pie

From Hindi पाई (pāī, “low-denomination coin”), from Sanskrit पादिका (pādikā, “foot, shoe”), from पाद (pāda, “foot, base, quarter”) + -इक (-ika, “-ic: forming adjectives”).

bor

I gave him all the money in my possession, Rs.9.8.5. – nine rupees, eight annas, and five pie – for I always keep small change as bakshish when I am in camp.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes”, in The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Other Tales, Folio Society, published 2005, page 117:

(historical) A former low-denomination coin of northern India.


eagle

From Middle English egle, from Anglo-Norman egle, from Old French aigle, from Latin aquila. Displaced native Middle English ern, earn, arn, from Old English earn (“eagle”). More at erne.

(US, numismatics, historical) A gold coin with a face value of ten dollars, formerly used in the United States.

(historical, numismatics) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and circulated in England as a debased sterling silver penny, outlawed under Edward I of England.


abacus

From Late Middle English abacus, abagus, agabus (“abacus; art of counting with an abacus”), from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”) (compare Late Latin abacus (“art of arithmetic”)), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ άβακος (ábax ábakos, “slab, counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”). Doublet of abaque.
The plural form abaci is reinforced from Latin abacī.

der

Harvard University
Houghton Library
Roman abacus

ABACUS, among the ancients, was a kind of cupboard or buffet. Livy, deſcribing the luxury into which the Romans degenerated after the conqueſt of Aſia, ſays they had their abaci, beds, &c. plated over with gold.

1817, “ABACUS”, in Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, 5th enlarged and improved edition, volume I, Edinburgh: Printed at the Encyclopædia Press, for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: Gale and Fenner; York, Yorkshire: Thomas Wilson and Sons, →OCLC, page 4, column 1:

The plate and nicknacks, always found in elegant Roman houses, were displayed on small one or three legged tables (trapezophoron), the slabs of which (abacus, a word which, like trapezophoron, is sometimes used for the whole table) had raised edges round them: several richly ornamented specimens of such tables have been found at Pompeii. Fig. 446 shows a small abacus resting on three marble legs, which has been found in the house of the "Little Mosaic-Fountain" at Pompeii.

1875, E[rnst Karl] Guhl, W[ilhelm David] Koner, “The Romans”, in F[rancis] Hueffer, transl., The Life of the Greeks and Romans, Described from Antique Monuments: Translated from the Third German Edition, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, § 89 (Tables.—Tripods), pages 446–447:

(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, historical) A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments for holding bottles, cups, or the like; a kind of buffet, cupboard, or sideboard.

àbac

board, tray, or table for holding bottles, cups, etc.


ablegate

Borrowed from French ablégate, from Latin ablēgātus, perfect passive participle of ablēgō (“I send off or away; banish”), from ab (“from, away from”) + lēgō (“I dispatch, send on a commission”). See legate.

(historical) An elected representative of a Hungarian royal free city, charged to be a speaker at the Diet of Hungary and to express the opinion of the city.


avatar

→ Japanese: アバター

/ˈəʋ(ə)t̪ɑːɾ/

Avatar (Hinduism)
Chip Morningstar
LucasArts
Neal Stephenson
Randy Farmer
Shadowrun
Snow Crash
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar
pen and paper

First use appears c. 1784, in The Hindu Wife; or, The Enchanted Fruit, by William Jones. Borrowed from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root √तॄ (√tṝ, “to cross”). In the computing sense, some use appeared in video games in the 1980s, such as the online roleplaying game Habitat (1985) by Lucasfilm Games (today LucasArts), by Chip Morningstar and Randy Farmer, later versions of the Ultima series (following religious use in Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar (1985)), and the pen and paper role-playing game Shadowrun (1989). Also popularized by the novel Snow Crash (1992) by Neal Stephenson.

أَفَاتَار

digital representation of a person or being

(Hinduism) An incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu.

অৱতাৰ

earthly incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu


avatar

From Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तरति (√tṝ, “to cross”).


avatar

From English avatar, from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). Doublet of awatara.

(Hinduism) avatar (the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu)


avatar

Borrowed from French avatar, from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). The computing sense comes from English.


avatar

avatar (indefinite nominative singular)
avatars (genitive indefinite singular)
avataren (definite nominative singular)
avatarens (definite genitive singular)
avatarer (indefinite nominative plural)
avatarers (genitive indefinite plural)
avatarerna (definite nominative plural)
avatarernas (definite genitive plural)


seme

Borrowed from Japanese 攻め (seme), derived from the verb 攻める (semeru, “to attack”).

[…] BL manga readers chose intelligence, protectiveness, and beauty/handsomeness as the top three most important traits in a seme […]

2008, Dru Pagliassotti, “Better Than Romance? Japanese BL Manga and the Subgenre of Male/Male Romantic Fiction”, in Antonia Levi, Mark McHarry, Dru Pagliassotti, editors, Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre, McFarland & Company (2008), →ISBN, page 73:

Sebas has always been the seme.

2010, Pentabu, My Girlfriend's a Geek, volume 1, Yen Press (2012), →ISBN:

The seme is larger, stronger, and more traditionally masculine, while the uke is smaller, weaker, and more feminine.

2011, Robin E. Brenner, Snow Wildsmith, “Love through a DIfferent Lens: Japanese Homoerotic Manga through the Eyes of American Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Other Sexualities Readers”, in Timothy Perper, Martha Cornog, editors, Mangatopia: Essays on Manga and Anime in the Modern World, Libraries Unlimited (2011), →ISBN, page 97:

(Japanese fiction, fandom slang) An active or dominant male character in a same-sex relationship; a top.


Thanatos

(Greek mythology) The god of death (specifically of a peaceful death), and twin brother of Hypnos (god of sleep); the Greek counterpart of Mors.


ananke

(Ancient Greek culture) ananke (necessity beyond all supplications or sway)


tao

(philosophy, Taoism) Tao (Chinese philosophical term)


NATO

→ Arabic: ناتو (nātō)

desc

→ Bengali: ন্যাটো (nêṭō), নেটো (neṭō)

→ Bengali: ন্যাটো (nêṭō), নেটো (neṭō)

→ Finnish: Nato, NATO, nato

→ German: NATO, Nato

→ Hebrew: נאט״ו (nat"o)

→ Hindi: नैटो (naiṭo)

→ Japanese: NATO (NATO)

→ Korean: 나토 (nato)

→ Polish: NATO

→ Portuguese: NATO

desctree

→ Russian: НА́ТО (NÁTO)
→ Armenian: ՆԱՏՕ (NATŌ)
→ Kyrgyz: НАТО (NATO)

→ Swedish: Nato, NATO

→ Telugu: నాటో (nāṭō)

en:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
en:nato (disambiguation)

From North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

On the other hand, one still would have to note that relations between NATO in London and OSR in Paris were still not as closely integrated as might be desired, and that the power of decision, especially on industrial and financial matters, still was not centered in one place in the NATO.

1951 October 5, Activities in Europe Concerned with Material Support of NATO and MDAP, Office of the Secretary of Defense, page 23:

Yes, France is geographically situated in a key position so far as Western Europe is concerned. They are really the bridge between Germany, Spain and Italy. And it was necessary to have a NATO organization that was unified and France was a necessary member of that organization.

1964, Harry S. Truman, 0:18 from the start, in MP2002-479 Former President Truman Recalls Negotiating With DeGaulle and France after WWII, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:

What concerned me most about De Gaulle's decision was that it threatened the unity of NATO, which had been so carefully developed over two decades. NATO was essential to the security of Europe and the United States. I was convinced that the stronger and more unified we were, the more incentive the Soviets and their Warsaw Pact allies would have to work with us in solving outstanding problems and differences.

1971, Lyndon Johnson, “Strengthening the Atlantic Community”, in The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 305–306:

President Putin's KGB roots have sadly informed a style of governance that is neither reformist nor particularly democratic. The common thread throughout his domestic and foreign policies is his effort to trade on fear -- the fears of Russians that their country is under attack from hostile external forces (Chechens, NATO or free marketeers); and the fears of Westerners that if not for a strong, pragmatic leader, Russia will again become unruly, unstable and potentially aggressive.

2001 January 4, Garry Kasparov, “The Russian President Trades on Fear”, in The Wall Street Journal, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-01-09, International:

In the week since I’d seen him in the Oval Office, Bush had done well in Europe.[...]He’d made a strong statement on the expansion of NATO. “I believe in membership,” the president had said, “for all of Europe’s democracies that seek it and are ready to share the responsibilities that NATO brings.”[…]The president had even gone out of his way to reassure Putin that he had nothing to fear from the enlargement of NATO, which would not include Russia.

2007, Joe Biden, Promises to Keep, New York: Random House, published 2008, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 297:

Acronym of North Atlantic Treaty Organization.


DVD

(French politics) Abbreviation of divers droite.


relegate

en-verb

relegate (third-person singular simple present relegates, present participle relegating, simple past and past participle relegated)

relegates (present singular third-person)
relegating (participle present)
relegated (participle past)
relegated (past)

First attested in 1561, borrowed from Latin relēgātus, the past participle of relēgō (“to dispatch, banish”).

Eventually his freedom of speech drove Vespasian to relegate him a second time, and shortly after he was executed […].

2002, Mark Morford, The Roman Philosophers, →ISBN, page 183:

(transitive, historical, Ancient Rome, done to a person) Banish from proximity to Rome for a set time; compare relegate.


fiscal

From Middle French fiscal, from Latin fiscus (“treasury”) – see fiscus and fisc.

Procurator fiscal
procurator fiscal#English

(Scots law) Procurator fiscal, a public prosecutor.


AM

en-noun

AM (countable and uncountable, plural AMs)

(UK politics, historical) Initialism of Assembly Member. (A title similar to MP, placed after the name of a Member of the Welsh National Assembly.)


AA

In einem Folgetweet versprach das AA auch eine Zusammenstellung von Beweisen für die russische Behauptung – nur um direkt darauf lakonisch zu schließen: »Es gibt keine«.

2023 January 26, “Lawrow in Afrika: Auswärtiges Amt bittet für Tweet mit Leopard-Emoji um Entschuldigung”, in Der Spiegel, →ISSN:

In a follow-up tweet, the AA also promised a compilation of evidence for the Russian claim - only to laconically conclude immediately afterwards: "There is none".

(German politics) Initialism of Auswärtiges Amt.


Cameroon

Alteration of Cameron, influenced by -oon.

He fears that in downplaying traditional Conservative causes, in changing the party to be more in tune with modern Britain, the Cameroons have in effect accepted that they won't change the country much in office.

2007 March 21, Andy Beckett, “The Cameroons”, in The Guardian:

Today, I spy a coalition outrider: Nick Boles, MP for Grantham, founder of Policy Exchange and the archetypal Cameroon ultra-modernizer. I don’t think Boles even owned a tie until he was elected to the House of Commons. That’s how much of a Cameroon the man is.

2010 September 13, Iain Martin, “Nick Boles: The Coalition’s Cameroon Outrider”, in Wall Street Journal:

Maude was a moderniser before modernity dawned in the Tory ranks, a Cameroon before David Cameron.

2012 March 30, James Chapman, “Gorgeous George and why Ed Miliband must now pray Ken Livingstone wins London”, in Daily Mail:

Mr Cameron won significantly smaller vote shares than either Theresa May or Boris Johnson. There are not many Cameroons in Britain. Outside some newspaper op-ed pages, there never were.

2023 November 13, Bagehot, “What David Cameron's return says about British politics”, in Economist:

(UK politics) A Conservative Party member with green or social liberal leanings, supporting the policies of David Cameron.


Cuba

la-proper noun

Cuba f sg (genitive Cubae); first declension

Cubae (genitive)
Cuba (nominative singular)
Cubae (genitive singular)
Cubae (dative singular)
Cubam (accusative singular)
Cubā (ablative singular)
Cuba (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology) The goddess who protects the lying down of children


Achilles

Borrowed from Latin Achillēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).

Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

Achilles’ wrath, to Greece the direful spring
Of woes unnumber’d, heavenly goddess, sing!

1715, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, chapter 1, in The Iliad of Homer, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC:

If once the lamentation is heard, it will ring out again, of the short-lived Achilles, of the leaf-like change and vicissitude of the human race, of the decay of the heroic age.

1910, Friedrich Nietzsche, chapter 3, in William A. Haussmann, transl., edited by Oscar Levy, The Birth of Tragedy; or, Hellenism and Pessimism (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche; 1), Edinburgh, London: T. N. Foulis, page 36:

In the last third of the Iliad, Achilles’ beloved companion, Patroklos, and his bitter enemy, Hektor, die wearing Achilles’ armor, their deaths prefiguring Achilles’ own.

2012, Richard Holway, Becoming Achilles: Child-Sacrifice, War, and Misrule in the Iliad and Beyond, Rowman & Littlefield (Lexington Books), page 153:

(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.


Achilles

From English Achilles, borrowed from Latin Achilles, from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


Achilles

csb-proper noun

Achilles m pers (related adjective achillesowi)

(uncountable, Greek mythology) Achilles (mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp)


Achilles

la-proper noun

Achillēs m sg (genitive Achillis); third declension

Achillēs (canonical masculine singular)
Achillis (genitive)
Achillēs (nominative singular)
Achillis (genitive singular)
Achillī (dative singular)
Achillem (accusative singular)
Achille (ablative singular)
Achillēs (singular vocative)

[äˈkʰɪlːʲeːs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


Achilles

pl-prop

Achilles m pers (related adjective achillesowy)

achillesowy (adjective)
Achilles (nominative singular)
Achillesowie (nominative plural)
Achillesi (nominative plural)
Achillesa (genitive singular)
Achillesów (genitive plural)
Achillesowi (dative singular)
Achillesom (dative plural)
Achillesa (accusative singular)
Achillesów (accusative plural)
Achillesem (instrumental singular)
Achillesami (instrumental plural)
Achillesie (locative singular)
Achillesach (locative plural)
Achillesie (singular vocative)
Achillesowie (plural vocative)
Achillesi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Achillēs. Doublet of Achil.


Achilles

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


phoenix

en-noun

phoenix (plural phoenix or phoenixes or phoenices)

phoenix (plural)
phoenixes (plural)
phoenices (plural)

From Old English and Old French fenix, from Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix), from Egyptian bnw (boinu, “grey heron”). Doublet of Bennu. The grey heron was venerated at Heliopolis and associated in Egypt with the cyclical renewal of life because the bird rises in flight at dawn and migrates back every year in the flood season to inhabit the Nile waters.

(Chinese mythology) A mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.


Jupiter

From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.

der

(Roman mythology) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupitera (genitive singular)
Jupiterovi (dative singular)
Jupiteru (dative singular)
Jupitera (accusative singular)
Jupitere (singular vocative)
Jupiterovi (locative singular)
Jupiteru (locative singular)
Jupiterem (instrumental singular)


Jupiter

Afrikaans: Jupiter

→ Papiamentu: Yüpitèr

From Middle Dutch jupiter, from Latin Iūpiter.


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupiterit (nominative plural)
Jupiter (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterit (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterin (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterit (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterin (genitive singular)
Jupiterien (genitive plural)
Jupitereiden (genitive plural)
Jupitereitten (genitive plural)
Jupiteria (partitive singular)
Jupitereita (partitive plural)
Jupitereja (partitive plural)
Jupiterissa (inessive singular)
Jupitereissa (inessive plural)
Jupiterista (elative singular)
Jupitereista (elative plural)
Jupiteriin (illative singular)
Jupitereihin (illative plural)
Jupiterilla (adessive singular)
Jupitereilla (adessive plural)
Jupiterilta (ablative singular)
Jupitereilta (ablative plural)
Jupiterille (allative singular)
Jupitereille (allative plural)
Jupiterina (essive singular)
Jupitereina (essive plural)
Jupiteriksi (singular translative)
Jupitereiksi (plural translative)
Jupiteritta (abessive singular)
Jupitereitta (abessive plural)
Jupiterein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Jupiterini (nominative singular)
Jupiterini (nominative plural)
Jupiterini (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterini (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterini (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterini (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterini (genitive singular)
Jupiterieni (genitive plural)
Jupitereideni (genitive plural)
Jupitereitteni (genitive plural)
Jupiteriani (partitive singular)
Jupitereitani (partitive plural)
Jupiterejani (partitive plural)
Jupiterissani (inessive singular)
Jupitereissani (inessive plural)
Jupiteristani (elative singular)
Jupitereistani (elative plural)
Jupiteriini (illative singular)
Jupitereihini (illative plural)
Jupiterillani (adessive singular)
Jupitereillani (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltani (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltani (ablative plural)
Jupiterilleni (allative singular)
Jupitereilleni (allative plural)
Jupiterinani (essive singular)
Jupitereinani (essive plural)
Jupiterikseni (singular translative)
Jupitereikseni (plural translative)
Jupiterittani (abessive singular)
Jupitereittani (abessive plural)
Jupitereineni (comitative plural)
Jupiterisi (nominative singular)
Jupiterisi (nominative plural)
Jupiterisi (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterisi (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterisi (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterisi (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterisi (genitive singular)
Jupiteriesi (genitive plural)
Jupitereidesi (genitive plural)
Jupitereittesi (genitive plural)
Jupiteriasi (partitive singular)
Jupitereitasi (partitive plural)
Jupiterejasi (partitive plural)
Jupiterissasi (inessive singular)
Jupitereissasi (inessive plural)
Jupiteristasi (elative singular)
Jupitereistasi (elative plural)
Jupiteriisi (illative singular)
Jupitereihisi (illative plural)
Jupiterillasi (adessive singular)
Jupitereillasi (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltasi (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltasi (ablative plural)
Jupiterillesi (allative singular)
Jupitereillesi (allative plural)
Jupiterinasi (essive singular)
Jupitereinasi (essive plural)
Jupiteriksesi (singular translative)
Jupitereiksesi (plural translative)
Jupiterittasi (abessive singular)
Jupitereittasi (abessive plural)
Jupitereinesi (comitative plural)
Jupiterimme (nominative singular)
Jupiterimme (nominative plural)
Jupiterimme (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterimme (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterimme (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterimme (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterimme (genitive singular)
Jupiteriemme (genitive plural)
Jupitereidemme (genitive plural)
Jupitereittemme (genitive plural)
Jupiteriamme (partitive singular)
Jupitereitamme (partitive plural)
Jupiterejamme (partitive plural)
Jupiterissamme (inessive singular)
Jupitereissamme (inessive plural)
Jupiteristamme (elative singular)
Jupitereistamme (elative plural)
Jupiteriimme (illative singular)
Jupitereihimme (illative plural)
Jupiterillamme (adessive singular)
Jupitereillamme (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltamme (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltamme (ablative plural)
Jupiterillemme (allative singular)
Jupitereillemme (allative plural)
Jupiterinamme (essive singular)
Jupitereinamme (essive plural)
Jupiteriksemme (singular translative)
Jupitereiksemme (plural translative)
Jupiterittamme (abessive singular)
Jupitereittamme (abessive plural)
Jupitereinemme (comitative plural)
Jupiterinne (nominative singular)
Jupiterinne (nominative plural)
Jupiterinne (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterinne (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterinne (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterinne (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterinne (genitive singular)
Jupiterienne (genitive plural)
Jupitereidenne (genitive plural)
Jupitereittenne (genitive plural)
Jupiterianne (partitive singular)
Jupitereitanne (partitive plural)
Jupiterejanne (partitive plural)
Jupiterissanne (inessive singular)
Jupitereissanne (inessive plural)
Jupiteristanne (elative singular)
Jupitereistanne (elative plural)
Jupiteriinne (illative singular)
Jupitereihinne (illative plural)
Jupiterillanne (adessive singular)
Jupitereillanne (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltanne (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltanne (ablative plural)
Jupiterillenne (allative singular)
Jupitereillenne (allative plural)
Jupiterinanne (essive singular)
Jupitereinanne (essive plural)
Jupiteriksenne (singular translative)
Jupitereiksenne (plural translative)
Jupiterittanne (abessive singular)
Jupitereittanne (abessive plural)
Jupitereinenne (comitative plural)
Jupiterinsa (nominative singular)
Jupiterinsa (nominative plural)
Jupiterinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Jupiterinsa (accusative nominative plural)
Jupiterinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Jupiterinsa (accusative genitive plural)
Jupiterinsa (genitive singular)
Jupiteriensa (genitive plural)
Jupitereidensa (genitive plural)
Jupitereittensa (genitive plural)
Jupiteriaan (partitive singular)
Jupiteriansa (partitive singular)
Jupitereitaan (partitive plural)
Jupiterejaan (partitive plural)
Jupitereitansa (partitive plural)
Jupiterejansa (partitive plural)
Jupiterissaan (inessive singular)
Jupiterissansa (inessive singular)
Jupitereissaan (inessive plural)
Jupitereissansa (inessive plural)
Jupiteristaan (elative singular)
Jupiteristansa (elative singular)
Jupitereistaan (elative plural)
Jupitereistansa (elative plural)
Jupiteriinsa (illative singular)
Jupitereihinsa (illative plural)
Jupiterillaan (adessive singular)
Jupiterillansa (adessive singular)
Jupitereillaan (adessive plural)
Jupitereillansa (adessive plural)
Jupiteriltaan (ablative singular)
Jupiteriltansa (ablative singular)
Jupitereiltaan (ablative plural)
Jupitereiltansa (ablative plural)
Jupiterilleen (allative singular)
Jupiterillensa (allative singular)
Jupitereilleen (allative plural)
Jupitereillensa (allative plural)
Jupiterinaan (essive singular)
Jupiterinansa (essive singular)
Jupitereinaan (essive plural)
Jupitereinansa (essive plural)
Jupiterikseen (singular translative)
Jupiteriksensa (singular translative)
Jupitereikseen (plural translative)
Jupitereiksensa (plural translative)
Jupiterittaan (abessive singular)
Jupiterittansa (abessive singular)
Jupitereittaan (abessive plural)
Jupitereittansa (abessive plural)
Jupitereineen (comitative plural)
Jupitereinensa (comitative plural)


Jupiter

de-proper noun

Jupiter m (proper noun, strong, genitive Jupiters or Jupiter)

Jupiters (genitive)
Jupiter (genitive)
Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupiters (genitive singular)
Jupiter (genitive singular)
Jupiter (dative singular)
Jupiter (accusative singular)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iūpiter (“Jupiter”).

Pluto

traditionally; by the IAU founded in 1919 only till 2006


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupiterek (nominative plural)
Jupitert (accusative singular)
Jupitereket (accusative plural)
Jupiternek (dative singular)
Jupitereknek (dative plural)
Jupiterrel (instrumental singular)
Jupiterekkel (instrumental plural)
Jupiterért (causal-final singular)
Jupiterekért (causal-final plural)
Jupiterré (singular translative)
Jupiterekké (plural translative)
Jupiterig (singular terminative)
Jupiterekig (plural terminative)
Jupiterként (essive-formal singular)
Jupiterekként (essive-formal plural)
Jupiterben (inessive singular)
Jupiterekben (inessive plural)
Jupiteren (singular superessive)
Jupitereken (plural superessive)
Jupiternél (adessive singular)
Jupitereknél (adessive plural)
Jupiterbe (illative singular)
Jupiterekbe (illative plural)
Jupiterre (singular sublative)
Jupiterekre (plural sublative)
Jupiterhez (allative singular)
Jupiterekhez (allative plural)
Jupiterből (elative singular)
Jupiterekből (elative plural)
Jupiterről (delative singular)
Jupiterekről (delative plural)
Jupitertől (ablative singular)
Jupiterektől (ablative plural)
Jupiteré (singular)
Jupitereké (plural)
Jupiteréi (singular)
Jupiterekéi (plural)
Jupiterem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Jupitereim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Jupitered (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Jupitereid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Jupitere (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Jupiterei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Jupiterünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Jupitereink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Jupiteretek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Jupitereitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Jupiterük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Jupitereik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


Jupiter

Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupitera (genitive singular)
Jupiterowi (dative singular)
Jupitera (accusative singular)
Jupiterem (instrumental singular)
Jupiterze (locative singular)
Jupiterze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djowe-, ablative case of *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Doublet of Jowisz and Zeus.

(Roman mythology) Jupiter (the chief god, the Roman god of the sky and lightning)


Jupiter

Jùpiter (canonical masculine)
Ју̀питер (Cyrillic)
Jupiter (nominative singular)
Jupitera (genitive singular)
Jupiteru (dative singular)
Jupiter (accusative singular)
Jupitera (accusative singular)
Jupiteru (singular vocative)
Jupiteru (locative singular)
Jupiterem (instrumental singular)


Jupiter

sk-proper noun

Jupiter m pers (genitive singular Jupitera, declension pattern of chlap)

Jupitera (genitive singular)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
Jupiter (nominative singular-only)
Jupitera (genitive singular-only)
Jupiterovi (dative singular-only)
Jupitera (accusative singular-only)
Jupiterovi (locative singular-only)
Jupiterom (instrumental singular-only)

Derived from Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”).


Jupiter

Jȗpitər (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Júpiter (nominative singular)
Júpitra (genitive singular)
Júpitru (dative singular)
Júpiter (accusative singular)
Júpitru (locative singular)
Júpitrom (instrumental singular)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Júpiter (nominative singular)
Júpitra (genitive singular)
Júpitru (dative singular)
Júpitra (accusative singular)
Júpitru (locative singular)
Júpitrom (instrumental singular)


black

en-adj

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

blacker (comparative)
more black (comparative)
blackest (superlative)
most black (superlative)

Bislama: blak

Sranan Tongo: blaka

Aukan: baaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: blaaka

Tok Pisin: blak

Torres Strait Creole: blaik

→ Dutch: black

→ French: black

→ Greek: μπλάκης (blákis)

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagrāre (“to burn”), Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga, “radiance”)). More at bleak.
Sense 20 is a semantic loan from Cantonese 黑面 (hak1 min6, “to pull a long face, to scowl”).

sort

of coffee or tea, without milk or other whitener

After the election, the parties united in a black-yellow alliance.

(German politics) Related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.

زِنْجِيّ

relating to people with dark skin — see also dark-skinned
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musta

politics: related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany


blue

en-adj

blue (comparative bluer or more blue, superlative bluest or most blue)

bluer (comparative)
more blue (comparative)
bluest (superlative)
most blue (superlative)

conservative

antonym(s) of “pertaining to the US Democratic Party”

red

antonym(s) of “dominated by higher-frequency electromagnetic radiation”

antiblue

antonym(s) of “having blue as its colour charge”

Tok Pisin: blu

→ Fiji Hindi: bulu

→ Shona: bhuluu

→ Somali: buluug

→ Swahili: bluu, buluu

→ Tooro: bururu

From Middle English blewe, from Anglo-Norman blew (“blue”), from Middle French bleu, from Old French blöe, bleve, blef (“blue”), from Frankish *blāu (“blue”) (perhaps through a Late Latin blāvus, blāvius (“blue”) attested from Isidore of Seville), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with dialectal English blow (“blue”), Scots blue, blew (“blue”), North Frisian bla, blö (“blue”), Saterland Frisian blau (“blue”), Dutch blauw (“blue”), German blau (“blue”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish blå (“blue”), Icelandic blár (“blue”), Latin flāvus (“yellow”), Middle Irish blá (“yellow”). Doublet of blow.
Possibly related also to English blee (“colour”), from Old English blēo (“colour”); but direct derivatives of Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”) in Old English include: Old English blāw and blēo (“blue”), Old English blǣwen (“bluish, light-blue”), blǣhǣwen (“blue-coloured, bluish, violet or purple colour”, literally “blue-hued”). There seems to be a parallel connection in Germanic between words for blue and colour, dually exemplified by Proto-West Germanic *blīu (“colour, blee”) and *blāu (“blue”); and Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“colour, hue”) and *hēwijaz (“blue, purple”).
The sense "obscene, pornographic" is apparently from the colour; various theories exist as to how it arose, including that it is from the colour of the envelopes used to contain missives of the censors and managers to vaudevillian performers on objectionable material from their acts that needed to be excised.

belau

blue-coloured — see also dark blue, light blue

(politics) Supportive of, run by (a member of), pertaining to, or dominated by a political party represented by the colour blue.

(UK politics) Supportive of or related to the Conservative Party.


blue

en-noun

blue (countable and uncountable, plural blues)

He is a true blue.

(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party.


red

red (countable and uncountable, plural reds)

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Cognates
See also West Frisian read, Low German root, rod, Dutch rood, German rot, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød, Norwegian Nynorsk raud; also Welsh rhudd, Latin ruber, rufus, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Albanian pruth (“redhead”), Russian ру́дый (rúdyj) ("red", "redhaired"). Czech rudý, Lithuanian raúdas, Finnish rauta, Estonian raud, Serbo-Croatian riđ ("reddish", "red"), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”).

sekobarbitaali

slang: secobarbital — see also secobarbital

(Ireland, UK, beverages, informal) Red lemonade


yellow

en-adj

yellow (comparative yellower or more yellow, superlative yellowest or most yellow)

yellower (comparative)
more yellow (comparative)
yellowest (superlative)
most yellow (superlative)

From Middle English yelwe, yelou, from Old English ġeolwe, oblique form of Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wos, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”).
Compare Welsh gwelw (“pale”), Latin helvus (“dull yellow”), Irish geal (“white, bright”), Italian giallo (“yellow”) Lithuanian žalias (“green”), Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “light green”), Persian زرد (zard, “yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “greenish-yellow”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), Russian зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”). Cognate with German gelb (“yellow”), Dutch geel (“yellow”).
The verb is from Old English ġeolwian, from the adjective.

cog

yellow constituencies

2012 March 2, Andrew Grice, “Yellow rebels take on Clegg over NHS 'betrayal'”, in The Independent:

(UK politics) Related to the Liberal Democrats.


Saxon

→ Korean: 색슨 (saekseun)

→ Welsh: Sacson

Partially from Middle English Saxe, Sax; from Old English *Seaxa (attested in plural Seaxan), and Saxoun, from Old French *Saxoun, Saxon (“Saxon”), from Late Latin Saxōnem, accusative of Saxō (“a Saxon”), both from Proto-West Germanic *sahs, from Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“rock, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”). Doublet of Sais.
Cognates
Cognate with Middle Low German sasse (“someone speaking Saxon, i.e. (Middle) Low German”), Old English Seaxa (“a Saxon”), Old High German Sahso (“a Saxon”), Icelandic Saxi (“a Saxon”), Estonian saks (“lord; German”), Finnish Saksa (“Germany”). Also cognate to Old English seax (“a knife, hip-knife, an instrument for cutting, a short sword, dirk, dagger”); more at sax.

Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.

1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170:

A member of an ancient West Germanic tribe that lived at the eastern North Sea coast and south of it.


Saxon

census-designated place
census-designated place

Spartanburg County
Spartanburg County#English

A census-designated place in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States.

An unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States.

A town and census-designated place therein, in Iron County, Wisconsin, United States.

A municipality in Martigny district, Valais canton, Switzerland.


nickel

en-noun

nickel (countable and uncountable, plural nickels)

Borrowed from German Nickel, first used in a text by the Swedish mineralogist Axel F. Cronstedt as an abbreviation of Kupfernickel (“a mineral containing copper and nickel”), from Kupfer (“copper”) + Nickel (“insignificant person, goblin”), originally nickname of Nikolaus (“Nicholas”), due to the deceptive silver colour of the relatively valueless ore. Compare cobalt as related to kobolds.

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will get you on the subway

you pays your nickel and you takes your chances

you pays your nickel and you takes your choice

Colonel Hazeltine still had trouble persuading air commanders to drop the nickels. Pilots profanely protested against risking their necks on such foolishness. But in the end 15,000,000 leaflets a week were being dropped on Sicily and Italy.

1945, The Saturday Evening Post, volume 217, Curtis Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 79:

Many types of nickels were used in psychological warfare. Classified according to general purpose, there were strategic and tactical leaflets.

1948, The Army Air Forces in World War II, volume 3, Office of Air Force History, →ISBN, page 495:

Nickels, the code-name for propaganda leaflets, were ordinary 8-1/2×11" sheets of paper either printed on both sides or folded in half and printed on all four sides. […] On most of our flights, after leaving the DZ or landing strip we distributed 150 to 450 pounds of nickels over designated areas, and a few of our missions were nickel runs only.

2010, Richard H. Kraemer, The Secret War in the Balkans, Author House, →ISBN, page 136:

(UK, World War II) An airborne propaganda leaflet.


nickel

en-verb

nickel (third-person singular simple present nickels, present participle nickeling or nickelling, simple past and past participle nickeled or nickelled)

nickels (present singular third-person)
nickeling (participle present)
nickelling (participle present)
nickeled (participle past)
nickeled (past)
nickelled (participle past)
nickelled (past)

The 422d Bombardment Squadron extended the scope of its operations considerably in April and "attacked" Norwegian targets with the leaflet bomb. The number of cities nickeled per mission also increased until it was common for fifteen to twenty-five to be scheduled as targets for a five-plane mission.

1948, The Army Air Forces in World War II, volume 3, Office of Air Force History, →ISBN, pages 496–497:

We flew numerous nickeling missions over the population centers of Southern France, dropping thousands of pounds of leaflets.

1966, Monro MacCloskey, Secret Air Missions, R. Rosen Press, →OCLC, page 36:

From southern Greece to northern Italy, nickeling supplied both occupied peoples and their occupiers with fairly frequent and generally accurate reports of the war — in many cases, their only authoritative source of information.

(UK, World War II) To distribute airborne leaflet propaganda.


pip

Apparently representing a shortened form of pippin, from Middle English pipin, from Old French pepin (“a seed”) (French pépin).

(British, dated, World War I, signalese) P in RAF phonetic alphabet.


Frisian

From Middle English Frisoun, taken from Old French frison (“a Frisian”), itself derived from Latin Frīsiī (“Frisians”). Displaced native Old English Frīsa (“a Frisian”); see the plural Frīsan for more.

In the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands, a high percentage of the population, about 350000, speak Frisian as their first language.

1998, Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys Jones, Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education, page 405:

This means that full competence in both Frisian and Dutch (ie understanding, speaking, reading and writing ability) is aimed at all pupils in the province, whether they speak Frisian or Dutch at home.

2000, Jasone Cenoz, Ulrike Jessner, English in Europe: the acquisition of a third language, page 223:

Many Frisians speak Frisian at home and Dutch at work.

2005, Pat Seward, Sunandini Arora Lal, Netherlands, page 89:

A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

(specifically) The West Frisian (or Western Frisian) lect, spoken in the northern Netherlands.

(specifically) Saterland Frisian, the last surviving dialect of the East Frisian lect, spoken in Northern Germany close to the Dutch border.

(specifically) The North Frisian lect, spoken in northwestern Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.


Frisian

A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).

ֆրիզ

member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to Frisia


invest

invest (third-person singular simple present invests, present participle investing, simple past and past participle invested)

invests (present singular third-person)
investing (participle present)
invested (participle past)
invested (past)

Borrowed from Middle French investir or Medieval Latin investire, from Latin investio (“to clothe, cover”), from in- (“in, on”) + vestio (“to clothe, dress”), from vestis (“clothing”); see vest. The sense “to spend money etc.” probably via Italian investire, of the same root.

надели́ть

полномочиями, властью, правами

The outcome also makes it very difficult for Feijóo to become the next PM, because he does not have the support to be invested as such, unless there are changes in the initial positions of key players such as the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV).

2023 July 24, Carlos Cué, “In Spain, the left's resistance thwarts a PP-Vox majority and leaves all possibilities open”, in El País, retrieved 2023-08-06:

(Spanish politics) To inaugurate the Prime Minister of Spain after a successful parliamentary vote.


sol

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-sol.wav

From Old French sol (“French coin”) (modern French sou), from Latin solidum, the accusative singular of solidus (“Roman gold coin; (adjective) solid”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole”). Doublet of sold, soldo, solid, solidus, sou, and xu.

doublet

This fellow, For ſix ſols more, would pleade againſt his Maker.

1605 (first performance), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Volpone, or The Foxe. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act IV, scene v, pages 502–503:

Moſt of their owne coines that I ſaw were theſe. In gold but one, which is their chiquiney: This piece doth much vary in the value. For ſometimes it is high, ſometimes low. When I was there, a chiquiney was worth eleuen liuers, and twelue ſols. Which counteruaileth eight ſhillings and eight pence halfe penny of our money.

1611, Thomas Coryate [i.e., Thomas Coryat], Coryats Crudities Hastily Gobled Vp in Five Moneths Trauells […], London: […] W[illiam] S[tansby for the author], →OCLC, page 285, lines 18–24:

It was the fate of the grenadier company, to which I now belonged, to lie at Rheims, where I found myſelf in the utmoſt want of every thing: My pay, which amounted to five ſols a day, far from ſupplying me with neceſſaries; being ſcarce ſufficient to procure a wretched ſubſiſtance, to keep ſoul and body together; […]

1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter XLIV, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume II, London: […] [William Strahan] for J[ohn] Osborn […], →OCLC, page 69:

(historical) An old coin from France and some other countries worth 12 deniers.


mill

Sranan Tongo: miri

→ Hindi: मिल (mil)

From Middle English mylne, mille, from Old English mylen, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnu (“mill”), from Late Latin molīna, molīnum, molīnus (“mill”), from Latin molō (“grind, mill”, verb), closely allied to Proto-Germanic *muljaną (“to crush, grind”) (see English millstone). Perhaps cognate with Milne (a surname). Doublet of moline and moulin.

cog

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

every miller draws water to his own mill

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

(World War I– World War II, US military slang) A military prison, either guardhouse or post prison.

(World War I– World War II military slang) A delousing station, cootie mill.


as

→ German: As, Ass

→ Hungarian: ász

→ Turkish: as

→ Vietnamese: át


abaco

From Latin abacus (“counting board”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board”).

abbaco

art of counting; except in the meaning of

(historical, Ancient Rome) a board used to display pottery during banquets


earth

en-noun

earth (countable and uncountable, plural earths)

From Middle English erthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō (“dirt, ground, earth”) (compare West Frisian ierde, Low German Eerd, Dutch aarde, Dutch Low Saxon eerde, German Erde, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian jord), related to *erwô (“earth”) (compare Old High German ero, perhaps Old Norse jǫrfi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er- (compare Ancient Greek *ἔρα (*éra, “earth”) in ἔραζε (éraze, “to the ground, to earth”), perhaps Tocharian B yare (“gravel”).
Probably unrelated, but of unknown etymology, is Old Armenian երկիր (erkir, “earth”). Likewise, the phonologically similar Proto-Semitic *ʔarṣ́- – whence Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ), Hebrew אֶרֶץ (ʾereṣ) – is probably related.

inh

earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust

(alchemy, philosophy and Taoism) The aforementioned soil- or rock-based material, considered one of the four or five classical elements.


om

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ओम् (om) (symbol ॐ (oṃ)). The former (om) is used in both Buddhist and Hindu settings, while the latter (aum) is usually used only in Jain and Hindu settings.

lbor

In fact it sounded exactly like the voice of Livia, her vanished sister, and, like her, it was intoning the Aum just as she used once to do at the beginning of her yoga sessions.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 800:

Om is pronounced "a-a-o-o-u-u-m-m" and is repeated slowly for as long as possible.

2001 October 20, Hazel Curry, The Guardian:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


om

From Sanskrit ओं (oṃ) or औं (auṃ) or ॐ (oṃ). Cognate with Balinese ᬒᬁ.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) om: a sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


ba

Any ordinary person who has ever floated out of his body during a nap knows what a Ba is, but unfortunately the dogmas of our materialistic culture constrain the person to ignore and repress his experience.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 220:

But the Ba, I remembered, could be seen as the mistress of your heart and might or might not decide to speak to you, just as the heart cannot always forgive.

(Egyptian mythology) A being's soul or personality, represented as a bird-headed figure, which survives after death but must be sustained with offerings of food.


Victoria

en-proper noun

Victoria (countable and uncountable, plural Victorias or Victoriae)

From Latin Victōria, from victōria (“victory”). Doublet of Vitória. The given name can also be analyzed as the male name Victor + -ia. The places were named in honour of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of victory, the counterpart of the Greek goddess Nike.


AP

Alianza Popular
w:Popular Alliance (Spain)

(Spanish politics, historical) Initialism of Alianza Popular, a Spanish political party (1977–1989).


RN

Rassemblement national
Rassemblement national#French

(French politics) Abbreviation of Rassemblement national (“National Rally”).


RS

Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire
w:Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire

(fandom slang) Initialism of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire.


SP

SP (nominative singular)
SP (genitive singular)
SP (dative singular)
SP (accusative singular)

w:de:Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz

(Swiss politics) Initialism of Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz (“Social Democratic Party of Switzerland”).


ML

en-noun

ML (countable and uncountable, plural MLs)

(slang, manga, anime) Abbreviation of male lead.


CT

(Egyptology) Initialism of Coffin Texts.


FL

(slang, manga, anime) Abbreviation of female lead.


banshee

desc

→ Arabic: بَانْشِي (bānšī)

→ Arabic: بَانْشِي (bānšī)

→ Catalan: banshee

→ Dutch: banshee

→ Esperanto: banŝio

→ Finnish: banshee

→ French: banshee, banshie

→ German: Banshee

→ Japanese: バンシー (banshī)

→ Korean: 반시 (bansi)

→ Northern Kurdish: banşî

→ Portuguese: banshee

→ Russian: ба́нши (bánši), банши́ (banší), ба́ньши (bánʹši), баньши́ (banʹší)

→ Spanish: banshee

Borrowed from Irish bean sí, from Old Irish ben síde (literally “woman of the fairy mound”). The term banshee entered English in 1771.

der

Late had he heard, in prophet's dream, / The fatal Ben-Shie's boding scream […].

1810, The Lady of the Lake, Walter Scott, 3.VII:

(Scotland, Ireland, folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.


banshee

(Irish mythology) banshee (a female spirit who warns of impending death)


talent

From Middle English talent, from Old English talente, borrowed from the plural of Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance, a particular weight, especially of gold, sum of money, a talent”). Compare Old High German talenta (“talent”). Later figurative senses are from Old French talent (“talent, will, inclination, desire”), derived from the biblical Parable of the Talents.

For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods. And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew XXV:14-15:

(historical) A unit of weight and money used in ancient times in Greece, the Roman Empire, and the Middle East, equal to about 30 to 60 kg in various times and places.


talent

Borrowed from Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a particular weight, especially of gold; sum of money; a talent”).

der

(historical, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece) a talent (an obsolete unit of weight or money)


krowa

pl-noun

krowa f (diminutive krówka, augmentative krówsko, related adjective krowi)

krówka (diminutive)
krówsko (augmentative)
krowi (adjective)
krowa (nominative singular)
krowy (nominative plural)
krowy (genitive singular)
krów (genitive plural)
krowie (dative singular)
krowom (dative plural)
krowę (accusative singular)
krowy (accusative plural)
krową (instrumental singular)
krowami (instrumental plural)
krowie (locative singular)
krowach (locative plural)
krowo (singular vocative)
krowy (plural vocative)

(historical, informal) Nebelwerfer (World War II German series of mortar weapons)


PBB

Partai Bulan Bintang
w:id:Partai Bulan Bintang

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Bulan Bintang (literally “Crescent Star Party”).


PBB

Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
w:ms:Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (“United Bumiputera Heritage Party”).


chat

'Do officers have chats, then, the same as us?'
'Not the same, no. The chats they got is bigger and better, with pips on their shoulders and Sam Browne belts.'

1977, Mary Emily Pearce, Apple Tree Lean Down, page 520

May a thousand chats from Belgium crawl under their fingers as they write.

2007, How Can I Sleep when the Seagull Calls?, →ISBN, page 18:

Trench foot was a nasty and potentially fatal foot disease commonly caused by these conditions, in which chats or body lice were the bane of all.

2013, Graham Seal, The Soldiers' Press: Trench Journals in the First World War, →ISBN, page 149:

(British, Australia, New Zealand, World War I military slang) A louse (small, parasitic insect).


Briton

From Old French Breton, from Latin Brittō or its Celtic equivalent (Welsh Brython). Doublet of Breton and Brython.

At last the Saxons had killed nearly all the Britons, and the few who remained took refuge in the mountains, in that part of the country which we now call Wales, and in Cornwall.

1905, Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall, Our Island Story, page 59:

He writhed for twenty minutes under the flowery and eulogistic periods of the president, and rose himself in the state of confused indignation which the Briton feels when he is publicly approved.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

The ancient Britons were particularly fond of Anglesey, which the Romans knew as Mona.

An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.

brità

ancient Celts in the area of modern England and Wales

the British

native of Great Britain, subject of the UK


liberal

The adjective is from Old French liberal, from Latin līberālis (“befitting a freeman”), from līber (“free”); it is attested since the 14th century. The noun is first attested in the 1800s.

vasemmistolainen

someone left-wing — see also progressive, left-winger

(UK politics) One who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights, and laissez-faire markets (also called "classical liberal"; compare libertarian).

liberaali

Britain: one who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights and laissez-faire markets


漢

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (漢):
* → Japanese: 漢(かん) (kan)
* → Korean: 한(漢) (han)
* → Vietnamese: Hán (漢)

→ Arabic: هان (hān)

→ Bulgarian: хан (han)

→ English: Han

→ Finnish: Han

→ French: Han

→ German: Han

→ Khmer: ហាន (haan)

→ Polish: Han

→ Portuguese: han

→ Russian: хань (xanʹ), ханец (xanec)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hnaːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 暵 (OC *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) or 熯 (or 難 according to Xu Shen) – name of a river in China (漢水 or 漢江). Xu Shen links the third contracted phonetic component to the ancient variant 灘. The component to the left as a result of a contraction appears as a variant of 堇, which is the pictogram of a man burned alive as a sacrifice. It is partly unclear whether or not the phonetic component also suggests a morphological feature of the Han river (e.g., a dry river or a river that flows with difficulty) or simply indicates part of the pronunciation; Xu Shen puts no explanation.
A second ancient variant of the character reported by Xu Shen is 㵄 (perhaps analyzable as 淢 and 大).
The usage for the Chinese ethnicity first appeared during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, claiming the Han dynasty as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. Before the Han dynasty, the Chinese referred their land as 華夏 ("Huaxia"), and themselves as 諸華 ("various Hua people") or 諸夏 ("various people/descendants of the Xias"). "Xia" ("Summer; great, splendid") also gave the name to the first semi-legendary Chinese dinasty, the Xia Dinasty (夏朝).

Han compound

When asking about the name of the current dynasty, it became apparent that they did not know about the Han Dynasty, much less the Wei or Jin Dynasties.

421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)

Wèn jīn shì hé shì, nǎi bùzhī yǒu Hàn, wúlùn Wèi Jìn.

問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。

问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。


advocate

en-verb

advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)

advocates (present singular third-person)
advocating (participle present)
advocated (participle past)
advocated (past)

From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow.

doublet

(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.

(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.


got

got (indefinite nominative singular)
gots (genitive indefinite singular)
goten (definite nominative singular)
gotens (definite genitive singular)
goter (indefinite nominative plural)
goters (genitive indefinite plural)
goterna (definite nominative plural)
goternas (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Swedish gotar. Doublet of gute. Compare origin of göt.

(historical) Goth (member of the ancient group of peoples)


lit

lit (nominative singular)
lity (nominative plural)
lita (genitive singular)
litów (genitive plural)
litowi (dative singular)
litom (dative plural)
lita (accusative singular)
lity (accusative plural)
litem (instrumental singular)
litami (instrumental plural)
licie (locative singular)
litach (locative plural)
licie (singular vocative)
lity (plural vocative)

(historical) litas (former unit of currency of Lithuania)


actor

→ Scottish Gaelic: actair

→ Welsh: actor

Inherited from Middle English actour, from Anglo-Norman actor, Middle French actor, and their source, Latin āctor (“doer”), from agō (“to do”). Equivalent to act + -or. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκτωρ (áktōr, “leader”), from ἄγω (ágō, “lead, carry, convey, bring”).

(obsolete, Ancient Rome) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes.


空

Jingpho language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 穴 (“cave, hole”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice; inner part”). 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”) is probably the endoactive derivation of 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, “hollow; empty”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁུང (khung, “hole”), Jingpho ladi hku (“nostril”), Chepang घाङ् (gʰaŋ, “hole”), Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “cavity”), Naxi ko³³ (“cave; hole; pit”) (STEDT). See also 坑 (OC *kʰraːŋ, “pit”) and 肛 (OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ, “anus”), which may or may not be related.


reset

In early times it was common to charge the reset of property taken by robbery as reset of theft. But in later practice reset of property taken by robbery has been frequently libelled and found relevant (1).

1867, John H. A. MacDonald, A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law of Scotland, Edinburgh: William Paterson, page 405:

(Scots law) The crime of knowingly and dishonestly receiving stolen goods, or harbouring an outlaw.


reset

en-verb

reset (third-person singular simple present resets, present participle resetting, simple past and past participle resetted)

resets (present singular third-person)
resetting (participle present)
resetted (participle past)
resetted (past)

Criminal resetting of property shall not be limited to the receiving of property taken by theft or robbery, but shall extend to the receiving of property appropriated by breach of trust and embezzlement and by falsehood, fraud and wilful imposition.

1995, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Part VI, section 51”, in Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, page 41:

(Scots law) To receive and hide (stolen goods, or a criminal, etc.)


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

A tool, control, or instrument shaped somewhat like a stick.

(US military slang, World War I) An aircraft’s propeller.


wake

From Middle English wake, from Old English wacu, from Proto-Germanic *wakō, related to the verb *wakjaną.

1523–1525, Jean Froissart, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners (translator), Froissart's Chronicles
Great solemnities were made in all churches, and great fairs and wakes throughout all England.

And every village smokes at wakes with lusty cheer.

1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC:

(historical, Church of England) A yearly parish festival formerly held in commemoration of the dedication of a church. Originally, prayers were said on the evening preceding, and hymns were sung during the night, in the church; subsequently, these vigils were discontinued, and the day itself, often with succeeding days, was occupied in rural pastimes and exercises, attended by eating and drinking.


wet

en-noun

wet (countable and uncountable, plural wets)

From Middle English wet (“wet, moistened”), wett, wette, past participle of Middle English weten (“to wet”), from Old English wǣtan (“to wet, moisten, water”), from Proto-Germanic *wētijaną (“to wet, make wet”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water, wet”) (also the source of water).
Cognate with Scots weit, wete (“to wet”), Saterland Frisian wäitje (“to wet; drench”), Icelandic væta (“to wet”). Compare also Middle English weet (“wet”), from Old English wǣt (“wet, moist, rainy”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāt, from Proto-Germanic *wētaz (“wet, moist”), related to Scots weit, weet, wat (“wet”), North Frisian wiat, weet, wäit (“wet”), Saterland Frisian wäit (“wet”), West Frisian wiet (“wet”), Middle Dutch wet (“wet, damp, watery”), Swedish and Norwegian våt (“wet”), Danish våd (“wet”), Faroese vátur (“wet”), Icelandic votur (“wet”).

cog

(British, UK politics, derogatory) A moderate Conservative; especially, one who opposed the hard-line policies of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s.


coal

en-noun

coal (countable and uncountable, plural coals)

→ Hausa: kwal

From Middle English cole, from Old English col, from Proto-West Germanic *kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą (compare West Frisian koal, Dutch kool, German Kohle, Danish kul), from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Compare Old Irish gúal (“coal”), Lithuanian žvìlti (“to twinkle, glow”), Persian زغال (zoğâl, “live coal”), Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”), Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”), all from the same root.

(military slang, World War I– World War II) Bombs emitting black smoke on impact.


clean

en-verb

clean (third-person singular simple present cleans, present participle cleaning, simple past and past participle cleaned)

cleans (present singular third-person)
cleaning (participle present)
cleaned (participle past)
cleaned (past)

From Middle English clene, clane, from Old English clǣne (“clean, pure”), from Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“shining, fine, splendid, tender”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *glēy- (“gleaming”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to gleam”). Cognate with Scots clean (“absolute, pure, clear, empty”) and clene, clane (“clean”), North Frisian klien (“small”), West Frisian klien (“small”), klean (“clean”), Dutch klein (“small”), Low German kleen (“small”), German klein (“small”), Swedish klen (“weak, feeble, delicate”), Icelandic klénn (“poor, feeble, petty, snug, puny, cheesy, lame”).

cog

(manga fandom slang) To purge a raw of any blemishes caused by the scanning process such as brown tinting and poor color contrast.


buzzard

From Middle English bosart, from Anglo-Norman buisart, from Old French busart, busard, a derivative ( + -ard) of Old French buison, buson (French buse), possibly from Latin būteō (“hawk”).

(US, military slang, World War I) A fighter plane.


dry

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

(British, UK politics) A radical or hard-line Conservative; especially, one who supported the policies of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s.


hedgehog

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɒɡ/

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɔɡ/

From Middle English heyghoge; equivalent to hedge + hog. Eclipsed non-native Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog”), from Old French hirchoun, herichon (“hedgehog”); and Middle English il, from Old English īl, iġil (“hedgehog”).

(informal, military, historical) A spigot mortar-type of depth charge weapon from World War II that simultaneously fires a number of explosives into the water to create a pattern of underwater explosions intended to attack submerged submarines.


USA

→ German: USA

→ Ido: Usa

َالْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة الْأَمْرِيكِيَّة

United Sabah Alliance
w:United Sabah Alliance

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of United Sabah Alliance.


krok

pl-noun

krok m inan (diminutive kroczek, related adjective kroczny)

kroczek (diminutive)
kroczny (adjective)
krok (nominative singular)
kroki (nominative plural)
kroku (genitive singular)
kroków (genitive plural)
krokowi (dative singular)
krokom (dative plural)
krok (accusative singular)
kroki (accusative plural)
krokiem (instrumental singular)
krokami (instrumental plural)
kroku (locative singular)
krokach (locative plural)
kroku (singular vocative)
kroki (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: крок (krok)

→ Ukrainian: крок (krok)

Inherited from Old Polish *krok. First attested in 1534.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “krok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(metrology, Ancient Rome) step (Roman unit of length equal to five Roman feet)


whip

→ Irish: fuip

⇒ Jamaican Creole: wip

From Middle English whippen, wippen (“to flap violently”), from Middle Dutch wippen (“to swing, leap, dance, oscillate”) and Middle Low German wippen (“to move quickly”), from Proto-Germanic *wipjaną (“to move back and forth”). Some similarity to Sanskrit root वेप् (vep, “shake, flourish”), Latin vibrō (“I shake”). (See Swedish vippa and Danish vippe (“to shake”)).
The unetymological wh- is probably expressive of the sound of a whip; compare the same development in whisk and onomatopoeias such as whack and whoosh.
The political senses are from whipper-in (“huntsman who keeps the hounds from wandering”), 18th century hunting terminology.

der

(UK politics, with definite article) A document distributed weekly to MPs by party whips informing them of upcoming votes in parliament.

to withdraw the whip

As a result, he was stripped of the whip on Tuesday, preventing him from voting in the fourth ballot to narrow down candidates to be the next party leader.

2022 July 20, Heather Stewart, “Tobias Ellwood temporarily given back Tory whip to vote in leadership contest”, in The Guardian:

In the letter, Hancock said he had spoken to the Conservatives’ chief whip, Simon Hart, last week, and been told the whip would be restored in time, “but that is now not necessary” – meaning he will sit as an independent until the next election.

2022 December 7, Peter Walker, “Row grows over Matt Hancock’s announcement he is quitting as MP”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics, by extension) The regular status of an MP within a parliamentary party, which can be revoked by the party as a disciplinary measure.


Europe

English: Europe, Europa (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Europe

Learned borrowing from Latin Eurōpa, borrowed from Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa).


Asia

en-proper noun

Asia (countable and uncountable, plural Asias)

From Middle English Asia, Asie, from Old French Asie and Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊 (a-si-wi-ja /aswijaː/), in turn probably from Hittite 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa /Aššuwa/, “northwest Anatolia”) of uncertain origin. Potentially from an Aegean language family substrate or Akkadian. Possibly a doublet of Assuwa.

der

67 Asia
Asia
Asia (mythology)
United Nations Statistics Division

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the wife of the Titan, Iapetus, and mother of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menoetius.


神

→ English: kami

Ainu language
Japanese language
Korean language
Kyūjitai
Old Japanese language
Proto-Japonic language
Shinjitai

⟨kami₂⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamui.
Not related to 上 (kami₁ → kami, “top, upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”).
Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is an unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, ma-, “eye”) or 酒 (sake, saka-, “sake, liquor”). See also WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.
Compare Korean 검 (geom, “god, spirit”) and Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).

(Shinto) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto


shogun

From Japanese 将軍 (shōgun), itself the short form of 征夷大将軍 (seii taishōgun, literally “general who overcomes the barbarians”), ultimately from Middle Chinese. Doublet of jiangjun.

The third is the Shogun who reygneth at the preſent, and hath rayſed the perſecution (whereof this booke intreateth) againſt the Chriſtians, and he as it ſeemeth is acknowledged as Lord of all the threeſcore and ſix Kingdomes of Iaponia.

1619, W. W. Gent, transl., A briefe relation of the persecution lately made against the Catholike christians, in the Kingdome of Iaponia, devided into two books:

The supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan.


shogun

shogun (nominative singular)
shoguni (nominative plural)
shogunowie (nominative plural)
shoguny (derogatory nominative plural)
shoguna (genitive singular)
shogunów (genitive plural)
shogunowi (dative singular)
shogunom (dative plural)
shoguna (accusative singular)
shogunów (accusative plural)
shogunem (instrumental singular)
shogunami (instrumental plural)
shogunie (locative singular)
shogunach (locative plural)
shogunie (singular vocative)
shoguni (plural vocative)
shogunowie (plural vocative)
shoguny (derogatory plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English shogun.

(uncommon, historical, military) Alternative spelling of szogun


muffler

→ Japanese: マフラー

→ Spanish: mofle

→ Welsh: myffler

(World War I military slang, rare) A gasmask.


animé

From Japanese アニメ (“anime”), from アニメーション (“animēshon”), from English animation.


anime

en-noun

anime (countable and uncountable, plural anime or animes)

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), itself borrowed from English animation, from Latin animātiō, from animāre.

Gotta get in tune with Sailor Moon / 'Cause that cartoon has got the boom anime babes / That make me think the wrong thing

1998, “One Week”, performed by Barenaked Ladies:

After three months of successful sales in manga form, it was made into an anime for television.

2005, Peter J. Katzenstein, A World of Regions, page 165:

Usually the manga comes first, though it may be an offshoot of a novel, and an anime may be inspired by a video game.

2005, Joan D. Vinge, The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror: Eighteenth Annual Collection, page cix:

These anime prepared the way for Otaku no video, a two-part Original Video Animation (OVA).

2006, Thomas LaMarre, edited by Tomiko Yoda and Harry D. Harootunian, Japan After Japan, page 363:

(countable) An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.


anime

anime (absolutive indefinite)
animea (absolutive indefinite singular)
animeak (absolutive indefinite plural)
animek (ergative indefinite)
animeak (ergative indefinite singular)
animeek (ergative indefinite plural)
animeri (dative indefinite)
animeari (dative indefinite singular)
animeei (dative indefinite plural)
animeren (genitive indefinite)
animearen (genitive indefinite singular)
animeen (genitive indefinite plural)
animerekin (comitative indefinite)
animearekin (comitative indefinite singular)
animeekin (comitative indefinite plural)
animerengatik (causative indefinite)
animearengatik (causative indefinite singular)
animeengatik (causative indefinite plural)
animerentzat (benefactive indefinite)
animearentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
animeentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
animez (indefinite instrumental)
animeaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
animeez (indefinite instrumental plural)
animetan (indefinite inessive)
animean (indefinite inessive singular)
animeetan (indefinite inessive plural)
animetako (indefinite locative)
animeko (indefinite locative singular)
animeetako (indefinite locative plural)
animetara (allative indefinite)
animera (allative indefinite singular)
animeetara (allative indefinite plural)
animetaraino (indefinite terminative)
animeraino (indefinite singular terminative)
animeetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
animetarantz (directive indefinite)
animerantz (directive indefinite singular)
animeetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
animetarako (destinative indefinite)
animerako (destinative indefinite singular)
animeetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
animetatik (ablative indefinite)
animetik (ablative indefinite singular)
animeetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
animerik (indefinite partitive)
animetzat (indefinite prolative)

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), ultimately from English animation.

Beste batzuk, berriz, animeetako marrazkien antzera janzten dira; Alizia herrialde miresgarrian ipuinetik ateratakoak ematen du zenbaitek.

2009 December 27, Elena Senao, “Japoniarren bi aurpegiak”, in Argia, number 2212:

Others, however, disguise themselves in the style of anime cartoons; some look like characters from the tale Alice in Wonderland.


anime

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ. First attested in 1997.

Coordinate term: manga

(animation) anime (animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style)


anime

pl-adj

anime (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(animation, postpositive, relational) anime (animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style)


manga

en-noun

manga (countable and uncountable, plural manga or mangas)

desc

→ Hindi: मांगा (māṅgā), माँगा (māṅgā), मैंगा (maiṅgā)

Black Cat (manga)
Hokusai
manga (disambiguation)

Borrowed from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Compare Mandarin 漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà), Korean 만화 (漫畵／漫畫, manhwa). After an 1814 book by Katsushika Hokusai. Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

zh-l

漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà)

English speakers are quick to notice the at times incorrect use of English in anime and manga. Many English words are customarily used in standard Japanese speech, and sometimes they are pronounced and employed in a manner quite different from their native use.

2001, Gilles Poitras, “What makes anime unique”, in Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know, page 63:

Manga (Japanese comics) are everywhere. Even here in Auckland. One can find various titles in their original versions as well as in Chinese, Korean and English translations.

2007, Yukako Sunaoshi, “Who reads comics? Manga readership among first-generation Asian immigrants in New Zealand”, in Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan, page 94:

Manga-influenced comics by Western authors are frequently sold alongside manga, although in most bookstores the decision is primarily a matter of format and packaging (i.e., whether the book is printed in the compact manga size or the traditionally larger American comic book format).

2012, Jason Thompson, “Introduction”, in Manga: The Complete Guide, page 46:

(countable, comics) A comic originating in Japan.


manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), after an 1814 book by Katsushika Hokusai.

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


manga

manga (nominative singular)
mangat (nominative plural)
manga (accusative nominative singular)
mangat (accusative nominative plural)
mangan (accusative genitive singular)
mangat (accusative genitive plural)
mangan (genitive singular)
mangojen (genitive plural)
mangain (genitive plural rare)
mangaa (partitive singular)
mangoja (partitive plural)
mangassa (inessive singular)
mangoissa (inessive plural)
mangasta (elative singular)
mangoista (elative plural)
mangaan (illative singular)
mangoihin (illative plural)
mangalla (adessive singular)
mangoilla (adessive plural)
mangalta (ablative singular)
mangoilta (ablative plural)
mangalle (allative singular)
mangoille (allative plural)
mangana (essive singular)
mangoina (essive plural)
mangaksi (singular translative)
mangoiksi (plural translative)
mangatta (abessive singular)
mangoitta (abessive plural)
mangoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mangani (nominative singular)
mangani (nominative plural)
mangani (accusative nominative singular)
mangani (accusative nominative plural)
mangani (accusative genitive singular)
mangani (accusative genitive plural)
mangani (genitive singular)
mangojeni (genitive plural)
mangaini (genitive plural rare)
mangaani (partitive singular)
mangojani (partitive plural)
mangassani (inessive singular)
mangoissani (inessive plural)
mangastani (elative singular)
mangoistani (elative plural)
mangaani (illative singular)
mangoihini (illative plural)
mangallani (adessive singular)
mangoillani (adessive plural)
mangaltani (ablative singular)
mangoiltani (ablative plural)
mangalleni (allative singular)
mangoilleni (allative plural)
manganani (essive singular)
mangoinani (essive plural)
mangakseni (singular translative)
mangoikseni (plural translative)
mangattani (abessive singular)
mangoittani (abessive plural)
mangoineni (comitative plural)
mangasi (nominative singular)
mangasi (nominative plural)
mangasi (accusative nominative singular)
mangasi (accusative nominative plural)
mangasi (accusative genitive singular)
mangasi (accusative genitive plural)
mangasi (genitive singular)
mangojesi (genitive plural)
mangaisi (genitive plural rare)
mangaasi (partitive singular)
mangojasi (partitive plural)
mangassasi (inessive singular)
mangoissasi (inessive plural)
mangastasi (elative singular)
mangoistasi (elative plural)
mangaasi (illative singular)
mangoihisi (illative plural)
mangallasi (adessive singular)
mangoillasi (adessive plural)
mangaltasi (ablative singular)
mangoiltasi (ablative plural)
mangallesi (allative singular)
mangoillesi (allative plural)
manganasi (essive singular)
mangoinasi (essive plural)
mangaksesi (singular translative)
mangoiksesi (plural translative)
mangattasi (abessive singular)
mangoittasi (abessive plural)
mangoinesi (comitative plural)
mangamme (nominative singular)
mangamme (nominative plural)
mangamme (accusative nominative singular)
mangamme (accusative nominative plural)
mangamme (accusative genitive singular)
mangamme (accusative genitive plural)
mangamme (genitive singular)
mangojemme (genitive plural)
mangaimme (genitive plural rare)
mangaamme (partitive singular)
mangojamme (partitive plural)
mangassamme (inessive singular)
mangoissamme (inessive plural)
mangastamme (elative singular)
mangoistamme (elative plural)
mangaamme (illative singular)
mangoihimme (illative plural)
mangallamme (adessive singular)
mangoillamme (adessive plural)
mangaltamme (ablative singular)
mangoiltamme (ablative plural)
mangallemme (allative singular)
mangoillemme (allative plural)
manganamme (essive singular)
mangoinamme (essive plural)
mangaksemme (singular translative)
mangoiksemme (plural translative)
mangattamme (abessive singular)
mangoittamme (abessive plural)
mangoinemme (comitative plural)
manganne (nominative singular)
manganne (nominative plural)
manganne (accusative nominative singular)
manganne (accusative nominative plural)
manganne (accusative genitive singular)
manganne (accusative genitive plural)
manganne (genitive singular)
mangojenne (genitive plural)
mangainne (genitive plural rare)
mangaanne (partitive singular)
mangojanne (partitive plural)
mangassanne (inessive singular)
mangoissanne (inessive plural)
mangastanne (elative singular)
mangoistanne (elative plural)
mangaanne (illative singular)
mangoihinne (illative plural)
mangallanne (adessive singular)
mangoillanne (adessive plural)
mangaltanne (ablative singular)
mangoiltanne (ablative plural)
mangallenne (allative singular)
mangoillenne (allative plural)
mangananne (essive singular)
mangoinanne (essive plural)
mangaksenne (singular translative)
mangoiksenne (plural translative)
mangattanne (abessive singular)
mangoittanne (abessive plural)
mangoinenne (comitative plural)
mangansa (nominative singular)
mangansa (nominative plural)
mangansa (accusative nominative singular)
mangansa (accusative nominative plural)
mangansa (accusative genitive singular)
mangansa (accusative genitive plural)
mangansa (genitive singular)
mangojensa (genitive plural)
mangainsa (genitive plural rare)
mangaansa (partitive singular)
mangojaan (partitive plural)
mangojansa (partitive plural)
mangassaan (inessive singular)
mangassansa (inessive singular)
mangoissaan (inessive plural)
mangoissansa (inessive plural)
mangastaan (elative singular)
mangastansa (elative singular)
mangoistaan (elative plural)
mangoistansa (elative plural)
mangaansa (illative singular)
mangoihinsa (illative plural)
mangallaan (adessive singular)
mangallansa (adessive singular)
mangoillaan (adessive plural)
mangoillansa (adessive plural)
mangaltaan (ablative singular)
mangaltansa (ablative singular)
mangoiltaan (ablative plural)
mangoiltansa (ablative plural)
mangalleen (allative singular)
mangallensa (allative singular)
mangoilleen (allative plural)
mangoillensa (allative plural)
manganaan (essive singular)
manganansa (essive singular)
mangoinaan (essive plural)
mangoinansa (essive plural)
mangakseen (singular translative)
mangaksensa (singular translative)
mangoikseen (plural translative)
mangoiksensa (plural translative)
mangattaan (abessive singular)
mangattansa (abessive singular)
mangoittaan (abessive plural)
mangoittansa (abessive plural)
mangoineen (comitative plural)
mangoinensa (comitative plural)


manga

Borrowed from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga). Doublet of manhwa.

Hiromu Arakawa est une jeune mangaka débutante quand elle envoie son premier projet chez un éditeur. L’histoire courte deviendra FullMetal Alchemist, un des mangas les plus vendus au Japon : 12 millions d’exemplaires !

2005 November 1, “Duck Action : 5 mangas inmangables ! [Duck Action: 5 Manga You Can’t Miss!]”, in Picsou Magazine (non-fiction), Disney Hachette Presse, page 27:

Hiromu Arakawa was a young mangaka debuting when she sent her first project to a publisher. That short story became FullMetal Alchemist, one of the best-selling manga in Japan: 12 million copies!

Osamu Tezuka est le plus grand dessinateur de manga. De 1947 à 1989, il dessine 150000 pages et crée d’innombrable séries : Astro Boy, le roi Léo, Metropolis, BlackJack, Les trois Adolf, Ayako, Phénix […]

Osamu Tezuka was the greatest manga artist. From 1947 to 1989, he drew 150,000 pages and created countless series: Astro Boy, Kimba the White Lion, Metropolis, Black Jack, Message to Adolf, Ayako, Phoenix…


manga

Ultimately from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga).


manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Doublet of manhua and manhwa.


manga

manga (nominative singular)
mangi (nominative plural)
mangi (genitive singular)
mang (genitive plural)
mandze (dative singular)
mangom (dative plural)
mangę (accusative singular)
mangi (accusative plural)
mangą (instrumental singular)
mangami (instrumental plural)
mandze (locative singular)
mangach (locative plural)
mango (singular vocative)
mangi (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: anime


manga

(chiefly Portugal) (comics) manga (comic made in Japanese)


manga

manga (indefinite nominative singular)
mangas (genitive indefinite singular)
mangan (definite nominative singular)
mangans (definite genitive singular)
mangor (indefinite nominative plural)
mangors (genitive indefinite plural)
mangorna (definite nominative plural)
mangornas (definite genitive plural)
manga (indefinite nominative singular)
mangas (genitive indefinite singular)
mangan (definite nominative singular)
mangans (definite genitive singular)
manga (indefinite nominative plural)
mangas (genitive indefinite plural)
mangana (definite nominative plural)
manganas (definite genitive plural)


manga

head

manga (definite accusative mangayı, plural mangalar)

mangayı (accusative definite)
mangalar (plural)


doujinshi

en-noun

doujinshi (countable and uncountable, plural doujinshi or doujinshis)

Borrowed from Japanese 同(どう)人(じん)誌(し) (dōjinshi, “fan-produced manga or essay booklets”), from 同(どう)人(じん) (dōjin, “group for the same interest”) + 誌(し) (shi, “magazine or a pamphlet”).

ja-r

(manga) A fan-produced book or magazine of Japanese fiction; especially manga.


harem

en-noun

harem (countable and uncountable, plural harems)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem) Turkish harem, from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram, “something prohibited; sanctuary, women”); and later also from حَرِيم (ḥarīm) with same meaning, both from حَرُمَ (ḥaruma, “be forbidden or unlawful”). Doublet of haram.

der

(uncountable) A genre of anime and manga in which a man is the love interest of three or more women.


conge

From French conge, from Latin congius. Only attested in English in the obsolete plural form congys.

(historical, obsolete) Alternative form of congy, congius, ancient Roman units of liquid measure and mass.


suspension

en-noun

suspension (countable and uncountable, plural suspensions)

Borrowed from Late Latin suspensiōnem (“arching, vaulting; suspension”), from suspendēre (“to hang up, to suspend”), from sub- (“under”) + pendere (“to hang, to suspend”), from Proto-Italic *pendō (“to hang, to put in a hanging position”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-e-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”)). Compare Anglo-Norman suspensiun, French suspension, Occitan suspensio.

der

(Scots law) A stay or postponement of the execution of a sentence, usually by letters of suspension granted on application to the Lord Ordinary.

εκκρεμότητα

Scots law: stay or postponement of the execution of a sentence


agora

From Hebrew אֲגוֹרָה (agorá), from the root א־ג־ר (ʾ-g-r, “forming words relating to hoarding and storing”).

(numismatics) Since 1960, a monetary unit and coin of Israel, the 100th part of a shekel / sheqel.


agora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, historical) agora (marketplace in Classical Greece)

(Ancient Greece, historical) agora (gathering of people in an agora)


串

/kusi/ → /kuɕi/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki, finished CE 720.
Cognate with 櫛 (kushi, “comb”).

其の御幣の串に書付て奉りたりける

sono gohei no kushi ni kakitsukete tatematsuritarikeru

That branch of streamers, written and presented...

any slender object that can pierce other objects, especially:

(Shinto) Short for 玉串 (tamagushi): a branch of a 榊 (sakaki) tree used as a Shinto offering


亃

(Chinese mythology) a kind of swine-like beast with a yellow body and a white tail


仙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (仙):
* → Japanese: 仙(せん) (sen)
* → Korean: 선(仙) (seon)
* → Vietnamese: tiên (仙)

→ Thai: เซียน (siian) (via Hokkien)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sen): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn, “mountain”) — a person moving into a mountain to practise becoming immortal.
Originally 僊. The current form is first attested in the clerical script of the Han dynasty.
A relatively late word, perhaps Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གཤེན (gshen, “shaman”), as in Tibetan གཤེན་རབ (gshen rab, “Shenrab”), the founder of the Tibetan religion Bon, although this might be a loan from Chinese (ibid.). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s[ă]n (“a kind of demon”), comparing it to Tibetan བསེན་མོ (bsen mo, “female devil”) and Jingpho sawn (“malignant female nat”).

cog

*僊
仚
屳
㒨
僲
𠑗
𠏡
銑

(Taoism) xian (an immortal; celestial being)


元

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Garo language
Han dynasty
I Ching
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Tibetan language
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xianbei
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (元):
* → Korean: 원(元) (won)
* → Vietnamese: nguyên (元)

→ English: yuan

Pictogram (象形) – a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”), with a noun-forming suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2003; STEDT). If so, cognate with 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, “ruler; lord; queen”), Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head; summit; beginning”), མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”), Garo sko (“skull”), Northern Tujia kho⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ (“head”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). 原 (OC *ŋʷan, “source; origin; basic; primary”) and 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) may be the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It may also be related to 君 (OC *klun, “lord; prince; ruler”), 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “magistrate; governor”), 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “marquis”) (Mei, 1985).
The name of the dynasty comes from the I Ching:
:
Part of the people with this surname are Xianbei descendants. It was changed from 拓跋 (Tuòbá) as ordered by Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei.

och-l

Vast is the ‘great and originating (power)’ indicated by Qian! All things owe to it their beginning: - it contains all the meaning belonging to (the name) heaven.

I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Dà zāi qián yuán, wànwù zī shǐ, nǎi tǒng tiān.

大哉乾元，萬物資始，乃統天。

大哉干元，万物资始，乃统天。

元曲

(Taoism) kalpa, a cosmic or supreme cycle of 129,000 years


凰

Originally 皇. A spurious 𠘨 was added by the assimilation with 鳳.

(Chinese mythology) female fenghuang (a mythological bird)


劃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ): phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Han compound

(South Korean idol fandom, humorous) NCT (group)


upgive

en-verb

upgive (third-person singular simple present upgives, present participle upgiving, simple past upgave, past participle upgiven)

upgives (present singular third-person)
upgiving (participle present)
upgave (past)
upgiven (participle past)

From up- + give. Cognate with German aufgeben (“to abandon, give up, quit”).

cog

[…] we hereby resign, surrender, upgive, overgive and deliver, ALL and WHOLE — (here the lands were described) — together with all right, title and interest whatever […]

1811, Robert Bell, A System of the Forms of Deeds Used in Scotland, page 116:

Then, too, are Jersey's sons all resolute, / Repairing to the camp in numbers great, / Their sufferings to avenge upon the foe, / Which all must cease should Jersey be upgiven.

1849, Robert Wharton Landis, Liberty's Triumph: A Poem, page 255:

There fell a sudden rain then, from the gods: / Which glisters, in the sun, like golden hairs; / And earth upgave sweet savour of her sod, / Mingled with iron stink of sweat and blood.

1906, Charles Montagu Doughty, The Dawn in Britain, page 4:

(transitive, poetic, obsolete except in Scots law) To give up or yield up.


受

Possibly a ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 爪 (“hand”) + 凡 (“plate”) + 又 (“hand”) – to hand over.
凡 in the middle was corrupted into 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which acted as a phonetic component. Alternatively, the character may have always been a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tuːs, *djuʔ): semantic 爪 (“hand”) + phonetic 舟 (OC *tjɯw, “boat”) + semantic 又 (“hand”). The
凡 or 舟 has been simplified to 冖 since the seal script.
; “bottom; uke”


吳

→ English: Wu, Ng, Goh, Ngo

→ Tagalog: Go, Wu

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 口 (“mouth”) + 夨 (“man with tilted head”) – to speak loudly.
; "to shout"

吴
吴
呉
𠯵
㕦
𡗾
𡗿

(historical) (～國) Wu, one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937


周

desc

→ English: Zhou, Chou, Chow, Chau, Chew, Chiu

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
King Wen of Zhou
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Middle Chinese
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Old Chinese
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

;to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)
;to help
:Alternatively, note Khmer ជួយ (cuəy, “to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save”) (ibid.). Even so, also note Thai ช่วย (chûai), which in turn is from Middle Chinese 助 (MC dzrjoH)); if Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) and Thai ช่วย (chûai) were related, then Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) cannot be related to Old Chinese 周 (OC *tjɯw).
;dynasty's name
:A 周方白 (Zhōufāng bó, “Elder of Zhou region”), likely King Wen of Zhou, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)
:Hargett (2021) states that 商 (Shāng) and 周 (Zhōu) derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the 周方 (Zhōufāng, “Zhou region”) was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".

cog

𠕛
𠱬
𠄗
𠕛
𠣘
淍
週
舟
州

Although Zhou was an old country,
The [favouring] appointment lighted on it recently.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

周雖舊邦，其命維新。

周虽旧邦，其命维新。

(historical) name of various dynasties
(～朝) Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)

name of various dynasties
Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)

Northern Zhou (557—581), one of the Northern dynasties in China

Wu Zhou (690–705), established by Wu Zetian

Later Zhou (951–960), one of the Five Dynasties in China


唐

→ English: Tang, T'ang, Tong, Tng

desc

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *daːŋᴬ² (“road; way”)

Northern Thai: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ

Khün: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ

Lao: ທາງ (thāng)

Lü: ᦑᦱᧂ (taang)

Tai Dam: ꪕꪱꪉ

Shan: တၢင်း (táang)

Tai Nüa: ᥖᥣᥒᥰ (täang)

Ahom: 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ)

Thai: ทาง (taang, “road; way”)

→ Thai: ถัง (tǎng, “Tang (dynasty)”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡl'aːŋ): phonetic 庚 (OC *kraːŋ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – to exaggerate, to boast. 唐 and 庚 were near-homophones in Old Chinese. The phonetic component on top 庚 today appears slightly contracted (the bottom part 人 is missing).
Either related to 途 (OC *l'aː) (Wang, 1982) or from Austroasiatic, compare Proto-Austroasiatic *glɔːŋ, whence Mon ဂၠံၚ်, Kensiu gəlɔŋ, Kuy khlù:aŋ (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

唐人


商

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Du Yu
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Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
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Traditionally it is considered that 商人 (shāngrén) is so named because this term originally refers to people from Shang dynasty, who tend to do business.
From 賒 (OC *hljaː) plus terminative suffix *-ŋ (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology.

謪
𠘾
𠹧
𠼬
𠾃
𠿧
𡂦
𡃬
𡄚
𡅟
𥫐
𧶜
𧷞
𨝗