meeting

en-noun

meeting (countable and uncountable, plural meetings)

Belizean Creole: meetn

Bislama: miting

Krio: meeting

Pijin: miting

Tok Pisin: miting

Torres Strait Creole: miting

→ Australian Kriol: miding, miting

→ Bulgarian: митинг (miting)

→ Catalan: míting

→ Crimean Tatar: miting

→ Czech: meeting, mítink

→ French: meeting

→ Galician: mitin

→ Italian: meeting

→ Japanese: ミーティング

→ Korean: 미팅 (miting)

→ Latvian: mītiņš

→ Lithuanian: mitingas

→ Macedonian: митинг (miting)

→ Ottoman Turkish: میتینغ (miting)

Turkish: miting

→ Persian: میتینگ (miting)

→ Polish: myting

→ Portuguese: meeting

desctree

→ Russian: ми́тинг (míting), ми́тингъ (míting) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: միտինգ (miting)
→ Azerbaijani: mitinq
→ Georgian: მიტინგი (miṭingi)
→ Kazakh: митинг (mitiñ)
→ Kyrgyz: митинг (miting)
→ Yiddish: מיטינג (miting)

→ Serbo-Croatian: miting / митинг

→ Spanish: meeting, mitin, mitín

→ Tagalog: miting

From Middle English meeting, meting, from Old English mēting, ġemēting (“meeting, assembly, association, society”), equivalent to meet + -ing. Cognate with West Frisian moeting (“meeting, encounter”), Dutch ontmoeting (“meeting, encounter”), Middle Low German mö̂tinge (“meeting”). Compare also German Low German Möte (“meeting, encounter”), Danish møde (“meeting, encounter”), Swedish möte (“meeting, encounter”), Icelandic mót (“meeting”). Related to moot.

cog

Denver meeting is a part of Intermountain yearly meeting.

(Quakerism) An administrative unit in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).


thou

en-verb

thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)

thous (present singular third-person)
thouing (participle present)
thoued (participle past)
thoued (past)

From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.

Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children

Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.

c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:

[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.

c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:

Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.

1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:

What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]

1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:

The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.

1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:

Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear "thouing" us, were they to be made queens for it.

1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:

"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely," said Lalun. "Wilt thou"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?["]

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:

In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].

1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:

(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.

tutiar

to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun

μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)


thee

head

thee (second-person singular, objective case, nominative thou, reflexive thyself)

From Middle English þe, from Old English þē (“thee”, originally dative, but later also accusative), from Proto-Germanic *þiz (“thee”), from Proto-Indo-European *te (“second-person singular pronoun”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian die (“thee”), West Frisian dy (“thee”), German Low German di (“thee”), German dir (“thee”, dative pron.), Icelandic þér (“thee”). More at thou.

inh

[H]e immediately perceived when I was taken ill, and, after seeing Mama, said to me "I am afraid Thee art not well thyself?"

1773, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, page 23:

"He says he's our man, Bildad," said Peleg, "he wants to ship."
"Dost thee?" said Bildad, in a hollow tone

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Ship”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 84:

"What does thee want, father?" said Rachel.

1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin:


Quaker

From quake + -er; a name given to members of the Religious Society of Friends, supposedly by the magistrates Gervase Bennet and Nathaniel Barton, when George Fox "bade them tremble at the word of the Lord"; the term was previously applied to certain people who trembled or quaked during religious devotions.

The demon of fanaticism was the shape which it took with us; and verily, what with religious republicans, harmonists, quakers, fifth-monarchy men, Presbyterians, and the reign of the saints upon earth, it needs the strong hand of a Cromwell to reduce the spiritual chaos to any sort of order.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter III, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 35:

A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.


thine

From Middle English thyn, þyn, from Old English þīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz. Cognate to German dein, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian din, Faroese tín and Icelandic þinn.

Thine oxe shall be slaine before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof: thine asse shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shal not be restored to thee: thy sheepe shall bee giuen vnto thine enemies, and thou shalt haue none to rescue them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 28:31:

Thine alabaster cities gleam / Undimmed by human tears!

1895, “America the Beautiful”, Katharine Lee Bates (lyrics), Samuel A. Ward (music):

(archaic) Singular second person prevocalic possessive determiner (preconsonantal form: thy).


thine

But if I finish all of my chores and you finish thine / Then tonight we're gonna party like it's 1699

1996, Weird Al Yankovic (lyrics and music), “Amish Paradise”, in Bad Hair Day:

(archaic) Singular second person possessive pronoun; yours


silence

en-noun

silence (usually uncountable, plural silences)

From Middle English silence, from Old French silence, from Latin silentium (“silence”), from silēns (“quiet, silent”, present participle of silēre) + -ium. Displaced native Old English swīġe.

af

present participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">silēre</i>

During silence a message came to me that there was that of God in every person.

Refraining from speaking, for purposes of prayer or meditation; especially, a form of worship practiced by the Society of Friends (Quakers) during meetings.


affirmation

en-noun

affirmation (countable and uncountable, plural affirmations)

From Old French afermacion, from Latin affirmare (“to assert”). Doublet of affirmatio.

That which is affirmed; a declaration that something is true.

(law) A solemn pledge (to tell the truth, to bear allegiance, etc.), legally equivalent to an oath, taken by people who are forbidden to take a religious oath (such as Quakers) or otherwise prefer not to do so.

A form of self-forced meditation or repetition; autosuggestion.

إِيحَاء ذَاتِيّ

ʔīḥāʔ ḏātiyy


clerk

From Middle English clerc, from Old English clerc, from Late Latin clēricus (“priest, clergyman, cleric”, also generally “learned man, clerk”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós, “of the clergy”, adj. in church jargon), from κλῆρος (klêros, “lot, inheritance”, originally “shard used in casting lots”). Doublet of cleric.

der

(Quakerism) A facilitator of a Quaker meeting for business affairs.


elder

en-verb

elder (third-person singular simple present elders, present participle eldering, simple past and past participle eldered)

elders (present singular third-person)
eldering (participle present)
eldered (participle past)
eldered (past)

From Middle English eldre, from Old English eldra, yldra, ieldra, from Proto-Germanic *alþizô. The vowel change from a to e triggered by the following i is called umlaut or I-mutation.

I was eldered for directly responding to someone else's message in meeting for worship.

(Quakerism) To admonish or reprove for improper conduct by the elders of the meeting.


unity

en-noun

unity (countable and uncountable, plural unities)

George B. McClellan
George Meade
Ulysses S. Grant
William Rosecrans
William Tecumseh Sherman
unity

Etymology tree
Middle English unite
English unity
From Middle English unite, from Anglo-Norman, Old French unité, from Latin ūnitās, from ūnus (“one”) + noun of state suffix -itās, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”), hence distantly related to one and an. Displaced native Old English ānnes (literally “oneness”).

der

(Quakerism) The form of consensus in a Quaker meeting for business which signals that a decision has been reached. In order to achieve unity, everyone who does not agree with the decision must explicitly stand aside, possibly being recorded in the minutes as doing so.


gathered

en-adj

gathered (comparative more gathered, superlative most gathered)

more gathered (comparative)
most gathered (superlative)

Today evidence for a gathered meeting comes from the phenomenon which the psychologist Carl F. Jung described as "synchronicity", a connecting principle or communication without any apparent external cause.

1988, George T. Peck, What is Quakerism, A Primer:

(Quakerism) focused, centered, achieving a state of shared mysticism.


Friend

English surname, from the noun friend, or adaptations of it in other languages such as German Freund, Dutch Vriend, Slovene Prijatelj.

A Quaker; a member of the Society of Friends. (See also Friends.)


Orthodox

Orthodox (comparative more Orthodox, superlative most Orthodox)

more Orthodox (comparative)
most Orthodox (superlative)

Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church

Oriental Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodox Church

(Christianity, loosely) Of or pertaining to a particular Orthodox Church, usually the Eastern Orthodox Church, sometimes the Oriental Orthodox Church or the Church of the East.

[...which] Doherty hypothesized as the controlling variable for predicting who would become Orthodox or who would be Hicksite.

2006, Martha Paxson Grundy, The Evolution of a Quaker Community: Middletown Meeting, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1750-1850:

(Quakerism) Of or pertaining to the Orthodox Quakers, a group of Quakers (subdivided into the Wilburite, Gurneyite and Beaconite branches) who split with the Hicksite Quakers due to favoring adopting mainstream Protestant orthodoxy.


conventicle

From Late Middle English conventicle, conventicule (“a gathering, meeting (especially a secret or unlawful one); (derogatory) a church”), from Latin conventiculum (“assembly; meeting (or the place involved); association”), from conventus (“assembled, convened”) + -culum (suffix forming noun diminutives), perfect passive participle of conveniō (“to assemble, convene, meet together”), from con- (“together, with”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“along, at, next to, with”)) + veniō (“to approach, come”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”) + *-yéti (suffix forming intransitive, imperfective verbs)).


meetinghouse

A building where a Quaker congregation assembles for worship.


programmed

(Quakerism) having a minister or pastor who conducts religious services.


Quakerism

en-noun

Quakerism (countable and uncountable, plural Quakerisms)

Rorem befuddled Robert J. by proclaiming himself a devout Quaker who "does not believe in God," explaining that his Quakerism lies in his devotion to humanity and that he "envies" those who are able to believe in God.

1984 April 21, Richard Knisely, “Ned Rorem on His Art”, in Gay Community News, page 17:

The belief system of the members of the Religious Society of Friends, an ostensibly Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century.

kveekarismi

belief system of the Religious Society of Friends


Quakerly

en-adj

Quakerly (comparative more Quakerly, superlative most Quakerly)

more Quakerly (comparative)
most Quakerly (superlative)

Those pretty curls were not Quakerly.


unprogrammed

Newcomers into an unprogrammed meeting often conclude that there is no minister, but such is not the case, for in one way or another all Friends are ministers.

(Quakerism) Having religious services that take the form of silent group meditation.


churchhouse

As a result, compassion is left at the churchhouse door, and the truly needy must look elsewhere for help.

2007 November 1, “Missing Compassion”, in New York Times:

A Quaker building used as a church and meeting-place.


Quakerish

Quakerish (comparative more Quakerish, superlative most Quakerish)

more Quakerish (comparative)
most Quakerish (superlative)

She wore a Quakerish grey dress.

(dated) Suggesting or pertaining to the Quakers.


broadbrim

(humorous or derogatory, dated, often capitalized) A Quaker.


Hicksite

(US, historical) A member or follower of the liberal party, headed by Elias Hicks, which, because of a change of views respecting the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative portion of the Quakers in 1827.


Quakeristic

Quakeristic (comparative more Quakeristic, superlative most Quakeristic)

more Quakeristic (comparative)
most Quakeristic (superlative)


Beaconite

(historical) A supporter of English Quaker Isaac Crewdson and his book A Beacon to the Society of Friends, which claimed that too much emphasis was placed by Quakers on the Inner Light at the expense of Biblical authority.


Nicholite

From Nichols + -ite, after Joseph Nichols.

A member of a Quaker-influenced religious movement formed in the 1700s.


Quakerize

en-verb

Quakerize (third-person singular simple present Quakerizes, present participle Quakerizing, simple past and past participle Quakerized)

Quakerizes (present singular third-person)
Quakerizing (participle present)
Quakerized (participle past)
Quakerized (past)

(transitive) To convert or adapt to the Quaker religion.


recording clerk

en-noun

recording clerk (plural recording clerks)

(Quakerism) The member of a Quaker meeting for business that takes the minutes.


monthly meeting

monthly meeting (plural monthly meetings)

(Quakerism) The basic unit of administration in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), which typically meets for services weekly, and holds a business meeting once a month.

(Quakerism) A religious service held by a monthly meeting.


Peculiar People

In reference to any of several places in the Bible where "a peculiar people", a people set apart from others, is mentioned, such as Deuteronomy 14:2, 1 Peter 2:9, and Titus 2:14: for example, "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God, and the Lord hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth" (Deuteronomy 14:2).

(Christianity) Any of several Christian sects who have used this biblical description as a self-appellation, as:

(historical) A Christian movement, originally an offshoot of the Wesleyan denomination, founded in 1838 in Rochford, Essex.


steeplehouse

In this Yeare (1659) Mary Akehurst, the Wife of Ralph Akehurst, of the Cliff, Neare Lewis, Beeing moved to goe to St Michals' Steeplehouse (soe called), where an Independent priest was speaking, she, for Asking him a question, was by people Haled out, and then sent for her aforesaid Husband, who after shee came home, Did so hunch and Pincht her, that she Could not Lift her armes to her head.

1864, “The Sufferings of the Quakers in Lewes”, in Sussex Archaeological Collections Relating to the History and Antiquities of the County, Volume 16, page 76:

When we came into the town to bait, the bells rang. I asked what they rang for, and they said for me to preach in the steeplehouse. After some time I felt drawings that way; and as I walked to the steeplehouse, I saw the people were gathered together in the yard. The priest would have had me go into the steeplehouse (this man afterwards became a Friend), but I said, 'nay, it was no matter.'

1865, The “Friend” in His Family, page 230:

When the people went to the steeplehouse, I took my Bible under my arm, and went to Justice Corbet's house to let him see I was going.

1897, Samuel Harris Fox, Edwin Tregelles, The Hat Crusade - Volume 3, page 166:

And so as we travelled along the country I espied a steeplehouse and I asked them what steeplehouse it was, and they said Dunbar, and it struck at my life that I should have a meeting the next day in the steeplehouse yard.


rising seat

(religion) A seat in a Quaker meeting, occupied by ministers and elders.


select meeting

(religion) A Quaker meeting of ministers and elders.


Wilburite

(Christianity) A Quaker who supports the ideas of the minister John Wilbur (1774–1856); a member or adherent of the Conservative Friends.


Gurneyite

(Christianity) A Quaker who supports the ideas of the minister Joseph John Gurney, generally following evangelical doctrines on Jesus Christ, the Atonement, and the Bible.


Public Friend

Alternative letter-case form of public Friend


public Friend

Friend denoted a member of the Society of Friends i.e. a Quaker.

Thomas Story [1670?–1742], a public Friend and the Recorder of the city, has also spoken of this calamity [an excessively hot summer in 1699] in his Journal, as being a scourge which carried off from six to eight of the inhabitants daily, [...in total] about 220, of whom about 80 to 90 were of the Society of Friends.

1830, John Fanning Watson, Annals of Philadelphia, being a collection of memoirs, page 599:

George Gray, a public Friend, who had come from Barbadoes early to settle in Pennsylvania, this year returned thither again in the service of the ministry.

1846, Robert Smith, editor, The Friend, volume 1, page 172:

[...] through the wilderness four hundred miles or more, where no public Friend had ever travelled before: the journey was perilous, but the Lord was with him; who may, in his own time, make way for his servants in those desert places.

1857, The Friend: A Religious and Literary Journal, page 188:

Because Quakers eschewed a professional ministry and formal ordination, their ministers—public Friends—operated with relatively few restrictions in comparison, for example, with conformist or Presbyterian clergy. […] A certificate amounted to a meeting's stamp of approval that the bearer was qualified to be a public Friend. For a public Friend about to embark on "truth's service," the monthly meeting provided a certificate, as the Dublin men did for Anthony ...

1997, Richard L. Greaves, God's Other Children: Protestant Nonconformists and the Emergence of Denominational Churches in Ireland, 1660-1700, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 295:

As late as the 1750s the actions of Public Friends were considered to be strange, and their motivations unknowable, even sometimes to fellow Quakers. Repetitious, wide-ranging travel was dangerous and painful in this period.

2014, Amanda E. Herbert, Female Alliances: Gender, Identity, and Friendship in Early Modern Britain, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 145:

A Quaker authorized to travel between meetings and communities to preach; a Quaker preacher (in the 18th and 19th centuries).


Universal Friends

Before the Universal Friends left New England, they had, according to their means, contributed and pledged themselves to contribute to a joint fund for the purchase of land, […]

1873, Stafford Canning Cleveland, History and Directory of Yates County, page 56:

A typewritten manuscript, […] compiled by the Rev. Willoughby Newton, traces the history of the Universal Friends' meetinghouse in New Milford.

1965 (edition: 2009), Herbert A. Wisbey, Jr., Pioneer Prophetess, page 222

At the time of the Revolution itself, however, the new sects that were both the most coherent and the most fully imbued with their own sense of millennial mission were the Shakers and the Universal Friends.

1988, Ruth H. Bloch, Visionary Republic: Millennial Themes in American Thought, page 88:

Despite their obvious similarities (both, for instance, used dreams and visions as vehicles of prophetic expression, and both incorporated millennial themes in their soteriology), the Shakers and the Universal Friends offered dramatically different models of spiritual authority […]

1996, Susan Juster, Lisa MacFarlane, A Mighty Baptism: Race, Gender, and the Creation of American Protestantism, page 34:

Among the signatures attached to the document was that of its author, James Parker. Joining his name are those of several other Universal Friends who had turned against the prophet […]

2015, Paul B. Moyer, The Public Universal Friend: Jemima Wilkinson and Religious Enthusiasm in Revolutionary America, Cornell University Press, page 169

(historical) An American Quaker (Christian) sect (from the 1770s to 1860s), the "Society of Universal Friends", which followed the teachings of the Public Universal Friend.


Free Quaker

The flags used by the army were made by a "Free Quaker woman," who was on this account disowned by the meeting of which she was a member. Many other services were openly rendered by Friends […]

1896, Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine, page 836:

We met no one on the way save a farmer or two, and here, being near to the Schuylkill, my old master farrier took leave of me at the farm of Edward Masters, which lay in our way, and commended me to the care of this good Free Quaker.

1897, Silas Weir Mitchell, Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker, Sometime Brevet Lieutenant-colonel on the Staff of His Excellency General Washington, page 290:

In 1782 the Philadelphia Free Quakers, who had been conducting their meetings in private residences to that time, purchased a lot […] for the construction of a Free Quaker meetinghouse.

1990, William C. Kashatus, Conflict of Conviction: A Reappraisal of Quaker Involvement in the American Revolution, University Press of America, →ISBN, page 131:

Philadelphia, he said, had thirty-four places of worship representing eighteen religious sects: three Swedish churches, three Quaker, one Free Quaker, three Episcopal, one Baptist, two Presbyterian, four Catholic, two German Lutheran, […]

2001, Joyce Oldham Appleby, INHERITING THE REVOLUTION, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 201:

Born in 1736, Wetherill began his career in Philadelphia as a carpenter. Although he was also a Quaker preacher, he actively supported the Revolution and was one of the leaders of the pro-Revolutionary Free Quaker movement.

2010, Lawrence A. Peskin, Manufacturing Revolution: The Intellectual Origins of Early American Industry, JHU Press, →ISBN:

A splinter group of Friends, the Free Quakers, supported the patriot cause, […]

2018, Mitchell K. Hall, Opposition to War: An Encyclopedia of U.S. Peace and Antiwar Movements [2 volumes], ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 36:

(historical) A member of a now largely defunct American Quaker (Christian) sect which did not adhere to the Peace Testimony and therefore supported or engaged in military action during the American Revolutionary War.


Quakerist

From his second year at Haverford Arishima began to read Quakerist classics like the Journal of George Fox (1694) and works written about Quakerism like […] The Life of William Penn (1882).

1981, Harold Bolitho, Alan Rix, Japanese Studies Association of Australia, A Northern prospect: Australian papers on Japan

DUNKERS, a sect of Quakerist Baptists in the United States.

1920, P. Austin Nuttall, J. Wood, The Nuttall Encyclopedia, Library of Alexandria, →ISBN:

WASPS have a great churchgoing tradition, belonging as they do, to Baptists, Methodist, Quakerist, or even Calvinist or Lutheran congregations, and there is nothing like a maiden trained in complete submission to the will of her master.

Yet neither Pennsylvania's Quakerist tendencies toward gender equality nor Connecticut's legacy of radical Protestantism prevented these two colonies from sacrificing a widow's rights to commercial considerations.

1997, Carol Berkin, First Generations: Women in Colonial America, Hill and Wang, →ISBN:

Jones does attempt to differentiate Platonic from “New Testament” mysticism, in keeping with his Quakerist Protestantism, but for all that he is compelled to acknowledge that Platonism is the headwaters of all European mysticism.

2017, Arthur Versluis, Platonic Mysticism: Contemplative Science, Philosophy, Literature, and Art, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 38:


Wilkinsonian

She began to preach, announcing herself as "the Publick Universal Friend," and soon [...succeeded] in organizing groups of Wilkinsonian celibates at New Milford, Conn., and at East Greenwich and South Kingston, R.I.

1939, Henry Louis Mencken, [New] American Mercury, page 293:

J. Hagadorn Wells, who was born in Kingston (Little Rest) in 1817, recalled in his reminiscences, recorded in 1897: "[…] more than once I joined a raiding party of young fellows, to ransack the empty apartments, scare up the ghosts of generations of rural gentry and Wilkinsonian saints, dead; but never omitting a less romantic visit to the pear trees."

2009, Herbert A. Wisbey, Jr., Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson, the Publick Universal Friend, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 208:

Moreover, not every resident of Jerusalem was a devoted Universal Friend; […] Even so, Wilkinson appeared to be making inroads. Historians have missed this Wilkinsonian renaissance, perhaps because they have been influenced by the repeated insistence of anti-Wilkinsonians that her influence was in decline […]

2017, Adam Jortner, Blood from the Sky: Miracles and Politics in the Early American Republic, University of Virginia Press, →ISBN:

Pertaining to the Quaker preacher Jemima Wilkinson, known as the Public Universal Friend, or to the Society of Universal Friends.


Wilkinsonian

The Wilkinsonians are equally to the present point. They lived, for the most part, not more than twenty- five miles from Manchester, New York, the town in which Mormonism was first preached; […]

1994, Ruth Kauffman, Reginald Wright Kauffman, The Latter Day Saints: A Study of the Mormons in the Light of Economic Conditions, University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 12:

Yet Wilkinsonians (or the Universal Friends, as they dubbed themselves), despite their obscurity, provide a crucial case study. The prophetic and supernatural claims of the Wilkinsonians preceded all their contemporaries, but […]

A follower of the Quaker preacher Jemima Wilkinson, known as the Public Universal Friend; a member of the Universal Friends.


Wilkinsonianism

(rare) The religious beliefs and practices of the Quaker preacher Jemima Wilkinson, known as the Public Universal Friend, and of the Society of Universal Friends.


Third Day

Used (like also First Month in place of January, etc) to avoid the "pagan" implications/etymology of the traditional name.

(Christianity, Quakerism) Tuesday (the third day of the Judeo-Christian seven day week)


Fourth Day

(Christianity, Quakerism) Wednesday (the fourth day of the Judeo-Christian seven day week)


First Day

Used (like also First Month in place of January, etc) to avoid the pagan history/etymology of the traditional name.

(Christianity, Quakerism) Sunday (the first day of the Judeo-Christian seven day week)


Fifth Day

(Christianity, Quakerism) Thursday (the fifth day of the Judeo-Christian seven day week)


Seventh Day

Used (like First Month in place of January, etc) to avoid the "pagan" implications/etymology of the traditional name.

(Christianity, Quakerism) Saturday (the seventh day of the Judeo-Christian seven day week)


Sixth Day

(Christianity, Quakerism) Friday (the sixth day of the Judeo-Christian seven day week)


Second Day

(Christianity, Quakerism) Monday (the second day of the Judeo-Christian seven day week)


Gurneyism

The religious principles of Joseph John Gurney (1788–1847), Quaker minister who brought about a schism among American Quakers.


Hicksism

(US, historical) The religious principles of the Hicksites.


plain dress

A style of clothing emphasizing simplicity and modesty, traditionally worn by several Protestant groups including Mennonites, Hutterites, Amish people, Quakers, and Moravians.


area meeting

(Quakerism) A monthly meeting, but one that does not necessarily meet on a monthly basis.


plain speech

Another element of the “plain speech” is the use of such terms as “farewell” for “good day”—which is declared to be untruthful on bad days!

1907, Warren Hugh Wilson, Quaker Hill: A Sociological Study, page 35:

(Quakerism) A distinctive Quaker dialect of English, reformed on religious grounds and characterized by features such as use of the pronoun “thou” and numerical names for months and days of the week.