spur

en-verb

spur (third-person singular simple present spurs, present participle spurring, simple past and past participle spurred)

spurs (present singular third-person)
spurring (participle present)
spurred (participle past)
spurred (past)

Draw, archers, draw your arrows to the head! Spur your proud horses hard, and ride in blood; Amaze the welkin with your broken staves!

c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], line 339:

(transitive) To prod (especially a horse) on the side or flank, with the intent to urge motion or haste, to gig.

My desire / (More sharp than filed steel) did spur me forth...

c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], line 4:

But the latest Santa Fe development, while not spurring the Rock Island to any further acceleration, has drawn fire from a totally unexpected quarter.

1940 May, “Overseas Railways: Acceleration Proceeds in U.S.A.”, in Railway Magazine, page 298:

What is unbearable, in fact, is the feeling, 13 years after 9/11, that America has been chasing its tail; that, in some whack-a-mole horror show, the quashing of a jihadi enclave here only spurs the sprouting of another there; that the ideology of Al Qaeda is still reverberating through a blocked Arab world whose Sunni-Shia balance (insofar as that went) was upended by the American invasion of Iraq.

2014 November 17, Roger Cohen, “The horror! The horror! The trauma of ISIS [print version: International New York Times, 18 November 2014, p. 9]”, in The New York Times:

(transitive) To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of an object

побужда́ть

к чему́-либо


spur

The track of an animal, such as an otter; a spoor.


boxing glove

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-boxing glove.wav

(boxing, clothing) A padded mitten, designed to protect the hand while punching, and worn in boxing.


כפפת איגרוף

he-noun

כִּפְפַת אִגְרוּף

כפפות איגרוף

כִּפְפוֹת אִגְרוּף

כפפת איגרוף / כִּפְפַת אִגְרוּף • (kiffát igrúf) f (plural indefinite כפפות איגרוף / כִּפְפוֹת אִגְרוּף)

כִּפְפַת אִגְרוּף (canonical)
kiffát igrúf (romanization)
כפפות איגרוף (indefinite plural)
כִּפְפוֹת אִגְרוּף (indefinite plural)

From כְּפָפָה (kfafá) + איגרוף /אִגְרוּף (igrúf).

af

איגרוף//אִגְרוּף

boxing glove
boxing glove#English:_Q895679


lipstick

en-noun

lipstick (usually uncountable, plural lipsticks)

→ Dutch: lipstick

→ Bengali: লিপস্টিক (liposṭik)

→ Hindi: लिपस्टिक (lipasṭik)

→ Japanese: リップスティック (rippusutikku)

→ Korean: 립스틱 (ripseutik)

→ Lao: ລິບສະຕິກ (lip sa tik)

→ Malay: lipstik

→ Thai: ลิปสติก (líp-sà-dtìk)

Are you wearing any lipstick today?

In fact, I just saw the movie Shirley Valentine (for the umpteenth time!), and couldn't even look at the adult Marjorie Majors without seeing Patsy and her boofed up hair and red lipstick and long cigarette holder.

2003 August 31, TammyM, “Re: OT: Penis Casino; free Viagra!”, in alt.support.stop-smoking (Usenet):

I'd like three lipsticks in this shade.

She darkens up her eyebrows with it and then runs a tube of pink lipstick over her mouth. She immediately wipes it off with the palm of her hand. She should have black lipstick. A true ninja woman would wear black lipstick.

2021 December 27, Linda MorningStar, Destiny's Wavering Road, Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN, page 164:

Joya was what they called a Lipstick Lesbian. Without wandering too far through the minefield that gay culture can be for the moderately indoctrinated, let stand the observation that this thriving local fauna (The Lipsticks, that is) struck some observers as representing a step up (or forward) in the social evolution of female homosexuality.

2006, Stephen Siciliano, The Sidewalk Smokers Club, page 82:

lipstick lesbian
lipstick lesbian#English

(countable, slang) Short for lipstick lesbian.


lipstick

nl-noun

lipstick m (plural lipsticks, diminutive lipstickje n)

lipsticks (plural)
lipstickje (diminutive neuter)


yarmulke

Borrowed from Yiddish יאַרמלקע (yarmlke), from Polish jarmułka (“skullcap”).

And I always feel uncomfortable during the High Holy Days watching people in yarmulkes rushing through the streets, knowing they’ll be swaying and moaning something ancient and indecipherable, even to me.

1991 October 1, Richard Goldstein, “The New Anti-Semitism: A Geshrei”, in Village Voice, page 33:

But once Dr. Levenson, who works for the Indian Health Service and wears a colorful tapestry yarmulke, has alerted the tiny network, it almost seems as if we have stepped into Yiddishland.

2007 April 29, Patricia Cohen, “The Frozen Dozen”, in New York Times:

(Judaism) A skullcap worn by religious Jewish males (especially during prayer).


scarf

→ Irish: scairf, scaif

→ Welsh: sgarff

Probably from Old Northern French escarpe (compare Old French escharpe (“pilgrim's purse suspended from the neck”), which see). The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of scrip.


garment

From Middle English garment, garement, garnement, from Old French garnement, guarnement, from garnir (“to garnish, adorn, fortify”), from Frankish. More at garnish.

This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking.[…]Indeed, all his features were in large mold, like the man himself, as though he had come from a day when skin garments made the proper garb of men.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:


garment

en-verb

garment (third-person singular simple present garments, present participle garmenting, simple past and past participle garmented)

garments (present singular third-person)
garmenting (participle present)
garmented (participle past)
garmented (past)


νεφρίτης

head

νεφρίτης • (nefrítis) m (plural νεφρίτες)

nefrítis (romanization)
νεφρίτες (plural)
νεφρίτης (nominative singular)
νεφρίτες (nominative plural)
νεφρίτη (genitive singular)
νεφριτών (genitive plural)
νεφρίτη (accusative singular)
νεφρίτες (accusative plural)
νεφρίτη (singular vocative)
νεφρίτες (plural vocative)


wader

(chiefly in the plural) A waterproof boot that comes up to the hip, used by fishermen, etc.

A long-legged bird associated with wetland or coastal environments.


mascara

en-noun

mascara (countable and uncountable, plural mascaras)

/ˌmæsˈkɑːɹə/

apply mascara

put on mascara

mascara runs

mascara smudges

With her rouged cheeks, silver lipcoat and mascara she might have been any girl after an hour at her mother's dressing table.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 157:

There were a lot of young girls, in their early-twenties she guessed, many of them either Gothed up in thick black mascara and black lip stick, others looking like stereotypical Beat Girls in black rollnecks and jeans.

2007, James Burr, Ugly Stories for Beautiful People, page 45:

A cosmetic used to darken and thicken the eyelashes.


mascara

nl-noun

mascara f or m (plural mascara's, diminutive mascaraatje n)

mascara's (plural)
mascaraatje (diminutive neuter)


mosca

it-noun

mosca f (plural mosche, diminutive moschétta or moschìna or moschìno m or moschettìna, augmentative (uncommon) moscóna, pejorative moscàccia)

mosche (plural)
moschétta (diminutive)
moschìna (diminutive)
moschìno (diminutive masculine)
moschettìna (diminutive)
moscóna (augmentative uncommon)
moscàccia (pejorative)

From Latin musca, from a Proto-Indo-European root *mus-, *mu-, *mew-. Compare Spanish mosca.

(by extension, figurative):
(historical, cosmetics) beauty spot


garb

en-noun

garb (countable and uncountable, plural garbs)

From Middle French garbe ("graceful outline, silhouette"; > Modern French galbe), from Italian garbo (“grace, elegance”), from Germanic (compare Old High German garwi, garawi (“dress, equipment, preparation”), Middle High German gerwe (“outfitting, jewelry, clothing, robe, regalia”), modern German Gärbe, Gerbe and English gear), ultimately from Frankish *garwijan (“to prepare”), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”).

gl

"graceful outline, silhouette"; > Modern French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">galbe</i>


clout

English: clout

Scots: clout, cloot

From Old English clūt, from Proto-West Germanic *klūt, from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz. Compare cloud.

Cloth for wrapping babies; swaddling clothes.


Scotch bonnet

Of the pepper, mushroom, and snail, from the resemblance to the Scottish tam o'shanter.


ease

From Middle English ese, eise, aise, from Anglo-Norman ese (“ease”), from Old French eise, aise (“elbow room; opportunity”), of uncertain and obscure origin. Apparently related to Provençal ais, Italian agio and asio, Sicilian aciu and Portuguese azo. Sometimes ascribed to Vulgar Latin *āsia or *āsium, possibly from Latin ānsa (“handle, haft”) or Frankish *ansiju (“handle, loophole, eyelet; cup-handle; arms akimbo, elbow room”), but more often derived from Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns (“adjacent, neighbouring”), present participle of adjaceō (“lie next to, border on”), though the forms and senses are difficult to trace clearly.
Alternatively, possibly from a non-Latin source such as Germanic or Celtic on the basis of the conflicting forms which appear in various Romance languages. May be inherited from an unattested Old English *ǣse, which along with Frankish *ansiju would be inherited from Proto-Germanic *ansijō. Compare Old English īeþe (“easy”), Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌴𐍄𐌹 (azēti, “ease; pleasure”), *𐌰𐌶𐌴𐍄𐍃 (*azēts, “easy”), Breton eaz, ez (“easy”), Irish adhais (“easy; leisure”). See also eath.
The verb is from Middle English esen, ultimately of the same origin.

Add some ease to the waist measurement.

Relief, an end to discomfort, particularly:

(clothing) Additional space provided to allow greater movement.


stocking

→ Scottish Gaelic: stocainn

From stock (“cover with material”) + -ing. Corruption of old plural -en, i.e. stocken, now singular.

a pair of stockings

(footwear) A soft garment, usually knit or woven, worn on the foot and lower leg under shoes or other footwear.

çorape

garment (for translations of "sock", see sock)


hogar

(historical) a piercing; a hole made in the body so that jewelry can be worn through it


geta

Because of August he wears shorts and sandals, the Japanese geta sort called thongs.

1963 March 16, Hal Porter, “Little old lady passing by”, in The Bulletin, page 22, column 3:

The Japanese geta or wooden sandal is a superb, though little-utilized, tool for training in the martial arts.[…]The geta are flat, wooden sandals raised on vertical slats.

1982 July, Robert Dillon, “Geta As A Karate Training Tool”, in Black Belt, page 70:

A Japanese raised wooden clog, worn with traditional Japanese garments such as the kimono.


下駄

English: geta

Korean: 게다 (geda)

Korean: 겨다 (gyeoda)

A surface analysis suggests a Japanese coinage of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 下 (ge, “lower; under”) + 駄 (ta, “loading; carrying; footwear”).
Historical usage suggests a shift from older term 足駄 (ashida, “clogs”, later, referring more specifically to “tall clogs” in contrast to the “short clogs” referenced by the term geta), itself deriving from 足 (ashi, “foot”) + 板 (ita, “board”) from the even older practice of wearing flat pieces of wood on one's feet when working in the paddies to keep from sinking into the mud, similar in principle to snowshoes. This latter footwear persisted in use into the 20th century as 田下駄 (ta-geta, literally “paddy geta”).
The historical derivation indicates that the 駄 character's “footwear” sense, which is specific to Japanese and is not found in Chinese sources, could have arisen from phonetic ateji (当て字) usage in the terms ashida and geta.

鼻緒

the thong that passes between the first and second toe of the wearer

足袋: traditional sock with a split between the first and second toe to allow for the 鼻緒

草履

traditional straw sandal without a heel strap, similar to flip-flops

草鞋

traditional straw sandal with a heel strap

geta: a kind of wooden clog with at least one, more commonly two, stilts or “teeth”

the geta symbol, 〓 (Unicode value 3013): a typographic mark indicating unavailability of a glyph, such as when a character cannot be displayed on a computer; so called for the similarity to a geta clog footprint

(go) a stone placed not adjacent to the opponent's stone, but in such a way as to block the opponent's formation from escaping


col

nl-noun

col m (plural cols, diminutive colletje n)

cols (plural)
colletje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French col (“collar”), from Latin collum (“neck”).

(informal, chiefly Belgium) (clothing) collar


col

→ Hausa: kwal

Inherited from Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of cou.


corduroys

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-corduroys.wav


vest

From French veste (“a vest, jacket”), from Latin vestis (“a garment, gown, robe, vestment, clothing, vesture”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéstis, from *wes- (“to be dressed”) (English wear). Cognate with Sanskrit वस्त्र (vastra) and Spanish vestir.

der

Not seldom, clad in radiant vest / Deceitfully goes forth the morn.

1800, William Wordsworth, [unnamed poem] (classified under Inscriptions)


vest

nl-noun

vest n (plural vesten, diminutive vestje n)

vesten (plural)
vestje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French veste, from Italian veste, from Latin vestis.


vest

head

vest m (definite singular vesten, indefinite plural vester, definite plural vestene)

vesten (definite singular)
vester (indefinite plural)
vestene (definite plural)

From Latin vestis, via French [Term?] and Italian [Term?].


vest

vest m (definite singular vesten, indefinite plural vestar, definite plural vestane)

vesten (definite singular)
vestar (indefinite plural)
vestane (definite plural)

From Latin vestis, via French and Italian.


headscarf

en-noun

headscarf (plural headscarves or headscarfs)

headscarves (plural)
headscarfs (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-headscarf.wav

As far as only the Quran itself is concerned, wearing a headscarf is neither required nor prohibited.

But as Ms. Eran adjusted her resplendent costume, two young women wearing traditional headscarfs walked across the plaza nearby.

1998 October 29, Stephen Kinzer, “Safranbolu Journal; The Alarming Scarf and Other Turkish Worries”, in The New York Times:

The headscarf is a perfect tool to block the nonmoderns from participating in the class privileges that the modern state represents.

2012, Hilal Elver, The Headscarf Controversy: Secularism and Freedom of Religion, page 52:

By the early 1980s, Gucci was overlicensed, with its logo on every product imaginable from headscarves to key rings to lighters.

2015, Ashok Som, Christian Blanckaert, The Road To Luxury:

A more or less square piece of material worn over the head, typically by women, often to protect the hair, or for religious reasons.


vêtement

Inherited from Old French vestement, from Latin vestīmentum.


item of clothing

item of clothing (plural items of clothing)


wrap

wrap (countable and uncountable, plural wraps)

From Middle English wrappe, from the verb (see above).

A loose piece of women's clothing that one wraps around the body; a shawl or scarf.


close helmet

A close helmet entirely covers the head, face, and neck, having on the front perforations for the admission of air, and slits through which the wearer may see objects around him, this part which is stiled the visor lifts up by means of a pivot over each ear.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 7:

(historical) A helmet that entirely covers the head, including the face.


visor

From Middle English viser, from Anglo-Norman viser and Old French visiere.

A part of a helmet, arranged so as to lift or open, and so show the face. The openings for seeing and breathing are generally in it.

The fore piece of a cap, projecting over, and protecting the eyes.

A rigid adjustable flap on an automobile windshield that can shield the eyes of a driver from direct sunlight or glare.


bascinet

Via Middle English basynet (attested since the early 1300s), from Anglo-Norman bacynet, bacinet (“little basin”), diminutive of bacin, bassin (“basin, helmet”), but compare bassinet.

A light helmet, typically with a high, pointed skull, either open-faced (in early models) or made with a visor (later models).


sallet

From Middle French salade, from Spanish celada, thought to be from Latin caelāta (“ornamentally engraved (helmet)”) (although the Latin word is not attested in this sense).

uder

At Hampton Court, sallets for archers on horseback, sallets with grates, and old sallets with vizards: At Windsor, salettes and skulls: At Calais, saletts with vysars and bevers, and salets with bevers.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 11:

Ursula wore that day a hauberk under her gown, and was helmed with a sallet; and because of her armour she rode upon a little horse.

1896, William Morris, chapter 29, in The Well at the World's End, volume II, London, New York, and Bombay: Longmans, Green, and Co., book IV, page 258:

(historical) A type of light spherical combat helmet used in the 15th century.


aketon

From Middle English aketon, from Old French aqueton, auqueton, alqueton, from Old Spanish alcoton (modern algodón), from Arabic الْقُطْن (al-quṭn), definite of قُطْن (quṭn, “cotton”). Doublet of cotton.

The aketon, gambeson, vambasium, and jack were military vestments, calculated for the defence of the body, differing little from each other, except in their names, their materials and construction were nearly the same, the authorities quoted in the notes, shew they were all composed of many folds of linen, stuffed with cotton, wool or hair, quilted, and commonly covered with leather, made of buck or doe skin.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 15:

(historical) A stuffed jacket worn under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail.


aketon

desc

English: aketon, acton, hacqueton, haqueton, haketon

From Old French aqueton, alqueton, auqueton, from Old Spanish alcoton (modern algodón), from Arabic الْقُطْن (al-quṭn), definite of قُطْن (quṭn, “cotton”). Compare coton.

A jacket worn on top of armour as adornment.


corselet

From French corselet, from cors, an archaic spelling of corps (“body”).

A type of women's underwear, combining a bra and a girdle in one garment; a corselette.


codpiece

From cod (“bag, pouch, scrotum”) + piece.

, Act III, Scene III, line 130.
Borachio: Seest thou not, I say, what a deformed thief this fashion is, how giddily ’a turns about all the hot-bloods between fourteen and five-and-thirty, sometimes fashioning them like Pharaoh’s soldiers in the reechy painting, sometime like god Bel’s priests in the old church-window, sometime like the shaven Hercules in the smirch’d worm-eaten tapestry, where his codpiece seems as massy as his club?

Once Francis lifts her hand. She pulls back, half-resisting, and for one moment it seems he intends to lay her little fingers upon his unspeakable codpiece.

2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, Fourth Estate, published 2010, page 408:

A part of male dress in the 15th and 16th centuries, worn in front of the breeches to cover the male genitals.


wig

Clipping of periwig, itself an alteration of French perruque. The meaning of "to reprimand" perhaps came from this being something a bigwig would do or perhaps from the expressions to flip one's wig, wigs on the green, or dash my wig!

A head of real or synthetic hair worn on the head to disguise baldness, for cultural or religious reasons, for fashion, or by actors to help them better resemble the character they are portraying.

שייטל

specifically the sheitel worn by married Orthodox Jewish women


pala

Borrowed from Latin pāla (“shovel, bezel”). Doublet of pá.

bor+

(clothing) yoke (of a shirt, dress or pants)


zoot suit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-zoot suit.wav

Zoot may be a Caló slang pronunciation of suit, thus making the term a tautology and reduplication.

Meronym: pegged pants

Dexter Gordon was an idol around Central Avenue. He was tall. He wore a wide-brimmed hat that made him seem like he was about seven feet tall. He had a stoop to his walk and wore long zoot suits, and he carried his tenor in a sack under his arm.

2003 December 18, Terry Castle, London Review of Books:

An outfit featuring a suit with broad shoulders, a long coat, and baggy trousers that taper to a tight fit at the ankles.


gusset

From Middle English gusset, gysset, from Old French gosset, gousset (“the hollow of the armpit”).

A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement cf. godet.


polo shirt

/ˈpəʊləʊ ˌʃɜːt/

From polo + shirt; so called because they were initially modeled on the type of shirt worn from the 1920s by polo players.

[…] the necessity for yet another place at which to buy a polo shirt or a pair of flip-flops may not be apparent to the town's residents […]

2004 August 30, The New Yorker, page 38:

A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).


cargo shorts

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cargo shorts.wav

The service makes available, during limited weekend hours, a handful of the company's items – cargo shorts, tank tops, and the like – to the Hamptons house guest who discovers that he can't make it to Monday without purchasing one of those weird madras patchwork blazers

Casual short trousers with pockets, originally designed for outdoor activities.


tank top

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tank top.wav

The upper part of a tank suit worn by female swimmers in modester times when swimming pools were called swimming tanks.

The service makes available, during limited weekend hours, a handful of the company's items – cargo shorts, tank tops, and the like – to the Hamptons house guest who discovers that he can't make it to Monday without purchasing one of those weird madras patchwork blazers.

An item of casual clothing: a top with no sleeves.


baldrick

And the bright green belt on his body he bore, oblique, like a baldrick, bound at his side below his left shoulder, laced in a knot...

1400?, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, line 2485.

That a woman conceiv'd me, I thank her; that she brought me up, I likewise give her most humble thanks; but that I will have a rechate winded in my forehead, or hang my bugle in an invisible baldrick, all women shall pardon me.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 238:

And from his blazoned baldrick slung, a mighty silver bugle hung...

1800?, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Lady Of Shalott, part III, verse 2

The sword was carried in a belt of buff or other leather girded round the body, or thrown over the right shoulder, these shoulder belts were called baudricks.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 33:


calash

(historical) Alternative form of calèche (“type of carriage with low wheels”)

Mrs. Lobb, an elderly lady, in a green calash, from the sign of the ‘Fan’, in Dyot-street, St. Giles's, was announced by Kit Finney, the mason's son, as wishing to see Mr. Nollekens.

1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson, published 1986, page 242:

(now historical) A silk and whalebone hood worn by ladies to shade the face.


pump

en-verb

pump (third-person singular simple present pumps, present participle pumping, simple past and past participle pumped)

pumps (present singular third-person)
pumping (participle present)
pumped (participle past)
pumped (past)

⇒ Czech: pumpovat

→ Thai: ปั๊ม (bpám)

From Middle English pumpe, possibly from Middle Dutch pompe (“pipe, water conduit”) or Middle Low German pumpe (“pump”), probably ultimately imitative.
Compare Dutch pompen, German pumpen, and Danish pompe; also Spanish bomba (“pump”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

The underlying cause of the warming is human activities pumping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, scientists say. But the reasons why marine heating is speeding up now are far from clear.

2023 August 7, Clive Cookson, “Missing ice and bleached coral: the sudden warming of the oceans”, in Financial Times:

(transitive) To inject or pour (something) into someone or something in a manner similar to a pump.

The waves were really pumping this morning.

Last night's party was really pumping.

(US, intransitive, slang) Of music: to be loud, to have strong bass and rhythms; (by extension) to be full of energy.


pump

The etymology of the term is unclear and disputed. One possibility is that it comes from pomp (“ornamentation”). Another is that it refers to the sound made by the foot moving inside the shoe when dancing. The Oxford English Dictionary claims that it appeared in the 16th century, and lists its origin as "obscure". It has also been linked to the Dutch pampoesje, possibly borrowed from Javanese pampus, ultimately from Persian پاپوش (pâpuš), borrowed from Arabic بَابُوش (bābūš).

unk

obscure

der

Arabic بَابُوش (bābūš)

(British) A low-top shoe with a rubber sole and a canvas upper; a low-top canvas sneaker.

She was wearing a lovely new pair of pumps.

(chiefly Canada, US) A type of women's shoe which leaves the instep uncovered and has a relatively high heel, especially a stiletto (with a very high and thin heel)


LC

en-noun

LC (countable and uncountable, plural LCs)

(fashion on the Internet) Initialism of legit check.


משקפיים

he-noun

מִשְׁקָפַיִם

משקפיים / מִשְׁקָפַיִם • (mishkafáyim) m du (singular indefinite מִשְׁקָף, dual construct מִשְׁקְפֵי־) [pattern: מִקְטָל]

מִשְׁקָפַיִם (canonical)
mishkafáyim (romanization)
מִשְׁקָף (indefinite singular)
מִשְׁקְפֵי־ (construct dual)

Coined by Polish-Israeli writer Leib Hazan.

coinage

אני חובש משקפיים כבר שנים.


parka

→ Afrikaans: parka

→ Chinese: 派克 (pàikè)

→ Dutch: parka

→ Finnish: parka

→ French: parka

→ German: Parka

→ Italian: parka

→ Japanese: パーカ (pāka)

→ Korean: 파카 (paka)

→ Polish: parka

→ Spanish: parka

→ Swedish: parkas

→ Turkish: parka

1780, ultimately from Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka). Perhaps from Proto-Uralic; see dialectal Finnish parka (“rag, swaddling clothes”), which may be a cognate from Proto-Uralic, or an early borrowing from another Uralic language.

cog

Basir tended to wear a beige suede parka over his shalwar kameez.

2002 January 3, James Meek, London Review of Books:

(clothing) A long jacket with a hood which protects the wearer against rain and wind.


parka

→ English: parka (see there for further descendants)


parka

parka (nominative singular)
parky (nominative plural)
parky (genitive singular)
parek (genitive plural)
parce (dative singular)
parkám (dative plural)
parku (accusative singular)
parky (accusative plural)
parko (singular vocative)
parky (plural vocative)
parce (locative singular)
parkách (locative plural)
parkou (instrumental singular)
parkami (instrumental plural)


parka

parka (nominative singular)
parki (nominative plural)
parki (genitive singular)
parek (genitive plural)
parce (dative singular)
parkom (dative plural)
parkę (accusative singular)
parki (accusative plural)
parką (instrumental singular)
parkami (instrumental plural)
parce (locative singular)
parkach (locative plural)
parko (singular vocative)
parki (plural vocative)

(Roman mythology) Parca (one of the Fates)


primer

Unadapted borrowing from English primer.


guru

ha-noun

gūr̃ū m (plural gūr̃ā̀yē, possessed form gūr̃un)

gūr̃ū (canonical masculine)
gūr̃ā̀yē (plural)
gūr̃un (possessed-form)

A large leather belt, usually containing charms.


polo

Borrowed from English polo, from Balti پولو (polo).


polo

Unadapted borrowing from English polo, from Balti པོ་ལོ (po lo, “ball”).


polo

Maraming reklamo si Arni tungkol sa initiation; sisisihin pa nito si Sid dahil ito ang pumilit sa kanyang sumali sa frat. Magsusuot ng polo si Arni. Halos hindi niya maigalaw ang kanyang braso.

1981, Clodualdo Del Mundo, Writing for Film:

Arni have a lot of complaints about the initiation; he even blamed Sid for forcing him to join the frat. Arni would wear a polo shirt. He could almost not move his arms.


anteojos

→ Zoogocho Zapotec: antioj

(Latin America) glasses, (formal) spectacles, (US) eyeglass


yen

head

yen (definite accusative yeni, plural yenler)

yeni (accusative definite)
yenler (plural)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish یك (yeñ, “sleeve”), from Proto-Turkic *yeŋ (“sleeve”).
Cognates
Azerbaijani yen
Bashkir ең (yeñ)
Chuvash ҫанӑ (śană)
Crimean Tatar yeñ, енъ
Gagauz en
Karachay-Balkar женг (jeñ), дженг (ceñ)
Karaim йин
Karakhanid یَنكْ (yeŋ)
Kazakh жең (jeñ)
Khakas нің (nìñ)
Kumyk енг (yeñ)
Kyrgyz жен (jen)
Salar yiñ
Southern Altai јеҥ (ǰeŋ), дженг (dženg)
Tatar җиң (ciñ), ciñ
Turkmen ýeň
Tuvan чең (çeñ)
Uyghur يەڭ (yeng)
Uzbek yeng
Yakut сиэх (sieq)

col

Azerbaijani <i class="Latn mention" lang="az">yen</i>

Bashkir <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ba">ең</i> (yeñ)

Chuvash <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="cv">ҫанӑ</i> (śană)

Gagauz <i class="Latn mention" lang="gag">en</i>

Karakhanid <i class="Arab mention" lang="xqa">یَنكْ</i> (yeŋ)

Karaim <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kdr">йин</i>

Kazakh <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kk">жең</i> (jeñ)

Khakas <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kjh">нің</i> (nìñ)

Kumyk <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kum">енг</i> (yeñ)

Kyrgyz <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ky">жен</i> (jen)

Salar <i class="Latn mention" lang="slr">yiñ</i>

Turkmen <i class="Latn mention" lang="tk">ýeň</i>

Tuvan <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="tyv">чең</i> (çeñ)

Uyghur <i class="Arab ug-Arab mention" lang="ug">يەڭ</i> (yeng)

Uzbek <i class="Latn mention" lang="uz">yeng</i>

Yakut <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="sah">сиэх</i> (sieq)

Kısa yenli bir gömlek.

sleeve (part of a garment that covers the arm)


corset

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-corset.wav

From Middle English corset, from Old French corset. Equivalent to corse + -et.

A woman's foundation garment, reinforced with stays, that supports the waistline, hips and bust.


corset

→ Czech: korzet

→ Danish: korset

→ Dutch: korset

→ Esperanto: korseto

→ Finnish: korsetti

→ German: Korsett

→ Greek: κορσές (korsés)

→ Italian: corsetto

→ Japanese: コルセット (korusetto)

→ Norwegian: korsett

→ Portuguese: corset

→ Russian: корсе́т (korsét)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: корзет

Latin script: korzet

→ Spanish: corsé

→ Swedish: korsett

→ Turkish: korse

→ Persian: کرست (korset)


corset

corsete (plural)
corset (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
corsetul (accusative definite nominative singular)
corsete (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
corsetele (accusative definite nominative plural)
corset (indefinite singular)
corsetului (definite singular)
corsete (indefinite singular)
corsetelor (definite plural)
corsetule (singular vocative)
corsetelor (vocative)


hemp

→ Fanagalo: hemp

→ Northern Sotho: hempe

→ Phuthi: ihhempe

→ Shona: hembe

→ Sotho: hempe

→ Southern Ndebele: irhembe

→ Tswana: hêmpê

→ Venda: hemmbe

→ Xhosa: ihempe

→ Zulu: ihembe

From Dutch hemd (“shirt”), from Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją. Cognate with German Hemd, Yiddish העמד (hemd).

Hy was haar hemp terwyl hy saggies fluit.

He is washing her shirt while he's whistling softly.


бабочка

ru-noun+

ба́бочка • (bábočka) f anim or f inan (genitive ба́бочки, nominative plural ба́бочки, genitive plural ба́бочек)

ба́бочка (canonical)
bábočka (romanization)
ба́бочки (genitive)
ба́бочки (nominative plural)
ба́бочек (genitive plural)
ба́бочка (nominative singular)
ба́бочки (nominative plural)
ба́бочки (genitive singular)
ба́бочек (genitive plural)
ба́бочке (dative singular)
ба́бочкам (dative plural)
ба́бочку (accusative animate singular)
ба́бочек (accusative animate plural)
ба́бочку (accusative inanimate singular)
ба́бочки (accusative inanimate plural)
ба́бочкой (instrumental singular)
ба́бочкою (instrumental singular)
ба́бочками (instrumental plural)
ба́бочке (prepositional singular)
ба́бочках (plural prepositional)

Ru-бабочка.ogg

From ба́бка (bábka, “grandmother, old woman”) + -ка (-ka), originally a diminutive; from the folk belief that spirits of the dead live on as butterflies.


garnet

en-noun

garnet (countable and uncountable, plural garnets)

From Middle English gernet, granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”). Doublet of grenade.

How many needles Betty Flanders had lost there! and her garnet brooch.

1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, page 127:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.


garnet

From English garnet, from Middle English granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”).

(mineralogy) a hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives


beryl

beryl (countable and uncountable, plural beryls)

Inherited from Middle English beryl, from Old French beril, from Latin bērillus, bēryllus, from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”).

der

The sunset had been magnificent, and the Thames was floating in dark radiance; the waves wearing that transparent clearness, which gives more the idea of melted beryl, than aught else: every little circle in the water had that trembling light which characterises precious stones.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 57:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

(uncountable, mineralogy) A mineral of pegmatite deposits, often used as a gemstone (molecular formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈).


dashiki

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dashiki.wav

Royce: African colors. Subtle... You want me to start wearing dashikis? Go all Marion Barry an' shit?

2006 Oct. 1, Dennis Lehane, "Refugees", The Wire, 00:31:10

A loose and brightly-colored African shirt.


helmet

→ Korean: 헬멧 (helmet)

→ Palauan: hermet

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੈਲਮਟ (hailmaṭ)

Shahmukhi script: ہیلمٹ (hailmaṭ)

→ Swahili: helmeti

→ Welsh: helmed

From Middle English helmet, helmett, a borrowing from Old French helmet, heaumet, a diminutive of helme (Modern French heaume), equivalent to helm + -et. The Old French is itself of Germanic origin (whence Old English helm). Used in English since the 15th century, it has largely displaced helm as the general word.

Now that she had rested and had fed from the luncheon tray Mrs. Broome had just removed, she had reverted to her normal gaiety. She looked cool in a grey tailored cotton dress with a terracotta scarf and shoes and her hair a black silk helmet.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter II, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Most speedboarders wear helmets, knee and elbow pads, and occasionally all-in-one aerodynamic suits, to protect themselves.

2009 February 25, Noam Friedlander, “Dangerous sport of speedboarding banned from Malibu streets”, in The Daily Telegraph:

(clothing) A hard, protective head covering, typically part of armour.

(heraldry) Such a helm when placed above a shield on a coat of arms.


helmet

From English helmet, from Middle English helmet, helmett, a borrowing from Old French helmet, heaumet, a diminutive of helme.

a helmet; a protective head covering, usually part of armour


helmet

English: helmet

Scots: hoomet

From Old French helmet; equivalent to helm + -et.

A helmet; an armoured piece of headgear.


helmet

Borrowed from English helmet, from Middle English helmet, helmett, a borrowing from Old French helmet, heaumet, ultimately from Germanic origin. Doublet of almete.


plug

→ Gulf Arabic: بلاك (blāk)

→ Burmese: ပလတ် (pa.lat)

→ Japanese: プラグ (puragu)

From Dutch plug, from Middle Dutch plugge (“peg, plug”), from Old Dutch *pluggi, from Proto-West Germanic *plugi. Further origin unknown. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *plugjaz, but the word seems originally restricted to northern continental West Germanic. Perhaps ultimately from the same source as Dutch plag (“cut-out sod”), itself considered to be from a substrate.
Compare German Low German Plüg, Norwegian plug (“peg, wedge”, probably borrowed from Middle Low German), German Pflock (“peg”, restricted to Central German and phonetically divergent). Possibly akin to Lithuanian plúkti (“to strike, hew”).

unk

unknown

cog

I pushed the plug back into the electrical socket and the lamp began to glow again.

(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.

(loosely) An electric socket: wall plug.

(jewelry) A short cylindrical piece of jewellery commonly worn in larger-gauge body piercings, especially in the ear.


life jacket

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-life jacket.wav

an article of protective clothing that is designed to keep the wearer's head floating above the surface of the water.


dapper

en-adj

dapper (comparative dapperer, superlative dapperest)

dapperer (comparative)
dapperest (superlative)

From Middle English daper (“pretty, neat”), from Middle Dutch dapper (“stalwart, nimble”), Old Dutch *dapar, from Proto-Germanic *dapraz (“stout; solid; heavy; bold”) (compare German tapfer "bold", Norwegian daper "saddened, dreary"), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeb- ‘thick, heavy’ (compare Tocharian A tpär ‘high’, Latvian dàbls ‘strong’, Serbo-Croatian дебео (dèbeo) ‘fat’).

der

This entrance is through a little courtyard, in which is the stable and coach-house combined, where Madame Perinere, a lady who paints the magic word "Modes" beneath her name on the door-post of number seventeen, keeps the dapper little cart and pony which carry her bonnets to the farthest corner of Paris.

1892, Henry Seton Merriman, The Slave Of The Lamp:

Going down the street, you would meet a typical commercial traveller, dapper and alert.

1917, P. G. Wodehouse, The Man With Two Left Feet:

Stylishly dressed, neatly dressed, spiffy.


slinky

en-adj

slinky (comparative slinkier, superlative slinkiest)

slinkier (comparative)
slinkiest (superlative)

The double-breasted blazer which is on every front row this season came with an elbow-length sleeve for spring, while jumpsuits, a signature of the label, came slinky and tailored or in a blowsier boiler suit silhouette.

2017 October 2, Jess Cartner-Morle, “Stella McCartney lays waste to disposable fashion in Paris”, in the Guardian:


hals

halsen (definite singular)
halser (indefinite plural)
halsene (definite plural)

From Old Norse hals (“neck”), from Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck, throat”), from Proto-Indo-European *kólsos.
Cognate with English halse, Dutch hals, German Hals, Swedish hals and Danish hals.

jeg [kjøpte] meg en bluse av hvit musselin, den hadde en blå silkekant i halsen

1975, Gisken Wildenvey, Kjærlighet varer lengst, page 42:

I [bought] a blouse of white muslin, it had a blue silk border at the neck

hun hadde på seg en hvit genser med høy hals

2009, Karl Ove Knausgård, Min kamp 3, page 159:

she was wearing a white sweater with a high neck

(clothing) a garment that covers the neck

(clothing) a neck (the part of a shirt, dress etc., which fits a person's neck.)

(clothing) a type of neckwarmer, primarily for children, which is worn over the head and covers the neck and chest


gola

Inherited from Old Spanish gola, from Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”). Doublet of the borrowing gula.


sax

Japanese: サックス (sakkusu)

Clipping of saxe blue, from the name of the region of Saxony.

sax:

(fashion) a shade of colour similar to sky blue


cloak

From Middle English cloke, from Old Northern French cloque (“travelling cloak”), from Medieval Latin clocca (“travelers' cape, literally “a bell”, so called from the garment’s bell-like shape”), of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos, ultimately imitative.
Doublet of cloche and clock.

onomatopoeic

imitative

‘It's rather like a beautiful Inverness cloak one has inherited. Much too good to hide away, so one wears it instead of an overcoat and pretends it's an amusing new fashion.’

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A long outer garment worn over the shoulders covering the back; a cape, often with a hood.


afloat

her black hair loose and a-float down her dazzling white neck

1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:

unbound silvery-gold tresses afloat beneath a jeweled coronet

1971, Poul Anderson, chapter 4, in The Broken Sword, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1981, page 11:

[…] she roars down the street, dreads and feathers and cape afloat,

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, page 152:

Floating in the air; flowing freely; not tied, braided, etc. (of hair or clothing)


blush

en-noun

blush (countable and uncountable, plural blushes)

From Middle English blusshen, bluschen, blusschen, blisshen, from Old English blysċan (“to be red; shine”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *blaskijaną, from *blasǭ (“burning candle; torch”) or alternatively from Proto-Germanic *bluskijaną, from *blusjǭ (“torch”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-.
Cognate with Middle Low German blöschen (“to blush”). Compare also Old English blysian (“to burn; blaze”), Dutch blozen (“to blush”), Danish blusse (“to blush”), Old Norse blys (“torch”), Danish blus (“blaze”).

inh

The same rules that apply to face powder apply to powder blush, since neither contains water. Cream blush, however, should be replaced after a year. To prolong the life of any blush, clean your blush brush regularly and store the product in a dry place.

2016, Sana Passricha, “Keep or Toss: The Shelflife of Your Beauty Treasures,” iDIVA, 22 July, 2016,_(http://www.idiva.com/news-style-beauty/keep-or-toss-the-shelf-life-of-your-beauty-treasures/16072264)

(uncountable, countable) A sort of makeup, frequently a powder, used to redden the cheeks.


blush

C’est mon petit boulot, ma tune, mes clopes, mes expressos, mes virées nocturnes, ma lingerie fine, mon Guerlain, mes folies de blush, mes livres de poche, mon cinoche.

1999, Anna Gavalda, “The Opel Touch”, in Je voudrais que quelqu'un m'attende quelque part:

blush (makeup used to redden the cheeks)


damask

damask (indefinite nominative singular)
damasks (genitive indefinite singular)
damasken (definite nominative singular)
damaskens (definite genitive singular)
damasker (indefinite nominative plural)
damaskers (genitive indefinite plural)
damaskerna (definite nominative plural)
damaskernas (definite genitive plural)


emo

en-noun

emo (countable and uncountable, plural emos)

(countable) A person associated with a fashion or stereotype of that style of rock.


emo

en-adj

emo (comparative more emo, superlative most emo)

more emo (comparative)
most emo (superlative)

(often derogatory) Emotional; sensitive.

Criticism drapes a black velvet cape across the puddle that interrupts the path to change, to be emo about it.


ботинок

ru-noun+

боти́нок • (botínok) m inan (genitive боти́нка, nominative plural боти́нки, genitive plural боти́нок, diminutive боти́ночек)

боти́нок (canonical)
botínok (romanization)
боти́нка (genitive)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нок (genitive plural)
боти́ночек (diminutive)
боти́нок (nominative singular)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нка (genitive singular)
боти́нок (genitive irregular plural)
боти́нку (dative singular)
боти́нкам (dative plural)
боти́нок (accusative singular)
боти́нки (accusative plural)
боти́нком (instrumental singular)
боти́нками (instrumental plural)
боти́нке (prepositional singular)
боти́нках (plural prepositional)

→ Georgian: ბათინკა (batinḳa)

→ Bezhta: батинкӏа (batinkʼa)

→ Kazakh: бәтеңке (bäteñke)

→ Yakut: бачыыҥка (bacııñka)

Ru-ботинок.ogg


ботинок

uk-noun

боти́нок • (botýnok) m inan (genitive боти́нка, nominative plural боти́нки, genitive plural боти́нків)

боти́нок (canonical)
botýnok (romanization)
боти́нка (genitive)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нків (genitive plural)
боти́нок (nominative singular)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нка (genitive singular)
боти́нків (genitive plural)
боти́нкові (dative singular)
боти́нку (dative singular)
боти́нкам (dative plural)
боти́нок (accusative singular)
боти́нки (accusative plural)
боти́нком (instrumental singular)
боти́нками (instrumental plural)
боти́нкові (locative singular)
боти́нку (locative singular)
боти́нках (locative plural)
боти́нку (singular vocative)
боти́нки (plural vocative)

Uk-ботинок.ogg


spud

en-verb

spud (third-person singular simple present spuds, present participle spudding, simple past and past participle spudded)

spuds (present singular third-person)
spudding (participle present)
spudded (participle past)
spudded (past)

From Middle English spudde (“small knife”). Origin unknown; probably related to Danish spyd, Old Norse spjót (“spear”), German Spieß (“spear; spike; skewer”). Compare English spit (“sharp, pointed rod”). The use of the term for a potato was perhaps first used in New Zealand and Australian dialect and slang.

(camping) To set up a recreational vehicle (RV) at a campsite, typically by leveling the RV and connecting it to electric, water, and/or sewer hookups.


cutaway

While it used to take several seconds to generate a single cutaway view in a complex freeform model, you can now view them just about instantly by dynamically scrolling and rotating a plane forward and backward through an object.

(computer graphics) Having selected portions of the outside removed so as to give an impression of the interior.


cutaway

fraklip

the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else

Despite a pre-debate “memorandum of understanding” between the Bush campaign and the Kerry campaign that there would be no televised “cutaways” or reaction shots […]

(television) The interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.

(television) A cut to a shot of person listening to a speaker so that the audience can see the listener's reaction.

plan de coupe

a cut to a shot of person listening to a speaker

[...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.

1959 March, “New Reading on Railways: The Railwayman's Diesel Manual. By William F. Bolton. G. H. Lake. 7s. 6d.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:

A diagram or model having outer layers removed so as to show the interior

(music) An indentation in the upper bout of a guitar's body adjacent to the neck, allowing easier access to the upper frets.

échancrure

indentation in a guitar's body, adjacent to the neck


trouser

And this is our linen trouser, sir.

(in clothing retail and fashion) A pair of trousers.


trouser

trouser (third-person singular simple present trousers, present participle trousering, simple past and past participle trousered)

trousers (present singular third-person)
trousering (participle present)
trousered (participle past)
trousered (past)

(transitive, British, Ireland, informal) To put (money) into one's trouser pocket; to pocket.

Your aunt told him to pack Upjohn's bags, and the first thing he saw when he smacked into it was the speech. He trousered it and brought it along to me.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XIX, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

Barr, 34, trousered the money from the pub in Lugton, Ayrshire, between January 2016 and February 2018.

2021 September 7, “Greedy pub worker’s assets targeted after he’s convicted of £40,000 embezzlement: Graham Barr trousered over £35,000 while working at the Canny Man in Lugton”, in Daily Record:

(transitive, British, Ireland, informal) To secretively steal (an item or money) for personal use.

Politicians know how to look after themselves. Derry Irvine, Blair’s old boss, trousered a pension fund worth £2.3 million after just five years as Lord Chancellor - all courtesy of the tax payer.

2010, Richard Littlejohn, Littlejohn’s Britain, page 348:

2021 July 14, “Towns trouser cash as billions earmarked for ‘levelling up’ in U.K.”, in The Guardian:

Andy Prendergast, national secretary of the GMB union, said: “To see the boss of Shell trouser more than £6million while bills are crippling families and countries scrabble around trying to ditch Russian gas is abhorrent.

2022 March 10, “Shell boss earns £6.3million in a year as households and motorists face cost of living crisis”, in Mirror:

The founder and boss of CMC Markets is set to trouser £20million via the company’s dividend payments, even as the group’s profits and revenue fall.

2022 June 9, “CMC Market boss and House of Lords member Peter Cruddas set for bumper dividend as trading platform’s profits and revenue slide”, in thisismoney.co.uk:

Worse still, the driving motivation for all too many of the bosses of water companies appears to be not to improve the environment or to secure London’s water supply but rather to trouser obscene salaries and bonuses

2022 July 4, Feargal Sharkey, “Our taps could run dry and greedy bosses should be prosecuted, writes FEARGAL SHARKEY”, in Daily Mail:

The whopping sum will now be up for grabs on Tuesday when punters will have another chance to trouser the lifechanging amount.

2022 July 17, “LUCKY NUMBERS Euromillions - £191million jackpot rolls over AGAIN with whopping cash prize up for grabs on Tuesday”, in The Sun:

A small piece of the Stone of Destiny broke off during the operation at Westminster Abbey — and Ian's son, Jamie Hamilton, still has it. / "My father had the presence of mind to trouser it and got it set in a brooch, and gave the brooch to my mother," Jamie says.

2022 November 7, Marc Fennell, Rosanna Ryan, “When England invaded Scotland, the Stone of Destiny was stolen. Centuries later, four Scots stole it back”, in Australian Broadcasting C RN:

As an example, in the final three months of 2022 (usually a fallow period for airlines), Ryanair trousered a comfortable £222 million in profits - essentially £2m per day.

2023 April 19, Christian Wolmar, “We need a cross-party transport policy that supports net zero”, in RAIL, number 981, page 34:

(transitive, British, Ireland, informal) To take and keep (something, especially money, that is not one's own); to pocket.


figa

figi (nominative plural)
fig (genitive plural)
figom (dative plural)
figi (accusative plural)
figami (instrumental plural)
figach (locative plural)
figi (plural vocative)

(in the plural) knickers (women's legless underpants)


boa

From Middle English boa, from Latin boa (“large snake”), a species of serpent mentioned in Pliny's Naturalis Historia (Natural History). The scarf was named attributively, for its resemblance to the snake when worn.

Do not take up your boa as if it were the rope with which you meant to hang yourself; nor wrap your shawl round you as if it were your shroud.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVIII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 220:

A type of long scarf; typically made from synthetic or real feathers (or occasionally fur), and usually worn by being draped across the shoulders with the ends hanging low, sometimes also with a loop around the neck.


boa

Borrowed from French boa. First attested in 1836.

futrzane boa

pierzaste boa

puchowe boa

wyłysiałe boa

boa z piór

boa ze strusich piór

szal z boa

poprawiać boa

włożyć na szyję boa

owinięty boa

boa (type of long scarf; typically made from synthetic or real feathers (or occasionally fur), and usually worn by being draped across the shoulders with the ends hanging low, sometimes also with a loop around the neck)


bolo

(US law enforcement) A request for law enforcement officers to be on the lookout for a suspect.


chic

en-adj

chic (comparative chicer or more chic, superlative chicest or most chic)

chicer (comparative)
more chic (comparative)
chicest (superlative)
most chic (superlative)

Borrowed from French chic (“elegant”), which in turn is probably derived from German Schick (“elegant appearance; tasteful presentation”). The word is akin to Dutch schielijk (“hasty”), schikken (“to arrange”) and Old English sċēon (“to happen”).

cog

Mrs. Hominy, sir, is the lady of Major Hominy, one of our chicest spirits; and belongs Toe^([sic]) one of our most aristocratic families.

1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “From which It will be Seen that Martin Became a Lion on His Own Account. Together with the Reason Why.”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 277:

As he wisht to micks with the very chicest sosaity, and git the best of infmation about this country, Munseer Jools of coarse went and lodgd in Lester Square— […]

1847, Je—mes Pl—sh [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], “Crinoline”, in Punch, or The London Charivari, volume XIII, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC, page 72, column 2:

There are chic Cercles; or rather, there is only one, the Jockey Club. Why? Nobody can tell. Other Cercles are just as select, as exclusive, as well constituted, but not so chic. […] [T]he Jockey Club is so extremely chic, that many people consider the fact of belonging to it not as an ordinary circumstance, but as a dignity.

1870 July, “Parisine”, in London Society. An Illustrated Magazine of Light and Amusing Literature for the Hours of Relaxation, volume XVIII, number CIII, London: [Printed by William Clowes and Sons], →OCLC, pages 13–14:

What is chic may, in a sense, be fashionable, but what is fashionable cannot be chic. Anybody can wear and do what is fashionable. It is not fashionable unless a lot of people do it, and have it on—until, in three words that grate rather upon the ear, in this connection, it is common. Chic cannt be common.

1877 September, A. de F., “Chic”, in Temple Bar: A London Magazine for Town and Country Readers, volume LI, London: Richard Bentley & Son, […] ; New York, N.Y.: Willmer and Rogers; Paris: Galignani, →OCLC, page 118:

The hair is actually cut about the ears like that of the quaint Dutch children from the little Island of Martken. This style of coiffure gives to the grown child a chic appearance and naive insouciance that is very fascinating. The hair is worn, either parted on the side or in the middle, and is held with a jeweled band or a fillet of ribbon which is most effective. It seems a fashion not likely to be adopted to any great extent by really smart women, although La Valliere, the chic little Parisian actress, is fascinating in this style of head-dress, […]

1915 February, “Told in the Boudoir: Concerning Coiffures in General and in Particular”, in Frank Crowninshield, editor, Vanity Fair, volume 3, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Vanity Fair Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 74, column 1:

For Murray Marks he [Richard Norman Shaw] designed a chic Oxford Street shopfront for the display of 'pots' (1875–6), […]

2010, Andrew Saint, “South and North”, in Richard Norman Shaw, revised (2nd) edition, New Haven, Conn., London: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 61:

Spanish Manchego cheese seems so much chicer than cheddar, but either pairs well with almonds, dried fruit, and rice crackers.

2013, Jenna Mahoney, “Do Some Semi-homemade”, in Mary Hern, editor, Small Apartment Hacks: 101 Ingenious DIY Solutions for Living, Organizing, and Entertaining, Berkeley, Calif.: Ulysses Press, →ISBN, part 3 (Entertaining), page 163:

أَنِيق

elegant, stylish — see also elegant, stylish


clad

From Middle English clad(d), cladde, clade, past tense and past participle forms of clathen, clothen (“to put clothing on, clothe, dress”), from *clāþian (“to clothe”) (past participle ġeclāded, ġeclaþed, ġeclaþod), from clāþ, clǣþ (“cloth; (plural) clothes”); see further at etymology 1.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-clad.wav

[...] from his nook up leapt the venturous lad, / And flinging wide the cedar-carven door / Beheld an awful image saffron-clad / And armed for battle!

1881, Oscar Wilde, “Charmides”, in Poems:

Her downcast eyes were almost mesmerized by the huge tweed-clad knees which towered like monoliths beside her.

1912, James Stephens, chapter 10, in The Charwoman's Daughter; republished as Mary, Mary, New York: Boni & Liveright, (Please provide a date or year), page 66:

Everything was lost in a scene from a movie in which khaki-clad regiments marched fast, fast across the scene.

1921, John Dos Passos, Three Soldiers, Part One, New York: The Modern Library, published 1932, page 35:

The radical conservatives of the Jain monks were called “Digambara—the sky-clad.” They went about completely naked, or in other words, “clothed in space.”

1964, Hajime Nakamura, “Alienation from the Objective Natural World”, in Philip P. Wiener, editor, Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples: India–China–Tibet–Japan, translator not credited, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, page 142:

There his chains would be removed and he would be ushered into the waiting-room for a five-minute chat with his wife surrounded on all sides by security men and civilian-clad prison warders.

1981, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary, Section One, London: Heinemann, page 111:

Love brought between my sheets a laughing lad / One night. Eighteen years old, he was half-clad / Like a young boy: what a sweet dream!

2001, Daryl, transl. Hine, chapter CXXV, in Puerilities: Erotic Epigrams of The Greek Anthology, Princeton University Press, page 59:

In the original photograph, the two leaders are followed by a single pair of uniform-clad men, but in Kafka's symmetrical arrangement, there are two pairs of attendants, each pair facing each other.

2007, Carolin Duttlinger, chapter 7, in Kafka and Photography, Oxford University Press, page 214:

(of a person, preceded by a garment type) Wearing clothing or some other covering (for example, an armour) on the body; clothed, dressed.

gekleed

of a person: wearing clothing or some other covering on the body


clad

en-verb

clad (third-person singular simple present clads, present participle cladding, simple past and past participle clad or cladded)

clads (present singular third-person)
cladding (participle present)
clad (participle past)
clad (past)
cladded (participle past)
cladded (past)

Apparently derived from clad (adjective); see etymology 2. Uses of clad as the simple past and past participle form of clad are indistinguishable from uses of the word as the simple past and past participle form of clothe.

At last faire Heſperus in higheſt ſkie / Had ſpent his lãpe [i.e., lampe] and brought forth dawning light, / Then vp he roſe, and clad him haſtily; / The dwarfe him brought his ſteed: ſo both away do fly.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6, page 20:

Muſicke and Poetry is his delight, / Therefore ile haue Italian Maskes by night, / Sweete ſpeeches, Comedies, and pleaſing ſhowes, / And in the day when he ſhall walke abroad, / Like Siluian Nimphs my Pages ſhall be clad, […]

1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I]:

But ſee the Sunne in ruſſet mantle clad, / Walkes ore the deaw of yon hie mountaine top, […]

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

And it came to paſſe at that time when Jeroboam went out of Jeruſalem, that the Prophet Ahiiah the Shilonite found him in the way: and hee had clad himſelfe with a new garment; and they two were alone in the field.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 11:29, column 1:

He alwaie claddeth yⁿ a blak Cote with Trunkhose o yᵉ lyke Colore, wi Shoos and Siller Buckels, a spuddish coroned Hatte, wi a Bruarte o muche brodeneſse, an tached vppe atte yᵉ Rear, wi a Cordige an Tassle.

1660, “Walter Brockett, 1660”, in William A[nderson] Gunnell, compiler, Sketches of Hull Celebrities: Or Memoirs and Correspondence of Alderman Thomas Johnson, (Who was Twice Mayor of Kingston-upon-Hull.) And Four of His Lineal Descendants, from the Year 1640 to 1858. […], Hull, Yorkshire: […] Walker & Brown, […] [for] William Anderson Gunnell, […], published 1876, →OCLC, page 176:

Those to whom the King had entruſted me, obſerving how ill I was clad, ordered a Taylor to come next Morning, and take my Meaſure for a Suit of Clothes.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Humours and Dispositions of the Laputians Described. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 23:

She had a rustic, woodland air, / And she was wildly clad; / Her eyes were fair, and very fair, / —Her beauty made me glad.

1798, [William Wordsworth], “We Are Seven”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], →OCLC, stanza 3, page 110:

O Pergubri! thou it is that sendest the winter away, and bringest back the beautiful spring. It is thou who coverest the hedges and the meadows with green, and claddest the hedges and the forest with leaves.

1831 July, “Art. III.—1. Erste Sammlung Lettischer Sinngedichte. Ruien, 1807, 12mo. 2. Zweyte Sammlung Lettischer Sinn-oder Stegriefs Gedichte, 1808, 12mo. 3. Palzmareeschu Dseesmu Krahjums. (Lettish and Palzmarinian Songs and Epigrams.)”, in The Foreign Quarterly Review, volume VIII, number XV, London: Treuttel and Würtz, and Richter, […]; Black, Young, and Young, […], →OCLC, page 77:

Those ladies came over to champion "Woman's rights," and proclaim the equality of the sexes; and to show they had a right to do so, they assumed, or rather usurped male attire—they clad themselves in breeches.

1875 April 7, Patrick Smollett, “Women’s Disabilities Removal Bill—[Bill 25.]: Second Reading”, in Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, […] (House of Commons), volume CCXXIII, London: Cornelius Buck, […], →OCLC, column 449:

But what interested me most was the slender figure of a dainty girl, clad only in a thin bit of muslin which scarce covered her knees—a bit of muslin torn and ragged about the lower hem.

1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter VIII, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, part II, number 12, New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, March 1927, →OCLC, page 1140:

His followers were neither ideologues nor philosophers nor clerics but shabbily clad fifteen-year-olds who looked twice their age and who subsisted on dried corn, fruit, or animal flesh and followed officers with uniforms made out of blankets with cut-out holes for their heads.

2009, Lester D. Langley, “The Liberator”, in Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan Rebel, American Revolutionary, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 75:

(archaic, literary or obsolete, past tense clad) To clothe, to dress.

kleden

to clothe, to dress — see also clothe, dress


corona

la-noun

corōna f (genitive corōnae); first declension

corōna (canonical feminine)
corōnae (genitive)
corōna (nominative singular)
corōnae (nominative plural)
corōnae (genitive singular)
corōnārum (genitive plural)
corōnae (dative singular)
corōnīs (dative plural)
corōnam (accusative singular)
corōnās (accusative plural)
corōnā (ablative singular)
corōnīs (ablative plural)
corōna (singular vocative)
corōnae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: cãrunã, curunã

Romanian: cunună

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: curona

desctree

Italian: cruna; corona
→ Byzantine Greek: κορόνα (koróna)
Greek: κορώνα (koróna), κορόνα (koróna)
→? Bulgarian: корона (korona)
→? Romanian: coroană

Sicilian: cruna, curuna

Old French: corone, curune (Old Northern French)
French: couronne
Norman: couorône, couoronne (continental Normandy) (continental Normandy); couraonne (Guernsey); couronne (Jersey)
→ Middle English: coroune
English: crown (see there for further descendants)
Scots: croun, croon
→ Welsh: coron

Old Occitan: corona
Occitan: corona, courouno

Piedmontese: coron-a

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: corone

Romansch: curuna, cruna

Sardinian: corona, curona

West Iberian

Aragonese: corona

Old Leonese:

Asturian: corona

Leonese: corona

Old Galician-Portuguese: corõa
Galician: coroa
Portuguese: coroa

Old Spanish: corona

Spanish: corona
→ Karao: korona

Borrowings

→ Albanian:

Tosk Albanian: kurorë

Gheg Albanian: kuronë

→ Belarusian: карона (karóna)

→ Czech: koruna

→ English: corona
→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

→ Finnish: korona

→ Scottish Gaelic: crùn

→ German: Korona (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *korōnā

→ Hungarian: korona

→ Icelandic: kóróna

→ Irish: coróin

→ Old Irish: corann (see there for further descendants)

→ Latgalian: krūņs

→ Latvian: kronis

→ Lithuanian: karūna

→ Manx: crooin

→ Polish: korona (see there for further descendants)

→? Romanian: coroană

→ Swahili: kirauni

→ Slovak: koruna

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “a type of sea-bird, perhaps shearwater; a crow; anything curved or hooked (like a door handle or the tip of a bow); a type of crown”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).

der

sed quid egō videō? Menaechmus cum corōnā exit forās

But why do I see Menaechmus here? He's coming out of doors with a chaplet on?

chaplet, laurel, or wreath; presented to athletes, the gods, or the dead


cowl

From Middle English coule, from Old English cūle, from earlier cugele (“hood, cowl”), from Ecclesiastical Latin cuculla (“monk's cowl”), from Latin cucullus (“hood”), of uncertain origin. Doublet of cagoule.

cucullated

having a hood-like covering or component

c. 1536, William Tyndale, An Exposycyon vpon the v. vi. vii. Chapters of Mathewe, An Exposycyon of the syxte Capiter,
And therfore al our monkes whose professyon was neuer to eate fleshe, set vp the Pope and toke dispensacyons bothe for that faste and also for theyr strayte rules, and made theyr strayte rules as wyde as the hodes of theyr cowles.

"What differ more (you cry) than Crown and Cowl?" / I'll tell you, friend: a Wiſe man and a Fool.

1734, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], epistle IV, London: Printed for J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC, page 71, lines 189–190:

The hermit, as if wishing to answer to the confidence of his guest, threw back his cowl, and showed a round bullet head belonging to a man in the prime of life.

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter II, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, pages 28–29:

The roof came down steep and black like a cowl, reaching out beyond the wide galleries that encircled the yellow stuccoed house.

She brought the corner of the quilt over his head like a cowl and pulled it down over his face.

1939 April 14, John Steinbeck, chapter 13, in The Grapes of Wrath, New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press, →OCLC; Compass Books edition, New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press, 1967, →OCLC, page 145:

A monk's hood that can be pulled forward to cover the face; a robe with such a hood attached to it.


cowl

en-verb

cowl (third-person singular simple present cowls, present participle cowling, simple past and past participle cowled)

cowls (present singular third-person)
cowling (participle present)
cowled (participle past)
cowled (past)

COWL, scrape together. "Cowlin t'cinders up."

1865, William Stott Banks, Wakefield Words, page 17:


cowl

From Middle English cuuel, from Old French cuvel (“vat”), diminutive of cuve, from Latin cūpa (“tub, cask, tun, vat”).

(obsolete, British) A vessel carried on a pole, a soe.


cowl

See caul, probably altered due to semantic association (“something covering the head”).

According to one of his accounts—and his accounts varied with his audience—he was the seventh son of a seventh son, and born with a cowl on his face […]

1896, I. K. Friedman, “A Coat of One Color”, in The Lucky Number, Chicago: Way and Williams, page 55:

1982, André Brink, A Chain of Voices, New York: William Morrow, Part 3, “Campher,” p. 331,
[…] I’d been born with a cowl, which from my earliest age prompted a wide variety of predictions about my future, alternately dire and enthusiastic.

A caul (the amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth).


chiton

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chiton.wav

In the giant chiton, Cryptochiton, this girdle has expanded so as to completely cover the plates.

1969, Sam Hinton, chapter I, in Seashore Life of Southern California, page 72:

The chiton (Fig. 14.1 a) is depressed (dorso-ventrally flattened), with a large foot which has a flat sole.

1979, R. McNeill Alexander, chapter I, in The Invertebrates, page 295:

The bright orange gumboot chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) is the largest in the world.

1996, Paul Henson, chapter I, in The Natural History of Big Sur, page 70:

Any of various rock-clinging marine molluscs of the class Polyplacophora, including the genus Chiton.


chiton

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χιτών (khitṓn).


chiton

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χιτών (khitṓn, “tunic”).


chiton

chitoane (plural)
chiton (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
chitonul (accusative definite nominative singular)
chitoane (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
chitoanele (accusative definite nominative plural)
chiton (indefinite singular)
chitonului (definite singular)
chitoane (indefinite singular)
chitoanelor (definite plural)
chitonule (singular vocative)
chitoanelor (vocative)


doff

en-verb

doff (third-person singular simple present doffs, present participle doffing, simple past and past participle doffed)

doffs (present singular third-person)
doffing (participle present)
doffed (participle past)
doffed (past)

From Middle English doffen (“take off”), contraction of Old English dōn of. Equivalent to a blend of do + off. Compare don, dup, dout, gauf.

And made us doff our easy robes of peace.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

[A]t night, or in the rain, / He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn: […]

1867, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Adirondacs. A Journal. Dedicated to My Fellow-travellers in August, 1858.”, in May-Day and Other Pieces, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 47:

She had doffed the shirt and Bermuda-shorts which she had been wearing and was now dressed for her journey home.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter VII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

(clothing) To remove or take off (something such as clothing).

свалям

to remove or take off (something such as clothing)


fedora

From a 19th-century play by Victorien Sardou titled Fédora. The heroine, Fédora Romazov, wore a center-creased, soft brimmed hat. The name comes from the Russian Федо́ра (Fedóra), feminine form of Фёдор (Fjódor), from Ancient Greek Θεόδωρος (Theódōros, “gift of god”), derived from θεός (theós, “god”) and δῶρον (dôron, “gift”).

der

A felt hat with a fairly low, creased crown with a brim that can be turned up or down.


fedora

fedora (indefinite nominative singular)
fedoras (genitive indefinite singular)
fedoran (definite nominative singular)
fedorans (definite genitive singular)
fedoror (indefinite nominative plural)
fedorors (genitive indefinite plural)
fedororna (definite nominative plural)
fedorornas (definite genitive plural)


fro

From Old French froc (“frock, a monk's gown or habit”), from Frankish *hrokk (“robe, tunic”), from Proto-Germanic *hrukkaz (“robe, garment, cowl”), variant of *rukkaz (“upper garment, smock, shirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *rug(')- (“upper clothes, shirt”).


gaiter

Borrowed from French guêtre, from Middle French guiestres, guestes pl, from Old French *gueste, from Frankish *wastiju, from Proto-Germanic *wastijō (“garment; dress”).
Cognate with Middle High German wester (“a child's chrisom-cloth”), Middle High German westebarn (“godchild”), Old English wæstling (“a coverlet”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti, “garment; dress”).

cog

[He] stood and pulled up the gaiter around his neck to mask his mouth and nose. “People are careful around here, so you'll want to put your mask on,” she told Perry.

2022 June 14, D. Jackson Leigh, Forever Comes in Threes, Bold Strokes Books Inc, →ISBN:

Part of the ecclesiastical garb of a bishop.


gala

galowy (adjective)
gala (nominative singular)
gale (nominative plural)
gali (genitive singular)
gali (genitive plural)
gal (genitive plural)
gali (dative singular)
galom (dative plural)
galę (accusative singular)
gale (accusative plural)
galą (instrumental singular)
galami (instrumental plural)
gali (locative singular)
galach (locative plural)
galo (singular vocative)
gale (plural vocative)


hogger

A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.


hue

hua (definite singular)
huen (definite singular)
huer (indefinite plural)
huene (definite plural)

a cap (without a peak, often knitted), woolly hat


hue

hua (definite singular)
huer (indefinite plural)
huene (definite plural)


kapok

pl-noun

kapok m inan (related adjective kapokowy)

kapokowy (adjective)
kapok (nominative singular)
kapoki (nominative plural)
kapoka (genitive singular)
kapoków (genitive plural)
kapokowi (dative singular)
kapokom (dative plural)
kapok (accusative singular)
kapoki (accusative plural)
kapokiem (instrumental singular)
kapokami (instrumental plural)
kapoku (locative singular)
kapokach (locative plural)
kapoku (singular vocative)
kapoki (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English kapok, French kapok, German Kapok, ultimately from Malay kapuk.

life jacket (article of protective clothing that is designed to keep the wearer's head floating above the surface of the water)


kola

kola class IX (canonical)
kola class X (plural)


lulu

lulu class IX (canonical)
lulu class X (plural)


mitre

From Middle English mytre, from Old French mitre, from Ancient Greek μίτρα (mítra, “headband, turban”). Its use in reference to a counterfeit coin derived from the bishop's mitre stamped upon it. Doublet of Mithras, Mithra, Mitra, and Mehr.


mob cap

From mob (“unruly group”) + cap (“hat”), in reference to the riots of French Revolution.

You must get a brown gown, and a white apron, and a mob cap, and we must make you a few wrinkles, and a little of the crowsfoot at the corner of your eyes, and you will be a very proper, little old woman.

1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XV, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, pages 305–306:

She was dressed entirely in flowing black cerements and wore a little lacy mob-cap on a mass of dead-looking yellowish white hair; her features were still beautiful, but her face was completely covered with mauve face-powder.

1970, John Glassco, Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York, published 2007, page 161:

(chiefly historical) A plain cap or headdress for women or girls, especially one tied under the chin by a very broad band, and having a puffy crown and frills.


muff

muffok (plural)
muff (nominative singular)
muffok (nominative plural)
muffot (accusative singular)
muffokat (accusative plural)
muffnak (dative singular)
muffoknak (dative plural)
muffal (instrumental singular)
muffokkal (instrumental plural)
muffért (causal-final singular)
muffokért (causal-final plural)
muffá (singular translative)
muffokká (plural translative)
muffig (singular terminative)
muffokig (plural terminative)
muffként (essive-formal singular)
muffokként (essive-formal plural)
muffban (inessive singular)
muffokban (inessive plural)
muffon (singular superessive)
muffokon (plural superessive)
muffnál (adessive singular)
muffoknál (adessive plural)
muffba (illative singular)
muffokba (illative plural)
muffra (singular sublative)
muffokra (plural sublative)
muffhoz (allative singular)
muffokhoz (allative plural)
muffból (elative singular)
muffokból (elative plural)
muffról (delative singular)
muffokról (delative plural)
mufftól (ablative singular)
muffoktól (ablative plural)
muffé (singular)
muffoké (plural)
mufféi (singular)
muffokéi (plural)
muffom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
muffjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
muffod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
muffjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
muffja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
muffjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
muffunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
muffjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
muffotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
muffjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
muffjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
muffjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From German Muff, from Dutch mof ("muff"), from Middle Dutch moffel, from Middle French moufle ("mitten"), from Medieval Latin muffula ("fur-lined glove"), of unknown origin.


onyx

en-noun

onyx (countable and uncountable, plural onyxes)

From Middle English onix (c. 1300), earlier oniche (c. 1250), from Old French oniche or onix, from Latin onyx, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “onyx”). Doublet of unguis.

People talk about using marble in the bathrooms. Marble wasn't good enough for use—we have onyx!

2023 September 23, Tom Robbins, “Suite dreams”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 1:

(mineralogy) A banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz.


onyx

la-noun

onyx m (genitive onychis); third declension

onychis (genitive)
onyx (nominative singular)
onychēs (nominative plural)
onychis (genitive singular)
onychum (genitive plural)
onychī (dative singular)
onychibus (dative plural)
onychem (accusative singular)
onychēs (accusative plural)
onyche (ablative singular)
onychibus (ablative plural)
onyx (singular vocative)
onychēs (plural vocative)


opal

In Florio’s A World of Words 1598 as opale, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”). Distantly related to over.

أُوبَال

a mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity

(mineralogy) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity, of the chemical formula SiO₂·nH₂O.

(gemology) A precious gem, an iridescent gemstone found in the opal-silica mineral substrate (potch)


opal

From English opal, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”).


pall

From Middle English pal, palle, from Old English pæl, pæll, from Old French paile and Latin pallium (“cloak; covering”) (and thus a doublet of pallium), probably from palla (“piece of cloth worn as apparel”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; hide, skin; cloth”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns).

der

By the way, a pall is a pontifical vestment, considerable for the matter, making, and mysteries thereof. […] But, to speak plainly, the mystery of mysteries in this pall was, that the archbishops' receiving it showed therein their dependence on Rome; and a mote, in this manner ceremoniously taken, was an acknowledgement of their subjection. And as it owned Rome's power, so in after-ages it increased their profit. For, though now such palls were freely given to archbishops, […] yet in after-ages the archbishop of Canterbury's pall was sold for five thousand florins: […]

1655, Thomas Fuller, “Section II. The Seventh Century.”, in The Church-history of Britain; from the Birth of Jesus Christ, untill the Year M.DC.XLVIII, London: Printed for Iohn Williams, →OCLC; The Church History of Britain, […] In Three Volumes, 3rd edition, volume I, London: Printed for Thomas Tegg, […], 1842, →OCLC, section 38 (What a Pall is), page 107:

Or it might be a magnificent pall, in the days in which this garment had lost its primitive character, that taxed the skill and the patience of the fair needlewoman. It was about the year a.d. 601 that Pope Gregory [I] sent two archbishop's palls into England; the one for London, which see was afterwards removed to Canterbury, and the other to York.

1840, [Elizabeth Stone], “Needlework of the Dark Ages”, in Countess of Wilton [i.e., Mary Margaret Stanley Egerton], editor, The Art of Needle-work, from the Earliest Ages; including Some Notices of the Ancient Historical Tapestries, 2nd edition, London: Henry Colburn, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 66:

(Christianity) Especially in Roman Catholicism: a pallium (“liturgical vestment worn over the chasuble”).


pas

pasek (diminutive)
pas (nominative singular)
pasy (nominative plural)
pasa (genitive singular)
pasów (genitive plural)
pasowi (dative singular)
pasom (dative plural)
pas (accusative singular)
pasy (accusative plural)
pasem (instrumental singular)
pasami (instrumental plural)
pasie (locative singular)
pasach (locative plural)
pasie (singular vocative)
pasy (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: пас (pas)

→ Yiddish: פּאַס (pas)


pug

Origin unknown, possibly related to West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”); though it is uncertain whether sense 1 (“senses relating to someone or something small”) and sense 2 (“senses relating to people”) are derived from the same source.
Sense 1.8 (“small demon”) was probably influenced by, though not a variant of, puck.

pentu

any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon

Senses relating to someone or something small.

(clothing, historical) In full pug hood: a hood, sometimes with a short cloak attached, worn by women around the middle of the 18th century.


rep

en-noun

rep (countable and uncountable, plural reps)

Clippings of various words beginning with rep.

rep sneakers

Overall, David is cagey when talking about reps, like someone might be while talking about an ex. That's understandable. But I wonder if Soulsfeng will ever reach the notoriety that David the rep seller did.

2018 October 1, Alice Hines, “Meeting David, the God of Counterfeit Sneakers”, in Highsnobiety, archived from the original on 2024-03-17:

The forum is a democratised, judgement-free zone in which people share a love of high quality replicas or 'reps', where members are friendly and even supportive. They help one another to find the best sellers and sites to buy from, while discussing discrepancies between retail items and their counterfeit counterparts – from stitching and logos, to details and finishes.

2020 January 16, Kish Lal, “Why this community of streetwear fanatics only buy fakes”, in Dazed, London: Dazed Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-04:


ruff

Clipping of ruffle, or possibly from rough.

You a Captaine? you ſlaue, for what? for tearing a poore Whores Ruffe in a Bawdy-houſe? Hee a Captaine? hang him Rogue, hee liues vpon mouldie ſtew'd-Pruines, and dry'de Cakes.

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, containing His Death: And the Coronation of King Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act II, scene iv, page 83, column 1:

"Just look here! I am a parson now. Here is both the gown and the ruff!"

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 309:

"When we first forgathered, I was sitting on the floor with a chair round my neck." "Like an Elizabethan ruff, as worn by Thomas Botway." "Otway," I said stiffly.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).

præstekrave

when worn by a priest in the Church of Denmark


ruff

In the same genus there is another species which makes better eating. This is A[rripis] georgianus, popularly known as the ruff or tommy ruff (again, nothing to do with anything bearing that name in the Old World), but now officially called 'Australian herring' (another aberration). [...] The ruff, on the other hand, although a smaller fish, makes good eating; its flesh is tender and tasty.

2014, Alan Davidson, “Australasian ‘salmon’”, in Tom Jaine, editor, The Oxford Companion to Food, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 44:

A fish of species Arripis georgianus, found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia


sago

(historical) sagum (cloak worn by Gallic, Germanic and Roman soldiers)


simar

Borrowed from French simarre (“type of robe”), from Italian cimarra, zimarra. Doublet of chimer.

(obsolete) A light covering; a cloak or mantle.


tog

Shortened from earlier togemans, togeman (“cloak, loose coat”), from Middle English tog, toge, togue, from Old French togue, from Latin toga (“cloak, mantle”) (compare the doublets toga and toge). Togeman(s) was an old thieves' and vegabonds' cant for "cloak; coat". By the 1700s the noun tog was used as a shortened form, then with the meaning "coat"; before 1800 the word (in this sense usually in the plural; see togs) started to mean "clothing". The verb tog ("to dress up") came shortly after. The unit of thermal resistance was coined in the 1940s after the clo, a unit of thermal insulation of clothing, which was itself derived from clothes or clothing.


vamp

From Middle English vaumpe, vaum-pei, vampe (“covering for the foot, perhaps a slipper or understocking; upper of a boot or shoe”), or from Anglo-Norman vampe, *vaumpé (“part of a stocking covering the top of the foot”), from Old French avantpied, avantpiet, variants of avantpié, from avant (“in front”) + pié (“foot”).
Noun senses 2 and 3 (“a patch; something patched up or improvised”) appear to have been extended from sense 1 (“top part of a boot or shoe”). Sense 4 (“repeated and often improvised musical accompaniment”) was probably derived from sense 3, and sense 5 (“activity to fill or stall for time”) from sense 4.
The verb senses were derived from the noun. Compare also Middle English vaum-peien (“(uncertain) to repair (footwear) with a new upper or vamp; to fabricate an upper or vamp”).

cog

The flow of water was in my ears, and in my eyes a hazy spreading, and upon my brain a closure, as a cobbler sews a vamp up.

1869, R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, chapter XX, in Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Son, & Marston, […], →OCLC, pages 279–280:

'Yes, I am rather cracked in the vamp,' he said freely, seeing that the eyes of the shepherd's wife fell upon his boots, 'and I am not well fitted either. I have had rough times lately, and have been forced to pick up what I can get in the way of wearing, but I must find a suit better fit for working days when I reach home.'

1883 March, Thomas Hardy, “The Three Strangers”, in Wessex Tales: Strange, Lively, and Commonplace […], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1888, →OCLC, page 24:

Their dark brown shoes had hand-stitched vamps.

1976, Chaim Grade, translated by Curt Leviant, The Yeshiva, Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, →ISBN, page 164:

The top part of a boot or shoe, above the sole and welt and in front of the ankle seam, that covers the instep and toes; the front part of an upper; the analogous part of a stocking.


vamp

en-verb

vamp (third-person singular simple present vamps, present participle vamping, simple past and past participle vamped)

vamps (present singular third-person)
vamping (participle present)
vamped (participle past)
vamped (past)

The shoe is now ready to be vamped after the eyelets are put in.

1899, [Charles B. Hatfield], “Cloth Quarters and Welt Shoes”, in Designing, Cutting and Grading Boot and Shoe Patterns: And Complete Manual for the Stitching Room. […], Boston, Mass.: Press of Superintendent and Foreman, →OCLC, page 56:

(transitive, shoemaking) To attach a vamp (to footwear).


vamp

A Fool There Was (1915 film)
Derby shoe
Oxford shoe
Theda Bara

Clipping of vampire. From a character type developed first for silent film, notably for Theda Bara's role in the 1915 film A Fool There Was.
The verb is derived from the noun.

It is the vamp who has a sense of humor that can really hold a man. She laughs at him, even as she is seeking to allure him—and he adores it.

1919 June, Renee Van Dyke, “Interesting Paragraphs about the Players”, in Geo[rge] M. Downs, Jr., editor, The Photo-play World, volume 2, number 8, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Downs Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 59, column 3:

She was got up to the best of her ability as a siren, more popularly a "vamp"—a picker up and thrower away of men, an unscrupulous and fundamentally unmoved toyer with affections.

1922, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, “The Connoisseur of Kisses”, in The Beautiful and Damned, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, book 1, page 95:

"Lady Miriam?" said Jarvis in surprise. "Oh, yes. … I suppose you mean that she looks a queer sort of vamp. But you've no notion what even the ladies of the best families are looking like nowadays.[…]"

1927 September, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Actor and the Alibi”, in The Secret of Father Brown, London, Toronto, Ont.: Cassell and Company, →OCLC, page 148:

Well, her seclusion is considered suspicious. She annoys them by being good-looking and even what is called good style. And all the young men are warned against her as a vamp.

1936, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Vampire of the Village”, in The Penguin Complete Father Brown, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, London: Penguin Books, published 1985, →OCLC, page 707:

[…]strait-laced Sandy, played by Olivia Newton-John, transformed herself into a vamp to bag the man of her dreams

2021 January 2, Katie Hind, “Grease is 'racist, rapey, homophobic and slut-shaming' and should never be shown on TV again, say woke snowflakes”, in The Daily Mail:

A flirtatious, seductive woman, especially one who exploits men by using their sexual desire for her; femme fatale.


vamp

We want a musical-comedy star to vamp a Senator or a member of the Cabinet; we want the protective tariff revised up or down because of an actress' whim; we want scarlet scandal in high life. And we are not likely to get them.

1926 November, Gilbert Seldes, “Exit the Poor Actor!: Out at Elbow No Longer, Our Players To-day are among America’s Most Prosperous Citizens”, in Arthur Hornblow, editor, Theatre Magazine, volume XLIV, number 308, New York, N.Y.: Theatre Magazine Company, →OCLC, page 58, column 4:

"People who lose all their charity generally lose all their logic," remarked Father Brown. "It's rather ridiculous to complain that she keeps to herself; and then accuse her of vamping the whole male population."

She smiled again. Batted her lashes and laid down a few more mascara tracks. Vamping in order to maintain composure.

1990 October, Jonathan Kellerman, chapter 27, in Time Bomb, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 321:

She vamps this month on the cover of British Vogue, a portrait of artfully crafted provocation.

2021 May 4, Ruth La Ferla, “On That Bombshell Billie Eilish Cover for British Vogue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(transitive, intransitive) To seduce or exploit someone.


vamp

Uncertain; possibly related to vamp (etymology 1, above): see the 2008 quotation.

John Mackin is one of the old-timers of the new Department. He was a volunteer fireman as well, […] John Mackin was among the number of "old vamps" who made application to the first Board of Fire Commissioners for appointment in the Paid Department.

1892, “Companies of the Seventh District”, in Our Firemen: The Official History of the Brooklyn Fire Department, from the First Volunteer to the Latest Appointee. Compiled from the Records of the Department, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.: [Brooklyn Fire Department], →OCLC, page 371:

The vamps had to carry their equipment to the fire on foot!

2000, “History of the Atlanta Fire Department”, in History of Service: Atlanta Fire Department Commemorative Yearbook, Paducah, Ky.: Turner Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 25, column 1:

Volunteer firemen are called vamps because they often went to fires on foot, vamp being an old English word for "walk." Syosset's first vamps responded quickly to fires and formed bucket brigades to extinguish them.

2008, John Delin, “The Vamps, Syosset’s Bravest”, in Syosset People and Places (Images of America), Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, →ISBN, page 88:


yoke

From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok from Old English ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.

poikkipuu

linking or supporting object that resembles a yoke

駕駛桿 /驾驶杆

device with crosspieces used to control an aircraft

iugum

unit of land area notionally equivalent to the area a team of yoked draft animals can work in a day

The country children thereabouts wore their dresses to their shoe-tops, but this city child was dressed in what was then called the "Kate Greenaway" manner, and her red cashmere frock, gathered full from the yoke, came almost to the floor.

1913 June, Willa Sibert Cather, chapter I, in O Pioneers!, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company […], →OCLC, part I (The Wild Land), pages 11–12:

The dresses her mother made looked ugly, even obscene, for her breasts were well grown, and the yokes emphasized them, showing flattened bulges under the tight band of material; and the straight falling line of the skit was spoiled by her full hips.

1952, Doris Lessing, chapter 1, in Martha Quest, London: HarperCollinsPublishers, published 1993, →ISBN, part 1, page 28:

Senses relating to a frame around the neck.

Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.

(clothing) The part of an item of clothing which fits around the shoulders or the hips from which the rest of the garment hangs, and which is often distinguished by having a double thickness of material, or decorative flourishes.


zircon

en-noun

zircon (countable and uncountable, plural zircons)

From German Zirkon, possibly via French zircon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of jargoon.

[…] salamanders, mermaids, chimaeras, wild men o’ the woods, leviathans, all hewn from faultless gems, thrice the bulk of a big man’s body, velvet-dark sapphires, chrysolite, beryl, amethyst, and the yellow zircon that is like transparent gold.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 3:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […]. (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(uncountable) A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or grey colour and consisting of silica and zirconia.


zircon

Borrowed from German Zirkon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of jargon.


zircon

zircon (accusative indefinite nominative)
zirconul (accusative definite nominative)
zircon (indefinite)
zirconului (definite)
zirconule (vocative)


blazer

From blaze + -er. Originates from the 'blazing' scarlet jackets worn by members of Lady Margaret Boat Club, the rowing club associated with St. John's College, Cambridge. Compare Old English blæsere, blasere (“burner, incendiary”, literally “blazer”).

(slang, US) One who smokes cannabis; a stoner.


botanical

But where vodka stays neutral, gin is infused with botanicals — a witch’s pantry of roots, berries, herbs, dried fruits and spices — dominated by the piney, breezy aroma of juniper berries.

2007 May 2, Eric Asimov, “No, Really, It Was Tough: 4 People, 80 Martinis”, in New York Times:

(cosmetics, cooking, medicine) Something derived from a botanical, especially herbal, source


brace

brace (accusative indefinite nominative)
bracele (accusative definite nominative)
brace (indefinite)
bracelor (definite)
bracelor (vocative)

Inherited from Latin brācae, plural of brāca.

(rare, Bukovina) underwear, undergarments, drawers, unmentionables