴങ്ങളെ (accusative plural)
പവിഴത്തിന് (dative singular)
പവിഴങ്ങൾക്ക് (dative plural)
പവിഴത്തിന്റെ (genitive singular)
പവിഴങ്ങളുടെ (genitive plural)
പവിഴത്തിൽ (locative singular)
പവിഴങ്ങളിൽ (locative plural)
പവിഴത്തോട് (singular sociative)
പവിഴങ്ങളോട് (plural sociative)
പവിഴത്താൽ (instrumental singular)
പവിഴങ്ങളാൽ (instrumental plural)

ml-decl-noun

പവിഴത്തിൻ്റെ

പവിഴങ്ങൾക്ക്

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *pawaẓ. Cognate with Kannada ಹವಳ (havaḷa, “coral”), Tamil பவழம் (pavaḻam, “coral”), Tulu ಪಗಳ (pagaḷa, “coral”) and Telugu పగడం (pagaḍaṁ, “coral”).


ақық

aqyq (romanization)
ақық (nominative singular)
ақықтар (nominative plural)
ақықтың (genitive singular)
ақықтардың (genitive plural)
ақыққа (dative singular)
ақықтарға (dative plural)
ақықты (accusative singular)
ақықтарды (accusative plural)
ақықта (locative singular)
ақықтарда (locative plural)
ақықтан (ablative singular)
ақықтардан (ablative plural)
ақықпен (instrumental singular)
ақықтармен (instrumental plural)


σάρδιον

grc-noun

σᾰ́ρδῐον • (sárdion) n (genitive σᾰρδῐ́ου); second declension

σᾰ́ρδῐον (canonical)
sárdion (romanization)
σᾰρδῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ σᾰ́ρδῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ σᾰρδῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ σᾰρδῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν σᾰρδῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σᾰρδῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ σᾰρδῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν σᾰρδῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σᾰρδῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ σᾰ́ρδῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ σᾰρδῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (accusative plural)
σᾰ́ρδῐον (singular vocative)
σᾰρδῐ́ω (dual vocative)
σᾰ́ρδῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: սարդիոն (sardion)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: სარდიონი (sardioni)
Georgian: სარდიონი (sardioni)

Probably from Σάρδεις (Sárdeis, “Sardis”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix), because it was its place of origin.

af

(mineralogy) sardine, carnelian, used also as a seal


綠柱石

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (綠柱石):
* → Japanese: 緑(りょく)柱(ちゅう)石(せき) (ryokuchūseki)
* → Korean: 록주석(綠柱石) (rokjuseok), 녹주석(綠柱石) (nokjuseok)

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/


cytryn

cytryn (nominative singular)
cytryny (nominative plural)
cytrynu (genitive singular)
cytrynów (genitive plural)
cytrynowi (dative singular)
cytrynom (dative plural)
cytryn (accusative singular)
cytryny (accusative plural)
cytrynem (instrumental singular)
cytrynami (instrumental plural)
cytrynie (locative singular)
cytrynach (locative plural)
cytrynie (singular vocative)
cytryny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English citrine, from French citrin, from Latin citrus, from Etruscan, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros). Doublet of cedr, cedrat, cytron, cytrus, and cytryna.


σαυρίτης

grc-noun

σαυρῑ́της • (saurī́tēs) m (genitive σαυρῑ́του); first declension

σαυρῑ́της (canonical)
saurī́tēs (romanization)
σαυρῑ́του (genitive)
ὁ σαυρῑ́της (nominative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ σαυρῖται (nominative plural)
τοῦ σαυρῑ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαυρῑτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ σαυρῑ́τῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαυρῑ́ταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς σαυρῑ́ταις (dative plural)
τὸν σαυρῑ́την (accusative singular)
τὼ σαυρῑ́τᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς σαυρῑ́τᾱς (accusative plural)
σαυρῖτᾰ (singular vocative)
σαυρῑ́τᾱ (dual vocative)
σαυρῖται (plural vocative)

→ Latin: saurītēs

From σαύρα (saúra, “lizard”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, nominal suffix).


τόπαζος

grc-noun

τόπᾰζος • (tópazos) m (genitive τοπᾰ́ζου); second declension

τόπᾰζος (canonical)
tópazos (romanization)
τοπᾰ́ζου (genitive)
ὁ τόπᾰζος (nominative singular)
τὼ τοπᾰ́ζω (dual nominative)
οἱ τόπᾰζοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ τοπᾰ́ζου (genitive singular)
τοῖν τοπᾰ́ζοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν τοπᾰ́ζων (genitive plural)
τῷ τοπᾰ́ζῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν τοπᾰ́ζοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς τοπᾰ́ζοις (dative plural)
τὸν τόπᾰζον (accusative singular)
τὼ τοπᾰ́ζω (accusative dual)
τοὺς τοπᾰ́ζους (accusative plural)
τόπᾰζε (singular vocative)
τοπᾰ́ζω (dual vocative)
τόπᾰζοι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: topazius (see there for further descendants)

→ Macedonian: топаз (topaz)

desctree

→ Russian: топа́з (topáz)
→ Kazakh: топаз (topaz)

→ Serbo-Croatian: topaz

A loanword which, according to Pliny, was taken from the language of the Troglodytes, and named after an island of the same name in the Red Sea. However, according to Furnée, the existence of the gloss ταβάσιος (tabásios, “kind of stone”) proves a Pre-Greek origin of the word. Also compare Sanskrit तपस् (tapas, “fire, heat”).

gem of green hue, probably chrysolite or peridot


ὑδατίς

grc-noun

ὑδᾰτῐ́ς • (hudatís) f (genitive ὑδᾰτῐ́δος); third declension

ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (canonical)
hudatís (romanization)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δος (genitive)
ἡ ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τὼ ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (dual nominative)
αἱ ὑδᾰτῐ́δες (nominative plural)
τῆς ὑδᾰτῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὑδᾰτῐ́δοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὑδᾰτῐ́δων (genitive plural)
τῇ ὑδᾰτῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὑδᾰτῐ́δοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ὑδᾰτῐ́σῐ (dative plural)
ὑδᾰτῐ́σῐν (dative plural)
taîs hudatísi (dative plural)
taîs hudatísin (dative plural)
τὴν ὑδᾰτῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ὑδᾰτῐ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
ὑδᾰτῐ́ς (singular vocative)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δε (dual vocative)
ὑδᾰτῐ́δες (plural vocative)

→ English: hydatid

From ὕδατος (húdatos, “water”) + -ῐ́ς (-ís).


ոսկեքար

head

ոսկեքար • (oskekʻar)

hy-noun

ոսկեքար • (oskekʻar)

oskekʻar (romanization)
ոսկեքար (nominative singular)
ոսկեքարեր (nominative plural)
ոսկեքարի (dative singular)
ոսկեքարերի (dative plural)
ոսկեքարից (ablative singular)
ոսկեքարերից (ablative plural)
ոսկեքարով (instrumental singular)
ոսկեքարերով (instrumental plural)
ոսկեքարում (locative singular)
ոսկեքարերում (locative plural)
ոսկեքարը (definite nominative singular)
ոսկեքարն (definite nominative singular)
ոսկեքարերը (definite nominative plural)
ոսկեքարերն (definite nominative plural)
ոսկեքարին (dative definite singular)
ոսկեքարերին (dative definite plural)
ոսկեքարս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
ոսկեքարերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
ոսկեքարիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
ոսկեքարերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
ոսկեքարիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
ոսկեքարերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
ոսկեքարովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
ոսկեքարերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
ոսկեքարումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
ոսկեքարերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
ոսկեքարդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
ոսկեքարերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
ոսկեքարիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
ոսկեքարերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
ոսկեքարիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
ոսկեքարերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
ոսկեքարովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
ոսկեքարերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
ոսկեքարումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
ոսկեքարերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

ոսկեքարը/ոսկեքարն

ոսկեքարերը/ոսկեքարերն

ոսկեքարերում

ոսկեքարերիցս

ոսկեքարերովս

ոսկեքարերումս

ոսկեքարերիցդ

ոսկեքարերովդ

ոսկեքարերումդ

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ոսկեքար (oskekʻar).


ոսկեքար

head

ոսկեքար • (oskekʻar)

xcl-noun

ոսկեքար • (oskekʻar)

desc

→ Armenian: ոսկեքար (oskekʻar) (learned)

From ոսկի (oski) + -ա- (-a-) + քար (kʻar). Calque of Ancient Greek χρυσόλιθος (khrusólithos).

calque

[…] զմեղեսիկն, զոսկեքարն, զբիւրեղն, զեղնգնաքարն
[…]zmełesikn, zoskekʻarn, zbiwrełn, zełngnakʻarn
Translation by Brenton Septuagint Translation
[…] and amethyst, and chrysolite, and beryl, and onyx

[…] եւթներորդն` ոսկեքար […]
[…]ewtʻnerordn` oskekʻar[…]


نارسنگ

head

نارسنگ • (nârsang)

fa-noun

نارسنگ • (nârsang)

[nɔːɾ.sǽŋɡ̥]

[nɒːɹ.sǽɲɡʲ̥]

From نار (nâr, “pommegrenate”) + سَنگ (sang, “stone, pebble”).


بیجاده

head

بیجاده • (bijâde)

fa-noun

بیجاده • (bijâde)

Inherited from Middle Persian (cf. Arabic بِجَادَق (bijādaq)), by surface analysis, بی (bi, “without”) + جاده (jâde, “road, (here: streak)”). Compare Old Georgian ბეჭედი (beč̣edi), Armenian պիճատի (pičati), Iranian borrowings.

surf

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
شد آن تخت شاهی و آن دستگاه
زمانه ربودش چو بیجاده کاه
šod ân taxt-e šâhi-yyo ân dastgâh
zamâne robudaš čo bijâde kâh.

the fate snatched his throne and court, just like how the amber attracts straw.


կարկեհան

karkehan (romanization)
կարկեհան (nominative singular)
կարկեհաններ (nominative plural)
կարկեհանի (dative singular)
կարկեհանների (dative plural)
կարկեհանից (ablative singular)
կարկեհաններից (ablative plural)
կարկեհանով (instrumental singular)
կարկեհաններով (instrumental plural)
կարկեհանում (locative singular)
կարկեհաններում (locative plural)
կարկեհանը (definite nominative singular)
կարկեհանն (definite nominative singular)
կարկեհանները (definite nominative plural)
կարկեհաններն (definite nominative plural)
կարկեհանին (dative definite singular)
կարկեհաններին (dative definite plural)
կարկեհանս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
կարկեհաններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
կարկեհանիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
կարկեհաններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
կարկեհանիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
կարկեհաններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
կարկեհանովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
կարկեհաններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
կարկեհանումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
կարկեհաններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
կարկեհանդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
կարկեհաններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
կարկեհանիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
կարկեհաններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
կարկեհանիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
կարկեհաններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
կարկեհանովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
կարկեհաններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
կարկեհանումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
կարկեհաններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

կարկեհանը/կարկեհանն

կարկեհանները/կարկեհաններն

կարկեհանների

կարկեհաններին

կարկեհաններից

կարկեհաններով

կարկեհաններում

կարկեհաններս

կարկեհաններիս

կարկեհաններիցս

կարկեհաններովս

կարկեհանումս

կարկեհաններումս

կարկեհաններդ

կարկեհաններիդ

կարկեհաններիցդ

կարկեհաններովդ

կարկեհանումդ

կարկեհաններումդ

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian կարկեհան (karkehan).


կարկեհան

karkehan (romanization)
կարկեհան (nominative singular)
կարկեհանք (nominative plural)
կարկեհանի (genitive singular)
կարկեհանաց (genitive plural)
կարկեհանի (dative singular)
կարկեհանաց (dative plural)
կարկեհան (accusative singular)
կարկեհանս (accusative plural)
կարկեհանէ (ablative singular)
կարկեհանաց (ablative plural)
կարկեհանաւ (instrumental singular)
կարկեհանի (locative singular)
կարկեհանս (locative plural)

xcl-decl-noun

կարկեհանաւք = կարկեհանօք

desc

→ Armenian: կարկեհան (karkehan) (learned)

An Iranian borrowing. See Arabic كَرْكَنْد (karkand) for more.

Եւ կարգն երկրորդ՝ կարկեհան եւ շափիղա եւ յասպիս։
Ew kargn erkrord, karkehan ew šapʻiła ew yaspis.

And the second row, a carbuncle, a sapphire, and a jasper.

Translation by Brenton Septuagint Translation


हिरा

head

हिरा • (hirā) m

mr-noun

हिरा • (hirā) m

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘮𑘲𑘨𑘰 (hīrā), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀳𑀻𑀭 (hīra) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit हीरक (hīraka), from हीर (hīra, “thunderbolt”). Cognate with Gujarati હીરો (hīro), Hindustani ہِیرَا (hīrā) / हीरा (hīrā), Sindhi هيِرو / हीरो, Punjabi ਹੀਰਾ (hīrā) / ہِیرا (hīrā), Bengali হীরা (hira), Assamese হীৰা (hira).


یاقوت کبود

head

یاقوتهای کبود

یاقوت کبود • (yâqut-e kabud) (plural یاقوتهای کبود (yâqut-hâ-ye kabud))

fa-noun

یاقوتهای کبود

yâqut-e kabud (romanization)
یاقوتهای کبود (plural)

fa:یاقوت کبود


malakit

malakit (indefinite nominative singular)
malakits (genitive indefinite singular)
malakiten (definite nominative singular)
malakitens (definite genitive singular)
malakiter (indefinite nominative plural)
malakiters (genitive indefinite plural)
malakiterna (definite nominative plural)
malakiternas (definite genitive plural)

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochītis, from Ancient Greek μολόχη (molókhē, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).


ᡨᠠᠨᠠ

→ Pyongan Korean: 타내 (tanae, “earring”)

desc

→⇒ Hamgyong Korean: 월귀탄 (wolgwitan, “earring”)

From Middle Mongol, compare Mongolian тана (tana, “mother-of-pearl”).

cog

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡨᠠᠨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᡵᡝ
ᡥᡡᡩᠠᡧᠠᡵᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ᠈
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᡥᡡᡩᠠ
ᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡨᠠᠨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᡥᠠᡶᡳ᠈
ᡳᠨᡩᡝ
ᠪᡳᠰᡳᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠪᡝ
ᠶᠣᠣᠨᡳ
ᡠᠨᠴᠠᡶᡳ᠈
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᡨᠠᠨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡠᡩᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ᠉

1835, S. V. Lipovtsov, transl., Musei ejen isus heristos i tutabuha ice hese [The New Testament of Our Lord Jesus Christ]:

The kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, seeking goodly pearls: Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it.

abkai gurun sain tana be baire hūdašara niyalma de adali, tere hūda mangga tana be baime bahafi, inde bisirengge be yooni uncafi, tere tana be udahabi.

pearl, especially valuable freshwater pearls found in Northeastern China


ajourinnfatta

head

ajourinnfatta (neuter singular ajourinnfattet or ajourinnfatta, definite singular and plural ajourinnfatta or ajourinnfattete or ajourinnfattede, comparative mer ajourinnfattet, superlative mest ajourinnfattet)

ajourinnfattet (neuter singular)
ajourinnfatta (neuter singular)
ajourinnfatta (definite plural singular)
ajourinnfattete (definite plural singular)
ajourinnfattede (definite plural singular)
mer ajourinnfattet (comparative)
mest ajourinnfattet (superlative)

à jour + innfatta, first part from French à jour (“up-to-date”), first part from Middle French [Term?], from Old French a (“to”), from Latin ad (“to”), from Proto-Italic *ad (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to”) + from French jour (“day”), from Old French jorn, jor (“day”), from Latin diurnum [tempus], from diurnus (“daily”), from earlier *diusnus, from both diūs, from Old Latin, from Proto-Italic *djous (“day”) from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“sky,”), from earlier *dyéws, from *dyew- (“sky”) and *s + and from -nus, from Proto-Italic *-nos, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.
Last part past participle of innfatte (“enclose, enframe”), from both the word inn (“in, inside, into”), from Old Norse inn (“in, into”), from Proto-Germanic *inn (“in, into”), from *in (“in, into”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én + and from Middle Low German vaten.

(jewelry) enframed so that the top and bottom are free