nickel

en-noun

nickel (countable and uncountable, plural nickels)

Borrowed from German Nickel, first used in a text by the Swedish mineralogist Axel F. Cronstedt as an abbreviation of Kupfernickel (“a mineral containing copper and nickel”), from Kupfer (“copper”) + Nickel (“insignificant person, goblin”), originally nickname of Nikolaus (“Nicholas”), due to the deceptive silver colour of the relatively valueless ore. Compare cobalt as related to kobolds.

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will get you on the subway

you pays your nickel and you takes your chances

you pays your nickel and you takes your choice

(US, slang, sometimes the nickel or the hot nickel) Interstate 5, a highway that runs along the west coast of the United States.


silver

silver (countable and uncountable, plural silvers)

Jamaican Creole: silva

→ Maori: hiriwa

→ Zulu: isiliva

From Middle English silver, selver, sulver, from Old English seolfor, from Proto-West Germanic *silubr, from Proto-Germanic *silubrą (“silver”), of uncertain origin.
cognates and etymology discussion
Cognate with Scots siller (“silver”), Saterland Frisian Säälwer (“silver”), West Frisian sulver (“silver”), Dutch zilver (“silver”), German Low German Silver, Sülver (“silver”), German Silber (“silver”), Swedish silver (“silver”), Icelandic silfur (“silver”). The Germanic word has parallels in Baltic and Slavic (Old Church Slavonic сьрєбро (sĭrebro), Lithuanian sidabras), Celtic (Celtiberian silaPur-), and outside Indo-European, in Basque zilar and Proto-Berber *a-ẓrəf, but the ultimate origin of the word is unknown.
Adjective sense of twenty-fifth wedding anniversary generalized from silver wedding, from German Silberhochzeit, silberne Hochzeit.

արծաթեղեն

items made of silver or other white metal

[…] maybe two or three twenties, a dozen tens, and twenty or thirty fins. The rest is all aces and silver.

1990, David F. Friedman, Don DeNevi, A Youth in Babylon: Confessions of a Trash-film King, page 136:

(collectively) Coins made from silver or any similar white metal.

(collectively) Cutlery and other eating utensils, whether silver or made from some other white metal.

(collectively) Any items made from silver or any other white metal.


silver

en-adj

silver (comparative more silver, superlative most silver)

more silver (comparative)
most silver (superlative)


gold

en-noun

gold (countable and uncountable, plural gold or golds)

From Middle English gold, from Old English gold (“gold”), from Proto-West Germanic *golþ, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Related to yellow; see there for more. Germanic cognates include Dutch goud, German Gold, Norwegian gull, Swedish guld, and cognates from other Indo-European languages include Latvian zelts, Russian зо́лото (zóloto), Persian زرد (zard, “yellow, golden”), Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya).

der

The pirates were searching for gold.

(countable or uncountable) A coin or coinage made of this material, or supposedly so.


gold

goud

anything or anyone considered to be very valuable

gold beetle

in families Chrysomelidae and Cassididae

goldfinny

Symphodus melops and Ctenolabrus rupestris


gold

en-adj

gold (not generally comparable, comparative golder, superlative goldest)

golder (comparative)
goldest (superlative)

a gold chain

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.[…]A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


gold

en-verb

gold (third-person singular simple present golds, present participle golding, simple past and past participle golded)

golds (present singular third-person)
golding (participle present)
golded (participle past)
golded (past)

I caught sight of something that seemed the nexus of all that glittered, all that golded: like a hallucination in the traffic's rotary heart, a saried creature giddily swirling her own razored rainbow roundabout, mirrored fabric sending light spinning like saberlike amidst the smoking, choking cars.

2010, Tanuja Desai Hidier, Born Confused:

You are the sun at Noon, that golds the barley, and pulls the bee to the ling on the moor.

2011, Harry Nicholson, Tom Fleck, page 250:

Worked wonders, knowing a thing like that. Golded up your hair, even, for all your record said indeterminate. Golded up the whole world, really.

But I work still, a dead, unheeding man across the endless interface: wishing I was the sun who golds the lake or the lake, comprehending sun.

2011, Robert M. Ellis, “Pokhara Lake”, in North Cape: Selected Poems of a Poet Turned Philosopher, page 21:

Hair down to my shoulders; waved and liquid-golded. Eyebrows shaved to a different shape and golded. Handle-bar mustache, waxed to points and golded.

2021, Edward Elmer Smith, The Imperial Stars:


gold

gold (nominative singular)
gold (accusative singular)
goldes (genitive singular)
golde (dative singular)

desctree

Middle English: gold
English: gold
Scots: gowd, goold

From Proto-West Germanic *golþ, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰĺ̥tom.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...Næbbe ic seolfor ne gold, ic þē dō þæt ic hæbbe...

...I have neither silver nor gold, I give thee that I have...


vermilion

en-noun

vermilion (countable and uncountable, plural vermilions)

From Middle English vermelioun, vermyloun, vermylon, vermilun, from Old French vermeillon (“vermilion”), from vermeil, from Latin vermiculus (“little worm”), from vermis (“worm”), ultimately in reference to Kermes vermilio, a type of scale insect used to make a crimson dye.

Take ſix Ounces of Brimſtone, and melt it in an Iron Ladle, then put two Pound of Quick-ſilver into a ſhammy Leather, or double Linnen Cloth, and ſqueeze it out into the melted Brimſtone, ſtirring them, in the mean Time, with a wooden Spatula till they are well united; and when they are cold, beat the Maſs into a Powder, and ſublime it in a Glaſs-veſſel, with a ſtrong Fire, and it will riſe into that Red Subſtance, which is called artificial Cinnabar or Vermilion.

1734, “VERMILION”, in The Builder's Dictionary: Or, Architect's Companion, volume II, London: Printed for A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, […] and S. Austen, […] :

Fanny was very pretty; her eyes were dark and brilliant, her teeth were like little pearls; her mouth was almost as red as Mademoiselle Caracoline’s when the latter had put on her vermilion.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 47, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

A vivid red synthetic pigment made of mercury sulfide, cinnabar.


bronze

bronze (countable and uncountable, plural bronzes)

From French bronze (1511), from Italian bronzo (13th cent.), of uncertain origin; see it for more. First use appears c. 1721 in the writings of Matthew Prior. See cite below.

unc

uncertain

She wanted to win the tournament, but had to settle for the bronze after being beaten in the semi-finals.


copper

en-noun

copper (countable and uncountable, plural coppers)

Inherited from Middle English coper, from Old English coper, copor (“copper”), from Late Latin cuprum (“copper”), contraction of Latin aes Cyprium (literally “Cyprian brass”), from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”). Cognate with Dutch koper (“copper”), German Kupfer (“copper”), Icelandic kopar (“copper”).

der

(uncountable) A reddish-brown, malleable, ductile metallic element with high electrical and thermal conductivity, symbol Cu, and atomic number 29.

I had in my pocket a handful of copper money, three or four silver dollars, and five pistoles in gold. As he proceeded I began to soften, and concluded to give the coppers.

1799, Benjamin Franklin, edited by John Bigelow, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, published 1868, page 255:

"I don't want to spoil any comparison you are going to make," said Jim, "but I was at Winchester and New College." ¶ "That will do," said Mackenzie. "I was dragged up at the workhouse school till I was twelve. Then I ran away and sold papers in the streets, and anything else that I could pick up a few coppers by—except steal.[…]."

1909, Archibald Marshall [pseudonym; Arthur Hammond Marshall], chapter II, in The Squire’s Daughter, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published 1919, →OCLC:

(countable, dated) Any of various specialized items that are made of copper, where the use of copper is either traditional or vital to the function of the item.

(countable) A copper coin, typically of a small denomination, such as a penny.

Mum would heat the water in a copper in the kitchen and transfer it to the tin bath.

I explain that socks can’t be boiled up in the copper with the sheets and towels or they shrink.

When the water in the copper boils, the arsenic and tartar, well pounded, is put into it, and kept boiling till the liquor is reduced to about half.

1797, “Dyeing”, in Colin Macfarquhar, George Gleig, editors, Encyclopædia Britannica: or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Volume 6, Part 1 p.207:

'You had better mind you don't get up too early, and you mustn't put any fire under the copper before two o'clock.'

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 6:

He rose to his knees, for he had been sitting in the darkness near the copper.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 230:

'Vot game now she play?' he asked himself, as he distinguished his wife near one of the pig-scalding coppers.

1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 254:

The wet laundry's stove had a long vent in the ceiling which helped to release the steam from the coppers in which the clothes and bed linen were boiled.

2000, Christopher Christie, The British Country House in the Eighteenth Century, page 266:

(UK, Australia, dated) A large pot, often used for heating water or washing clothes over a fire. In Australasia at least, it could also be a fixed installation made of copper, with a fire underneath and its own chimney. Generally made redundant by the advent of the washing machine.

Coppers are generally good for a year, if the battery is carefully attended […]

1885, General Rules and Regulations Applicable to All Employes of the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway Company:

Some coppers come already tinned. I didn't buy mine, so they surely were not tinned.

1890, The Manufacturer and Builder, volume 22, page 83:

Coppers are not consumed, and their life depends largely on the manner in which they are used.

1907, “Instructions for the Care of Callaud Batteries”, in Journal of the Telegraph, volume XL:


copper

en-adj

copper (comparative more copper, superlative most copper)

more copper (comparative)
most copper (superlative)


darmstadtium

/dɑːɹmˈʃtɑːtiəm/

Named after the German city Darmstadt, where it was first synthesized, + -ium.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Ds) with atomic number 110.

دَارْمْشْتَادْتِيُوم

transuranic chemical element with atomic number 110

ununnilium

used before the element was officially named


brass

en-noun

brass (usually uncountable, plural brasses)

From Middle English bras, bres, from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps representing a backformation from Proto-Germanic *brasnaz (“brazen”), from or related to *brasō (“fire, pyre”). Compare Old Norse and Icelandic bras (“solder”), Icelandic brasa (“to harden in the fire”), Swedish brasa (“a small controlled fire”), Danish brase (“to fry”); French braser ("to solder"; > English braise) from the same Germanic root. Compare also Middle Dutch braspenninc ("a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch braspenning), Old Frisian bress (“copper”), Middle Low German bras (“metal, ore”).
In the military sense an ellipsis of the brass hats.

unc

uncertain

gloss

"to solder"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">braise</i>

"a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">braspenning</i>

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

(countable, uncountable) A metallic alloy of copper and zinc used in many industrial and plumbing applications.

A memorial or sepulchral tablet usually made of brass or latten.

Fittings, utensils, or other items made of brass.

Coordinate term: bronze

(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments

духов

related to brass instruments (attributive use)

Spent shell casings (usually made of brass); the part of the cartridge left over after bullets have been fired.


iron

en-noun

iron (countable and uncountable, plural irons)

From Middle English iren, from Old English īsern, īsærn, īren, īsen, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną (“iron”), from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (“iron”), a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:iron.

(uncountable) A common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe.


zirconium

zirconium (countable and uncountable, plural zirconiums)

From a New Latin coinage, from zircon. Doublet of jargonium.

Do you like how I dance? / I've got zirconium pants / Consequential enough / To slip you into a trance

2005, Tally Hall (lyrics and music), “Ruler of Everything”, in Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum:

A chemical element (symbol Zr) with an atomic number of 40, a strong, lustrous, grey-white transition metal mainly used as a refractory and opacifier.


zirconium

la-noun

zircōnium n (genitive zircōniī); second declension

zircōnium (canonical neuter)
zircōniī (genitive)
zircōnium (nominative singular)
zircōnia (nominative plural)
zircōniī (genitive singular)
zircōniōrum (genitive plural)
zircōniō (dative singular)
zircōniīs (dative plural)
zircōnium (accusative singular)
zircōnia (accusative plural)
zircōniō (ablative singular)
zircōniīs (ablative plural)
zircōnium (singular vocative)
zircōnia (plural vocative)

[d̪͡z̪ɪrˈkoːniʊ̃ˑ]


roentgenium

From Roentgen + -ium. Named after Wilhelm Roentgen.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Rg) with atomic number 111.


scandium

A metallic chemical element, atomic number 21, obtained from some uranium ores; it is a transition element.


scandium

scandium n (genitive scandiī); second declension

scandiī (genitive)
scandium (nominative singular)
scandia (nominative plural)
scandiī (genitive singular)
scandiōrum (genitive plural)
scandiō (dative singular)
scandiīs (dative plural)
scandium (accusative singular)
scandia (accusative plural)
scandiō (ablative singular)
scandiīs (ablative plural)
scandium (singular vocative)
scandia (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kän̪d̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Coined in 1869 by chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson, derived from Scandia (“Scandinavia”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


rhenium

en-noun

rhenium (countable and uncountable, plural rheniums)

A metallic chemical element (symbol Re) with an atomic number of 75: a heavy, silvery-gray transition metal.


technetium

From Ancient Greek τεχνητός (tekhnētós, “artificial, manmade”) + -ium, because it was the first manmade element synthesized.

der

A metallic chemical element (symbol Tc) with an atomic number of 43.

ekamanganese

name given by Dmitri Mendeleev to the then undiscovered element at the position of technetium in his periodic table


technetium

la-noun

technētium n (genitive technētiī); second declension

technētium (canonical neuter)
technētiī (genitive)
technētium (nominative singular)
technētia (nominative plural)
technētiī (genitive singular)
technētiōrum (genitive plural)
technētiō (dative singular)
technētiīs (dative plural)
technētium (accusative singular)
technētia (accusative plural)
technētiō (ablative singular)
technētiīs (ablative plural)
technētium (singular vocative)
technētia (plural vocative)

[t̪ɛkʰˈneːt̪iʊ̃ˑ]


rhodium

en-noun

rhodium (usually uncountable, plural rhodiums)

Borrowed from New Latin rhodium, from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”), because of the colour of its salts' solutions.

A rare, hard, silvery-white, inert metallic chemical element (symbol Rh) with an atomic number of 45.


rhodium

la-noun

rhodium n (genitive rhodiī); second declension

rhodiī (genitive)
rhodium (nominative singular)
rhodia (nominative plural)
rhodiī (genitive singular)
rhodiōrum (genitive plural)
rhodiō (dative singular)
rhodiīs (dative plural)
rhodium (accusative singular)
rhodia (accusative plural)
rhodiō (ablative singular)
rhodiīs (ablative plural)
rhodium (singular vocative)
rhodia (plural vocative)

→ Danish: rhodium

→ Dutch: rhodium

→ English: rhodium

→ French: rhodium

→ German: Rhodium

→ Italian: rodio

→ Luxembourgish: Rhodium

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: rhodium

Norwegian Nynorsk: rhodium

→ Spanish: rodio

Modern Latin, from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).


tantalum

en-noun

tantalum (countable and uncountable, plural tantalums)

A New Latin word derived by Swedish chemist Anders Gustaf Ekeberg in 1802, from Latin Tantalus, named after Tantalus, alluding to the element's incapacity to absorb acid. See -ium.

A chemical element (symbol Ta) with atomic number 73: a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.


tantalum

la-noun

tantalum n (genitive tantalī); second declension

tantalī (genitive)
tantalum (nominative singular)
tantala (nominative plural)
tantalī (genitive singular)
tantalōrum (genitive plural)
tantalō (dative singular)
tantalīs (dative plural)
tantalum (accusative singular)
tantala (accusative plural)
tantalō (ablative singular)
tantalīs (ablative plural)
tantalum (singular vocative)
tantala (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪än̪t̪äɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]


titanium

en-noun

titanium (countable and uncountable, plural titaniums)

A chemical element, atomic number 22; it is a strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal, used to make light alloys for aircraft etc.


titanium

la-noun

tītānium n (genitive tītāniī); second declension

tītānium (canonical neuter)
tītāniī (genitive)
tītānium (nominative singular)
tītānia (nominative plural)
tītāniī (genitive singular)
tītāniōrum (genitive plural)
tītāniō (dative singular)
tītāniīs (dative plural)
tītānium (accusative singular)
tītānia (accusative plural)
tītāniō (ablative singular)
tītāniīs (ablative plural)
tītānium (singular vocative)
tītānia (plural vocative)

[t̪iːˈt̪äːniʊ̃ˑ]

Coined in 1791 by chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, derived from Tītān (“Titan”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


chromium

en-noun

chromium (countable and uncountable, plural chromiums)

From New Latin, from French chrome (from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”)) + -ium. So called because of the striking colors of its compounds.

A chemical element (symbol Cr) with an atomic number of 24: a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal.

ཚོན་ལྕགས (tshon lcags, literally “colored iron”)


chromium

la-noun

chrōmium n (genitive chrōmiī); second declension

chrōmium (canonical neuter)
chrōmiī (genitive)
chrōmium (nominative singular)
chrōmia (nominative plural)
chrōmiī (genitive singular)
chrōmiōrum (genitive plural)
chrōmiō (dative singular)
chrōmiīs (dative plural)
chrōmium (accusative singular)
chrōmia (accusative plural)
chrōmiō (ablative singular)
chrōmiīs (ablative plural)
chrōmium (singular vocative)
chrōmia (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ခရိုမီယမ် (hka.ruimiyam)

→ Chinese: 鉻／铬 (gè)

→ Cornish: cromyum

→ English: chromium

→ Greek: χρώμιο (chrómio)

→ Hindi: क्रोमियम (kromiyam)

→ Irish: cróimiam

→ Korean: 크로뮴 (keuromyum)

→ Malay: kromium

→ Maltese: kromju

→ Manx: cromium

→ Maori: koromiama

→ Portuguese: crómio, crômio

→ Scottish Gaelic: cròimiam

→ Swahili: chromi

→ Thai: โครเมียม (kroo-mîiam)

→ Urdu: کرومیم (kromiyam)

→ Welsh: cromiwm

→ Yiddish: קראָומיאַם (kroumyam)


ruthenium

en-noun

ruthenium (countable and uncountable, plural rutheniums)

A metallic chemical element (symbol Ru) with an atomic number of 44.


ruthenium

la-noun

ruthenium n (genitive rutheniī); second declension

rutheniī (genitive)
ruthenium (nominative singular)
ruthenia (nominative plural)
rutheniī (genitive singular)
rutheniōrum (genitive plural)
rutheniō (dative singular)
rutheniīs (dative plural)
ruthenium (accusative singular)
ruthenia (accusative plural)
rutheniō (ablative singular)
rutheniīs (ablative plural)
ruthenium (singular vocative)
ruthenia (plural vocative)

[rʊˈt̪ʰɛniʊ̃ˑ]


manganese

en-noun

manganese (countable and uncountable, plural manganeses)

→ Welsh: manganîs

/ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniːz/

From French manganèse, from Italian manganese, by alteration from Latin magnesia (“magnesia”), from Ancient Greek μαγνησία (magnēsía), after Μαγνησία (Magnēsía, “Magnesia”). Doublet of Magnesia, magnesia, and magnesium; more at magnet.

doublet

Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis:[…]. The evolutionary precursor of photosynthesis is still under debate, and a new study sheds light. The critical component of the photosynthetic system is the “water-oxidizing complex”, made up of manganese atoms and a calcium atom.

2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist:

(uncountable) A metallic chemical element (symbol Mn) with an atomic number of 25, not a free element in nature but often found in minerals in combination with iron, and useful in industrial alloy production.


yttrium

en-noun

yttrium (usually uncountable, plural yttriums)

From Ytterby + -ium, named after Ytterby, Sweden, the same etymological source as terbium, erbium, and ytterbium.

A silvery metallic chemical element (symbol Y) with an atomic number of 39, mainly found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals.


yttrium

la-noun

yttrium n (genitive yttriī); second declension

yttriī (genitive)
yttrium (nominative singular)
yttria (nominative plural)
yttriī (genitive singular)
yttriōrum (genitive plural)
yttriō (dative singular)
yttriīs (dative plural)
yttrium (accusative singular)
yttria (accusative plural)
yttriō (ablative singular)
yttriīs (ablative plural)
yttrium (singular vocative)
yttria (plural vocative)

[ˈʏt̪ːriʊ̃ˑ]


molybdenum

en-noun

molybdenum (countable and uncountable, plural molybdenums)

From New Latin molybdaenum, from molybdaena (“any of various substances resembling lead”), from Ancient Greek μολύβδαινα (molúbdaina, “a plummet, piece of lead”), from μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead; graphite”), from an Anatolian word cognate with Lydian 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *morkʷ-iyo-, from a root *morkʷ- (“dark”), cognate with English murk. Cf. Latin plumbum nigrum, lead. The suffix is + -um (“a chemical element”).
Attested since the last quarter of 18th century.

der

The metals at preſent amount to 21 ; only 11 of which were known before the year 1730. Their names are gold, ſilver, platinum, mercury, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, antimony, biſmuth, arſenic, cobalt, nickel, manganeſe, tungſten, molybdenum, uranium, tellurium, titanium, chromum.

1803, “Of Metals”, in George Gleig, editor, Supplement to the Third Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, 2nd edition, volume I, page 225:

Technical terms like ferrite, perlite, graphite, and hardenite were bandied to and fro, and when Paget glibly brought out such a rare exotic as ferro-molybdenum, Benson forgot that he was a master ship-builder, […]

1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 4, in Well Tackled!:

At pH levels below 5, wheat yields may be low, molybdenum may become unavailable to plants, and other trace elements may be concentrated to toxic levels.

1990, Arthur J. Conacher, “Salt of the Earth”, in Environment, volume 32, number 6, page 40:

A chemical element (symbol Mo) with an atomic number of 42: a silvery metal, not found as a free element, used in steel alloys.


meitnerium

From Meitner + -ium; named for Lise Meitner.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Mt) with atomic number 109.


vanadium

en-noun

vanadium (countable and uncountable, plural vanadiums)

Vanadis, a name of the goddess Freyja, + -ium.

panchromium

name proposed by the mineralogist Andrés Manuel del Río

rionium

name proposed by the geologist George William Featherstonhaugh

A chemical element (symbol V) with atomic number 23; it is a transition metal, used in the production of special steels.


vanadium

la-noun

vanadium n (genitive vanadiī); second declension

vanadiī (genitive)
vanadium (nominative singular)
vanadia (nominative plural)
vanadiī (genitive singular)
vanadiōrum (genitive plural)
vanadiō (dative singular)
vanadiīs (dative plural)
vanadium (accusative singular)
vanadia (accusative plural)
vanadiō (ablative singular)
vanadiīs (ablative plural)
vanadium (singular vocative)
vanadia (plural vocative)

[u̯äˈnäd̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from Old Norse Vanadis, (one of the names of Freyja, goddess of beauty) + -ium (chemical element suffix), in reference to the many beautifully colored chemical compounds it produces. The Norse name is a compound of the names Vana (from vanr (“lacking, missing”)) and Dis (from dís (“goddess”)).


seaborgium

/siːˈbɔːɹɡiəm/

From Seaborg + -ium, named for Glenn T. Seaborg.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Sg) with atomic number 106

rutherfordium

proposed by the IUPAC, but rejected, and now used for element 104


cadmium

en-noun

cadmium (countable and uncountable, plural cadmiums)

1817, from Ancient Greek Καδμεία (Kadmeía, “calamine”), a cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals, which was named after the king Κάδμος (Kádmos, “Cadmus”).

der

A chemical element (symbol Cd) with an atomic number of 48: a soft, silvery-white metal.


cadmium

la-noun

cadmium n (genitive cadmiī); second declension

cadmiī (genitive)
cadmium (nominative singular)
cadmia (nominative plural)
cadmiī (genitive singular)
cadmiōrum (genitive plural)
cadmiō (dative singular)
cadmiīs (dative plural)
cadmium (accusative singular)
cadmia (accusative plural)
cadmiō (ablative singular)
cadmiīs (ablative plural)
cadmium (singular vocative)
cadmia (plural vocative)

[ˈkäd̪miʊ̃ˑ]


lutetium

From Latin Lutetia (“Paris, the capital of France”) + -ium.

bor

A chemical element (symbol Lu) with an atomic number of 71, a silvery-white metal which resists corrosion in dry air.

lutesium

chemical element with atomic number of 71

cassiopeium

name proposed by Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach, one of the discoverers of lutetium, but rejected

lutecium

no longer used after 1949, when lutetium was made the official spelling


tungsten

en-noun

tungsten (countable and uncountable, plural tungstens)

→ Japanese: タングステン (tangusuten)

→ Malay: tungsten

→ Spanish: tungsteno

From Swedish tungsten (“scheelite”), from tung (“heavy”) + sten (“stone”).

So far they have built and used a prototype robot to make millionth-of-a-meter scratches in aluminum with a fine tungsten needle.

1990 April 7, Ivan Amato, “Getting a feel for atoms: 'magic wrist' takes scientists into a new sensory realm”, in Science News:

A rare metallic chemical element (symbol W, from Latin wolframium) with an atomic number of 74.


cobalt

cobalt (usually uncountable, plural cobalts)

From German Kobalt, formerly also Kobald, ‑olt, ‑old, ‑elt, ‑el, apparently the same word as Kobold (“goblin”), from Middle High German, which became also a Harz Mountains silver miners’ term for rock laced with arsenic and sulfur, so called because it degraded the ore and made the miners ill. Doublet of kobold.


hassium

From Latin Hassia (“Hesse”), the location of the institute where the element was first synthesized, + -ium.

An artificially-produced transuranic chemical element (symbol Hs) with atomic number 108.

hahnium

a name proposed by the IUPAC, but rejected; see also dubnium


niobium

niobium (countable and uncountable, plural niobiums)

From Niobe + -ium, because of the element's affinity with tantalum.

A chemical element (symbol Nb) with an atomic number of 41: a light grey, crystalline, ductile transition metal used in superconducting materials.


niobium

la-noun

niobium n (genitive niobiī); second declension

niobiī (genitive)
niobium (nominative singular)
niobia (nominative plural)
niobiī (genitive singular)
niobiōrum (genitive plural)
niobiō (dative singular)
niobiīs (dative plural)
niobium (accusative singular)
niobia (accusative plural)
niobiō (ablative singular)
niobiīs (ablative plural)
niobium (singular vocative)
niobia (plural vocative)


rutherfordium

/ˌɹʌðəɹˈfɔːɹdiəm/

From Rutherford + -ium, named for Ernest Rutherford.

kurchatovium

name proposed by Russian scientists, but rejected

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Rf) with an atomic number of 104.


rutherfordium

rutherfordium (nominative singular)
rutherfordia (nominative plural)
rutherfordia (genitive singular)
rutherfordií (genitive plural)
rutherfordiu (dative singular)
rutherfordiím (dative plural)
rutherfordium (accusative singular)
rutherfordia (accusative plural)
rutherfordium (singular vocative)
rutherfordia (plural vocative)
rutherfordiu (locative singular)
rutherfordiích (locative plural)
rutherfordiem (instrumental singular)
rutherfordii (instrumental plural)


rutherfordium

head

rutherfordium (genitive rutherfordiumi, partitive rutherfordiumi or rutherfordiumit)

rutherfordiumi (genitive)
rutherfordiumi (partitive)
rutherfordiumit (partitive)
rutherfordium (nominative singular)
rutherfordiumid (nominative plural)
rutherfordium (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiumid (accusative nominative plural)
rutherfordiumi (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiumid (accusative genitive plural)
rutherfordiumi (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumide (genitive plural)
rutherfordiumi (partitive singular)
rutherfordiume (partitive plural)
rutherfordiumisid (partitive plural)
rutherfordiumi (illative singular)
rutherfordiumisse (illative singular)
rutherfordiumidesse (illative plural)
rutherfordiumesse (illative plural)
rutherfordiumis (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumides (inessive plural)
rutherfordiumes (inessive plural)
rutherfordiumist (elative singular)
rutherfordiumidest (elative plural)
rutherfordiumest (elative plural)
rutherfordiumile (allative singular)
rutherfordiumidele (allative plural)
rutherfordiumele (allative plural)
rutherfordiumil (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumidel (adessive plural)
rutherfordiumel (adessive plural)
rutherfordiumilt (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumidelt (ablative plural)
rutherfordiumelt (ablative plural)
rutherfordiumiks (singular translative)
rutherfordiumideks (plural translative)
rutherfordiumeks (plural translative)
rutherfordiumini (singular terminative)
rutherfordiumideni (plural terminative)
rutherfordiumina (essive singular)
rutherfordiumidena (essive plural)
rutherfordiumita (abessive singular)
rutherfordiumideta (abessive plural)
rutherfordiumiga (comitative singular)
rutherfordiumidega (comitative plural)
rutherfordium (nominative singular)
rutherfordium (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiumi (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiumi (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumit (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumisse (illative singular)
rutherfordiumis (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumist (elative singular)
rutherfordiumile (allative singular)
rutherfordiumil (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumilt (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumiks (singular translative)
rutherfordiumini (singular terminative)
rutherfordiumina (essive singular)
rutherfordiumita (abessive singular)
rutherfordiumiga (comitative singular)


rutherfordium

rutherfordium (nominative singular)
rutherfordium (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiumin (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiumin (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumia (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumissa (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumista (elative singular)
rutherfordiumiin (illative singular)
rutherfordiumilla (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumilta (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumille (allative singular)
rutherfordiumina (essive singular)
rutherfordiumiksi (singular translative)
rutherfordiumitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
rutherfordiumini (nominative singular)
rutherfordiumini (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiumini (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiumini (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumiani (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumissani (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumistani (elative singular)
rutherfordiumiini (illative singular)
rutherfordiumillani (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumiltani (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumilleni (allative singular)
rutherfordiuminani (essive singular)
rutherfordiumikseni (singular translative)
rutherfordiumittani (abessive singular)
rutherfordiumisi (nominative singular)
rutherfordiumisi (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiumisi (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiumisi (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumiasi (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumissasi (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumistasi (elative singular)
rutherfordiumiisi (illative singular)
rutherfordiumillasi (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumiltasi (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumillesi (allative singular)
rutherfordiuminasi (essive singular)
rutherfordiumiksesi (singular translative)
rutherfordiumittasi (abessive singular)
rutherfordiumimme (nominative singular)
rutherfordiumimme (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiumimme (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiumimme (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumiamme (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumissamme (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumistamme (elative singular)
rutherfordiumiimme (illative singular)
rutherfordiumillamme (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumiltamme (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumillemme (allative singular)
rutherfordiuminamme (essive singular)
rutherfordiumiksemme (singular translative)
rutherfordiumittamme (abessive singular)
rutherfordiuminne (nominative singular)
rutherfordiuminne (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiuminne (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiuminne (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumianne (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumissanne (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumistanne (elative singular)
rutherfordiumiinne (illative singular)
rutherfordiumillanne (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumiltanne (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumillenne (allative singular)
rutherfordiuminanne (essive singular)
rutherfordiumiksenne (singular translative)
rutherfordiumittanne (abessive singular)
rutherfordiuminsa (nominative singular)
rutherfordiuminsa (accusative nominative singular)
rutherfordiuminsa (accusative genitive singular)
rutherfordiuminsa (genitive singular)
rutherfordiumiaan (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumiansa (partitive singular)
rutherfordiumissaan (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumissansa (inessive singular)
rutherfordiumistaan (elative singular)
rutherfordiumistansa (elative singular)
rutherfordiumiinsa (illative singular)
rutherfordiumillaan (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumillansa (adessive singular)
rutherfordiumiltaan (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumiltansa (ablative singular)
rutherfordiumilleen (allative singular)
rutherfordiumillensa (allative singular)
rutherfordiuminaan (essive singular)
rutherfordiuminansa (essive singular)
rutherfordiumikseen (singular translative)
rutherfordiumiksensa (singular translative)
rutherfordiumittaan (abessive singular)
rutherfordiumittansa (abessive singular)


rutherfordium

la-noun

rutherfordium n (genitive rutherfordiī); second declension

rutherfordiī (genitive)
rutherfordium (nominative singular)
rutherfordia (nominative plural)
rutherfordiī (genitive singular)
rutherfordiōrum (genitive plural)
rutherfordiō (dative singular)
rutherfordiīs (dative plural)
rutherfordium (accusative singular)
rutherfordia (accusative plural)
rutherfordiō (ablative singular)
rutherfordiīs (ablative plural)
rutherfordium (singular vocative)
rutherfordia (plural vocative)

[rʊt̪ʰɛrˈfɔrd̪iʊ̃ˑ]


rutherfordium

sk-noun

rutherfordium n (genitive singular rutherfordia, declension pattern of mesto)

rutherfordia (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)
rutherfordium (nominative singular-only)
rutherfordia (genitive singular-only)
rutherfordiu (dative singular-only)
rutherfordium (accusative singular-only)
rutherfordiu (locative singular-only)
rutherfordiom (instrumental singular-only)


rutherfordium

rutherfordium (indefinite nominative singular)


osmium

en-noun

osmium (countable and uncountable, plural osmiums)

From Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ, “smell”) (because of the strong smell of its oxide) + -ium.

A chemical element (symbol Os) with atomic number 76: a hard, brittle, heavy, bluish-white transition metal found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores.


bohrium

From Bohr + -ium, named after Niels Bohr.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bh) with an atomic number of 107.


iridium

iridium (countable and uncountable, plural iridiums)

From international scientific vocabulary, from the New Latin.

Iridium is extremely rare on the surface of the earth but much more common in meteorites.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 75:

(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol Ir) with an atomic number of 77: a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group.


hafnium

From Latin Hafnia (“Copenhagen”) + -ium.

A chemical element (symbol Hf) with an atomic number of 72: a lustrous, silvery-grey tetravalent transition metal.


zinc

zinc (countable and uncountable, plural zincs)

Borrowed from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”). Cognate with Old English tind (“tine, prong”), Middle Low German tinde, Icelandic tindur (“spike, tooth of a rake or harrow, pinnacle, peak, battlement”). See also Dutch tinne (“battlement”), German Zinne (“pinnacle, battlement”), Danish tinde (“pinnacle, battlement”), Swedish tinne (“tooth of a rake”), More at tine. Doublet of zincum.

cog

A chemical element (symbol Zn) with an atomic number of 30, a blue-silvery metal that is slightly brittle at room temperature and tarnishes slightly in moist air.


dubnium

Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Moscow Oblast
dubnium

From Dubna + -ium, named after Dubna, Moscow Oblast, Russia, the site of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, which discovered the element.

hahnium

proposed by American scientists, but rejected; still used by some Western scientists; see also hassium

nielsbohrium

proposed by Russian scientists, but rejected

unnilpentium

hahnium; dubnium; used before the element had been officially named to avoid disputes between Western and Russian scientists over and respectively

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Db) with atomic number 105.

(chemistry, obsolete) A rejected name for rutherfordium.


dubnium

Grundstoffet dubnium (105) har en halveringstid på omkring et sekund, ...

2004, Gyldendal Mini-lex. Fysik, Gyldendal Uddannelse, →ISBN, page 144:

... og det samme gør flere af datterprodukterne dubnium- 258, ...

2006, Bogen Om Grundstofferne, Gyldendal Uddannelse, →ISBN, page 224:


dubnium

Borrowed from English dubnium or Russian ду́бний (dúbnij). Named after Dubna in Russia.


dubnium

head

dubnium (genitive dubniumi, partitive dubniumi or dubniumit)

dubniumi (genitive)
dubniumi (partitive)
dubniumit (partitive)
dubnium (nominative singular)
dubniumid (nominative plural)
dubnium (accusative nominative singular)
dubniumid (accusative nominative plural)
dubniumi (accusative genitive singular)
dubniumid (accusative genitive plural)
dubniumi (genitive singular)
dubniumide (genitive plural)
dubniumi (partitive singular)
dubniume (partitive plural)
dubniumisid (partitive plural)
dubniumi (illative singular)
dubniumisse (illative singular)
dubniumidesse (illative plural)
dubniumesse (illative plural)
dubniumis (inessive singular)
dubniumides (inessive plural)
dubniumes (inessive plural)
dubniumist (elative singular)
dubniumidest (elative plural)
dubniumest (elative plural)
dubniumile (allative singular)
dubniumidele (allative plural)
dubniumele (allative plural)
dubniumil (adessive singular)
dubniumidel (adessive plural)
dubniumel (adessive plural)
dubniumilt (ablative singular)
dubniumidelt (ablative plural)
dubniumelt (ablative plural)
dubniumiks (singular translative)
dubniumideks (plural translative)
dubniumeks (plural translative)
dubniumini (singular terminative)
dubniumideni (plural terminative)
dubniumina (essive singular)
dubniumidena (essive plural)
dubniumita (abessive singular)
dubniumideta (abessive plural)
dubniumiga (comitative singular)
dubniumidega (comitative plural)
dubnium (nominative singular)
dubnium (accusative nominative singular)
dubniumi (accusative genitive singular)
dubniumi (genitive singular)
dubniumit (partitive singular)
dubniumisse (illative singular)
dubniumis (inessive singular)
dubniumist (elative singular)
dubniumile (allative singular)
dubniumil (adessive singular)
dubniumilt (ablative singular)
dubniumiks (singular translative)
dubniumini (singular terminative)
dubniumina (essive singular)
dubniumita (abessive singular)
dubniumiga (comitative singular)


dubnium

dubnium (nominative singular)
dubniumit (nominative plural)
dubnium (accusative nominative singular)
dubniumit (accusative nominative plural)
dubniumin (accusative genitive singular)
dubniumit (accusative genitive plural)
dubniumin (genitive singular)
dubniumien (genitive plural)
dubniumia (partitive singular)
dubniumeja (partitive plural)
dubniumissa (inessive singular)
dubniumeissa (inessive plural)
dubniumista (elative singular)
dubniumeista (elative plural)
dubniumiin (illative singular)
dubniumeihin (illative plural)
dubniumilla (adessive singular)
dubniumeilla (adessive plural)
dubniumilta (ablative singular)
dubniumeilta (ablative plural)
dubniumille (allative singular)
dubniumeille (allative plural)
dubniumina (essive singular)
dubniumeina (essive plural)
dubniumiksi (singular translative)
dubniumeiksi (plural translative)
dubniumitta (abessive singular)
dubniumeitta (abessive plural)
dubniumein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
dubniumini (nominative singular)
dubniumini (nominative plural)
dubniumini (accusative nominative singular)
dubniumini (accusative nominative plural)
dubniumini (accusative genitive singular)
dubniumini (accusative genitive plural)
dubniumini (genitive singular)
dubniumieni (genitive plural)
dubniumiani (partitive singular)
dubniumejani (partitive plural)
dubniumissani (inessive singular)
dubniumeissani (inessive plural)
dubniumistani (elative singular)
dubniumeistani (elative plural)
dubniumiini (illative singular)
dubniumeihini (illative plural)
dubniumillani (adessive singular)
dubniumeillani (adessive plural)
dubniumiltani (ablative singular)
dubniumeiltani (ablative plural)
dubniumilleni (allative singular)
dubniumeilleni (allative plural)
dubniuminani (essive singular)
dubniumeinani (essive plural)
dubniumikseni (singular translative)
dubniumeikseni (plural translative)
dubniumittani (abessive singular)
dubniumeittani (abessive plural)
dubniumeineni (comitative plural)
dubniumisi (nominative singular)
dubniumisi (nominative plural)
dubniumisi (accusative nominative singular)
dubniumisi (accusative nominative plural)
dubniumisi (accusative genitive singular)
dubniumisi (accusative genitive plural)
dubniumisi (genitive singular)
dubniumiesi (genitive plural)
dubniumiasi (partitive singular)
dubniumejasi (partitive plural)
dubniumissasi (inessive singular)
dubniumeissasi (inessive plural)
dubniumistasi (elative singular)
dubniumeistasi (elative plural)
dubniumiisi (illative singular)
dubniumeihisi (illative plural)
dubniumillasi (adessive singular)
dubniumeillasi (adessive plural)
dubniumiltasi (ablative singular)
dubniumeiltasi (ablative plural)
dubniumillesi (allative singular)
dubniumeillesi (allative plural)
dubniuminasi (essive singular)
dubniumeinasi (essive plural)
dubniumiksesi (singular translative)
dubniumeiksesi (plural translative)
dubniumittasi (abessive singular)
dubniumeittasi (abessive plural)
dubniumeinesi (comitative plural)
dubniumimme (nominative singular)
dubniumimme (nominative plural)
dubniumimme (accusative nominative singular)
dubniumimme (accusative nominative plural)
dubniumimme (accusative genitive singular)
dubniumimme (accusative genitive plural)
dubniumimme (genitive singular)
dubniumiemme (genitive plural)
dubniumiamme (partitive singular)
dubniumejamme (partitive plural)
dubniumissamme (inessive singular)
dubniumeissamme (inessive plural)
dubniumistamme (elative singular)
dubniumeistamme (elative plural)
dubniumiimme (illative singular)
dubniumeihimme (illative plural)
dubniumillamme (adessive singular)
dubniumeillamme (adessive plural)
dubniumiltamme (ablative singular)
dubniumeiltamme (ablative plural)
dubniumillemme (allative singular)
dubniumeillemme (allative plural)
dubniuminamme (essive singular)
dubniumeinamme (essive plural)
dubniumiksemme (singular translative)
dubniumeiksemme (plural translative)
dubniumittamme (abessive singular)
dubniumeittamme (abessive plural)
dubniumeinemme (comitative plural)
dubniuminne (nominative singular)
dubniuminne (nominative plural)
dubniuminne (accusative nominative singular)
dubniuminne (accusative nominative plural)
dubniuminne (accusative genitive singular)
dubniuminne (accusative genitive plural)
dubniuminne (genitive singular)
dubniumienne (genitive plural)
dubniumianne (partitive singular)
dubniumejanne (partitive plural)
dubniumissanne (inessive singular)
dubniumeissanne (inessive plural)
dubniumistanne (elative singular)
dubniumeistanne (elative plural)
dubniumiinne (illative singular)
dubniumeihinne (illative plural)
dubniumillanne (adessive singular)
dubniumeillanne (adessive plural)
dubniumiltanne (ablative singular)
dubniumeiltanne (ablative plural)
dubniumillenne (allative singular)
dubniumeillenne (allative plural)
dubniuminanne (essive singular)
dubniumeinanne (essive plural)
dubniumiksenne (singular translative)
dubniumeiksenne (plural translative)
dubniumittanne (abessive singular)
dubniumeittanne (abessive plural)
dubniumeinenne (comitative plural)
dubniuminsa (nominative singular)
dubniuminsa (nominative plural)
dubniuminsa (accusative nominative singular)
dubniuminsa (accusative nominative plural)
dubniuminsa (accusative genitive singular)
dubniuminsa (accusative genitive plural)
dubniuminsa (genitive singular)
dubniumiensa (genitive plural)
dubniumiaan (partitive singular)
dubniumiansa (partitive singular)
dubniumejaan (partitive plural)
dubniumejansa (partitive plural)
dubniumissaan (inessive singular)
dubniumissansa (inessive singular)
dubniumeissaan (inessive plural)
dubniumeissansa (inessive plural)
dubniumistaan (elative singular)
dubniumistansa (elative singular)
dubniumeistaan (elative plural)
dubniumeistansa (elative plural)
dubniumiinsa (illative singular)
dubniumeihinsa (illative plural)
dubniumillaan (adessive singular)
dubniumillansa (adessive singular)
dubniumeillaan (adessive plural)
dubniumeillansa (adessive plural)
dubniumiltaan (ablative singular)
dubniumiltansa (ablative singular)
dubniumeiltaan (ablative plural)
dubniumeiltansa (ablative plural)
dubniumilleen (allative singular)
dubniumillensa (allative singular)
dubniumeilleen (allative plural)
dubniumeillensa (allative plural)
dubniuminaan (essive singular)
dubniuminansa (essive singular)
dubniumeinaan (essive plural)
dubniumeinansa (essive plural)
dubniumikseen (singular translative)
dubniumiksensa (singular translative)
dubniumeikseen (plural translative)
dubniumeiksensa (plural translative)
dubniumittaan (abessive singular)
dubniumittansa (abessive singular)
dubniumeittaan (abessive plural)
dubniumeittansa (abessive plural)
dubniumeineen (comitative plural)
dubniumeinensa (comitative plural)


dubnium

dubnium (usually uncountable, plural dubniumok)

dubniumok (plural)
dubnium (nominative singular)
dubniumok (nominative plural)
dubniumot (accusative singular)
dubniumokat (accusative plural)
dubniumnak (dative singular)
dubniumoknak (dative plural)
dubniummal (instrumental singular)
dubniumokkal (instrumental plural)
dubniumért (causal-final singular)
dubniumokért (causal-final plural)
dubniummá (singular translative)
dubniumokká (plural translative)
dubniumig (singular terminative)
dubniumokig (plural terminative)
dubniumként (essive-formal singular)
dubniumokként (essive-formal plural)
dubniumban (inessive singular)
dubniumokban (inessive plural)
dubniumon (singular superessive)
dubniumokon (plural superessive)
dubniumnál (adessive singular)
dubniumoknál (adessive plural)
dubniumba (illative singular)
dubniumokba (illative plural)
dubniumra (singular sublative)
dubniumokra (plural sublative)
dubniumhoz (allative singular)
dubniumokhoz (allative plural)
dubniumból (elative singular)
dubniumokból (elative plural)
dubniumról (delative singular)
dubniumokról (delative plural)
dubniumtól (ablative singular)
dubniumoktól (ablative plural)
dubniumé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
dubniumoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
dubniuméi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
dubniumokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
dubniumom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
dubniumaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
dubniumod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
dubniumaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
dubniuma (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
dubniumai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
dubniumunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
dubniumaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
dubniumotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
dubniumaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
dubniumuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
dubniumaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


dubnium

la-noun

dubnium n (genitive dubniī); second declension

dubniī (genitive)
dubnium (nominative singular)
dubnia (nominative plural)
dubniī (genitive singular)
dubniōrum (genitive plural)
dubniō (dative singular)
dubniīs (dative plural)
dubnium (accusative singular)
dubnia (accusative plural)
dubniō (ablative singular)
dubniīs (ablative plural)
dubnium (singular vocative)
dubnia (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪ʊbniʊ̃ˑ]


dubnium

sk-noun

dubnium n (genitive singular dubnia, declension pattern of mesto)

dubnia (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)
dubnium (nominative singular-only)
dubnia (genitive singular-only)
dubniu (dative singular-only)
dubnium (accusative singular-only)
dubniu (locative singular-only)
dubniom (instrumental singular-only)


dubnium

dubnium (indefinite nominative singular)


mercury

en-noun

mercury (countable and uncountable, plural mercuries)

шти̑р (but this more often means purple amaranth)

štȋr (but this more often means purple amaranth)

A silvery-colored, toxic, metallic chemical element, liquid at room temperature, with atomic number 80 and symbol Hg.


palladium

palladium (countable and uncountable, plural palladiums)

The element was named after Pallas, an asteroid that had been discovered two years before the element.

A chemical element (symbol Pd) with an atomic number of 46: a rare, lustrous silvery-white metal.


palladium

la-noun

palladium n (genitive palladiī); second declension

palladiī (genitive)
palladium (nominative singular)
palladia (nominative plural)
palladiī (genitive singular)
palladiōrum (genitive plural)
palladiō (dative singular)
palladiīs (dative plural)
palladium (accusative singular)
palladia (accusative plural)
palladiō (ablative singular)
palladiīs (ablative plural)
palladium (singular vocative)
palladia (plural vocative)

[pälˈlʲäd̪iʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek παλλάδιον (palládion), neuter of παλλάδιος (palládios), Παλλάς (Pallás, “of Pallas”). See Pallas.

palladium, one of perhaps several statues of Athena, as in the Iliad and Aeneid, believed to safeguard Troy, and later, various Italian cities


金

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (金):
* → Japanese: 金(きん) (kin)
* → Korean: 금(金) (geum), 김(金) (gim)
* → Vietnamese: kim (金)

→ Bouyei: jiml (“gold”)

→ Lao: ຄຳ (kham, “gold”)

→ Thai: คำ (kam, “gold”)

→ Zhuang: gim (“gold”)

→ Tagalog: ginto (“gold”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯm): semantic 士 (“upside-down ritual axe perhaps made of precious materials”) + semantic 丷 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. The semantic component in folk etymology is very often misinterpreted as 王. The minerals, originally drawn as : and then as 丷, are sometimes indicated as 呂, however the latter is the pictogram of two vertebrae.
The upper component 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm) and it represents an open mouth flipped upside down; it indicates the original pronunciation of the whole character.
Shuowen interprets it as an image of metal in the earth (Xu Shen writes "象金在土中形") with 亼 as phonetic. But the most ancient versions do not contain the pictogram of the earth.
Originally referred to copper, first used during the Copper Age and the Jade Age in China (hence before the Bronze Age, during which the first bronzes were produced); later the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha ᰀᰩᰮ (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] → “metals in general” → “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
Some of the Manchu people with this surname are descendants of the Qing imperial family and is a calque of Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) in their original surname ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro).

defdate

prior to 5th <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>

𠊍
𨤾
⿳仺𭕄一
𠈘
𠉓
𨥀
𨥄
⿱丿⿴囗⿱二水

one of the eight kinds of instruments (八音 (-))

metal, one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行 (-))


金

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">금</i> (Yale: kùm)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">쇠〮</i> (Yale: swóy)

Hanja form of 금 (“gold; amount of money”). [noun]

금요일(金曜日) 금요일#Korean

Hanja form of 금 (“Short for 금요일(金曜日) (geumyoil, “Friday”).”).


金

ko-hanja

金 (eumhun 사람의 성(姓) 김 (saram-ui seong gim))

Most likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

lang-lite

성씨 김(金)의 한자음 연원을 찾아서

성씨 김(金)의 한자음 연원을 찾아서

Hanja form of 김 (“a surname; used in placenames”).


金

ghim (canonical)
câm (canonical)
găm (canonical)


laurite

After Laura R. Joy, wife of American chemist C. A. Joy. Named in 1866.

(mineralogy) A rare sulphide of osmium and ruthenium found with platinum in Borneo and Oregon, with the chemical formula RuS₂.


argentine

en-noun

argentine (countable and uncountable, plural argentines)

From Middle English argentyne, borrowed from Old French argentin (“silvery”), from Latin argentum (“silver”), equivalent to argent + -ine.


amalgam

amalgam (countable and uncountable, plural amalgams)

From Medieval Latin amalgama (“mercury alloy”), from Arabic اَلْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam, “emollient poultice or unguent for sores”), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma, “emollient; malleable material”), from μαλάσσω (malássō, “to soften”), from μαλακός (malakós, “soft”). Doublet of malagma. For the verb, compare French amalgamer.

der

(metallurgy) An alloy containing mercury.

(dentistry) An alloy of mercury used to fill tooth cavities.


mercurial

en-adj

mercurial (comparative more mercurial, superlative most mercurial)

more mercurial (comparative)
most mercurial (superlative)

/məːˈkjʊə.ɹɪ.əl/

Noun sense 1 (“(obsolete) plant known as mercury”) is from Middle English mercurial, from Anglo-Norman mercurial and Old French mercurial, or directly from their etymon, from Mercurius (“the Roman god Mercury”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns).
Later adjective and noun uses may have been directly derived from Latin mercuriālis, whence Middle English mercurial (“under the astrological influence of the planet Mercury”).

ref

From the collection of the Wellcome Library in London, England, UK.

cog

Near-synonym: Hermesian

I know the ſhape of's Legge: this is his Hand: / His Foote Mercuriall: his martiall Thigh / The brawnes of Hercules: but his Iouiall face— / Murther in heaven?

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 390, column 1:

[Benjamin] Franklin, the mechanic of his own fortune, [...] tendering, from the self-created nation, to the mightiest monarchs of Europe, the olive-branch of peace, the mercurial wand of commerce, and the amulet of protection and safety to the man of peace on the pathless ocean from the inexorable cruelty and merciless rapacity of war; [...]

1843 February 8, John Quincey Adams, “Presentation of Washington’s Sword and Franklin’s Staff”, in [Francis Preston] Blair, [John C.] Rives, editors, The Congressional Globe: […] (United States House of Representatives, 27th Congress, 3rd session), volume XII, number 16, Washington, D.C.: Published by Blair and Rives; […], published 10 February 1843, →OCLC, pages 254–255:

(not comparable, Roman mythology) Pertaining to Mercury, the Roman god of, among other things, commerce, financial gain, communication, and thieves and trickery; hence (comparable), money-making; crafty.

Mercurial

pertaining to the Roman god Mercury or planet Mercury


koper

koperek (diminutive)
koper (nominative singular)
kopru (genitive singular)
koprowi (dative singular)
koper (accusative singular)
koprem (instrumental singular)
koprze (locative singular)
koprze (singular vocative)


whitesmith

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-whitesmith.wav

A person who forges things out of tin or pewter; a tinsmith.


silversmith

Inherited from Middle English silver smyth, from Old English seolforsmiþ (“silversmith”), from Proto-Germanic *silubrasmiþaz (“silversmith”), equivalent to silver + smith. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Säälwersmid (“silversmith”), West Frisian sulversmid (“silversmith”), Dutch zilversmid (“silversmith”), German Low German Sülversmitt (“silversmith”), German Silberschmied (“silversmith”), Danish sølvsmed (“silversmith”), Norwegian Bokmål sølvsmed (“silversmith”), Norwegian Nynorsk sølvsmed (“silversmith”), sylvsmed (“silversmith”), Swedish silversmed (“silversmith”), Icelandic silfursmiður (“silversmith”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English argentarie (“silversmith”) from Latin (faber) argentārius (“dealer in silver, silversmith”).

noncog

A person who makes articles out of silver usually larger than jewellery.


coppersmith

More noises came from a dusty tree, where brown birds creaked and floundered about looking for insects; another bird, the invisible coppersmith, had started his ‘ponk ponk’.

1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 104:

A South Asian barbet, Psilopogon haemacephala, with crimson forehead and throat, best known for its metronomic call that has been likened to a coppersmith striking metal with a hammer.


goldsmith

From Middle English goldsmith, from Old English goldsmiþ (“goldsmith”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþasmiþaz (“goldsmith”), equivalent to gold + smith. Cognate with Scots goldsmyth, gouldsmeth (“goldsmith”), Saterland Frisian Gouldsmid (“goldsmith”), West Frisian goudsmid (“goldsmith”), Dutch goudsmid (“goldsmith”), German Goldschmied (“goldsmith”), Danish guldsmed (“goldsmith”), Swedish guldsmed (“goldsmith”), Icelandic gullsmiður (“goldsmith”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English orbatour, orbatur (“goldsmith”) and orfever, orfevre (“goldsmith”), both borrowed from Old French.

cog

(obsolete) A banker (because the goldsmiths of London used to receive money on deposit, being equipped to keep it safely).


rust

en-noun

rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)

From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).
Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.

ҡыҙғылт көрән

qıźğılt körən

front-runner-itis runs: rust: myrtle rust

The rust on my bicycle chain made cycling to work very dangerous.

The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation.


rust

English: rust

From Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).


blacksmith

From black (color of forged iron) + smith (related to smite)..

compound

The blacksmith may forge what Religion he pleases.

1640, I. H. [i.e., James Howell], ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]. Dodona’s Grove, or, The Vocall Forrest, London: […] T[homas] B[adger] for H. Mosley [i.e., Humphrey Moseley] […], →OCLC:

Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out.[…]. Ikey the blacksmith had forged us a spearhead after a sketch from a picture of a Greek warrior; and a rake-handle served as a shaft.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:


đồng

→ Cantonese: 盾 (teon⁵)

→ English: dong

→ Japanese: ドン (don)

→ Korean: 동 (dong)

→ Mandarin: 盾 (dùn)

→ Russian: донг (dong)


steel

en-noun

steel (countable and uncountable, plural steels)

From Middle English stele, stel, from Old English stīele, from Proto-West Germanic *stahlī (“something made of steel”), enlargement of *stahl (“steel”), from Proto-Germanic *stahlą, from *stah- or *stag- (“to be firm, rigid”), from Proto-Indo-European *stak- (“to stay, to be firm”). Compare Scots stele, Yola stehli.

der

One of them having occasion to use a Steele, smoothing Iron, or some such kinde of Laundry Instrument.

1638, J. Taylor, Bull, Beare, & Horse, C5:

(countable) Any item made of this metal, particularly including:


złoty

pl-adj

złoty (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej złoty or (rare) złotszy, superlative najbardziej złoty or (rare) najzłotszy, no derived adverb)

bardziej złoty (comparative)
złotszy (comparative rare)
najbardziej złoty (superlative)
najzłotszy (rare superlative)
złoty (masculine nominative singular)
złota (feminine nominative singular)
złote (neuter nominative singular)
złoci (nominative plural virile)
złote (nominative plural)
złotego (genitive masculine singular)
złotej (feminine genitive singular)
złotego (genitive neuter singular)
złotych (genitive plural)
złotych (genitive plural virile)
złotemu (dative masculine singular)
złotej (dative feminine singular)
złotemu (dative neuter singular)
złotym (dative plural)
złotym (dative plural virile)
złotego (accusative animate masculine singular)
złoty (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
złotą (accusative feminine singular)
złote (accusative neuter singular)
złotych (accusative plural virile)
złote (accusative plural)
złotym (instrumental masculine singular)
złotą (feminine instrumental singular)
złotym (instrumental neuter singular)
złotymi (instrumental plural)
złotymi (instrumental plural virile)
złotym (locative masculine singular)
złotej (feminine locative singular)
złotym (locative neuter singular)
złotych (locative plural)
złotych (locative plural virile)

Inherited from Old Polish złoty. Compare Silesian złoty. Doublet of chlor, zielony, and żółty. In currency sense, compare Dutch gulden.


kulta

kulta (nominative singular)
kullat (nominative plural)
kullan (genitive singular)
kultiin (genitive plural)
kultaa (partitive singular)
kultia (partitive plural)
kultaa (illative singular)
kultii (illative plural)
kullaas (inessive singular)
kulliis (inessive plural)
kullast (elative singular)
kullist (elative plural)
kullalle (allative singular)
kullille (allative plural)
kullaal (adessive singular)
kulliil (adessive plural)
kullalt (ablative singular)
kullilt (ablative plural)
kullaks (singular translative)
kulliks (plural translative)
kultanna (essive singular)
kultaan (essive singular)
kultinna (essive plural)
kultiin (essive plural)
kultant (exessive singular)
kultint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kulta. Cognates include Finnish kulta and Estonian kuld.


rauta

rauta (nominative singular)
ravvat (nominative plural)
ravvan (genitive singular)
rautoin (genitive plural)
rautaa (partitive singular)
rautoja (partitive plural)
rautaa (illative singular)
rautoi (illative plural)
ravvaas (inessive singular)
ravvois (inessive plural)
ravvast (elative singular)
ravvoist (elative plural)
ravvalle (allative singular)
ravvoille (allative plural)
ravvaal (adessive singular)
ravvoil (adessive plural)
ravvalt (ablative singular)
ravvoilt (ablative plural)
ravvaks (singular translative)
ravvoiks (plural translative)
rautanna (essive singular)
rautaan (essive singular)
rautoinna (essive plural)
rautoin (essive plural)
rautant (exessive singular)
rautoint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *rauta. Cognates include Finnish rauta and Estonian raud.

sappaan rauta


ذهب

ar-noun

ذَهَب • (ḏahab) m

Maltese: deheb

Gulf Arabic: ذَهَب (ḏəhəb)

Hijazi Arabic: ذَهَب (dahab)

South Levantine Arabic: ذَهَب (dáhab)

→ Afar: daháb

→ Azerbaijani: zəhəb

→ Persian: ذهب (zahab)

→ Somali: dahab

→ Swahili: dhahabu
→ Kikuyu: thahabu


rusty

en-adj

rusty (comparative rustier, superlative rustiest)

rustier (comparative)
rustiest (superlative)

From Middle English rusty, from Old English rūstiġ (“rusty”), from Proto-Germanic *rustagaz (“rusty”), equivalent to rust + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian rusterch (“rusty”), West Frisian rustich, roastich (“rusty”), Dutch roestig (“rusty”), German Low German rusterig, rüsterig (“rusty”), German rostig (“rusty”), Swedish rostig (“rusty”).

better than a poke in the eye with a rusty nail

Before the match, Hodgson had expressed the hope that his players would be fresh rather than rusty after an 18-day break from league commitments because of two successive postponements.

2010 December 29, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 Wolverhampton”, in BBC:

Lacking recent experience, out of practice, especially with respect to a skill or activity.

занемарен

lacking recent experience, out of practice


ferro-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ferro-.wav

Coordinate term: ferri-

(chemistry) ferrous:
Iron (the metal).
Iron of oxidation number 2.


wrought iron

Wrought iron is essentially iron that has been worked so that its carbon content is radically reduced. For the purposes of rail bridge-building in the 19th century, this proved revolutionary, and highly advantageous over the dangerously brittle properties of cast iron.

2021 March 24, Dr. Joseph Brennan, “Metallic marvels from rail's Iron Age”, in RAIL, number 927, page 57:

A tough, malleable, ductile form of iron that is forged rather than cast, suitable for welding.


ferrum

en-noun

ferrum (countable and uncountable, plural ferrums)

(homeopathy) Any of various remedies made from iron-containing compounds.


ferrum

la-noun

ferrum n (genitive ferrī); second declension

ferrī (genitive)
ferrum (nominative singular)
ferra (nominative plural)
ferrī (genitive singular)
ferrōrum (genitive plural)
ferrō (dative singular)
ferrīs (dative plural)
ferrum (accusative singular)
ferra (accusative plural)
ferrō (ablative singular)
ferrīs (ablative plural)
ferrum (singular vocative)
ferra (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: her, heru, hjeru

Istro-Romanian: fľer

Megleno-Romanian: ier, ieru

Romanian: fier, fer — regional

Dalmatian:

fiar

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ferru, farru

Italian: ferro

→? Sabir: ferro

Neapolitan: fierro

Tarantino: fierro

Sicilian: ferru

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fèr

Ligurian: færo

Lombard: fèr

Piedmontese: fer

Romagnol: fër

Friulian: fiêr

Istriot: fièro

Ladin: fer

Romansch: fier

Venetan: fero

Gallo-Romance:

desc

Franco-Provençal: fèr, fèrro, fa, far, farou, fè, fê

desctree

Old French: fer
Middle French: fer
French: fer (see there for further descendants)
Norman: fé (France, Jersey), faer (Guernsey), fer (Sark)
Walloon: fier

Occitano-Romance:

Gascon: hèr

Occitan: fèrre, ferri, fèr

Old Catalan: ferr, ferre, ferro

Catalan: ferro

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: fierro

Aragonese: fierro

Ribagorçan: ferri

Old Leonese: fierru

desc

Asturian: fierro, fierru, ḥierru, ḥierro

Extremaduran: hierru

Leonese: fierru

Mirandese: fierro

Old Galician-Portuguese: ferro

Fala: ferru

Galician: ferro

Portuguese: ferro (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Old Spanish: fierro
Ladino: fierro
Spanish: fierro, hierro
Papiamentu: heru

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: ferru (most dialects), erru (most Nuorese varieties)

Borrowings:

→ English: ferrum

→ Malay: ferum

→ Translingual: Fe

From earlier *ferzom, from a substrate loanword from an unknown source. According to de Vaan, possibly from a Phoenician dialect, 𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋 (brzl /barzel/, “iron”), akin to Aramaic פַּרְזְלָא, ܦܪܙܠܐ (parzəlā, “iron”), Akkadian 𒀭𒁇 (parzillum, “iron”), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎗𐎏𐎍 (brḏl, “iron”), considered of Anatolian origin. The word could have entered Latin through Etruscan.

unk

unknown

cog

Aramaic פַּרְזְלָא


philosopher's stone

en-noun

philosopher's stone (countable and uncountable, plural philosopher's stones)

Misconstruction of philosophers' stone, from Middle English philosophres ston, a calque of Latin lapis philosophōrum.

[…] I entered with the greatest diligence into the search of the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter I, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 54:

1997, Christopher McIntosh, The Rosicrucians: The History, Mythology, and Rituals of an Esoteric Order, Weiser Books, 3rd Revised Edition, 1998, Paperback, page 51,
The Rosicrucianism of the Andreae era was only partly concerned with alchemy, but later revivals of the Rosicrucian idea were to lay great stress on their claims to possess the secrets of transmutation and the knowledge of the Philosopher's Stone or the Elixir of Life.

The Cleopatra of this early alchemical dialogue is not the famous Cleopatra VII (69-30 BC), last queen of the Ptolemy dynasty and lover of Mark Antony. Along with Mary Prophetess and Zosimos's Theosebia, this Cleopatra occupies a high place in alchemical lore as one of very few ancient female adepts who possessed the secret of the philosopher's stone.

2003, Stanton J. Linden, The Alchemy Reader: From Hermes Trismegistus to Isaac Newton, Cambridge University Press, page 44:

(alchemy, uncountable) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.

sorcerer's stone

putative substance able to turn base metals into gold


cast iron

cast iron (countable and uncountable, plural cast irons)

Derived from the casting of this form of iron. See wrought iron for comparison.

Cast iron is popular for cookware where an even heating temperature is important.

A hard and brittle, but strong, alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon, formed by casting in a mould.

չուգուն

hard, brittle alloy of iron, carbon, silicon


cast iron

en-adj

cast iron (comparative more cast iron, superlative most cast iron)

more cast iron (comparative)
most cast iron (superlative)

I use a cast iron skillet for frying pancakes.

Various forms of conductors have been invented, such as wooden and iron pipes, of a round, square, and polygonal section; but at present, scarcely any other than sheet or cast iron pipes are employed.

1851, Frederick Overman, “Blast Pipes”, in The Manufacture of Iron, in All its Various Branches. […] , 2nd edition, Philadelphia: Henry C. Baird, page 413:

The old black cast iron skillet is an important part of the batterie de cuisine.

1979 May 20, Ernest Gueymard, “Louisiana's Creole-Acadian Cuisine”, in Renaud S. Albert, editor, A Franco-American Overview, volume 1, →ISBN, page 295:

Three small gelignite bombs, with pocket watch timing devices, were concealed in packets small enough to fit through the slot of the standard cast-iron post box, the cylindrical bright red colored boxes so common throughout London.

2008, Steven P. Moysey, The Road to Balcombe Street: The IRA Reign of Terror in London, Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth Press, →ISBN, page 58:

Ernest has a cast iron constitution and never gets sick.

Just because a pilot passes a pretty severe medical test every so often, it doesn't mean that he has a Cast Iron constitution and can fly indefinitely.

1932 January 20, Charles W. Purcell, “Stop Telling the Pilot What to Do”, in Popular Aviation, volume 10, number 1, →ISSN, page 62:

The school's cast iron policy on admissions fees left no leeway for needy students.

As far as her own theories are concerned, she is limitlessly credulous, to a degree which makes me suspect that she is a cast-iron idiot.

2016 March 19, Rod Liddle, “What makes the white working class angry? Twits like Hsiao-Hung Pai”, in The Spectator:


quicksilver

From Middle English quyk silver, quyksilver, quikselver, from Old English cwicseolfor (“quicksilver”, literally “living silver”) (see Latin argentum vivum) from its ability to move. See quick in the sense of "living". Cognate with Dutch kwikzilver, German Low German Quicksülver, German Quecksilber, Danish kviksølv, Norwegian Bokmål kvikksølv, Swedish kvicksilver. By surface analysis, quick (“living”) + silver.

surf

Summer is not the most auspicious season for theater in New York. Aside from a few certifiable Broadway hits, it is, in fact, a rather quicksilver commodity.

1978 August 19, Kevin Warren, “A Flawless Production”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 5, page 15:

The idea of a merchant selling both totems of pure evil and frozen yogurt (he calls it frogurt!) is amusing in itself, as is the idea that frogurt could be cursed, but it’s really the Shopkeeper’s quicksilver shift from ominous doomsaying to chipper salesmanship that sells the sequence.

2012 April 29, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Treehouse of Horror III” (season 4, episode 5; originally aired 10/29/1992)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Unpredictable, erratic or fickle; mercurial.


argentum

la-noun

argentum n (genitive argentī); second declension

argentī (genitive)
argentum (nominative singular)
argenta (nominative plural)
argentī (genitive singular)
argentōrum (genitive plural)
argentō (dative singular)
argentīs (dative plural)
argentum (accusative singular)
argenta (accusative plural)
argentō (ablative singular)
argentīs (ablative plural)
argentum (singular vocative)
argenta (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: arzint, răzint

Romanian: argint

→ Albanian: argjend (see there for further descendants)

Dalmatian:

arziant

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: argentu

Gallurese: algentu

Italian: argento, ariento (obsolete)

Sicilian: arjentu, argentu

North Italian:

Ligurian: argénto

Lombard: arsgent, arzent

Piedmontese: argent

Friulian: arint

Romagnol: arẓént

Romansch: argient, argien (Sursilvan)

Venetan: arxento

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: argent m (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

desctree

Old Occitan: argent m
>? Catalan: argent m
Occitan: argent m
→ Old Spanish: argent m

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: archent

Old Galician-Portuguese: arento

Old Spanish: ariento

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: arghentu (Logudorese), argentu (Campidanese)

Sicilian: arjentu (now dated)

Borrowings:

→ Galician: arxento

→ Malay: argentum

→ Portuguese: argento

→ Spanish: argento

[ärˈɡɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *argentom n, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm n.

Tacitus Germania, chapter 5 (translation M. Hutton).
Argentum et aurum propitiine an irati di negaverint dubito.
The gods have denied them gold and silver, whether in mercy or wrath I find it hard to say.


cacoxenite

From Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”) + ξένος (xénos, “guest”) because the phosphorous content of cacoxenite lessens the quality of iron smelted from ore containing it.

(inorganic chemistry, mineralogy) A soft phosphate of iron occurring in yellowish clumps: hydrated iron aluminum phosphate oxide: (Fe,Al)₂₅(PO₄)₁₇O₆(OH)₁₂·17H₂O.


azoth

From Andalusian Arabic الزُّوق (az-zūq), from Arabic الزَّاوُوق (az-zāwūq, “quicksilver”).

der

(alchemy) The first principle of metals, that is, mercury, which was formerly supposed to exist in all metals, and to be extractable from them.


lapis

lapis (nominative singular)
lapisu (genitive singular)
lapisowi (dative singular)
lapis (accusative singular)
lapisem (instrumental singular)
lapisie (locative singular)
lapisie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin lapis (īnfernālis); compare Russian ля́пис (ljápis).

lbor

(informal) silver nitrate (silver salt of nitric acid, AgNO3)


electrum

en-noun

electrum (countable and uncountable, plural electrums)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-electrum.wav

From Latin electrum, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron).


placer

(slang) One who deals in stolen goods; a fence.


eureka

From Ancient Greek εὕρηκα (heúrēka, “I have found”), perfect active indicative first singular of εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find”). Archimedes supposedly exclaimed this when he figured out how to determine the density of an object. First use appears c. 1603 in a text by Philemon Holland.

der

Synonym of constantan (“copper-nickel alloy”)


auric

(inorganic chemistry) Of or pertaining to trivalent gold.


cupric

Ultimately from Latin cuprum (“copper”). See -ic.

(inorganic chemistry) Containing copper with an oxidation number of 2

rameico

containing copper with an oxidation number of 2


ferric

en-adj

ferric (comparative more ferric, superlative most ferric)

more ferric (comparative)
most ferric (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ferric.wav

From Latin ferricus, from ferrum (“iron”).

(chemistry) Of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 3

fèrric

chemistry: of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 3


assay

From Middle English assay (noun) and assayen (verb), from Anglo-Norman assai (noun) and Anglo-Norman assaier (verb), from Old French essai. Doublet of essay.

The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.


gilder

From Middle English gilder (“gilder; goldsmith”) [and other forms], from gilden (“to cover with gilding, gild; to decorate with gold”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to flourish; green, yellow”)) + -er, -ere (suffix forming agent nouns, especially the names of persons engaged in professions or trades); analysable as gild + -er.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-gilder.wav

A lady ſhould, indeed, ſtudie her face, when wee thinke ſhee ſleepes: nor, when the dores are ſhut, ſhould men bee inquiring, all is ſacred within, then. [...] you ſee guilders will not worke, but inclos'd. They muſt not diſcouer, how little ſerues, with the helpe of art, to adorne a great deale.

1609 December (first performance), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Epicoene, or The Silent Woman. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 532:

The leather gilders lay a Couch of water and whites of eggs on the leather, before they apply the leaf gold or ſilver.

1735, [John Barrow], “COUCH”, in Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. […], volume I (A–H), London: […] C[harles] Hitch and C[harles] Davis […], and S[amuel] Austen […], →OCLC:

Gilding in oil, or oily ſize, is uſed for domes, roofs of churches, ſtatues that are to ſtand in the weather, &c. For this purpoſe the Engliſh gilders generally adopt a gold ſize, made of yellow oker ground fine with water, and dried on a chalk ſtone, then ground up with a proper quantity of drying oil, to give it the ſtiffneſs required.

1767, Thomas Mortimer, “GILDER”, in A New and Complete Dictionary of Trade and Commerce: […], volume II, London: Printed for the author; and sold by S. Crowder, […]; and J. Coote, […]; and J. Fletcher, […], →OCLC, column 2:

He was a painter and gilder. [...] Now could the poor gilder no longer get paid by his employers.

1810 January, “O.” [pseudonym], “Remarkable Benevolence”, in The Christian’s Magazine: Designed to Promote the Knowledge and Influence of Evangelical Truth and Order, volume III, number I, New York, N.Y.: Published by Williams and Whiting, […]; J. Seymour, printer, →OCLC, page 29:

A carriage, for example, was formerly the product of the labour of a great number of independent artificers, such as wheelwrights, harness-makers, tailors, locksmiths, upholsterers, turners, fringe-makers, glaziers, painters, polishers, gilders, &c. [...] [I]f a number of carriages are being made simultaneously, some may be in the hands of the gilders while others are going through an earlier process.

1887, Karl Marx, “Division of Labour and Manufacture”, in Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, transl., edited by Frederick [i.e., Friedrich] Engels, Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production: Translated from the Third German Edition, volume I, London: Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey, & Co., […], →OCLC, part IV (Production of Relative Surplus-value), section 1 (Twofold Origin of Manufacture), page 327:

Charles Shaw was born in Tunstall, in the Potteries, in 1832, the son of a skilled painter and gilder in the pottery trade who lost this well-paid job through victimization after a strike.

1974, “An Old Potter”, in John Burnett, editor, Useful Toil: Autobiographies of Working People from the 1820s to the 1920s, London: Allen Lane, →ISBN; republished London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 1994, →ISBN, part III (Skilled Workers), page 303:

On the Costa, a street full of gilders, carpenters, carvers, and stucco experts, their status as Inglesi—bourgeois as well as fine artists—set them apart.

1996, Carolyn Burke, “Anglo-Florence (1907–10)”, in Becoming Modern: The Life of Mina Loy, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, part II (Becoming Mina Loy), page 117:

Indeed, economic resource, previously assigned to physical ornamentation, the gold of the gilder, is here plowed into the control right down to the last half-millimeter.

2014, Francesca Hughes, “Error and Surface: Counted Away: Indexicality and the Sublimation of Ornament: (Hermine) Wittgenstein’s Radiator”, in The Architecture of Error: Matter, Measure, and the Misadventures of Precision, Cambridge, Mass., London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 235:

One who gilds; especially one whose occupation is to overlay things with gold.


gilt

en-noun

gilt (usually uncountable, plural gilts)

Formed in English from the verb gild (“to cover in gold”). Compare gold and German Geld.

позлата

gold or other metal in a thin layer; gilding

(uncountable) Gold or other metal in a thin layer; gilding.

(uncountable, by extension) Gold-colored paint or other coating.


zircon

zircon (countable and uncountable, plural zircons)

From German Zirkon, possibly via French zircon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of jargoon.

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […]. (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 20, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(uncountable) A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or grey colour and consisting of silica and zirconia.


chlorination

chlorination (countable and uncountable, plural chlorinations)

(chemistry) The act or process of chlorinating something; especially, the addition of chlorine to water to purify it, and a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas.


torr

Clipping of Torricelli; named after Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), who discovered the principle of the barometer.

named-after

millimeter of mercury

not exactly synonyms, but practically equal

(metrology) A unit of pressure that is equal to approximately 0.001316 atmospheres or 133.3 pascals.


zaffre

en-noun

zaffre (countable and uncountable, plural zaffres)

From Italian zaffera, from Latin sapphirus (“sapphire”). Doublet of sapphire.

zaffre:

A cobalt blue colour, like that of the pigment.


cobalt blue

cobalt blue (countable and uncountable, plural cobalt blues)

cobalt blue:

A deep blue pigment derived from cobalt; zaffre.


pas

head

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

pası (accusative definite)
paslar (plural)
pas (nominative singular)
paslar (nominative plural)
pası (accusative definite singular)
pasları (accusative definite plural)
pasa (dative singular)
paslara (dative plural)
pasta (locative singular)
paslarda (locative plural)
pastan (ablative singular)
paslardan (ablative plural)
pasın (genitive singular)
pasların (genitive plural)
pasım (first-person nominative singular)
paslarım (first-person nominative singular)
pasın (nominative second-person singular)
pasların (nominative second-person singular)
pası (nominative singular third-person)
pasları (nominative singular third-person)
pasımız (first-person nominative plural)
paslarımız (first-person nominative plural)
pasınız (nominative plural second-person)
paslarınız (nominative plural second-person)
pasları (nominative plural third-person)
pasımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
paslarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
pasını (accusative definite second-person singular)
paslarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
pasını (accusative definite singular third-person)
paslarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
pasımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
paslarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
pasınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
paslarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
paslarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
pasıma (dative first-person singular)
paslarıma (dative first-person singular)
pasına (dative second-person singular)
paslarına (dative second-person singular)
pasına (dative singular third-person)
paslarına (dative singular third-person)
pasımıza (dative first-person plural)
paslarımıza (dative first-person plural)
pasınıza (dative plural second-person)
paslarınıza (dative plural second-person)
paslarına (dative plural third-person)
pasımda (first-person locative singular)
paslarımda (first-person locative singular)
pasında (locative second-person singular)
paslarında (locative second-person singular)
pasında (locative singular third-person)
paslarında (locative singular third-person)
pasımızda (first-person locative plural)
paslarımızda (first-person locative plural)
pasınızda (locative plural second-person)
paslarınızda (locative plural second-person)
paslarında (locative plural third-person)
pasımdan (ablative first-person singular)
paslarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
pasından (ablative second-person singular)
paslarından (ablative second-person singular)
pasından (ablative singular third-person)
paslarından (ablative singular third-person)
pasımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
paslarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
pasınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
paslarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
paslarından (ablative plural third-person)
pasımın (first-person genitive singular)
paslarımın (first-person genitive singular)
pasının (genitive second-person singular)
paslarının (genitive second-person singular)
pasının (genitive singular third-person)
paslarının (genitive singular third-person)
pasımızın (first-person genitive plural)
paslarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
pasınızın (genitive plural second-person)
paslarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
paslarının (genitive plural third-person)
pasım (first-person singular)
paslarım (first-person singular)
passın (second-person singular)
paslarsın (second-person singular)
pas (singular third-person)
pastır (singular third-person)
paslar (singular third-person)
paslardır (singular third-person)
pasız (first-person plural)
paslarız (first-person plural)
passınız (plural second-person)
paslarsınız (plural second-person)
paslar (plural third-person)
paslardır (plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پاس (“rust”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bas (“residue”).


pas

pası (accusative definite)
paslar (plural)

Borrowed from English pass or from French passe.

(sports) pass (The act of moving the ball or puck from one player to another.)


pas

(card games) A phrase indicating that the player is declining to play their turn; I pass


argent

en-noun

argent (countable and uncountable, plural argents)

From Middle English argent, from Old French argent m (“silver”), from Latin argentum n (“white money, silver”).


Rumpelstiltskin

Tom Tit Tot

from English Fairy Tales, collected & edited by Joseph Jacobs, 1884

A fairy tale about a dwarf who saves the miller’s daughter by spinning straw into gold in exchange for her first-born child, but is foiled when she guesses his name.


irony

en-noun

irony (countable and uncountable, plural ironies)

First attested in 1502. From Middle French ironie, from Old French, from Latin īrōnīa, from Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía, “irony, pretext”), from εἴρων (eírōn, “one who feigns ignorance”).

ironi

statement that may mean the opposite of what is written literally

Irony, saying what it ne'er intends,
Censures with praise, and speaks to foes as friends.

[1835, L[arret] Langley, A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric, […], Doncaster: Printed by C. White, Baxter-Gate, →OCLC, page 11:

(rhetoric) The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.

Dramatic irony: a theatrical effect in which the meaning of a situation, or some incongruity in the plot, is understood by the audience, but not by the characters in the play.

Socratic irony: ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.

(informal) Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected.


irony

en-adj

irony (comparative more irony, superlative most irony)

more irony (comparative)
most irony (superlative)

From Middle English hyrony, yreny, yrony, yrunny, equivalent to iron + -y.

The food had an irony taste to it.

The scrap yard had bins marked for irony aluminum, such as aluminum engine blocks not wholly cleaned of bolts, studs, brackets, and so on.

Thus in Cornwall, and many parts of Germany and France, in mineral districts, an irony appearance of a vein, where seen at the crop, is regarded as favourable.

1860, William Somerville Orr, The Circle of the Sciences, page 269:

E. W. Baker, Main St. - No odor, good appearance, slight irony taste; pressure weak. But water which had stood in wash pitcher some three or four days showed pronounced odor.

1916, Report, volume 24, New Hampshire. State Department of Health, page 256:

There can be no doubt that persistent biking robs the female limb of its graceful contour and substitutes therefore the rugged protrusive muscles, the ungainly and irony look of the masculine leg.

1919, William Cowper Brann, The Complete Works of Brann, the Iconoclast, volume 11, page 41:

It [overgrazing] eventually causes a particularly hard irony surface to the soil which is perfectly unmistakable once you have seen it , and also certain weeds which are also unmistakable once you have seen them.

1927, “Minutes of Evidence Taken Before the Royal Commission on Agriculture”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Great Britain. Royal Commission on Agriculture in India, page 210:

Raspberries raw, stewing, jamming, pulping, take over my house during July, overlaying the richer, more irony smell of the blackcurrant – a contralto to a soprano.

2012, Jenny Joseph, Led By The Nose: A Garden of Smells:

There was nothing left, besides just the pile of files on my desk, and the irony look on Catherine's face.


hydrargyrum

/haɪˈdɹɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒɪɹəm/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hydrargyrum.wav

Hydrargyrum, Quick-ſilver, a Mineral, of a ſtrange piercing Quality, ſo as to eat thro' Gold, Silver, &c.

1706, Edward Phillips, compiler, J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Hydrargyrum”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], →OCLC, column 2:

‘There is a channel in the spine of her blade, and in it runs a river of hydrargyrum—a metal heavier than iron, though it flows like water.’

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter XIV, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 129:

hydrargyron

with a pseudo-Greek -on case ending, suggesting a noble gas

(chemistry, medicine) Mercury (chemical element)

hidrargo

cognate translations of hydrargyrum — otherwise see mercury

hydrargyral = hydrargyrate = hydrargyric = hydrargyrous

hydrargyria = hydrargyriasis = hydrargyrism = hydrargyrosis = hydrargysm


hydrargyrum

la-noun

hydrargyrum n (genitive hydrargyrī); second declension

hydrargyrī (genitive)
hydrargyrum (nominative singular)
hydrargyra (nominative plural)
hydrargyrī (genitive singular)
hydrargyrōrum (genitive plural)
hydrargyrō (dative singular)
hydrargyrīs (dative plural)
hydrargyrum (accusative singular)
hydrargyra (accusative plural)
hydrargyrō (ablative singular)
hydrargyrīs (ablative plural)
hydrargyrum (singular vocative)
hydrargyra (plural vocative)

Translingual: Hg

English: hydrargyrum

French: hydrargyre

desc

гидра́ргирум

Russian: гидра́ргирум (gidrárgirum)

An alteration of the Classical Latin hydrargyrus (“quicksilver (artificially prepared)”), by analogy with the names of other metals, such as aurum (“gold”) and argentum (“silver”).

cog

[hʏˈd̪rärɡʏrʊ̃ˑ]


Iron Age

/ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/

From iron + age, in the mythological sense a calque of Latin saecula ferrea, aetas ferrea; in the archaeological sense a calque of Danish jernalder.

(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100 BC)


silver plate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-silver plate.wav

A thin layer of silver applied to the surface of an object made of another metal.


silver plate

en-verb

silver plate (third-person singular simple present silver plates, present participle silver plating, simple past and past participle silver plated)

silver plates (present singular third-person)
silver plating (participle present)
silver plated (participle past)
silver plated (past)


silver plate

From "silver plate", from the similarity of this phrase to the French s'il vous plaît.

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(humorous) Pronunciation spelling of s'il vous plaît.


copper phthalocyanine

(organic chemistry) A synthetic chemical used as a colorant in paints and dyes. First used in 1929. In pure form it is an intense blue. It is chlorinated to produce very intense dark green, and brominated and chlorinated copper phthalocyanines are mixed to produce a yellower emerald green.


ferro

Inherited from Old Catalan ferro~ferre~ferr, from Latin ferrum.

(golf) iron (a golf club used for middle-distance shots)


golden

en-adj

golden (comparative more golden or goldener, superlative most golden or goldenest)

more golden (comparative)
goldener (comparative)
most golden (superlative)
goldenest (superlative)

From Middle English golden, a restored form (due to the noun gold) of earlier Middle English gulden, gylden, gilden ("golden"; > English gilden), from Old English gylden (“golden”), from Proto-West Germanic *gulþīn, from Proto-Germanic *gulþīnaz (“golden, made of gold”), equivalent to gold + -en.
Cognate with Dutch gouden, gulden (“golden”), German gülden, golden (“golden”), Danish gylden (“golden”). Doublet of gilden. More at gold.

gloss

"golden"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">gilden</i>

der

[ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩]

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

She wore a golden crown.

And now the concern which Partridge felt at being obliged to quit the warm chimney-corner, and a cup of excellent liquor, was somewhat compensated by hearing that he was to proceed no farther on foot, for Jones, by golden arguments, had prevailed with the boy to attend him back to the inn whither he had before conducted Sophia […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:


azo-

(inorganic chemistry) Containing aluminum-doped zinc oxide.


mercaptan

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mercaptan.wav

Borrowed from German Mercaptan, from Danish mercaptan; coined by organic chemist William Christopher Zeise in 1832 from mer(curius) (“mercury”) + captan(s) (“capturing”), because the thiolate group bonds very strongly with mercury compounds.

af

Though this might come as a surprise, gas actually has no odor; gas companies are obligated to odorize it to make it safer for use in homes.
Mercaptan, a harmless chemical, is added to create the distinct smell in both natural gas (methane) and liquid petroleum gas (propane, butane).

2022 April 25, AlfredCamera, “Spotting Gas Leak Symptoms and Staying Safe”, in Home Security Expert:

(chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds of sulphur, ( R₁.S.R₂ ); they tend to be foul-smelling. When R₂ is a hydrogen atom, they are termed thiols or thioalcohols.


Britannia metal

An alloy of tin with copper and antimony, somewhat like pewter.