port

→ Hindi: पोर्ट (porṭ)

→ Russian: порт (port)

desc

→ Thai: พอร์ต (pɔ̂ɔt)

→ Thai: พอร์ต (pɔ̂ɔt)

From Old English port, borrowed from Latin portus (“port, harbour”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (and thus a distant doublet of ford). The directional sense, attested since at least the 1500s, derives from ancient vessels with the steering oar on the right (see etymology of starboard), which therefore had to moor with their left sides facing the dock or wharf. Doublet of fjard, fjord, firth, ford, and Portus.

doublet

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

ба́кборд

left-hand side of a vessel when facing the front

any port in a storm
any port in a storm#English

establishment of the port
establishment of the port#English

first port of call
first port of call#English

girl in every port
girl in every port#English

port of registry
port of registry#English

airport
any port in a storm
carport
container port
dry port
establishment of the port
first port of call
free port
girl in every port
half-port
heliport
helm-port
helm port
home port
megaport
outport
port authority
port knocking
portlet
port of call
port of entry
port of registry
raft port
river port
seaport
secondary port
spaceport
standard port
static port
treaty port


port

nl-noun

port m (uncountable, diminutive portje n)

Borrowed from English port, from port wine. Named for Portuguese Porto, a city in Portugal where the wines were originally shipped from.


vi

Inherited from Old Catalan vi~vin, from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


Italian

en-noun

Italian (countable and uncountable, plural Italians)

From Middle English Italian, from Medieval Latin Italiānus, from Latin Italia (“Italy”).

gin and Italian

So the English women would have been interested in American drinks, and in came the gin-and-Italian, for example.

1971, John Doxat, The World of Drinks and Drinking, page 102:

Italian vermouth
Italian vermouth#English

(uncountable) Short for Italian vermouth, a dark-colored sweet or mildly bitter vermouth.


green

en-adj

green (comparative greener, superlative greenest)

greener (comparative)
greenest (superlative)

Bislama: grin

→ Marshallese: kūriin

Tok Pisin: grin

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *grōniz
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Germanic *-į̄
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *grōnī
Old English grēne
Middle English grene
English green
From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”). More at grow.
See also North Frisian green, West Frisian grien, Dutch groen, Low German grön, green, greun, German grün, Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn, Swedish grön, Norwegian Bokmål grønn, Icelandic grænn.
The sense "obscene, pornographic, sexual" in the Philippines is from a calque of Spanish verde.

der

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road


amontillado

en-noun

amontillado (countable and uncountable, plural amontillados)


amontillado

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

From a- + Montilla + -ar, named for the town in southern Spain where the wine was originally made. The place name is from a diminutive of montaña.


German

German (countable and uncountable, plural Germans)

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

From Latin Germānus, Germānī (“the peoples of Germānia”), as distinct from Gauls (in the writings of Caesar and Tacitus), and of uncertain ultimate origin (possibly Celtic/Gaulish).
Not related to german (“closely related”) or germane (from the Latin adjective germānus, through Old French).
Attested since at least 1520. Replaced the older terms Almain and Dutch (from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz) in English. Besides cognates of German, Almain, and Dutch, two other categories of words for the Germans in other languages are cognates of Saxon and descendants of Proto-Slavic *němьcь; see those entries for more.
The surname is generally from the noun, though sometimes confused with Herman, Hermann under Russian influence. As a German surname, Americanized from Germann. Compare Germán, Germain, Jerman.

[…] tie them tightly in a thickly floured cloth, and boil them for three hours and a half. We can recommend this as a remarkably light small rich pudding : it may be served with German, wine, or punch sauce.

1858, Eliza Acton, Modern Cookery in All Its Branches: Reduced to a System of Easy Practice, for the Use of Private Families : in a Series of Receipts, which Have Been Strictly Tested, and are Given with the Most Minute Exactness : to which are Added Directions for Carving, Garnishing, and Setting Out the Table, with a Table of Weights and Measures, page 279:

The wine list harbours some great bottles, mature clarets and Burgundies as well as a clutch of fine Germans (gold-dust these days in restaurants) […]

1996, Jim Ainsworth, Passport's Guide to Britain's Best Restaurants:


finale

From Late Latin fīnālis, from Latin fīnis (“end; boundary, limit”), whence fine. By surface analysis, fine (“end; limit; goal”) + -ale.

surf

(wine) finish (sensations a wine leaves on the palate after degustation)


CS

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon#English

(wine) Initialism of Cabernet Sauvignon.


NV

United States of America
United States of America

Abbreviation of Nevada, a state of the United States of America.


French

en-noun

French (countable and uncountable, plural French or Frenches)

→ Zulu: iFulentshi

Inherited from Middle English Frenche, Frensch, Frensc, Frenshe, Frenk, Franche, from Old English Frenċisċ (“Frankish, French”), from Proto-West Germanic *Frankisk (“Frankish”), equivalent to Frank + -ish (compare Frankish). Cognate with Middle Low German vranksch, frenkisch, vrenkesch, vrenksch (“Frankish, French”), Middle High German vrenkisch, vrensch ("Frankish, Franconian; > German fränkisch (“Frankish, Franconian”)), Danish fransk (“French”), Swedish fransk, fransysk (“French”), Icelandic franska (“French”).
Doublet of Frankish.
In reference to vulgar language, from expressions such as pardon my French in the early 19th century, originally in reference to actual (but often mildly impolite) French expressions by the upper class, subsequently adopted ironically by the lower class for English cursewords under the charitable conceit that the listener would not be familiar with them.
In reference to vermouth, a shortened form of French vermouth, distinguished as usually being drier than Italian vermouth.

gl

"Frankish, Franconian; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">fränkisch</i> (“Frankish, Franconian”)

Tearle replied that gin-and-French and virginian cigarettes would do for him.

1930, Ethel Mannin, Confessions & Impressions, page 177:

He was drinking double gins with single Frenches in them.

1967, Michael Francis Gilbert, The Dust & the Heat, page 14:

(chiefly uncountable, dated slang) Ellipsis of French vermouth, a type of dry vermouth.


sangría

→ English: sangria

→ German: Sangria

sangria (type of wine punch with cubed pieces of fruit and fruit soda)


canary

en-noun

canary (countable and uncountable, plural canaries)

From French canarie, from Spanish canario, from the Latin Canariae insulae (“Canary Islands”) (Spanish Islas Canarias); from the largest island Insula Canaria (“Dog Island" or "Canine Island”), named for its dogs, from canārius (“canine”), from canis (“dog”).

der

Ile to my honeſt knight ſir Iohn Falſtaffe, / And drinke Canary with him.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, […] [T]he Merrie Wiues of Windsor. […] (First Quarto), London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Arthur Ihonson, […], published 1602, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

And though the annals of the period do not show us that there was less ale drawn, or less canary called for; men got dry with the heat of polemical discussion, and drunk with a text, not the fag end of a ballad, in their mouths; and people made a sort of morality of straight hair, long faces, and sad-coloured garments.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 190:

Or maybe you'd accept iv a couple o' bottles of claret or canaries?

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In Which a Liberty Is Taken with Mr. Nutter’s Name, and Mr. Dangerfield Stands at the Altar”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume II, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 234:

(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.


sweet

en-adj

sweet (comparative sweeter, superlative sweetest)

sweeter (comparative)
sweetest (superlative)

nonsweet

antonym(s) of “containing a sweetening ingredient”

dry

of wines: retaining a portion of natural sugar

decaying

antonym(s) of “not decaying, fermented, rancid, sour, spoiled, or stale”

sour

antonym(s) of “free from excessive unwanted substances”

lame

antonym(s) of “(informal) very pleasing”

From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.

money won is twice as sweet as money earned

Sweet wines are better dessert wines.


vermut

vermut (nominative singular)
vermuty (nominative plural)
vermutu (genitive singular)
vermutů (genitive plural)
vermutu (dative singular)
vermutům (dative plural)
vermut (accusative singular)
vermuty (accusative plural)
vermute (singular vocative)
vermuty (plural vocative)
vermutu (locative singular)
vermutech (locative plural)
vermutem (instrumental singular)
vermuty (instrumental plural)
vermut (nominative singular)
vermuty (nominative plural)
vermutu (genitive singular)
vermutů (genitive plural)
vermutu (dative singular)
vermutům (dative plural)
vermut (accusative singular)
vermuty (accusative plural)
vermute (singular vocative)
vermuty (plural vocative)
vermutu (locative singular)
vermutech (locative plural)
vermutem (instrumental singular)
vermuty (instrumental plural)


vermut

head

vermut (genitive vermuti, partitive vermutit)

vermuti (genitive)
vermutit (partitive)
vermut (nominative singular)
vermutid (nominative plural)
vermut (accusative nominative singular)
vermutid (accusative nominative plural)
vermuti (accusative genitive singular)
vermutid (accusative genitive plural)
vermuti (genitive singular)
vermutite (genitive plural)
vermutit (partitive singular)
vermuteid (partitive plural)
vermutisse (illative singular)
vermutitesse (illative plural)
vermuteisse (illative plural)
vermutis (inessive singular)
vermutites (inessive plural)
vermuteis (inessive plural)
vermutist (elative singular)
vermutitest (elative plural)
vermuteist (elative plural)
vermutile (allative singular)
vermutitele (allative plural)
vermuteile (allative plural)
vermutil (adessive singular)
vermutitel (adessive plural)
vermuteil (adessive plural)
vermutilt (ablative singular)
vermutitelt (ablative plural)
vermuteilt (ablative plural)
vermutiks (singular translative)
vermutiteks (plural translative)
vermuteiks (plural translative)
vermutini (singular terminative)
vermutiteni (plural terminative)
vermutina (essive singular)
vermutitena (essive plural)
vermutita (abessive singular)
vermutiteta (abessive plural)
vermutiga (comitative singular)
vermutitega (comitative plural)


vermut

vermutok (plural)
vermut (nominative singular)
vermutok (nominative plural)
vermutot (accusative singular)
vermutokat (accusative plural)
vermutnak (dative singular)
vermutoknak (dative plural)
vermuttal (instrumental singular)
vermutokkal (instrumental plural)
vermutért (causal-final singular)
vermutokért (causal-final plural)
vermuttá (singular translative)
vermutokká (plural translative)
vermutig (singular terminative)
vermutokig (plural terminative)
vermutként (essive-formal singular)
vermutokként (essive-formal plural)
vermutban (inessive singular)
vermutokban (inessive plural)
vermuton (singular superessive)
vermutokon (plural superessive)
vermutnál (adessive singular)
vermutoknál (adessive plural)
vermutba (illative singular)
vermutokba (illative plural)
vermutra (singular sublative)
vermutokra (plural sublative)
vermuthoz (allative singular)
vermutokhoz (allative plural)
vermutból (elative singular)
vermutokból (elative plural)
vermutról (delative singular)
vermutokról (delative plural)
vermuttól (ablative singular)
vermutoktól (ablative plural)
vermuté (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
vermutoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
vermutéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
vermutokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
vermutom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
vermutjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
vermutod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
vermutjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
vermutja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
vermutjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
vermutunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
vermutjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
vermutotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
vermutjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
vermutjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
vermutjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


vermut

vèrmut (canonical masculine)
вѐрмут (Cyrillic)
vermut (nominative singular)
vermuti (nominative plural)
vermuta (genitive singular)
vermuta (genitive plural)
vermutu (dative singular)
vermutima (dative plural)
vermut (accusative singular)
vermute (accusative plural)
vermute (singular vocative)
vermuti (plural vocative)
vermutu (locative singular)
vermutima (locative plural)
vermutom (instrumental singular)
vermutima (instrumental plural)

From English vermouth, from French vermout, from German Wermut.


vermouth

en-noun

vermouth (countable and uncountable, plural vermouths)

From French vermout, vermouth, from German Wermut (“wormwood”). Doublet of wormwood.

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 14, in Crime out of Mind:

Vermouth originated in the 18th century, when wine growers in the foothills of the French and Italian Alps developed a method of enhancing the taste of sour or uncompromising wines with the infusion of a variety of sweeteners, spices, herbs, roots, seeds, flowers, and peel.

2014, Ray Foley, Bartending For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 116:

Earlier this year while in Madrid, I fell prey to what the Spanish call la hora del vermut, the vermouth hour, a break in the day for a glass, generally before eating.

2023 July 20, Eric Asimov, “This Summer, Pause for the Vermouth Hour”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A dry, or sweet apéritif wine flavored with aromatic herbs, and often used in mixed drinks.


vermouth

→ English: vermouth

→ Romanian: vermut

→ Turkish: vermut


wine

wine (countable and uncountable, plural wines)

Tok Pisin: wain
→ Rotokas: uain

→ Burmese: ဝိုင် (wuing)

→ Central Melanau: wain

→ Chuukese: wain

→ Ewe: wein

→ Hawaiian: waina

→ Japanese: ワイン (wain)

→ Kannada: ವೈನ್ (vain)

→ Korean: 와인 (wain)

→ Malay: wain

→ Maori: wāina

→ Navajo: wáán

→ Tamil: வைன் (vaiṉ)

→ Thai: ไวน์ (waai)

From Middle English wyn, win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Proto-Germanic *wīną, either directly or via Latin vīnum (from Proto-Italic *wīnom) from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“wine”). Doublet of vine and vino.

خَمْر

alcoholic beverage made from other fruits, vegetables or plants

And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine
High piping Péhlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2:

In Europe then [1925] we thought of wine as something as healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well being and delight. Drinking wine was not a snobbism nor a sign of sophistication nor a cult; it was as natural as eating and to me as necessary, and I would not have thought of eating a meal without drinking either wine or cider or beer.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 156:

Wine is usually stronger than beer.

"Wine improves with age but I improve with wine," she slurred as she slid gracefully beneath the table.

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.

...dandelion wine, rice wine, plum wine...

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.


wine

A variant of wind with simplification of the final consonant cluster; for the vowel quality, compare find, mind, rind.

Vor voices rawze upon tha wine

1850, James Orchard Halliwell, A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century:

Aw how sholl I tell o’m—vor âll pirty maidens / When I pass’d ’em look’d back—ther smill rawze on tha wine.

1869, James Jennings, The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire:


wine

en-verb

wine (third-person singular simple present wines, present participle wining, simple past and past participle wined)

wines (present singular third-person)
wining (participle present)
wined (participle past)
wined (past)

From Jamaican Creole [Term?], related to wind (verb).

Even when there are positive comments, as in the responses to “white boy wines to dancehall,” the origin of the white boy's ability to dance is attributed to skills derived from others: […].

2010, Andoni Alonso, Pedro Oiarzabal, editors, Diasporas in the New Media Age: Identity, Politics, and Community, University of Nevada Press, →ISBN:

(dance, intransitive) To perform a Jamaican dance, such as the Dutty Wine.


sovereign

en-adj

sovereign (comparative more sovereign, superlative most sovereign)

more sovereign (comparative)
most sovereign (superlative)

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.

We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.

1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.


sovereign

→ Irish: sabhran

→ Russian: соверен (soveren)

→ Scottish Gaelic: sòbharan

→ Welsh: sofren

souverain

one who is not a subject to a ruler or nation

en:coin with nominal value of one pound sterling

A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.

No, someone who wears loads of sovereigns as well loads of gold and has uh a curly perm and peroxide blonde hair, orange, orange sunbed skin and a fringe like this blow-dried to death, that’s a ‘scally’.

2004, December 11, "Birkenhead, Merseyside" BBC Voices recording (0:06:52)

No visible tattoos, sovereigns, mismatched jewellery, scrunchies, large clips or hoop earrings.

2011 July 1, Caroline Davies, “Harrods 'ladies' code' drives out sales assistant”, in The Guardian:

(UK, slang) A large, garish ring; a sovereign ring.


body

en-noun

body (countable and uncountable, plural bodies)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-
Proto-West Germanic *bodag
Old English bodiġ
Middle English bodi
English body
From Middle English bodi, bodiȝ, from Old English bodiġ (“body, trunk, chest, torso, height, stature”), from Proto-West Germanic *bodag (“body, trunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, observe”). Cognate with Old High German botah (whence Swabian Bottich (“body, torso”)).

der

body-focused repetitive behavior disorder

The voice had an extraordinary sadness. Pure from all body, pure from all passion, going out into the world, solitary, unanswered, breaking against rocks—so it sounded.

1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:

We have given body to what was just a vague idea.

(uncountable) Substance; physical presence.

Material entity.
Substance; physical presence.

The red wine, sadly, lacked body.

"I’d Be Lost Without You" seems somewhat out of place from a vocal viewpoint — Lewis’s slightly reedy middle soprano is very expressive and absolutely true, but doesn’t have enough dark body to fully deal with the torchy melody.

1989 August 12, Caroline Foty, “Hindsights”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 5, page 7:

(uncountable) Comparative viscosity, solidity or substance (in wine, colours etc.).

有黏性

comparative viscosity, solidity or substance


flat

en-adj

flat (comparative flatter, superlative flattest)

flatter (comparative)
flattest (superlative)

bumpy

antonym(s) of “having no variations in altitude”

→ Portuguese: flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

(wine) Lacking acidity without being sweet.


horizontal

en-adj

horizontal (comparative more horizontal, superlative most horizontal)

more horizontal (comparative)
most horizontal (superlative)

/ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/

(wine) Involving wines of the same vintages but from different wineries.


vein

veini (genitive)
veini (partitive)
vein (nominative singular)
veinid (nominative plural)
vein (accusative nominative singular)
veinid (accusative nominative plural)
veini (accusative genitive singular)
veinid (accusative genitive plural)
veini (genitive singular)
veinide (genitive plural)
veini (partitive singular)
veine (partitive plural)
veinisid (partitive plural)
veini (illative singular)
veinisse (illative singular)
veinidesse (illative plural)
veinesse (illative plural)
veinis (inessive singular)
veinides (inessive plural)
veines (inessive plural)
veinist (elative singular)
veinidest (elative plural)
veinest (elative plural)
veinile (allative singular)
veinidele (allative plural)
veinele (allative plural)
veinil (adessive singular)
veinidel (adessive plural)
veinel (adessive plural)
veinilt (ablative singular)
veinidelt (ablative plural)
veinelt (ablative plural)
veiniks (singular translative)
veinideks (plural translative)
veineks (plural translative)
veinini (singular terminative)
veinideni (plural terminative)
veinina (essive singular)
veinidena (essive plural)
veinita (abessive singular)
veinideta (abessive plural)
veiniga (comitative singular)
veinidega (comitative plural)

From German Wein during the 19th century, ultimately from Latin vīnum. Doublet of viin (“vodka”). First attested in 1869.

kuiv vein

magus vein

punane vein

valge vein

roosa vein

wine (alcoholic beverage obtained by fermentation of berry or fruit juice)


sake

From Middle English sake (“sake, cause”), from Old English sacu (“cause, lawsuit, legal action, complaint, issue, dispute”), from Proto-West Germanic *saku, from Proto-Germanic *sakō (“affair, thing, charge, accusation, matter”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to investigate”).
Akin to West Frisian saak (“cause; business”), Low German Saak, Dutch zaak (“matter; cause; business”), German Sache (“thing; matter; cause; legal cause”), Danish sag, Swedish and Norwegian sak, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “dispute, argument”), Old English sōcn (“inquiry, prosecution”), Old English sēcan (“to seek”). More at soke, soken, seek.

cog

For the sake of argument


dry

en-adj

dry (comparative drier or dryer, superlative driest or dryest)

drier (comparative)
dryer (comparative)
driest (superlative)
dryest (superlative)

wet

antonym(s) of “abstinent from or banning alcohol”

wet

antonym(s) of “not using afterburners or water injection”

wet

of a scientist or lab: doing computation

Sranan Tongo: drei

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

Proper martinis are made with London dry gin and dry vermouth.

Fatima Blush: Oh, how reckless of me. I made you all wet.
James Bond: Yes, but my martini is still dry. My name is James.

1983, Lorenzo Semple Jr., Never Say Never Again:

Free from or lacking embellishment or sweetness, particularly:

(wine and other alcoholic beverages, ginger ale) Low in sugar; lacking sugar; unsweetened.

wine and other alcoholic beverages; ginger ale; wine and other alcoholic beverages; ginger ale


pipe

English: pipe (see there for further descendants)

Scots: pipe

Yola: peeps (plural)

Inherited from Old English pīpe, from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā; reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa; some senses are from Old French pipe.

A pipe; a piece of tubing used as a channel (often for fluids):

(medicine) A syringe; a hollow tube for medical removal or insertion.

Any other medical device or equipment based around a chamber or pipe.

A barrel or tub; a container or vessel for the storage of bulk goods, especially wine.


ABC

He thought he was up-to-date on all the latest wine lingo until a longtime wine writer returned his sample request card with a bold, hand-written note on it that stated, “Send me all samples—ABC!” ¶ “ABC” threw my friend for a loop. When he called me, I translated the cryptic phrase—ABC is winespeak for “Anything But Chardonnay.”

1997 March, Ron Loutherback, “Beyond the Label: The ABCs of white wine”, in Orange Coast, volume 23, number 3, page 168:

(wine) Initialism of anything but Chardonnay: a backlash against Chardonnay wine, seen as ubiquitous.


acetabulum

en-noun

acetabulum (plural acetabulums or acetabula)

Learned borrowing from Latin acētābulum (“vinegar saucer, 1/48 congius”), from acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“-bule: a vessel for”).

lbor

(historical) A Roman unit of liquid measure reckoned as the volume of 2½ Roman ounces of wine and equivalent to about 66 mL although differing slightly over time.

congius (48 acetabula) urna (192 acetabula)


acetabulum

la-noun

acētābulum n (genitive acētābulī); second declension

acētābulum (canonical neuter)
acētābulī (genitive)
acētābulum (nominative singular)
acētābula (nominative plural)
acētābulī (genitive singular)
acētābulōrum (genitive plural)
acētābulō (dative singular)
acētābulīs (dative plural)
acētābulum (accusative singular)
acētābula (accusative plural)
acētābulō (ablative singular)
acētābulīs (ablative plural)
acētābulum (singular vocative)
acētābula (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: acetàbul

→ English: acetabulum

→ Esperanto: acetabulo

→ French: acétabule, acétabulum

Italian: acetabolo

→ Portuguese: acetábulo

→ Romanian: acetabul

→ Russian: ацетабул (acetabul)

→ Spanish: acetábulo

[äkeːˈt̪äːbʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“a vessel for”).

suffix

saucer, any similarly sized and shaped dish


must

head

must (usually uncountable, plural mustok)

mustok (plural)
must (nominative singular)
mustok (nominative plural)
mustot (accusative singular)
mustokat (accusative plural)
mustnak (dative singular)
mustoknak (dative plural)
musttal (instrumental singular)
mustokkal (instrumental plural)
mustért (causal-final singular)
mustokért (causal-final plural)
musttá (singular translative)
mustokká (plural translative)
mustig (singular terminative)
mustokig (plural terminative)
mustként (essive-formal singular)
mustokként (essive-formal plural)
mustban (inessive singular)
mustokban (inessive plural)
muston (singular superessive)
mustokon (plural superessive)
mustnál (adessive singular)
mustoknál (adessive plural)
mustba (illative singular)
mustokba (illative plural)
mustra (singular sublative)
mustokra (plural sublative)
musthoz (allative singular)
mustokhoz (allative plural)
mustból (elative singular)
mustokból (elative plural)
mustról (delative singular)
mustokról (delative plural)
musttól (ablative singular)
mustoktól (ablative plural)
musté (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
mustoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
mustéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
mustokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
mustom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
mustjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
mustod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
mustjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
mustja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
mustjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
mustunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
mustjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
mustotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
mustjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
mustjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
mustjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

must (sweet fresh grape juice that has not fermented yet)


must

English: must

From Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.


madeira

madeira (nominative singular)
madeirat (nominative plural)
madeira (accusative nominative singular)
madeirat (accusative nominative plural)
madeiran (accusative genitive singular)
madeirat (accusative genitive plural)
madeiran (genitive singular)
madeiroiden (genitive plural)
madeiroitten (genitive plural)
madeirojen (genitive plural)
madeirain (genitive plural rare)
madeiraa (partitive singular)
madeiroita (partitive plural)
madeiroja (partitive plural)
madeirassa (inessive singular)
madeiroissa (inessive plural)
madeirasta (elative singular)
madeiroista (elative plural)
madeiraan (illative singular)
madeiroihin (illative plural)
madeiralla (adessive singular)
madeiroilla (adessive plural)
madeiralta (ablative singular)
madeiroilta (ablative plural)
madeiralle (allative singular)
madeiroille (allative plural)
madeirana (essive singular)
madeiroina (essive plural)
madeiraksi (singular translative)
madeiroiksi (plural translative)
madeiratta (abessive singular)
madeiroitta (abessive plural)
madeiroin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
madeirani (nominative singular)
madeirani (nominative plural)
madeirani (accusative nominative singular)
madeirani (accusative nominative plural)
madeirani (accusative genitive singular)
madeirani (accusative genitive plural)
madeirani (genitive singular)
madeiroideni (genitive plural)
madeiroitteni (genitive plural)
madeirojeni (genitive plural)
madeiraini (genitive plural rare)
madeiraani (partitive singular)
madeiroitani (partitive plural)
madeirojani (partitive plural)
madeirassani (inessive singular)
madeiroissani (inessive plural)
madeirastani (elative singular)
madeiroistani (elative plural)
madeiraani (illative singular)
madeiroihini (illative plural)
madeirallani (adessive singular)
madeiroillani (adessive plural)
madeiraltani (ablative singular)
madeiroiltani (ablative plural)
madeiralleni (allative singular)
madeiroilleni (allative plural)
madeiranani (essive singular)
madeiroinani (essive plural)
madeirakseni (singular translative)
madeiroikseni (plural translative)
madeirattani (abessive singular)
madeiroittani (abessive plural)
madeiroineni (comitative plural)
madeirasi (nominative singular)
madeirasi (nominative plural)
madeirasi (accusative nominative singular)
madeirasi (accusative nominative plural)
madeirasi (accusative genitive singular)
madeirasi (accusative genitive plural)
madeirasi (genitive singular)
madeiroidesi (genitive plural)
madeiroittesi (genitive plural)
madeirojesi (genitive plural)
madeiraisi (genitive plural rare)
madeiraasi (partitive singular)
madeiroitasi (partitive plural)
madeirojasi (partitive plural)
madeirassasi (inessive singular)
madeiroissasi (inessive plural)
madeirastasi (elative singular)
madeiroistasi (elative plural)
madeiraasi (illative singular)
madeiroihisi (illative plural)
madeirallasi (adessive singular)
madeiroillasi (adessive plural)
madeiraltasi (ablative singular)
madeiroiltasi (ablative plural)
madeirallesi (allative singular)
madeiroillesi (allative plural)
madeiranasi (essive singular)
madeiroinasi (essive plural)
madeiraksesi (singular translative)
madeiroiksesi (plural translative)
madeirattasi (abessive singular)
madeiroittasi (abessive plural)
madeiroinesi (comitative plural)
madeiramme (nominative singular)
madeiramme (nominative plural)
madeiramme (accusative nominative singular)
madeiramme (accusative nominative plural)
madeiramme (accusative genitive singular)
madeiramme (accusative genitive plural)
madeiramme (genitive singular)
madeiroidemme (genitive plural)
madeiroittemme (genitive plural)
madeirojemme (genitive plural)
madeiraimme (genitive plural rare)
madeiraamme (partitive singular)
madeiroitamme (partitive plural)
madeirojamme (partitive plural)
madeirassamme (inessive singular)
madeiroissamme (inessive plural)
madeirastamme (elative singular)
madeiroistamme (elative plural)
madeiraamme (illative singular)
madeiroihimme (illative plural)
madeirallamme (adessive singular)
madeiroillamme (adessive plural)
madeiraltamme (ablative singular)
madeiroiltamme (ablative plural)
madeirallemme (allative singular)
madeiroillemme (allative plural)
madeiranamme (essive singular)
madeiroinamme (essive plural)
madeiraksemme (singular translative)
madeiroiksemme (plural translative)
madeirattamme (abessive singular)
madeiroittamme (abessive plural)
madeiroinemme (comitative plural)
madeiranne (nominative singular)
madeiranne (nominative plural)
madeiranne (accusative nominative singular)
madeiranne (accusative nominative plural)
madeiranne (accusative genitive singular)
madeiranne (accusative genitive plural)
madeiranne (genitive singular)
madeiroidenne (genitive plural)
madeiroittenne (genitive plural)
madeirojenne (genitive plural)
madeirainne (genitive plural rare)
madeiraanne (partitive singular)
madeiroitanne (partitive plural)
madeirojanne (partitive plural)
madeirassanne (inessive singular)
madeiroissanne (inessive plural)
madeirastanne (elative singular)
madeiroistanne (elative plural)
madeiraanne (illative singular)
madeiroihinne (illative plural)
madeirallanne (adessive singular)
madeiroillanne (adessive plural)
madeiraltanne (ablative singular)
madeiroiltanne (ablative plural)
madeirallenne (allative singular)
madeiroillenne (allative plural)
madeirananne (essive singular)
madeiroinanne (essive plural)
madeiraksenne (singular translative)
madeiroiksenne (plural translative)
madeirattanne (abessive singular)
madeiroittanne (abessive plural)
madeiroinenne (comitative plural)
madeiransa (nominative singular)
madeiransa (nominative plural)
madeiransa (accusative nominative singular)
madeiransa (accusative nominative plural)
madeiransa (accusative genitive singular)
madeiransa (accusative genitive plural)
madeiransa (genitive singular)
madeiroidensa (genitive plural)
madeiroittensa (genitive plural)
madeirojensa (genitive plural)
madeirainsa (genitive plural rare)
madeiraansa (partitive singular)
madeiroitaan (partitive plural)
madeirojaan (partitive plural)
madeiroitansa (partitive plural)
madeirojansa (partitive plural)
madeirassaan (inessive singular)
madeirassansa (inessive singular)
madeiroissaan (inessive plural)
madeiroissansa (inessive plural)
madeirastaan (elative singular)
madeirastansa (elative singular)
madeiroistaan (elative plural)
madeiroistansa (elative plural)
madeiraansa (illative singular)
madeiroihinsa (illative plural)
madeirallaan (adessive singular)
madeirallansa (adessive singular)
madeiroillaan (adessive plural)
madeiroillansa (adessive plural)
madeiraltaan (ablative singular)
madeiraltansa (ablative singular)
madeiroiltaan (ablative plural)
madeiroiltansa (ablative plural)
madeiralleen (allative singular)
madeirallensa (allative singular)
madeiroilleen (allative plural)
madeiroillensa (allative plural)
madeiranaan (essive singular)
madeiranansa (essive singular)
madeiroinaan (essive plural)
madeiroinansa (essive plural)
madeirakseen (singular translative)
madeiraksensa (singular translative)
madeiroikseen (plural translative)
madeiroiksensa (plural translative)
madeirattaan (abessive singular)
madeirattansa (abessive singular)
madeiroittaan (abessive plural)
madeiroittansa (abessive plural)
madeiroineen (comitative plural)
madeiroinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈmɑ̝de̞i̯rɑ̝]

Madeira (fortified wine produced on Madeira)


madeira

Shortening of vinho da Madeira (literally “wine of Madeira”), after the Portuguese island of Madeira.

a type of fortified wine produced in the island of Madeira


punch

en-verb

punch (third-person singular simple present punches, present participle punching, simple past and past participle punched)

punches (present singular third-person)
punching (participle present)
punched (participle past)
punched (past)

From Middle English punchen, partially from Old French ponchonner (“to punch”), from ponchon (“pointed tool”), from Latin punctio, from punctus, perfect passive participle of pungō (“I prick”); and partially from Middle English punchen, a syncopated variant of punischen ("to punish"; see punish). Also influenced by Middle English punchon ("a punch"; see puncheon). Compare also Middle English bunchen, bonchen (“to punch, deliver a blow, pound, beat”).

gloss

"to punish"; see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">punish</i>

"a punch"; see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">puncheon</i>

(transitive, winemaking) To perform pigeage: to stamp down grape skins that float to the surface during fermentation.


Prosecco

en-noun

Prosecco (countable and uncountable, plural Proseccos)

From Italian Prosecco, short for (vino de) Prosecco, “(wine of) Prosecco”, near Trieste. The toponym Prosecco comes from Proto-Slavic *prosěkъ (“kind of axe; opening, cutting (in a forest)”) from the areas deforested for the cultivation of the vine.

der

‘Itʼs Prosecco, champagneʼs Italian cousin!’

2019, Candice Carty-Williams, Queenie, Trapeze, page 96:

A dry, slightly sparkling Italian white wine made from that grape.


vinum

la-noun

vīnum n (genitive vīnī); second declension

vīnum (canonical neuter)
vīnī (genitive)
vīnum (nominative singular)
vīna (nominative plural)
vīnī (genitive singular)
vīnōrum (genitive plural)
vīnō (dative singular)
vīnīs (dative plural)
vīnum (accusative singular)
vīna (accusative plural)
vīnō (ablative singular)
vīnīs (ablative plural)
vīnum (singular vocative)
vīna (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: yin, yinu

Istro-Romanian: vir

Megleno-Romanian: vin

Romanian: vin

Dalmatian:

vain

North Italian:

Friulian: vin

Istriot: veîn, vèin

Ladin: vin

Ligurian: vin

Lombard: vin

Piedmontese: vin

Romagnol: vẽn, vèin, vòin

Romansch: vin, vegn

Venetan: vin

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: vino
→ English: vino
→ Sidamo: viino

Neapolitan: vino

Sicilian: vinu

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vin

Old French: vin (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vi

Occitan: vin

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: vino

Old Leonese:

Asturian: vinu

Extremaduran: vinu

Leonese: vinu

Mirandese: bino

Old Galician-Portuguese: vinho, vỹo, vinno, viño
Fala: viñu
Galician: viño, vinho (reintegrationist), vĩo (Ancarese)
Portuguese: vinho (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: vino

Ladino: vino

Spanish: vino (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: binu

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Celtic: *wīnom (see there for further descendants)

→ Etruscan: 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌌 (vinum)

→ Proto-Germanic: *wīną (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Slavic: *vino (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

In vīnō vēritās.

Vīna bonus quae deinde cadīs onerārat Acestēs
lītore Trīnacriō dederatque abeuntibus hērōs
dīvidit ….
Next, wine – which good Acestes had loaded in casks along the Sicilian shore, and [which that] hero had given upon our departures – [Aeneas] divided up.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.195–197

(See: Acestes/Acestes; Aeneas/Aeneas; “Trinacria” was an ancient name for Sicily/Sicily.)

vīna quiēs sequitur
Rest is following the wines.

[Drink] [enough] wine, [and] rest follows.

Or, in more natural English, as implied by the plural vīna:


ink

→ Japanese: インク (inku)

→ Korean: 잉크 (ingkeu)

→ Telugu: ఇంకి (iṅki)

→ Welsh: inc

From Middle English ynke, from Old French enque, from Latin encaustum (“purple ink used by Roman emperors to sign documents”), from Ancient Greek ἔγκαυστον (énkauston, “burned-in”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + καίω (kaíō, “burn”). In this sense, displaced native Old English blæc (“ink”, literally “black”).

ncog

you don't dip your pen in the company's ink

to get ink

The TSA has been getting a lot of ink lately.

[Judith] Hope […] has been getting ink by the barrelful with her regular interviews quoting conversations with the first lady, on subjects ranging from Senate ambitions to summer and post-White House living arrangements.


bubbly

en-noun

bubbly (countable and uncountable, plural bubblies)

We're getting married–this calls for a bottle of bubbly!

“[…] Maybe some bubbly for the ladies, since we just bought the house of life, and break camp . . . since they are very appreciative that things got wrapped up so fast.”

2007, L. A. Banks, The Cursed, St. Martin's Griffin, →ISBN:

kupliva

term for champagne which is derived from its bubbles


vino

eo-head

vino (accusative singular vinon, plural vinoj, accusative plural vinojn)

vinon (accusative singular)
vinoj (plural)
vinojn (accusative plural)

→ Ido: vino

Ultimately from Latin vīnum. Cognates exist in all of Esperanto's primary source languages: French vin, Polish wino, English wine, Yiddish ווײַן (vayn), German Wein, Russian вино (vino), Italian vino.

Ri ĝuas drinki glason da vino post labori tuttage.

They enjoy drinking a glass of wine after working all day.


vino

→ English: vino

→ Sidamo: viino

From Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁nom, derived from *wéyh₁ō (“vine, wine”). Cognates include Albanian verë, Armenian գինի (gini) and Greek οίνος (oínos).

Vino e olio caratterizzano la genuina e saporita cucina chiantigiana.

Wine and oil characterise/characterize the genuine and tasty Chiantian cooking.

Il vino, secondo Isac, da buon nutrimento, e rende santà al corpo

13ᵗʰ c., “XXXXVIII. Del vino, e delle sue virtù [48. About wine, and about its virtues]”, in Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture], translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri XII by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 197:

Wine, according to Isaac, provides good nutrition, and makes the body healthy again

Necessità di grano e di vino, o vero d'aceto, e di sale è da fuggire al postutto; ma per le ville, e città, e castella si vadano caendo per uomini del campo che siano meno acconci alla battaglia con arme

13ᵗʰ c., Bono Giamboni, “Libro terzo, Capitolo 3: Con quanta cura si debbia accattare, e conservare l'annona, e la vivanda dell'oste”, in Dell'arte della guerra [On the Art of War], translation of Epitoma Rei Militaris by Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, published 1815, page 83:

In conclusion, the need for wheat, wine or vinegar, and salt is to be avoided; they should be searched for in the villages, the cities, and the castles, by men who are less prepared for armed battle

e, se non basta ciò, lui pur convene
vino e carne lassare,
caldo e troppo mangiare
e astener, quanto poder sostene,
di materia. […]

13ᵗʰ c., Guittone d'Arezzo, Onne vogliosa d'omo infermitate, collected in Le rime di Guittone d'Arezzo, Bari: Laterza, published 1940, page 129, lines 145–149:

And, if that is not enough, he should avoid wine and meat, heat, and excessive eating, and abstain as much as he can from things.

Lo duca mio, che mi potea vedere
far sì com' om che dal sonno si slega,
disse: «Che hai che non ti puoi tenere,
ma se' venuto più che mezza lega
velando li occhi e con le gambe avvolte,
a guisa di cui vino o sonno piega?».

1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XV”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory], lines 118–123; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

My Leader, who could see me bear myself like to a man that rouses him from sleep, exclaimed: "What ails thee, that thou canst not stand? But hast been coming more than half a league veiling thine eyes, and with thy legs entangled, in guise of one whom wine or sleep subdues?"

Ma sopra tutto nel buon vino ho fede,
E credo che sia salvo chi gli crede.

1478, Luigi Pulci, “Canto decimottavo [Eighteenth Canto]”, in Morgante, Felice Le Monnier, published 1855, page 24:

But above all I have faith in good wine, and I believe he who believes in it is saved.

Che perda poi con scorno la battaglia:
ch'al vino, e a i cibi la gente Francesca
Presa riman, come la lasca a l'esca.

1516, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto trentesimoterzo [Thirty-third Canto]”, in Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland], Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, page 153:

Let him lose the battle with shame, for the French people get stuck on wine and food, like the nase to the bait.

Il Lithargyro si stempera con l'acqua, vino, olio, ò aceto; ma più agevolmente con l'aceto

1567, Ricettario fiorentino [Florentine Cookbook], page 80:

Litharge is dissolved with water, wine, oil, or vinegar, but more easily with vinegar

da un raveggiuolo inverminato nel mese di settembre nacquero e mosche ordinarie ed alcuni pochi moscioni di quegli stessi, che intorno al vino, ed all’aceto si aggirano

1668, Francesco Redi, Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl’insetti [Experiences About the Generation of Insects], Florence, page 106:

From a wormy raveggiolo cheese, in the month of September, were born both ordinary flies and a few bluebottles, of the kind that go around wine and vinegar.

Nozze, ove in acqua è trasmutato il vino,
Son queste, e muto il reo prodigio inghiotti,
E se increduli v'ha, tosto fien dotti
dal Carnefice Popol Parigino.

1799, Vittorio Alfieri, “Sonetto XXXVI [Sonnet 36]”, in Misogallo [The French-Hater], London, page 153, lines 5–8:

This is a wedding where the wine has turned into water, and you, silent, swallow the guilty prodigy; and, if you don't believe it, they will soon be taught by the tormenting Parisian people.

Vi siano due merci sole e due soli individui, che l'uno abbia vino e l'altro frumento

1804, Cesare Beccaria, “Del valore e del prezzo delle cose [About the Value and the Price of Things]”, in Elementi di economia pubblica [Elements of Public Economics], collected in Opere di Cesare Beccaria – volume secondo, Milan: Società tipografica dei classici italiani, published 1822, page 244:

Let's say there are only two kinds of goods, and only two individuals: one has wine, and the other has wheat

Si buttava sul letto, e subito tutto il vino bevuto le riveniva fuori trasformato in un infinito torrente di lagrime.

1904, Luigi Pirandello, “10. Acquasantiera e portacenere [10. Stoup and ashtray]”, in Il fu Mattia Pascal [The Late Mattia Pascal], published 1919, page 139:

She would throw herself on the bad, and immediately all the drunk wine would come of her again, turned into an infinite stream of tears.


vino

víno (canonical neuter)
ви́но (Cyrillic)
vino (nominative singular)
vina (nominative plural)
vina (genitive singular)
vina (genitive plural)
vinu (dative singular)
vinima (dative plural)
vino (accusative singular)
vina (accusative plural)
vino (singular vocative)
vina (plural vocative)
vinu (locative singular)
vinima (locative plural)
vinom (instrumental singular)
vinima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vino, a borrowing from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

crno vino

bijelo (belo) vino


vino

víno (canonical neuter)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
víno (nominative singular)
víni (dual nominative)
vína (nominative plural)
vína (genitive singular)
vín (dual genitive)
vín (genitive plural)
vínu (dative singular)
vínoma (dative dual)
vínom (dative plural)
víno (accusative singular)
víni (accusative dual)
vína (accusative plural)
vínu (locative singular)
vínih (dual locative)
vínih (locative plural)
vínom (instrumental singular)
vínoma (dual instrumental)
víni (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Slavic *vino, a borrowing from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

wine (alcoholic beverage made from grapes)


vino

→ Classical Nahuatl: vino, uino, vinoh

→ English: vino

→ Hiligaynon: bino

→ Tagalog: bino

Inherited from Latin vīnum (compare Catalan vi, French vin, Italian vino, Portuguese vinho, Romanian vin, and English wine), from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


bastard

en-noun

bastard (countable and uncountable, plural bastards)

From Middle English bastard, bastarde, from Anglo-Norman bastard, Old French bastart (“illegitimate child”), perhaps via Medieval Latin bastardus, of obscure origin.
Possibly from Frankish *bāst (“marriage, relationship”) + Old French -ard, -art (pejorative suffix denoting a specific quality or condition). Frankish *bāst derives from a North Sea Germanic variety of Proto-Germanic *banstuz (“bond, connection, relationship, marriage with a second woman of lower status”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie, bind”) and is related to West Frisian boaste (“marriage, matrimony”), Middle Dutch bast (“lust, heat”), and more distantly to English boose (“cow-stall”). The term probably originally referred to a child from a polygynous marriage of heathen Germanic custom — a practice not sanctioned by the Christian churches.
Alternatively, Old French bastart may have originated from the Old French term fils de bast (“packsaddle son”), meaning a child conceived on an improvised bed (medieval saddles often doubled as beds while travelling). However chronology makes this difficult, as bastard is attested in Old French from 1089 (Middle Latin bastardus as early as 1010), yet Old French bast (modern French bât), though attested since 1130 with the meaning of "beast of burden", doesn't acquire the specific meaning of "packsaddle" until the 13c., making it too late to have given rise to the terms bastard and bastardus with this sense. The French Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales supports the Germanic theory further above as being most likely.

unk

obscure

cog

Jarrod: Who are you?
Heath: Your father’s bastard son.

(dated) A person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant.


bastard

English: bastard

Scots: bastart, bastert

From Anglo-Norman bastard; equivalent to bast (“illegitimacy”) + -ard.

a kind of fortified wine, often with spices added


bastard

English: bastard

Scots: bastart, bastert

coming not from wedlock, coming from bastardy; illegitimate

(rare) made using or incorporating fortified wine


葡萄酒

→ Yami: potaw cio

ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/

/pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹ t͡si̯u³¹/

/pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴¹/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰu²³⁻²¹ to²³⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰɤ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴¹/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² to¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁵³/

/bu²² dɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/

/pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹ t͡si̯u³¹/

/pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴¹/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰu²³⁻²¹ to²³⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁵³/

/pʰɤ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴¹/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² to¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁵³/

/bu²² dɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/


葡萄酒

ja-noun

葡(ぶ)萄(どう)酒(しゅ) • (budōshu) ^(←ぶだうしゅ (budausyu)?)

葡萄酒 (canonical)
budōshu (romanization)
budausyu (romanization)
ぶだうしゅ (hiragana historical)

赤葡萄酒

赤葡萄酒 あかぶどうしゅ

白葡萄酒

白葡萄酒 しろぶどうしゅ

葡萄酒学

葡萄酒学 ぶどうしゅがく


xérès

From Spanish Xeres, obsolete spelling of the name of the Spanish city Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, where the beverage was produced.

De vieilles femmes étaient assises dans un coin et buvaient de petits verres de xérès. L’une d’elles fumait une longue pipe.

2007, JK Rowling, translated by Jean-François Ménard, Harry Potter à l'école des sorciers [Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone], Gallimard Jeunesse, page 77:


oak

en-noun

oak (countable and uncountable, plural oaks)

Inherited from Middle English ook, oke, aik, ake, from Old English āc (also as Old English ǣċ), from Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).
Cognates
From Proto-Germanic: Scots aik, West Frisian iik, Dutch eik, German Eiche, German Low German Eek, Danish eg, Norwegian Bokmål eik, Norwegian Nynorsk eik, Swedish ek, Yiddish אייכנבוים (eykhnboym).
From Proto-Indo-European: Latin aesculus (“Durmast oak”), Lithuanian ąžuolas (“oak”), Albanian enjë (“juniper, yew”), Ancient Greek αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps, “Turkey oak”)).


oak

en-verb

oak (third-person singular simple present oaks, present participle oaking, simple past and past participle oaked)

oaks (present singular third-person)
oaking (participle present)
oaked (participle past)
oaked (past)

(wine, transitive) To expose to oak in order for the oak to impart its flavors.


sherry

en-noun

sherry (usually uncountable, plural sherries)

→ Czech: šery, sherry

→ German: Sherry

→ Finnish: sherry

→ French: sherry

→ Italian: sherry

→ Japanese: シェリー (sherī)

→ Polish: sherry

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: šeri

Cyrillic script: шери

→ Yiddish: שערי (sheri)

Back-formation of earlier sherris (interpreted as a plural), from Spanish (vino de) Xeres (“wine of Xeres”), Xeres being the former spelling of Jerez (pronounced /ʃeˈɾes/ in early modern Andalusian Spanish).

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 14, in Crime out of Mind:

(uncountable) A fortified wine produced in Jerez de la Frontera in Spain, or a similar wine produced elsewhere.


sherry

Unadapted borrowing from English sherry.


doux

en-adj

doux (comparative more doux, superlative most doux)

more doux (comparative)
most doux (superlative)

Borrowed from French doux. Doublet of douce, dolce, and dulce.


cru

Borrowed from French cru (“growth”), from French crû, past participle of French croître (“grow”).

Each cru has an official quality rating on a scale of 100: Grand cru vineyards all rate 100, and premier cru vineyards rank from 90 to 99 points.

2009, Ed McCarthy, Mary Ewing-Mulligan, Maryann Egan, Wine All-in-One For Dummies, page 218:

A vineyard or group of vineyards in France, especially one having a high reputation.


block

→ Dutch: block

→ German: Block

→ Irish: bloc

→ Manx: block

→ Maori: poraka

→ Norwegian: blokk

→ Polish: blok

desctree

→ Russian: блок (blok)
→ Armenian: բլոկ (blok)
→ Yakut: блок (blok)

→ Spanish: block

→ Vietnamese: lốc

From Middle English blok (“log, stump, solid piece”), from Old French bloc (“log, block”), from Middle Dutch blok (“treetrunk”), from Old Dutch *blok (“log”), from Proto-West Germanic *blokk, from Proto-Germanic *blukką (“beam, log”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”). Cognate with Old Frisian blok, Old Saxon blok, Old High German bloh, bloc (“block”), Old English bolca (“gangway of a ship, plank”), Old Norse bǫlkr (“divider, partition”). More at balk. See also bloc, bulk.

طَابُوقَة

substantial often approximately cuboid piece

թաղամաս

group of buildings demarcated by streets

A physical area or extent of something, often rectangular or approximately rectangular.

(viticulture) A discrete group of vines in a vineyard, often distinguished from others by variety, clone, canopy training method, irrigation infrastructure, or some combination thereof.


red wine

en-noun

red wine (countable and uncountable, plural red wines)

Red-coloured wine made mostly from black grapes, including the skin.

შავი ღვინო (šavi ɣvino, literally “black wine”)


white wine

white wine (countable and uncountable, plural white wines)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-white wine.wav

From Middle English white wyn, whit win.

In contrast to making red wine, the juice for white wine is fermented without the skins and seeds.

2005, Barbara Nowak, Beverly Wichman, The Everything Wine Book:

Light-coloured wine (usually yellow with a hint of green but not pink).

Jack Randall then impatient rose, / And said, ‘Tom's speech were just as fine / If he would call that first of goes / By that genteeler name—white wine.'

1820, Thomas Moore, W. Simpkin, R. Marshall, Jack Randall's Diary of Proceedings at the House of Call for Genius:


Wein

de-noun

Wein m (strong, genitive Weines or Weins, plural Weine)

Weines (genitive)
Weins (genitive)
Weine (plural)
Wein (nominative singular)
Weine (definite nominative plural)
Weines (genitive singular)
Weins (genitive singular)
Weine (definite genitive plural)
Wein (dative singular)
Weine (dative singular)
Weinen (dative definite plural)
Wein (accusative singular)
Weine (accusative definite plural)

→ Estonian: vein

From Middle High German wīn, from Old High German wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn.


sack

en-noun

sack (countable and uncountable, plural sacks)

From earlier (wyne) seck from Middle French (vin (“wine”)) sec (“dry”), from Latin siccus (“dry”).

Wilt pleaſe your Lord drink a cup of ſacke? […] I am Christophero Sly, call not mee Honour nor Lordship: I ne're drank ſacke in my life: […]

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 209, column 1:

Giue me a Cup of Sacke, Rogue. Is there no Vertue extant?

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 56, column 2:

How cam'ſt thou hither? / Sweare by this Bottle how thou cam'ſt hither: I eſcap'd / vpon a But of Sacke, which the Saylors heaued o'reboord, by this Bottle which I made of the barke of a Tree, with mine owne hands, since I was caſt a'ſhore.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 10, column 1:

The vesper bell had rung its parting note; the domini were mostly caged in comfortable quarters, discussing the merits of old port; and the merry student had closed his oak, to consecrate the night to friendship, sack, and claret.

1848 January, Charles M. Westmacott, “The Stage of Life”, in The Sporting Review, volume 15, page 23:

"He's got a venison pastry and a flagon of sack in that cupboard behind him."

1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 35:

(dated) A variety of light-colored dry wine from Spain or the Canary Islands; also, any strong white wine from southern Europe; sherry.


chai

Borrowed from French chai, from Occitan.

The Kanon era lasted a mere 10 years, yet he had the château constructed, invested substantially in the vineyard and chais, and established the wine as one of the leading labels in the area.

2004, Clive Coates, The Wines of Bordeaux, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 302:

(winemaking) A place above ground for storing wine casks.


chai

Mis en bouteille dans nos chais.


molto

molto (nominative singular)
moltě (dual nominative)
molta (nominative plural)
molta (genitive singular)
moltu (dual genitive)
moltъ (genitive plural)
moltu (dative singular)
moltoma (dative dual)
moltomъ (dative plural)
molto (accusative singular)
moltě (accusative dual)
molta (accusative plural)
moltъmь (instrumental singular)
moltomь (instrumental singular)
moltoma (dual instrumental)
molty (instrumental plural)
moltě (locative singular)
moltu (dual locative)
moltěxъ (locative plural)
molto (singular vocative)
moltě (dual vocative)
molta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мо́лат m (mólat)

desc

⇒? Russian: мо́лодь (mólodʹ), молоди́зна (molodízna)

Ukrainian: мо́лот m (mólot)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мо́лът m (mólǎt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мла̏та f, мла́та f, мла̑т m or f, млато n

Latin script: mlȁta f, mláta f, mlȃt m or f, mlato n

Slovene: mláta, mlátọ

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: mláto, młáto (alternative writing)
Czech: mláto

Old Polish: młoto

Polish: młoto, młóto, młóta

Slovak: mláto

Unknown whether from the past passive participle of *melti (“to grind”) + *-o, respectively from *melti (“to grind”) + *-to—neuter form of *-tъ—, or borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *malt; but rather the latter, considering that the term is only strong in West Slavic and otherwise, though so only in Sorbian, one employs *soldъ.
See also Ancient Greek βύνη (búnē, “malt”), Iranian borrowing, and in recent modernity Arabic مَلْت (malt) and Persian مالت (mâlt) had to be borrowed from English for the concept—though, or corresponding to the circumstance, that most other Arabic terms for beer and wine are also of loan origin, to illustrate the prevalence of such occurrences.


bor

borok (plural)
bor (nominative singular)
borok (nominative plural)
bort (accusative singular)
borokat (accusative plural)
bornak (dative singular)
boroknak (dative plural)
borral (instrumental singular)
borokkal (instrumental plural)
borért (causal-final singular)
borokért (causal-final plural)
borrá (singular translative)
borokká (plural translative)
borig (singular terminative)
borokig (plural terminative)
borként (essive-formal singular)
borokként (essive-formal plural)
borban (inessive singular)
borokban (inessive plural)
boron (singular superessive)
borokon (plural superessive)
bornál (adessive singular)
boroknál (adessive plural)
borba (illative singular)
borokba (illative plural)
borra (singular sublative)
borokra (plural sublative)
borhoz (allative singular)
borokhoz (allative plural)
borból (elative singular)
borokból (elative plural)
borról (delative singular)
borokról (delative plural)
bortól (ablative singular)
boroktól (ablative plural)
boré (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
boroké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
boréi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
borokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
borom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
boraim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
borod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
boraid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
bora (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
borai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
borunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
boraink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
borotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
boraitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
boruk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
boraik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽳𐽾 (bor, “wine”), ultimately from Middle Persian bōr (“reddish-brown”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown”). Compare Ossetian бур (bur, “yellow”), Northern Kurdish bor (“grey”).

wine (an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of grapes)

wine (an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of fruits or vegetables other than grapes, usually preceded by the type of the fruit or vegetable)

A bor beszél belőle.

It must be the wine. (literally, “The wine is talking out of him/her.”)

(figuratively) wine (intoxication caused by wine)


tannin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tannin.wav

From French tannin, from Latin tannum (“oak bark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“oak”). Related to tan.

(chemistry) Tannic acid or any of its derivatives.


tannin

tannin (indefinite nominative singular)
tannins (genitive indefinite singular)
tanninet (definite nominative singular)
tanninets (definite genitive singular)
tanniner (indefinite nominative plural)
tanniners (genitive indefinite plural)
tanninerna (definite nominative plural)
tanninernas (definite genitive plural)


hock

en-noun

hock (countable and uncountable, plural hocks)

That night he strolled into the Palette Club about eleven o’clock, and found Trevor sitting by himself in the smoking-room drinking hock and seltzer.

1891 [1887], Oscar Wilde, “The Model Millionaire”, in Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories:

The dinner that they sat down to in the fly-specked dining-room was of boiled beef and carrots, with a turgid ginger pudding to follow, though Grierson went down to the cellar himself and found some dusty bottles of hock, overlooked for years because there was no demand for it in a beer-drinking community.

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 158:

A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still, from the Hochheim region; often applied to all Rhenish wines.


wino

pl-noun

wino n (diminutive winko, augmentative wińsko)

winko (diminutive)
wińsko (augmentative)
wino (nominative singular)
wina (nominative plural)
wina (genitive singular)
win (genitive plural)
winu (dative singular)
winom (dative plural)
wino (accusative singular)
wina (accusative plural)
winem (instrumental singular)
winami (instrumental plural)
winie (locative singular)
winach (locative plural)
wino (singular vocative)
wina (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish wino, from Proto-Slavic *vino.

wino słodkie

wino półsłodkie

wino półwytrawne

wino wytrawne

wino białe

wino czerwone

wino różowe


flabby

en-adj

flabby (comparative flabbier, superlative flabbiest)

flabbier (comparative)
flabbiest (superlative)

From a variant of flappy, from flap (“to hang loose”). Compare English dialectal flapsy (“flabby”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a slap in the face; a fan-blade; a hair ribbon; a wagging tongue”), Middle Low German flabbe (“a gaping mouth; a chatterbox”), Danish flab (“the jaw; cheeks; a malapert”), Swedish flabb, fläff (“the hanging underlip of an animal; guffaw; driveller”), German Flabbe (“a gob; muzzle”).

My attention was accidentally drawn to this aid, some five or six years ago, while attending a lady (multipara) in her confinement, who suffered from umbilical hernia, with large flabby abdomen.

1867 December 28, John Wades, “External Manual Pressure during Labour”, in The British Medical Journal, volume 2, page 601:

A neglected gap was all the gate it had, and the first glance at the place was enough to let you see the flabby devil was running that show.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 210:

The strings of some violins when up to pitch are loose and flabby; some are very taut and hard.

1961, The Violin Makers' Journal - Volume 5, page 71:

Chassis of 1950s-1970s bikes are flabby tubular structures, often weak to the point of lacking straight-line stability!

2008, Kevin Cameron, Sportbike Performance Handbook, →ISBN, page 135:

Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; lacking firmness; flaccid.


crisp

From Middle English crisp (“curly”), from Old English crisp (“curly”), from Latin crispus (“curly”). Doublet of crape and crepe.

kale crisps

(UK, Ireland, food) Anything baked or fried in thin slices and eaten as a snack.


claree

I drink but two thirds of a pint in the whole day, which is less than the soberest of my countrymen drink of claree at every meal.

1762 November 13, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Letter CCCLXIII, written from Bath, quoted in 1787, Letters Written by the Late Right Honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope, volume 4, edition 9, page 182

At this hour of the morning she drank either ypocras or claree.

2003, Peter Ackroyd, The Clerkenwell Tales, page 3:

(archaic) A drink made of wine, honey, and spices.


tart

→ Cantonese: 撻／挞 (taat¹)

From Middle English tart, tarte, from Old French tarte, tartre (“flat pastry”) (compare Medieval Latin tarta), of unknown origin. Perhaps an alteration of Old French torte, tourte, from Latin turta, perhaps from tŏrta f (“twisted”), in which case it would be cognate to torta.

unk

unknown

A melt (block of wax for use in a tart burner).


adelantadillo

en-noun

adelantadillo (countable and uncountable, plural adelantadillos)

From Spanish adelantadillo, diminutive of adelantado (“early; not yet ready”).

A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.


unctuous

en-adj

unctuous (comparative more unctuous, superlative most unctuous)

more unctuous (comparative)
most unctuous (superlative)

/ˈʌŋ(k)t͡ʃʊəs/

From Late Middle English unctuous [and other forms], borrowed from Medieval Latin ūnctuōsus (“greasy, oily, unctuous”), from Latin ūnctum (“ointment; rich banquet; rich savoury dish”) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; overly’ forming adjectives from nouns). Ūnctum is a noun use of the perfect passive participle of unguō (“to anoint; to smear with oil, to grease or oil”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ- (“to anoint; to smear”).
cognates
* Italian untuoso
* Old French onctües, unctueus, unctuose (modern French onctueux)
* Portuguese unctuoso
* Spanish untuoso

nb...

unctouus, unctuos, unctuose, unctuouse, unctuus, ungtuous

мазен

of a person: profusely polite, especially in an insincerely earnest and unpleasant manner

"No bankers' books, or cheque books, or bill, or such tokens of wealth rolling in from day to day?" said old Sol, looking wistfully at his nephew out of the fog that always seemed to hang about him, and laying an unctuous emphasis upon the words.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, “In which Some More First Appearances are Made on the Stage of These Adventures”, in Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 27:

Then he thoroughly disliked the tone of Mr. Slope's letter; it was unctuous, false, and unwholesome, like the man.

1857, Anthony Trollope, “Mrs. Bold is Entertained by Dr. and Mrs. Grantly at Plumstead”, in Barchester Towers. […], copyright edition, volume II, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, published 1859, →OCLC, page 23:

In superior circles, however, introduction becomes more elaborate, more flattering, more unctuous.

1919, Stephen Leacock, “The Art of Conversation”, in The Hohenzollerns in America and Other Impossibilities, London: John Lane, The Bodley Head; New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, →OCLC, section I (How to Introduce Two People to One Another), page 172:

General Peckem roused himself after a moment with an unctuous and benignant smile.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “Doc Daneeka”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 32:

Profusely polite, especially in an insincere and unpleasant manner.

օծ

of a liquid, etc.: having the nature or properties of an unguent or ointment — see also oily, greasy


piccolo

Western concert flute
Western concert flute

A transverse flute that is smaller than a Western concert flute and pitched nearly an octave higher.


pomace

en-noun

pomace (countable and uncountable, plural pomaces)

[Alt: Red grape flesh and seeds]
From Late Middle English pomis, pomys (“cider; pulp of plants pressed to extract their juice or oil”), probably from Medieval Latin pōmācium, pōmātium (“cider”), possibly a variant of pomaceum (although first attested later), from Latin pōmum (“fruit; fruit tree”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₁em- (“to take”), in the sense of something taken off a tree) + -āceum (neuter form of -āceus (suffix meaning ‘belonging to; having the nature of’, forming adjectives)). Doublet of pomade, pomate, and pomatum.
Sense 1.1 (“crushed apples”) and sense 1.2 (“residue from grapes”) were possibly influenced by Middle French pommage (“(cidermaking) apple harvest; apple orchards”) and French poma, pomas, pomat (“residue from apples”) (Northern France).

bërsi

Sovv, as yet, Pomace of Cider-preſſings to raiſe Nurſeries; and ſet all ſorts of Kernels, Stones, &c.

1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Kalendarium Hortense: Or, The Gard’ners Almanac; […] [December.]”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 80:

Next to the VVhite is the Black Thorne and the Crab, vvhich make a very good Fence, and is raiſed as the VVhite Thorne, only if you ſovv the Pummace vvith them, they vvill come up the firſt Year.

1708, J[ohn] Mortimer, “Of Inclosing of Land”, in The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC, book I, page 3:

The pulp or pulplike matter remaining from a substance pressed to extract its juice or oil.

(historical) Such residue (especially castor bean cake or fish scrap) used as fertilizer.


shiner

From Middle English schyner, equivalent to shine + -er. Compare Old English sċīnere (“one who produces deceptive appearances, magician”).

Shiners are a big part of the wine business. […] Shiners are finished, bottled wines that don’t have a label or typically any other identifying feature until a vintner purchases them and then places a label on the bottles. […] They’re called shiners because they are unlabeled and have a “shiny” appearance.

2008, James Laube, “Shiners Are a Secret Part of the Wine Business”, in Wine Spectator:

(wine) A bottle of finished wine, without a label.


wi

From Middle High German wīn, from Old High German wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.

(Gressoney, Carcoforo, Rimella and Campello Monti) wine


zibibbo

a variety of Muscat grape from Southern Italy


noble

en-adj

noble (comparative nobler or more noble, superlative noblest or most noble)

nobler (comparative)
more noble (comparative)
noblest (superlative)
most noble (superlative)

From Middle English, from Old French noble, from Latin nōbilis (“knowable, known, well-known, famous, celebrated, high-born, of noble birth, excellent”), from nōscere, gnōscere (“to know”).
False cognate of Arabic نبيل (nabīl). Displaced native Middle English athel, from Old English æþele.

der

(winemaking) Belonging to a class of grape cultivars traditionally considered most favorable for winemaking, usually encompassing the six: Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay, and Riesling.


magnum

From Latin magnum, neuter of magnus (“great”).
* (bottle): Ellipsis of magnum bonum.
* (handgun): Name registered 1935 by Smith & Wesson Inc., of Springfield, Massachusetts.

So please don’t ask me when / There may be wine and roses / And magnums of champagne

2014, Leonard Cohen (lyrics and music), “A Street”, in Popular Problems:

A bottle containing 1.5 liters of fluid, double the volume of a standard wine bottle.

(firearms) A powerful firearm cartridge, often derived from a shorter, less powerful cartridge calibre that uses the same bullet.

I know what you're thinking. "Did he fire six shots or only five?" Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement, I've kinda lost track myself. But, being as this is a .44 magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: "Do I feel lucky?" Well, do ya, punk?

1971, Harry Julian Fink et al., Dirty Harry, spoken by Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood):

(by extension) A handgun that fires a cartridge of this calibre; chiefly a revolver, but rarely an autoloader firing an unusually powerful calibre.


magnum

(wine) a bottle of wine containing 1.5 liters of fluid, double the volume of a standard bottle


Nebuchadnezzar

/ˌnɛbəkəˈnɛzɚ/

Learned borrowing from Biblical Hebrew נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (Nəḇûḵaḏneʾṣṣár), a corruption of earlier נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר (Nəḇûḵaḏreʾṣṣár), from Akkadian 𒀭𒀝𒃻𒁺𒋀 (Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur, “Nabu protect my boundary/heir”).

lbor

נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר

Nəḇûḵaḏneʾṣṣár

der

A ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty who reigned c. 605 B.C.E. – 562 B.C.E.. According to the Bible, he conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and sent the Israelites into exile.


Nebuchadnezzar

/ˌnɛbəkəˈnɛzɚ/

lbor

נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר

Nəḇûḵaḏneʾṣṣár

A very large wine bottle (named after the King) with the capacity of about 15 liters, equivalent to 20 standard bottles.


doc

un vino doc

(viticulture) certified as DOC (of a product, usually wine)


vin

head

vin c (singular definite vinen, plural indefinite vine)

vinen (definite singular)
vine (indefinite plural)
vin (indefinite nominative singular)
vinen (definite nominative singular)
vine (indefinite nominative plural)
vinene (definite nominative plural)
vins (genitive indefinite singular)
vinens (definite genitive singular)
vines (genitive indefinite plural)
vinenes (definite genitive plural)

→ Greenlandic: viinni

From Old Danish win, from Old Norse vín, from Latin vīnum (“wine”).

(uncountable) wine (an alcoholic beverage made from grapes)


vin

→ Lao: ແວງ (wǣng)

→ Vietnamese: vang

⇒ du vin

→ Hausa: dùbbân

Louisiana Creole: diven

→ Malagasy: divay
→ Swahili: divai

Inherited from Middle French vin, from Old French vin, from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


vin

French: vin (see there for further descendants)

From Old French vin,from Latin vīnum (“wine”).

Quand je bois du vin clairet
Ami tout tourne, tourne, tourne, tourne
Aussi désormais je bois Anjou ou Arbois
Chantons et buvons, à ce flacon faisons la guerre

1530, anonymous, Quand je bois du vin clairet (tourdion)

When I drink a clairet wine,
friend, everything spins, spins, spins,
So these days I drink Anjou or Arbois wine.
Let us sing and drink and declare war on this bottle,
Let us sing and drink, friends, let us therefore drink!

Chantons et buvons, les amis, buvons donc !


vin

vinen (definite singular)
viner (indefinite plural)
vinene (definite plural)

From Old Norse vín, from Latin vīnum (“wine”).


vin

fro-noun

vin oblique singular, m (oblique plural vins, nominative singular vins, nominative plural vin)

vin oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
vins (oblique plural)
vins (nominative singular)
vin (nominative plural)

Bourguignon: veing

Gallo: vein

desctree

Middle French: vin
French: vin (see there for further descendants)

Norman: vîn (Jersey)

Walloon: vén

From Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom. Cognates include Ancient Greek ϝοῖνος (woînos, Aeolic variant), Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos), Umbrian 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖 (vinu). The nominative singular derives from attested Vulgar Latin vīnus.

cog

Par verité
j’ai esprové
qu vin rinois
passent francois

Circa 1250, uncertain composer, Mout sont vallant cil de Gant (motet)

Truly I have found Rhineland wine to surpass both that of France and all the wines of Auxerre.


vin

vinuri (plural)
vin (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vinul (accusative definite nominative singular)
vinuri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
vinurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
vin (indefinite singular)
vinului (definite singular)
vinuri (indefinite plural)
vinurilor (definite plural)
vinule (singular vocative)
vinurilor (plural vocative)

Inherited from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

Vezi că te îmbeți dacă bei prea mult din acest vin.

Careful or you'll get drunk if you drink too much of this wine.


vin

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader) wine


vin

→ Finnish: viini

en flaska vin

hälla upp vin i ett vinglas

korka upp en flaska vin


vin

vins (nominative plural)
vin (nominative singular)
vins (nominative plural)
vina (genitive singular)
vinas (genitive plural)
vine (dative singular)
vines (dative plural)
vini (accusative singular)
vinis (accusative plural)
o vin! (singular vocative)
o vins! (plural vocative)
vinu (predicative singular)
vinus (plural predicative)


ĉampano

eo-head

ĉampano (accusative singular ĉampanon, plural ĉampanoj, accusative plural ĉampanojn)

ĉampanon (accusative singular)
ĉampanoj (plural)
ĉampanojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from French champagne (“sparkling wine from the Champagne region”), from Champagne (“region and former province of France”), from Late Latin campānia (a clipping of Campānia Rēmēnsis), from campāneus (“of or pertaining to the fields”), from Latin campus (“level ground; field, plain”). Doublet of kampanjo and kampo.


brandy

en-noun

brandy (countable and uncountable, plural brandies)

→ Abenaki: blandi

→ Basque: brandy

→ Cebuano: brandi

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 拔蘭地／拔兰地 (bat⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²), 白蘭地／白兰地 (baak⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²)

Mandarin: 白蘭地／白兰地 (báilándì)

Min Nan: 物蘭池／物兰池 (bu̍t-lân-tî)

→ Czech: brandy

→ Danish: brandy

→ Dutch: brandy

→ Esperanto: brando

→ Estonian: brändi

→ Finnish: brandy

→ Galician: brandy

→ German: Brandy

→ Greek: μπράντι (bránti)

→ Hungarian: brandy

→ Icelandic: brandí

→ Irish: branda

→ Italian: brandy

→ Japanese: ブランデー (burandē)

→ Korean: 브랜디 (beuraendi)

→ Lower Sorbian: brandy

→ Norwegian: brandy

→ Occitan: brandy

→ Polish: brandy

desc

→ Portuguese: brande, (unadapted form) brandy

→ Romanian: brandy

desctree

→ Russian: бренди (brendi)
→ Armenian: բրենդի (brendi)

→ Scottish Gaelic: branndaidh

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бренди

Latin script: brendi

→ Spanish: brandy

→ Swahili: brandi

→ Swedish: brandy

→ Tagalog: brandi

→ Thai: บรั่นดี (bà-ràn-dii)

→ Turkish: brendi

→ Vietnamese: brandy, branđi

→ Welsh: brandi

Shortened form of brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burnt wine”). Compare German Brantewein, Branntwein.

(uncountable) An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.


brandy

en-verb

brandy (third-person singular simple present brandies, present participle brandying, simple past and past participle brandied)

brandies (present singular third-person)
brandying (participle present)
brandied (participle past)
brandied (past)

(transitive) To preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy.

säilöä brandyyn

to preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy


bordo

pl-adj

bordo (not comparable, no derived adverb)

bordo:

bordeaux, claret (having a dark red color tinged with purple, like that of Bordeaux (red) wine)


bordo

bordeaux (dark red color tinged with purple, like that of Burgundy (red) wine)

Bordeaux (wine coming from Bordeaux in France)


ampelography

From French ampélographie, from ampelo- (“vine”) + -graphy.

She is the American apostle of Pierre Galet, a Frenchman whose internationally recognized contribution to ampelography, or the science of classifying grape vines, rests on identifying leaf design and the appearance of a vine's growing tips.

1986 August 6, Howard G. Goldberg, “Wine Talk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page C18:

Scientists are just now devising a genetic test to distinguish one rootstock from another. Until they do, the only recourse is the arcane art of ampelography, in which the vines are identified by physical appearance. Like art authenticators, ampelographers practice a craft that they would have others think is a science.

1993 October 17, Arthur Lubow, “What's Killing the Grapevines of Napa?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The mainstay of grapevine identification is the science of ampelography, and manuals of ampelography (Galet 1971) are the major resource for grapevine identification.

1993, Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Volume 8, Australian Wine Research Institute, page 78:

(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


Bacchus

la-proper noun

Bacchus m (genitive Bacchī); second declension

Bacchī (genitive)
Bacchus (nominative singular)
Bacchī (nominative plural)
Bacchī (genitive singular)
Bacchōrum (genitive plural)
Bacchō (dative singular)
Bacchīs (dative plural)
Bacchum (accusative singular)
Bacchōs (accusative plural)
Bacchō (ablative singular)
Bacchīs (ablative plural)
Bacche (singular vocative)
Bacchī (plural vocative)

→ English: Bacchus (learned)

→ French: Bacchus (learned)

→ Italian: Bacco, bacco (learned)

→ Portuguese: Baco (learned)

→ Spanish: Baco (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βάκχος (Bákkhos).

bor+

Tum vīctū revocant vīrēs, fūsīque per herbamimplentur veteris Bacchī pinguisque ferīnae.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.214–215

Then they restore their strength with the provisions, and, stretched on the grass, they fill up on old wine and fat venison.


varietal

/vəˈɹaɪətəl/

An assessment of a selection of regional, varietal, and slang dictionaries also found that little lexicographical effort has been extended to these terms.

2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 2:

(linguistics) Of or relating to a variety of a language.


vintage

Unadapted borrowing from English vintage.

ubor

vintage (wine, especially high-quality, identified as to year and vineyard or district of origin)


wineskin

Coordinate term: waterskin

A bag, traditionally made from the skin of a goat (a goatskin), used for holding and dispensing wine.


urna

From Latin urna, usually derived from ūrō (“to burn, to singe”) in reference to the firing of the clay in their creation. Doublet of urn.

A wine vessel, probably the Roman urna, which contained half the quantity of the amphora.

1810, A Description of the Collection of Ancient Terracottas of the British Museum, British Museum, No. XXXIX, page 22:

The congius was the 8th part of the amphora, and the 4th of the urna: it contained 6 sextarii.

1847, Francis Adams, The Seven Books of Paulus Ægeineta, volume 3, The Sydenham Society, page 623:

It follows that the seah must equal the urna, and the hin equal 2 Attic choes.

1903, Sir Charles Warren, The Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures, page 89:

(historical) A Roman unit of liquid measure reckoned as the volume of 40 Roman pounds of wine and equivalent to about 13 L although differing slightly over time.


urna

la-noun

ūrna f (genitive ūrnae); first declension

ūrna (canonical feminine)
ūrnae (genitive)
ūrna (nominative singular)
ūrnae (nominative plural)
ūrnae (genitive singular)
ūrnārum (genitive plural)
ūrnae (dative singular)
ūrnīs (dative plural)
ūrnam (accusative singular)
ūrnās (accusative plural)
ūrnā (ablative singular)
ūrnīs (ablative plural)
ūrna (singular vocative)
ūrnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: urna

Catalan: urna

English: urn, urna

Esperanto: urno

French: urne

Galician: urna

Georgian: ურნა (urna)

German: Urne

Italian: urna

Norwegian: urne (Bokmål), urne (Nynorsk)

Portuguese: urna

Romanian: urnă

Russian: у́рна (úrna)

Spanish: urna

Typically derived from ūrō (“burn, singe”), in reference to the firing of the clay in their creation.

𐌄𐌂𐌏𐌖𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌃𐌉𐌀𐌔𐌌𐌀𐌌𐌀𐌓[𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌌]𐌄𐌃𐌖𐌇𐌄[𐌂𐌄𐌃]
ECOVRNATITAVENDIASMAMAR[COSM]EDVHE[CED]
eco urna tita vendias mamar[cos m]ed vhe[ced]
I am the urn of Tita Vendia. Mamar[cos had me made].

urn, a moderately sized vessel for drawing water

(chiefly historical) ballot box, particularly the urns used in gathering Roman ballots under the Republic

urn, a moderately sized vessel used to store the ashes of the cremated dead

bank, coin jar, a jar or urn used to store money

(historical) urna, a Roman unit of liquid measure equivalent to about 13 L


foxy

(slang) The recreational drug 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT).


foxy

en-adj

foxy (comparative foxier, superlative foxiest)

foxier (comparative)
foxiest (superlative)


fusty

fusty (comparative fustier, superlative fustiest)

fustier (comparative)
fustiest (superlative)

From Old French fust (“wood”) (modern French fût (“cask”)), from Latin fūstis (“a cudgel”).
Compare Scots foosty.

In contrast to exploitation or suppression or even alienation, involution is presented as part of the natural order of things—like bad weather. You can’t point fingers at an abstraction or rally against a fusty term from an anthropology text.

2021 May 14, Yi-Ling Liu, “China’s “Involuted” Generation”, in The New Yorker:

An anonymously sourced report by one of Britain’s freewheeling tabloid newspapers has sparked a debate over both tabloid journalistic ethics and sexism in Parliament, leading some to question whether the institution is capable of shedding its fusty reputation and becoming an inclusive workplace.

2022 April 26, Stephen Castle, Megan Specia, “U.K. Tabloid Accuses Lawmaker of ‘Basic Instinct’ Move, Highlighting Sexism in Parliament”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Oh sweet surprise - oh dear delight
To find it undisputed quite -
All musty, fusty rules despite,
That Art is wrong and Nature right!

1893, W. S. Gilbert, Utopia, Limited, Act II:

(figuratively, by extension) Old-fashioned, refusing to change or update.

старомоден

old-fashioned, refusing to change or update


ρετσίνα

head

ρετσίνα • (retsína) f

el-noun

ρετσίνα • (retsína) f

retsína (romanization)
ρετσίνα (nominative singular)
ρετσίνες (nominative plural)
ρετσίνας (genitive singular)
ρετσίνα (accusative singular)
ρετσίνες (accusative plural)
ρετσίνα (singular vocative)
ρετσίνες (plural vocative)

From Byzantine Greek ῥετσίνα (rhetsína), from Italian resina (“resin”). Doublet of ρετσίνι (retsíni) and ρητίνη (ritíni).


retsina

en-noun

retsina (countable and uncountable, plural retsinas)

Borrowed from Greek ρετσίνα (retsína), from ρετσίνι (retsíni, “resin”), from Ancient Greek ῥητίνη (rhētínē, “pine resin”).

der

She serves the smooth retsina / She keeps me safe and warm / It's just the calm before the storm

1977, Donald Fagen, Walter Becker (lyrics and music), “Home at Last”, in Aja, performed by Steely Dan:

A Greek resinated white or rosé wine of a sort that has been produced for at least 2700 years.