movement

movement (countable and uncountable, plural movements)

From Middle English mevement, from Old French movement (modern French mouvement), from movoir + -ment; cf. also Medieval Latin movimentum, from Latin movere (“move”). Doublet of moment and momentum. In this sense, displaced native Old English styring, which led to Modern English stirring.
Morphologically move + -ment.

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

social movement

The labor movement has been struggling in America since the passage of the Taft-Hartley act in 1947.

During the latter part of Taiwan's authoritarian period, social protest movements arose that complemented the periodic efforts of the political opposition- the dangwai-to open the political system. One of the most prominent movements occurred in the town of Lukang in Changhua County in 1986.

2021, Richard C. Bush, Difficult Choices: Taiwan's Quest for Security and the Good Life, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 274:

A trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals.

حَرَكَة

Albuquerque International Sunport serviced over 200,000 movements last year.

(aviation) An instance of an aircraft taking off or landing.

(bridge) A pattern in which pairs change opponents and boards move from table to table in duplicate bridge.

(obsolete) Motion of the mind or feelings; emotion.


coalition

en-noun

coalition (countable and uncountable, plural coalitions)

/kəʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/

Borrowed from Middle French coalition, from Medieval Latin coalitiō, coalitiōnem, from Latin coalitus.

Sometimes the ante is upped, the gaggle of bowlers all working on their batsman in turn, like a coalition of cheetahs singling out a vulnerable gazelle, sending their distinctive balls down until the pressure forces a mistake or the batsman gets his own back by smashing a bad ball over everyone’s heads.

2013 August 7, Joshi Herrmann, “How cricket netted the hipsters”, in London Evening Standard:

Majed Sultan Ali was on his second visit to the game reserve in a bid to photograph a coalition of cheetahs.

2014 September 6, Darren Boyle, “Running wild! Mother cheetah has SIX cubs keeping her busy by jumping, hiding and climbing all over her”, in The Daily Mail:

This is the incredible moment a juvenile ostrich attempts to outrun a coalition of cheetahs that forms a central part of the latest BBC programme to be presented by Sir David Attenborough.

2015 June 11, “This is the moment an ostrich attempts to outrun cheetahs in Sir David Attenborough's latest show”, in Bristol Post:

(rare) The collective noun for a group of cheetahs.


intelligentsia

intelligentsia (countable and uncountable, plural intelligentsias)

/ɪntɛlɪˈd͡ʒɛntsɪə/

/ɪntɛlɪˈɡɛntsɪə/

From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija) or Polish inteligencja, from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of intelligence.

der

интеллиге́нция

[…] среди рабочих растет страстное стремление к знанию и к социализму, среди рабочих выделяются настоящие герои, которые — несмотря на безобразную обстановку своей жизни, несмотря на оту¬ пляющую каторжную работу на фабрике, — находят в себе столько характера и силы воли, чтобы учиться, учиться и учиться и вырабатывать из себя сознательных социалдемократов, «рабочую интеллигенцию». В России уже есть эта «рабочая интеллигенция», и мы должны приложить все усилия к тому, чтобы ее ряды постоянно расширялись, чтобы ее высокие умственные запросы вполне удовлетворялись, чтобы из ее ря¬ дов выходили руководители русской социал-демократической рабочей партии.

1967 [1899], Vladimir Lenin, “Попятное направление в русской социал-демократии”, in Ленин В. И. ― Полное собрание сочинений, volume 4, page 269; English translation from “A Retrograde Trend in Russian Social-Democracy”, in Lenin's Collected Works, volume 4, translation of original in Russian, 1977, pages 280-281:

[…] sredi rabočix rastet strastnoje stremlenije k znaniju i k socializmu, sredi rabočix vydeljajutsja nastojaščije geroi, kotoryje — nesmotrja na bezobraznuju obstanovku svojej žizni, nesmotrja na otu¬ pljajuščuju katoržnuju rabotu na fabrike, — naxodjat v sebe stolʹko xaraktera i sily voli, štoby učitʹsja, učitʹsja i učitʹsja i vyrabatyvatʹ iz sebja soznatelʹnyx socialdemokratov, «rabočuju intelligenciju». V Rossii uže jestʹ eta «rabočaja intelligencija», i my dolžny priložitʹ vse usilija k tomu, štoby jeje rjady postojanno rasširjalisʹ, štoby jeje vysokije umstvennyje zaprosy vpolne udovletvorjalisʹ, štoby iz jeje rja¬ dov vyxodili rukovoditeli russkoj social-demokratičeskoj rabočej partii.

It should be noted that there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense "Left". Perhaps the last right-wing intellectual was T. E. Lawrence. Since about 1930 everyone describable as an “intellectual” has lived in a state of chronic discontent with the existing order.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:

(politics) The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.


council

From Middle English counseil, conseil, from late Old English cuncile, from Anglo-Norman cuncile and Old French concile, from Latin concilium. Doublet of concelho.

A committee that leads or governs (e.g. city council, student council).


institution

en-noun

institution (countable and uncountable, plural institutions)

/ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃən/

From Middle English institucioun, from Old French institution, from Latin institūtiō, from instituō (“to set up”), from in- (“in, on”) + statuō (“to set up, establish”).

correctional institution
correctional institution#English

(informal) Ellipsis of correctional institution.


regiment

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒɪmənt/

From Middle French regement, régiment, and its source, Late Latin regimentum (“direction for government; course of medical treatment”), from Latin regō (“rule”).

der

It was an old, withered man, who had served the Government in the days of the Mutiny as a native officer in a newly raised cavalry regiment.

1900 December – 1901 October, Rudyard Kipling, chapter III, in Kim (Macmillan’s Colonial Library; no. 414), London: Macmillan and Co., published 1901, →OCLC, page 65:

As the prime minister insisted that he had "never told a lie" in his life, the Tory leader attacked him for ordering Scottish troops into battle with no warning that their regiments would be disbanded.

2005 April 28, Nicholas Watt, Michael White, The Guardian:

(military) A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units; now specifically, usually composed of two or more battalions.

What place is there in all the world, not ſubiect to the regiment and power of this citie?

1576, Abraham Fleming, translating Cicero, A Panoplie of Epistles,&bnsp;XXXIII

Then loyall loue had royall regiment,
And each vnto his luſt did make a lawe,
From all forbidden things his liking to withdraw.

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 116:

And how is it possible to distinguish precisely […] the powers of ecclesiastical regiment which none but the church should wield from the powers of ecclesiastical regiment (on the jus circa sacra) which secular and profane governments may handle without sin?

1832, John Austin, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined,&bnsp;VI

(now rare, archaic) Rule or governance over a person, place etc.; government, authority.

But this it is that doth excruciate
The verie ſubſtance of my vexed ſoule:
To ſee our neighbours that were wont to quake
And tremble at the Perſean Monarkes name,
Now ſits and laughs our regiment to ſcorne, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene i:

(obsolete) The state or office of a ruler; rulership.


aristocracy

en-noun

aristocracy (countable and uncountable, plural aristocracies)

Borrowed from Middle French aristocratie, from Medieval Latin aristocratia, from Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā, “the rule of the best“, that is, “the best-born”, “nobility”), from ἄριστος (áristos, “best, noblest”) + -κρατίᾱ (-kratíā), from κράτος (krátos, “power, rule”). By surface analysis, aristo- + -cracy.

der

ἀριστοκρατίᾱ

But when Nietzsche has the incredible lack of humour and lack of imagination to ask us to believe that his aristocracy is an aristocracy of strong muscles or an aristocracy of strong wills, it is necessary to point out the truth. It is an aristocracy of weak nerves.

That, then, which is called aristocracy in some countries and nobility in others arose out of the governments founded upon conquest.

The nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.

adel

the nobility or the hereditary ruling class


boomer

(UK) A Eurasian bittern (subfamily Botaurinae).


quorum

From Latin quōrum, genitive plural form of quī (“who, which”), used as standard wording in written commissions.

نِصَاب

minimum number present for official business

päätösvaltaisuus (päätösvaltainen as an adjective is more common)

határozatképesség (more commonly expressed with the adjective határozatképes)

We can discuss the issue tonight but cannot vote until we have a quorum.

The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority.


guild

From Middle English gilde, from Old Norse gildi (“payment, guild”). Related to geld, yield, yauld.

The swinging of its censers, the silence of its members / Oh, the Guild of Mute Assassins

2003, “Guild of Mute Assassins”, performed by Clutch:

A group or association mainly of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans, particularly in the Middle Ages, established to oversee and protect their specific commercial interests and to provide mutual aid.


department

From Middle English departement (“ceasing, end”), from Middle French département. Later senses borrowed from Modern French département. Doublet of département.

inh

The 2012 Boston Marathon was outstanding in the temperature department; runners endured temperatures of no less than 88 degrees Fahrenheit.

While the Chiefs superstar trails legendary quarterback Tom Brady in the Super Bowl wins department – the former Patriot and Tampa Bay Buccaneer has seven to Mahomes’ three – the chatter will only get louder and louder as to whether or not the 2023 Super Bowl MVP is the greatest of all time or not as he continues his career.

2024 February 12, Ben Morse and Steve Almasy, “Kansas City Chiefs defeat San Francisco 49ers in OT in Super Bowl LVIII, become first back-to-back NFL champions in 19 years”, in CNN.com:


household

From Middle English houshold, equivalent to house + hold. Cognate with Scots houshald, housald, housell, howsell (“household”), Dutch huishouden (“household”) (earlier huishoud), German Low German Huushollen (“household”) (Middle Low German hūsholt), German Haushalt (“household”), Swedish hushåll (“household, family”), Norwegian husholdning (“household”).

cog

Legal or culturally determined unit of people living together.


consort

en-noun

consort (countable and uncountable, plural consorts)

Borrowed from Middle French, ultimately from Latin cōnsors. As “companion or partner”, via Middle English consorte.

Sith then, it ſeemeth each thing to his powre / Doth vs inuite to make a ſad conſort; / Come let vs ioyne our mournfull ſong with theirs.

1595, Ed. Spencer [i.e., Edmund Spenser], “Astrophel. A Pastoral Elegie vpon the Death of the Most Noble and Valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney.”, in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, signature H2, verso:

O may we ſoon again renew that Song, / And keep in tune with Heav’n, till God ere long / To his celeſtial conſort us unite, / To live with him, and ſing in endles morn of light.

1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “At a Solemn Musick”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC, page 23:

(obsolete) Harmony of sounds; concert, as of musical instruments.


audience

From Middle English audience, from Middle French audience, from Old French audience, from Latin audientia, from present participle audiens (“hearing”), from verb audio (“I hear”). Doublet of audiencia.

She managed to get an audience with the Pope.

Captain Anderson: Sounds like you convinced the Council to give us an audience.
Ambassador Udina: They were not happy about it. Saren's their top agent. They don't like him being accused of treason.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel:

A formal meeting with a state or religious dignitary.


forum

→ Italian: forum

→ Korean: 포럼 (poreom)

From Latin forum (“public market place, forum”). Doublet of fuero and door.

der

Trish was an admin on three forums, and had no trouble at all when it came to moderating them.

(Internet) An Internet message board where users can post messages regarding one or more topics of discussion.


banda

Borrowed from French bande, from Old French bende, from Frankish *bindā, *bindu (“band, ribbon”). Doublet of bena.


banda

From Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐍉 (bandwō, “sign, token”).

(music) band (especially one consisting mainly of wind and percussion instruments)


banda

banda (nominative singular)
bandy (nominative plural)
bandy (genitive singular)
band (genitive plural)
bandzie (dative singular)
bandom (dative plural)
bandę (accusative singular)
bandy (accusative plural)
bandą (instrumental singular)
bandami (instrumental plural)
bandzie (locative singular)
bandach (locative plural)
bando (singular vocative)
bandy (plural vocative)

(colloquial) band, clique, crew (group of people loosely united for a common purpose)


faithful

en-adj

faithful (comparative more faithful, superlative most faithful)

more faithful (comparative)
most faithful (superlative)

From Middle English feithful, equivalent to faith + -ful.

My dog is very faithful: he doesn't like to be petted by anybody else.

Loyal; adhering firmly to person or cause.

besnik

loyal; adhering firmly to person or cause


folk

en-noun

folk (countable and uncountable, plural folks)

From Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).
Cognate with German Volk, Dutch volk, Swedish folk and Danish folk. Doublet of volk.


folk

English: folk

Scots: fowk

From Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.


cabinet

From cabin + -et, influenced by French cabinet.
In sense of “a government group”, compare salon, also named for a room used to gather.

The executive branch of Kentucky state government is structured on a program cabinet system consisting of 14 program cabinets, each headed by a secretary, who is appointed by the Governor. The program cabinets listed below and the agencies within each cabinet are designated in the statutes.

2003, A Handbook for Gubernatorial Transition in Kentucky, Legislative Research Commission, page 49:

(politics, often capitalized) In parliamentary and some other systems of government, the group of ministers responsible for creating government policy and for overseeing the departments comprising the executive branch.

(Kentucky) A cabinet-level agency in the executive branch; that is, an agency headed by a member of the governor's cabinet.


outfit

→ Dutch: outfit

→ German: Outfit

→ Italian: outfit

→ Portuguese: outfit

→ Serbo-Croatian: outfit

→ Spanish: outfit

Variant of earlier out-fit, from fit out. Equivalent to out- + fit.

[…] the outfit of 1821, which outfit suffered a loss. From 1822 there were profits on each outfit as the many subsequent credit entries indicate.

1949, John McLoughlin, The Financial Papers of Dr. John McLoughlin, page 56:

(Canada, historical) A fiscal year of the Hudson's Bay Company, or the supplies required for such a period.


parish

en-verb

parish (third-person singular simple present parishes, present participle parishing, simple past and past participle parished)

parishes (present singular third-person)
parishing (participle present)
parished (participle past)
parished (past)

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

Pronunciation spelling of perish, representing Mary–marry–merry merger English.


production

en-noun

production (countable and uncountable, plural productions)

→ Japanese: プロダクション (purodakushon)

/pɹəˈdʌkʃən/

From Middle English produccioun, from Old French production, from Latin prōductiō, prōductiōnem (“a lengthening, prolonging”). See produce.

der

The act of lengthening out or prolonging.


establishment

establishment (nominative singular)
establishmenty (nominative plural)
establishmentu (genitive singular)
establishmentów (genitive plural)
establishmentowi (dative singular)
establishmentom (dative plural)
establishment (accusative singular)
establishmenty (accusative plural)
establishmentem (instrumental singular)
establishmentami (instrumental plural)
establishmencie (locative singular)
establishmentach (locative plural)
establishmencie (singular vocative)
establishmenty (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English establishment.

ubor

(derogatory, politics) establishment (the ruling class or authority group)


association

en-noun

association (countable and uncountable, plural associations)

/əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

/əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃən/

/əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

From Latin associātiō, from associō (perhaps via French association).
Morphologically associate + -ion
The Philippine sense is a calque of Spanish gremio.

robust association of massive baryonic objects

"Well," exclaimed Lady Marchmont, breathing the perfume with which a honeysuckle, wound around an old ash, filled the air, "I do confess that I like common flowers better than any. The hothouse plant has no associations."

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête at Sir Robert Walpole’s Continued”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 39:

Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?

2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:

(countable) The state of being associated; a connection to or an affiliation with something.

associació

state of being associated; connection to or an affiliation with something

A group of persons associated for a common purpose; an organization; society.

جَمْعِيَّة

(Philippines, Chinese Filipino) A benevolent overseas Chinese organization of popular origin for overseas Chinese individuals with the same surname, geographical origin, location, trade or business.


Sejm

sejmowy (adjective)
Sejm (nominative singular)
Sejmu (genitive singular)
Sejmowi (dative singular)
Sejm (accusative singular)
Sejmem (instrumental singular)
Sejmie (locative singular)
Sejmie (singular vocative)

(government) Sejm (the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland)

Sejm (total number of people who sit in the Sejm)

Coordinate term: Senat

(government, historical, pre-1946) the whole Polish parliament, including both houses


Sejm

Sejm (nominative singular)
Sejmy (nominative plural)
Sejmu (genitive singular)
Sejmów (genitive plural)
Sejmowi (dative singular)
Sejmom (dative plural)
Sejm (accusative singular)
Sejmy (accusative plural)
Sejmem (instrumental singular)
Sejmami (instrumental plural)
Sejmie (locative singular)
Sejmach (locative plural)
Sejmie (singular vocative)
Sejmy (plural vocative)

→ English: Sejm

→ German: Sejm

→ Latvian: Saeima

→ Lithuanian: Seĩmas

→ Romanian: Seim

→ Russian: Сейм (Sejm)

→ Ukrainian: Сейм (Sejm)

→ Yiddish: סיים (seym)

(government, historical) any specific gathering of the Sejm


symphony

symphony (countable and uncountable, plural symphonies)

→ Burmese: ဆင်ဖိုနီ (hcanghpuini)

→ Japanese: シンフォニー (shinfonī)

→ Khmer: ស៊ីមហ្វូនី (siimfounii)

→ Malay: simfoni

→ Punjabi: ਸਿੰਫਨੀ (simphani)

→ Thai: ซิมโฟนี (sim-foo-nîi)

→ Welsh: symffoni

From Middle English symphonye, from Old French simphonie, from Latin symphonia, from Ancient Greek συμφωνία (sumphōnía). By surface analysis, sym- + -phony. Doublet of sinfonia, symphonia, tsampouna, and zampogna.


orchestra

en-noun

orchestra (plural orchestras or (rare) orchestrae)

orchestras (plural)
orchestrae (plural rare)

→ Albanian: orkestër

→ Arabic: أوركسترا (ʔorkestrā)

→ Japanese: オーケストラ (ōkesutora)

→ Korean: 오케스트라 (okeseuteura)

→ Thai: ออร์เคสตรา (ɔɔ-kées-dtrâa)

Borrowed from Latin orchēstra, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra) (a derivative of ὀρχέομαι (orkhéomai, “to dance”)).

A semicircular space in front of the stage used by the chorus in Ancient Greek and Hellenistic theatres.

orchestra

semicircular space in front of the stage used by the chorus in Ancient theatres


gallery

From Middle English galery, gallerye, from Middle French galerie, gallerie, from Old French galerie, gallerie (“a long portico, a gallery”), from Medieval Latin galeria (“gallery”), perhaps an alteration of galilea (“church porch”), probably from Latin Galilaea, Galilee, region of Palestine. More at Galilee.


scrum

French: scrum

Either a back-formation from or an apocopic form of scrummage, a variant of scrimmage.

en:all the forwards joined together in an organised way

(rugby) In rugby union or rugby league, all the forwards joined together in an organised way.

uztartze

(rugby) all the forwards joined together in an organised way


roster

Borrowed from Dutch rooster (“gridiron, table, list”), from Middle Dutch roosten (“to roast”). More at roast.

I'm number 12 on the roster for tonight's game.

Its 50 H-7 2-8-8-2's (30 of which found their way onto the Union Pacific roster in 1945) were simple mainly because a tunnel in the Alleghenies would not accommodate the low-pressure cylinders of any Mallet larger than a 2-6-6-2.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 60, referring to the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway:

As everyone knows, almost all booked passenger and freight trains are diagrammed into rosters for engines and men, and in an operating Utopia everything would work out daily according to plan.

1962 August, G. Freeman Allen, “Traffic control on the Great Northern Line”, in Modern Railways, page 131:

[So many of] the crew, men and officers alike, read them as to make me feel safe in asserting unreservedly that the Nathan James numbered in her company more Turgenev scholars than any other vessel on the United States Navy's entire roster of ships.

2013, William Brinkley, The Last Ship, Penguin, →ISBN, page 132:

The result was that trains ran as normal on November 7 and 9, although there was still disruption on Saturday November 5, owing to the short notice as rosters were hurriedly rewritten. Rosters are typically agreed a week in advance.

2022 November 16, Mel Holley, “Network News: Rail strikes halted to allow for "intensive negotiations"”, in RAIL, number 970, page 8:

A list of individuals or groups, usually for an organization of some kind such as military officers and enlisted personnel enrolled in a particular unit; a muster roll; a sports team, with the names of players who are eligible to be placed in the lineup for a particular game; or a list of students officially enrolled in a school or class.

The secretary has produced a new cleaning roster for the Church over the remainder of the year.

A list of the jobs to be done by members of an organization and often with the date/time that they are expected to do them.

Before uni starts check your work roster with your uni schedule to make sure there are no clashes with your classes.

2017 February 22, “5 things all supermarket workers should know before uni starts”, in SDA, archived from the original on 2022-12-30:

A schedule or timetable setting out shift times and dates for each employee of a business.


bando

Possibly from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐍉 (bandwō, “token, sign”).


commando

commando (plural commandos or commandoes)

→ Dutch: commando

→ Greek: κομάντο (kománto)

From Afrikaans kommando, from Portuguese comando (“command”), from Late Latin *commandare, from Latin commendare.

The most important objective was at Batna itself, where a group of three commandos each comprising ten men was to attack Deleplanque's sub-prefecture [...].

1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 89:

A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.


sfera

sferowy (adjective)
sfera (nominative singular)
sfery (nominative plural)
sfery (genitive singular)
sfer (genitive plural)
sferze (dative singular)
sferom (dative plural)
sferę (accusative singular)
sfery (accusative plural)
sferą (instrumental singular)
sferami (instrumental plural)
sferze (locative singular)
sferach (locative plural)
sfero (singular vocative)
sfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English sphere, French sphère, German Sphäre, ultimately from Latin sphaera.

Coordinate term: kula

(geometry) sphere (three-dimensional shape consisting of all points equidistant from a center)

(sociology) sphere (group of people distinguished on the basis of origin, education, social or material status, interests, etc.)

(cosmology, literary) sphere (apparent outer limit of space; an abstract sphere of infinite radius which serves as the imaginary backdrop for celestial objects, and of which the visible sky is one hemisphere)

(geography) sphere (area characterized by certain climatic or natural features)


holding

pl-noun

holding m inan (related adjective holdingowy)

holdingowy (adjective)
holding (nominative singular)
holdingi (nominative plural)
holdingu (genitive singular)
holdingów (genitive plural)
holdingowi (dative singular)
holdingom (dative plural)
holding (accusative singular)
holdingi (accusative plural)
holdingiem (instrumental singular)
holdingami (instrumental plural)
holdingu (locative singular)
holdingach (locative plural)
holdingu (singular vocative)
holdingi (plural vocative)

holding company (company whose main purpose is to own shares of other companies, as opposed to producing goods or offering services)


troupe

Attested 1825; Unadapted borrowing from French troupe, which see for more. Doublet of troop, and possibly also of thorp and dorp.

Any group of people working together on a shared activity.


consortium

en-noun

consortium (plural consortia or consortiums)

Learned borrowing from Latin cōnsortium.

An association or combination of businesses, financial institutions, or investors, for the purpose of engaging in a joint venture.


institute

From French institut, from Middle French, from Latin īnstitūtum.

Substitution is the nomination of substituted heirs, who take place, failing the institute.

1681, Viscount Stair, The Institutions of the Law of Scotland:

(law, Scotland) The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation.


congress

congress (countable and uncountable, plural congresses)

From Latin congress(um), the past participle of congredior (“I go, come together”), itself from con- + gradior (“I go, step”). The verb is from the noun.

United States of America
United States of America

(often capitalized) A legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America.


fagot

English: faggot, fagot

Scots: faggot

Yola: fagoghes (plural)

Borrowed from Old French fagot; further etymology is disputed.


municipality

Borrowed from French municipalité (Edmund Burke), from municipal + -ité, from Latin municipalis, from municipium (“free city, township”), from municeps (“citizen of a free city or township”), from mūnus (“duty, service”) + -ceps (“taker, catcher”). Equivalent to municipal + -ity.

municipal presidents
municipal president

(politics) In the Philippines and in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries, second-level administrative divisions that may house one or more cities or towns whose head of government may be called mayors or, in Mexico, municipal presidents.


executive

From Middle French executif, from Latin executivus, from Latin exsequi, from ex- ‘out’ + sequi ‘follow’.

The branch of government that is responsible for enforcing laws and judicial decisions, and for the day-to-day administration of the state.

изпълнителна власт

branch of government responsible for enforcing laws and judicial decisions


marching band

No, republicans did not celebrate; they took their placards and their yellow T-shirts to Trafalgar Square, where their voices could (almost) be heard against a backdrop of marching bands and pealing bells.

2023 May 6, Rachel Cooke, “It was ludicrous but also magnificent: the coronation stirred every emotion”, in The Guardian:

A group of instrumental musicians who generally perform outdoors, and who often incorporate movement, usually some type of marching, with their musical performance.


dazzle

dazzle (countable and uncountable, plural dazzles)

if you can't dazzle them with brilliance, baffle them with bull


quintet

From French quintette, from Italian quintetto, diminutive of quinto (“fifth”), itself from Latin quintus, related to quīnque (“five”).

(music) A composition (a type of chamber music) in five parts (typically each a singer or instrumentalist, sometimes several musicians)

(music) A group of five musicians, fit to play such a piece of music together


mankind

From Middle English mankinde, alteration (due to kinde = “kind, nature, sort”) of earlier mankin, from Old English mancynn. Equivalent to man + kin, and/or man + -kind. Cognate with Scots mankind, Middle High German mankünne, Danish mandkøn, Icelandic mannkyn (“mankind”). See also mankin.

The examples of all ages shew us that mankind in general desire power only to do harm, and, when they obtain it, use it for no other purpose.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

Malone's hot blood flushed to his head as he thought of this trifler, this insect, coming between mankind and a message of instruction and consolation descending from above.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

More than a mere source of Promethean sustenance to thwart the cold and cook one's meat, wood was quite simply mankind's first industrial and manufacturing fuel.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:

It next moves through the history of the Jewish people, recounting the life and death of our Lord and Savior, and ends with the Book of Revelation foretelling the inevitable climax of God's plan for mankind.

2011, David Charles Cole, Understanding God's Message for Mankind: Essential Scripture and Commentary, page 1:


cartel

→ Spanish: cártel

In the business sense, borrowed from German Kartell, first used by Eugen Richter in 1871 in the Reichstag. In the political sense, which was the vehicle for this metaphor, the English sense, like the German sense, was borrowed from French cartel in the sixteenth century, from Italian cartello, diminutive of carta (“card, page”), from Latin charta.

drug cartel

car cartel

Over the past decade, the very nature of organized crime has changed, with many groups diversifying their income beyond drug trafficking, and large cartels splintering into smaller, oftentimes more nimble groups.

2023 January 10, Whitney Eulich, America Armenta, “Mexico arrests son of ‘El Chapo’: Why don’t citizens feel safer?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:

(economics) A group of businesses or nations that collude to limit competition within an industry or market.

картел

group of businesses or nations that collude to fix prices


gens

la-noun

gēns f (genitive gentis); third declension

gēns (canonical feminine)
gentis (genitive)
gēns (nominative singular)
gentēs (nominative plural)
gentis (genitive singular)
gentium (genitive plural)
gentī (dative singular)
gentibus (dative plural)
gentem (accusative singular)
gentēs (accusative plural)
gentīs (accusative plural)
gente (ablative singular)
gentibus (ablative plural)
gēns (singular vocative)
gentēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gintã (unusual)

Romanian: gint

Dalmatian:

ziant

Italo-Romance:

Italian: gente

desc

→ Sardinian: gente, genti, tzente, zente

Judeo-Italian: יֵינְטַה (yenəṭa /jenta/)

Neapolitan: gente

Sicilian: genti

W. Romance of N. Italy:

Friulian: int

Istriot: zento

Venetan: dente, xente, zente

Lombard: gent

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: gens

desctree

Old French: gent
French: gens m pl
Norman: gens m pl
Walloon: djin m pl

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: gent

Occitan: gent

Aragonese: chent

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: xente

Leonese: xente

Mirandese: giente

Old Galician-Portuguese: gente

Galician: xente

Portuguese: gente

Old Spanish: yente

Ladino: djente

Spanish: gente (latin influence)

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: gjinde

→ Basque: jende

→ Romanian: gintă

→ English: gens, ⇒ genticide

From Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis, from root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to beget, to give birth”).
See also generō, genus, gignō. Cognate with English kind, Sanskrit जाति (jāti), Ancient Greek γένος (génos) and Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), whence English genesis.

Roman clan (related by birth or marriage and sharing a common name and often united by certain religious rites)


outpost

Sgt. Smith fleeced most of the rest of the outpost of their earnings in their weekly game of craps.

Beyond the border proper, there are three small outposts not officially under government protection.

On March 9, 1903, an extension, 50 miles in length, was opened from Letterkenny to the remote outpost of Burtonport, a small township on the shores of the Atlantic in the far north-west corner of Co. Donegal, running through some of the wildest and bleakest parts of the country.

1953 October, H. C. Casserley, “Closure of the Londonderry & Lough Swilly Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 701:

[…] Colonel Moen was trying to make sense of the radio nets, which had never really been operational let alone secure; our numerous outposts were cobbled together with hand-held Motorolas and too few repeater stations […]

2009, Julius Mutwol, Peace Agreements and Civil Wars in Africa, →ISBN, page 190:

(chess) A square protected by a pawn that is in or near the enemy's stronghold.


baby boomer

The baby boomers, Americans born between 1946 and 1961, are increasingly discovering that the cohorts with whom they crowded into maternity wards, elementary schools, colleges and entry-level jobs are now clogging the fast track to the top as well, demographers say.

1982 January 10, Thomas L. Friedman, “The Baby Boom Comes of Age”, in New York Times:

(sometimes capitalized) A person born in the postwar years (generally considered in the United States and other Allied countries as between 1946 and the early 1960s), when there was a marked increase in birthrates throughout the Western world following the return of servicemen at the end of World War II.

第二次世界大戰後生育高峰期出生的人 /第二次世界大战后生育高峰期出生的人

dì èr cì shìjiè dàzhàn hòu shēngyù gāofēngqī chūshēng de rén

čelovék, rodívšijsja v períod demografíčeskovo vzrýva

челове́к, роди́вшийся в пери́од демографи́ческого взры́ва


mob

From Middle English mob, short for mobile, from Latin mōbile (vulgus) (“fickle (crowd)”). The video-gaming sense originates from English mobile, used by Richard Bartle for objects capable of movement in an early MUD.

der

There’s nothing like local knowledge and after thousands of years living here the Noongar mob understand this land better than anyone, so it makes sense for them to tap into the lucrative tourism industry.

2011 March 10, Allan Clarke, W.A. through Noongar eyes:

There’s a saying among blak mob, ‘It doesn’t matter how much milk you put in tea, it’s still tea.’ I am a descendant of genocide survivors, a child of the oldest living culture on Earth. Nothing, no amount of milk, can change that.

2021 November 7, Claire [G.] Coleman, “Not quite blak enough: ‘The people who think I am too white to be Aboriginal are all white’”, in The Guardian:

(Australian Aboriginal) A group of Aboriginal people associated with an extended family group, clan group or wider community group, from a particular place or country.


demimonde

Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione

Borrowed from French demi-monde (literally “half-world”), from demi (“half”) + monde (“world; people”); possibly coined by French author and playwright Alexandre Dumas fils as the title of a comedic play, Le Demi Monde (1855): see the 1864 quotation.

refn

From the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, New York, USA.

bor

A most remarkable instance of this was afforded in the play of Camille by the performance of the supper-scene. The stage in this scene is supposed to represent a supper-room, enlivened by the presence of a party of young Parisians, more gay, indeed, than respectable, but still Parisians, and Parisians of the demimonde, which, of the two halves that go to make up the whole of the monde, preserves the hemisphere of manners while it throws away the hemisphere of decorum.

1857 May, “The World of New York”, in Putnam’s Monthly Magazine of American Literature, Science, and Art, volume IX, number LIII, New York, N.Y.: Miller & Company, […]; London: Sampson Low, Son & Co., →OCLC, page 560, column 1:

To give a good and solid education to the gentle sex would tend to double the army of progress, to draw closer the domestic relations, and to annihilate that extra-conjugal society (the demi[-]monde of [Alexandre] Dumas the younger) which is now so very prosperous.

1864 July, Edmond About, “Art. VII.—Edmond About on Progress. Le Progrès. Par Edmond About. Paris, 1864.”, in The Westminster Review, American edition, volume LXXXII, number CLXI, New York, N.Y.: Published by Leonard Scott & Co., […], →OCLC, page 74, column 1:

Paris society borrows fashions from the demi-monde, and the demi-monde borrows manners from the extravagant princesses, countesses, and viscountesses. All Parie has been stirred with the Sardanapalian entertainment, which a leader of the demi-monde gave on the eve of Lent to the best male society in the Empire. The ladies were all unquestionably from young [Alexandre] Dumas' panier à quinze sous; but their manners and their toilettes were, we are told, all that could be desired.

1867, W[illiam] Blanchard Jerrod, “Society under the Second Empire”, in On the Boulevards; or Memorable Men and Things Drawn on the Spot, 1853–1866. […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: J. B. Lippincott & Co.; London: W[illiam] H[oughton] Allen & Co., […], →OCLC, page 14:

Skating Rinks are chiefly patronised by members of the demi[-]monde.

1878, K[arl] Baedeker, “Paris. Preliminary Information.”, in Paris and Its Environs: […], 6th revised and augmented edition, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker; London: Dulau and Co., […], →OCLC, section 17 (Concerts and Balls), page 57:

Racing is confined almost exclusively to the upper and middle classes in Hungary, though it is always attended by numbers of the demi[-]monde.

1897, H. Ellen Browning, chapter III, in A Girl’s Wanderings in Hungary, 2nd edition, London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 56:

This is the last straw. In your infatuation for this man—a man who is notorious for his excesses, a man your father would not have allowed to so much as mention your name—you have reflected the demi-monde rather than the circles in which you have presumably grown up.

1920 May 27, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, “The Offshore Pirate”, in Flappers and Philosophers, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published September 1920, →OCLC, part I, page 6:

The ballet offered another way up for daughters, maybe not through marriage, but through training for a world that didn't need marriage to be glorious—the Petersburg demimonde with its parties, restaurans, hothouse flowers in witner, chinovniki, and officers entertaining mistresses and setting them up with children in apartments. The demimonde was an alternate, semi-hidden social world, to which ballet was firmly linked.

2013, Elizabeth Kendall, “Georgi”, in Balanchine and the Lost Muse: Revolution and the Making of a Choreographer, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 38:

(chiefly historical (19th-century France)) A class of women maintained by wealthy protectors; female courtesans or prostitutes as a group.


mainstream

en-verb

mainstream (third-person singular simple present mainstreams, present participle mainstreaming, simple past and past participle mainstreamed)

mainstreams (present singular third-person)
mainstreaming (participle present)
mainstreamed (participle past)
mainstreamed (past)

Despite these beliefs, the decision to send my son to a regular school was not made easily. I didn't know of any child as disabled as he who had been mainstreamed.

1985 April 14, Barbara Gerbasi, “Mainstreaming My Son”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(transitive, education, chiefly US) To educate (a disabled student) together with non-disabled students.


persuasion

en-noun

persuasion (countable and uncountable, plural persuasions)

From French persuasion and its source, Latin persuāsiō, from persuādēre, from suādēre (“to advise, recommend”).

One's ability or power to influence someone's opinions or feelings; persuasiveness.


junto

/ˈd͡ʒʌn.təʊ/

/ˈd͡ʒʊn.təʊ/

Erroneous adaptation of junta, by assimilation with Spanish nouns in -o.

The opinions of this junto were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the inn, at the door of which he took his seat from morning to night, just moving sufficiently to … keep in the shade of a large tree; ….

1819, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, Rip Van Winkle:

I was seized and shaken without ceremony, for several minutes, by a junto of very rough-looking individuals.

1844, Edgar Allan Poe, The Premature Burial:

(archaic) A group of men assembled for some common purpose; a club, or cabal.


nuclear family

nuclear family (plural nuclear families)

The initial result of that fragmentation, the nuclear family, didn’t seem so bad. But then, because the nuclear family is so brittle, the fragmentation continued. In many sectors of society, nuclear families fragmented into single-parent families, single-parent families into chaotic families or no families.

2020 March, David Brooks, “The Nuclear Family Was a Mistake”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:

A family unit consisting of two parents (traditionally a mother and a father) and their children.

gesin

a family unit consisting of a father, mother and children


bourgeoisie

bourgeoisie (usually uncountable, plural bourgeoisies)

/ˌbʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑːˈziː/

Unadapted borrowing from French bourgeoisie, from bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from bourgeois, “burghers”, i.e., townspeople.

ubor

For quotations using this term, see Citations:bourgeoisie.

(historical) A class of citizens who were wealthier members of the third estate.


LGBT

/ˈɛl ˈɡjɛ ˈbɛ ˈtɛ/

Orthographic borrowing from English LGBT.


air force

→ Irish: aerfhórsa (calque)

/ˈɛə(ɹ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)s/

A unit in the U.S. Air Force larger than a division but smaller than a command.


mutiny

en-noun

mutiny (countable and uncountable, plural mutinies)

In every mutiny against the discipline of the college, he was the ringleader.

1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Samuel Johnson”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:

An organized rebellion against a legally constituted authority, especially by seamen against their officers.


rebellion

rebellion (countable and uncountable, plural rebellions)

obedience

antonym(s) of “defiance of authority or control”

From Middle English rebellioun, rebellion, from Old French rebellion, from Latin rebelliō. Also see -ion.

The army general led a successful rebellion and became president of the country.

(countable) An organized, forceful subversion of the law of the land in an attempt to replace it with another form of government.


sextet

From French sextette, from Italian sestetto.

A group of six singers or instrumentalists.


emergency services

Collectively, the police, fire department and EMS services. May also include other response agencies.


ordo

la-noun

ōrdō m (genitive ōrdinis); third declension

ōrdō (canonical masculine)
ōrdinis (genitive)
ōrdō (nominative singular)
ōrdinēs (nominative plural)
ōrdinis (genitive singular)
ōrdinum (genitive plural)
ōrdinī (dative singular)
ōrdinibus (dative plural)
ōrdinem (accusative singular)
ōrdinēs (accusative plural)
ōrdine (ablative singular)
ōrdinibus (ablative plural)
ōrdō (singular vocative)
ōrdinēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: urdin

Romanian: ordin, ordine

Padanian:

Friulian: ordin

Piedmontese: ordo

Romansch: urden, uorden

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: ordine, ordini

Dalmatian: jorden

Italian: ordine

Neapolitan: ordine, urdine

Sicilian: ùrdini, òrdini

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ordre

French: orne

Occitan: òrde

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: orde

Old Galician-Portuguese: orden, ordin

Galician: orde, engorde

Portuguese: ordem

Spanish: orden

Sardinian:

Campidanese: òrdini, òldini

Logudorese: òrdine, òldine

Borrowed:

→ Albanian: urdhër

→ Breton: urzh

desc

→ Bulgarian: орден (orden), ордер (order)

→ Danish: orden, ordning, ordre

→ Dutch: orde, order

→ Indonesian: orde

→ English: ordo

→ Esperanto: ordeno, ordino, ordo, ordono

Ido: ordeno, ordino, ordo

→ French: ordo

→ German: Orden, Order, ordern, Ordnung, Ordo

→ Hunsrik: Orde

→ Indonesian: ordo

→ Interlingua: ordine

→ Irish: ord

→ Italian: ordo

→ Norwegian: orden, ordning, ordre

→ Old French: ordre, ordne, ordene

Middle French: ordre

French: ordre

→ Middle English: ordre

English: order

→ Polish: order, ordynek

→ Russian: орден (orden), ордер (order)

→ Scottish Gaelic: òrdaich, òrdugh

→ Swahili: oda

→ Swedish: orden, order, ordning

→ Ukrainian: орден (orden), ордер (order)

→ Welsh: urdd

From Proto-Italic *ordō (“row, order”); the initial ō- is a secondary development. Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-dʰ-Hō, from *h₂er- (“to fit together”), whence also artus (“joint, limb”).

(military) A rank or line of soldiers; band, troop, company

Liturgy of the Hours
Liturgy of the Hours

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a guide for the celebration of a liturgical rite, such as the Mass or the Liturgy of the Hours ("Ordo Romanus Primus", "Ordo Missae")


extended family

en-noun

extended family (plural extended families)

Angaran females typically give birth to several young who require support and supervision, resulting in large extended families that become accustomed to living and working together.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Angara: Biology Codex entry:

The old men nap on couches, waiting for dessert. It’s the extended family in all its tangled, loving, exhausting glory.

2020 February 10, David Brooks, “The Nuclear Family Was a Mistake”, in The Atlantic:

A family consisting of parents and children, along with additional members such as grandparents, grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins, etc.

да́льние ро́дственники (distant relatives) (dálʹnije ródstvenniki (distant relatives))


cabal

From French cabale, from Medieval Latin cabbala, which in turn is derived from Hebrew קַבָּלָה (kabalá, “Jewish mysticism”, literally “reception, something received”) (such as knowledge). Doublet of Kabballah.

der

Some episkoposes have a one-man cabal. Some work together. Some never do explain.

1965, Greg Hill, Kerry Thornley, Principia Discordia:

An identifiable group within the tradition of Discordianism.


aircrew

The aircrew ran to the bomber.

A group of two or more trained individuals, formed as a team that operates an aircraft.


riche

head

riche (plural and weak singular riche, comparative richere, superlative richest)

riche (plural)
riche (singular weak)
richere (comparative)
richest (superlative)

English: rich

Scots: rich

Yola: reeche

From Old English rīċe (“mighty, rich”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīkī, from Proto-Germanic *rīkijaz (“powerful, rich”), from *rīks, an early borrowing from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs.

inh

Fine, marvellous; high-quality:
Ornate, splendid; highly detailed.

Fine, marvellous; high-quality:
Efficacious, useful, powerful.

Fine, marvellous; high-quality:
(rare) Finely-attired.

Fine, marvellous; high-quality:
Finely-attired.

Intense; loud (in sound), deep (in colour)


general public

After days of intensifying pressure from runners, politicians and the general public to call off the New York City Marathon in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, city officials and the event’s organizers decided Friday afternoon to cancel the race.

2012 November 2, Ken Belson, New York Times, retrieved 2012-11-02:

Members of the public not in the attentive public of any given issue; laypeople.


drvored

dȑvorēd (canonical masculine)
др̏воре̄д (Cyrillic)
drvored (nominative singular)
drvoredi (nominative plural)
drvoreda (genitive singular)
drvoreda (genitive plural)
drvoredu (dative singular)
drvoredima (dative plural)
drvored (accusative singular)
drvorede (accusative plural)
drvorede (singular vocative)
drvoredi (plural vocative)
drvoredu (locative singular)
drvoredima (locative plural)
drvoredom (instrumental singular)
drvoredima (instrumental plural)

a row of trees along the street/road, in a park etc.


vol

(collective) flock (group of animals flying together)

(collective) shoal (group of animals swimming together)


gathering

From Middle English gadering, from Old English gaderung (“gathering, assembly”), equivalent to gather + -ing (verbal noun ending).

/ˈɡæð.ə.ɹɪŋ/

I met her at a gathering of engineers and scientists.

A meeting or get-together; a party or social function.

A gathering of fruit.

This gathering machine forms the backbone of a bookbinding operation.

(bookbinding) A section, a group of bifolios, or sheets of paper, stacked together and folded in half.

(medicine) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.


legislature

/ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsˌleɪt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsləˌt͡ʃʊə/

/ˈlɛd͡ʒɪslət͡ʃə/

1676, from stem of legislator + -ure, cognate with French législature.

օրենսդիր մարմին

governmental body with the power to make, amend and repeal laws

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/48 § legislature

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/93 § upper house

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/50 § lower house

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/55 § national assembly

legislative building
legislative building


threesome

Threesomes are huge right now. They're the blow job of the '90s.

1998 July 26, Jenny Bicks, “Three's a Crowd”, in Sex and the City, season 1, episode 8, spoken by Samantha:

‘Tell me everything,’ she said to Losse, and when she’d heard everything, got the colleague who kept suggesting a threesome discreetly demoted.

2013, Joanna Biggs, “Tell me everything”, in London Review of Books, volume 35, number 7:

Being polyamorous isn't inherently wrong. Neither is desiring threesomes or kinky sex.

2016 April 3, Zachary Zane, “Where Do "Messy Bisexuals" Fit Into the Bi+ Community?”, in HuffPost, archived from the original on 2022-06-07:

That’s a threesome joke about her fucking children! It was in the first season and they gave her another one!

2016, Tim Carvell [et al.], “Charter Schools”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 22, John Oliver (actor), Warner Bros. Television, via HBO:

An instance of sexual activity involving three people.

тро́йка

a sexual activity involving three people


hoi polloi

/ˌhɔɪ pəˈlɔɪ/

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἱ πολλοί (hoi polloí, “the many”).

learned borrowing

Our moral standards sway Like Mrs. Tanqueray, And we are theoretically Most aesthetically Eager to display The fact that we're aggressively And excessively Anxious to destroy All the snobbery And hob-nobbery Of the hoi-polloi.

1934, Noël Coward, Play Parade, page 334:

"Maybe eating lunch on Nob Hill with your friends the hoi polloi." She didn't mean hoi polloi; but if you roll that phrase around your tongue long enough it can acquire a deceptive taste of affluence. "I don't have any hoi polloi friends"[.]

1985, Herbert Gold, Stories of Misbegotten Love: Stories, page 135:

"You gotta have references from the hoi polloi or else the MacDonalds won't give you the time of day. You don't happen to know the Queen, do you?"

1992, Charles Mathes, The Girl with the Phony Name:

"Always the fashion plate, aren't you, Peter", the mayor said as he shook Wohl's hand. “Even when you were a little boy.” “I've been out hobnobbing with the hoi polloi, Mr. Mayor.” / “Which hoi polloi would that be?” the mayor asked, chuckling. / “Captain Pekach's fiancée.

"I'm very insulted," she stated, picking at her nail polish. / "Why?" / "Am I, Alice Golden, former star of Las Vegas — Lennie inherited everything he knows from me — not good enough to sit at the dinner table with the likes of the hoi polloi?"

He sees me as some shiny piece of rough trade in from the boroughs to hobnob with Manhattan's hoi polloi, a chance find that adds a dash of edgy color to his safe, easy life[.]

2010, Adam Dunn, Rivers of Gold: A Novel, page 15:

It had chandeliers and potted plants, elephantine tables and plush velvet chairs, and it was filled with the hoi polloi I had met on Magazine Street—men in high hats and women in the finest bonnets and bustles.

2011, Jerome Charyn, The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson: A Novel, page 216:

(nonstandard, see Usage notes) The elite.


家族

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (家族):
* → Japanese: 家(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku)
* → Korean: 가족(家族) (gajok)
* → Vietnamese: gia tộc (家族)

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zoʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ka³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ke³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zoʔ²¹/

家族世襲

家族世袭


multimedia

pl-noun

multimedia nvir pl (related adjective multimedialny)

multimedialny (adjective)
multimedia (nominative plural)
multimediów (genitive plural)
multimediom (dative plural)
multimedia (accusative plural)
multimediami (instrumental plural)
multimediach (locative plural)
multimedia (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English multimedia, French multimédia, German Multimedia. By surface analysis, multi- + media.

(computing) multimedia (IT products in the form of programs, games, etc., using images, sound, animation, or other means that affect the active use of the user)


infantry

en-noun

infantry (countable and uncountable, plural infantries)

From Middle French infanterie, from older Italian, possibly from Spanish infantería (“foot soldiers, force composed of those too inexperienced or low in rank for cavalry”), from infante (“foot soldier”), originally "a youth", either way from Latin īnfāns (“child”); see there for more.

der

The next summer there was a crop of blackberries in the woods. I took wife and babies, supplied with lunch and horse feed; […] Wife took command of the infantry and I of the transportation. We were both soon calling loudly for assistance.

1887, Transactions of the Iowa State Horticultural Society, page 142:

(colloquial, humorous) Infants; children.


pars

la-noun

pars f (genitive partis); third declension

partis (genitive)
pars (nominative singular)
partēs (nominative plural)
partis (genitive singular)
partium (genitive plural)
partī (dative singular)
partibus (dative plural)
partem (accusative singular)
partim (accusative singular)
partēs (accusative plural)
partīs (accusative plural)
parte (ablative singular)
partī (ablative singular)
partibus (ablative plural)
pars (singular vocative)
partēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: parti, parte

Catalan: part

Dalmatian: puart

Old French: part

French: part

→ English: part (partly; also from Old English)

i

from the Old French plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">pars</i>

→ English: parse (from the Old French plural pars)

Friulian: part

Galician: parte

Irish: páirt

Italian: parte

Ladin: part, pert

Megleno-Romanian: parti

Occitan: part

Portuguese: parte

Romanian: parte

Romansch: part

Sardinian: parti, parte, palte

Sicilian: parti

Spanish: parte

Swedish: part

Venetan: part, parte

→ Dutch: part

→⇒ English: pars recta

→ Old English: part

English: part (partly; also from Old French)

→ Welsh: parth

From Proto-Italic *partis > parts > pars.
Probably from the same root as pār and portiō. This could be the Proto-Indo-European root *perH- or *per- (“sell, exchange”), which also gave the Ancient Greek πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”), and πέρνημι (pérnēmi, “sell”).
Others refer to (the perhaps identical) Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pass through”), whence Latin porta, portus, parō, pariō, perīculum, experior, Ancient Greek πέρα (péra), πείρω (peírō), πόρος (póros), Proto-Germanic *faraną (“to go, to travel”) and *fērō (“danger”), whence English fare and fear, German fahren and Gefahr.
While keeping the separate root Proto-Indo-European *sperH-, that could also explain Latin parcus, parcō, Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós), English spare.
According to Michiel De Vaan's Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (2008), probably from the same root as pariō.


charity

en-noun

charity (countable and uncountable, plural charities)

From Middle English charite, from Old French charité, cherte, chariteit, cariteit, from Latin cāritās.

(countable) The goods or money given to those in need.


lege

English: liege

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman lige, liege; further etymology is disputed.

Pledged to obey one's superiors; subject to duty by an authority.


asterism

From Ancient Greek ἀστερισμός (asterismós, “group of stars”), from ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”). Analyzable as aster- + -ism.

derived

(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).

نَجْمِيَّة

a star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals


sangha

Transliteration of Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha, “heap, multitude, crowd”).

translit

The community of all followers of the Buddha; the ecclesia in which the devout take refuge; those who have "entered the stream" towards nirvana; as one of the three jewels of Buddhism.


Polonia

polonijny (adjective)
Polonia (nominative singular)
Polonii (genitive singular)
Polonii (dative singular)
Polonię (accusative singular)
Polonią (instrumental singular)
Polonii (locative singular)
Polonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Polonia.

lbor

Polish diaspora (name for Polish people or people of Polish descent living outside the borders of Poland)


peanut gallery

en-noun

peanut gallery (plural peanut galleries)

The phrase comes from nineteenth-century vaudeville theatres and refers to the cheap seats at the back of the theatre or in the upper balcony. It came to be applied to other venues as well, referring to the section where less-educated or less-seriously-interested patrons sat. The "peanut" comes from the popularity of that cheap snack in those sections, and the possibility that patrons might throw peanuts at the stage if displeased.
In the mid-twentieth century, the Howdy Doody Show associated "peanut gallery" specifically with children.

(historical) In the nineteenth century, the cheap seats at the back of a theatre or in the upper balcony.


fandom

fandom (countable and uncountable, plural fandoms)

fandomtwt

Twitter communities of specific fandoms or groups

"'Who is this Swain?' is the question that is being bowled about in local fandom."

1896, Washington Post October 10, 1896, p. 8, column 6

So I was like, ‘When this comes out, fans are going to lose their s–t!’ And I was half-right. I’ve watched fandoms get mad at creators before like Rian Johnson on ‘The Last Jedi.’

2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, quoting Kevin Smith, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post:

The fans of a sport, activity, work, person etc., taken as a group.


класс

ru-noun+

класс • (klass) m inan (genitive кла́сса, nominative plural кла́ссы, genitive plural кла́ссов, relational adjective кла́ссный or кла́ссовый)

klass (romanization)
кла́сса (genitive)
кла́ссы (nominative plural)
кла́ссов (genitive plural)
кла́ссный (adjective relational)
кла́ссовый (adjective relational)
кла́сс (nominative singular)
кла́ссы (nominative plural)
кла́сса (genitive singular)
кла́ссов (genitive plural)
кла́ссу (dative singular)
кла́ссам (dative plural)
кла́сс (accusative singular)
кла́ссы (accusative plural)
кла́ссом (instrumental singular)
кла́ссами (instrumental plural)
кла́ссе (prepositional singular)
кла́ссах (plural prepositional)

q

or from French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">classe</i>

→ Bulgarian: клас (klas) (or from French classe)

→ Dargwa: ккалас (kkalas)

→ Ingrian: klaassa

→ Lithuanian: klasė (?)

→ Votic: klaassõ

(education, school) grade (United States); form (British) (in primary and secondary school)


hurma

hurma (nominative singular)
hurmy (nominative plural)
hurmy (genitive singular)
hurm (genitive plural)
hurmie (dative singular)
hurmom (dative plural)
hurmę (accusative singular)
hurmy (accusative plural)
hurmą (instrumental singular)
hurmami (instrumental plural)
hurmie (locative singular)
hurmach (locative plural)
hurmo (singular vocative)
hurmy (plural vocative)

→ Russian: гурьба́ (gurʹbá)


kinfolk

en-noun

kinfolk (countable and uncountable, plural kinfolks or kinfolk)

‘You have kinfolks here though. Women. That used to live in this house.’

1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Vintage, published 1993, page 122:

That says something about the nature of man—his fantasies of death that get enacted into the slaughter of man by man—kinfolk or strangers in droves—on every possible mindless occasion.

1982, Bernard Malamud, “Cohn’s Island”, in God’s Grace, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux:

Three 6 Mafia, them my kinfolk.

2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:


commune

en-verb

commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)

communes (present singular third-person)
communing (participle present)
communed (participle past)
communed (past)

From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.

I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.


squadron

squadrons (plural)
to: sqn (abbreviation)

Those half-rounding guards / Just met, and, closing, stood in squadron joined.

1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(obsolete) A body of troops drawn up in a square.

(military, historical, army) A body of cavalry comprising two companies or troops, averaging from one hundred and twenty to two hundred soldiers.

(military) A body of infantrymen made up of several platoons, averaging from eighty to one hundred and fifty men, and led by a captain or a major.

(military, air force) A tactical air force unit; consists of at least two flights; multiple squadrons make up a group or wing (depending on particular air force).

эскадры́лія

air force: tactical unit of at least two flights


squadron

squadron (third-person singular simple present squadrons, present participle squadroning, simple past and past participle squadroned)

squadrons (present singular third-person)
squadroning (participle present)
squadroned (participle past)
squadroned (past)

(transitive) To divide up into squadrons.


Claque

de-noun

Claque f (genitive Claque, plural Claquen)

Claque (genitive)
Claquen (plural)
Claque (nominative singular)
Claquen (definite nominative plural)
Claque (genitive singular)
Claquen (definite genitive plural)
Claque (dative singular)
Claquen (dative definite plural)
Claque (accusative singular)
Claquen (accusative definite plural)

(collective) claque (people hired to attend a performance and to either applaud or boo)


Orient

Orient (nominative singular)
Orientu (genitive singular)
Orientowi (dative singular)
Orient (accusative singular)
Orientem (instrumental singular)
Oriencie (locative singular)
Oriencie (singular vocative)

Coordinate term: Okcydent

(politics) East (Eastern Europe, non-Cold War concept)


Rot

head

Rot m (plural Röt or Rode, diminutive Rötsche)

Röt (plural)
Rode (plural)
Rötsche (diminutive)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *rād, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz.


Si

From Old Limburgish sīda, from Medieval Latin sīda, sēta, from Latin saeta (“horsehair; bristle; silk”).

der

Any of several parasitic vines, of the genus Cuscuta, having small white flowers but no leaves.


Z

Alternative form: Zed

Take that a step further for Millennials and Zs by crafting an e-mail subject header that does the same but with even fewer characters; […]

2017, Martha M. Ellis, Linda Garcia, Generation X Presidents Leading Community Colleges: New Challenges, New Leaders, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 10:

The current progressive movement—and certainly the Millennials and Zs—understand that the Hyde Amendment is discriminatory […]

2020, Zerlina Maxwell, The End of White Politics: How to Heal Our Liberal Divide, New York, N.Y.: Hachette Books, →ISBN:

The current global pandemic is almost certainly a formative moment for younger Millennials and Zs as they navigate through similar challenges.

2022, Morgen Witzel, editor, Post-Pandemic Leadership: Exploring Solutions to a Crisis, Routledge, →ISBN:


rota

rote (kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy)


rota

(historical, military) rota (infantry or cavalry unit in Poland in the 16th–17th c.)

(historical, military) rota (row of soldiers in formation in Poland in the 18th c.)


rota

(firefighting) group of rescuers or firefighters consisting of two people


rota

rota (nominative singular)
roty (nominative plural)
roty (genitive singular)
rot (genitive plural)
rocie (dative singular)
rotom (dative plural)
rotę (accusative singular)
roty (accusative plural)
rotą (instrumental singular)
rotami (instrumental plural)
rocie (locative singular)
rotach (locative plural)
roto (singular vocative)
roty (plural vocative)

(law, Roman Catholicism) tribunal of appeal functioning under the Roman Curia


brigade

a work brigade; a fire brigade

A group of people organized for a common purpose.


collegiate

English: collegiate

From Medieval Latin collēgiātus; equivalent to college + -at.

(rare) Collected; formed into a grouping or assembly.


womankind

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-womankind.wav

From Middle English wommankynde. By surface analysis, woman + -kind.

Alternative form: womenkind

The infinite simplicity and silliness of mankind and womankind at large were too well known to the Serjeant to cause him dismay, let them be shown in ever so egregious a fashion.

1871 (date written), Anthony Trollope, “It isn’t Law”, in Lady Anna. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 111:


союз

head

союз (sojuz) m inan (related adjective союзни)

sojuz (romanization)
союзни (adjective)
союз (nominative singular)
союзи (nominative plural)
союза (genitive singular)
союзох (genitive plural)
союзу (dative singular)
союзом (dative plural)
союз (accusative singular)
союзи (accusative plural)
союзом (instrumental singular)
союзами (instrumental plural)
союзу (locative singular)
союзох (locative plural)
союзу (singular vocative)
союзи (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian союз (sojuz), ultimately from Old Pskovian съѭза (śŷjǫźa), from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)ǫzъ.


союз

ru-noun+

сою́з • (sojúz) m inan (genitive сою́за, nominative plural сою́зы, genitive plural сою́зов, relational adjective сою́зный, diminutive сою́зик)

сою́з (canonical)
sojúz (romanization)
сою́за (genitive)
сою́зы (nominative plural)
сою́зов (genitive plural)
сою́зный (adjective relational)
сою́зик (diminutive)
сою́з (nominative singular)
сою́зы (nominative plural)
сою́за (genitive singular)
сою́зов (genitive plural)
сою́зу (dative singular)
сою́зам (dative plural)
сою́з (accusative singular)
сою́зы (accusative plural)
сою́зом (instrumental singular)
сою́зами (instrumental plural)
сою́зе (prepositional singular)
сою́зах (plural prepositional)

→ English: Soyuz

→ Ingrian: sojuza

→ Spanish: Soyuz

→ Pannonian Rusyn: союз (sojuz)

→ Polish: sojusz

→ Uzbek: soyuz

→ Yakut: сойуус (soyuus)

Borrowed from Old Pskovian съѭза (śŷjǫźa), from Proto-Slavic *ǫzъ (“bond, tie”). Compare у́зы (úzy). Previously, it was traditionally explained by hypercorrection due to the influence of the Old Church Slavonic language.


союз

uk-noun

сою́з • (sojúz) m inan (genitive сою́зу, nominative plural сою́зи, genitive plural сою́зів)

сою́з (canonical)
sojúz (romanization)
сою́зу (genitive)
сою́зи (nominative plural)
сою́зів (genitive plural)
сою́з (nominative singular)
сою́зи (nominative plural)
сою́зу (genitive singular)
сою́зів (genitive plural)
сою́зові (dative singular)
сою́зу (dative singular)
сою́зам (dative plural)
сою́з (accusative singular)
сою́зи (accusative plural)
сою́зом (instrumental singular)
сою́зами (instrumental plural)
сою́зі (locative singular)
сою́зах (locative plural)
сою́зе (singular vocative)
сою́зи (plural vocative)

1973, Ленін, 32, 329:
В союзі з революціонерами передових країн і з усіма пригнобленими народами проти всяких і всіх імперіалістів — така зовнішня політика пролетаріату.
V sojuzi z revoljucioneramy peredovyx krajin i z usima pryhnoblenymy narodamy proty vsjakyx i vsix imperialistiv — taka zovnišnja polityka proletariatu.
In alliance with the revolutionaries of the advanced countries and with all the oppressed peoples against imperialism of all sorts - this is the foreign policy of the proletariat.


riffraff

en-noun

riffraff (usually uncountable, plural riffraffs)

From Old French rif et raf (“one and all”), of Germanic origin. The first word is from rifler (“to scrape off”) and the last is from raffler, related to rafler (“to plunder”).


chain gang

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chain gang.wav

(cycling) A group of cyclists riding in a close-knit formation akin to a road race, normally for the purposes of training.

ryhmäajo

a group of cyclists riding in a close-knit formation


triplet

PIE word
 *tréyes
From triple + -et, q.v.

A constructed gem consisting of a thin slice of natural opal sandwiched between a clear glass or quartz top and a synthetic or stone backing that enhances the colour of the opal.


漁民

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (漁民):
* → Japanese: 漁民(ぎょみん) (gyomin)
* → Korean: 어민(漁民) (eomin)
* → Vietnamese: ngư dân (漁民)

/jyː²¹ mɐn²¹/

/ŋ̍¹¹ min¹¹/

/hi²³⁻³³ bin²³/

/hi¹³⁻²² bin¹³/

/hi²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹ mɐn²¹/

/ŋ̍¹¹ min¹¹/

/hi²³⁻³³ bin²³/

/hi¹³⁻²² bin¹³/

/hi²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miŋ⁵⁵/


флот

Borrowed from Russian флот (flot), from Dutch vloot.


флот

ru-noun+

флот • (flot) m inan (genitive фло́та, nominative plural фло́ты or флоты́, genitive plural фло́тов or флото́в, relational adjective фло́тский)

flot (romanization)
фло́та (genitive)
фло́ты (nominative plural)
флоты́ (nominative plural)
фло́тов (genitive plural)
флото́в (genitive plural)
фло́тский (adjective relational)
фло́т (nominative singular)
фло́ты (nominative plural)
флоты́ (nominative plural)
фло́та (genitive singular)
фло́тов (genitive plural)
флото́в (genitive plural)
фло́ту (dative singular)
фло́там (dative plural)
флота́м (dative plural)
фло́т (accusative singular)
фло́ты (accusative plural)
флоты́ (accusative plural)
фло́том (instrumental singular)
фло́тами (instrumental plural)
флота́ми (instrumental plural)
фло́те (prepositional singular)
фло́тах (plural prepositional)
флота́х (plural prepositional)

→ Kazakh: флот (flot)

→ Kildin Sami: фло̄һт (flōht)

а́рмия и флот ― ármija i flot ― army and navy

возду́шный флот

гражда́нский флот

Аэрофло́т ― Aeroflót ― Aeroflot


народ

mk-noun

народ • (narod) m (plural народи, relational adjective народен or народски, diminutive народец)

narod (romanization)
народи (plural)
народен (adjective relational)
народски (adjective relational)
народец (diminutive)
народ (indefinite singular)
народи (indefinite plural)
народот (definite singular unspecified)
народите (definite plural unspecified)
народов (definite proximal singular)
народиве (definite plural proximal)
народон (definite distal singular)
народине (definite distal plural)
народе (singular vocative)
народи (plural vocative)
народа (count-form plural)


народ

ru-noun+

наро́д • (naród) m inan (genitive наро́да, nominative plural наро́ды, genitive plural наро́дов, relational adjective наро́дный, diminutive наро́дец, pejorative наро́дец or наро́дишко)

наро́д (canonical)
naród (romanization)
наро́да (genitive)
наро́ды (nominative plural)
наро́дов (genitive plural)
наро́дный (adjective relational)
наро́дец (diminutive)
наро́дец (pejorative)
наро́дишко (pejorative)
наро́д (nominative singular)
наро́ды (nominative plural)
наро́да (genitive singular)
наро́дов (genitive plural)
наро́ду (dative singular)
наро́дам (dative plural)
наро́д (accusative singular)
наро́ды (accusative plural)
наро́дом (instrumental singular)
наро́дами (instrumental plural)
наро́де (prepositional singular)
наро́дах (plural prepositional)
наро́ду (partitive singular)

→ Bezhta: наръадуа (narʔadwa)

→ Kildin Sami: нарэдт (naredt)

→ Komi-Zyrian: народ (narod)

→ Yakut: норуот (noruot)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *narodъ. By surface analysis, на- (na-) + род (rod).


stotina

stȍtina (canonical feminine)
сто̏тина (Cyrillic)
stȍtina (nominative singular)
stotine (nominative plural)
stotine (genitive singular)
stotina (genitive plural)
stotini (dative singular)
stotinama (dative plural)
stotinu (accusative singular)
stotine (accusative plural)
stotino (singular vocative)
stotine (plural vocative)
stotini (locative singular)
stotinama (locative plural)
stotinom (instrumental singular)
stotinama (instrumental plural)


стотина

stotina (romanization)
стотина (indefinite singular)
стотини (indefinite plural)
стотината (definite singular unspecified)
стотините (definite plural unspecified)
стотинава (definite proximal singular)
стотиниве (definite plural proximal)
стотинана (definite distal singular)
стотинине (definite distal plural)
стотино (singular vocative)
стотини (plural vocative)


стотина

сто̏тина (canonical feminine)
stȍtina (romanization)
сто̏тина (nominative singular)
стотине (nominative plural)
стотине (genitive singular)
стотина (genitive plural)
стотини (dative singular)
стотинама (dative plural)
стотину (accusative singular)
стотине (accusative plural)
стотино (singular vocative)
стотине (plural vocative)
стотини (locative singular)
стотинама (locative plural)
стотином (instrumental singular)
стотинама (instrumental plural)


штат

be-noun

штат • (štat) m inan (genitive шта́та, nominative plural шта́ты, genitive plural шта́таў)

štat (romanization)
шта́та (genitive)
шта́ты (nominative plural)
шта́таў (genitive plural)
штат (nominative singular)
шта́ты (nominative plural)
шта́та (genitive singular)
шта́таў (genitive plural)
шта́ту (dative singular)
шта́там (dative plural)
штат (accusative singular)
шта́ты (accusative plural)
шта́там (instrumental singular)
шта́тамі (instrumental plural)
шта́це (locative singular)
шта́тах (locative plural)
шта́ты (count-form plural)

Borrowed from German Staat (“state, country”), from Middle Low German stāt, from Middle Dutch staet, from Latin stātus.


штат

ru-noun+

штат • (štat) m inan (genitive шта́та, nominative plural шта́ты, genitive plural шта́тов)

štat (romanization)
шта́та (genitive)
шта́ты (nominative plural)
шта́тов (genitive plural)
шта́т (nominative singular)
шта́ты (nominative plural)
шта́та (genitive singular)
шта́тов (genitive plural)
шта́ту (dative singular)
шта́там (dative plural)
шта́т (accusative singular)
шта́ты (accusative plural)
шта́том (instrumental singular)
шта́тами (instrumental plural)
шта́те (prepositional singular)
шта́тах (plural prepositional)

→ Bashkir: штат (ştat)

→ Georgian: შტატი (šṭaṭi)

→ Kazakh: штат (ştat)

Borrowed from German Staat (“state, country”), from Middle Low German stāt, from Middle Dutch staet, from Latin stātus. The semantic development was influenced by French état from the same Latin source.


штат

uk-noun

штат • (štat) m inan (genitive шта́ту, nominative plural шта́ти, genitive plural шта́тів)

štat (romanization)
шта́ту (genitive)
шта́ти (nominative plural)
шта́тів (genitive plural)
штат (nominative singular)
шта́ти (nominative plural)
шта́ту (genitive singular)
шта́тів (genitive plural)
шта́тові (dative singular)
шта́ту (dative singular)
шта́там (dative plural)
штат (accusative singular)
шта́ти (accusative plural)
шта́том (instrumental singular)
шта́тами (instrumental plural)
шта́ті (locative singular)
шта́тах (locative plural)
шта́те (singular vocative)
шта́ти (plural vocative)


kyn

English: kin

Scots: kin

From Old English cynn, from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją.

One's relations or kin:
A family; the set of one's relations.

One's relations or kin:
A nation, tribe, or clan.

One's relations or kin:
One's descendants or offspring.

A kinsman or kinswoman; one of one's kin.


middle class

All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism.

2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848, archived from the original on 2013-08-08:

A social and economic class lying above the working class and below the upper class.


школа

head

шко́ла • (škóla) f

rue-noun

шко́ла • (škóla) f

шко́ла (canonical)
škóla (romanization)
шко́ла (nominative singular)
шко́лы (nominative plural)
шко́лы (genitive singular)
шко́л (genitive plural)
шко́лї (dative singular)
шко́лам (dative plural)
шко́лу (accusative singular)
шко́лы (accusative plural)
шко́лов (instrumental singular)
шко́лами (instrumental plural)
шко́лї (locative singular)
шко́лам (locative plural)
шко́ло (singular vocative)

rue-decl-noun

шко́ла (škóla)

шко́лы (škólŷ)

шко́лы (škólŷ)

шко́л (škól)

шко́лї (škólji)

шко́лам (škólam)

шко́лу (škólu)

шко́лы (škólŷ)

шко́лов (škólov)

шко́лами (škólamy)

шко́лї (škólji)

шко́лам (škólam)

шко́ло (škólo)


syndicate

Anglicized form of French syndicat (“office of a syndic; board of syndics; trade union”) on the basis of -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a group formed of people of this same office), from syndic (“syndic; representative; chief magistrate of Geneva”) + -at (suffix denoting an action or result of an action), from Medieval Latin *syndicātus, from syndicus (“representative of a corporation or town; syndic”) (from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate for a defendant”), from σύν (sún, “beside; with”) + δίκη (díkē, “judgment; justice”)) + -ātus (suffix forming adjectives from nouns indicating the possession of a thing or a quality). By surface analysis, syndic + -ate.
Compare Italian sindacato (“syndicate; trade union; audit, control, supervision”), Occitan sendegat, Portuguese sindicato (“trade union”), Spanish sindicado, sindicato (“office of a syndic; syndicate; trade union”).

cog

Held at the estate of Mafia boss Joseph Barbara in Apalachin, NY, the meeting called by [Vito] Genovese in November 1957 brought over 100 mobsters from around the country to cement his power over the national crime syndicate.

1999, John Madinger, “Case Development”, in Confidential Informant: Law Enforcement’s Most Valuable Tool, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 178:

A group of individuals or companies formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest; a self-coordinating group.

(crime) A group of gangsters engaged in organized crime.

In the mid-1880s, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt broke into print inauspiciously as one member of the stable of writers who supplied humorous sketches and mildly sentimental or didactic squibs for S[amuel] S[idney] McClure's newspaper syndicate.

1980, Wiliam L. Andrews, “The Apprentice Years: Experiments and Decisions”, in The Literary Career of Charles W. Chesnutt, Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, page 17:

(mass media) A group of media companies, or an agency, formed to acquire content such as articles, cartoons, etc., and to publish it in multiple outlets; a chain of newspapers or other media outlets managed by such an organization.

a gambling syndicate

The worst deed ever alleged against the early sandalwood traders was that a number of natives were suffocated in a cave at Vaté, in the New Hebrides, by the smoke from a fire built at its mouth. But this was done by order of Maafu, who, on behalf of an Australian syndicate of highly-respectable merchants and church-members, was "bossing" an expedition in search of sandalwood through the New Hebrides.

1886, Julian Thomas, “Maafu, Prince of Tonga”, in Cannibals & Convicts: Notes of Personal Experiences in the Western Pacific, London, New York, N.Y.: Cassel & Company, Limited, →OCLC, page 24:

The ſoveraintie lies in the Council of 200, and this Council chuſes out of its number 25, who are the leſſer Council; […] they are choſen by a ſort of ballet, ſo that it is not known for whom they give their votes, which is an effectual method to ſuppreſs factions and reſentments; ſince in a competition no man can know who voted for him or againſt him: yet the election is not ſo carried, but that the whole Town is in an intrigue concerning it: for ſince the being of the little Council leads one to the Sindicat, which is the chieffe honor of the State: this dignitie is courted here, with as active and ſolicitous an ambition as appears elſewhere for greater matters.

1686, G[ilbert] Burnet, Some Letters Containing, an Account of What Seemed Most Remarkable in Switzerland, Italy, &c. Written by G. Burnett, D.D. to T[he] H[onourable] R[obert] B[oyle], Rotterdam: Printed by Abraham Acher, bookseller by the Exchange, →OCLC, pages 10–11:

The executive government of the University [of Madras] shall be vested in a syndicate, consisting of the Vice-Chancellor and six of the fellows, who shall be elected for one year by the several faculties, at the annual meetng of the senate, […]

1859, [India Office, Government of the United Kingdom], “Copy of Correspondence with the Indian Government, Showing the Progress of the Measures Adopted for Carrying Out the Education Despatch of the 19th Day of July 1854. [Bye-laws for the Government of the University of Madras.]”, in Accounts and Papers: Twenty-one Volumes. … Session 2, 31 May – 13 August 1859, volume 10 (East India (Education)), part II (Madras); volume XXIV, part II, [London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office], →OCLC, page 367:

The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a body or council of syndics.


syndicate

en-verb

syndicate (third-person singular simple present syndicates, present participle syndicating, simple past and past participle syndicated)

syndicates (present singular third-person)
syndicating (participle present)
syndicated (participle past)
syndicated (past)

From the noun or French syndiquer, either on the basis of -ate (verb-forming suffix).

When a potential transaction has been identified by a bank, the first activity is obtaining from the potential borrower a "mandate," which is the customer's exclusive authorization to a bank to act as the syndication manager for that particular transaction and to approach other financial institutions on its behalf to raise a given amount of funds. […] A mandate letter is very similar to a standard bank commitment letter, with the exception that bank managers do not guarantee to provide the credit facility, but rather only to syndicate it on a "best efforts" basis, perhaps with a certain firm commitment assumed by them representing a portion of the required syndicated financing.

1999, Esteban C. Buljevich, Yoon S. Park, “Syndicated Eurocredit Loans”, in Project Financing and the International Financial Markets, Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 20:

(transitive) To put under the control of a group acting as a unit.


rabble

rabble (third-person singular simple present rabbles, present participle rabbling, simple past and past participle rabbled)

rabbles (present singular third-person)
rabbling (participle present)
rabbled (participle past)
rabbled (past)

First attested since 1300s, from Middle English rablen (“to ramble; rave; speak in a confused manner”), cognate with Middle Dutch rabbelen (“to talk; chatter; trifle”), Low German rabbeln, robbeln (“to chatter; prattle”).

cog

(intransitive) To speak in a confused manner; talk incoherently; utter nonsense

(transitive) To speak confusedly or incoherently; gabble or chatter out


rabble

From Middle English rabel, probably from the verb (see above).

(obsolete) A pack of animals; or any confused collection of things.

Such practices as Theſe, too groſs to lye / Long unobſerv'd by each diſcerning Eye, / The more judicious Iſraelites Unſpell'd, / Though ſtill the Charm the giddy Rabble held, [...]

1682, [Nahum Tate; John Dryden], The Second Part of Absalom and Achitophel. A Poem. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 5:

(derogatory) The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace.

простолюдие

the mass of common people; the lowest class of people


rabble

From Old French roable (modern French râble), from Latin rutabulum (“a poker”).


proletariat

/ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/

From French prolétariat (“proletariats as a class; state of being a proletariat”), from Latin prōlētārius (“belonging to the lowest class of citizens, whose only contribution to the state was their offspring; member of this class”) + French -at (suffix denoting actions or the results of actions). Prōlētārius is derived from prōlēs (“offspring, posterity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, or forming nouns denoting agents of use from other nouns); prōlēs is from pro- (prefix meaning ‘bringing forth or into being; bringing into the open’) + *olēs (a variant of *oleō (“to grow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”)).

proletaro

lowest class of citizens in Ancient Rome and elsewhere

Coordinate term: salariat

Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie to-day, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its special and essential product.

1848 February, Karl Marx, Frederick Engels [i.e., Friedrich Engels], “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., Manifesto of the Communist Party. […], 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party, published 1898, →OCLC, page 27:

(Marxism) Wage earners collectively; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie (“the capital-owning class”).


proletariat

az-noun

proletariat (definite accusative proletariatı, plural proletariatlar)

proletariatı (accusative definite)
proletariatlar (plural)
proletariat (nominative singular)
proletariatlar (nominative plural)
proletariatı (accusative definite singular)
proletariatları (accusative definite plural)
proletariata (dative singular)
proletariatlara (dative plural)
proletariatda (locative singular)
proletariatlarda (locative plural)
proletariatdan (ablative singular)
proletariatlardan (ablative plural)
proletariatın (definite genitive singular)
proletariatların (definite genitive plural)
proletariatım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
proletariatlarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
proletariatın (nominative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatı (nominative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
proletariatlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
proletariatınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatı (nominative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
proletariatlarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
proletariatını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
proletariatlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
proletariatınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatlarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
proletariatlarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
proletariatına (dative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatına (dative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
proletariatlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
proletariatınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatına (dative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatlarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
proletariatlarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
proletariatında (locative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatında (locative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
proletariatlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
proletariatınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatında (locative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatlarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
proletariatlarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
proletariatından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
proletariatından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
proletariatlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
proletariatınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
proletariatından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatlarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
proletariatımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
proletariatlarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
proletariatının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
proletariatlarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
proletariatının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
proletariatlarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
proletariatımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
proletariatlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
proletariatınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
proletariatlarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
proletariatının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
proletariatlarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Russian пролетариа́т (proletariát), from French prolétariat.

bor

пролетариа́т


proletariat

prolêtariat (canonical)
proletariat-proletariat (plural)


proletariat

pl-noun

proletariat m inan (related adjective proletariacki)

proletariacki (adjective)
proletariat (nominative singular)
proletariatu (genitive singular)
proletariatowi (dative singular)
proletariat (accusative singular)
proletariatem (instrumental singular)
proletariacie (locative singular)
proletariacie (singular vocative)

(collective, Marxism) proletariat (working class or lower class)


taxpayer

The bank was bailed out by the taxpayer.

1945: I got into the bus full of taxpayers who were giving some money to a taxpayer who had on his taxpayer's stomach a little box which allowed the other taxpayers to continue their taxpayers' journeys. I noticed in this bus a taxpayer with a long taxpayer's neck and whose taxpayer's head bore a taxpayer's felt hat encircled by a plait the like of which no taxpayer ever wore before. Suddenly the said taxpayer peremptorily addressed a nearby taxpayer, complaining bitterly that he was purposely treading on his taxpayer's toes every time other taxpayers got on or off the taxpayers' bus. Then the angry taxpayer went and sat down in a seat for taxpayers which another taxpayer had just vacated. — Raymond Queneau, 'from Polyptotes' in Exercises in Style, 1945 (Eng. 1958)

The late Professor Pat White was an outspoken critic. In his 1986 book Forgotten Railways, he dismissed as smoke and mirrors the oft-used argument that 33% of rail routes carried only 1% of the traffic, as it ignores the fact that a third of the national road network also only carried 2% of cars and lorries. But unlike rail, road got away with it because no mention was made of how much it cost the taxpayer to keep them usable.

2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 53:

A person who is subject to, liable for, or pays tax.

អ្នកជាប់ពន្ធ

nĕək cŏəp pŭən


parlament

cs-noun

parlament m inan (relational adjective parlamentní or parlamentární)

parlamentní (adjective relational)
parlamentární (adjective relational)
parlament (nominative singular)
parlamenty (nominative plural)
parlamentu (genitive singular)
parlamentů (genitive plural)
parlamentu (dative singular)
parlamentům (dative plural)
parlament (accusative singular)
parlamenty (accusative plural)
parlamente (singular vocative)
parlamenty (plural vocative)
parlamentě (locative singular)
parlamentu (locative singular)
parlamentech (locative plural)
parlamentem (instrumental singular)
parlamenty (instrumental plural)

Parlament České republiky

Evropský parlament


parlament

pl-noun

parlament m inan (related adjective parlamentarny)

parlamentarny (adjective)
parlament (nominative singular)
parlamenty (nominative plural)
parlamentu (genitive singular)
parlamentów (genitive plural)
parlamentowi (dative singular)
parlamentom (dative plural)
parlament (accusative singular)
parlamenty (accusative plural)
parlamentem (instrumental singular)
parlamentami (instrumental plural)
parlamencie (locative singular)
parlamentach (locative plural)
parlamencie (singular vocative)
parlamenty (plural vocative)

(government) parliament (legislative branch of government, a deliberative assembly or set of assemblies whose elected or appointed members meet to debate the major political issues of the day, make, amend, and repeal laws, authorize the executive branch of government to spend money, and in some cases exercise judicial powers)

parliament (total number of people who sit in a parliament)


armed forces

en-noun

armed forces pl (normally plural, singular armed force)

What dictators fear most is losing the support of the armed forces, and when this happens, it's as if a ferocious beast has lost its teeth.

2020 September 23, Shi Chuan, “When Police Officers No Longer Work for Dictators”, in Minghui:

The military forces of a nation, such as the army, navy, air force, marines, and sometimes, coastguard or border guard, which are tasked with the defence of the nation and its citizens, if necessary through use of deadly force.

weermag

the military forces of a nation — see also army


род

ru-noun+

род • (rod) m inan (genitive ро́да, nominative plural рода́, genitive plural родо́в)

rod (romanization)
ро́да (genitive)
рода́ (nominative plural)
родо́в (genitive plural)
ро́д (nominative singular)
рода́ (irregular nominative plural)
ро́да (genitive singular)
родо́в (genitive plural)
ро́ду (dative singular)
рода́м (dative plural)
ро́д (accusative singular)
рода́ (accusative irregular plural)
ро́дом (instrumental singular)
рода́ми (instrumental plural)
ро́де (prepositional singular)
рода́х (plural prepositional)

from Old East Slavic родъ (rodŭ), from Proto-Slavic *rodъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”), whence English root. Cognates include Latvian rads, Ukrainian рід (rid) and Polish ród amongst others.


govt

en-noun

govt (countable and uncountable, plural govts)


govt.

govt. (countable and uncountable, plural govts.)


sada

sada (nominative singular)
sady (nominative plural)
sady (genitive singular)
sad (genitive plural)
sadě (dative singular)
sadám (dative plural)
sadu (accusative singular)
sady (accusative plural)
sado (singular vocative)
sady (plural vocative)
sadě (locative singular)
sadách (locative plural)
sadou (instrumental singular)
sadami (instrumental plural)