adamant

English: adamant

Scots: adamant (obsolete)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamantem, accusative of adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas). Doublet of dyamaunt and adamas.


adamant

adamant (nominative singular)
adamanty (nominative plural)
adamantu (genitive singular)
adament (accusative singular)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “invincible”). First attested in 1525. Doublet of diament.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “adamas”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


aquamarine

From Latin aqua marīna (“sea water”), adjective form from mare (“sea”).


azure

en-noun

azure (countable and uncountable, plural azures)

From Middle English asure, from Old French azur, derived from Arabic لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward, “lapis lazuli”), dropping the l as if it were equivalent to the French article l’. The Arabic is from Classical Persian لاجورد (lājward, “lapis lazuli”), from the region of Lajward in Badakhshan.
Compare with Italian azzurro and Spanish azul.


amethyst

From Middle English ametist, from Old French ametiste (French améthyste), from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “not drunk”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μεθύω (methúō, “I am drunk”), from μέθυ (méthu, “wine”). The Greeks believed that the amethyst prevented intoxication.

The Field is Topaz, a Lion rampant Amethyst [...]

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd, page 407:

Purple, on the arms of princes Mercury, of peers amethyst, and of commoners purpure, [is represented] by diagonal lines from the sinister chief to the dexter base.

1834, The Art of Heraldry; Explaining the Origin and Use of Arms and Armorial Bearings, Etc, page 14:

1st & 4th grand Quarter alike viz. Field Pearl, on a bend Sapphire 3 Buckheads, coup'd topaz for Stanley. The 2d Quarter, Field Sapphire with an inverted Chief, amethyst. The 3d, A Checque topaz & Amethyst, this seems prior to Bosworth field, to have belong'd to Sr Robt Goushill whose Dr a Stanley married …

1906 (printed), The Beetham Repository, 1770 (eds. William Hutton, John Rawlinson Ford), page 115

(heraldry) The tincture purpure, when blazoning by precious stones.


amethyst

amethystau (plural)
amethyst
hamethyst (prothesis-h)


turquoise

en-adj

turquoise (comparative more turquoise, superlative most turquoise)

more turquoise (comparative)
most turquoise (superlative)

From Middle French turquoise, from Old French (pierre) turquoise (“Turkish (stone)”), from turc + -ois. The stone, mined near Nishapur in the Khorasan region of Persia, was originally brought to Europe through Turkey. Doublet of Turkish.


turquoise

Greek: τυρκουάζ (tyrkouáz)

Turkish: turkuaz

Romanian: turcoază (stone)

Inherited from Old French turquois, from turc + -ois.


sapphire

en-noun

sapphire (countable and uncountable, plural sapphires)

→ Tokelauan: hafaila

→ Welsh: saffir

From Middle English saphir, from Old French saphir, from Latin sapphir, sappir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “precious stone, gem”), from a Semitic language such as Hebrew סַפִּיר (sappī́r, “lapis lazuli”), originally from Assyrian Akkadian šipirtu (“lapis lazuli”).

cog

Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; […]

1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296:

3. Saphire, ten Bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, by the Bisset.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504:

(2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire.

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71:

Topaz, on a Cross, Sapphire, a Crosier thrust through a Mitre, Topaz.

1756, Francis Nichols, The Irish Compendium, Or, Rudiments of Honour, Containing the Descent, Marriage, Isssue, Titles, Posts, and Seats, of All the Nobility of Ireland..., page 440:

(heraldry) Azure, when blazoning by precious stones.


ruby

en-noun

ruby (countable and uncountable, plural rubies)

From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.


ruby

English: ruby

Borrowed from Old French rubi, itself borrowed from Latin rubeus.


amber

amber (countable and uncountable, plural ambers)

red

antonym(s) of “intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights”

From Middle English ambre, aumbre, from Old French aumbre, ambre, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (ʾnbl /ambar/, “ambergris”). Compare English lamber, ambergris. Displaced Middle English smulting (from Old English smelting (“amber”)), Old English eolhsand (“amber”), Old English glær (“amber”), and Old English sāp (“amber, resin, pomade”).
* The nucleotide sequence "UAG" is named "amber" for the first person to isolate the amber mutation, California Institute of Technology graduate student Harris Bernstein, whose last name ("Bernstein") is the German word for the resin "amber".

ambergris

obsolete: the waxy product of the sperm whale

With scarfs and fans and double change of bravery,
With amber bracelets, beads, and all this knavery.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

Slanders, sir: for the satirical rogue says here that old men have grey beards, that their faces are wrinkled, their eyes purging thick amber and plum-tree gum and that they have a plentiful lack of wit.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

To shew this by example, we reade of Sabina Poppcea, to whom nothing was wanting, but shame and honestie, being extremely beloved of Nero, had the colour of her haire yellow, like Amber, which Nero esteemed much of, […] .

1637, Monro, his expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment (called Mac-Keys Regiment), republished in 1999 →ISBN, page 102

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […]. (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 7, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight.


emerald

en-noun

emerald (countable and uncountable, plural emeralds)

→ Welsh: emrald, emrallt

From Middle English emeraude, borrowed from Old French esmeraude, from Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language. Compare Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת (bāréqeṯ, “emerald, flashing gem”), Akkadian 𒁀𒊏𒄣 (baraqu, literally “scintillation”), Arabic بَرْق (barq, literally “flashing”), Egyptian bwyrqꜣ (literally “to sparkle”):D58-Z7-Z4:D21-N29-Z1-G1-D6 and loanwords with Semitic etymon such as Sanskrit मरकत (marakata) and Persian زمرد (zomorrod) (whence Turkish zümrüt and Russian изумру́д (izumrúd)).

cog

16. As the first. Crest, on a Mount Emerald, a Falcon rising Topaz.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd, page 504:

Crest. On a Wreath, a demi Dragon, Emerald, armed and langued, Roby [...] Supporters. Two Dragons reguardant, Emerald, [...]

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 212:

Some of the lagoons, said to have subterranean outlets, have no visible ones; the inclosing island, in such cases, being a complete zone of emerald.

1847 March 30, Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

(heraldry) Vert, when blazoning by precious stones.


jargon

→ Catalan: jargó

→ English: jargoon

→ German: Jargon

→ Greek: γιαρκόν (giarkón)

→ Russian: жарго́н (žargón)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жаргон

Latin script: žargon, jargon

→ Spanish: jergón

Borrowed from Italian giargone. Doublet of zircon.


coral

en-noun

coral (countable and uncountable, plural corals)

From Old French coral (French corail), from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion, “coral”). Probably ultimately of Semitic origin, compare Hebrew גּוֹרָל (goral, “small pebble”), Arabic جَرَل (jaral, “small stone”), originally referring to the red variety found in the Mediterranean. Since ancient times, a common folk etymology, accepted by some earlier scholars, connected the word instead to Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē) (referring to Medusa). Beekes mentions both theories and considers the Semitic one convincing.

der

coral:

The coral faded even from her lips, till they were as white as Leo's face, and quivered pitifully.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(countable) A somewhat yellowish orange-pink color; the color of red coral (Corallium rubrum) of the Mediterranean Sea, commonly used as an ornament or gem.


gem

cy-noun

gem m or f (plural gemau, diminutive gemyn or gemen)

gemau (plural)
gemyn (diminutive)
gemen (diminutive)
gem
em (soft)
ngem


琀

(historical) gems and pearls put into the mouth of a corpse


diamond

en-noun

diamond (countable and uncountable, plural diamonds)

From Middle English dyamaunt, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, from Latin adamas, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “diamond”). Doublet of adamant. The printing sense is a calque of Dutch diamant, used by Dirck Voskens who first cut it around 1700; compare pearl, ruby (“size of type between pearl and nonpareil”).

der

What a beautiful engagement diamond.


agate

en-noun

agate (countable and uncountable, plural agates)

From Middle French agathe, from Latin achatēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs, “agate”).

The ends of the veil, drawn over her head, were embroidered with silver; she had long gold ear-rings; to a rich and large gold chain was suspended a cross set with precious stones; and over the arm of her chair hung a rosary of agate beads.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 9:

Yes: living among the cohabations^([sic]) of Faust himself, among the litharge and agate and hyacinth and pearls.

1947, Malcolm Lowry, Under the Volcano, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, page 86:

(countable, uncountable, mineralogy) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.


agate

Borrowed from Spanish ágata, from Old French agathe, from Latin achates, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs).


jade

jade (usually uncountable, plural jades)

Borrowed from French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”). (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side.)

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.

jade:

A bright shade of slightly bluish or greyish green, typical of polished jade stones.


jade

From Middle English jade, chade, either a variant of yaud or merely influenced by it. Yaud derives from Old Norse jalda (“mare”), from a Uralic language, such as Moksha эльде (eľďe) or Erzya эльде (eľďe). See yaud for more.

Shee hath more qualities then a Water-Spaniell, […] Shee can fetch and carry: why a horſe can doe no more; nay, a horſe cannot fetch, but onely carry, therefore is ſhee better then a Iade.

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 30, column 2:

[F]requent jot / Of his hard ſetting jade did ſo confound / The vvords that he by papyr-ſtealth had got, / That their loſt ſenſe the youngſter could not ſound, / Though he vvith mimical attention did abound.

1640 (date written), H[enry] M[ore], “ΨΥΧΟΖΩΙΑ [Psychozōia], or A Christiano-platonicall Display of Life, […]”, in ΨΥΧΩΔΙΑ [Psychōdia] Platonica: Or A Platonicall Song of the Soul, […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel, printer to the Universitie, published 1642, →OCLC, book 2, stanza 47, page 26:

Let that be as it may, as my purpoſe is to do exact juſtice to every creature brought upon the ſtage of this dramatic work,—I could not ſtifle this diſtinction in favour of Don Quixote’s horſe;—in all other points the parſon’s horſe, I ſay, was juſt ſuch another,—for he was as lean, and as lank, and as ſorry a jade, as Humility herſelf could have beſtrided.

1759, [Laurence Sterne], chapter X, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, 2nd (1st London) edition, volume I, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 36:

My horse would have trotted to Clifton within the hour, if left to himself, and I have almost broke my arm with pulling him in to that cursed broken-winded jade’s pace.

1803 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter X, in Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 201:

The king had no other horse to give him but an old jade, for his six brothers and their men had taken all the other horses, but Ashiepattle did not mind that; he mounted the shabby old nag.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H. L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 55:


jade

en-verb

jade (third-person singular simple present jades, present participle jading, simple past and past participle jaded)

jades (present singular third-person)
jading (participle present)
jaded (participle past)
jaded (past)

[T]he Mind once jaded by an attempt above its Power, it either is diſabl'd for the future, or elſe checks at any vigorous Undertaking ever after, at leaſt is very hardly brought to exert its Force again on any Subject that requires Thought and Meditation.

a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC, § 27, page 84:

To fatigue, tire, or weary (someone or something).

преуморявам

to fatigue, tire, or weary — see also fatigue, tire


jade

jade (nominative singular)
jadet (nominative plural)
jade (accusative nominative singular)
jadet (accusative nominative plural)
jaden (accusative genitive singular)
jadet (accusative genitive plural)
jaden (genitive singular)
jadejen (genitive plural)
jadein (genitive plural rare)
jadea (partitive singular)
jadeja (partitive plural)
jadessa (inessive singular)
jadeissa (inessive plural)
jadesta (elative singular)
jadeista (elative plural)
jadeen (illative singular)
jadeihin (illative plural)
jadella (adessive singular)
jadeilla (adessive plural)
jadelta (ablative singular)
jadeilta (ablative plural)
jadelle (allative singular)
jadeille (allative plural)
jadena (essive singular)
jadeina (essive plural)
jadeksi (singular translative)
jadeiksi (plural translative)
jadetta (abessive singular)
jadeitta (abessive plural)
jadein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jadeni (nominative singular)
jadeni (nominative plural)
jadeni (accusative nominative singular)
jadeni (accusative nominative plural)
jadeni (accusative genitive singular)
jadeni (accusative genitive plural)
jadeni (genitive singular)
jadejeni (genitive plural)
jadeini (genitive plural rare)
jadeani (partitive singular)
jadejani (partitive plural)
jadessani (inessive singular)
jadeissani (inessive plural)
jadestani (elative singular)
jadeistani (elative plural)
jadeeni (illative singular)
jadeihini (illative plural)
jadellani (adessive singular)
jadeillani (adessive plural)
jadeltani (ablative singular)
jadeiltani (ablative plural)
jadelleni (allative singular)
jadeilleni (allative plural)
jadenani (essive singular)
jadeinani (essive plural)
jadekseni (singular translative)
jadeikseni (plural translative)
jadettani (abessive singular)
jadeittani (abessive plural)
jadeineni (comitative plural)
jadesi (nominative singular)
jadesi (nominative plural)
jadesi (accusative nominative singular)
jadesi (accusative nominative plural)
jadesi (accusative genitive singular)
jadesi (accusative genitive plural)
jadesi (genitive singular)
jadejesi (genitive plural)
jadeisi (genitive plural rare)
jadeasi (partitive singular)
jadejasi (partitive plural)
jadessasi (inessive singular)
jadeissasi (inessive plural)
jadestasi (elative singular)
jadeistasi (elative plural)
jadeesi (illative singular)
jadeihisi (illative plural)
jadellasi (adessive singular)
jadeillasi (adessive plural)
jadeltasi (ablative singular)
jadeiltasi (ablative plural)
jadellesi (allative singular)
jadeillesi (allative plural)
jadenasi (essive singular)
jadeinasi (essive plural)
jadeksesi (singular translative)
jadeiksesi (plural translative)
jadettasi (abessive singular)
jadeittasi (abessive plural)
jadeinesi (comitative plural)
jademme (nominative singular)
jademme (nominative plural)
jademme (accusative nominative singular)
jademme (accusative nominative plural)
jademme (accusative genitive singular)
jademme (accusative genitive plural)
jademme (genitive singular)
jadejemme (genitive plural)
jadeimme (genitive plural rare)
jadeamme (partitive singular)
jadejamme (partitive plural)
jadessamme (inessive singular)
jadeissamme (inessive plural)
jadestamme (elative singular)
jadeistamme (elative plural)
jadeemme (illative singular)
jadeihimme (illative plural)
jadellamme (adessive singular)
jadeillamme (adessive plural)
jadeltamme (ablative singular)
jadeiltamme (ablative plural)
jadellemme (allative singular)
jadeillemme (allative plural)
jadenamme (essive singular)
jadeinamme (essive plural)
jadeksemme (singular translative)
jadeiksemme (plural translative)
jadettamme (abessive singular)
jadeittamme (abessive plural)
jadeinemme (comitative plural)
jadenne (nominative singular)
jadenne (nominative plural)
jadenne (accusative nominative singular)
jadenne (accusative nominative plural)
jadenne (accusative genitive singular)
jadenne (accusative genitive plural)
jadenne (genitive singular)
jadejenne (genitive plural)
jadeinne (genitive plural rare)
jadeanne (partitive singular)
jadejanne (partitive plural)
jadessanne (inessive singular)
jadeissanne (inessive plural)
jadestanne (elative singular)
jadeistanne (elative plural)
jadeenne (illative singular)
jadeihinne (illative plural)
jadellanne (adessive singular)
jadeillanne (adessive plural)
jadeltanne (ablative singular)
jadeiltanne (ablative plural)
jadellenne (allative singular)
jadeillenne (allative plural)
jadenanne (essive singular)
jadeinanne (essive plural)
jadeksenne (singular translative)
jadeiksenne (plural translative)
jadettanne (abessive singular)
jadeittanne (abessive plural)
jadeinenne (comitative plural)
jadensa (nominative singular)
jadensa (nominative plural)
jadensa (accusative nominative singular)
jadensa (accusative nominative plural)
jadensa (accusative genitive singular)
jadensa (accusative genitive plural)
jadensa (genitive singular)
jadejensa (genitive plural)
jadeinsa (genitive plural rare)
jadeaan (partitive singular)
jadeansa (partitive singular)
jadejaan (partitive plural)
jadejansa (partitive plural)
jadessaan (inessive singular)
jadessansa (inessive singular)
jadeissaan (inessive plural)
jadeissansa (inessive plural)
jadestaan (elative singular)
jadestansa (elative singular)
jadeistaan (elative plural)
jadeistansa (elative plural)
jadeensa (illative singular)
jadeihinsa (illative plural)
jadellaan (adessive singular)
jadellansa (adessive singular)
jadeillaan (adessive plural)
jadeillansa (adessive plural)
jadeltaan (ablative singular)
jadeltansa (ablative singular)
jadeiltaan (ablative plural)
jadeiltansa (ablative plural)
jadelleen (allative singular)
jadellensa (allative singular)
jadeilleen (allative plural)
jadeillensa (allative plural)
jadenaan (essive singular)
jadenansa (essive singular)
jadeinaan (essive plural)
jadeinansa (essive plural)
jadekseen (singular translative)
jadeksensa (singular translative)
jadeikseen (plural translative)
jadeiksensa (plural translative)
jadettaan (abessive singular)
jadettansa (abessive singular)
jadeittaan (abessive plural)
jadeittansa (abessive plural)
jadeineen (comitative plural)
jadeinensa (comitative plural)


jade

→ Catalan: jade

→ English: jade

→ German: Jade

→ Italian: giada

→ Portuguese: jade

→ Romanian: jad

→ Spanish: jade

Rebracketed from earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).


jade

Borrowed from French jade, back formation from le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (literally “flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).


galaxias

[ɡäˈɫ̪äks̠iäːs̠]

Alternative form of Galaxias; the Galaxy, the Milky Way


azurite

/ˈæʒ.əˌɹaɪt/

/ˈæʒ.(j)ʊəɹˌaɪt/

/ˈæʒ(j)ʊˌɹaɪt/

From Persian لاژورد (lâžvard, “blue color”).

(mineralogy) A blue vitreous mineral; a basic hydrated copper carbonate, with the chemical formula Cu²⁺₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂, used since antiquity as a blue pigment or ores to extract metallic copper.


adamantine

English: adamantine

From Latin adamantinus; equivalent to adamant + -ine.


aventurine

en-noun

aventurine (countable and uncountable, plural aventurines)

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃəˌɹin/

Borrowed from French aventurine, from Italian avventurino, from avventurare (“to venture; to make lucky or prosperous”), from avventura (“chance; adventure, venture”) + -are (suffix forming the infinitive of most regular verbs), apparently so named because it was discovered by accident in Murano, Italy, when brass or copper filings were dropped into melted glass (see, however, the 1843 quotation).

The Sandaresus, an Arabian stone, classed by Pliny [the Elder] among the Carbunculi, seems to have been our Aventurine, for he describes it as full of golden stars shining through a transparent substance, not from the surface, but from within the body of the stone. The true Aventurine, or Goldie-stone, is a brownish semi-transparent quartz, full of specks of yellow mica.

1860, C[harles] W[illiam] King, “Aventurine”, in Antique Gems: Their Origin, Uses, and Value as Interpreters of Ancient History; and as Illustrative of Ancient Art: With Hints to Gem Collectors, London: John Murray, […], section I (Materials), page 63:

Aventurine is a variety of grainy quartz,—not quarts of rye whiskey, which there is too much of a venture in,—but quartz of silica, gold-spangled throughout with flakes of yellow mica. [...] There are two kinds of natural aventurine; the one with its spangles of yellow mica is well known as Muscovite talc. It was found on the shores of the White Sea in old times, and is now met with often in the mines of Silesia, in Bohemia, in France, and in Siberia. The other variety, more highly esteemed, is found in Spain and in Scotland. [...] Dealers have given the name of aventurine to a species of feldspar having the same external characteristics, and sold for the genuine, though a much softer stone. Such dealers are not honest.

1872 July, George S. Burleigh, “Precious Stones. IX. Aventurine and Lapis-lazuli.”, in Oliver Optic [pseudonym; William Taylor Adams], editor, Oliver Optic’s Magazine. Our Boys and Girls, volume XII, number 228, Boston, Mass.: Lee and Shepard, publishers; New York, N.Y.: Lee, Shepard and Dillingham, →OCLC, page 477, column 2:

[F]rom out the silken curtain-folds / Bare-footed and bare-headed three fair girls / In gilt and rosy raiment came: their feet / In dewy grasses glisten'd; and the hair / All over glanced with dewdrop or with gem / Like sparkles in the stone Avanturine.

1874, Alfred Tennyson, “Gareth and Lynette”, in Idylls of the King (The Works of Alfred Tennyson; V), cabinet edition, London: Henry S. King & Co., […], →OCLC, page 73:

During this period of two centuries little colour was employed in the lacquer-work, but much gold was used; and those particular kinds of work in which "clouded" gold effects, avanturines, and tesselated gold are introduced, as well as low-relief modelling of a most perfect kind, were invented and brought to a high state of perfection.

1882, Christopher Dresser, “The Lacquer Manufactures”, in Japan: Its Architecture, Art, and Art Manufactures, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, pages 346–347:

Quartz with spangled inclusions is known as aventurine. The included minerals are scales of shiny mica or hematite. The most familiar aventurine is of a reddish-yellow color and has a coppery sheen. Only small quantities of aventurine have been found in the United States.

1957, Dorothy M[cKenney] Schlegel, “Semiprecious Gems”, in Gem Stones of the United States (Contributions to Economic Geology; Geological Survey Bulletin; 1042-G), Washington, D.C.: Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior; United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 222:

He stood up and gloomily opened a little silver-gilt box, its lid studded with aventurines. It was full of violet sweetmeats; he took one, feeling it with his fingers as he reflected upon the strange properties of this bonbon whose sugar-coating looked like hoar-frost; [...]

1998, Joris-Karl Huysmans, chapter 9, in Margaret Mauldon, transl., edited by Nicholas White, Against Nature (A rebours) (Oxford World’s Classics), Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 84:

Aventurin is also the name of a variety of quartz spangled with mica or other shiny mineral. A variety of spangled feldspar, found especially in Russia, and when polished used as a gem and highly prized, is also called Aventurin or popularly "sunstone".

2003, “The Mineral Kingdom. Dictionary of Gems, Jewels, Precious Metals and Minerals, with Their Significance and Use in the Superstition and Folklore of All Countries”, in Cora Linn Daniels, C[harles] M[acClellan] Stevans, editors, Encyclopædia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World: […], volume II, Honolulu, Hi.: University Press of the Pacific, →ISBN, page 724, column 1:

When I pulled off the lid, I found a leather bracelet inside. Its center held a pretty brass flower, painted white with soft pink tips on the petals, just like clover. On either side of the brass clover flower, one of the bracelet's leather strands had been strung with shimmering green rocks. "Those are aventurines," Peavine said when I touched one smooth stone. "They're for courage and luck. You got a lot of the first, but I figured you could use some of the second."

2015, Susan Vaught, “Three Weeks Later”, in Footer Davis Might be Probably is Crazy (A Paula Wiseman Book), New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, →ISBN, pages 226–227:

(mineralogy, by extension) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.


amethystus

la-noun

amethystus f (genitive amethystī); second declension

amethystī (genitive)
amethystus (nominative singular)
amethystī (nominative plural)
amethystī (genitive singular)
amethystōrum (genitive plural)
amethystō (dative singular)
amethystīs (dative plural)
amethystum (accusative singular)
amethystōs (accusative plural)
amethystō (ablative singular)
amethystīs (ablative plural)
amethyste (singular vocative)
amethystī (plural vocative)

Catalan: ametista

Old French: ametiste

→ Middle English: ametist

English: amethyst

French: améthyste

→ Middle High German: ametiste

German: Amethyst

→ Irish: aimitis

Italian: ametista

→ Polish: ametyst

Portuguese: ametista

Romanian: ametist

→ Russian: амети́ст m (ametíst)

Spanish: amatista

→ Tagalog: amatista

[ämɛˈt̪ʰʏs̠t̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos).


sapphirus

sapphīrus f (genitive sapphīrī); second declension

sapphīrus (canonical feminine)
sapphīrī (genitive)
sapphīrus (nominative singular)
sapphīrī (nominative plural)
sapphīrī (genitive singular)
sapphīrōrum (genitive plural)
sapphīrō (dative singular)
sapphīrīs (dative plural)
sapphīrum (accusative singular)
sapphīrōs (accusative plural)
sapphīrō (ablative singular)
sapphīrīs (ablative plural)
sapphīre (singular vocative)
sapphīrī (plural vocative)

desctree

French: saphir
→ Romanian: safir n
→ Turkish: safir

Italian: zaffiro
→ Greek: ζαφείρι (zafeíri)

Spanish: zafiro

From Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).

(Classical Latin, originally) a blue gem from the east, probably the lapis lazuli


tanzanite

en-noun

tanzanite (countable and uncountable, plural tanzanites)

From Tanzania + -ite (suffix forming nouns denoting minerals or rocks), coined by Henry B. Platt, a vice president of the American jeweler Tiffany & Co. when it first marketed the gem in 1968: see the October 3, 1968, quotation.

suffix

For those to whom gems light the way, a brand new semi-precious stone will be seen for the first time. Called "Tanzanite," the stone was discovered recently in Tanzania. A blue, very much like sapphire, with a slight violet cast, it is exclusive with Tiffany.

1968 October 1, Margene Morris, “Tiffany gets a new home”, in San Francisco Examiner, number 80, San Francisco, Calif.: San Francisco Newspaper Print Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 22, column 2:

Last February the new gem was spotted by Harry Platt. […] Just what happened to zoisite in one certain mine in Tanzania, near the Kenya border, nobody knows. Harry Platt bought as many of the freak stones as he could find and had them cut and polished especially for Tiffany. He named the stone tanzanite for its native country. […] None of the Tiffany tanzanites are the same color. They shade from the vivid marine blue of the 48-carat stone to the soft gray blue of a star sapphire. Characteristic of all of them are the purple or green flashes inside the tanzanites when they are held up to the light.

1968 October 3, Eugenia Sheppard, “Inside Fashion: Something new at Tiffany’s is Tanzanian blue gem”, in Durham Morning Herald, final edition, Durham, N.C.: The Durham Herald Co., →OCLC, section B, page 2B, columns 1–2:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

2012 March–April, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-19, page 128:

A trichroic violet-blue variety of the mineral zoisite mined in Tanzania, used as a gemstone.


νεφρίτης

head

νεφρίτης • (nefrítis) m (plural νεφρίτες)

nefrítis (romanization)
νεφρίτες (plural)
νεφρίτης (nominative singular)
νεφρίτες (nominative plural)
νεφρίτη (genitive singular)
νεφριτών (genitive plural)
νεφρίτη (accusative singular)
νεφρίτες (accusative plural)
νεφρίτη (singular vocative)
νεφρίτες (plural vocative)


garnet

en-noun

garnet (countable and uncountable, plural garnets)

From Middle English gernet, granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”). Doublet of grenade.

How many needles Betty Flanders had lost there! and her garnet brooch.

1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, page 127:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 7, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.


garnet

From English garnet, from Middle English granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”).

(mineralogy) a hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives


beryl

beryl (countable and uncountable, plural beryls)

Inherited from Middle English beryl, from Old French beril, from Latin bērillus, bēryllus, from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”).

der

The sunset had been magnificent, and the Thames was floating in dark radiance; the waves wearing that transparent clearness, which gives more the idea of melted beryl, than aught else: every little circle in the water had that trembling light which characterises precious stones.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 57:

(uncountable, mineralogy) A mineral of pegmatite deposits, often used as a gemstone (molecular formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈).


opal

In Florio’s A World of Words 1598 as opale, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”). Distantly related to over.

أُوبَال

a mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity

(mineralogy) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity, of the chemical formula SiO₂·nH₂O.

(gemology) A precious gem, an iridescent gemstone found in the opal-silica mineral substrate (potch)


opal

From English opal, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”).


onyx

en-noun

onyx (countable and uncountable, plural onyxes)

From Middle English onix (c. 1300), earlier oniche (c. 1250), from Old French oniche or onix, from Latin onyx, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “onyx”). Doublet of unguis.

People talk about using marble in the bathrooms. Marble wasn't good enough for use—we have onyx!

2023 September 23, Tom Robbins, “Suite dreams”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 1:

(mineralogy) A banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz.


onyx

la-noun

onyx m (genitive onychis); third declension

onychis (genitive)
onyx (nominative singular)
onychēs (nominative plural)
onychis (genitive singular)
onychum (genitive plural)
onychī (dative singular)
onychibus (dative plural)
onychem (accusative singular)
onychēs (accusative plural)
onyche (ablative singular)
onychibus (ablative plural)
onyx (singular vocative)
onychēs (plural vocative)


zircon

en-noun

zircon (countable and uncountable, plural zircons)

From German Zirkon, possibly via French zircon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of jargoon.

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […]. (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

(uncountable) A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or grey colour and consisting of silica and zirconia.


zircon

Borrowed from German Zirkon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of jargon.


zircon

zircon (accusative indefinite nominative)
zirconul (accusative definite nominative)
zircon (indefinite)
zirconului (definite)
zirconule (vocative)


nacre

mother-of-pearl (the hard pearly inner layer of certain mollusk shells)


mother-of-pearl

mother-of-pearl (countable and uncountable, plural mother-of-pearls)

/ˌmʌðəɹ əv ˈpɜː(ɹ)l/

Calque of Latin māter perlārum, with the first element perhaps connected in popular imagination with obsolete mother (“dregs”). Possibly referring to the fact that the nacre-lined shells are the belly (“mother”) in which pearls are produced.


labradorite

labradorite (usually uncountable, plural labradorites)

/ˈlæb.ɹəˌdɔɹˌaɪt/

/ˌlæb.ɹəˈdɔɹˌaɪt/

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar mineral, calcium sodium aluminum silicate, often very coarsely crystalline, used as a decorative stone for carvings and building façades.


morganite

morganite (countable and uncountable, plural morganites)

(mineralogy) A gemstone of pegmatite deposits. Morganite is a transparent pink variety of beryl.


pearl

pearl (countable and uncountable, plural pearls)

Horace
Jean Jannon
New Testament
Vergil
en:pearl
en:pearl (disambiguation)
en:pearl (typography)

From Middle English perle, from Old French perle of uncertain etymology. Probably via unattested Medieval Latin *pernula, from Latin perna (“haunch; a marine bivalve shaped like a leg of lamb”) but also derived from Medieval Latin perla, from Latin perula (“little bag”). Its typographic use follows the name given by Jean Jannon to the type used in his miniature editions of Vergil, Horace, & the New Testament in the 1620s, which were the smallest printed works to his time. Its surfing use derives from the supposed resemblance to pearl diving.

der

A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Round lustrous pearls are used in jewellery.

налкъвыт-налма́с

rounded shelly concretion produced by certain mollusks

(uncountable, typography, printing, dated) The size of type between diamond and agate, standardized as 5-point.

There is gold, and multitude of pearles: but a precious vessel the lips of knowledge.

1635, Douay Rheims Bible, Proverbs 20:15

Errol. Pearl three Escutcheons Ruby. / Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; and the Field Topaz, and Saltier, and Chief Ruby, was the Arms of King Robert the Bruce, they altering the Field from Pearl (as he bore it) to Topaz.

1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296:

The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. The Armes of the most Noble and Puissant Lord, Edward Brabazon, Earl of Meath, and Baron of Atherdee in the Kingdom of Ireland. His Lordship's Atchievements are Quarterly of sixteen Coats. 1. Brabazon, as above. 2. Diamond, on a Chevron between three Pickaxes Pearl, as many Mullets Ruby, by the Name of Mosley. 3. Saphire, ten Bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, by the Bisset. 4. Pearl, on a Bend Diamond, nine Annulets conjoined in three Links Topaz.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504:

(1) Pearl, a Cross, Ruby, with the Effigies of our Saviour thereon, Topaz, born in Memory of one of the Family's fighting against the Turks.

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71:

(heraldry) Argent, in blazoning by precious stones.


quartz

en-noun

quartz (countable and uncountable, plural quartzes)

→ Malay: kuarza

From German Quarz, from Middle High German (Central East German) quarz, twarc, from a West Slavic language [compare Polish twardy (“hard”), Czech tvrdý (“hard”)], from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ.

The telescope and collimator have each an object-glass consisting of a single lens of quartz 1½ inch diameter and a focal length of 18½ inches for the sodium yellow light, but not more than 16 inches for the highest rays measured.

1883, George Downing Liveing, James Dewar, “On the Ultra-Violet Spectra of the Elements”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 174, Barrison and Sons, part I, page 188:

Subsequently, the old Malay brought him the present specimen in a state of torpidity, telling him he had found it in a cavity of the quartz reef.

1892 April 7, Armiger Barczinsky, “The Golden Snail”, in Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave), editor, The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 272, page 331:

My meat eats me. Who waits at the gate? / Mother of quartz, your words writhe into my ear. / Renew the light, lewd whisper.

1948, Theodore Roethke, “The Shape of the Fire”, in The Lost Son and Other Poems; republished in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke, 1975, →ISBN, page 62:

(mineralogy) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO₂. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.


quartz

→ Catalan: quars

Borrowed from German Quarz, from a West Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ (“hard”).


ametista

From Latin amethystus, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “remedy against inebriation”), from ἀ- (a-) (privative prefix) + μεθύειν (methúein, “to become inebriated”).


ametista

Borrowed from Latin amethystus f, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “not drunk”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μεθύω (methúō, “to be drunk”), from μέθυ (méthu, “wine”).


zaffiro

From Late Latin sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “lapis lazuli”).


zaffiro

→ Greek: ζαφείρι (zafeíri)


zircone

Borrowed from German Zirkonium (“zirconium”), from German Zirkon (“zircon”), both formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn).


hyacinth

From Middle English jacinth, partly from Old French jacincte, from Medieval Latin jacintus, and partly from Old English iacinþ, from Medieval Latin jacinthus, both from Latin hyacinthus, from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “any of several dark blue flowers”), ultimately from a non-Indo-European Mediterranean language. Re-Latinized in the 16th century.

der

A variety of zircon, ranging in color from brown, orange, reddish-brown and yellow; a jacinth.


margarita

la-noun

margarīta f (genitive margarītae); first declension

margarīta (canonical feminine)
margarītae (genitive)
margarīta (nominative singular)
margarītae (nominative plural)
margarītae (genitive singular)
margarītārum (genitive plural)
margarītae (dative singular)
margarītīs (dative plural)
margarītam (accusative singular)
margarītās (accusative plural)
margarītā (ablative singular)
margarītīs (ablative plural)
margarīta (singular vocative)
margarītae (plural vocative)

desctree

French: marguerite
→ English: marguerite

→ Slovak: margaréta

Italian: margherita, margarita

Old French: meregrot

→ Middle English: margaret

Portuguese: margarida

Spanish: margarita

→ English: margarita

→ Italian: margarita

→ Tagalog: margarita

→ Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌿𐍃 (marikreitus)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *marigreutō (see there for further descendants)

Catalan: Margarida

Galician: Margarida

Italian: Margherita
→ English: Margherita, margherita

Old French: Margaret

French: Marguerite
→ English: Marguerite

Norman: Marguerite

→ English: Margaret

Portuguese: Margarida

Spanish: Margarita
→ English: Margarita

→ English: Margarita

→ German: Margarete, Margarethe

→ Latvian: Margarita

→ Norwegian: Margareta

→ Slovak: Margaréta

→ Swedish: Margareta, Margaretha

[märɡäˈriːt̪ä]

[märɡäˈriːt̪ä]

From Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs).

Et duodecim portae duodecim margaritae sunt per singulas et singulae portae erant ex singulis margaritis[…]

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Apocalypsis [Revelation] 21:21:

And the twelve gates were twelve pearls: every several gate was of one pearl: […]


brilianto

eo-head

brilianto (accusative singular brilianton, plural briliantoj, accusative plural briliantojn)

brilianton (accusative singular)
briliantoj (plural)
briliantojn (accusative plural)


heliotrope

en-noun

heliotrope (countable and uncountable, plural heliotropes)

PIE word
 *sóh₂wl̥
The noun is borrowed from French héliotrope, from Latin hēliotropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”), from Ancient Greek ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēliotrópion, “European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum); bloodstone; solar clock, sundial”), from ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “the sun”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“the sun”)) + τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”) (from τρέπω (trépō, “to rotate; to turn”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns from verbs)) + -ῐον (-ion, diminutive suffix forming nouns).
The French-derived spelling displaced Middle English elitrope, eliotropius, elitropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”) [and other forms], from Old English eliotropus, from Latin hēliotropium (see above); and Old English siġelhweorfa, sōlsece, and sunnfolgend (“heliotrope flower”).
Sense 6 (“synonym of bloodstone”) is from the fact that a piece of the mineral placed in water is said to change the sun’s rays to a blood-red colour: see the 1601 quotation.
The adjective is probably derived from the noun.

ref

From the B. A. Colonna collection, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.

nb...

eliscrope, eliotropia, elitrepie, elitropius

heliotropi

plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun

garden heliotrope

Heliotropium arborescens or Valeriana officinalis

The pretious ſtone Heliotropium, is found in Æthiopia, Affricke, and Cyprus: the ground thereof is a deepe greene in manner of a leeke, but the ſame is garniſhed vvith veins of bloud: the reaſon of the name Heliotropium is this, For that if it be throvvne into a paile of vvater, it chaungeth the raies of the Sun by vvay of reverberation into a bloudie colour, eſpecially that vvhich commeth out of Æthiopia: the ſame beeing vvithout the vvater, doth repreſent the bodie of the Sun, like unto a mirroir:[…]

[1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVII.] Of Certaine Gems Digested in Order According to the Alphabet.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 627:

Amid this dread exuberance of woe / Ran naked spirits wing'd with horrid fear, / Nor hope had they of crevice where to hide, / Or heliotrope to charm them out of view.

1814, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXIV”, in H[enry] F[rancis] Cary, transl., The Vision; or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, of Dante Alighieri. […], volume I (Hell), London: […] [J. Barfield] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 104, lines 89–92:

(countable, uncountable, mineralogy) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite”)

heliotrop

synonym of bloodstone — see also bloodstone


heliodor

heliodor (nominative singular)
heliodory (nominative plural)
heliodoru (genitive singular)
heliodorów (genitive plural)
heliodorowi (dative singular)
heliodorom (dative plural)
heliodor (accusative singular)
heliodory (accusative plural)
heliodorem (instrumental singular)
heliodorami (instrumental plural)
heliodorze (locative singular)
heliodorach (locative plural)
heliodorze (singular vocative)
heliodory (plural vocative)


smaragd

smaragd (nominative singular)
smaragdy (nominative plural)
smaragdu (genitive singular)
smaragdů (genitive plural)
smaragdu (dative singular)
smaragdům (dative plural)
smaragd (accusative singular)
smaragdy (accusative plural)
smaragde (singular vocative)
smaragdy (plural vocative)
smaragdu (locative singular)
smaragdech (locative plural)
smaragdem (instrumental singular)
smaragdy (instrumental plural)


smaragd

head

smaragd c (singular definite smaragden, plural indefinite smaragder)

smaragden (definite singular)
smaragder (indefinite plural)
smaragd (indefinite nominative singular)
smaragden (definite nominative singular)
smaragder (indefinite nominative plural)
smaragderne (definite nominative plural)
smaragds (genitive indefinite singular)
smaragdens (definite genitive singular)
smaragders (genitive indefinite plural)
smaragdernes (definite genitive plural)

[smɑˈʁɑwˀd̥]

From late Old Norse smaragdr, from Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language.


smaragd

nl-noun

smaragd m (plural smaragden, diminutive smaragdje n)

smaragden (plural)
smaragdje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: smarag

From Middle Dutch smaragd, from Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language.


smaragd

smaragdok (plural)
smaragd (nominative singular)
smaragdok (nominative plural)
smaragdot (accusative singular)
smaragdokat (accusative plural)
smaragdnak (dative singular)
smaragdoknak (dative plural)
smaragddal (instrumental singular)
smaragdokkal (instrumental plural)
smaragdért (causal-final singular)
smaragdokért (causal-final plural)
smaragddá (singular translative)
smaragdokká (plural translative)
smaragdig (singular terminative)
smaragdokig (plural terminative)
smaragdként (essive-formal singular)
smaragdokként (essive-formal plural)
smaragdban (inessive singular)
smaragdokban (inessive plural)
smaragdon (singular superessive)
smaragdokon (plural superessive)
smaragdnál (adessive singular)
smaragdoknál (adessive plural)
smaragdba (illative singular)
smaragdokba (illative plural)
smaragdra (singular sublative)
smaragdokra (plural sublative)
smaragdhoz (allative singular)
smaragdokhoz (allative plural)
smaragdból (elative singular)
smaragdokból (elative plural)
smaragdról (delative singular)
smaragdokról (delative plural)
smaragdtól (ablative singular)
smaragdoktól (ablative plural)
smaragdé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
smaragdoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
smaragdéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
smaragdokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
smaragdom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
smaragdjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
smaragdod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
smaragdjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
smaragdja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
smaragdjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
smaragdunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
smaragdjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
smaragdotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
smaragdjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
smaragdjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
smaragdjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language.


smaragd

smaragden (definite singular)
smaragder (indefinite plural)
smaragdene (definite plural)


smaragd

smaragden (definite singular)
smaragdar (indefinite plural)
smaragdane (definite plural)


smaragd

smàragd (canonical masculine)
сма̀рагд (Cyrillic)
smaragd (nominative singular)
smaragdi (nominative plural)
smaragda (genitive singular)
smaragda (genitive plural)
smaragdu (dative singular)
smaragdima (dative plural)
smaragd (accusative singular)
smaragde (accusative plural)
smaragde (singular vocative)
smaragdi (plural vocative)
smaragdu (locative singular)
smaragdima (locative plural)
smaragdom (instrumental singular)
smaragdima (instrumental plural)

From German Smaragd, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), from a Semitic language.


smaragd

smaragd (indefinite nominative singular)
smaragds (genitive indefinite singular)
smaragden (definite nominative singular)
smaragdens (definite genitive singular)
smaragder (indefinite nominative plural)
smaragders (genitive indefinite plural)
smaragderna (definite nominative plural)
smaragdernas (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Swedish smaragd, from Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos).


agat

agatowy (adjective)
agat (nominative singular)
agaty (nominative plural)
agatu (genitive singular)
agatów (genitive plural)
agatowi (dative singular)
agatom (dative plural)
agat (accusative singular)
agaty (accusative plural)
agatem (instrumental singular)
agatami (instrumental plural)
agacie (locative singular)
agatach (locative plural)
agacie (singular vocative)
agaty (plural vocative)

agat oprawiony w coś

przepiękne agaty

agat mszysty

wykonany z agatu

(mineralogy) agate (semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two)


zafiro

From Old Galician-Portuguese çafil, from Old French saphir, from Latin sapphir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “precious stone, gem”),


zafiro

From Latin sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).


jacinto

From Latin hyacinthus, from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “any of several dark blue flowers”).

hyacinth (plant of the genus Hyacinthus)


joya

Borrowed from Old French joie, alternative form of jouel (source of modern French joyau and Spanish joyel), from Latin jocus.


émeraude

Inherited from Old French esmeralde, esmeragde, from Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus (“emerald”), from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos, “emerald”), from a Semitic language.


topaz

en-noun

topaz (usually uncountable, plural topazes)

→ Irish: tópás

→ Welsh: topas

From Old French topace (compare French topaze), from Ancient Greek τόπαζος (tópazos).

A silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine, usually tinted by impurities.

Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; and the Field Topaz, and Saltier, and Chief Ruby, was the Arms of King Robert the Bruce, they altering the Field from Pearl (as he bore it) to Topaz. / Eglington. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Saphyr three Flower-de-Liss Topaz, for Montgomery; 2d and 3d, Ruby three Anulets Topaz', ston'd Saphyr, for the Title of Eglington; […]

The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. […] 4. Pearl, on a Bend Diamond, nine Annulets conjoined in three Links Topaz.

(1) Pearl, a Cross, Ruby, with the Effigies of our Saviour thereon, Topaz, born in Memory of one of the Family's fighting against the Turks. (2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire. (3) Ruby, three covered Cups, Topaz […]

(heraldry) Or (gold or yellow), in blazoning by precious stones.

A ruby-topaz hummingbird, Chrysolampis mosquitus, the male of which has bright ruby feathers on the head and topaz on the throat


topaz

Various theories. Hobson-Jobson mentions as possibilities a corruption of Persian (from Turkish) top-chi, "gunner", or a connection with topee, from the hats they wore.

(historical, British India) A black Catholic soldier in the British Army.


topaz

pl-noun

topaz m inan (related adjective topazowy)

topazowy (adjective)
topaz (nominative singular)
topazy (nominative plural)
topazu (genitive singular)
topazów (genitive plural)
topazowi (dative singular)
topazom (dative plural)
topaz (accusative singular)
topazy (accusative plural)
topazem (instrumental singular)
topazami (instrumental plural)
topazie (locative singular)
topazach (locative plural)
topazie (singular vocative)
topazy (plural vocative)


citrine

en-noun

citrine (countable and uncountable, plural citrines)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-citrine.wav

From Middle English citrine, partly from Middle French citrine and partly from Latin citrīnus.

citrine:

[…] the urine becometh citrine, or of a deep yellowe color […]

1598, Francis Thynne, Animadversions […] :

dorrẹ̅, dōrī adj. & n. […] Golden or reddish-yellow […] (a. 1398) *Trev. Barth. 59b/a: ʒelouʒ colour [of urine] […] tokeneþ febleness of hete […] dorrey & citrine & liʒt red tokeneþ mene.

c. 1398, quoted in Hans Kurath & Sherman M. Kuhn, eds., Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-01044-8, 1962, page 1242

A goldish-yellow colour, like that of a lemon.


citrine

The coin […] bore what I at first thought was a woman's face—a woman crowned, neither young nor old, but silent and perfect in the citrine metal.

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter III, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 31:


malachite

malachite (countable and uncountable, plural malachites)

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochītis, from Ancient Greek μολόχη (molókhē, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).

der

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

(mineralogy) A bright green mineral, a basic copper carbonate, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂; one of the principal ores of copper.


diamant

Borrowed from French and Old French diamant


diamant

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


diamant

Borrowed from French and Old French diamant.


diamant

diamant (nominative singular)
diamanty (nominative plural)
diamantu (genitive singular)
diamantů (genitive plural)
diamantu (dative singular)
diamantům (dative plural)
diamant (accusative singular)
diamanty (accusative plural)
diamante (singular vocative)
diamanty (plural vocative)
diamantu (locative singular)
diamantech (locative plural)
diamantem (instrumental singular)
diamanty (instrumental plural)

bor+

Borrowed from French and Old French diamant


diamant

head

diamant c (singular definite diamanten, plural indefinite diamanter)

diamanten (definite singular)
diamanter (indefinite plural)
diamant (indefinite nominative singular)
diamanten (definite nominative singular)
diamanter (indefinite nominative plural)
diamanterne (definite nominative plural)
diamants (genitive indefinite singular)
diamantens (definite genitive singular)
diamanters (genitive indefinite plural)
diamanternes (definite genitive plural)

From Medieval Latin diamans, probably from metathesis of Late Latin adimas, from Latin adamās, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


diamant

From Middle Dutch diamant, from Old French diamant, from Medieval Latin and Late Latin diamas, variant of Latin adamas.
The typographic use derives from Dirck Voskens, who first cut it around 1700 and presumably named it by analogy with the larger parel.


diamant

→ Czech: diamant

→ Romanian: diamant

Inherited from Middle French diamant, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, probably from metathesis of adimas (whence aimant), from Latin adamās, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


diamant

diamant m (genitive singular diamaint, nominative plural diamaint)

diamaint (genitive singular)
diamaint (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
diamant (indefinite singular)
diamaint (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a dhiamaint (indefinite singular)
a dhiamanta (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
diamaint (indefinite singular)
diamant (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an diamant (definite singular)
na diamaint (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an diamaint (definite singular)
na ndiamant (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an diamant (definite singular)
don diamant (definite singular)
leis na diamaint (definite plural)
diamant
dhiamant
ndiamant

/ˈdʲiˑəmˠən̪ˠt̪ˠ/

Borrowed from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, from Classical Latin adamās.


diamant

diamanten (definite singular)
diamanter (indefinite plural)
diamantene (definite plural)

Kongen bar en krone av gull, besatt med diamanter.

The king wore a crown of gold set with diamonds.

Sagen er belagt med diamant.


diamant

diamanten (definite singular)
diamantar (indefinite plural)
diamantane (definite plural)

Kongen bar ei krone av gull, innsett med diamantar.

Saga er innsett med diamant.


diamant

diamante (plural)
diamant (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
diamantul (accusative definite nominative singular)
diamante (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
diamantele (accusative definite nominative plural)
diamant (indefinite singular)
diamantului (definite singular)
diamante (indefinite plural)
diamantelor (definite plural)
diamantule (singular vocative)
diamantelor (plural vocative)


diamant

diamant (indefinite nominative singular)
diamants (genitive indefinite singular)
diamanten (definite nominative singular)
diamantens (definite genitive singular)
diamanter (indefinite nominative plural)
diamanters (genitive indefinite plural)
diamanterna (definite nominative plural)
diamanternas (definite genitive plural)

(countable) the gem stone diamond, whether cut or not


diamanto

eo-head

diamanto (accusative singular diamanton, plural diamantoj, accusative plural diamantojn)

diamanton (accusative singular)
diamantoj (plural)
diamantojn (accusative plural)

Common Romance, from Late Latin diamas, from Latin adamas, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “diamond”).

der

diamond (glimmering mineral commonly made into gemstones)


Opal

de-noun

Opal m (strong, genitive Opals, plural Opale)

Opals (genitive)
Opale (plural)
Opal (nominative singular)
Opale (definite nominative plural)
Opals (genitive singular)
Opale (definite genitive plural)
Opal (dative singular)
Opalen (dative definite plural)
Opal (accusative singular)
Opale (accusative definite plural)

From Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”).


Amethyst

Amethyst m (strong, genitive Amethystes or Amethysts, plural Amethyste)

Amethystes (genitive)
Amethysts (genitive)
Amethyste (plural)
Amethyst (nominative singular)
Amethyste (definite nominative plural)
Amethystes (genitive singular)
Amethysts (genitive singular)
Amethyste (definite genitive plural)
Amethyst (dative singular)
Amethyste (dative singular)
Amethysten (dative definite plural)
Amethyst (accusative singular)
Amethyste (accusative definite plural)


perle

English: pearl

Scots: pairl, purl

From Old French perle, from Medieval Latin perula.

A pearl (excretion found in bivalves used in jewellery and medicine).


Diamant

Diamant m (weak, genitive Diamanten, plural Diamanten)

Diamanten (genitive)
Diamanten (plural)
Diamant (nominative singular)
Diamanten (definite nominative plural)
Diamanten (genitive singular)
Diamanten (definite genitive plural)
Diamanten (dative singular)
Diamanten (dative definite plural)
Diamanten (accusative singular)
Diamanten (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German dīemant, dīamant, dīamante, borrowed from Old French diamant.

(uncountable) diamond (allotrope of carbon)


Jade

Jade m or f (mixed, genitive Jades or Jade, plural Jaden)

Jades (genitive)
Jade (genitive)
Jaden (plural)
Jade (definite nominative singular)
Jaden (definite nominative plural)
Jades (definite genitive singular)
Jade (definite genitive singular)
Jaden (definite genitive plural)
Jade (dative definite singular)
Jaden (dative definite plural)
Jade (accusative definite singular)
Jaden (accusative definite plural)

From French jade (“jade”), rebracketing of earlier l’ejade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), from Vulgar Latin *iliata, from Latin ilia (“flank”) (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side).


Smaragd

Smaragd m (strong, genitive Smaragdes or Smaragds, plural Smaragde)

Smaragdes (genitive)
Smaragds (genitive)
Smaragde (plural)
Smaragd (nominative singular)
Smaragde (definite nominative plural)
Smaragdes (genitive singular)
Smaragds (genitive singular)
Smaragde (definite genitive plural)
Smaragd (dative singular)
Smaragde (dative singular)
Smaragden (dative definite plural)
Smaragd (accusative singular)
Smaragde (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German smaract, from Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language. Also written schmaragd in Early Modern German, and still widely so pronounced until the diffusion of the Siebs standard.


demantoid

en-noun

demantoid (countable and uncountable, plural demantoids)

Named by Nils Gustaf Nordenskiøld from German Demant (“diamond”) in allusion to its very high brilliance.


jasper

jasper (countable and uncountable, plural jaspers)

From Middle English jasper, jaspre, from Old French jaspre, a variant of jaspe (modern French jaspe), from Latin iaspis, from Ancient Greek ἴασπις (íaspis).

(obsolete) Any bright-coloured kind of chalcedony apart from cornelian.

An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking conchoidally with a smooth surface.


jasper

(UK, West Country, Somerset, colloquial) A wasp.

And list'nin to some big out-a-town jasper / Hearin' him tell about horse-race gamblin' / Not a wholesome trottin' race, no!

1957, Meredith Willson, “Ya Got Trouble”, in The Music Man:

"I stood there through almost an hour of it before they called Rooster Cogburn to the stand. I had guessed wrong as to which one he was, picking out a younger and slighter man with a badge on his shirt. And I was surprised when an old one-eyed jasper that was built along the lines of Grover Cleveland went up and was sworn."

1968, Charles Portis, “True Grit”, in The Saturday Evening Post:

Standing on the corner like a just-got-in-town jasper

1975, “Nighthawk Postcards (From Easy Street)”, in Nighthawks at the Diner, performed by Tom Waits:

“That jasper,” sniggered Darby, “never pulled out his ‘dummy’ for nothing but pissing, I bet you!”

2006, Thomas Pynchon, “The Light over the Ranges”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 110:

(US, slang) A person, a guy, especially seen as naïve or simple.


lapis lazuli

lapis lazuli (countable and uncountable, plural lapides lazuli or lapis lazulis)

lapides lazuli (plural)
lapis lazulis (plural)

From Middle English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) + lazulī, genitive singular of lazulum (“lapis lazuli, azure, the sky”), from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli, azure”), from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard). Compare azure, of the same origin.

der

He saw the amber silk curtains wave to and fro: the middle window was open; in it stood a pillar of lapis lazuli, which supported an alabaster figure, Canova's Dansatrice.

1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, page 66:

(mineralogy) A deep-blue stone, used in making jewelry, and traditionally used to make the pigment ultramarine.


lapis lazuli

Borrowed from English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) and lazulī (“of the heavens”).


peridot

en-noun

peridot (countable and uncountable, plural peridots)

/ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.dəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-peridot.wav

From Middle English peritot, from Anglo-Norman peridou, peridout, Middle French perido, peridon, of uncertain origin; later reborrowed from modern French péridot.

Gem-quality olivine is known as peridot, which has a subtle green light all its own.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 51:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […]. (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 7, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

A transparent olive-green form of olivine, used as a gem.


peridot

peridote (plural)
peridot (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
peridotul (accusative definite nominative singular)
peridote (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
peridotele (accusative definite nominative plural)
peridot (indefinite singular)
peridotului (definite singular)
peridote (indefinite plural)
peridotelor (definite plural)
peridotule (singular vocative)
peridotelor (plural vocative)


triplet

PIE word
 *tréyes
From triple + -et, q.v.

A constructed gem consisting of a thin slice of natural opal sandwiched between a clear glass or quartz top and a synthetic or stone backing that enhances the colour of the opal.


gemma

la-noun

gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension

gemmae (genitive)
gemma (nominative singular)
gemmae (nominative plural)
gemmae (genitive singular)
gemmārum (genitive plural)
gemmae (dative singular)
gemmīs (dative plural)
gemmam (accusative singular)
gemmās (accusative plural)
gemmā (ablative singular)
gemmīs (ablative plural)
gemma (singular vocative)
gemmae (plural vocative)

Asturian: xema, ema

Catalan: gemma

Danish: gemme

French: gemme

→ Romanian: gemă

→ English: gemma (learned)

→ Interlingua: gemma

Italian: gemma

→ Russian: гемма (gemma)

Old Galician-Portuguese: gema

Galician: xema

Portuguese: gema

Old Spanish: yema

desctree

Spanish: yema
→ Cebuano: yema
→ Tagalog: yema

→ Spanish: gema (learned)
→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. Possibilities include:
* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;
* From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);
* From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;
* A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.


azabache

From Andalusian Arabic السبج (as-sabáj), from Arabic سَبَج (sabaj, “jet, obsidian”), from Middle Persian špk' (/šabag/, “jet, obsidian”), from šp (/šab/, “night”), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (x-š-p /xšapa/).

der

jet (a form of compact, glistening coal, often used in jewelry)


labrador

labrador (nominative singular)
labradory (nominative plural)
labradora (genitive singular)
labradorów (genitive plural)
labradorowi (dative singular)
labradorom (dative plural)
labradora (accusative singular)
labradory (accusative plural)
labradorem (instrumental singular)
labradorami (instrumental plural)
labradorze (locative singular)
labradorach (locative plural)
labradorze (singular vocative)
labradory (plural vocative)


carbuncle

English: carbuncle

Borrowed from Old French carbuncle, charbuncle, itself borrowed from Latin carbunculus.

(pathology) A carbuncle; a large abscess.


perla

Unknown, probably based on Vulgar Latin *pernula, diminutive of Latin perna, a kind of oyster. Cognate with Italian perla, French perle and Spanish perla.


perla

Chavacano: perla, perlas

→ Basque: perla

→ Ilocano: perlas

Unknown, but cognate with Italian perla, French perle and Portuguese pérola. See pearl. The usual Latin word for a pearl was margarīta.


first water

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-first water.wav

The term originated in the gemstone trade, where it was used to signify water-like clarity.

Who knows in how many unremembered nations’ literatures this has been the Castalian Fountain? or what nymphs presided over it in the Golden Age? It is a gem of the first water which Concord wears in her coronet.

1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “The Ponds”, in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC:

To be the first water a diamond must be absolutely colorless, very lustrous, and perfectly free from flaws.

1880, HB Cornwall, “Gems and Precious Stones”, in WM Patterson, editor, The Growing world; or, Progress of civilization, and the wonders of nature, science, literature and art, interspersed with a useful and entertaining collection of miscellany, page 20:

“Here’s one I wrote. My heroine is disporting herself at a ball ‘glittering from head to foot with large diamonds of the first water.’

1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:

The highest quality of gemstones, especially of diamonds and pearls.


циркон

sirkon (romanization)
циркон (nominative singular)
циркондар (nominative plural)
цирконның (genitive singular)
циркондардың (genitive plural)
цирконға (dative singular)
циркондарға (dative plural)
цирконды (accusative singular)
циркондарды (accusative plural)
цирконда (locative singular)
циркондарда (locative plural)
цирконнан (ablative singular)
циркондардан (ablative plural)
цирконмен (instrumental singular)
циркондармен (instrumental plural)

kk-decl-noun

циркондардың

циркондардан

циркондармен

Borrowed from Russian цирко́н (cirkón), from German Zirkon, ultimately from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn).


alectoria

la-noun

alectoria f (genitive alectoriae); first declension

alectoriae (genitive)
alectoria (nominative singular)
alectoriae (nominative plural)
alectoriae (genitive singular)
alectoriārum (genitive plural)
alectoriae (dative singular)
alectoriīs (dative plural)
alectoriam (accusative singular)
alectoriās (accusative plural)
alectoriā (ablative singular)
alectoriīs (ablative plural)
alectoria (singular vocative)
alectoriae (plural vocative)

[äɫ̪ɛkˈt̪ɔriä]

Feminine substantive of alectorius (“of or pertaining to a cock”), from Ancient Greek ἀλέκτωρ (aléktōr, “cock”).

(with gemma) A kind of magical stone said to be found in the gizzard of cocks


ἄνθραξ

grc-noun

ἄνθραξ • (ánthrax) m (genitive ἄνθρακος); third declension

ánthrax (romanization)
ἄνθρακος (genitive)
ὁ ἄνθρᾰξ (nominative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄνθρᾰκες (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἄνθρᾰκος (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἄνθρᾰκῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἄνθρᾰξῐ (dative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξῐν (dative plural)
toîs ánthraxi (dative plural)
toîs ánthraxin (dative plural)
τὸν ἄνθρᾰκᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ ἄνθρᾰκε (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἄνθρᾰκᾰς (accusative plural)
ἄνθρᾰξ (singular vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκε (dual vocative)
ἄνθρᾰκες (plural vocative)

→ Czech: anthrax

desc

→ English: anthrax, anthracite, anthracene

→ French: anthrax

→ German: Anthrax

→ Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas), άνθραξ (ánthrax)

→ Dutch: antrax

→ Serbo-Croatian: антракс

→ Translingual: Anthrax, Anthracus

→ Old Georgian: ანთრაკი (antraḳi)

Uncertain; Strong's Concordance calls it a "primitive word". Possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʻayr, “spark; anthrax”), անթեղ (antʻeł, “hot coal, ember”).
Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), Old English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra). Kölligan suggests a connection to Sanskrit अन्ध (andha, “blind, darkness, etc.”).


tourmaline

en-noun

tourmaline (countable and uncountable, plural tourmalines)

From French tourmaline, ultimately from Sinhalese තෝරමල්ලී (tōramallī, “carnelian”)

der

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

(mineralogy) A complex black or dark-coloured borosilicate mineral, compounded with various chemical elements and considered a semi-precious stone.


gyöngy

gyöngyök (plural)
gyöngy (nominative singular)
gyöngyök (nominative plural)
gyöngyöt (accusative singular)
gyöngyöket (accusative plural)
gyöngynek (dative singular)
gyöngyöknek (dative plural)
gyönggyel (instrumental singular)
gyöngyökkel (instrumental plural)
gyöngyért (causal-final singular)
gyöngyökért (causal-final plural)
gyönggyé (singular translative)
gyöngyökké (plural translative)
gyöngyig (singular terminative)
gyöngyökig (plural terminative)
gyöngyként (essive-formal singular)
gyöngyökként (essive-formal plural)
gyöngyben (inessive singular)
gyöngyökben (inessive plural)
gyöngyön (singular superessive)
gyöngyökön (plural superessive)
gyöngynél (adessive singular)
gyöngyöknél (adessive plural)
gyöngybe (illative singular)
gyöngyökbe (illative plural)
gyöngyre (singular sublative)
gyöngyökre (plural sublative)
gyöngyhöz (allative singular)
gyöngyökhöz (allative plural)
gyöngyből (elative singular)
gyöngyökből (elative plural)
gyöngyről (delative singular)
gyöngyökről (delative plural)
gyöngytől (ablative singular)
gyöngyöktől (ablative plural)
gyöngyé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
gyöngyöké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
gyöngyéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
gyöngyökéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
gyöngyöm (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
gyöngyeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
gyöngyöd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
gyöngyeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
gyöngye (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
gyöngyei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
gyöngyünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
gyöngyeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
gyöngyötök (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
gyöngyeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
gyöngyük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
gyöngyeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Inherited from Old Hungarian *dzsindzsü, borrowed from Bulgar *ǯinǯü, whence also Old East Slavic жьньчюгъ (žĭnĭčjugŭ), further from Common Turkic *yinǯü, ultimately from Middle Chinese 珍珠 (ʈˠiɪn t͡ɕɨo), 真珠 (t͡ɕiɪn t͡ɕɨo, “true pearls”), whence Mandarin 珍珠 (zhēnzhū). Compare Old Turkic 𐰖𐰅𐰨𐰇 (yénčü), Turkish inci.

bead (any similar, but usually much less valuable object used as part of jewelry, often has a hole; can be made of any material, such as glass, stone, wood, plastic)


שוהם

he-noun

שוהם / שֹׁהַם • (shóham) m [pattern: קֹטֶל]

שֹׁהַם (canonical)
shóham (romanization)

Probably borrowed from a form like *šuwahbu(m) meaning ‘the thing forced to be given’ = tribute from an Old South Arabian language spoken in Havilah. This would be an š-causative noun from the common Semitic root w-h-b ‘to give’ (see Sabaic 𐩥𐩠𐩨 whb "to give", Qatabanic 𐩥𐩠𐩨 whb "to give, grant").

(mineralogy) onyx (a banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz)


אבן

אֶבֶן • (éven) f (plural indefinite אֲבָנִים, plural construct אַבְנֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

אֶבֶן (canonical)
éven (romanization)
אֲבָנִים (indefinite plural)
אַבְנֵי־ (construct plural)
אֶבֶן (indefinite singular)
אַבְנִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
אַבְנֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הָאֶבֶן (definite singular)
אַבְנְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
אַבְנֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
אַבְנְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
אַבְנְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
אֶבֶן־ (construct singular)
אַבְנוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
אַבְנָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
אַבְנָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
אַבְנָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
אֲבָנִים (indefinite plural)
אבניי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
אֲבָנַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
אֲבָנֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הָאֲבָנִים (definite plural)
אֲבָנֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
אבנייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
אֲבָנַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
אַבְנֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
אַבְנֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
אַבְנֵי־ (construct plural)
אֲבָנָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
אֲבָנֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
אַבְנֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
אַבְנֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Root
 א־ב־ן (ʾ-b-n)
From Proto-Semitic *ʾabn-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʾabun-.


almondine

A gemstone that is either a deep red garnet or a purple spinel.


ambra

From Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian ʾmbl (ambar, “ambergris”).

der

E come in vetro, in ambra o in cristallo
raggio resplende […]

1316–c. 1321, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXIX”, in Paradiso [Heaven], lines 25–26; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

And like in glass, amber, or crystal, a ray shines […]


calcite

en-noun

calcite (countable and uncountable, plural calcites)

(mineralogy) A very widely distributed crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃, found as limestone, chalk and marble.


bloodstone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bloodstone.wav

From blood + stone, from the fact that the red inclusions in the stone resemble blood.

These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone […]

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

The magician wore a blood-stone ring […]

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 148:

A green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite.

heliotropi

green chalcedony sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite


pounamu

Over time, the hooks became increasingly stylized and now are a popular shape for decorative pounamu pendants called hei matau, the first word indicating that the matau is worn around the neck.

2021 June 12, Charlotte Graham-McLay, “In New Zealand, the Fishhook Pendant Called Hei Matau”, in The New York Times:


pounamu

→ English: pounamu

→ Hawaiian: pounamu


borostyán

head

borostyán (countable and uncountable, plural borostyánok)

borostyánok (plural)
borostyán (nominative singular)
borostyánok (nominative plural)
borostyánt (accusative singular)
borostyánokat (accusative plural)
borostyánnak (dative singular)
borostyánoknak (dative plural)
borostyánnal (instrumental singular)
borostyánokkal (instrumental plural)
borostyánért (causal-final singular)
borostyánokért (causal-final plural)
borostyánná (singular translative)
borostyánokká (plural translative)
borostyánig (singular terminative)
borostyánokig (plural terminative)
borostyánként (essive-formal singular)
borostyánokként (essive-formal plural)
borostyánban (inessive singular)
borostyánokban (inessive plural)
borostyánon (singular superessive)
borostyánokon (plural superessive)
borostyánnál (adessive singular)
borostyánoknál (adessive plural)
borostyánba (illative singular)
borostyánokba (illative plural)
borostyánra (singular sublative)
borostyánokra (plural sublative)
borostyánhoz (allative singular)
borostyánokhoz (allative plural)
borostyánból (elative singular)
borostyánokból (elative plural)
borostyánról (delative singular)
borostyánokról (delative plural)
borostyántól (ablative singular)
borostyánoktól (ablative plural)
borostyáné (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
borostyánoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
borostyánéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
borostyánokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
borostyánom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
borostyánjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
borostyánod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
borostyánjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
borostyánja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
borostyánjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
borostyánunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
borostyánjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
borostyánotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
borostyánjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
borostyánjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
borostyánjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


borostyán

Borrowed from a Slavic language; see Russian берескле́т (beresklét) for more on the form and etymology. Opposed to native repkény for the ground ivy, as the ivy is not capable of bearing much cold so that it does not occur beyond the lower Volga, therefore the borrowing.


spinel

en-noun

spinel (countable and uncountable, plural spinels)

French spinelle, perhaps from Latin spina (“a thorn, a prickle”), in allusion to its pointed crystals.

(mineralogy) Any of several hard minerals of cubic symmetry that are mixed oxides of magnesium and aluminium and are used as gemstones of various colours.

لَعْل

any of several hard minerals of cubic symmetry that are mixed oxides of magnesium and aluminium


sarda

la-noun

sarda f (genitive sardae); first declension

sardae (genitive)
sarda (nominative singular)
sardae (nominative plural)
sardae (genitive singular)
sardārum (genitive plural)
sardae (dative singular)
sardīs (dative plural)
sardam (accusative singular)
sardās (accusative plural)
sardā (ablative singular)
sardīs (ablative plural)
sarda (singular vocative)
sardae (plural vocative)

Seemingly ultimately from Ancient Greek Σαρδώ (Sardṓ, “Sardinia”).


Quarz

de-noun

Quarz m (strong, genitive Quarzes, plural Quarze)

Quarzes (genitive)
Quarze (plural)
Quarz (nominative singular)
Quarze (definite nominative plural)
Quarzes (genitive singular)
Quarze (definite genitive plural)
Quarz (dative singular)
Quarze (dative singular)
Quarzen (dative definite plural)
Quarz (accusative singular)
Quarze (accusative definite plural)

→ Belarusian: кварц (kvarc)

→ Bulgarian: кварц (kvarc)

→ Danish: kvarts

→ Dutch: kwarts

Afrikaans: kwarts

→ English: quartz
→ Malay: kuarza

→ Estonian: kvarts

→ Faroese: kvarts

→ Finnish: kvartsi

→ French: quartz (see there for further descendants)

→ Galician: cuarzo

→ Georgian: კვარცი (ḳvarci)

→ Hungarian: kvarc

→ Italian: quarzo

→ Macedonian: кварц (kvarc)

→ Northern Sami: kvárca

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvarts

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kvarts

→ Polish: kwarc

→ Portuguese: quartzo

→ Russian: кварц (kvarc) (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kvȁrc, ква̏рц

→ Slovak: kvarc

→ Spanish: cuarzo

→ Swedish: kvarts

→ Ukrainian: кварц (kvarc)

From Middle High German quarz (14th c., Bohemia), probably with the Central German development tw- → qu- (as in quer etc.) from a West Slavic language (compare Czech tvrdý, Polish twardy), from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ (“hard”).


cabochon

Borrowed from French cabochon, diminutive form of caboche (“head”), from Old French caboce, from Latin caput (“head”).

Thecla was […] stroking a bracelet formed like a kraken, a kraken whose tentacles wrapped the white flesh of her arm; its eyes were cabochon emeralds.

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter VIII, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 81:

(chiefly attributive) A precious stone which has only been polished, not cut into facets.


Killiecrankie diamond

en-noun

Killiecrankie diamond (countable and uncountable, plural Killiecrankie diamonds)

A type of hard colourless topaz (not actual diamond as such).


timantti

timantti (nominative singular)
timantit (nominative plural)
timantti (accusative nominative singular)
timantit (accusative nominative plural)
timantin (accusative genitive singular)
timantit (accusative genitive plural)
timantin (genitive singular)
timanttien (genitive plural)
timanttia (partitive singular)
timantteja (partitive plural)
timantissa (inessive singular)
timanteissa (inessive plural)
timantista (elative singular)
timanteista (elative plural)
timanttiin (illative singular)
timantteihin (illative plural)
timantilla (adessive singular)
timanteilla (adessive plural)
timantilta (ablative singular)
timanteilta (ablative plural)
timantille (allative singular)
timanteille (allative plural)
timanttina (essive singular)
timantteina (essive plural)
timantiksi (singular translative)
timanteiksi (plural translative)
timantitta (abessive singular)
timanteitta (abessive plural)
timantein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
timanttini (nominative singular)
timanttini (nominative plural)
timanttini (accusative nominative singular)
timanttini (accusative nominative plural)
timanttini (accusative genitive singular)
timanttini (accusative genitive plural)
timanttini (genitive singular)
timanttieni (genitive plural)
timanttiani (partitive singular)
timanttejani (partitive plural)
timantissani (inessive singular)
timanteissani (inessive plural)
timantistani (elative singular)
timanteistani (elative plural)
timanttiini (illative singular)
timantteihini (illative plural)
timantillani (adessive singular)
timanteillani (adessive plural)
timantiltani (ablative singular)
timanteiltani (ablative plural)
timantilleni (allative singular)
timanteilleni (allative plural)
timanttinani (essive singular)
timantteinani (essive plural)
timantikseni (singular translative)
timanteikseni (plural translative)
timantittani (abessive singular)
timanteittani (abessive plural)
timantteineni (comitative plural)
timanttisi (nominative singular)
timanttisi (nominative plural)
timanttisi (accusative nominative singular)
timanttisi (accusative nominative plural)
timanttisi (accusative genitive singular)
timanttisi (accusative genitive plural)
timanttisi (genitive singular)
timanttiesi (genitive plural)
timanttiasi (partitive singular)
timanttejasi (partitive plural)
timantissasi (inessive singular)
timanteissasi (inessive plural)
timantistasi (elative singular)
timanteistasi (elative plural)
timanttiisi (illative singular)
timantteihisi (illative plural)
timantillasi (adessive singular)
timanteillasi (adessive plural)
timantiltasi (ablative singular)
timanteiltasi (ablative plural)
timantillesi (allative singular)
timanteillesi (allative plural)
timanttinasi (essive singular)
timantteinasi (essive plural)
timantiksesi (singular translative)
timanteiksesi (plural translative)
timantittasi (abessive singular)
timanteittasi (abessive plural)
timantteinesi (comitative plural)
timanttimme (nominative singular)
timanttimme (nominative plural)
timanttimme (accusative nominative singular)
timanttimme (accusative nominative plural)
timanttimme (accusative genitive singular)
timanttimme (accusative genitive plural)
timanttimme (genitive singular)
timanttiemme (genitive plural)
timanttiamme (partitive singular)
timanttejamme (partitive plural)
timantissamme (inessive singular)
timanteissamme (inessive plural)
timantistamme (elative singular)
timanteistamme (elative plural)
timanttiimme (illative singular)
timantteihimme (illative plural)
timantillamme (adessive singular)
timanteillamme (adessive plural)
timantiltamme (ablative singular)
timanteiltamme (ablative plural)
timantillemme (allative singular)
timanteillemme (allative plural)
timanttinamme (essive singular)
timantteinamme (essive plural)
timantiksemme (singular translative)
timanteiksemme (plural translative)
timantittamme (abessive singular)
timanteittamme (abessive plural)
timantteinemme (comitative plural)
timanttinne (nominative singular)
timanttinne (nominative plural)
timanttinne (accusative nominative singular)
timanttinne (accusative nominative plural)
timanttinne (accusative genitive singular)
timanttinne (accusative genitive plural)
timanttinne (genitive singular)
timanttienne (genitive plural)
timanttianne (partitive singular)
timanttejanne (partitive plural)
timantissanne (inessive singular)
timanteissanne (inessive plural)
timantistanne (elative singular)
timanteistanne (elative plural)
timanttiinne (illative singular)
timantteihinne (illative plural)
timantillanne (adessive singular)
timanteillanne (adessive plural)
timantiltanne (ablative singular)
timanteiltanne (ablative plural)
timantillenne (allative singular)
timanteillenne (allative plural)
timanttinanne (essive singular)
timantteinanne (essive plural)
timantiksenne (singular translative)
timanteiksenne (plural translative)
timantittanne (abessive singular)
timanteittanne (abessive plural)
timantteinenne (comitative plural)
timanttinsa (nominative singular)
timanttinsa (nominative plural)
timanttinsa (accusative nominative singular)
timanttinsa (accusative nominative plural)
timanttinsa (accusative genitive singular)
timanttinsa (accusative genitive plural)
timanttinsa (genitive singular)
timanttiensa (genitive plural)
timanttiaan (partitive singular)
timanttiansa (partitive singular)
timanttejaan (partitive plural)
timanttejansa (partitive plural)
timantissaan (inessive singular)
timantissansa (inessive singular)
timanteissaan (inessive plural)
timanteissansa (inessive plural)
timantistaan (elative singular)
timantistansa (elative singular)
timanteistaan (elative plural)
timanteistansa (elative plural)
timanttiinsa (illative singular)
timantteihinsa (illative plural)
timantillaan (adessive singular)
timantillansa (adessive singular)
timanteillaan (adessive plural)
timanteillansa (adessive plural)
timantiltaan (ablative singular)
timantiltansa (ablative singular)
timanteiltaan (ablative plural)
timanteiltansa (ablative plural)
timantilleen (allative singular)
timantillensa (allative singular)
timanteilleen (allative plural)
timanteillensa (allative plural)
timanttinaan (essive singular)
timanttinansa (essive singular)
timantteinaan (essive plural)
timantteinansa (essive plural)
timantikseen (singular translative)
timantiksensa (singular translative)
timanteikseen (plural translative)
timanteiksensa (plural translative)
timantittaan (abessive singular)
timantittansa (abessive singular)
timanteittaan (abessive plural)
timanteittansa (abessive plural)
timantteineen (comitative plural)
timantteinensa (comitative plural)

Borrowed from archaic Swedish dimant, demant (modern Swedish diamant), from German Diemant, from Old French diamant.