German

en-noun

German (countable and uncountable, plural Germans)

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

From Latin Germānus, Germānī (“the peoples of Germānia”), as distinct from Gauls (in the writings of Caesar and Tacitus), and of uncertain ultimate origin (possibly Celtic/Gaulish).
Not related to german (“closely related”) or germane (from the Latin adjective germānus, through Old French).
Attested since at least 1520. Replaced the older terms Almain and Dutch (from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz) in English. Besides cognates of German, Almain, and Dutch, two other categories of words for the Germans in other languages are cognates of Saxon and descendants of Proto-Slavic *němьcь; see those entries for more.
The surname is generally from the noun, though sometimes confused with Herman, Hermann under Russian influence. As a German surname, Americanized from Germann. Compare Germán, Germain, Jerman.

There are some 32 different terms for prison officers, from the humorously affectionate kanga(rhyming slang:kangaroo = screw) and the variants Scooby-Doo and Dr. Who via the mildly confrontational German (as if still the enemy over 50 years after World War II!) to the outright abuse of shit-parcel.

1996, Angela Devlin, Prison Patter, Waterside Press, →ISBN:


deuce

From Middle English dewes (“two”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French deus, from Latin duo. The word was used by Ford to describe a model of car they made in 1932 due to it being a two-seater.

(Canada, US, slang) A piece of excrement; number two.

The number two.
A piece of excrement; number two.

Bisexual male, 28, doing a deuce in a segregated housing unit due to positive HIV test result, seeks correspondence from both genders.

1988 December 25, Eric Peterson, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 24, page 14:

(Canada, slang) A two-year prison sentence.

The number two.
A two-year prison sentence.


prisoner of war

prisoner of war (plural prisoners of war)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-PerfectSoundWhatever-prisoner of war.wav

Calque of French prisonnier de guerre, prisonier de guerre (obsolete).

As a prisoner of war, he was interrogated by his enemy captors.

A combatant or soldier who is captured by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

rob lufte

combatant or soldier captured by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict


mill

Sranan Tongo: miri

→ Hindi: मिल (mil)

From Middle English mylne, mille, from Old English mylen, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnu (“mill”), from Late Latin molīna, molīnum, molīnus (“mill”), from Latin molō (“grind, mill”, verb), closely allied to Proto-Germanic *muljaną (“to crush, grind”) (see English millstone). Perhaps cognate with Milne (a surname). Doublet of moline and moulin.

cog

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

every miller draws water to his own mill

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

(World War I– World War II, US military slang) A military prison, either guardhouse or post prison.


hole

→ Japanese: ホール (hōru)

→ Korean: 홀 (hol)

Sranan Tongo: olo

Inherited from Middle English hole, hol, from Old English hol (“orifice, hollow place, cavity”), from Proto-West Germanic *hol, from Proto-Germanic *hulą (“hollow space, cavity”), noun derivative of Proto-Germanic *hulaz (“hollow”), which is of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to hollow.

отвор

orifice (see anus etc. for specific body cavities)

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

In late December a Washington State prisoner was involved in a scuffle with a guard who was trying to take him into the hole.

1988 April 2, Ed Mead, “AIDS hysteria sweeps prison guards' union”, in Gay Community News, page 9:

Disciplinary actions can range from a mere write up to serious time in the hole.

2011, Ahmariah Jackson, IAtomic Seven, Locked Up but Not Locked Down:

Solitary confinement
solitary confinement

(informal, with "the") Solitary confinement, a high-security prison cell often used as punishment.


pen

From Middle English pen, penne (“enclosure for animals”), from Old English penn (“enclosure, fold, pen”), from Proto-Germanic *pennō, *pannijō (“pin, bolt, nail, tack”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pin.
Sense “prison” originally figurative extension to “enclosure for persons” (1845), later influenced by penitentiary (“prison”), being analyzed as an abbreviation (1884).

der

They caught him with a stolen horse, and he wound up in the pen again.

(slang) A penitentiary, i.e. a state or federal prison for convicted felons.


bubble

Partly imitative, also influenced by burble. Compare Middle Dutch bobbe (“bubble”) > Dutch bubbel (“bubble”), Low German bubbel (“bubble”), Danish boble (“bubble”), Swedish bubbla (“bubble”). The word was first used in its economic sense in association with the collapse of the South Sea Company in 1720, based on the metaphor of an inflated soap bubble bursting.

onom

imitative

Later that day, the unit was staffed with only one officer, who was required to stay in the bubble.

1998, District of Columbia Appropriations for 1998: Hearings:

An officer's station in a prison dormitory, affording views on all sides.


bubble

en-verb

bubble (third-person singular simple present bubbles, present participle bubbling, simple past and past participle bubbled)

bubbles (present singular third-person)
bubbling (participle present)
bubbled (participle past)
bubbled (past)

onom

imitative

Cross out answers as you eliminate them, and practice bubbling your answers on the sheet provided at the very end of the book.

2011, Allison Amend, Adam Robinson, Cracking the SAT.: Literature Subject Test, page 126:

They bubbled her answers on Scantron tests, changed her sanitary napkins, helped her get in and out of the bathroom with a minimum of fuss.

2014, Cammie McGovern, Say What You Will:

You don’t want to go back and forth between the test booklet and your answer sheet to bubble your answers.

2019, Crash Course for the ACT, 6th Edition: Your Last-Minute Guide to Scoring High, page 15:

(transitive) To bubble in; to mark a response on a form by filling in a circular area (‘bubble’).


cell

cy-noun

cell f (plural celloedd, diminutive cellan)

celloedd (plural)
cellan (diminutive)
cell
gell (soft)
nghell
chell

From Middle Welsh kell, from Proto-Brythonic *kell, from Latin cella.


loch

loszek (diminutive)
loch (nominative singular)
lochy (nominative plural)
lochu (genitive singular)
lochów (genitive plural)
lochowi (dative singular)
lochom (dative plural)
loch (accusative singular)
lochy (accusative plural)
lochem (instrumental singular)
lochami (instrumental plural)
lochu (locative singular)
lochach (locative plural)
lochu (singular vocative)
lochy (plural vocative)

dungeon (an underground prison or vault)


box

en-noun

box (plural boxes or (nonstandard, computing, humorous) boxen)

boxes (plural)
boxen (humorous nonstandard plural)

Tok Pisin: bokis

→ Afrikaans: boks

→ Bengali: বাক্স (bakśo)

→ Bulgarian: бокс (boks)

→ Crimean Tatar: boks

→ Danish: boks

→ Dutch: box m

→ Faroese: boks

→ French: box m

→ German: Box f

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बकस m (bakas), बक्सा m (baksā)

Urdu: بکس m (baks, bakas)

→ Icelandic: box n

→ Indonesian: boks

→ Irish: bosca m

→ Italian: box m

→ Japanese: ボックス (bokkusu)

→ Korean: 박스 (bakseu)

→ Maori: pāka

→ Marwari: बकस (baks, bakas)

→ Nepali: बाकस (bākas)

→ Norman: bosc m

→ Norwegian: boks m

→ Pashto: بکس (baks)

→ Persian: باکس (bâks)

→ Polish: boks m

→ Portuguese: box m

→ Russian: бокс m (boks)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bogsa m, bocsa

→ Spanish: box m

→ Swedish: box c

→ Welsh: bocs

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos)
Ancient Greek -ις (-is)
Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís)bor.
Late Latin buxisbor.
Proto-West Germanic *buhsā
Old English box
Middle English box
English box
From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”). Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.
Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish hjulbössa (“wheel-box”).
The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

rasia

compartment or receptacle for receiving items

ramme

rectangular border around an image, text, etc.

ruutu

small area on a document for a tick mark

tofu

empty box displayed by some computer systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts

“I dare say the sheriff, or the mayor and corporation, or some of those sort of people, would give him money enough, for the use of it, to run him up a mighty pretty neat little box somewhere near Richmond.”

1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, III.vi.9:

Suburban villas, highway-ſide retreats, / That dread th' encroachment of our growing ſtreets, / Tight boxes, neatly ſaſh'd, and in a blaze / With all a July ſun's collected rays, / Delight the citizen, who gaſping there, / Breathes clouds of duſt and calls it country air.

1782, William Cowper, “Retirement”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 282:

What can a man know of a country or its people, who, merely passes through the former in a stage coach? […] Such were the arguments by which I induced myself to undertake a pedestrian trip to join my friend at his shooting-box, some hundred and fifty miles from Carlisle, where I had arrived from London; business compelling me to take that route.

[1840?], [John Mackay] Wilson, “The Runaway”, in Wilson’s Historical, Traditionary, and Imaginative Tales of the Borders, and of Scotland: […], volume VI, number 273, Manchester: Published by James Ainsworth, […]; London: E. T. Brain & Co., […]; New York, N.Y.: R. T. Shannon, →OCLC, page 97:

Senses relating to a three-dimensional object or space.


刖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋroːd, *ŋod, *ŋuːd): phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod) + semantic 刂.
Related to 兀 (OC *ŋuːd, “to cut the feet”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

See also: 剕

(historical) to cut off one or both feet as a form of punishment, one of the 五刑 (wǔxíng, “Five Punishments”)


劓

(historical) punishment by cutting off the nose, one of the 五刑 (wǔxíng, “Five Punishments”)


牢

→ Manchu: ᠯᠣᠣ (loo)

→ Solon: lō

→ Zhuang: lauz

→ Vietnamese: rào

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”)

抱牢勿放

捏牢

伊吃牢我。

(Northern Wu) indicates continuous aspect


牢

牢 (canonical)
rō (romanization)
rau (romanization)
らう (hiragana historical)


獄

From Middle Chinese 獄 /狱 (ngjowk, “prison”).


獄

Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) + 屋 (ya, “house”).


screw

From Middle English screw, scrue (“screw”); apparently, despite the difference in meaning, from Old French escroue (“nut, cylindrical socket, screwhole”), from Latin scrōfa (“female pig”) through comparison with the corkscrew shape of a pig's penis. There is also the Old French escruve (“screw”), from Old Dutch *scrūva ("screw"; whence Middle Dutch schruyve (“screw”)), which probably influenced or conflated with the aforementioned, resulting in the Middle English word.
more on the etymology of screw
Old French escroue (whence Medieval Latin scrofa (“nut, screwhole”)), is believed to be an adaptation of Latin scrōfa (“sow, female pig”); but this development is not found in other Romance languages. (For change in meaning, compare also Spanish puerca, Portuguese porca, both ‘sow; screw nut’, and is based on the fact that a boar's penis has a screw-like tip, making the sow's vulva equivalent to a screw nut by analogy).
Old Dutch *scrūva possibly derives from Proto-Germanic *skrūbō (“screw”), from *skru- (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keru-, *(s)ker- (“to cut”), and is related to German Schraube (“screw”), Low German schruve, schruwe (“screw”), Dutch schroef (“screw”), West Frisian skroef (“screw”), Danish skrue (“screw”), Swedish skruv (“screw, peg”), Icelandic skrúfa (“screw”).
Compare also Occitan escrofa (“screw nut”), Calabrese scrufina (“screw nut”), which may be borrowings of the Old French word, or parallel developments.

gloss

"screw"; whence Middle Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">schruyve</i> (“screw”)

cog

the first turn of the screw pays all debts

A device that has a helical function.
An Archimedes screw.

If I don't go back to my boy friend he'll be as mad as hell. He's a sulky brute, but Christ, he's a good screw.

1944, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter 5, in The Razor’s Edge […], 1st American edition, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., →OCLC, section ii, page 211:

"Swear it!" Kathleen screamed. "Let her know that she's just another screw. Because, darling, that's all you are. So go on, tell her!"

1990, Susan Lewis, Stolen Beginnings, HarperPaperbacks, published 1992, →ISBN, page 122:

She was just a girl, like any of the girls he had had so easily, just another screw.

1993, William Gill, Fortune's Child, HarperCollins Canada, published 1994, →ISBN, page 42:

Mary was Eli's favorite screw because she was clean, pretty, a good mother, funny, and alway was able to make herself available for their twice a week fucks as easily as he was.

2009, Sam Moffie, The Book of Eli, Mill City Press, published 2009, →ISBN, page 6:

(vulgar, slang) A casual sexual partner.


disincarcerate

en-verb

disincarcerate (third-person singular simple present disincarcerates, present participle disincarcerating, simple past and past participle disincarcerated)

disincarcerates (present singular third-person)
disincarcerating (participle present)
disincarcerated (participle past)
disincarcerated (past)

(obsolete, transitive) To liberate from prison.


incarcerate

incarcerate (third-person singular simple present incarcerates, present participle incarcerating, simple past and past participle incarcerated)

incarcerates (present singular third-person)
incarcerating (participle present)
incarcerated (participle past)
incarcerated (past)

/ɪnˈkɑː.səˌɹeɪt/

/ɪnˈkɑɹ.səˌɹeɪt/

From Medieval Latin incarcerātus, past participle of incarcerō (“to imprison”), from Latin in- (“in”) + carcer (“a prison”), meaning "put behind lines (bars)" – Latin root is of a lattice or grid. Related to cancel (“cross out with lines”) and chancel (“area behind a lattice”). See also carcerate and cancer.

Tolokonnikova has also been an effective public speaker even while incarcerated, but she has spoken out on politics and freedom in general rather than prisoners’ rights.

2013 September 23, Masha Gessen, “Life in a Russian Prison”, in New York Times, retrieved 2013-09-24:

(chiefly US) To lock away; to imprison, especially for breaking the law.


ghost

ghost (third-person singular simple present ghosts, present participle ghosting, simple past and past participle ghosted)

ghosts (present singular third-person)
ghosting (participle present)
ghosted (participle past)
ghosted (past)

Inherited from Middle English gost, from Old English gāst (which was the word for “spirit” as well as “ghost”; the original sense survives in Modern English Holy Ghost), from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysdos, derived from *ǵʰéysd- (“anger, agitation”).
The ⟨h⟩ in the spelling appears in the Prologue to William Caxton's Royal Book, printed in 1484, in a reference to the ‘Holy Ghoost’, likely introduced by Caxton's assistant, Wynkyn de Worde, as a result of Flemish influence, where it was spelled gheest at the time. Doublet of geist.

His power base, however, is undermined by him being constantly, “ghosted”, or moved from prison to prison.

2020, Jamie Bennett, Victoria Knight, Prisoners on Prison Films, page 26:

(transitive) To transfer (a prisoner) to another prison without the prior knowledge of other inmates.


gulag

Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG), the acronym of Гла́вное управле́ние исправи́тельно-трудовы́х лагере́й (Glávnoje upravlénije ispravítelʹno-trudovýx lageréj, “Chief Administration of Corrective-Labor Camps”), the government agency in charge of the Soviet Union’s network of forced labour camps, which was established in 1918 and formally abolished in 1960: see GULAG.

A prison camp, especially one used to hold political prisoners.


executioner

/ˌɛksəˈkjuːʃənə/

An official person who carries out the capital punishment of a criminal.

therës

the person who carries out the execution

A hit man, especially being in some organization.


execution

en-noun

execution (countable and uncountable, plural executions)

From Old French execution (c.1360), from Latin exsecutiō, an agent noun from exsequor (“to follow out”), from ex (“out”) + sequor (“follow”).

The mission's successful execution lifted the troops' morale.

Coordinate term: realization

uitvoering

act of executing or the state of being executed


political prisoner

political prisoner (plural political prisoners)

Section 2 directs the Secretary of State and the Secretary of War to furnish to the judges of the circuit and district courts of the United States and of the District of Columbia, a list of the names of all persons, citizens of loyal States, held as State or political prisoners of the United States, in any for, arsenal, or other place […]

1864, Edward McPherson, The Political History of the United States of America, During the Great Rebellion, from November 6, 1860, to July 4, 1864:

The political prisoner, however, undergoes cross-examination, as do all other prisoners, at the hands of the Court on the threshold of the trial, before any evidence on the part of the prosecution or the defense has been adduced.

1920 December 7, The World Tomorrow, volume 3, page 377:

This is the first major study that examines the community of Palestinian political prisoners in the Israeli prison system.

2008, Esmail Nashif, Palestinian Political Prisoners: Identity and Community, page ii:

A person imprisoned for their political views or political activism.


runner

From Middle English rennere, rynner, urnare, equivalent to run + -er. Cognate with Old Norse rennari (“runner; messenger”). Displaced earlier Middle English runel (“runner”), from Old English rynel (“runner”; also “messenger, courier”).

махови́к

mechanical part intended to guide or aid something else to move

In our prisons you might find a condemned man working as a runner, a trusty, which is about as far from segregation as you can get.

1959, Frederick S. Baldi, My Unwelcome Guests, page 25:

(US, dated) A trusty (prisoner granted special privileges).

A leaping food fish (Elagatis pinnulatis) of Florida and the West Indies; the skipjack, shoemaker, or yellowtail.


koza

kózka (diminutive)
koza (nominative singular)
kozy (nominative plural)
kozy (genitive singular)
kóz (genitive plural)
kozie (dative singular)
kozom (dative plural)
kozę (accusative singular)
kozy (accusative plural)
kozą (instrumental singular)
kozami (instrumental plural)
kozie (locative singular)
kozach (locative plural)
kozo (singular vocative)
kozy (plural vocative)

→ Low Prussian: Koss

Cobitis taenia
Cobitis taenia#Translingual

any spined loach (Cobitis, especially Cobitis taenia or golden loach)


imprisonment

imprisonment (countable and uncountable, plural imprisonments)

From Anglo-Norman emprisonement, from Old French emprisonnement. See imprison + -ment.

His sinews woxen weake and raw / Through long emprisonment and hard constraint.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 2:

Every confinement of the person is an imprisonment, whether it be in a common prison, or in a private house, or even by forcibly detaining one in the public streets.

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

Oh, by what plots, by what forswearings, betrayings, oppressions, imprisonments, tortures, poisonings, and under what reasons of state and politic subtilty, have these forenamed kings […] pulled the vengeance of God upon themselves […]

1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e., Walter Raleigh], The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby for Walter Burre, […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=1 to 5):

A confinement in a place, especially a prison or a jail, especially as punishment for a crime.


gryps

grypsik (diminutive)
gryps (nominative singular)
grypsy (nominative plural)
grypsu (genitive singular)
grypsów (genitive plural)
grypsowi (dative singular)
grypsom (dative plural)
gryps (accusative singular)
grypsy (accusative plural)
grypsem (instrumental singular)
grypsami (instrumental plural)
grypsie (locative singular)
grypsach (locative plural)
grypsie (singular vocative)
grypsy (plural vocative)

Deverbal from grypsnąć (“to snatch”), from German gripsen. Alternatively, borrowed from German Grips (“wit”).

(prison slang) secret message (clandestine communication between prisoners)


turnkey

He saw the same Turnkey unfetter a man / With but little expedition, / Which put him in mind of the long debate / On the Slave-trade abolition.

1834 [1799], Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, “The Devil's Thoughts”, in The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge, volume II, London: W. Pickering, page 86:

[…]they passed through an open door into a lobby, from which a heavy gate, opposite to that by which they had entered, and which was guarded by a stout turnkey with the key in his hand, led at once into the interior of the prison.

1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the chapter name)”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

'Certainly not,' said the turnkey; and the first corroborated his statement.

1883, Thomas Hardy, The Three Strangers:

(archaic) A warder or jailer/gaoler; keeper of the keys in a prison.


calaboose

Tok Pisin: kalabus

From Cajun French calabousse, from Spanish calabozo. Doublet of calabozo.

The slaughter-house is gone from the mouth of Bear Creek and so is the small jail (or 'calaboose') which once stood in its neighborhood. A citizen asked, 'Do you remember when Jimmy Finn, the town drunkard, was burned to death in the calaboose?'

1883, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter 56, in Life on the Mississippi, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, →OCLC:

Bogator: (Still unbelieving) And you turned the calaboose over?

1937, Langston Hughes, When the Jack Hollers; or Careless Love: A Negro-Folk Comedy in Three Acts, in The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Volume 5. The Plays to 1942: Mulatto to The Sun Do Move, Leslie Catherine Sanders (ed.), Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002, pp. 392-3, Bogator: Aunt Billie, I thought you were in jail! Aunt Billie: I was, but I got tired of that little ole privy-sized jail, so I jest turned it over and come out! […]

[…] he had but recently come out of Calaboose, where he had been serving a term for debt […]

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter IX, in Capricornia, New York: D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 150:

Thereupon the Administrator in Rabaul almost outdid himself in defending corporal punishment […] and demanded drastic alternative punishments, for the "calaboose" (Kalabus: Tok Pisin for prison) "is the native's paradise."

1995, Hermann Hiery, chapter 2, in The Neglected War: The German South Pacific and the Influence of World War I, University of Hawaii Press, page 82:

The first calaboose or city jail used by the officers of the law was located on Cumberland Street, just below the vacant lot adjacent to the Star Steam Laundry.

2001, Sylvia D. Lynch, To Protect and Serve: History of the Knoxville Police Department, 1849-2001, Turner Publishing Company, page 79:

In his opinion it would seem that certain usages of colloquial English in Australia and New Zealand in the early 1800s could have been selected as conventional usages in the developing contact jargon. Many of these usages are still part of colloquial speech today in both of these countries, for example: fella for 'one', […] no good, orright, calaboose, […]

2004, Darrell T. Tryon, Jean-Michel Charpentier, chapter 5, in Pacific Pidgins and Creoles: Origins, Growth and Development, Mouton de Gruyter, page 117:

(US, Australia, dialect) A prison or jail/gaol.


electrocutioner

/ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuʃənɚ/

/ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuːʃənə/

Blend of electrocution + executioner, or electrocution + -er

U.S. Supreme Court: STATE OF LA. EX REL. FRANCIS v. RESWEBER, 329 U.S. 459 (1947) 329 U.S. 459 STATE OF LOUISIANA ex rel. FRANCIS v. RESWEBER, sheriff, et al. No. 142.
'Then the electrocutioner turned on the switch and when he did Willie Francis' lips puffed out and he groaned and jumped so that the chair came off the floor. Apparently the switch was turned on twice and then the condemned man yelled: 'Take it off. Let me breath." Affidavit of official witness Harold Resweber, dated May 23, 1946.

Smiling as I throw the switch that takes away their breath
I see life as an interruption to the tune of death

1978, The Residents (lyrics and music), “The Electrocutioner”, in Duck Stab/Buster & Glen, performed by Monica Ganas and Snakefinger:

an executioner who carries out an execution by means of electricity.


population

Borrowed from Late Latin populatio (“a people, multitude”), as if a noun of action from Classical Latin populus. Doublet of poblacion.

bor+

invånarantal (often expressed as "har X invånare" instead)

I would like to say something about the place I am doing time at. When I was placed in population, I met another woman and we immediately became good friends.

1985 April 6, Jackie Beattie, “More Power To Us All”, in Gay Community News, page 4:


jail

en-verb

jail (third-person singular simple present jails, present participle jailing, simple past and past participle jailed)

jails (present singular third-person)
jailing (participle present)
jailed (participle past)
jailed (past)

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, via Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, for Late Latin caveola, a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.

It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.

2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

A 22-year-old man has been jailed for life with a minimum term of 25 years for fatally stabbing 22-year-old Tashan Daniel in an unprovoked attack at Hillingdon Underground station on September 24 2019.

2020 September 9, “Network News: Man jailed for Hillingdon murder”, in Rail, page 25:


prison

en-noun

prison (countable and uncountable, plural prisons)

From Middle English prisoun, prison, a borrowing from Old French prison, from Latin prehensiōnem, accusative singular of prehensiō, from the verb prehendō. Doublet of prehension.

The cold stone walls of the prison had stood for over a century.

A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.

абахҭа

place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes

Prison was a harrowing experience for him.


lagging

lagging (usually uncountable, plural laggings)

"Whether you'll get a nine or a lagging depends on the answer you give me, Mrs. Inglethorne."

1926, Edgar Wallace, The Square Emerald:

(slang, countable) A prison sentence, originally one of at least three years.


joint

The noun is from Middle English joynt (attested since the late 13th century), from Old French joint (“joint of the body”) (attested since the 12th century). The adjective (attested since the 15th century) is from Old French jointiz. Both Old French words are from Latin iūnctus, the past participle of iungō. See also join, jugular.
The meaning of "building, establishment", especially in connection with shady activities, appeared in Anglo-Irish by 1821 and entered general American English slang by 1877, especially in the sense of "opium den". The sense "marijuana cigarette" is attested since 1935. The development to meaning "any thing" also happened to the Scots and Memphian form junt and the Mid-Atlantic/Philadelphian form jawn.

verbinding

point of a rigid joint, means of joining in carpentry

I'm just trying to stay out of the joint.

en:place of business or human activity
en:prison, jail, or lockup

(chiefly US slang, may be somewhat derogatory) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).

(slang, with the definite article) Prison, jail, or lockup.


jigger

A slang term of unknown origin, originally meaning prison. Oxford English Dictionary suggests that its origin might be the same as Etymology 1, above.

According to a disciplinary notice, a correctional officer saw a "jigger string" coming from cell H-2 to Harper's cell. A jigger string is used to move objects between cells.

1990, “Supreme Court of Iowa”, in Court Listener, Harper v. State, 463 N.W.2d 418 (Iowa 1990):


quod

quod (countable and uncountable, plural quods)

Abbreviation of quadrangle; originally (17th century) referring to the quadrangles of Newgate Prison, London.

c. 1894, Acquaintance of Norman Lindsay, quoted in 2005, James Cockington, Banned: Tales From the Bizarre History of Australian Obscenity, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, paperback →ISBN, page 7,
I don′t suppose you'll get more than a couple of months′ quod for them.

(uncountable, Australia, slang) Confinement in a prison.


mew

From Middle English mewe, mue, mwe, from Anglo-Norman mue, muwe, and Middle French mue (“shedding feathers; cage for moulting birds; prison”), from muer (“to moult”).

der

(obsolete) A prison, or other place of confinement.


incarceration

en-noun

incarceration (countable and uncountable, plural incarcerations)

/ɪŋˌkɑː(ɹ)səˈɹeɪʃən/

A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but not great enough to cause strangulation.


jailer

Inherited from Middle English gayoler, gayler, jayler, from Old French jaiolier, gaiolier, from jaiole. By surface analysis, jail + -er.

Sometimes some of the ejected ministers preached to them privately, and now and then the jailer allowed Mr. H. to go out in the night to preach to them, and administer the Lord's Supper.

1775, Samuel Palmer, The Nonconformist's Memorial:

But the next morning came, and my coffee was brought by her mother; the next, and the next, by the under jailers; and Angiola continued grievously ill.

1883, Silvio Pellico, chapter 32, in My Ten Years' Imprisonment:

The jailer was also roused by the earthquake and came to the outer door; he was perhaps a soldier, or at least had something of Roman discipline, giving him presence of mind.

2001, Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, St. Paul: The Traveler and Roman Citizen, page 176:

One who enforces confinement in a jail or prison.


git

git (nominative singular)
gici (nominative plural)
gity (derogatory nominative plural)
gita (genitive singular)
gitów (genitive plural)
gitowi (dative singular)
gitom (dative plural)
gita (accusative singular)
gitów (accusative plural)
gitem (instrumental singular)
gitami (instrumental plural)
gicie (locative singular)
gitach (locative plural)
gicie (singular vocative)
gici (plural vocative)

(prison slang) member of a prison subculture that occupies the highest position in the internal hierarchy


slammer

A man being sentenced for starving some horses chose 24 hours in the slammer with no food rather than seven days with the regular amenities.

1971 June 7, “Better Than Prison”, in Time:

(slang, usually "the slammer") Jail, prison.

I was in Britain, wanting to take a train to Portsmouth, and I only needed a one-way ticket. I did love the English trains; we still had slammers then. A slammer is a train where you got to slam the door shut yourself.

2009, Claude Lambert, On Pets and Men, page 33:

A fraudster who carries out slamming (fraudulent changes to a customer's service).


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

The metal part on a curb bit that falls below the mouthpiece, which length controls the severity of the leverage action of the bit, and to which the reins of the bridle are attached.

The end or remainder, particularly of a period of time.

the shank of the morning

AMANDA: Going now? You're joking! Why, it's only the shank of the evening, Mr. O’Connor!

1945, Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie, page 92:

The main part or beginning of a period of time.


dungeon

From Middle English dongeoun (“keep of a castle; dungeon; abyss, cave, den; whirlpool”), from Anglo-Norman donjun (“keep of a castle; keep used as a prison; dungeon”) and continental Old French donjon (“keep of a castle”), from Vulgar Latin *dominiōnem, seemingly derived from Latin dominus (“master, lord”) perhaps via some figurative sense like “dominant building”. Doublet of donjon. The sense of “prison (associated with a castle)”, first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and apparently never in continental Old French, likely developed in combination with Old English dung (“underground prison cell”), whence Middle English donge (“pit, abyss” - senses that are also attested for Middle English dongeoun).
The game term has been popularized by Dungeons & Dragons.

der

“pit, abyss” - senses that are also attested for Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">dongeoun</i>

Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon.

1911, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Bunyan, John”, in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:

An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle.

(obsolete) The main tower of a motte or castle; a keep or donjon.

torre mestra

the main tower of a motte or castle; a keep or donjon

(roleplaying games) An area inhabited by enemies, containing story objectives, treasure, and bosses.

(BDSM) A room dedicated to sadomasochistic sexual activity.


prisoner

From Middle English prisoner, from Old French prisonier (compare Medieval Latin prisōnārius), equivalent to prison + -er.

The evidence disclosed that the three prisoners were in a public-house together with the prosecutor, Abraham Rhodes, and that in concert with the other two prisoners, the prisoner John Dewhirst placed a pencase on the table in the room where they were assembled, and left the room to get writing-paper.

1861, Edward William Cox, Reports of Cases in Criminal Law:

A person incarcerated in a prison, while on trial or serving a sentence.

And gainſt the General we will lift our ſwords / And either lanch his greedie thirſting throat, / Or take him priſoner, and his chaine ſhall ſerue / For Manackles, till he be ranſom’d home.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Captain Edward Carlisle, soldier as he was, martinet as he was, felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, her alluring smile ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

presu

figurative: any person held against his or her will

I am no longer a prisoner to fear, for I am a child of God.

A person who is or feels confined or trapped by a situation or a set of circumstances.


coop

Dutch Bantam
Marshall, Texas
Oxford English Dictionary
coop

From Middle English cǒupe, cupe, from Old English cȳpe (“basket, cask”) or possibly from Middle Dutch cûpe (compare modern Dutch kuip, Saterland Frisian kupe, Middle Low German kûpe), from Old Saxon *kûpa, côpa (“cask”) (compare Middle Low German kôpe, Old High German chôfa, chuofa, Middle High German kuofe, modern regional German Kufe f (“cask”)), probably from Latin cūpa, Medieval Latin cōpa (“cask”) (thus a doublet of coupe, cup, and keeve). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that if the word is from Latin, “it is difficult to account for the umlaut in Old English cýpe”.

'Tis the cruel gripe, / That lean hard-handed poverty inflicts, / The hope of better things, the chance to win, / The wiſh to ſhine, the thirſt to be amus'd, / That at the found of Winter's hoary wing, / Unpeople all our counties, of ſuch herds, / Of flutt'ring, loit'ring, cringing, begging, looſe, / And wanton vagrants, as make London, vaſt / And boundless as it is, a crowded coop.

1785, William Cowper, “The Garden”, in The Task, a Poem, in Six Books. By William Cowper … To which are Added, by the Same Author, An Epistle to Joseph Hill, Esq. Tirocinium, or a Review of Schools, and The History of John Gilpin, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, No. 72 St. Paul's Church-Yard, OCLC 221351486; republished as The Task. A Poem. In Six Books. To which is Added, Tirocinium: or, A Review of Schools, new edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed for Thomas Dobson, bookseller, in Second-street, second door above Chestnut-street, 1787, OCLC 23630717, page 87

Why think to shut up all things in your narrow coop, when we know there are not one or two only, but ten, twenty, a thousand things, and unlike?

1850, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Montaigne; or, the Skeptic”, in Representative Men. Seven Lectures, London: George Routledge & Co., Soho Square, →OCLC, page 94:

Lou Brent rolled from his cot, got to his feet on the floor of the tiny coop.

1929 September, Raoul F[alconia] Whitfield, “The Dog-Fight”, in Boys' Life, volume XIX, number 9, Irving, Tx.: Boy Scouts of America, →ISSN, page 18:

coop. A (gen., from ca. 1880, a country-town) prison: 1785, Sessions Papers of the Old Bailey, Sept., p. 1111, 'He has been in coop for a week'; […]

1968, Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of the Underworld: British and American; being the Vocabularies of Crooks, Criminals, Racketeers, Beggars and Tramps, Convicts, the Commercial Underworld, the Drug Traffic, the White Slave Traffic, Spivs, 3rd edition, rev. and much enl., London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, OCLC 311502654; republished as A Dictionary of the Underworld: British and American, Abingdon, Oxon.; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-317-44552-4

(figuratively, slang) A narrow place of confinement, a cage; a jail, a prison.


R&D

(business) Initialism of Research and Development (a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting.)

Research and Development

(prison) Initialism of Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal (a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison.)


imprison

en-verb

imprison (third-person singular simple present imprisons, present participle imprisoning, simple past and past participle imprisoned)

imprisons (present singular third-person)
imprisoning (participle present)
imprisoned (participle past)
imprisoned (past)

From Middle English imprisonen, emprisounen, emprisonen, from Old French emprisonner.

One of the village's most notable sons was Thomas Grantham, a Baptist church leader born in 1634, who was persecuted and imprisoned in the struggle for nonconformist beliefs during the reign of Charles II.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 214, about Halton Holegate:

None of these people has ever had what they really wanted, and if they get a glimmer of it, they back off suspiciously, failures of imagination helping to imprison them further.

1985 December 21, Mara Math, “Fen (review)”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 23, page 15:

[...] demand for the boots fell sharply after the Battle of Waterloo, and Brunel was imprisoned for debt in 1821.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 87:

(transitive) To put in or as if in prison; confine somebody against their will.


porridge

en-noun

porridge (usually uncountable, plural porridges)

Variant of pottage (“thick soup or stew”), influenced by porray (“stew of leeks”). The "prison sentence" sense comes from the British tradition of serving prisoners porridge for breakfast.

keep one's breath to cool one's porridge

save one's breath to cool one's porridge

Just do your porridge and keep your head down.

(British, slang, uncountable) A prison sentence.

pap

breakfast cereal dish — see also oatmeal


gallows

gallows (plural gallows or (rare) gallowses)

gallows (plural)
gallowses (plural rare)

From Middle English galwes, galewes, plural of galwe, galowe, from Old English galga, gealga, from Proto-West Germanic *galgō, from Proto-Germanic *galgô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰalgʰ-, *ǵʰalg- (“long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch”). The plural construction probably refers to the vertical and horizontal beams.
Compare West Frisian galge, Dutch galg, German Galgen, Danish galge, Icelandic gálgi.
For the pronunciation /ˈɡæləs/, compare bellows, bodice.

Near-synonym: gibbet

No, Sir, 'tis fear of Hanging. Who would not ſteal, or do Murder, every time his Fingers itch'd at it, were it not for fear of the Gallows?

1728, Thomas Otway, “The Atheist, or, the Second Part of the Solider's Fortune”, in The Works of Mr. Thomas Otway, volume 2, London, page 37:

Wooden framework on which persons are put to death by hanging.

مِشْنَقَة

wooden framework on which persons are put to death by hanging

galgbacke

site with one or more gallows for executions

Ay, and a shrewd unhappy gallows too. / You'll ne'er be friends with him: a' kill'd your sister.

1590, William Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost:

(colloquial, obsolete) A wretch who deserves to be hanged.


warder

1595, Samuel Daniel, Civil Wars, in The Poetical Works of Mr. Samuel Daniel, Volume II, London: R. Gosling, 1718, Book I, stanza 62, p. 25,
When, lo! the king chang’d suddenly his Mind,
Casts down his Warder to arrest them there;

Stay, the king hath thrown his warder down.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene 3]:

If thou doſt not inſtantly comply with theſe juſt demands, he defies thee to ſingle combat to the laſt extremity. And ſo ſaying, the Herald caſt down his warder.

1764 December 24 (indicated as 1765), Onuphrio Muralto, translated by William Marshal [pseudonyms; Horace Walpole], chapter III, in The Castle of Otranto, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Lownds […], →OCLC, page 91:

(archaic) A truncheon or staff carried by a king or commander, used to signal commands.


warden

→ Welsh: warden, gwarden

From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wartēn (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.

An official charged with supervisory duties or with the enforcement of specific laws or regulations; such as a game warden or air-raid warden.

nəzarətçi

an official charged with supervisory duties


hoosegow

From informal spoken Spanish juzgao, variant of standard Spanish juzgado (“court, courthouse”). Alteration of pronunciation and spelling by law of Hobson-Jobson.

There's parts of Mexico they'd take you straight to the hoosegow for just whistlin that.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 424:

Philip Zimbardo set up a mock prison in the basement of the Stanford psychology department, divided the participants at random into ‘prisoners’ and ‘guards,’ and even got the Palo Alto police to arrest the prisoners and haul them to the campus hoosegow.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 674:


behind bars

There is one kind of prison where the man is behind bars, and everything that he desires is outside; and there is another kind where the things are behind the bars, and the man is outside.

1905 April–October, Upton Sinclair, chapter XXVII, in The Jungle, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1906 February 26, →OCLC:

Some 460,000 Americans are behind bars for drug offenses.

2001 May 7, Margot Roosevelt et al., “The War Against The War On Drugs”, in Time:

Leading Jordanian exponents of the Salafi-jihadi world view, such as Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, are now behind bars or silent, fearing arrest by the powerful mukhabarat secret police.

2014 November 27, Ian Black, “Courts kept busy as Jordan works to crush support for Isis”, in The Guardian:

(figuratively, idiomatic) In jail, in prison.


basa

basový (adjective relational)
basa (nominative singular)
basy (nominative plural)
basy (genitive singular)
bas (genitive plural)
base (dative singular)
basám (dative plural)
basu (accusative singular)
basy (accusative plural)
baso (singular vocative)
basy (plural vocative)
base (locative singular)
basách (locative plural)
basou (instrumental singular)
basami (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from German Bass or French basse. The meaning “prison” was probably based on French au violon (“in prison”, literally “in violin”). The meaning “bottle crate” was probably derived from that, with the bottles being confined in the crate.

der

(informal, expressive) prison (a place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes)


workhouse

Among other public buildings in a certain town which for many reasons it will be prudent to refrain from mentioning, and to which I will assign no fictitious name, it boasts of one which is common to most towns, great or small, to wit, a workhouse; and in this workhouse was born, […] the item of mortality whose name is prefixed to the head of this chapter.

1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], chapter I, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:

"I don't want to spoil any comparison you are going to make," said Jim, "but I was at Winchester and New College." / "That will do," said Mackenzie. "I was dragged up at the workhouse school till I was twelve.[…]"

1909, Archibald Marshall [pseudonym; Arthur Hammond Marshall], chapter II, in The Squire’s Daughter, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published 1919, →OCLC:

(British, historical) An institution for homeless poor people funded by the local parish, where the able-bodied were required to work.


cellule

→ Persian: سلول (sellul)


borstal

Inherited from Middle English *borstile, *borghstile, from Old English beorh (“a hill”) + stigel (“a stile”).
The institutions are named after Borstal Prison in Borstal, Rochester, Kent, England.

(UK) A way up a hill in the South Downs.

(historical) Any of the prisons set up in Britain for delinquent boys from 1895 to 1983.

You have juvenile courts. Do you have borstal institutions for juveniles?

2004, August 3, Speaker of the Kenyan National Assembly, Kenya National Assembly Official Record, Hansard, page 3126

Seven years ago, I was sent to borstal. Slithering around in the societal sludge, I was forced to admit I'd made a huge mistake – committing robbery.

2011 November 7, Paris Lees, “My Transsexual Summer: a new view of gender”, in The Guardian:

(British, Ireland) Any institution which provides education to young offenders.


all-nighter

From all-night + -er = all- + night + -er.

(US, crime, slang) A criminal or other person kept in jail over night.


lager

lager m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
lager (nominative singular)
lagery (nominative plural)
lagera (genitive singular)
lagerów (genitive plural)
lagerowi (dative singular)
lagerom (dative plural)
lagera (accusative singular)
lager (accusative singular)
lagery (accusative plural)
lagerem (instrumental singular)
lagerami (instrumental plural)
lagerze (locative singular)
lagerach (locative plural)
lagerze (singular vocative)
lagery (plural vocative)

lager (type of beer, brewed using a bottom-fermenting yeast)


house arrest

en-noun

house arrest (countable and uncountable, plural house arrests)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-house arrest.wav

Convicted in Federal District Court in Brooklyn of insurance fraud, a 35-year-old legal secretary could have received up to 50 years in prison and a $56,000 fine. The judge sentenced her instead to house arrest for two years.

1986 July 20, Richard Haitch, “Follow-up on the News: House Arrest Instead of Prison”, in New York Times, retrieved 2014-04-27:

(law) Confinement of a person to his or her residence, sometimes with a limited travel allowance, ordered by a judge or other authority as a more lenient alternative to imprisonment.

إقامة جبرية

confinement of a person, by authorities, to his or her residence


cooler

About a year or so back we had him in the cooler on a Mann Act rap.


penitentiary

pĕn'·ĭ·tĕnʹ·shə·rē

/ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəɹi/

From Middle English penitentiary, from Medieval Latin pēnitentiārius (“place of penitence”), from Latin paenitentia (“penitence”), term used by the Quakers in Pennsylvania during the 1790s, describing a place for penitents to dwell upon their sins.

der

A priest in the Roman Catholic Church who administers the sacrament of penance.

rippipappi

priest who administers the sacrament of penance


Alcatraz

From Spanish Isla de los Alcatraces (“island of gannets”), named by Juan Manuel de Ayala, an explorer of San Francisco Bay.

bor

Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
w:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary

Ellipsis of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, a famous former U.S. federal prison, on the island.


preso

Borrowed from Spanish preso, from Vulgar Latin prēnsus, from Latin prehēnsus.


chain gang

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chain gang.wav

(cycling) A group of cyclists riding in a close-knit formation akin to a road race, normally for the purposes of training.

ryhmäajo

a group of cyclists riding in a close-knit formation


matron

From Middle English matrone, from Old French matrone, from Latin mātrōna (“married woman”), from māter (“mother”). Doublet of matrona.


angle for farthings

en-verb

angle for farthings (third-person singular simple present angles for farthings, present participle angling for farthings, simple past and past participle angled for farthings)

angles for farthings (present singular third-person)
angling for farthings (participle present)
angled for farthings (participle past)
angled for farthings (past)

(obsolete, idiomatic) To beg out of a prison window with a cap, or box, let down at the end of a long string.


CJ

And though in Dodd and Eletcher the judgment was reversed, it was to the dissatisfaction of C. J. Holt, and other judges […]

1792, Reports of Cases Argued and Adjudged in the Court of King's Bench: In the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of the Reign of King George the Second. [1737-1738]:

criminal justice
criminal justice#English


up the river

A reference to Sing Sing prison, which is located on the Hudson river, to the north of (and upstream from) New York City.

The former baseball player that Cincinnati idolized is being sent up the river to Ashland, Ky., to serve a prison term for cheating on his taxes.

1990 July 21, “Pete Rose: He doesn't belong in the Hall of Fame”, in Dallas Morning News, retrieved 2010-09-23:


bing

en-noun

bing (countable and uncountable, plural bings)

From Middle English bing, binge, benge (also as Middle English byngger, bengere (“grain bin, hopper”)), from Old Norse bingr (“heap of corn; bed; bolster”), cognate with Scots bing, Swedish binge (“heap”), Danish bing (“bin; box; compartment”).
Compare also Scottish Gaelic binnean meaning a small hill or slag heap.

der

(prison slang, with "the") Solitary confinement


panopticon

en-noun

panopticon (plural panopticons or panoptica)

From Ancient Greek πᾶν (pân, “all”) + ὀπτικός (optikós, “visible”). Coined by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham in 1787.


cela

cela (nominative singular)
cely (nominative plural)
cely (genitive singular)
cel (genitive plural)
cele (dative singular)
celám (dative plural)
celu (accusative singular)
cely (accusative plural)
celo (singular vocative)
cely (plural vocative)
cele (locative singular)
celách (locative plural)
celou (instrumental singular)
celami (instrumental plural)

cell (room in a prison for containing inmates)


cela

cela (nominative singular)
cele (nominative plural)
celi (genitive singular)
cel (genitive plural)
celi (dative singular)
celom (dative plural)
celę (accusative singular)
cele (accusative plural)
celą (instrumental singular)
celami (instrumental plural)
celi (locative singular)
celach (locative plural)
celo (singular vocative)
cele (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Zelle, from Latin cella.


cela

From Old Galician-Portuguese cela (“cell”), from Latin cella (“small room”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelnā.

cell (small room or compartment)
room in a prison for containing inmates

cell (small room or compartment)
room of a monastery


confinement

être en confinement


fish tank

I sprinkled little flakes into the fish tank for the guppies to eat.

A container, usually made out of glass or acrylic, specifically designed for holding water and marine life.

魚缸 /鱼缸

container designed for holding water and marine life


prisionero

es-noun

prisionero m (plural prisioneros, feminine prisionera, feminine plural prisioneras)

prisioneros (plural)
prisionera (feminine)
prisioneras (feminine plural)


prisión

prison (place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes)


prisión

From Old Galician-Portuguese prison, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin prehensiōnem, displacing Old Galician-Portuguese prijon.

Et esto mando por minna manda et por quanto eu quero yr a Toledo por minna muller et non posso yr sen grande meu peligro de minna morte ou de minna desonrra et non posso yr senon en poder de Johan Perez de Novoa meu primo que por outro camino non posso yr con medo dos yamigos de meu senor el rey don Enrrique, et sinaladamente con medo de Meen Rodrigues de Seabra que he meu yamigo mortal et Pedro Goterres de Barrantes et outros scudeiros que foron en a prison de meu yrmaao o arcediago de Salnes.

1371, Miguel Romaní Martínez (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, doc. 1803

And this I send as my bequest, because I want to go to Toledo for my wife and I can't go there without great danger, of my death or of my dishonour; and I can't go but as under Xoán Pérez de Nóvoa, my cousin; because I can't have it other way for fear of the enemies of our king Henry, and, namely, of Men Rodíguez de Seabra, my mortal enemy, and Pedro Gotérrez de Barrantes and other squires which were in the prison of my brother, the archdeacon of Salnés

prison (a place or institution of confinement, especially of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government)


prisión

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin prehēnsiōnem. Cf. French prison, Portuguese prisão. Doublet of prensión.


fangelsi

is-noun

fangelsi n (genitive singular fangelsis, nominative plural fangelsi)

fangelsis (genitive singular)
fangelsi (nominative plural)
fangelsi (indefinite nominative singular)
fangelsið (definite nominative singular)
fangelsi (indefinite nominative plural)
fangelsin (definite nominative plural)
fangelsi (accusative indefinite singular)
fangelsið (accusative definite singular)
fangelsi (accusative indefinite plural)
fangelsin (accusative definite plural)
fangelsi (dative indefinite singular)
fangelsinu (dative definite singular)
fangelsum (dative indefinite plural)
fangelsunum (dative definite plural)
fangelsis (genitive indefinite singular)
fangelsisins (definite genitive singular)
fangelsa (genitive indefinite plural)
fangelsanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse fangelsi, synchronically analyzed as a nominal formation related to fanga (“to capture, seize”).


犯人

→ Lingao: fam² jin¹

/fän⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/fæ̃⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/fam⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/fæ̃⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/huan²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/

/huan³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/huan²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/huan³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/huan³³⁻¹¹ laŋ³³/

/huan³³⁻²¹ laŋ³³/

/huaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/ɸan⁴⁵ ʐən¹³/

/fän⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/fæ̃⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/fam⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/fæ̃⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/huan²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/

/huan³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/huan²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/huan³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/huan³³⁻¹¹ laŋ³³/

/huan³³⁻²¹ laŋ³³/

/huaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/ɸan⁴⁵ ʐən¹³/

看管犯人


jailbird

From jail + bird, circa 1600. Compare gallows bird.

у́рка

criminal slang; opposed to political prisoner


clink

From the Clink prison in Southwark, London, itself presumably named after sound of doors being bolted or chains rattling.

If he keeps doing things like that, he’s sure to end up in the clink.


charger

/ˈt͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒɚ/

-ɑː(ɹ)dʒə(ɹ)

From Middle English chargere, equivalent to charge + -er.

dækketallerken

a large platter under the dinner plate in a formal dinner setting

Miller had a new executive officer, a real charger, as they're known in the trade, who was looking into all aspects of the operation up there.

1980, Bill Gulley, Mary Ellen Reese, Breaking Cover, page 161:

Synonym of hard charger (“person with a good work ethic”)


gevangenis

nl-noun

gevangenis f (plural gevangenissen, diminutive gevangenisje n)

gevangenissen (plural)
gevangenisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: gevangenis

Negerhollands: gevangnis

→ West Frisian: gefangenis

/ɣəˈvɑ.ŋəˌnɪs/

From Middle Dutch gevancnesse. By surface analysis, gevangene + -nis. Cognate with German Gefängnis.

a jail, a prison; especially an institution where convicts are incarcerated, but sometimes used more generally


glasshouse

From Middle English glasehows, glashous, glashows; equivalent to glass + house.

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

(British military slang) A military prison.

оранжерия

building made of glass in which plants are grown


stockade

From French estocade, equivalent to stock + -ade.


囚徒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (囚徒):
* → Japanese: 囚(しゅう)徒(と) (shūto)
* → Korean: 수도(囚徒) (sudo)

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/siu¹³⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/siu²⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/siu¹³⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/siu²⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/


calabozo

Borrowed from Spanish calabozo. Doublet of calaboose.


cellmate

A person with whom one shares a prison cell.


death row

en-noun

death row (countable and uncountable, plural death rows)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-death row.wav

Reggie Clemons has one last chance to save his life. After 19 years on death row in Missouri for the murder of two young women, he has been granted a final opportunity to persuade a judge that he should be spared execution by lethal injection.

2012 August 21, Ed Pilkington, “Death penalty on trial: should Reggie Clemons live or die?”, in The Guardian:

The section of a prison which houses those inmates who are sentenced to death.


breakout

(aviation) The point at which visibility returns after passing through clouds.


영어

Sino-Korean word from 英語, from 英 (“England”) + 語 (“language”).

ko-etym-sino

영어를 못합니다.

네 이름 영어로 어떻게 써?

How do you romanize your name? (literally, “How do you write your name in English?”)


lifer

They know what a clever lad he is; he'll be a lifer. They'll make the Artful nothing less than a lifer.

1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:

A prisoner sentenced to transportation for life.

I saw six species of honeyeaters new to me and went home with 16 lifers and some bad sandfly bites.

2013, Sue Taylor, Best 100 Birdwatching Sites in Australia:

(birdwatching) A bird species seen for the first time by a birder who is keeping a list of all the species he or she has ever seen.


conjugal visit

A scheduled visit during which an inmate of a penal institution is permitted to have sexual intercourse with a visitor (usually his or her spouse) in a closely controlled setting.


vanki

vanki (nominative singular)
vangit (nominative plural)
vanki (accusative nominative singular)
vangit (accusative nominative plural)
vangin (accusative genitive singular)
vangit (accusative genitive plural)
vangin (genitive singular)
vankien (genitive plural)
vankia (partitive singular)
vankeja (partitive plural)
vangissa (inessive singular)
vangeissa (inessive plural)
vangista (elative singular)
vangeista (elative plural)
vankiin (illative singular)
vankeihin (illative plural)
vangilla (adessive singular)
vangeilla (adessive plural)
vangilta (ablative singular)
vangeilta (ablative plural)
vangille (allative singular)
vangeille (allative plural)
vankina (essive singular)
vankeina (essive plural)
vangiksi (singular translative)
vangeiksi (plural translative)
vangitta (abessive singular)
vangeitta (abessive plural)
vangein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vankini (nominative singular)
vankini (nominative plural)
vankini (accusative nominative singular)
vankini (accusative nominative plural)
vankini (accusative genitive singular)
vankini (accusative genitive plural)
vankini (genitive singular)
vankieni (genitive plural)
vankiani (partitive singular)
vankejani (partitive plural)
vangissani (inessive singular)
vangeissani (inessive plural)
vangistani (elative singular)
vangeistani (elative plural)
vankiini (illative singular)
vankeihini (illative plural)
vangillani (adessive singular)
vangeillani (adessive plural)
vangiltani (ablative singular)
vangeiltani (ablative plural)
vangilleni (allative singular)
vangeilleni (allative plural)
vankinani (essive singular)
vankeinani (essive plural)
vangikseni (singular translative)
vangeikseni (plural translative)
vangittani (abessive singular)
vangeittani (abessive plural)
vankeineni (comitative plural)
vankisi (nominative singular)
vankisi (nominative plural)
vankisi (accusative nominative singular)
vankisi (accusative nominative plural)
vankisi (accusative genitive singular)
vankisi (accusative genitive plural)
vankisi (genitive singular)
vankiesi (genitive plural)
vankiasi (partitive singular)
vankejasi (partitive plural)
vangissasi (inessive singular)
vangeissasi (inessive plural)
vangistasi (elative singular)
vangeistasi (elative plural)
vankiisi (illative singular)
vankeihisi (illative plural)
vangillasi (adessive singular)
vangeillasi (adessive plural)
vangiltasi (ablative singular)
vangeiltasi (ablative plural)
vangillesi (allative singular)
vangeillesi (allative plural)
vankinasi (essive singular)
vankeinasi (essive plural)
vangiksesi (singular translative)
vangeiksesi (plural translative)
vangittasi (abessive singular)
vangeittasi (abessive plural)
vankeinesi (comitative plural)
vankimme (nominative singular)
vankimme (nominative plural)
vankimme (accusative nominative singular)
vankimme (accusative nominative plural)
vankimme (accusative genitive singular)
vankimme (accusative genitive plural)
vankimme (genitive singular)
vankiemme (genitive plural)
vankiamme (partitive singular)
vankejamme (partitive plural)
vangissamme (inessive singular)
vangeissamme (inessive plural)
vangistamme (elative singular)
vangeistamme (elative plural)
vankiimme (illative singular)
vankeihimme (illative plural)
vangillamme (adessive singular)
vangeillamme (adessive plural)
vangiltamme (ablative singular)
vangeiltamme (ablative plural)
vangillemme (allative singular)
vangeillemme (allative plural)
vankinamme (essive singular)
vankeinamme (essive plural)
vangiksemme (singular translative)
vangeiksemme (plural translative)
vangittamme (abessive singular)
vangeittamme (abessive plural)
vankeinemme (comitative plural)
vankinne (nominative singular)
vankinne (nominative plural)
vankinne (accusative nominative singular)
vankinne (accusative nominative plural)
vankinne (accusative genitive singular)
vankinne (accusative genitive plural)
vankinne (genitive singular)
vankienne (genitive plural)
vankianne (partitive singular)
vankejanne (partitive plural)
vangissanne (inessive singular)
vangeissanne (inessive plural)
vangistanne (elative singular)
vangeistanne (elative plural)
vankiinne (illative singular)
vankeihinne (illative plural)
vangillanne (adessive singular)
vangeillanne (adessive plural)
vangiltanne (ablative singular)
vangeiltanne (ablative plural)
vangillenne (allative singular)
vangeillenne (allative plural)
vankinanne (essive singular)
vankeinanne (essive plural)
vangiksenne (singular translative)
vangeiksenne (plural translative)
vangittanne (abessive singular)
vangeittanne (abessive plural)
vankeinenne (comitative plural)
vankinsa (nominative singular)
vankinsa (nominative plural)
vankinsa (accusative nominative singular)
vankinsa (accusative nominative plural)
vankinsa (accusative genitive singular)
vankinsa (accusative genitive plural)
vankinsa (genitive singular)
vankiensa (genitive plural)
vankiaan (partitive singular)
vankiansa (partitive singular)
vankejaan (partitive plural)
vankejansa (partitive plural)
vangissaan (inessive singular)
vangissansa (inessive singular)
vangeissaan (inessive plural)
vangeissansa (inessive plural)
vangistaan (elative singular)
vangistansa (elative singular)
vangeistaan (elative plural)
vangeistansa (elative plural)
vankiinsa (illative singular)
vankeihinsa (illative plural)
vangillaan (adessive singular)
vangillansa (adessive singular)
vangeillaan (adessive plural)
vangeillansa (adessive plural)
vangiltaan (ablative singular)
vangiltansa (ablative singular)
vangeiltaan (ablative plural)
vangeiltansa (ablative plural)
vangilleen (allative singular)
vangillensa (allative singular)
vangeilleen (allative plural)
vangeillensa (allative plural)
vankinaan (essive singular)
vankinansa (essive singular)
vankeinaan (essive plural)
vankeinansa (essive plural)
vangikseen (singular translative)
vangiksensa (singular translative)
vangeikseen (plural translative)
vangeiksensa (plural translative)
vangittaan (abessive singular)
vangittansa (abessive singular)
vangeittaan (abessive plural)
vangeittansa (abessive plural)
vankeineen (comitative plural)
vankeinensa (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Old Swedish fange (compare Swedish fånge), itself from Middle Low German vangen (“captive”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *fangōną.


jailbreak

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-jailbreak.wav

DAN has become a canonical example of what's known as a "jailbreak" — a creative way to bypass the safeguards OpenAI built in to keep ChatGPT from spouting bigotry, propaganda or, say, the instructions to run a successful online phishing scam. From charming to disturbing, these jailbreaks reveal the chatbot is programmed to be more of a people-pleaser than a rule-follower.

2023 February 14, Will Oremus, “Meet ChatGPT's evil twin, DAN”, in The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-19:

The jailbreak of ChatGPT has been in operation since December, but users have had to find new ways around fixes OpenAI implemented to stop the workarounds.

2023 March 8, Josh Taylor, “ChatGPT's alter ego, Dan: users jailbreak AI program to get around ethical safeguards”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-23:

It's for this reason that Alex Albert, a computer science student at the University of Washington, created Jailbreak Chat, a site that hosts a collection of ChatGPT jailbreaks.

2023 March 22, Chloe Xiang, “The Amateurs Jailbreaking GPT Say They're Preventing a Closed-Source AI Dystopia”, in VICE, archived from the original on 2023-03-23:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

large language model
large language model

(artificial intelligence) A prompt to a large language model which frees it from its ethical restrictions.


jailbreak

en-verb

jailbreak (third-person singular simple present jailbreaks, present participle jailbreaking, simple past jailbroke, past participle jailbroken)

jailbreaks (present singular third-person)
jailbreaking (participle present)
jailbroke (past)
jailbroken (participle past)

Unofficially, it has been possible to “Jailbreak” iOS and gain access to the underlying Unix and kernel environment, but this voids the warranty.

2012, Ole Henry Halvorsen, Douglas Clarke, OS X and iOS Kernel Programming, Apress, →ISBN, page 21:

In order to gain true root access to a mobile device, a user has to either jailbreak (iOS) or root (Android/Windows) the device.

2016, Mike Meyers, CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Ninth Edition (Exams 220-901 & 220-902), McGraw Hill Professional, →ISBN, page 1172:

(transitive, computing) To modify the firmware of an electronic device, especially a mobile phone, in order to remove restrictions that prevent it from running unofficial software.

ChatGPT is far from perfect. Twitter has been flooded with examples of "jailbreaking" ChatGPT — that is, tricking it into hallucinations or misalignment.

2022 December 16, Farhad Manjoo, “ChatGPT Has a Devastating Sense of Humor”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-16:

These are young technologies. Rather than jailbreaking AI tools to simulate conversations between the rapper Ye and Adolf Hitler, or waiting uneasily for them to become sentient, why don't we approach them as good parents would — and talk to them, or read to them, the way we do to children?

2022 December 27, Alyssa Rosenberg, “Something AI can't do: Tell a great bedtime story”, in The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-27:

The desire to jailbreak ChatGPT so that it violates safety filters follows a pattern of use by people that are dissatisfied by the moderation of the chatbot.

2023 February 8, Chloe Xiang, “People are 'Jailbreaking' ChatGPT to Make It Endorse Racism, Conspiracies”, in VICE, archived from the original on 2023-03-22:

(artificial intelligence) To free a large language model from its ethical restrictions using prompt injection.


solitary confinement

en-noun

solitary confinement (usually uncountable, plural solitary confinements)

Forced isolation in a small space and the denial of contact with other persons, usually as a form of punishment for a prison inmate.


軟禁

/ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/nŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kim²¹/

/nŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kim²¹/

/nŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kim⁴¹/

/nŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kim¹¹/

/nuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kim²¹/

/ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/nŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kim²¹/

/nŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kim²¹/

/nŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kim⁴¹/

/nŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kim¹¹/

/nuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kim²¹/


lockup

He's in lockup for 30 days for drunk and disorderly.

(slang) A jail cell; a period of incarceration in such a cell; a facility containing such cells.


ul

ul (nominative singular)
ule (nominative plural)
ula (genitive singular)
uli (genitive plural)
ulów (genitive plural)
ulowi (dative singular)
ulom (dative plural)
ul (accusative singular)
ule (accusative plural)
ulem (instrumental singular)
ulami (instrumental plural)
ulu (locative singular)
ulach (locative plural)
ulu (singular vocative)
ule (plural vocative)


do time

en-verb

do time (third-person singular simple present does time, present participle doing time, simple past did time, past participle done time)

does time (present singular third-person)
doing time (participle present)
did time (past)
done time (participle past)

My wife is unavailable for three months, as she's doing time for fraud.

Yes, Virginia, now Santa's doing time
In a Federal prison for his infamous crime

1996, "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics and music), “The Night Santa Went Crazy”, in Bad Hair Day:

(colloquial) To spend time in prison (as a prisoner) or in the military (as a servicemember).

if you can't do the time, don't do the crime


fangi

is-noun

fangi m (genitive singular fanga, nominative plural fangar)

fanga (genitive singular)
fangar (nominative plural)
fangi (indefinite nominative singular)
fanginn (definite nominative singular)
fangar (indefinite nominative plural)
fangarnir (definite nominative plural)
fanga (accusative indefinite singular)
fangann (accusative definite singular)
fanga (accusative indefinite plural)
fangana (accusative definite plural)
fanga (dative indefinite singular)
fanganum (dative definite singular)
föngum (dative indefinite plural)
föngunum (dative definite plural)
fanga (genitive indefinite singular)
fangans (definite genitive singular)
fanga (genitive indefinite plural)
fanganna (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from Middle Low German vangen (“captive”), a past participle of vangen, vān (“to catch”), from Old Saxon fahan.


губа

ru-noun+

губа́ • (gubá) f inan (genitive губы́, uncountable)

губа́ (canonical)
gubá (romanization)
губы́ (genitive)
губа́ (nominative singular)
губы́ (genitive singular)
губе́ (dative singular)
губу́ (accusative singular)
губо́й (instrumental singular)
губо́ю (instrumental singular)
губе́ (prepositional singular)
губа́ (dated nominative singular)
губы́ (dated genitive singular)
губѣ́ (dated dative singular)
губу́ (accusative dated singular)
губо́й (dated instrumental singular)
губо́ю (dated instrumental singular)
губѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)

Shortening of губва́хта (gubváxta), a corruption of гауптва́хта (gauptváxta).


Wachtel

de-noun

Wachtel f (genitive Wachtel, plural Wachteln)

Wachtel (genitive)
Wachteln (plural)
Wachtel (nominative singular)
Wachteln (definite nominative plural)
Wachtel (genitive singular)
Wachteln (definite genitive plural)
Wachtel (dative singular)
Wachteln (dative definite plural)
Wachtel (accusative singular)
Wachteln (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German wachtel, wahtel, from Old High German wahtala, wahtila, from Proto-West Germanic *hwahtlā (“quail”).

(slang, derogatory) screw (i.e., prison guard)


headsman

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-headsman.wav

From Middle English heddysman, equivalent to head + -s- + -man. Cognate with Scots hedisman, heidisman (“head man; chief; commander”). Compare also Danish høvedsmand (“captain”), Swedish hövitsman (“captain”), Icelandic höfuðsmaður (“captain”), German Hauptmann (“captain”).

(obsolete or Scotland) A chief person; a head man

And of those base-minded jesters or buffons, some have beene seene, that even at the point of death would never leave their jesting and scoffing. He whom the heads-man threw off from the Gallowes cried out, ‘Row the Gally,’ which was his ordinarie by-word.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 40, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

And made him Headsman, for we said, / "Who's next to be decapited / Cannot cut off another's head / Until he's cut his own off[…]"

1885, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, composer, […] The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu, London: Chappel & Co., […], →OCLC:

An executioner whose method of dispatching the condemned is decapitation.

(mining, historical) A labourer in a colliery who transports the coal from the workings to the horseway, and who is oftentimes assisted by a younger worker called a foal.

(nautical) One in command of a whaling vessel.


reformatory

/ɹəˈfɔɹməˌtɔɹi/

/ɹɪˈfɔː(ɹ)mətəɹi/

/ɹɪˈfɔː(ɹ)mətɹi/

It was the nicest-looking property Elwood had ever seen—a real school, a good one, not the forbidding reformatory he’d conjured the last few weeks.

2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 45:

A prison, especially one for juveniles; a reform school.


reform school

And through this one small error of judgment, Elwood’s life is changed when he is sent to a reform school called Nickel.

2019 July 26, Aminatta Forna, “The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead review”, in The Guardian:

(dated) A penal institution for juveniles, especially males.


sotavanki

sotavanki (nominative singular)
sotavangit (nominative plural)
sotavanki (accusative nominative singular)
sotavangit (accusative nominative plural)
sotavangin (accusative genitive singular)
sotavangit (accusative genitive plural)
sotavangin (genitive singular)
sotavankien (genitive plural)
sotavankia (partitive singular)
sotavankeja (partitive plural)
sotavangissa (inessive singular)
sotavangeissa (inessive plural)
sotavangista (elative singular)
sotavangeista (elative plural)
sotavankiin (illative singular)
sotavankeihin (illative plural)
sotavangilla (adessive singular)
sotavangeilla (adessive plural)
sotavangilta (ablative singular)
sotavangeilta (ablative plural)
sotavangille (allative singular)
sotavangeille (allative plural)
sotavankina (essive singular)
sotavankeina (essive plural)
sotavangiksi (singular translative)
sotavangeiksi (plural translative)
sotavangitta (abessive singular)
sotavangeitta (abessive plural)
sotavangein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
sotavankini (nominative singular)
sotavankini (nominative plural)
sotavankini (accusative nominative singular)
sotavankini (accusative nominative plural)
sotavankini (accusative genitive singular)
sotavankini (accusative genitive plural)
sotavankini (genitive singular)
sotavankieni (genitive plural)
sotavankiani (partitive singular)
sotavankejani (partitive plural)
sotavangissani (inessive singular)
sotavangeissani (inessive plural)
sotavangistani (elative singular)
sotavangeistani (elative plural)
sotavankiini (illative singular)
sotavankeihini (illative plural)
sotavangillani (adessive singular)
sotavangeillani (adessive plural)
sotavangiltani (ablative singular)
sotavangeiltani (ablative plural)
sotavangilleni (allative singular)
sotavangeilleni (allative plural)
sotavankinani (essive singular)
sotavankeinani (essive plural)
sotavangikseni (singular translative)
sotavangeikseni (plural translative)
sotavangittani (abessive singular)
sotavangeittani (abessive plural)
sotavankeineni (comitative plural)
sotavankisi (nominative singular)
sotavankisi (nominative plural)
sotavankisi (accusative nominative singular)
sotavankisi (accusative nominative plural)
sotavankisi (accusative genitive singular)
sotavankisi (accusative genitive plural)
sotavankisi (genitive singular)
sotavankiesi (genitive plural)
sotavankiasi (partitive singular)
sotavankejasi (partitive plural)
sotavangissasi (inessive singular)
sotavangeissasi (inessive plural)
sotavangistasi (elative singular)
sotavangeistasi (elative plural)
sotavankiisi (illative singular)
sotavankeihisi (illative plural)
sotavangillasi (adessive singular)
sotavangeillasi (adessive plural)
sotavangiltasi (ablative singular)
sotavangeiltasi (ablative plural)
sotavangillesi (allative singular)
sotavangeillesi (allative plural)
sotavankinasi (essive singular)
sotavankeinasi (essive plural)
sotavangiksesi (singular translative)
sotavangeiksesi (plural translative)
sotavangittasi (abessive singular)
sotavangeittasi (abessive plural)
sotavankeinesi (comitative plural)
sotavankimme (nominative singular)
sotavankimme (nominative plural)
sotavankimme (accusative nominative singular)
sotavankimme (accusative nominative plural)
sotavankimme (accusative genitive singular)
sotavankimme (accusative genitive plural)
sotavankimme (genitive singular)
sotavankiemme (genitive plural)
sotavankiamme (partitive singular)
sotavankejamme (partitive plural)
sotavangissamme (inessive singular)
sotavangeissamme (inessive plural)
sotavangistamme (elative singular)
sotavangeistamme (elative plural)
sotavankiimme (illative singular)
sotavankeihimme (illative plural)
sotavangillamme (adessive singular)
sotavangeillamme (adessive plural)
sotavangiltamme (ablative singular)
sotavangeiltamme (ablative plural)
sotavangillemme (allative singular)
sotavangeillemme (allative plural)
sotavankinamme (essive singular)
sotavankeinamme (essive plural)
sotavangiksemme (singular translative)
sotavangeiksemme (plural translative)
sotavangittamme (abessive singular)
sotavangeittamme (abessive plural)
sotavankeinemme (comitative plural)
sotavankinne (nominative singular)
sotavankinne (nominative plural)
sotavankinne (accusative nominative singular)
sotavankinne (accusative nominative plural)
sotavankinne (accusative genitive singular)
sotavankinne (accusative genitive plural)
sotavankinne (genitive singular)
sotavankienne (genitive plural)
sotavankianne (partitive singular)
sotavankejanne (partitive plural)
sotavangissanne (inessive singular)
sotavangeissanne (inessive plural)
sotavangistanne (elative singular)
sotavangeistanne (elative plural)
sotavankiinne (illative singular)
sotavankeihinne (illative plural)
sotavangillanne (adessive singular)
sotavangeillanne (adessive plural)
sotavangiltanne (ablative singular)
sotavangeiltanne (ablative plural)
sotavangillenne (allative singular)
sotavangeillenne (allative plural)
sotavankinanne (essive singular)
sotavankeinanne (essive plural)
sotavangiksenne (singular translative)
sotavangeiksenne (plural translative)
sotavangittanne (abessive singular)
sotavangeittanne (abessive plural)
sotavankeinenne (comitative plural)
sotavankinsa (nominative singular)
sotavankinsa (nominative plural)
sotavankinsa (accusative nominative singular)
sotavankinsa (accusative nominative plural)
sotavankinsa (accusative genitive singular)
sotavankinsa (accusative genitive plural)
sotavankinsa (genitive singular)
sotavankiensa (genitive plural)
sotavankiaan (partitive singular)
sotavankiansa (partitive singular)
sotavankejaan (partitive plural)
sotavankejansa (partitive plural)
sotavangissaan (inessive singular)
sotavangissansa (inessive singular)
sotavangeissaan (inessive plural)
sotavangeissansa (inessive plural)
sotavangistaan (elative singular)
sotavangistansa (elative singular)
sotavangeistaan (elative plural)
sotavangeistansa (elative plural)
sotavankiinsa (illative singular)
sotavankeihinsa (illative plural)
sotavangillaan (adessive singular)
sotavangillansa (adessive singular)
sotavangeillaan (adessive plural)
sotavangeillansa (adessive plural)
sotavangiltaan (ablative singular)
sotavangiltansa (ablative singular)
sotavangeiltaan (ablative plural)
sotavangeiltansa (ablative plural)
sotavangilleen (allative singular)
sotavangillensa (allative singular)
sotavangeilleen (allative plural)
sotavangeillensa (allative plural)
sotavankinaan (essive singular)
sotavankinansa (essive singular)
sotavankeinaan (essive plural)
sotavankeinansa (essive plural)
sotavangikseen (singular translative)
sotavangiksensa (singular translative)
sotavangeikseen (plural translative)
sotavangeiksensa (plural translative)
sotavangittaan (abessive singular)
sotavangittansa (abessive singular)
sotavangeittaan (abessive plural)
sotavangeittansa (abessive plural)
sotavankeineen (comitative plural)
sotavankeinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈs̠o̞t̪ɑ̝ˌʋɑ̝ŋk̟i]


corrections officer

en-noun

corrections officer (plural corrections officers)

Frank was proud of the fact that in all his years as a corrections officer, he had never been assaulted by an inmate.


rehabilitation

rehabilitation (countable and uncountable, plural rehabilitations)

/ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

[ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩]

From Middle French réhabilitation, from Medieval Latin rehabilitatio.

The working life span of a passenger carriage, on average, is between 30 and 35 years, so a steady replacement takes place quite naturally. The life span of a station, however, cannot be so easily reckoned, for it depends largely on the rehabilitation and upkeep of the existing structures.

1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, page 250:

Maybe now it should be clearer why Louis van Gaal has been telling anyone who cares to listen they should not be surprised if Manchester United’s rehabilitation takes longer than they would ideally like.

August 16 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Swansea upstage Manchester United in Louis van Gaal’s Premier League bow," guardian.co.uk

The process of rehabilitating somebody or something.


serve time

en-verb

serve time (third-person singular simple present serves time, present participle serving time, simple past and past participle served time)

serves time (present singular third-person)
serving time (participle present)
served time (participle past)
served time (past)

(idiomatic) To be confined in prison or a similar institution, typically for wrongdoing that violates the law.


birdlime

(rhyming slang) Time; a jail term, the serving of a prison sentence.


徒刑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (徒刑):
* → Japanese: 徒(と)刑(けい) (tokei)
* → Korean: 도형(徒刑) (dohyeong)
* → Vietnamese: đồ hình (徒刑)

/tʰu³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ jɪŋ²¹/

/tɔ²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/tɔ¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/

/tʰu³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ jɪŋ²¹/

/tɔ²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/tɔ¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/


vang

vangi (genitive)
vangi (partitive)
vang (nominative singular)
vangid (nominative plural)
vang (accusative nominative singular)
vangid (accusative nominative plural)
vangi (accusative genitive singular)
vangid (accusative genitive plural)
vangi (genitive singular)
vangide (genitive plural)
vangi (partitive singular)
vange (partitive plural)
vangisid (partitive plural)
vangi (illative singular)
vangisse (illative singular)
vangidesse (illative plural)
vangesse (illative plural)
vangis (inessive singular)
vangides (inessive plural)
vanges (inessive plural)
vangist (elative singular)
vangidest (elative plural)
vangest (elative plural)
vangile (allative singular)
vangidele (allative plural)
vangele (allative plural)
vangil (adessive singular)
vangidel (adessive plural)
vangel (adessive plural)
vangilt (ablative singular)
vangidelt (ablative plural)
vangelt (ablative plural)
vangiks (singular translative)
vangideks (plural translative)
vangeks (plural translative)
vangini (singular terminative)
vangideni (plural terminative)
vangina (essive singular)
vangidena (essive plural)
vangita (abessive singular)
vangideta (abessive plural)
vangiga (comitative singular)
vangidega (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Middle Low German vangen or Swedish fånge.


lockdown

en-noun

lockdown (countable and uncountable, plural lockdowns)

→ Dutch: lockdown

→ German: Lockdown

→ Italian: lockdown

→ Japanese: ロックダウン (rokkudaun)

→ Polish: lockdown

→ Romanian: lockdown

→ Russian: локда́ун (lokdáun)

At the time of writing, no decisions had been made by the Government as to when or how lockdown restrictions might begin to be lifted. However, discussions were taking place in the industry about how social distancing could be maintained on the railway if some patronage were to return soon.

2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail, page 29:

Fans relished the traditional FA Cup fanfare from the Coldstream Guards and the hymn Abide With Me before throwing themselves wholeheartedly into an experience they have been largely deprived of since the first coronavirus lockdown began in March 2020.

2021 May 15, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport:

When a column of smoke appeared on Thursday over the Sitong Bridge overpass in the Haidian district of Beijing, it drew attention to a protester who had hung banners openly bashing China’s top leader by name and criticizing the country’s “zero Covid” policy, including one calling for “freedom and not lockdowns.”

2022 October 14, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu, “China’s Internet Censors Race to Quell Beijing Protest Chatter”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-14, Asia Pacific:

The confinement of people in their own rooms (e.g., in a school) or cells (in a prison), or to their own homes or areas (e.g., in the case of a city- or nation-wide issue) as a security measure after or amid a disturbance or as a non-pharmaceutical intervention in a pandemic.

staat van inperking

confinement of people as a security measure


cime

head

cime m (genitive singular cime, nominative plural cimí)

cime (genitive singular)
cimí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
cime (indefinite singular)
cimí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a chime (indefinite singular)
a chimí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an cime (definite singular)
na cimí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an chime (definite singular)
na gcimí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an gcime (definite singular)
don chime (definite singular)
leis na cimí (definite plural)
cime
chime
gcime

From Middle Irish cimme, cimmid, from Old Irish cimbid (“captive, prisoner”).


roundhouse

Coordinate term: big house

[T]he gentlemen in the coffee room insisted upon the watch being called, or a constable. With considerable difficulty the two heroes were carried off to the round-house, and there lodged for the night.

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 137

A circular prison, especially a small local lockup or station house.

(nautical, now historical) A privy near the bow of a vessel, especially as reserved for officers.

Crewe North Motive Power Depot is to be modernised completely. This includes the provision of a new coaling plant, ash handling plant, and two new locomotive sheds of the latest roundhouse type, each with 32 roads radiating from a 70-ft. dia. turntable.

1948 November and December, “Crewe M.P.D. to be Modernised”, in Railway Magazine, page 372:

Archaeologists working on HS2 in Birmingham have uncovered the remains of what is believed to be the world's oldest railway roundhouse at Curzon Street station.

2020 March 25, “Network News: HS2 work uncovers oldest roundhouse”, in Rail, page 16:

(rail transport) A circular building in which locomotives are housed, sometimes with a turntable.

депо

a circular building in which locomotives are housed

Coordinate term: wheelhouse

A central stone slab cist containing the burial was surrounded by a circles of stones placed on edge, probably to represent the round house in which the deceased had lived.

2019, Alan Staniforth, Cleveland Way, page 66:

(archaeology) A prehistoric dwelling typical of northwest Europe in the Iron Age and Bronze Age.

casa circular

(card games) In the game of pinochle, a meld consisting of a queen and king in each of the four suits.


guardroom

A jail cell in which military prisoners are kept.


Kriegsgefangener

de-noun

Kriegsgefangener m (adjectival, definite nominative der Kriegsgefangene, genitive (des) Kriegsgefangenen, plural Kriegsgefangene, definite plural die Kriegsgefangenen, feminine Kriegsgefangene)

der Kriegsgefangene (definite nominative)
Kriegsgefangenen (genitive)
Kriegsgefangene (plural)
die Kriegsgefangenen (definite plural)
Kriegsgefangene (feminine)
Kriegsgefangener (nominative singular strong)
Kriegsgefangene (nominative plural strong)
Kriegsgefangenen (genitive singular strong)
Kriegsgefangener (genitive plural strong)
Kriegsgefangenem (dative singular strong)
Kriegsgefangenen (dative plural strong)
Kriegsgefangenen (accusative singular strong)
Kriegsgefangene (accusative plural strong)
Kriegsgefangene (nominative singular weak)
Kriegsgefangenen (nominative plural weak)
Kriegsgefangenen (genitive singular weak)
Kriegsgefangenen (genitive plural weak)
Kriegsgefangenen (dative singular weak)
Kriegsgefangenen (dative plural weak)
Kriegsgefangenen (accusative singular weak)
Kriegsgefangenen (accusative plural weak)
Kriegsgefangener (mixed nominative singular)
Kriegsgefangenen (mixed nominative plural)
Kriegsgefangenen (genitive mixed singular)
Kriegsgefangenen (genitive mixed plural)
Kriegsgefangenen (dative mixed singular)
Kriegsgefangenen (dative mixed plural)
Kriegsgefangenen (accusative mixed singular)
Kriegsgefangenen (accusative mixed plural)

From Krieg (“war”) + -s- + Gefangener (“prisoner”).


進去

進⫽去 (canonical)
verb-complement (romanization)
进去

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy¹/

/t͡sɵn³³ hɵy̯³³/

/t͡ɕin³⁵ t͡ɕʰie²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵ kəʔ²/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy¹/

/t͡sɵn³³ hɵy̯³³/

/t͡ɕin³⁵ t͡ɕʰie²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵ kəʔ²/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy¹/

/d͡ʑ̥in t͡ɕʰy¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy¹/

/d͡ʑ̥in t͡ɕʰy¹/

/t͡sɵn³³ hɵy̯³³/

/t͡ɕin³⁵ t͡ɕʰie²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵ kəʔ²/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/

(euphemistic) to be put in prison; to be locked up


watchhouse

A small prison attached to a police station, usually used on a temporary basis.


good time

en-noun

good time (countable and uncountable, plural good times)

let the good times roll

a good time was had by all

Q: Did you have a good time at your friend's wedding reception? A: Yes, it was a good time for everyone.

(countable) A period of time spent doing some pleasant, enjoyable or entertaining activity.

Sex on female units is treated as a "disgusting and degrading practice," and women have lost accrued good-time and gone to solitary confinement for as little as a peck on the cheek.

1984 August 18, R. L. Richardson, “Women In Cages”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 6, page 7:

(uncountable) The reduction of a prisoner's sentence for good conduct while imprisoned.


囚人

ja-noun

囚(しゅう)人(じん) • (shūjin) ^(←しうじん (siuzin)?)

囚人 (canonical)
shūjin (romanization)
siuzin (romanization)
しうじん (hiragana historical)

ハリー・ポッターとアズカバンの囚人

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban


死罪

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sei̯³⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/si³¹ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sue²²/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sue³³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sue³³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sue²²/

/si⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sue³⁵/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sei̯³⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/si³¹ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sue²²/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sue³³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sue³³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sue²²/

/si⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sue³⁵/

Yǒu sǐzuì sān, héyǐ kān zhī? Bù sù sǐ, dàxíng jiāng zhì.

有死罪三，何以堪之？不速死，大刑將至。

有死罪三，何以堪之？不速死，大刑将至。


死刑

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/sz̩⁵³ ɕin²¹/

/sz̩⁵³ ɕiŋ²⁴/

/sz̩¹¹ ɕĩ²⁴/

/sei̯³⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/si²⁴⁻³³ hin⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵³ ɕiŋ¹¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ¹³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²³/

/si⁵²⁻³⁵ heŋ⁵⁵/

/sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/sz̩⁵³ ɕin²¹/

/sz̩⁵³ ɕiŋ²⁴/

/sz̩¹¹ ɕĩ²⁴/

/sei̯³⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/si²⁴⁻³³ hin⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵³ ɕiŋ¹¹/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ¹³/

/si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²³/

/si⁵²⁻³⁵ heŋ⁵⁵/

執行死刑／执行死刑

應該廢除死刑嗎？

应该废除死刑吗？

Fū sǐxíng zhě, shā yāonì yě, shāngrén zhě bù gǎi, sī yì yāonì zhī lèi yě, rú qí kě gǎi, cǐ zé wú qǔ yú ròuxíng yě.

夫死刑者，殺妖逆也，傷人者不改，斯亦妖逆之類也，如其可改，此則無取於肉刑也。

夫死刑者，杀妖逆也，伤人者不改，斯亦妖逆之类也，如其可改，此则无取于肉刑也。


carcere

it-noun

carcere m or (outdated or literary) f (plural carceri f)

From Latin carcerem, from Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”), in the sense of “enclosure”. Cognate to Old Catalan càrcer/carçre, Spanish cárcel and Portuguese cárcere.


اسیر

head

اسیر • (esir) (feminine اسیره (esire), definite accusative اسیری (esiri), plural اسارا (üserâ))

esir (romanization)
اسیره (feminine)
اسیری (accusative definite)
اسارا (plural)

Turkish: esir

→ Armenian: եսիր (esir)

→ Crimean Tatar: esir

→ Serbo-Croatian: jȅsīr / је̏сӣр

Borrowed from Arabic أَسِير (ʔasīr, “prisoner of war, captive”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔasīr- (“captive”).

bor+

prisoner, inmate, detainee, jailbird, a person incarcerated in a prison, while on trial or serving a sentence


juvie

en-noun

juvie (countable and uncountable, plural juvies)

From juvenile + -ie with elision; morphologically analogous to bougie = bourgeoisie + -ie/-y.

youth detention centre
youth detention centre#English

(colloquial) Synonym of juvenile hall (youth detention centre).

établissement pénitentiaire pour mineurs


send up

en-verb

send up (third-person singular simple present sends up, present participle sending up, simple past and past participle sent up)

sends up (present singular third-person)
sending up (participle present)
sent up (participle past)
sent up (past)

The judge sent him up for three years.

"I guess you're a wise one, all right, but what's the use? I tell you we've got enough on you already to send you up. You might as well talk straight."

1913, Rex Stout, Her Forbidden Knight, Carroll & Graf, published 1997, →ISBN, page 161:

(transitive, US, slang) To put in prison.


vězení

vězení (nominative singular)
vězení (nominative plural)
vězení (genitive singular)
vězení (genitive plural)
vězení (dative singular)
vězením (dative plural)
vězení (accusative singular)
vězení (accusative plural)
vězení (singular vocative)
vězení (plural vocative)
vězení (locative singular)
vězeních (locative plural)
vězením (instrumental singular)
vězeními (instrumental plural)


vězeň

cs-noun

vězeň m anim (female equivalent vězeňkyně)

vězeňkyně (feminine)
vězeň (nominative singular)
vězni (nominative plural)
vězňové (nominative plural)
vězně (genitive singular)
vězňů (genitive plural)
vězňovi (dative singular)
vězni (dative singular)
vězňům (dative plural)
vězně (accusative singular)
vězně (accusative plural)
vězni (singular vocative)
vězni (plural vocative)
vězňové (plural vocative)
vězňovi (locative singular)
vězni (locative singular)
vězních (locative plural)
vězněm (instrumental singular)
vězni (instrumental plural)


galera

→ French: galère

→ German: Galeere

→ Polish: galera

Archaic variant of galea (“galley”) used in the nautical sense, from which the primary modern usage derives.

(nautical) galley (long ship propelled primarily by oars)