Briton

From Old French Breton, from Latin Brittō or its Celtic equivalent (Welsh Brython). Doublet of Breton and Brython.

At last the Saxons had killed nearly all the Britons, and the few who remained took refuge in the mountains, in that part of the country which we now call Wales, and in Cornwall.

1905, Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall, Our Island Story, page 59:

He writhed for twenty minutes under the flowery and eulogistic periods of the president, and rose himself in the state of confused indignation which the Briton feels when he is publicly approved.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

The ancient Britons were particularly fond of Anglesey, which the Romans knew as Mona.

An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.

brità

ancient Celts in the area of modern England and Wales

the British

native of Great Britain, subject of the UK


Gaul

Borrowed from French Gaule (“Gaul”), from Middle French Gaule (“Gaul”), from Old French Gaule, Waulle (“Gaul”, a term used to translate unrelated Latin Gallia (“Gaul”)), from Frankish *Walha(land) (“Gaul, Land of the Romans, foreigners”), from Proto-West Germanic *walh (“foreigner, Roman, Celt”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“an outlander, foreigner, Celt”), probably of Celtic origin, from the same source as Latin Volcae (name of a Celtic tribe in South Germany, which later emigrated to Gaul).
Akin to Old High German Walh, Walah (“a Celt, Roman, Gaul”), Old English Wealh, Walh (“a non-Germanic foreigner, Celt/Briton/Welshman”), Old Norse Valir (“Gauls, Frenchmen”). More at Wales/Welsh, Cornwall, Walloon, and Vlach/Wallachia.
Despite their similar appearance, Latin Gallia is not the origin of French Gaule. During the evolution from Latin to French, stressed initial /ˈɡa-/ yielded /dʒa/ > /ʒa/ (cf. Latin gamba > French jambe), while unstressed final /-lia/ yielded /ʎə/ > /j/ (cf. Latin filia > French fille). Thus, the regular outcome of Latin Gallia is /ʒaj/ ⟨Jaille⟩, which is attested in several French toponyms: La Jaille-Yvon, Saint-Mars-la-Jaille, etc.


Celt

From Latin Celtae (singular Celta) from Ancient Greek Κελτοί (Keltoí).
English Celts is from the 17th century. Until the mid 19th century, /sɛlt/ is the only recorded pronunciation. A consciously archaizing pronunciation /kɛlt/ was advocated during Irish and Welsh nationalism beginning in the 1850s.

(historical) A member of one of the ancient peoples of Western Europe called Celtae by the Romans.


Celt

cy-noun

Celt m (plural Celtiaid, feminine Celtes)

Celtiaid (plural)
Celtes (feminine)
Celt (mutation mutation-radical)
Gelt (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghelt (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chelt (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Goidel

Learned borrowing from Old Irish Goídel (“Gael”). Doublet of Gael.

learned borrowing

A Gael; a member of the Goidelic division of Celtic languages as opposed to the Brythonic division.


gal

ca-adj

gal (feminine gal·la, masculine plural gals, feminine plural gal·les)

gal·la (feminine)
gals (masculine plural)
gal·les (feminine plural)

Gaulish, Gallic (of or pertaining to Gaul)


Silurian

en-adj

Silurian (comparative more Silurian, superlative most Silurian)

more Silurian (comparative)
most Silurian (superlative)

(archaeology) Of or related to the Silures, a pre-Roman British tribe.


Gal

Galijka (feminine)
Gal (nominative singular)
Galowie (nominative plural)
Gala (genitive singular)
Galów (genitive plural)
Galowi (dative singular)
Galom (dative plural)
Gala (accusative singular)
Galów (accusative plural)
Galem (instrumental singular)
Galami (instrumental plural)
Galu (locative singular)
Galach (locative plural)
Galu (singular vocative)
Galowie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Gallus, probably of Celtic origin.


Gallic

Gallic (comparative more Gallic, superlative most Gallic)

more Gallic (comparative)
most Gallic (superlative)

From Latin Gallicus (“of or related to Gaul”), from Gallia (“Gaul”) + -icus (“-ic: forming adj.”), used archaically in New Latin and English in reference to modern France.

bor

(historical) Of or related to Gaul or the Gauls.

gal

of or relating to ancient Gaul or its inhabitants


Pict

From Latin Pictus, probably rendering a Pictish autonym; see the Latin entry for details. Compare Old English Peohtas, which appears to show the effects of Grimm's law.

A member of an ancient people of northern and central Scotland.


Gaulish

From Old English Gallisċ, equivalent to Gaul + -ish. Doublet of Welsh.

Of or pertaining to the Celtic tribes speaking Gaulish languages.


Caledonian

Someone from the ancient Celtic tribe (or group of tribes) called Caledonians, in Scotland


Galatian

/ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/

A member of an ancient Celtic tribe from Galatia (now part of Turkey)


Remi

la-proper noun

Rēmī m pl (genitive Rēmōrum); second declension

Rēmī (canonical masculine plural)
Rēmōrum (genitive)
Rēmī (nominative plural)
Rēmōrum (genitive plural)
Rēmīs (dative plural)
Rēmōs (accusative plural)
Rēmīs (ablative plural)
Rēmī (plural vocative)

French: Reims

Gaulish/Celtic name meaning "chieftains, first ones," from Proto-Celtic *ɸreimos.

(ancient history) A tribe of Gallia Belgica whose chief town was Durocortorum


Celtiberian

Celtiberian
Celtiberian language
Celtiberians

A member of a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain, before and during the Roman Empire.


Brython

From Welsh Brython. Doublet of Briton and Breton.

A (historical) Briton: a member of that people that spoke Brythonic languages.


gallicus

la-adj

gallicus (feminine gallica, neuter gallicum, adverb gallicē); first/second-declension adjective

gallica (feminine)
gallicum (neuter)
gallicē (adverb)
gallicus (masculine nominative singular)
gallica (feminine nominative singular)
gallicum (neuter nominative singular)
gallicī (masculine nominative plural)
gallicae (feminine nominative plural)
gallica (neuter nominative plural)
gallicī (genitive masculine singular)
gallicae (feminine genitive singular)
gallicī (genitive neuter singular)
gallicōrum (genitive masculine plural)
gallicārum (feminine genitive plural)
gallicōrum (genitive neuter plural)
gallicō (dative masculine singular)
gallicae (dative feminine singular)
gallicō (dative neuter singular)
gallicīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
gallicum (accusative masculine singular)
gallicam (accusative feminine singular)
gallicum (accusative neuter singular)
gallicōs (accusative masculine plural)
gallicās (accusative feminine plural)
gallica (accusative neuter plural)
gallicō (ablative masculine singular)
gallicā (ablative feminine singular)
gallicō (ablative neuter singular)
gallicīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
gallice (masculine singular vocative)
gallica (feminine singular vocative)
gallicum (neuter singular vocative)
gallicī (masculine plural vocative)
gallicae (feminine plural vocative)
gallica (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: galgu

English: Gallic

Old French: galoche (possibly)

French: galoche

→ Middle English: galoche

English: galosh

→ Galician: galocha

Galician: galgo

Old Galician-Portuguese: galgo

Portuguese: galgo

Spanish: galgo

→ Greek: γαλλικός (gallikós)

[ˈɡälːʲɪkʊs̠]

(historical) Gallic, Gaulish, of or related to ancient Gaul and the Gauls


Eburones

A Belgic people of Germanic or Celtic descent who lived in the upper north of Gaul in ancient times.


Helvetic

en-adj

Helvetic (comparative more Helvetic, superlative most Helvetic)

more Helvetic (comparative)
most Helvetic (superlative)

From Latin helveticus, from Helvetii (“the Helvetii”).

the Helvetic confederacy

Helvetic states

Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitants of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions.


Pictish

Pictish (comparative more Pictish, superlative most Pictish)

more Pictish (comparative)
most Pictish (superlative)

The Gothic monarch and the Pictish peer


Arverni

/ɑːɹˈvɜːɹnaɪ/

(historical) A member of an ancient, powerful Gallic tribe living in what is now the Auvergne region of France, who opposed the Romans on several occasions.


Senones

Via Latin from Ancient Greek Σήνωνες (Sḗnōnes), originally the capital of the Gaulish people of the same name.


Senones

la-proper noun

Senonēs or Sēnōnēs m pl (genitive Senonum or Sēnōnum); third declension

Senonēs (canonical)
Sēnōnēs (canonical masculine plural)
Senonum (genitive)
Sēnōnum (genitive)
Senonēs (nominative plural)
Sēnōnēs (nominative plural)
Senonum (genitive plural)
Sēnōnum (genitive plural)
Senonibus (dative plural)
Sēnōnibus (dative plural)
Senonēs (accusative plural)
Sēnōnēs (accusative plural)
Senonibus (ablative plural)
Sēnōnibus (ablative plural)
Senonēs (plural vocative)
Sēnōnēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek Σένονες (Sénones), also found as Σήνωνες (Sḗnōnes), from Gaulish Senones, from Proto-Celtic *senos (“old”).


Hallstatt

The Hallstatt culture of the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age.


Noric

en-adj

Noric (comparative more Noric, superlative most Noric)

more Noric (comparative)
most Noric (superlative)

Of or relating to the ancient region of Noricum.


Gallaeci

An ancient Celtic people who inhabited Gallaecia.


Helvetii

From Latin Helvetii, from a Celtic name. First element from Proto-Celtic *ɸelus (“many”), from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us (“many”); second element said to be from Celtic root *ɸeitu (“grassland, terrain”), which shares an origin with Old Irish íath (“grassland, territory”).

(historical) A Gallic tribe that occupied the plain of Switzerland.


Santoni

English: Santoni

French: Santoni


Santoni

la-proper noun

Santonī m pl (genitive Santonōrum); second declension

Santonī (canonical masculine plural)
Santonōrum (genitive)
Santonī (nominative plural)
Santonōrum (genitive plural)
Santonīs (dative plural)
Santonōs (accusative plural)
Santonīs (ablative plural)
Santonī (plural vocative)

Celtic/Gaulish name, from Proto-Celtic *swantos (“desire”).


Iceni

(historical) A Brythonic tribe in Britannia who inhabited an area corresponding roughly to the modern-day county of Norfolk, from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD.


Iceni

Icēnī m pl (genitive Icēnōrum); second declension

Icēnī (canonical masculine plural)
Icēnōrum (genitive)
Icēnī (nominative plural)
Icēnōrum (genitive plural)
Icēnīs (dative plural)
Icēnōs (accusative plural)
Icēnīs (ablative plural)
Icēnī (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Brythonic *uxī (“ox”), from *uxsū, from Proto-Celtic *uksōn, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn. Or, from a Celtic source representing modern Welsh echen (“lineage, stock, tribe”), which could be from Proto-Indo-European *peg- (“side, flank, breast”).


Astur

Of Celtic, possibly Celtiberian origin. The name could ultimately be related to the Phoenician goddess Astarte.

A member of a tribe in northern Spain until the first century BC.


Hallstattian

From Hallstatt + -ian. Some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the Celts was found in Hallstatt.

Of or relating to the Hallstatt culture, often linked to Celtic, Proto-Celtic, and pre-Illyrian peoples in Early Iron Age Europe, c.800–450 BC.


Boadicea

la-prop

Boadicēa f sg (genitive Boadicēae); first declension

Boadicēa (canonical feminine singular)
Boadicēae (genitive)

[boäd̪iˈt͡ʃɛːä]

Alternative spelling of Boudicēa (“queen of the Iceni tribe”)


Noricum

(historical) A Celtic state and later Roman province, approximately corresponding to modern Austria.


Boudicca

Boudicca f sg (genitive Boudiccae); first declension

[boʊˈd̪ɪkːä]


Vindelici

(historical) A former Celtic people of Switzerland and southern Germany.


Turdetani

/ˌtʊəɹdɛˈtɑni/

(historical) A tribe of Hispania Baetica who lived near the Turduli.


Vocontii

la-proper noun

Vocontiī m pl (genitive Vocontiōrum); second declension

Vocontiī (canonical masculine plural)
Vocontiōrum (genitive)
Vocontiī (nominative plural)
Vocontiōrum (genitive plural)
Vocontiīs (dative plural)
Vocontiōs (accusative plural)
Vocontiīs (ablative plural)
Vocontiī (plural vocative)

A Gaulish tribe, who dwelt between the Rhône and the Alps


Cassi

Cassī m pl (genitive Cassōrum); second declension

Cassī (canonical masculine plural)
Cassōrum (genitive)
Cassī (nominative plural)
Cassōrum (genitive plural)
Cassīs (dative plural)
Cassōs (accusative plural)
Cassīs (ablative plural)
Cassī (plural vocative)

Trinovantibus defensis atque ab omni militum iniuria prohibitis, Cenimagni, Segontiaci, Ancalites, Bibroci, Cassi legationibus missis sese Caesari dedunt.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.21

The Trinobantes being protected and secured from any violence of the soldiers, the Cenimagni, the Segontiaci, the Ancalites, the Bibroci, and the Cassi, sending embassies, surrendered themselves to Caesar.

A Celtic tribe of Britannia, mentioned by Caesar.


Trinovantes

Trinovantēs m pl (genitive Trinovantium); third declension

Trinovantēs (canonical masculine plural)
Trinovantium (genitive)
Trinovantēs (nominative plural)
Trinovantium (genitive plural)
Trinovantibus (dative plural)
Trinovantēs (accusative plural)
Trinovantīs (accusative plural)
Trinovantibus (ablative plural)
Trinovantēs (plural vocative)


Trinobantes

Trinobantēs m pl (genitive Trinobantium); third declension

Trinobantēs (canonical masculine plural)
Trinobantium (genitive)
Trinobantēs (nominative plural)
Trinobantium (genitive plural)
Trinobantibus (dative plural)
Trinobantēs (accusative plural)
Trinobantīs (accusative plural)
Trinobantibus (ablative plural)
Trinobantēs (plural vocative)

A Celtic tribe of Britannia, whose capital was Camulodunum


Boii

(historical) A Gallic tribe of the later Iron Age.


Boii

Boiī m pl (genitive Boiōrum); second declension

Boiī (canonical masculine plural)
Boiōrum (genitive)
Boiī (nominative plural)
Boiōrum (genitive plural)
Boiīs (dative plural)
Boiōs (accusative plural)
Boiīs (ablative plural)
Boiī (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: Βόιοι (Bóioi)

From Proto-Celtic *bāus, said to be partly assimilated from words for cow and warrior. Compare Ancient Greek Βόιοι (Bóioi). More at Boii.

A Celtic tribe established between the Padus and the Apennines, in an area corresponding to today's Emilia-Romagna


Lepontii

The Lepontii, an Alpine Celtic tribe, who dwelt in the valleys of the south side of the Alps, in roughly Switzerland.


Dumnonian

From Dumnonia + -an. Doublet of Devonian.


Treveri

Trēverī m pl (genitive Trēverōrum); second declension

Trēverī (canonical masculine plural)
Trēverōrum (genitive)
Trēverī (nominative plural)
Trēverōrum (genitive plural)
Trēverīs (dative plural)
Trēverōs (accusative plural)
Trēverīs (ablative plural)
Trēverī (plural vocative)

Gaulish name, from Proto-Celtic *trē-uer-o (“river crossers”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“through, throughout, over”) + *h₂ékʷeh₂ (“water”).

der

A tribe of Gallia Belgica whose chief town was Augusta Treverorum


Aedui

A Gallic tribe of Gallia Lugdunensis whose chief town was Bibracte


Parisii

A Celtic tribe of Gallia Lugdunensis, whose chief town was Lutetia; Paris, the capital of France, is named after them.

A British Celtic tribe located somewhere within the present-day East Riding of Yorkshire, in England, known from a single reference by Ptolemy, and possibly connected with the more widely known Parisii of Gaul.


Santones

la-proper noun

Santonēs m pl (genitive Santonum); third declension

Santonēs (canonical masculine plural)
Santonum (genitive)
Santonēs (nominative plural)
Santonum (genitive plural)
Santonibus (dative plural)
Santonēs (accusative plural)
Santonibus (ablative plural)
Santonēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠än̪t̪ɔneːs̠]


Pictones

(historical) A Celtic tribe of Aquitania, whose capital was Limonum.


Boudicea

la-prop

Boudicēa f sg (genitive Boudicēae); first declension

Boudicēa (canonical feminine singular)
Boudicēae (genitive)
Boudicēa (nominative singular)
Boudicēae (genitive singular)
Boudicēae (dative singular)
Boudicēam (accusative singular)
Boudicēā (ablative singular)
Boudicēa (singular vocative)

desc

English: Boudica, Boadicea, Boudicea, Boudicca

Norwegian Bokmål: Boudicca

Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *Boudīkā, from *boudīkos (“victorious”). Cognate with Welsh Buddug.

c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Agricola 16

c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 14.31


La Tène

A European Iron Age culture, apparently Celtic.


Ancalites

la-proper noun

Ancalitēs m pl (genitive Ancalitum); third declension

Ancalitēs (canonical masculine plural)
Ancalitum (genitive)
Ancalitēs (nominative plural)
Ancalitum (genitive plural)
Ancalitibus (dative plural)
Ancalitēs (accusative plural)
Ancalitibus (ablative plural)
Ancalitēs (plural vocative)

[äŋkäˈlʲiːt̪eːs̠]


Gallicus

la-adj

Gallicus (feminine Gallica, neuter Gallicum, adverb Gallicē); first/second-declension adjective

Gallica (feminine)
Gallicum (neuter)
Gallicē (adverb)
Gallicus (masculine nominative singular)
Gallica (feminine nominative singular)
Gallicum (neuter nominative singular)
Gallicī (masculine nominative plural)
Gallicae (feminine nominative plural)
Gallica (neuter nominative plural)
Gallicī (genitive masculine singular)
Gallicae (feminine genitive singular)
Gallicī (genitive neuter singular)
Gallicōrum (genitive masculine plural)
Gallicārum (feminine genitive plural)
Gallicōrum (genitive neuter plural)
Gallicō (dative masculine singular)
Gallicae (dative feminine singular)
Gallicō (dative neuter singular)
Gallicīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Gallicum (accusative masculine singular)
Gallicam (accusative feminine singular)
Gallicum (accusative neuter singular)
Gallicōs (accusative masculine plural)
Gallicās (accusative feminine plural)
Gallica (accusative neuter plural)
Gallicō (ablative masculine singular)
Gallicā (ablative feminine singular)
Gallicō (ablative neuter singular)
Gallicīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Gallice (masculine singular vocative)
Gallica (feminine singular vocative)
Gallicum (neuter singular vocative)
Gallicī (masculine plural vocative)
Gallicae (feminine plural vocative)
Gallica (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈɡälːʲɪkʊs̠]

Alternative letter-case form of gallicus


Boadica

la-prop

Boadica f sg (genitive Boadicae); first declension


Bouducea

Bouducēa f sg (genitive Bouducēae); first declension

Bouducēa (canonical feminine singular)
Bouducēae (genitive)


Bibroci

la-proper noun

Bibrocī m pl (genitive Bibrocōrum); second declension

Bibrocī (canonical masculine plural)
Bibrocōrum (genitive)
Bibrocī (nominative plural)
Bibrocōrum (genitive plural)
Bibrocīs (dative plural)
Bibrocōs (accusative plural)
Bibrocīs (ablative plural)
Bibrocī (plural vocative)


Segontiaci

Segontiacī m pl (genitive Segontiacōrum); second declension

Segontiacī (canonical masculine plural)
Segontiacōrum (genitive)
Segontiacī (nominative plural)
Segontiacōrum (genitive plural)
Segontiacīs (dative plural)
Segontiacōs (accusative plural)
Segontiacīs (ablative plural)
Segontiacī (plural vocative)

[s̠ɛɡɔn̪ˈt̪iäkiː]


Cenimagni

Cenimagnī m pl (genitive Cenimagnōrum); second declension

Cenimagnī (canonical masculine plural)
Cenimagnōrum (genitive)
Cenimagnī (nominative plural)
Cenimagnōrum (genitive plural)
Cenimagnīs (dative plural)
Cenimagnōs (accusative plural)
Cenimagnīs (ablative plural)
Cenimagnī (plural vocative)

A Celtic tribe of Britannia, mentioned by Julius Caesar.


Esubii

Esubiī m pl (genitive Esubiōrum); second declension

Esubiī (canonical masculine plural)
Esubiōrum (genitive)
Esubiī (nominative plural)
Esubiōrum (genitive plural)
Esubiīs (dative plural)
Esubiōs (accusative plural)
Esubiīs (ablative plural)
Esubiī (plural vocative)


Trevir

Trēvir m (genitive Trēvirī); second declension

Trēvir (canonical masculine)
Trēvirī (genitive)
Trēvir (nominative singular)
Trēvirī (nominative plural)
Trēvirī (genitive singular)
Trēvirōrum (genitive plural)
Trēvirō (dative singular)
Trēvirīs (dative plural)
Trēvirum (accusative singular)
Trēvirōs (accusative plural)
Trēvirō (ablative singular)
Trēvirīs (ablative plural)
Trēvir (singular vocative)
Trēvirī (plural vocative)

Diebus circiter XV, quibus in hiberna ventum est, initium repentini tumultus ac defectionis ortum est ab Ambiorige et Catuvolco; qui, cum ad fines regni sui Sabino Cottaeque praesto fuissent frumentumque in hiberna comportavissent, Indutiomari Treveri nuntiis impulsi suos concitaverunt subitoque oppressis lignatoribus magna manu ad castra oppugnatum venerunt.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.26

About fifteen days after they had come into winter-quarters, the beginning of a sudden insurrection and revolt arose from Ambiorix and Catuvolcus, who, though they had met with Sabinus and Cotta at the borders of their kingdom, and had conveyed corn into our winter-quarters, induced by the messages of Indutiomarus, one of the Treveri, excited their people, and after having suddenly assailed the soldiers engaged in procuring wood, came with a large body to attack the camp.

A member of the Treveri, ancient Celtic tribe in Gallia Belgica whose chief town was Augusta Treverorum


celtiber

ca-noun

celtiber m (plural celtibers, feminine celtibera)


gàlata

Learned borrowing from Latin Galata, from Ancient Greek Γᾰλᾰ́της (Galátēs), from Proto-Celtic.


brità

ca-adj

brità (feminine britana, masculine plural britans, feminine plural britanes)

britana (feminine)
britans (masculine plural)
britanes (feminine plural)

British (pertaining or relating to the Celtic Britons)


brità

(historical) Briton (Celtic inhabitant of Roman Britain)


галльський

uk-adj

га́лльський • (hállʹsʹkyj)

га́лльський (canonical)
hállʹsʹkyj (romanization)

Uk-галльський.ogg