Pinyinization

en-noun

Pinyinization (countable and uncountable, plural Pinyinizations)

In Chinese, the speakability-readability problem is capable of various solutions depending on the audience for which the Pinyinized material is intended. A dilemma exists in the fact that the work of Pinyinization must be undertaken by people who are already literate—which means literate in characters—and Chinese literati, even of the newer generation, have displayed even less capacity than their Western counterparts to write in a style capable of ready comprehension by ordinary people.

1986, John DeFrancis, The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy, page 198:

There are a couple of reasons for that. One is that official pinyinization only applies to PRC placenames. This lets out Taipei and, until recently, Hong Kong and Kowloon.

2000 June 18, Mike Wright, “一、台北市路牌；二、漢語拼音”, in sci.lang (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-23:

Chinese doesn't have any capitals, so it really doesn't matter :-)
If you're talking Pinyinization, I guess the only capitals would be Ni and Zhongwen.

2000 November 13, Dalai Lama, “Election Results...”, in alt.roundtable (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-23:

His rationale was that pinyinization was necessary to reduce dialect-based identity and to unite the Chinese community.

2003, Roxy Harris, Ben Rampton, The Language, Ethnicity and Race Reader, page 184:

No it's our good friend Juli Zhang who promotes pinyinisation of Chinese.

2005 July 23, Dylan Sung, “accoustic^([sic]) evidence for uninterruption of speech”, in sci.lang (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-23:

Two other interventions in bilingual education should be noted here: (1) the introduction of a few other Indian languages as mother tongues for Indian learners; and (2) the not too successful attempt at Hanyu Pinyinization of Chinese pupils' names.

2011, Andrew W. Conrad, Alma Rubal-Lopez, Post-Imperial English: Status Change in Former British and American Colonies, 1940-1990, page 451:

(uncountable) The Romanization of Standard Mandarin using the Pinyin system.

There are several erroneous pinyinizations (Guang wu/Guangwu, Chang sha/Changsha, Guang zhou/Guangzhou, Shui-hu-ti/Shuihudi, Hupei/Hubei, jhiu/jiu, You Yingshi/Yu Yingshi, kao/xiao [...]

2004, Society for the Study of Chinese Religions, Journal of Chinese Religions, numbers 32-33:

Note that many Chinese characters have more than one possible Pinyin representation. For instance, there are actually 16 different Chinese pinyinizations of the Chinese transliteration of Ashburton, according to the tables our system uses to map a Chinese character to its Pinyin.

2012, Thierry Poibeau, Horacio Saggion, Jakub Piskorski, Roman Yangarber, Multi-source, Multilingual Information Extraction and Summarization, page 59:

Though these orthographies used the Roman alphabet (with a handful of special characters) it is best thought of not so much as a romanization as a 'Pinyinisation'; that is, it followed not the global standards for romanising Turkic languages, but rather the idiosyncratic assignments of letters to sounds employed in Hanyu pinyin, the PRC romanisation of Chinese.

2021, James Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, Revised and Updated:


Yankism

I had thought that 'coon' was a Yankism for raccoon, having learned that it isn't, I am pleased that I didn't use the word inadvertently to insult people that I met in Yankland.

1996 October 16, Peter H.M. Brooks, “Racist horseshit”, in uk.legal (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-24:

The word is 'lose' not 'loose' - please, no yankisms in here.

2002 November 29, Guig, “OT Ebberdeen to loose manager”, in uk.sport.football.clubs.celtic (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-24:

> While there may be SOME native born Americans who speak spanish or polish as their primary language, I can't believe there are very many.
By hell that Yankism grates BADLY on the ear. It is one that display GROSS stupidity, as it is apparently a NEED for you to define the fact that people are indeed "born" as opposed to assembled from cadavers to some kind of a bitsa or whatever else might lurk in those dark corners of your mind!

2003 August 24, Seppo Renfors, “The KRS Hoax - Part 1”, in soc.history.medieval (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-24:

I think "rosebud" may be a Yankism. To me it means a torch with a head on it about as big as your fist, which throws a gigantic amount of heat.

2004 January 7, Grant Erwin, “Oxy/Acet torch question”, in rec.crafts.metalworking (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-24:

(often derogatory) A word or phrase originating from or specific to American English.


Apalachee

The extinct Muskogean language of these people.


língua oficial

pt-noun

língua oficial f (plural línguas oficiais)

As línguas chinesa e portuguesa são as línguas oficiais de Macau.

1999, Governor of Macau, “Decree-law 101/99/M of 13th December”, in Official Journal of Macau, page 7826:

Chinese and Portuguese languages are official languages of Macau.


希望語

/ɕi⁵⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Esperanto esperanto (“one who hopes”) + 語／语 (yǔ, “language, speech”), to avoid confusion about the more popular name of the artificial language called 世界語／世界语 (shìjièyǔ, “world's language”).


希望語

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 希望語／希望语 (Xīwàngyǔ), or a compound of 希望 (kibō, “hope”) + 語 (-go, “language”), literally “hope language”.


ݜݨیاٗ

head

ݜݨیاٗ (Ṣiṇyaá)

scl-noun

ݜݨیاٗ (Ṣiṇyaá)

From Sanskrit श्रेण्यक (śreṇyaka), from श्रेण्य (śreṇya, “tribesman”).


gammalgrekiska

gammalgrekiska (indefinite nominative uncountable)
gammalgrekiskan (definite nominative uncountable)
gammalgrekiskas (genitive indefinite uncountable)
gammalgrekiskans (definite genitive uncountable)

gammal (“old”) + grekiska (“Greek language”)


Wakhi

From Wakhi Xik, but ultimately comes from Khotanese Xik.
Most likely derived from Old Iranian Khotanese, an Iranian language spoken throughout the Pamir range. The word Xik came to be known as Baxi in Wakhi.

An Iranian language spoken throughout the Pamir region, primarily in Pakistan, China, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.


い段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the second and second-highest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana い/イ (i), き/キ (ki), し/シ (shi), ち/チ (chi), に/ニ (ni), ひ/ヒ (hi), み/ミ (mi), り/リ (ri) and ゐ/ヰ (wi), and sometimes additionally 𛀆/𛄠 (yi)


え段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fourth and second-lowest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana え/エ (e), け/ケ (ke), せ/セ (se), て/テ (te), ね/ネ (ne), へ/ヘ (he), め/メ (me), れ/レ (re) and ゑ/ヱ (we), and sometimes additionally 𛀁/𛄡 (ye)


お段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fifth and lowest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the ten kana お/オ (o), こ/コ (ko), そ/ソ (so), と/ト (to), の/ノ (no), ほ/ホ (ho), も/モ (mo), よ/ヨ (yo), ろ/ロ (ro) and を/ヲ (wo)


た行

た行 (canonical)
tagyō (romanization)
tagyau (romanization)
たぎゃう (hiragana historical)

タ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fourth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana た/タ (ta), ち/チ (chi), つ/ツ (tsu), て/テ (te) and と/ト (to)


さ行

さ行 (canonical)
sagyō (romanization)
sagyau (romanization)
さぎゃう (hiragana historical)

サ行下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the third row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana さ/サ (sa), し/シ (shi), す/ス (su), せ/セ (se) and そ/ソ (so)


ま行

ま行 (canonical)
magyō (romanization)
magyau (romanization)
まぎゃう (hiragana historical)

マ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the sixth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ま/マ (ma), み/ミ (mi), む/ム (mu), め/メ (me) and も/モ (mo)


う段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the third and middle-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana う/ウ (u), く/ク (ku), す/ス (su), つ/ツ (tsu), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ふ/フ (fu), む/ム (mu), ゆ/ユ (yu) and る/ル (ru), and sometimes additionally 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu)


ら行

ら行 (canonical)
ragyō (romanization)
ragyau (romanization)
らぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ラ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the ninth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ら/ラ (ra), り/リ (ri), る/ル (ru), れ/レ (re) and ろ/ロ (ro)


か行

か行 (canonical)
kagyō (romanization)
kagyau (romanization)
かぎゃう (hiragana historical)

カ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the second row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana か/カ (ka), き/キ (ki), く/ク (ku), け/ケ (ke) and こ/コ (ko)


な行

な行 (canonical)
nagyō (romanization)
nagyau (romanization)
なぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ナ行上一段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fifth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana な/ナ (na), に/ニ (ni), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ね/ネ (ne) and の/ノ (no)


Maban

Of or relating to a small language family of languages spoken in eastern Chad, the Central African Republic, and western Sudan (Darfur).


Freedonian

I sagged with relief, delighted to finally talk to someone who didn't speak Freedonian, and an adult besides.

2011, Lisa Goldstein, The Uncertain Places, page 49:

A lodge decides it can reach out to men from a variety of variety of nations who speak Freedonian and live in greater Washington.

2012, Kenneth D. Fuller, “Grand Lodge Community Outreach Competition Begins”, in The Voice of Freemasonry, volume 29, number 1, page 24:

An imaginary language spoken in the imaginary country Freedonia.


Tartarish

(archaic) The language spoken by the Tartars.


شركسي

ajp-adj

شركسي • (šarkasi) (feminine شركسيّة (šarkasiyye), common plural شركس (šarkas))

šarkasi (romanization)
شركسيّة (feminine)
شركس (common plural)


شركسي

ajp-noun

شركسي • (šarkasi) m (plural شركس (šarkas), feminine شركسيّة (šarkasiyye))

šarkasi (romanization)
شركس (plural)
شركسيّة (feminine)


Ormuri

An Iranian language spoken in Waziristan as well as Logar in Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is spoken by Baraki tribe.


ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ

head

ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ • (santaṛi)


Jogi

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in Sindh, Pakistan and Gujarat, India.


Jakati

A extinct variety of Lahnda that was spoken in Afghanistan.


Bhaya

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in Sindh, Pakistan.


Kabutra

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan, related to the Sansi language of India.


Ibinda

The form of the Western Kongo language that is spoken in Cabinda.


Mehri

A Modern South Arabian language spoken in Yemen, Oman, and Saudi Arabia.


Faifi

One of the two last Old South Arabian languages still spoken alongside Razihi. There are around 50,00 speakers and is spoken in Yemen and also a village in Saudi Arabia.


Tanacross

An Athabaskan language spoken in Alaska.


Razihi

One of the two last Old South Arabian languages left; it is spoken in Yemen.


അറബി

അറബി • (aṟabi)

ml-proper noun

അറബി • (aṟabi)

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَبِيّ (ʕarabiyy).


Hiw

An Austronesian language spoken in Vanuatu.


Shawiya

Maybe from Tachawit [script needed] (Shawiya).


ba construction

A grammatical construction in Mandarin Chinese, SUBJ-把-OBJ-VERB, or any analogous constructions in other Chinese lects.


西フリジア語

西フリジア語 (canonical)
Nishi-Furijia-go (romanization)


جرمن

pa-proper noun

جَرْمَن • (jarman) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਰਮਨ)

جَرْمَن (canonical)
jarman (romanization)
ਜਰਮਨ (Gurmukhi)

/d͡ʒəɾə̆.mənə̆/


சமஸ்கிருதம்

camaskirutam (romanization)
சமஸ்கிருதம் (nominative singular)
சமஸ்கிருதமே (singular vocative)
சமஸ்கிருதத்தை (accusative singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்துக்கு (dative singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
சமஸ்கிருதத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
சமஸ்கிருதத்தால் (instrumental singular)
சமஸ்கிருதத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)

/t͡ɕɐmɐskɪɾʊd̪ɐm/

Borrowed from Sanskrit संस्कृत (saṃskṛta).


skytiska

skytiska (indefinite nominative singular)
skytiskan (definite nominative singular)
skytiskor (indefinite nominative plural)
skytiskorna (definite nominative plural)
skytiskas (genitive indefinite singular)
skytiskans (definite genitive singular)
skytiskors (genitive indefinite plural)
skytiskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) Scythian (the language of that population group)


新字

新字 (canonical)
shinji (romanization)
sinzi (romanization)
しんじ (hiragana historical)

"new characters": Synonym of 新字体 (shinjitai)


旧字

旧字 (canonical)
kyūji (romanization)
kiuzi (romanization)
きうじ (hiragana historical)

旧字旧仮名

old kanji and old kana (pre-war orthography)

"old characters": Synonym of 旧字体 (kyūjitai)


Japonese

Borrowed from French japonais, Italian giapponese, Portuguese japonês, or Spanish japonés. Equivalent to Japon + -ese.

I'm looking for a shop (in Britain or in Europe) which imports Michael Nyman Japonese CDs on a (quite?) regular basis (not necessarely^([sic]) an on-line dealer. By the way, I already know about CD Banzai, but they have only two of them).

1995 December 3, Francesco Valvo, “where to find Nyman Japonese CDs?”, in rec.music.collecting.cd (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-26:

Hi!
I'm Sara, a portuguese student of arts.
I'm doing a research about japonese art. I have find some bibliography about architecture and gravure, but about porcelain I couldn't find anything.
Can someone (in Japan) give some information about this matter and in general about Japonese art?
Please send me a mail.

1996 February 17, Jose Martins, “JAPONESE PORCELAIN - JAPONESE ART”, in soc.culture.japan (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-26:

A lady I work with has a Ford Torus. She is presently living a night-mare with it.
She is trying to find a way to dump it, and buy a Japonese car or a Volvo.
Everytime^([sic]) I talk to her, the car is in the garage for something !
And when she had European or Japonese cars, she never had such problems...

1997 November 2, Jerry G., “American Cars verses the Japonese and European cars for service...!”, in alt.autos.nissan (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-26:

(non-native speakers' English) Misspelling of Japanese.


Japonese

hi ! I have bought Overblood2 in japonese and i m^([sic]) searching a guidebook for this game, preferently^([sic]) in english
else in japonese if it is a website i have a program which approximately translate^([sic]) in english. so is there somebody who could tell me where i may found^([sic]) a free guide on internet.
thanks for attention
cheers

1999 May 3, jules, “Backups of Playstation^([sic])-games.”, in alt.games.video.sony-playstation2 (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-26:


舌上音

/ʂɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/ʂɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following 字母 (zìmǔ): 知 (/ʈ/), 徹／彻 (/ʈʰ/), 澄 (/ʈʰ/) and 娘 (/ɳ/)


ഇവിരീത്

head

ഇവിരീത് • (ivirītŭ)

ml-proper noun

ഇവിരീത് • (ivirītŭ)

/iʋiɾiːd̪ə̆/


Zay

An Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch spoken in Ethiopia.


Khalaj

A language that is part of the Turkic language family.


Angelical

There are no onomatapeioæ^([sic]) in Angelical.

2009, Geoffrey James, The Enochian Evocation of Dr. John Dee:

The Enochian language (believed to be the language of angels).


новомова

uk-noun

новомо́ва<sg>

новомо́ва • (novomóva) f inan (genitive новомо́ви, uncountable)

новомо́ва (canonical)
novomóva (romanization)
новомо́ви (genitive)
новомо́ва (nominative singular)
новомо́ви (genitive singular)
новомо́ві (dative singular)
новомо́ву (accusative singular)
новомо́вою (instrumental singular)
новомо́ві (locative singular)
новомо́во (singular vocative)

uk-ndecl

новомо́ва<sg>

George Orwell
Nineteen Eighty-Four
uk:новомова

нови́й (novýj) + -о- (-o-) + мо́ва (móva), literally “neolanguage”; calque of English Newspeak, from George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four.

af

(figuratively) similar language practice of totalitarian regimes


Marsian

Caso Cantovios and allies. Bronze plate found in the Fucine Lake. Dialect-Latin or mixed Marsian and Latin.

1940, E. H. Warmington, Remains of Old Latin, published 1959, page 59:

Though much of what remains of Marsian is of doubtful status and meaning, the following inscription (plate 3), from Antinum, is relatively unambiguous.

1999, Philip Baldi, The Foundations of Latin (Trends in Linguistics; Studies and Monographs 117), Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 128:

There is little evidence for Marsian, the language of the Marsi, a people who occupied the area south of the Fucine Lake. Marsian is mainly attested in a few short inscriptions from the third and second centuries bc: VM 3–7.

2004, Jane Stuart-Smith, Phonetics and Philology: Sound Change in Italic, Oxford University Press, page 125:

The extinct (since ca. 150 BC) Osco-Umbrian language of the Marsi, native to Marruvium.


belarusiska

belarusiska (indefinite nominative singular)
belarusiskan (definite nominative singular)
belarusiskor (indefinite nominative plural)
belarusiskorna (definite nominative plural)
belarusiskas (genitive indefinite singular)
belarusiskans (definite genitive singular)
belarusiskors (genitive indefinite plural)
belarusiskornas (definite genitive plural)

belarusisk + -a. In the sense "language" attested since 2008. In the sense "female person" attested since 2016.

(uncountable) Belarusian (language spoken in Belarus)


当用漢字

当用漢字 (canonical)
tōyō kanji (romanization)

[to̞ːjo̞ːkã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

From 当用 (“general use, daily use”) + 漢字 (“kanji”).

compound

(orthography, historical) tōyō kanji (kanji that were declared official by the Ministry of Education of Japan on November 16, 1946, later replaced by 常用漢字 (jōyō kanji))


sicilianska

sicilianska (indefinite nominative singular)
sicilianskan (definite nominative singular)
sicilianskor (indefinite nominative plural)
sicilianskorna (definite nominative plural)
sicilianskas (genitive indefinite singular)
sicilianskans (definite genitive singular)
sicilianskors (genitive indefinite plural)
sicilianskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) Sicilian (language or dialect)


商英

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

(education) Short for 商務英語／商务英语 (shāngwù Yīngyǔ, “business English”).


Piscataway

By naturalization into English from the Piscataway language.

The extinct Algonquian language of these people.


Frühneuenglisch

de-proper noun

Frühneuenglisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Frühneuenglisch or Frühneuenglischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Frühneuenglische, alternative genitive Frühneuenglischen, no plural)

Frühneuenglisch (genitive)
Frühneuenglischs (genitive)
Frühneuenglische (alternative nominative)
Frühneuenglischen (alternative genitive)
Frühneuenglisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Frühneuenglische (definite nominative singular)
Frühneuenglisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Frühneuenglischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Frühneuenglischen (definite genitive singular)
Frühneuenglisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Frühneuenglischen (dative definite singular)
Frühneuenglisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Frühneuenglische (accusative definite singular)

früh + Neuenglisch or from frühneuenglisch

Early Modern English
Early Modern English


Jaffna Tamil

From Jaffna (borrowed from Tamil யாழ்ப்பாணம் (yāḻppāṇam)) and Tamil (borrowed from Tamil தமிழ் (tamiḻ)).

bor+

a Tamil dialect native to Jaffna and is the primary dialect used in northern Sri Lanka.


文白

/wən³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/wən³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

文白之爭

文白之争

(language) literary Chinese (文言文) and vernacular Chinese (白話文／白话文)


caixubi

Borrowed from Polish Kaszuby (“Kashubs, Kashubia”).


sòrab

Borrowed from German Sorbe, from Lower Sorbian Serb, from Proto-Slavic *sьrbъ (“ally, Serb, Sorb”).


偒傣話

ㄉㄤˋ ㄉㄞˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/tɑŋ⁵¹ taɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɑŋ⁵¹ taɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/

the local Wu dialect of the town of Jinhui (金匯／金汇), Fengxian (奉賢／奉贤) district, Shanghai, touted as having the most vowels of any language


Ganza

From Arabic غانزا, from the name in Ganza.

An Omotic language spoken in the Blue Nile state of Sudan, with approximately 3,000 speakers.


Old Ruthenian

(historical) A descendant of the Old East Slavic language, a language used in the 15th to 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Cossack state, ancestor of Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian. It contrasts with the Middle Russian language or early modern Russian language of Muscovy.


உருது

urutu (romanization)
உருது (nominative singular)
உருதே (singular vocative)
உருதை (accusative singular)
உருதுக்கு (dative singular)
உருதுக்காக (benefactive singular)
உருதுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
உருதின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
உருதில் (locative locative-i singular)
உருதிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
உருதோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
உருதுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
உருதால் (instrumental singular)
உருதிலிருந்து (ablative singular)


ლჷქა̈რთუ

head

ლჷქა̈რთუ • (ləkärtu)


ქორთული

From Proto-Georgian-Zan *kart-ul-, from Proto-Kartvelian *kart-.


瓊語

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


pehlvi

fr-adj

pehlvi (feminine pehlvie, masculine plural pehlvis, feminine plural pehlvies)

pehlvie (feminine)
pehlvis (masculine plural)
pehlvies (feminine plural)


uiguriska

uiguriska (indefinite nominative singular)
uiguriskan (definite nominative singular)
uiguriskor (indefinite nominative plural)
uiguriskorna (definite nominative plural)
uiguriskas (genitive indefinite singular)
uiguriskans (definite genitive singular)
uiguriskors (genitive indefinite plural)
uiguriskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) Uyghur; the language of the Uyghur people


Meitei

en-proper noun

Meitei (countable and uncountable, plural Meiteis)

The Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the people of Manipur.


Classical Meitei

The Meitei language as spoken and written in formal speeches, literature, the arts, etc., by the ancient Meiteis.


Ancient Meitei

Ancient Meitei language
Ancient Meitei literature

A form of the Meitei language of antiquity.


Ancient Meitei

en-noun

Ancient Meitei (plural Ancient Meiteis or Ancient Meitei)

Ancient Meiteis (plural)
Ancient Meitei (plural)

A native or inhabitant of Ancient Kangleipak.


komoriska

komoriska (indefinite nominative singular)
komoriskan (definite nominative singular)
komoriskor (indefinite nominative plural)
komoriskorna (definite nominative plural)
komoriskas (genitive indefinite singular)
komoriskans (definite genitive singular)
komoriskors (genitive indefinite plural)
komoriskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) Comorian; an official language in the Comoros


arvanítica

Borrowed from Greek αρβανίτικα (arvanítika).

bor+

Arvanitika (variety of Albanian spoken by the Arvanites)


kirgiziska

kirgiziska (indefinite nominative singular)
kirgiziskan (definite nominative singular)
kirgiziskor (indefinite nominative plural)
kirgiziskorna (definite nominative plural)
kirgiziskas (genitive indefinite singular)
kirgiziskans (definite genitive singular)
kirgiziskors (genitive indefinite plural)
kirgiziskornas (definite genitive plural)


kirgisiska

kirgisiska (indefinite nominative singular)
kirgisiskan (definite nominative singular)
kirgisiskor (indefinite nominative plural)
kirgisiskorna (definite nominative plural)
kirgisiskas (genitive indefinite singular)
kirgisiskans (definite genitive singular)
kirgisiskors (genitive indefinite plural)
kirgisiskornas (definite genitive plural)


வடமொழி

ta-proper noun

வடமொழி • (vaṭamoḻi)

vaṭamoḻi (romanization)
வடமொழி (nominative singular)
வடமொழியே (singular vocative)
வடமொழியை (accusative singular)
வடமொழிக்கு (dative singular)
வடமொழிக்காக (benefactive singular)
வடமொழியுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
வடமொழியின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
வடமொழியில் (locative locative-i singular)
வடமொழியிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
வடமொழியோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
வடமொழியுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
வடமொழியால் (instrumental singular)
வடமொழியிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

Compound of வட (vaṭa, “northern”, adjectival of வடக்கு (vaṭakku, “north”)) + மொழி (moḻi, “language”), translates to 'northern tongue' or 'northern language.'


Tafi

A Kwa language spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana.


வடசொல்

ta-noun

வடசொல் • (vaṭacol)

vaṭacol (romanization)
வடசொல் (nominative singular)
வடசொற்கள் (nominative plural)
வடசொல்லே (singular vocative)
வடசொற்களே (plural vocative)
வடசொல்லை (accusative singular)
வடசொற்களை (accusative plural)
வடசொல்லுக்கு (dative singular)
வடசொற்களுக்கு (dative plural)
வடசொல்லுக்காக (benefactive singular)
வடசொற்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
வடசொல்லுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
வடசொற்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
வடசொல்லின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
வடசொற்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
வடசொல்லில் (locative locative-i singular)
வடசொற்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
வடசொல்லிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
வடசொற்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
வடசொல்லோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
வடசொற்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
வடசொல்லுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
வடசொற்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
வடசொல்லால் (instrumental singular)
வடசொற்களால் (instrumental plural)
வடசொல்லிலிருந்து (ablative singular)
வடசொற்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)

From வட- (vaṭa-, from வடக்கு (vaṭakku, “north”)) + சொல் (col, “word, vocabulary”).

com

from <i class="Taml mention" lang="ta">வடக்கு</i> (vaṭakku, “north”)


Urduca

head

Urduca (definite accusative m, uncountable)

Urdu (an Indo-Iranian language with native speakers mainly in Pakistan and India)


班圖語

/pän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


地瓜腔

/ti⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ti⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Coined because sweet potatoes feature heavily in the cuisines of Taiwan and the Hokkien-speaking regions of mainland China.

strong non-native accent of native Hokkien speakers when speaking Mandarin


班圖語支

Баньту юйчжи

/pän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/pän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/


英称

ja-noun

英(えい)称(しょう) • (eishō) ^(←えいしよう (eisyou)?)

英称 (canonical)
eishō (romanization)
eisyou (romanization)
えいしよう (hiragana historical)


克倫語

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Karen (language spoken by people of the Karen ethnic group)


馬薩諸塞語

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄓㄨ ㄙㄞˋ ㄩˇ

масачжусайюй

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


Iningles

[ʔɪ.n̪ɪŋˈɡl̪is̪]


keskikiina

keskikiina (nominative singular)
keskikiinat (nominative plural)
keskikiina (accusative nominative singular)
keskikiinat (accusative nominative plural)
keskikiinan (accusative genitive singular)
keskikiinat (accusative genitive plural)
keskikiinan (genitive singular)
keskikiinojen (genitive plural)
keskikiinain (genitive plural rare)
keskikiinaa (partitive singular)
keskikiinoja (partitive plural)
keskikiinassa (inessive singular)
keskikiinoissa (inessive plural)
keskikiinasta (elative singular)
keskikiinoista (elative plural)
keskikiinaan (illative singular)
keskikiinoihin (illative plural)
keskikiinalla (adessive singular)
keskikiinoilla (adessive plural)
keskikiinalta (ablative singular)
keskikiinoilta (ablative plural)
keskikiinalle (allative singular)
keskikiinoille (allative plural)
keskikiinana (essive singular)
keskikiinoina (essive plural)
keskikiinaksi (singular translative)
keskikiinoiksi (plural translative)
keskikiinatta (abessive singular)
keskikiinoitta (abessive plural)
keskikiinoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
keskikiinani (nominative singular)
keskikiinani (nominative plural)
keskikiinani (accusative nominative singular)
keskikiinani (accusative nominative plural)
keskikiinani (accusative genitive singular)
keskikiinani (accusative genitive plural)
keskikiinani (genitive singular)
keskikiinojeni (genitive plural)
keskikiinaini (genitive plural rare)
keskikiinaani (partitive singular)
keskikiinojani (partitive plural)
keskikiinassani (inessive singular)
keskikiinoissani (inessive plural)
keskikiinastani (elative singular)
keskikiinoistani (elative plural)
keskikiinaani (illative singular)
keskikiinoihini (illative plural)
keskikiinallani (adessive singular)
keskikiinoillani (adessive plural)
keskikiinaltani (ablative singular)
keskikiinoiltani (ablative plural)
keskikiinalleni (allative singular)
keskikiinoilleni (allative plural)
keskikiinanani (essive singular)
keskikiinoinani (essive plural)
keskikiinakseni (singular translative)
keskikiinoikseni (plural translative)
keskikiinattani (abessive singular)
keskikiinoittani (abessive plural)
keskikiinoineni (comitative plural)
keskikiinasi (nominative singular)
keskikiinasi (nominative plural)
keskikiinasi (accusative nominative singular)
keskikiinasi (accusative nominative plural)
keskikiinasi (accusative genitive singular)
keskikiinasi (accusative genitive plural)
keskikiinasi (genitive singular)
keskikiinojesi (genitive plural)
keskikiinaisi (genitive plural rare)
keskikiinaasi (partitive singular)
keskikiinojasi (partitive plural)
keskikiinassasi (inessive singular)
keskikiinoissasi (inessive plural)
keskikiinastasi (elative singular)
keskikiinoistasi (elative plural)
keskikiinaasi (illative singular)
keskikiinoihisi (illative plural)
keskikiinallasi (adessive singular)
keskikiinoillasi (adessive plural)
keskikiinaltasi (ablative singular)
keskikiinoiltasi (ablative plural)
keskikiinallesi (allative singular)
keskikiinoillesi (allative plural)
keskikiinanasi (essive singular)
keskikiinoinasi (essive plural)
keskikiinaksesi (singular translative)
keskikiinoiksesi (plural translative)
keskikiinattasi (abessive singular)
keskikiinoittasi (abessive plural)
keskikiinoinesi (comitative plural)
keskikiinamme (nominative singular)
keskikiinamme (nominative plural)
keskikiinamme (accusative nominative singular)
keskikiinamme (accusative nominative plural)
keskikiinamme (accusative genitive singular)
keskikiinamme (accusative genitive plural)
keskikiinamme (genitive singular)
keskikiinojemme (genitive plural)
keskikiinaimme (genitive plural rare)
keskikiinaamme (partitive singular)
keskikiinojamme (partitive plural)
keskikiinassamme (inessive singular)
keskikiinoissamme (inessive plural)
keskikiinastamme (elative singular)
keskikiinoistamme (elative plural)
keskikiinaamme (illative singular)
keskikiinoihimme (illative plural)
keskikiinallamme (adessive singular)
keskikiinoillamme (adessive plural)
keskikiinaltamme (ablative singular)
keskikiinoiltamme (ablative plural)
keskikiinallemme (allative singular)
keskikiinoillemme (allative plural)
keskikiinanamme (essive singular)
keskikiinoinamme (essive plural)
keskikiinaksemme (singular translative)
keskikiinoiksemme (plural translative)
keskikiinattamme (abessive singular)
keskikiinoittamme (abessive plural)
keskikiinoinemme (comitative plural)
keskikiinanne (nominative singular)
keskikiinanne (nominative plural)
keskikiinanne (accusative nominative singular)
keskikiinanne (accusative nominative plural)
keskikiinanne (accusative genitive singular)
keskikiinanne (accusative genitive plural)
keskikiinanne (genitive singular)
keskikiinojenne (genitive plural)
keskikiinainne (genitive plural rare)
keskikiinaanne (partitive singular)
keskikiinojanne (partitive plural)
keskikiinassanne (inessive singular)
keskikiinoissanne (inessive plural)
keskikiinastanne (elative singular)
keskikiinoistanne (elative plural)
keskikiinaanne (illative singular)
keskikiinoihinne (illative plural)
keskikiinallanne (adessive singular)
keskikiinoillanne (adessive plural)
keskikiinaltanne (ablative singular)
keskikiinoiltanne (ablative plural)
keskikiinallenne (allative singular)
keskikiinoillenne (allative plural)
keskikiinananne (essive singular)
keskikiinoinanne (essive plural)
keskikiinaksenne (singular translative)
keskikiinoiksenne (plural translative)
keskikiinattanne (abessive singular)
keskikiinoittanne (abessive plural)
keskikiinoinenne (comitative plural)
keskikiinansa (nominative singular)
keskikiinansa (nominative plural)
keskikiinansa (accusative nominative singular)
keskikiinansa (accusative nominative plural)
keskikiinansa (accusative genitive singular)
keskikiinansa (accusative genitive plural)
keskikiinansa (genitive singular)
keskikiinojensa (genitive plural)
keskikiinainsa (genitive plural rare)
keskikiinaansa (partitive singular)
keskikiinojaan (partitive plural)
keskikiinojansa (partitive plural)
keskikiinassaan (inessive singular)
keskikiinassansa (inessive singular)
keskikiinoissaan (inessive plural)
keskikiinoissansa (inessive plural)
keskikiinastaan (elative singular)
keskikiinastansa (elative singular)
keskikiinoistaan (elative plural)
keskikiinoistansa (elative plural)
keskikiinaansa (illative singular)
keskikiinoihinsa (illative plural)
keskikiinallaan (adessive singular)
keskikiinallansa (adessive singular)
keskikiinoillaan (adessive plural)
keskikiinoillansa (adessive plural)
keskikiinaltaan (ablative singular)
keskikiinaltansa (ablative singular)
keskikiinoiltaan (ablative plural)
keskikiinoiltansa (ablative plural)
keskikiinalleen (allative singular)
keskikiinallensa (allative singular)
keskikiinoilleen (allative plural)
keskikiinoillensa (allative plural)
keskikiinanaan (essive singular)
keskikiinanansa (essive singular)
keskikiinoinaan (essive plural)
keskikiinoinansa (essive plural)
keskikiinakseen (singular translative)
keskikiinaksensa (singular translative)
keskikiinoikseen (plural translative)
keskikiinoiksensa (plural translative)
keskikiinattaan (abessive singular)
keskikiinattansa (abessive singular)
keskikiinoittaan (abessive plural)
keskikiinoittansa (abessive plural)
keskikiinoineen (comitative plural)
keskikiinoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈk̟e̞s̠k̟iˌk̟iːnɑ̝]

Calque of English Middle Chinese; keski- + kiina.

Coordinate term: muinaiskiina (“Old Chinese”)


Perseg

Perseg (mutation mutation-radical)
Berseg (mutation mutation-soft)
Mherseg (mutation mutation-nasal)
Pherseg (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Arabeg

Arabeg (mutation mutation-radical)
Harabeg (mutation prothesis-h)


Fungor

The Benue-Congo language spoken by these people.


南非荷蘭語

ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄟ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄢˊ ㄩˇ

Наньфэй Хэланьюй

/nän³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


Modern Norwegian

Translation of Norwegian nynorsk (“Modern Norwegian”, literally “New Norwegian”).

Nynorsk; Norwegian as spoken after 1500, and the written language that is based on this


切音字

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

(historical) any late Qing-era phonetic alphabet for the Chinese language


Elefen

From LFN, an initialism of Lingua Franca Nova.


Elefeno

Lingua Franca Nova
Lingua Franca Nova#English

elefenigi

to translate or transliterate into Lingua Franca Nova


Mariupol Greek

A Greek dialect spoken by the ethnic Greeks living along the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, in southeastern Ukraine.

馬里烏波爾希臘語

Greek dialect spoken in southeastern Ukraine


教會斯拉夫語

ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄙ ㄌㄚ ㄈㄨ ㄩˇ

цзяохуэй сылафуюй

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Church Slavonic (liturgical language of various Slavic church traditions)


馬里烏波爾希臘語

ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄨ ㄅㄛ ㄦˇ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄚˋ ㄩˇ

малиубоэр силаюй

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ lä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Mariupol Greek (a Greek dialect spoken in southeastern Ukraine)


itwu

Borrowed from Korean 이두(吏讀) (idu), in the Yale romanization.

A method of annotating Classical Chinese text so that it can be read as Korean, using additional characters that represent Korean grammatical items.


hyangchal

Borrowed from Korean 향찰(鄕札) (hyangchal), either Revised Romanization or Yale romanization.

A method of using Chinese characters to write pure ancient Korean texts, used in Sillan hyangka / hyangga poetry. It is similar to the Japanese practice of Man'yōgana.

Revised Romanization
Yale romanization of Korean


克里米亞哥特語

kèlǐmǐyà gētèyǔ

kèlǐmǐyǎ gētèyǔ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄜ ㄊㄜˋ ㄩˇ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄜ ㄊㄜˋ ㄩˇ

кэлимия гэтэюй

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Crimean Gothic (East Germanic dialect spoken in some isolated locations in Crimea until the late eighteenth century)


三段活用

三(さん)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (san-dan katsuyō)

三段活用 (canonical)
san-dan katsuyō (romanization)

(linguistics, uncommon) trigrade conjugation


Hinaraya

From Spanish haraya + -in-, the Spanish being from iraya (“inland; upstream”).

infix

Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">haraya</i>

Karay-a (language, usually perceived as a dialect of Hiligaynon spoken in the mountain regions of Iloilo province)


немисче

head

немисче • (nemisce) (Arabic spelling نەمىسچە)

nemisce (romanization)
نەمىسچە (Arabic)
немисче (nominative singular)
немисченин (genitive singular)
немисчеге (dative singular)
немисчени (accusative singular)
немисчеде (locative singular)
немисчеден (ablative singular)
немисчем (first-person nominative singular)
немисчемдин (first-person genitive singular)
немисчеме (dative first-person singular)
немисчемди (accusative first-person singular)
немисчемде (first-person locative singular)
немисчемден (ablative first-person singular)
немисчең (informal nominative second-person singular)
немисчеңдин (genitive informal second-person singular)
немисчеңе (dative informal second-person singular)
немисчеңди (accusative informal second-person singular)
немисчеңде (informal locative second-person singular)
немисчеңден (ablative informal second-person singular)
немисчеңиз (formal nominative second-person singular)
немисчеңиздин (formal genitive second-person singular)
немисчеңизге (dative formal second-person singular)
немисчеңизди (accusative formal second-person singular)
немисчеңизде (formal locative second-person singular)
немисчеңизден (ablative formal second-person singular)

From немис (nemis, “German”) + -че (-ce).

Сиз немисче билесизби?


кытайча

кытайча • (kıtayca) (Arabic spelling قىتايچا)

kıtayca (romanization)
قىتايچا (Arabic)
кытайча (nominative singular)
кытайчанын (genitive singular)
кытайчага (dative singular)
кытайчаны (accusative singular)
кытайчада (locative singular)
кытайчадан (ablative singular)
кытайчам (first-person nominative singular)
кытайчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
кытайчама (dative first-person singular)
кытайчамды (accusative first-person singular)
кытайчамда (first-person locative singular)
кытайчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
кытайчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
кытайчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
кытайчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
кытайчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
кытайчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
кытайчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
кытайчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
кытайчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
кытайчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
кытайчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
кытайчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
кытайчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From кытай (kıtay, “Chinese”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз кытайча билесизби?


түркчө

түркчө • (türkcö) (Arabic spelling تۉركچۅ)

türkcö (romanization)
تۉركچۅ (Arabic)
түркчө (nominative singular)
түркчөнүн (genitive singular)
түркчөгө (dative singular)
түркчөнү (accusative singular)
түркчөдө (locative singular)
түркчөдөн (ablative singular)
түркчөм (first-person nominative singular)
түркчөмдүн (first-person genitive singular)
түркчөмө (dative first-person singular)
түркчөмдү (accusative first-person singular)
түркчөмдө (first-person locative singular)
түркчөмдөн (ablative first-person singular)
түркчөң (informal nominative second-person singular)
түркчөңдүн (genitive informal second-person singular)
түркчөңө (dative informal second-person singular)
түркчөңдү (accusative informal second-person singular)
түркчөңдө (informal locative second-person singular)
түркчөңдөн (ablative informal second-person singular)
түркчөңүз (formal nominative second-person singular)
түркчөңүздүн (formal genitive second-person singular)
түркчөңүзгө (dative formal second-person singular)
түркчөңүздү (accusative formal second-person singular)
түркчөңүздө (formal locative second-person singular)
түркчөңүздөн (ablative formal second-person singular)

Сиз түркчө билесизби?


мажарча

мажарча • (majarca) (Arabic spelling ماجارچا)

majarca (romanization)
ماجارچا (Arabic)
мажарча (nominative singular)
мажарчанын (genitive singular)
мажарчага (dative singular)
мажарчаны (accusative singular)
мажарчада (locative singular)
мажарчадан (ablative singular)
мажарчам (first-person nominative singular)
мажарчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
мажарчама (dative first-person singular)
мажарчамды (accusative first-person singular)
мажарчамда (first-person locative singular)
мажарчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
мажарчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
мажарчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
мажарчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
мажарчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
мажарчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
мажарчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
мажарчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
мажарчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
мажарчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
мажарчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
мажарчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
мажарчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From мажар (majar, “Hungarian”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз мажарча билесизби?


казакча

казакча • (kazakca) (Arabic spelling قازاقچا)

kazakca (romanization)
قازاقچا (Arabic)
казакча (nominative singular)
казакчанын (genitive singular)
казакчага (dative singular)
казакчаны (accusative singular)
казакчада (locative singular)
казакчадан (ablative singular)
казакчам (first-person nominative singular)
казакчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
казакчама (dative first-person singular)
казакчамды (accusative first-person singular)
казакчамда (first-person locative singular)
казакчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
казакчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
казакчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
казакчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
казакчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
казакчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
казакчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
казакчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
казакчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
казакчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
казакчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
казакчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
казакчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From казак (kazak, “Kazakh”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз казакча билесизби?


армянча

армянча • (armyanca) (Arabic spelling ارميانچا)

armyanca (romanization)
ارميانچا (Arabic)
армянча (nominative singular)
армянчанын (genitive singular)
армянчага (dative singular)
армянчаны (accusative singular)
армянчада (locative singular)
армянчадан (ablative singular)
армянчам (first-person nominative singular)
армянчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
армянчама (dative first-person singular)
армянчамды (accusative first-person singular)
армянчамда (first-person locative singular)
армянчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
армянчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
армянчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
армянчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
армянчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
армянчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
армянчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
армянчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
армянчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
армянчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
армянчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
армянчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
армянчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

Сиз армянча билесизби?


англисче

англисче • (anglisce) (Arabic spelling انگلئسچە)

anglisce (romanization)
انگلئسچە (Arabic)
англисче (nominative singular)
англисченин (genitive singular)
англисчеге (dative singular)
англисчени (accusative singular)
англисчеде (locative singular)
англисчеден (ablative singular)
англисчем (first-person nominative singular)
англисчемдин (first-person genitive singular)
англисчеме (dative first-person singular)
англисчемди (accusative first-person singular)
англисчемде (first-person locative singular)
англисчемден (ablative first-person singular)
англисчең (informal nominative second-person singular)
англисчеңдин (genitive informal second-person singular)
англисчеңе (dative informal second-person singular)
англисчеңди (accusative informal second-person singular)
англисчеңде (informal locative second-person singular)
англисчеңден (ablative informal second-person singular)
англисчеңиз (formal nominative second-person singular)
англисчеңиздин (formal genitive second-person singular)
англисчеңизге (dative formal second-person singular)
англисчеңизди (accusative formal second-person singular)
англисчеңизде (formal locative second-person singular)
англисчеңизден (ablative formal second-person singular)

From англис (anglis, “English”) + -че (-ce).

Сиз англисче билесизби?


иңглишче

иңглишче • (iŋglişce) (Arabic spelling ئڭگلئشچە)

iŋglişce (romanization)
ئڭگلئشچە (Arabic)
иңглишче (nominative singular)
иңглишченин (genitive singular)
иңглишчеге (dative singular)
иңглишчени (accusative singular)
иңглишчеде (locative singular)
иңглишчеден (ablative singular)
иңглишчем (first-person nominative singular)
иңглишчемдин (first-person genitive singular)
иңглишчеме (dative first-person singular)
иңглишчемди (accusative first-person singular)
иңглишчемде (first-person locative singular)
иңглишчемден (ablative first-person singular)
иңглишчең (informal nominative second-person singular)
иңглишчеңдин (genitive informal second-person singular)
иңглишчеңе (dative informal second-person singular)
иңглишчеңди (accusative informal second-person singular)
иңглишчеңде (informal locative second-person singular)
иңглишчеңден (ablative informal second-person singular)
иңглишчеңиз (formal nominative second-person singular)
иңглишчеңиздин (formal genitive second-person singular)
иңглишчеңизге (dative formal second-person singular)
иңглишчеңизди (accusative formal second-person singular)
иңглишчеңизде (formal locative second-person singular)
иңглишчеңизден (ablative formal second-person singular)

From иңглиш (iŋgliş, “English”) + -че (-ce).

Сиз иңглишче билесизби?


башкыртча

башкыртча • (başkırtca) (Arabic spelling باشقىرتچا)

başkırtca (romanization)
باشقىرتچا (Arabic)
башкыртча (nominative singular)
башкыртчанын (genitive singular)
башкыртчага (dative singular)
башкыртчаны (accusative singular)
башкыртчада (locative singular)
башкыртчадан (ablative singular)
башкыртчам (first-person nominative singular)
башкыртчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
башкыртчама (dative first-person singular)
башкыртчамды (accusative first-person singular)
башкыртчамда (first-person locative singular)
башкыртчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
башкыртчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
башкыртчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
башкыртчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
башкыртчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
башкыртчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
башкыртчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
башкыртчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
башкыртчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
башкыртчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
башкыртчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
башкыртчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
башкыртчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

Сиз башкыртча билесизби?


моңголчо

моңголчо • (moŋgolco) (Arabic spelling موڭعولچو)

moŋgolco (romanization)
موڭعولچو (Arabic)
моңголчо (nominative singular)
моңголчонун (genitive singular)
моңголчого (dative singular)
моңголчону (accusative singular)
моңголчодо (locative singular)
моңголчодон (ablative singular)
моңголчом (first-person nominative singular)
моңголчомдун (first-person genitive singular)
моңголчома (dative first-person singular)
моңголчомду (accusative first-person singular)
моңголчомда (first-person locative singular)
моңголчомдан (ablative first-person singular)
моңголчоң (informal nominative second-person singular)
моңголчоңдун (genitive informal second-person singular)
моңголчоңа (dative informal second-person singular)
моңголчоңду (accusative informal second-person singular)
моңголчоңда (informal locative second-person singular)
моңголчоңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
моңголчоңуз (formal nominative second-person singular)
моңголчоңуздун (formal genitive second-person singular)
моңголчоңузга (dative formal second-person singular)
моңголчоңузду (accusative formal second-person singular)
моңголчоңузда (formal locative second-person singular)
моңголчоңуздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From моңгол (moŋgol, “Mongol”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз моңголчо билесизби?


kašmiri

kašmiri (nominative singular)
kašmirit (nominative plural)
kašmiri (accusative nominative singular)
kašmirit (accusative nominative plural)
kašmirin (accusative genitive singular)
kašmirit (accusative genitive plural)
kašmirin (genitive singular)
kašmirien (genitive plural)
kašmiria (partitive singular)
kašmireja (partitive plural)
kašmirissa (inessive singular)
kašmireissa (inessive plural)
kašmirista (elative singular)
kašmireista (elative plural)
kašmiriin (illative singular)
kašmireihin (illative plural)
kašmirilla (adessive singular)
kašmireilla (adessive plural)
kašmirilta (ablative singular)
kašmireilta (ablative plural)
kašmirille (allative singular)
kašmireille (allative plural)
kašmirina (essive singular)
kašmireina (essive plural)
kašmiriksi (singular translative)
kašmireiksi (plural translative)
kašmiritta (abessive singular)
kašmireitta (abessive plural)
kašmirein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kašmirini (nominative singular)
kašmirini (nominative plural)
kašmirini (accusative nominative singular)
kašmirini (accusative nominative plural)
kašmirini (accusative genitive singular)
kašmirini (accusative genitive plural)
kašmirini (genitive singular)
kašmirieni (genitive plural)
kašmiriani (partitive singular)
kašmirejani (partitive plural)
kašmirissani (inessive singular)
kašmireissani (inessive plural)
kašmiristani (elative singular)
kašmireistani (elative plural)
kašmiriini (illative singular)
kašmireihini (illative plural)
kašmirillani (adessive singular)
kašmireillani (adessive plural)
kašmiriltani (ablative singular)
kašmireiltani (ablative plural)
kašmirilleni (allative singular)
kašmireilleni (allative plural)
kašmirinani (essive singular)
kašmireinani (essive plural)
kašmirikseni (singular translative)
kašmireikseni (plural translative)
kašmirittani (abessive singular)
kašmireittani (abessive plural)
kašmireineni (comitative plural)
kašmirisi (nominative singular)
kašmirisi (nominative plural)
kašmirisi (accusative nominative singular)
kašmirisi (accusative nominative plural)
kašmirisi (accusative genitive singular)
kašmirisi (accusative genitive plural)
kašmirisi (genitive singular)
kašmiriesi (genitive plural)
kašmiriasi (partitive singular)
kašmirejasi (partitive plural)
kašmirissasi (inessive singular)
kašmireissasi (inessive plural)
kašmiristasi (elative singular)
kašmireistasi (elative plural)
kašmiriisi (illative singular)
kašmireihisi (illative plural)
kašmirillasi (adessive singular)
kašmireillasi (adessive plural)
kašmiriltasi (ablative singular)
kašmireiltasi (ablative plural)
kašmirillesi (allative singular)
kašmireillesi (allative plural)
kašmirinasi (essive singular)
kašmireinasi (essive plural)
kašmiriksesi (singular translative)
kašmireiksesi (plural translative)
kašmirittasi (abessive singular)
kašmireittasi (abessive plural)
kašmireinesi (comitative plural)
kašmirimme (nominative singular)
kašmirimme (nominative plural)
kašmirimme (accusative nominative singular)
kašmirimme (accusative nominative plural)
kašmirimme (accusative genitive singular)
kašmirimme (accusative genitive plural)
kašmirimme (genitive singular)
kašmiriemme (genitive plural)
kašmiriamme (partitive singular)
kašmirejamme (partitive plural)
kašmirissamme (inessive singular)
kašmireissamme (inessive plural)
kašmiristamme (elative singular)
kašmireistamme (elative plural)
kašmiriimme (illative singular)
kašmireihimme (illative plural)
kašmirillamme (adessive singular)
kašmireillamme (adessive plural)
kašmiriltamme (ablative singular)
kašmireiltamme (ablative plural)
kašmirillemme (allative singular)
kašmireillemme (allative plural)
kašmirinamme (essive singular)
kašmireinamme (essive plural)
kašmiriksemme (singular translative)
kašmireiksemme (plural translative)
kašmirittamme (abessive singular)
kašmireittamme (abessive plural)
kašmireinemme (comitative plural)
kašmirinne (nominative singular)
kašmirinne (nominative plural)
kašmirinne (accusative nominative singular)
kašmirinne (accusative nominative plural)
kašmirinne (accusative genitive singular)
kašmirinne (accusative genitive plural)
kašmirinne (genitive singular)
kašmirienne (genitive plural)
kašmirianne (partitive singular)
kašmirejanne (partitive plural)
kašmirissanne (inessive singular)
kašmireissanne (inessive plural)
kašmiristanne (elative singular)
kašmireistanne (elative plural)
kašmiriinne (illative singular)
kašmireihinne (illative plural)
kašmirillanne (adessive singular)
kašmireillanne (adessive plural)
kašmiriltanne (ablative singular)
kašmireiltanne (ablative plural)
kašmirillenne (allative singular)
kašmireillenne (allative plural)
kašmirinanne (essive singular)
kašmireinanne (essive plural)
kašmiriksenne (singular translative)
kašmireiksenne (plural translative)
kašmirittanne (abessive singular)
kašmireittanne (abessive plural)
kašmireinenne (comitative plural)
kašmirinsa (nominative singular)
kašmirinsa (nominative plural)
kašmirinsa (accusative nominative singular)
kašmirinsa (accusative nominative plural)
kašmirinsa (accusative genitive singular)
kašmirinsa (accusative genitive plural)
kašmirinsa (genitive singular)
kašmiriensa (genitive plural)
kašmiriaan (partitive singular)
kašmiriansa (partitive singular)
kašmirejaan (partitive plural)
kašmirejansa (partitive plural)
kašmirissaan (inessive singular)
kašmirissansa (inessive singular)
kašmireissaan (inessive plural)
kašmireissansa (inessive plural)
kašmiristaan (elative singular)
kašmiristansa (elative singular)
kašmireistaan (elative plural)
kašmireistansa (elative plural)
kašmiriinsa (illative singular)
kašmireihinsa (illative plural)
kašmirillaan (adessive singular)
kašmirillansa (adessive singular)
kašmireillaan (adessive plural)
kašmireillansa (adessive plural)
kašmiriltaan (ablative singular)
kašmiriltansa (ablative singular)
kašmireiltaan (ablative plural)
kašmireiltansa (ablative plural)
kašmirilleen (allative singular)
kašmirillensa (allative singular)
kašmireilleen (allative plural)
kašmireillensa (allative plural)
kašmirinaan (essive singular)
kašmirinansa (essive singular)
kašmireinaan (essive plural)
kašmireinansa (essive plural)
kašmirikseen (singular translative)
kašmiriksensa (singular translative)
kašmireikseen (plural translative)
kašmireiksensa (plural translative)
kašmirittaan (abessive singular)
kašmirittansa (abessive singular)
kašmireittaan (abessive plural)
kašmireittansa (abessive plural)
kašmireineen (comitative plural)
kašmireinensa (comitative plural)

From Kašmir with an additional -i in the nominative to align with the inflection, since -i is the default stem vowel for foreign words ending in consonants.


латышча

head

латышча • (latışca) (Arabic spelling لاتىشچا)

latışca (romanization)
لاتىشچا (Arabic)
латышча (nominative singular)
латышчанын (genitive singular)
латышчага (dative singular)
латышчаны (accusative singular)
латышчада (locative singular)
латышчадан (ablative singular)
латышчам (first-person nominative singular)
латышчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
латышчама (dative first-person singular)
латышчамды (accusative first-person singular)
латышчамда (first-person locative singular)
латышчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
латышчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
латышчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
латышчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
латышчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
латышчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
латышчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
латышчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
латышчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
латышчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
латышчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
латышчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
латышчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From латыш (latış, “Latvian”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз латышча билесизби?


португалча

португалча • (portugalca) (Arabic spelling پورتۇعالچا)

portugalca (romanization)
پورتۇعالچا (Arabic)
португалча (nominative singular)
португалчанын (genitive singular)
португалчага (dative singular)
португалчаны (accusative singular)
португалчада (locative singular)
португалчадан (ablative singular)
португалчам (first-person nominative singular)
португалчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
португалчама (dative first-person singular)
португалчамды (accusative first-person singular)
португалчамда (first-person locative singular)
португалчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
португалчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
португалчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
португалчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
португалчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
португалчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
португалчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
португалчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
португалчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
португалчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
португалчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
португалчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
португалчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

пор‧ту‧гал‧ча

From португал (portugal, “Portuguese”) + -ча (-ca).

suf

Сиз португалча билесизби?


франсузча

head

франсузча • (fransuzca) (Arabic spelling فرانسۇزچا)

fransuzca (romanization)
فرانسۇزچا (Arabic)
франсузча (nominative singular)
франсузчанын (genitive singular)
франсузчага (dative singular)
франсузчаны (accusative singular)
франсузчада (locative singular)
франсузчадан (ablative singular)
франсузчам (first-person nominative singular)
франсузчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
франсузчама (dative first-person singular)
франсузчамды (accusative first-person singular)
франсузчамда (first-person locative singular)
франсузчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
франсузчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
франсузчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
франсузчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
франсузчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
франсузчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
франсузчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
франсузчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
франсузчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
франсузчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
франсузчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
франсузчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
франсузчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From франсуз (fransuz, “French”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз франсузча билесизби?


италянча

италянча • (italyanca) (Arabic spelling ئتاليانچا)

italyanca (romanization)
ئتاليانچا (Arabic)
италянча (nominative singular)
италянчанын (genitive singular)
италянчага (dative singular)
италянчаны (accusative singular)
италянчада (locative singular)
италянчадан (ablative singular)
италянчам (first-person nominative singular)
италянчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
италянчама (dative first-person singular)
италянчамды (accusative first-person singular)
италянчамда (first-person locative singular)
италянчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
италянчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
италянчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
италянчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
италянчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
италянчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
италянчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
италянчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
италянчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
италянчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
италянчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
италянчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
италянчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From италян (italyan, “Italian”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз италянча билесизби?


Buscemese

Of, from, or pertaining to Buscemi, the Buscemese people or the Buscemese dialect.


Gogo

A Bantu language spoken in central Tanzania.


Ayere

A Niger-Congo language spoken in Nigeria, closely related to Ahan.


Ahan

An endangered Niger-Congo language spoken in Nigeria, closely related to Ayere.


促聲

/t͡sʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese phonetics) entering tone (one of the four tones of Middle Chinese)


парсыча

парсыча • (parsıca) (Arabic spelling پارسىچا)

parsıca (romanization)
پارسىچا (Arabic)
парсыча (nominative singular)
парсычанын (genitive singular)
парсычага (dative singular)
парсычаны (accusative singular)
парсычада (locative singular)
парсычадан (ablative singular)
парсычам (first-person nominative singular)
парсычамдын (first-person genitive singular)
парсычама (dative first-person singular)
парсычамды (accusative first-person singular)
парсычамда (first-person locative singular)
парсычамдан (ablative first-person singular)
парсычаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
парсычаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
парсычаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
парсычаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
парсычаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
парсычаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
парсычаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
парсычаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
парсычаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
парсычаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
парсычаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
парсычаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From парсы (parsı, “Persian”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз парсыча билесизби?


பாரசீகம்

ta-proper noun

பாரசீகம் • (pāracīkam)

pāracīkam (romanization)
பாரசீகம் (nominative singular)
பாரசீகமே (singular vocative)
பாரசீகத்தை (accusative singular)
பாரசீகத்துக்கு (dative singular)
பாரசீகத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
பாரசீகத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
பாரசீகத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
பாரசீகத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
பாரசீகத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
பாரசீகத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
பாரசீகத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
பாரசீகத்தால் (instrumental singular)
பாரசீகத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)

/paːɾɐt͡ɕiːɡɐm/

From Sanskrit पारसीक (pārasīka), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (pārsa).


abkhaziera

abkhaziera (absolutive indefinite)
abkhaziera (absolutive singular)
abkhazierak (ergative singular)
abkhazierari (dative singular)
abkhazieraren (genitive singular)
abkhazierarekin (comitative singular)
abkhazierarengatik (causative singular)
abkhazierarentzat (benefactive singular)
abkhazieraz (indefinite instrumental)
abkhazieraz (instrumental singular)
abkhazieran (inessive singular)
abkhazierarik (indefinite partitive)
abkhazieratzat (indefinite prolative)

From Abkhazia (“Abkhazia”) + -era (“language”).


Early Modern Korean

The Korean language from the beginning of the seventeenth century to the end of the nineteenth century.


Proto-Koreanic

From proto- + Koreanic. Compare Proto-Japonic, Proto-Indo-European, etc.

(linguistics) Of or relating to the Proto-Koreanic language.


дуңганча

head

дуңганча • (duŋganca) (Arabic spelling دۇڭعانچا)

duŋganca (romanization)
دۇڭعانچا (Arabic)
дуңганча (nominative singular)
дуңганчанын (genitive singular)
дуңганчага (dative singular)
дуңганчаны (accusative singular)
дуңганчада (locative singular)
дуңганчадан (ablative singular)
дуңганчам (first-person nominative singular)
дуңганчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
дуңганчама (dative first-person singular)
дуңганчамды (accusative first-person singular)
дуңганчамда (first-person locative singular)
дуңганчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
дуңганчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
дуңганчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
дуңганчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
дуңганчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
дуңганчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
дуңганчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
дуңганчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
дуңганчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
дуңганчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
дуңганчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
дуңганчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
дуңганчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From дуңган (duŋgan, “Dungan”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз дуңганча билесизби?


Ratagnon

A regional Austronesian language spoken by the Ratagnon people.


turkmenera

turkmenera (absolutive indefinite)
turkmenera (absolutive singular)
turkmenerak (ergative singular)
turkmenerari (dative singular)
turkmeneraren (genitive singular)
turkmenerarekin (comitative singular)
turkmenerarengatik (causative singular)
turkmenerarentzat (benefactive singular)
turkmeneraz (indefinite instrumental)
turkmeneraz (instrumental singular)
turkmeneran (inessive singular)
turkmenerarik (indefinite partitive)
turkmeneratzat (indefinite prolative)

From turkmen (“Turkmen”) + -era (“language”).


Old Malayalam

a Dravidian language attested in inscriptions found in present-day Kerala, India; dated between circa 800 CE - 1200 CE; the ancestor of Middle Malayalam and ultimately the modern Malayalam language.


Middle Malayalam

a Dravidian language which was spoken in the southern part of India in present-day Kerala between circa 1200 CE - 1400 CE; the ancestor of the modern Malayalam language


Middle Tamil

a Dravidian language which was spoken in the southern part of India between circa 700 CE - 1400 CE; the ancestor of Old Malayalam and present-day Tamil languages.


Old Tamil

a Dravidian language which was spoken in the southern part of India between circa 600 BCE - 300 CE; the ancestor of Middle Tamil and present-day Tamil languages.


சங்கத்தமிழ்

ta-proper noun

சங்கத்தமிழ் • (caṅkattamiḻ)

caṅkattamiḻ (romanization)
சங்கத்தமிழ் (nominative singular)
சங்கத்தமிழே (singular vocative)
சங்கத்தமிழை (accusative singular)
சங்கத்தமிழுக்கு (dative singular)
சங்கத்தமிழுக்காக (benefactive singular)
சங்கத்தமிழுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
சங்கத்தமிழின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
சங்கத்தமிழில் (locative locative-i singular)
சங்கத்தமிழிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
சங்கத்தமிழோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
சங்கத்தமிழுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
சங்கத்தமிழால் (instrumental singular)
சங்கத்தமிழிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

Ta-செந்தமிழ்.ogg

/t͡ɕɐŋɡɐt̪ːɐmɪɻ/

[sɐŋɡɐt̪ːɐmɪɻ]

From சங்கம் (caṅkam, “the Sangam Age”) + தமிழ் (tamiḻ, “Tamil”), translates to 'Tamil of the Sangam period.'


பழந்தமிழ்

ta-proper noun

பழந்தமிழ் • (paḻantamiḻ)

paḻantamiḻ (romanization)
பழந்தமிழ் (nominative singular)
பழந்தமிழே (singular vocative)
பழந்தமிழை (accusative singular)
பழந்தமிழுக்கு (dative singular)
பழந்தமிழுக்காக (benefactive singular)
பழந்தமிழுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
பழந்தமிழின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
பழந்தமிழில் (locative locative-i singular)
பழந்தமிழிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
பழந்தமிழோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
பழந்தமிழுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
பழந்தமிழால் (instrumental singular)
பழந்தமிழிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

/pɐɻɐn̪d̪ɐmɪɻ/

From பழந் (paḻan, from பழமை (paḻamai, “old, ancient”)) + தமிழ் (tamiḻ, “Tamil”).

com

from <i class="Taml mention" lang="ta">பழமை</i> (paḻamai, “old, ancient”)

Old Tamil language, the ancestor of Middle Tamil and present-day Tamil languages


கொடுந்தமிழ்

ta-proper noun

கொடுந்தமிழ் • (koṭuntamiḻ)

koṭuntamiḻ (romanization)
கொடுந்தமிழ் (nominative singular)
கொடுந்தமிழே (singular vocative)
கொடுந்தமிழை (accusative singular)
கொடுந்தமிழுக்கு (dative singular)
கொடுந்தமிழுக்காக (benefactive singular)
கொடுந்தமிழுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
கொடுந்தமிழின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
கொடுந்தமிழில் (locative locative-i singular)
கொடுந்தமிழிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
கொடுந்தமிழோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
கொடுந்தமிழுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
கொடுந்தமிழால் (instrumental singular)
கொடுந்தமிழிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

ta-கொடுந்தமிழ்.ogg

/kɔɖʊn̪d̪ɐmɪɻ/

From கொடுந் (koṭun, from கொடுமை (koṭumai, “ruination, torture”)) + தமிழ் (tamiḻ, “Tamil”), translates to 'ruined or tormented Tamil,' possibly referring to the deformation and mispronunciation of செந்தமிழ் (centamiḻ) words.

com

from <i class="Taml mention" lang="ta">கொடுமை</i> (koṭumai, “ruination, torture”)

spoken or colloquial Tamil (including all regional varieties and dialects)


frisiera

frisiera (absolutive indefinite)
frisiera (absolutive singular)
frisierak (ergative singular)
frisierari (dative singular)
frisieraren (genitive singular)
frisierarekin (comitative singular)
frisierarengatik (causative singular)
frisierarentzat (benefactive singular)
frisieraz (indefinite instrumental)
frisieraz (instrumental singular)
frisieran (inessive singular)
frisierarik (indefinite partitive)
frisieratzat (indefinite prolative)

From Frisia (“Friesland”) + -era (“language”).


литовчо

head

литовчо • (litovco) (Arabic spelling لئتوۋچو)

litovco (romanization)
لئتوۋچو (Arabic)
литовчо (nominative singular)
литовчонун (genitive singular)
литовчого (dative singular)
литовчону (accusative singular)
литовчодо (locative singular)
литовчодон (ablative singular)
литовчом (first-person nominative singular)
литовчомдун (first-person genitive singular)
литовчома (dative first-person singular)
литовчомду (accusative first-person singular)
литовчомда (first-person locative singular)
литовчомдан (ablative first-person singular)
литовчоң (informal nominative second-person singular)
литовчоңдун (genitive informal second-person singular)
литовчоңа (dative informal second-person singular)
литовчоңду (accusative informal second-person singular)
литовчоңда (informal locative second-person singular)
литовчоңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
литовчоңуз (formal nominative second-person singular)
литовчоңуздун (formal genitive second-person singular)
литовчоңузга (dative formal second-person singular)
литовчоңузду (accusative formal second-person singular)
литовчоңузда (formal locative second-person singular)
литовчоңуздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From литов (litov, “Lithuanian”) + -чо (-co).

Сиз литовчо билесизби?


арабча

арабча • (arabca) (Arabic spelling ارابچا)

arabca (romanization)
ارابچا (Arabic)
арабча (nominative singular)
арабчанын (genitive singular)
арабчага (dative singular)
арабчаны (accusative singular)
арабчада (locative singular)
арабчадан (ablative singular)
арабчам (first-person nominative singular)
арабчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
арабчама (dative first-person singular)
арабчамды (accusative first-person singular)
арабчамда (first-person locative singular)
арабчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
арабчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
арабчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
арабчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
арабчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
арабчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
арабчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
арабчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
арабчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
арабчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
арабчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
арабчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
арабчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

Сиз арабча билесизби?


грекче

грекче • (grekce) (Arabic spelling گرەكچە)

grekce (romanization)
گرەكچە (Arabic)
грекче (nominative singular)
грекченин (genitive singular)
грекчеге (dative singular)
грекчени (accusative singular)
грекчеде (locative singular)
грекчеден (ablative singular)
грекчем (first-person nominative singular)
грекчемдин (first-person genitive singular)
грекчеме (dative first-person singular)
грекчемди (accusative first-person singular)
грекчемде (first-person locative singular)
грекчемден (ablative first-person singular)
грекчең (informal nominative second-person singular)
грекчеңдин (genitive informal second-person singular)
грекчеңе (dative informal second-person singular)
грекчеңди (accusative informal second-person singular)
грекчеңде (informal locative second-person singular)
грекчеңден (ablative informal second-person singular)
грекчеңиз (formal nominative second-person singular)
грекчеңиздин (formal genitive second-person singular)
грекчеңизге (dative formal second-person singular)
грекчеңизди (accusative formal second-person singular)
грекчеңизде (formal locative second-person singular)
грекчеңизден (ablative formal second-person singular)

Сиз грекче билесизби?


andaluzyjski

pl-adj

andaluzyjski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

andaluzyjski (masculine nominative singular)
andaluzyjska (feminine nominative singular)
andaluzyjskie (neuter nominative singular)
andaluzyjscy (nominative plural virile)
andaluzyjskie (nominative plural)
andaluzyjskiego (genitive masculine singular)
andaluzyjskiej (feminine genitive singular)
andaluzyjskiego (genitive neuter singular)
andaluzyjskich (genitive plural)
andaluzyjskich (genitive plural virile)
andaluzyjskiemu (dative masculine singular)
andaluzyjsku (archaic dative masculine singular)
andaluzyjskiej (dative feminine singular)
andaluzyjskiemu (dative neuter singular)
andaluzyjsku (archaic dative neuter singular)
andaluzyjskim (dative plural)
andaluzyjskim (dative plural virile)
andaluzyjskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
andaluzyjski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
andaluzyjską (accusative feminine singular)
andaluzyjskie (accusative neuter singular)
andaluzyjskich (accusative plural virile)
andaluzyjskie (accusative plural)
andaluzyjskim (instrumental masculine singular)
andaluzyjską (feminine instrumental singular)
andaluzyjskim (instrumental neuter singular)
andaluzyjskimi (instrumental plural)
andaluzyjskimi (instrumental plural virile)
andaluzyjskim (locative masculine singular)
andaluzyjskiej (feminine locative singular)
andaluzyjskim (locative neuter singular)
andaluzyjskich (locative plural)
andaluzyjskich (locative plural virile)

(relational) Andalusian (of or relating to Andalusia)


andaluzyjski

Andalusian (dialect (or varieties) of Spanish spoken in Andalusia)


чехче

cehce (romanization)
چەحچە (Arabic)
чехче (nominative singular)
чехченин (genitive singular)
чехчеге (dative singular)
чехчени (accusative singular)
чехчеде (locative singular)
чехчеден (ablative singular)
чехчем (first-person nominative singular)
чехчемдин (first-person genitive singular)
чехчеме (dative first-person singular)
чехчемди (accusative first-person singular)
чехчемде (first-person locative singular)
чехчемден (ablative first-person singular)
чехчең (informal nominative second-person singular)
чехчеңдин (genitive informal second-person singular)
чехчеңе (dative informal second-person singular)
чехчеңди (accusative informal second-person singular)
чехчеңде (informal locative second-person singular)
чехчеңден (ablative informal second-person singular)
чехчеңиз (formal nominative second-person singular)
чехчеңиздин (formal genitive second-person singular)
чехчеңизге (dative formal second-person singular)
чехчеңизди (accusative formal second-person singular)
чехчеңизде (formal locative second-person singular)
чехчеңизден (ablative formal second-person singular)

Сиз чехче билесизби?


сербче

head

сербче • (serbce) (Arabic spelling سەربچە)

serbce (romanization)
سەربچە (Arabic)
сербче (nominative singular)
сербченин (genitive singular)
сербчеге (dative singular)
сербчени (accusative singular)
сербчеде (locative singular)
сербчеден (ablative singular)
сербчем (first-person nominative singular)
сербчемдин (first-person genitive singular)
сербчеме (dative first-person singular)
сербчемди (accusative first-person singular)
сербчемде (first-person locative singular)
сербчемден (ablative first-person singular)
сербчең (informal nominative second-person singular)
сербчеңдин (genitive informal second-person singular)
сербчеңе (dative informal second-person singular)
сербчеңди (accusative informal second-person singular)
сербчеңде (informal locative second-person singular)
сербчеңден (ablative informal second-person singular)
сербчеңиз (formal nominative second-person singular)
сербчеңиздин (formal genitive second-person singular)
сербчеңизге (dative formal second-person singular)
сербчеңизди (accusative formal second-person singular)
сербчеңизде (formal locative second-person singular)
сербчеңизден (ablative formal second-person singular)

From серб (serb, “Serbian”) + -че (-ce).

Сиз серб билесизби?


эстончо

эстончо • (estonco) (Arabic spelling ەستونچو)

estonco (romanization)
ەستونچو (Arabic)
эстончо (nominative singular)
эстончонун (genitive singular)
эстончого (dative singular)
эстончону (accusative singular)
эстончодо (locative singular)
эстончодон (ablative singular)
эстончом (first-person nominative singular)
эстончомдун (first-person genitive singular)
эстончома (dative first-person singular)
эстончомду (accusative first-person singular)
эстончомда (first-person locative singular)
эстончомдан (ablative first-person singular)
эстончоң (informal nominative second-person singular)
эстончоңдун (genitive informal second-person singular)
эстончоңа (dative informal second-person singular)
эстончоңду (accusative informal second-person singular)
эстончоңда (informal locative second-person singular)
эстончоңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
эстончоңуз (formal nominative second-person singular)
эстончоңуздун (formal genitive second-person singular)
эстончоңузга (dative formal second-person singular)
эстончоңузду (accusative formal second-person singular)
эстончоңузда (formal locative second-person singular)
эстончоңуздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From эстон (eston, “Estonian”) + -чо (-co).

Сиз эстончо билесизби?


словакча

словакча • (slovakca) (Arabic spelling سلوۋاقچا)

slovakca (romanization)
سلوۋاقچا (Arabic)
словакча (nominative singular)
словакчанын (genitive singular)
словакчага (dative singular)
словакчаны (accusative singular)
словакчада (locative singular)
словакчадан (ablative singular)
словакчам (first-person nominative singular)
словакчамдын (first-person genitive singular)
словакчама (dative first-person singular)
словакчамды (accusative first-person singular)
словакчамда (first-person locative singular)
словакчамдан (ablative first-person singular)
словакчаң (informal nominative second-person singular)
словакчаңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
словакчаңа (dative informal second-person singular)
словакчаңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
словакчаңда (informal locative second-person singular)
словакчаңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
словакчаңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
словакчаңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
словакчаңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
словакчаңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
словакчаңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
словакчаңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)

From словак (slovak, “Slovak”) + -ча (-ca).

Сиз словакча билесизби?


濟州話

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/


濟州方言

ㄐㄧˋ ㄓㄡ ㄈㄤ ㄧㄢˊ

Цзичжоу фанъянь

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/


செருமன்

ta-proper noun

செருமன் • (cerumaṉ)

cerumaṉ (romanization)
செருமன் (nominative singular)
செருமனே (singular vocative)
செருமனை (accusative singular)
செருமனுக்கு (dative singular)
செருமனுக்காக (benefactive singular)
செருமனுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
செருமனின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
செருமனில் (locative locative-i singular)
செருமனிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
செருமனோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
செருமனுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
செருமனால் (instrumental singular)
செருமனிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

ஜெர்மன் ஜெர்மன்#Tamil


Vehes

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

A Western Oceanic language, spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.


ஜெர்மன்

ஜெர்மன் • (jermaṉ)

jermaṉ (romanization)
ஜெர்மன் (nominative singular)
ஜெர்மனே (singular vocative)
ஜெர்மனை (accusative singular)
ஜெர்மனுக்கு (dative singular)
ஜெர்மனுக்காக (benefactive singular)
ஜெர்மனுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
ஜெர்மனின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
ஜெர்மனில் (locative locative-i singular)
ஜெர்மனிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
ஜெர்மனோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
ஜெர்மனுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
ஜெர்மனால் (instrumental singular)
ஜெர்மனிலிருந்து (ablative singular)


நார்வீஜியன்

நார்வீஜியன் • (nārvījiyaṉ)

nārvījiyaṉ (romanization)
நார்வீஜியன் (nominative singular)
நார்வீஜியனே (singular vocative)
நார்வீஜியனை (accusative singular)
நார்வீஜியனுக்கு (dative singular)
நார்வீஜியனுக்காக (benefactive singular)
நார்வீஜியனுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
நார்வீஜியனின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
நார்வீஜியனில் (locative locative-i singular)
நார்வீஜியனிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
நார்வீஜியனோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
நார்வீஜியனுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
நார்வீஜியனால் (instrumental singular)
நார்வீஜியனிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

/n̪aːɾʋiːd͡ʑɪjɐn/


இடாய்ச்சு

இடாய்ச்சு • (iṭāyccu)

iṭāyccu (romanization)
இடாய்ச்சு (nominative singular)
இடாய்ச்சே (singular vocative)
இடாய்ச்சை (accusative singular)
இடாய்ச்சுக்கு (dative singular)
இடாய்ச்சுக்காக (benefactive singular)
இடாய்ச்சுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
இடாய்ச்சின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
இடாய்ச்சில் (locative locative-i singular)
இடாய்ச்சிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
இடாய்ச்சோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
இடாய்ச்சுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
இடாய்ச்சால் (instrumental singular)
இடாய்ச்சிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

Ta-இடாய்ச்சு.ogg

/ɪɖaːjt͡ɕːʊ/

[ɪɖaːjt͡ɕːɯ]


வங்காள மொழி

head

வங்காள மொழி • (vaṅkāḷa moḻi)

vaṅkāḷa moḻi (romanization)
வங்காள மொழி (nominative singular)
வங்காள மொழியே (singular vocative)
வங்காள மொழியை (accusative singular)
வங்காள மொழிக்கு (dative singular)
வங்காள மொழிக்காக (benefactive singular)
வங்காள மொழியுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
வங்காள மொழியின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
வங்காள மொழியில் (locative locative-i singular)
வங்காள மொழியிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
வங்காள மொழியோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
வங்காள மொழியுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
வங்காள மொழியால் (instrumental singular)
வங்காள மொழியிலிருந்து (ablative singular)

/ʋɐŋɡaːɭɐ mɔɻɪ/

[ʋɐŋɡaːɭɐ mɔɻi]


یون

یَوَن (canonical)
yavan (romanization)
यवन (Hindi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit यवन (yavana), itself from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑁄𑀦 (yona), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /yauna/). Doublet of یونان (yūnān) and جون (javan).


іврит

uk-noun

іври́т • (ivrýt) m inan (genitive іври́ту, uncountable, relational adjective іври́тський)

іври́т (canonical)
ivrýt (romanization)
іври́ту (genitive)
іври́тський (adjective relational)
іври́т (nominative singular)
іври́ту (genitive singular)
іври́тові (dative singular)
іври́ту (dative singular)
іври́т (accusative singular)
іври́том (instrumental singular)
іври́ту (locative singular)
іври́ті (locative singular)
іври́те (singular vocative)


Black Speech

Generally speaking, the articulation in Black Speech is quite violent. Diphthongs are practically absent and due to the relatively small number of sonorants, the transitions between particular sounds are sharp and abrupt.

2007, Joanna Podhorodecka, “Is lámatyáve a linguistic heresy? Iconicity in J.R.R. Tolkien’s invented languages”, in Elżbieta Tabakowska et al., editors, Insistent Images, →ISBN, page 109:

Many later scholars have agreed with Tolkien on his general declarations about his languages (for example, that the Elvish languages are ‘beautiful’, while the Black Speech is cacophonous or that the languages originated Tolkien’s mythology) and skipped the whole issue of the role of the langauges in his fiction by treating them as a fanciful accessory unworthy of independent study.

2009, Dimitra Fimi, Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits, →ISBN, page 75:

Accepting Alexander Nemirovski’s theory that Tolkien’s Black Speech was based on the long-extinct Hurrian language, the group felt this was an appropriate starting point.

2021, Yens Wahlgren, The Universal Translator: Everything You Need to Know About 139 Languages That Don’t Really Exist, →ISBN, page 278:

constructed language
constructed language

A constructed language designed by J. R. R. Tolkien, intended to be associated with evil.


gutniska

gutniska (indefinite nominative singular)
gutniskan (definite nominative singular)
gutniskor (indefinite nominative plural)
gutniskorna (definite nominative plural)
gutniskas (genitive indefinite singular)
gutniskans (definite genitive singular)
gutniskors (genitive indefinite plural)
gutniskornas (definite genitive plural)


galó

Gallo (Romance variety of Upper Brittany)


Rhenish fan

Calque of German Rheinischer Fächer. So called because all or most of the isoglosses collapse in Hesse and fan out to the west.

(linguistics) A set of isoglosses in West Central German showing how the effect of the High German consonant shift gradually decreases towards the north-west (i.e. towards Low Franconian and Low Saxon)


Bungku

An Austronesian language related to these people.


даргинский

ru-noun+

дарги́нский • (dargínskij) m inan (genitive дарги́нского, uncountable)

дарги́нский (canonical)
dargínskij (romanization)
дарги́нского (genitive)
дарги́нский (nominative singular)
дарги́нского (genitive singular)
дарги́нскому (dative singular)
дарги́нский (accusative singular)
дарги́нским (instrumental singular)
дарги́нском (prepositional singular)

Borrowed from Kumyk дарги (dargi, “Dargwa”) + -и́нский (-ínskij), ultimately from Dargwa дарган, дарккван (dargan, darkkvan, the Dargwa autonym). Probably cognate with Dargwa дарг (darg, “inner”).

der

дарган, дарккван

ru:даргинские языки
ru:даргинский литературный язык


Pima Bajo

A Mexican indigenous language of the Piman branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family.


Pidgin Signed English

American Sign Language
American Sign Language

A sign language based on American Sign Language (ASL) and English.


Kipsigis

Their tonal language, part of the Kenyan Kalenjin dialect cluster.


Puelchean

Synonym of Puelche (“extinct language of Argentina”)


Kangeanese

Synonym of Kangean (“a language of Indonesia”)


Panggasinense

tl-noun

Panggasinense (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜄᜐᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ)

ᜉᜅ᜔ᜄᜐᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

[pɐŋ.ɡɐ.sɪˈn̪ɛn̪.sɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish Pangasinense, from Pangasinan + -ense.


Sebwano

Sebwano (feminine Sebwana, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜏᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish cebuano, from Cebú (“Cebu”) + -ano.


Sebwano

pertaining to being a speaker of the Cebuano language


kariela

head

kariela (genitive karielan, partitive karielua)

karielan (genitive)
karielua (partitive)
kariela (nominative singular)
karielat (nominative plural)
karielan (genitive singular)
karieloin (genitive plural)
karielua (partitive singular)
karieloida (partitive plural)
karielah (illative singular)
karieloih (illative plural)
karielašša (inessive singular)
karieloissa (inessive plural)
karielašta (elative singular)
karieloista (elative plural)
karielalla (adessive singular)
karieloilla (adessive plural)
karielalda (ablative singular)
karieloilda (ablative plural)
karielakši (singular translative)
karieloiksi (plural translative)
karielana (essive singular)
karieloina (essive plural)
karielanke (comitative singular)
karieloinke (comitative plural)
karielatta (abessive singular)
karieloitta (abessive plural)
karielani (first-person possessive)
karielaš (possessive second-person)
karielah (possessive third-person)

krl-decl-table

type 4/<i class="Latn mention" lang="krl">kala</i> no gradation

From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish karjala and Ingrian karjala.


ідо

uk-noun

і́до • (ído) f inan or n inan (indeclinable)

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-ідо.wav


Cotoname

An extinct Pakawan language spoken by Native Americans indigenous to the lower Rio Grande Valley of northeastern Mexico and extreme southern Texas.


Yucuna

An Arawakan language spoken in several communities along the Mirití-Paraná River in Colombia.


Runyakitara

Borrowed from Nyankole, Rukiga, Nyoro, and Tooro Orunyakitara, from oru- (class 11 prefix for languages) + -nya- (“belonging to”) + Kitara.

af

(linguistics) A standardized language comprised of Nyoro (Runyoro), Kiga (also Chiga or Rukiga), Nkore (Runyankole), and Tooro (Rutooro), mostly spoken in Uganda.


kaansa

kaansa (nominative singular)
kaansa (accusative nominative singular)
kaansan (accusative genitive singular)
kaansan (genitive singular)
kaansaa (partitive singular)
kaansassa (inessive singular)
kaansasta (elative singular)
kaansaan (illative singular)
kaansalla (adessive singular)
kaansalta (ablative singular)
kaansalle (allative singular)
kaansana (essive singular)
kaansaksi (singular translative)
kaansatta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kaansani (nominative singular)
kaansani (accusative nominative singular)
kaansani (accusative genitive singular)
kaansani (genitive singular)
kaansaani (partitive singular)
kaansassani (inessive singular)
kaansastani (elative singular)
kaansaani (illative singular)
kaansallani (adessive singular)
kaansaltani (ablative singular)
kaansalleni (allative singular)
kaansanani (essive singular)
kaansakseni (singular translative)
kaansattani (abessive singular)
kaansasi (nominative singular)
kaansasi (accusative nominative singular)
kaansasi (accusative genitive singular)
kaansasi (genitive singular)
kaansaasi (partitive singular)
kaansassasi (inessive singular)
kaansastasi (elative singular)
kaansaasi (illative singular)
kaansallasi (adessive singular)
kaansaltasi (ablative singular)
kaansallesi (allative singular)
kaansanasi (essive singular)
kaansaksesi (singular translative)
kaansattasi (abessive singular)
kaansamme (nominative singular)
kaansamme (accusative nominative singular)
kaansamme (accusative genitive singular)
kaansamme (genitive singular)
kaansaamme (partitive singular)
kaansassamme (inessive singular)
kaansastamme (elative singular)
kaansaamme (illative singular)
kaansallamme (adessive singular)
kaansaltamme (ablative singular)
kaansallemme (allative singular)
kaansanamme (essive singular)
kaansaksemme (singular translative)
kaansattamme (abessive singular)
kaansanne (nominative singular)
kaansanne (accusative nominative singular)
kaansanne (accusative genitive singular)
kaansanne (genitive singular)
kaansaanne (partitive singular)
kaansassanne (inessive singular)
kaansastanne (elative singular)
kaansaanne (illative singular)
kaansallanne (adessive singular)
kaansaltanne (ablative singular)
kaansallenne (allative singular)
kaansananne (essive singular)
kaansaksenne (singular translative)
kaansattanne (abessive singular)
kaansansa (nominative singular)
kaansansa (accusative nominative singular)
kaansansa (accusative genitive singular)
kaansansa (genitive singular)
kaansaansa (partitive singular)
kaansassaan (inessive singular)
kaansassansa (inessive singular)
kaansastaan (elative singular)
kaansastansa (elative singular)
kaansaansa (illative singular)
kaansallaan (adessive singular)
kaansallansa (adessive singular)
kaansaltaan (ablative singular)
kaansaltansa (ablative singular)
kaansalleen (allative singular)
kaansallensa (allative singular)
kaansanaan (essive singular)
kaansanansa (essive singular)
kaansakseen (singular translative)
kaansaksensa (singular translative)
kaansattaan (abessive singular)
kaansattansa (abessive singular)

[ˈkɑ̝ːns̠ɑ̝]

Kaansa (minority language spoken in Burkina Faso)


मलयाली

hi-proper noun

मलयाली • (malayālī) m (Urdu spelling ملیالم)

malayālī (romanization)
ملیالم (Urdu)
मलयाली (direct singular)
मलयाली (oblique singular)
मलयाली (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Malayalam മലയാളി (malayāḷi).

bor+

hi:मलयालम भाषा


강원 방언

Sino-Korean word from 강원(江原) (Gang'won, “Gangwon”) + 방언(方言) (bang'eon, “dialect”).

ko-etym-sino

Gangwon dialect (the regional vernacular spoken in Gangwon province)


Bangubangu

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

A language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


hainanès

ca-adj

hainanès (feminine hainanesa, masculine plural hainanesos, feminine plural hainaneses)

hainanesa (feminine)
hainanesos (masculine plural)
hainaneses (feminine plural)


hainanès

ca-noun

hainanès m (plural hainanesos, feminine hainanesa)

hainanesos (plural)
hainanesa (feminine)


sichuanès

ca-adj

sichuanès (feminine sichuanesa, masculine plural sichuanesos, feminine plural sichuaneses)

sichuanesa (feminine)
sichuanesos (masculine plural)
sichuaneses (feminine plural)


sichuanès

ca-noun

sichuanès m (plural sichuanesos, feminine sichuanesa)

sichuanesos (plural)
sichuanesa (feminine)


xangainès

ca-adj

xangainès (feminine xangainesa, masculine plural xangainesos, feminine plural xangaineses)

xangainesa (feminine)
xangainesos (masculine plural)
xangaineses (feminine plural)

[ʃəŋ.ɡəjˈnɛs]

[ʃəŋ.ɡəjˈnəs]


xangainès

ca-noun

xangainès m (plural xangainesos, feminine xangainesa)

xangainesos (plural)
xangainesa (feminine)

[ʃəŋ.ɡəjˈnɛs]

[ʃəŋ.ɡəjˈnəs]


xangainès

[ʃəŋ.ɡəjˈnɛs]

[ʃəŋ.ɡəjˈnəs]


Oweina

A Kainantu language of Papua New Guinea.


Lanuvian

(historical) A Latino-Faliscan language.


Lendu

A Central Sudanic language spoken by the Balendru people.


Maharashtri

A Prakrit language of ancient and medieval India, the ancestor of Marathi and Konkani.


ကရင်နီ

→ English: Karenni

ကရင် (ka.rang, “Karen”) + နီ (ni, “red”)

com

ကယား ကယား#Burmese

(historical) Obsolete form of ကယား (ka.ya:).


驃語

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


Catalan Sign Language

A certain Catalan-based sign language, used predominantly in Catalonia and Barcelona.


veniälä

head

veniälä (genitive veniälän, partitive veniäliä)

veniälän (genitive)
veniäliä (partitive)
veniälä (nominative singular)
veniälät (nominative plural)
veniälän (genitive singular)
veniälin (genitive plural)
veniäliä (partitive singular)
veniälie (partitive plural)
veniäläh (illative singular)
veniälih (illative plural)
veniäläššä (inessive singular)
veniälissä (inessive plural)
veniäläštä (elative singular)
veniälistä (elative plural)
veniälällä (adessive singular)
veniälillä (adessive plural)
veniäläldä (ablative singular)
veniälildä (ablative plural)
veniäläkši (singular translative)
veniäliksi (plural translative)
veniälänä (essive singular)
veniälinä (essive plural)
veniälänke (comitative singular)
veniälinke (comitative plural)
veniälättä (abessive singular)
veniälittä (abessive plural)
veniäläni (first-person possessive)
veniäläš (possessive second-person)
veniäläh (possessive third-person)

krl-decl-table

type 5/<i class="Latn mention" lang="krl">koira</i> no gradation

/ˈʋenʲiæ̯lʲæ/


šuomi

head

šuomi (genitive šuomen, partitive šuomie)

šuomen (genitive)
šuomie (partitive)
šuomi (nominative singular)
šuomet (nominative plural)
šuomen (genitive singular)
šuomien (genitive plural)
šuomie (partitive singular)
šuomija (partitive plural)
šuomih (illative singular)
šuomiloih (illative plural)
šuomešša (inessive singular)
šuomiloissa (inessive plural)
šuomešta (elative singular)
šuomiloista (elative plural)
šuomella (adessive singular)
šuomiloilla (adessive plural)
šuomelta (ablative singular)
šuomiloilta (ablative plural)
šuomekši (singular translative)
šuomiloiksi (plural translative)
šuomina (essive singular)
šuomiloina (essive plural)
šuomiloineh (comitative plural)
šuometta (abessive singular)
šuomiloitta (abessive plural)
šuomi (nominative singular)
šuomet (nominative plural)
šuomen (genitive singular)
šuomiloin (genitive plural)
šuomie (partitive singular)
šuomiloida (partitive plural)
šuomih (illative singular)
šuomiloih (illative plural)
šuomešša (inessive singular)
šuomiloissa (inessive plural)
šuomešta (elative singular)
šuomiloista (elative plural)
šuomella (adessive singular)
šuomiloilla (adessive plural)
šuomelda (ablative singular)
šuomiloilda (ablative plural)
šuomekši (singular translative)
šuomiloiksi (plural translative)
šuomina (essive singular)
šuomiloina (essive plural)
šuomenke (comitative singular)
šuomiloinke (comitative plural)
šuometta (abessive singular)
šuomiloitta (abessive plural)
šuomeni (first-person possessive)
šuomeš (possessive second-person)
šuomeh (possessive third-person)

krl-decl-table

type 3/<i class="Latn mention" lang="krl">ovi</i>, no gradation

From Proto-Finnic *soomi. Cognates include Finnish suomi and Estonian soome.
The term probably disappeared in Tver Karelian at some point, being replaced by ruočči, but was reintroduced somewhere in the twentieth century.


ចាម

caam (romanization)
ភាពចាម (abstract-noun)

ភាសាចាម ― phiəsaa caam ― Cham language

Cham (pertaining to the Cham people or their culture)


ஆரியம்

ta-proper noun

ஆரியம் • (āriyam)

āriyam (romanization)
ஆரியம் (nominative singular)
ஆரியமே (singular vocative)
ஆரியத்தை (accusative singular)
ஆரியத்துக்கு (dative singular)
ஆரியத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
ஆரியத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
ஆரியத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
ஆரியத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
ஆரியத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
ஆரியத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
ஆரியத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
ஆரியத்தால் (instrumental singular)
ஆரியத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)

ஆரியம் முதலிய பதினெண் பாடையின்
āriyam mutaliya patiṉeṇ pāṭaiyiṉ(கம்பரா. பம்பா. 14)

Sanskrit (as the language of the Aryans)


Marrucinian

From Marrucini + -an, from a passage of a Marrucinian book (Aes Rapinum) which states "touta marouca" as a city or village.

The ancient language of the Marrucini, known from a few inscriptions, and thought to be a member of the Sabellian group, probably closely related to Paelignian.


franc-comtès

Frainc-Comtou, a langue d'oïl variety spoken in France and Switzerland


Tamanaku

An extinct Cariban language of Venezuela.


Kuhane

A Bantu language spoken along the Zambezi River in Namibia, Zambia, and Botswana.


Northern Khmer

A dialect of Khmer, which uses a different writing system than Central Khmer.


łatgalski

łatgalski (nominative singular)
łatgalskiego (genitive singular)
łatgalskiemu (dative singular)
łatgalski (accusative singular)
łatgalskim (instrumental singular)
łatgalskim (locative singular)
łatgalski (singular vocative)

Latgalian (Eastern Baltic language spoken in Latgale)


Abinomn

/ˈæbɪˈnɑmn̩/

A possible language isolate of Indonesia, with around 300 speakers in 2002.