Vietnam War

The country’s first black president, and its first president to reach adulthood after the Vietnam War and Watergate, Mr. Obama seemed like a digital-age leader who could at last dislodge the stalemate between those who clung to the government of the Great Society, on the one hand, and those who disdained the very idea of government, on the other.

2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(historical) The war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia between 1955 and 1975 between South Vietnam (backed by the United States and SEATO) and North Vietnam aiding the South Vietnamese communist guerrilla army known as the Vietcong (supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union) for the struggle for total Communist control of Vietnam as one state.


doi moi

Unadapted borrowing from Vietnamese đổi mới (“reform”).

ubor

A program of political and economic reforms initiated in Vietnam from 1986.


年號

/ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/nˡieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɔ²⁴²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho⁴¹/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ho³³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho¹¹/

/ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/nˡieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɔ²⁴²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho⁴¹/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ho³³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho¹¹/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ³³/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ³³/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

era name (subdivision in the reign of an emperor); regnal period; regnal year


nhà Trần

An Dương Vương
Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Early Lê dynasty
Early Lý dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Hồ dynasty
Hồng Bàng dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Later Trần dynasty
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Lê dynasty
Lý dynasty
Ming dynasty
Mạc dynasty
Nguyễn dynasty
Ngô dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Revival Lê dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Triệu dynasty
Trần dynasty
Tây Sơn dynasty
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty
Đinh dynasty

[ɲaː˨˩ t͡ɕən˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʈəŋ˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʈəŋ˨˩]

(historical) Chen dynasty (557-589), one of the southern dynasties of China


nhà Lê

head

nhà Lê • (家黎)

An Dương Vương
Early Lê dynasty
Early Lý dynasty
Hồ dynasty
Hồng Bàng dynasty
Later Trần dynasty
Lê dynasty
Lý dynasty
Mạc dynasty
Nguyễn dynasty
Ngô dynasty
Revival Lê dynasty
Triệu dynasty
Trần dynasty
Tây Sơn dynasty
Đinh dynasty

[ɲaː˨˩ le˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ lej˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ lej˧˧]

Short for nhà Hậu Lê (“Later Lê dynasty”).

the Early period of the Later Lê dynasty (1428–1527)

the Restored Lê period of the Later Lê dynasty (1533–1789)

(rare) Short for nhà Tiền Lê (“Early Lê dynasty”) (980–1009).


Lê triều

[le˧˧ t͡ɕiəw˨˩]

(historical, dated) the Later Lê dynasty

the Early period of the Later Lê dynasty (1428–1527)

the Restored Lê period of the Later Lê dynasty (1533–1789)

(historical, dated, rare) the Early Lê dynasty (980–1009).


era name

Cities were not infrequently named after the era name in which they were founded (e.g., Shaoxing 紹興 in Zhejiang, after the Shaoxing era, 1131-62).

2000, Endymion Wilkinson, “Geography”, in Chinese History: A New Manual, Rev. & enl. edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 135:

The regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Sinospheric rulers.


Hồng Bàng

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

(historical) a legendary lineage of supposedly ancient Vietnamese kings

(historical) the Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879–258 BCE)

Hồng Bàng (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


nhà Nguyễn

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋwiən˦ˀ˥]

[ɲaː˦˩ ŋwiəŋ˧˨]

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋwiəŋ˨˩˦]

(historical) the Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945 C.E.)


Nguyễn triều

[ŋwiən˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕiəw˨˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˨ ʈiw˦˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˨˩˦ ʈiw˨˩]


nhà Thục

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

(historical) the Thục dynasty (257–207 BCE)


nhà Triệu

[ɲaː˨˩ t͡ɕiəw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʈiw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʈiw˨˩˨]

(historical) the Triệu dynasty (204–111 BCE)


nhà Tiền Lí

[ɲaː˨˩ tiən˨˩ li˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ tiəŋ˦˩ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaː˨˩ tiəŋ˨˩ lɪj˦˥]

(historical) the Early Lí dynasty (544–602 C.E.)


Tiền Lí

[tiəŋ˦˩ lɪj˨˩˦]

[tiəŋ˨˩ lɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前李, composed of 前 and 李.


nhà Ngô

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋo˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ ŋow˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋow˧˧]

(historical) the Ngô dynasty (939–965 C.E.)


nhà Đinh

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɗɨn˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɗɨn˧˧]

(historical) the Đinh dynasty (968–980 C.E.)


nhà Tiền Lê

[ɲaː˨˩ tiən˨˩ le˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ tiəŋ˦˩ lej˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ tiəŋ˨˩ lej˧˧]

(historical) the Early Lê dynasty (980–1009 C.E.)


Tiền Lê

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前黎, composed of 前 and 黎.


nhà Lí

head

nhà Lí • (茹李)

[ɲaː˨˩ li˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaː˨˩ lɪj˦˥]

(historical) the Lý dynasty (1009–1225 C.E.)


nhà Hồ

nhà Hồ • (茹胡)

[ɲaː˨˩ ho˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ how˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ how˨˩]

(historical) the Hồ dynasty (1400–1407 C.E.)


nhà Hậu Trần

[ɲaː˨˩ həw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕən˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ həw˨˩ʔ ʈəŋ˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ həw˨˩˨ ʈəŋ˨˩]

nhà (“dynasty”) + Hậu Trần (“Later Trần”).

com

(historical) the Later Trần dynasty (1407–1413 C.E.)


Hậu Trần

[həw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕən˨˩]

[həw˨˩ʔ ʈəŋ˦˩]

[həw˨˩˨ ʈəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後陳, composed of 後 and 陳.


nhà Hậu Lê

head

nhà Hậu Lê • (茹後黎)

[ɲaː˨˩ həw˧˨ʔ le˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ həw˨˩ʔ lej˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ həw˨˩˨ lej˧˧]

(historical) the Later Lê dynasty (1428–1789 C.E.)


Hậu Lê

[həw˧˨ʔ le˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後黎, composed of 後 and 黎.


nhà Lê sơ

head

nhà Lê sơ • (茹黎初)

[ɲaː˨˩ le˧˧ səː˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ lej˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ lej˧˧ səː˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ lej˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ lej˧˧ səː˧˧]

nhà (“dynasty”) + Lê sơ (“Primitive Lê”).

com

(historical) the Primitive Lê dynasty (1428–1527 C.E.)


Lê sơ

[le˧˧ səː˧˧]

[lej˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[lej˧˧ səː˧˧]

[lej˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[lej˧˧ səː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黎初, composed of 黎 and 初.


nhà Lê trung hưng

[ɲaː˨˩ le˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ lej˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ lej˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

nhà (“dynasty”) + Lê trung hưng (“Revival Lê”).

com

(historical) the Revival Lê dynasty (1533–1789 C.E.)


Lê trung hưng

[le˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[lej˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[lej˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黎中興, composed of 黎 and 中興.


nhà Mạc

[ɲaː˨˩ maːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˦˩ maːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩ maːk̚˨˩˨]

(historical) the Mạc dynasty (1527–1677 C.E.)


nhà Tây Sơn

[ɲaː˨˩ təj˧˧ səːn˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ təj˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ təj˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ təj˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ təj˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

(historical) the Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802 C.E.)


Bắc triều

An Dương Vương
Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Early Lê dynasty
Early Lý dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Hồ dynasty
Hồng Bàng dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Later Trần dynasty
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Lê dynasty
Lý dynasty
Ming dynasty
Mạc dynasty
Nguyễn dynasty
Ngô dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Revival Lê dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Triệu dynasty
Trần dynasty
Tây Sơn dynasty
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty
vi:Bắc triều (Nhật Bản)
vi:Nam–Bắc triều (Trung Quốc)
vi:Nhà Mạc
Đinh dynasty

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ t͡ɕiəw˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʈiw˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʈiw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北朝, composed of 北 and 朝.

(historical) the Northern dynasties (439–589 C.E. in Chinese history)

(historical) the Mạc dynasty (1527–1677 C.E. in Vietnamese history)


Nam triều

An Dương Vương
Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Early Lê dynasty
Early Lý dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Hồ dynasty
Hồng Bàng dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Later Trần dynasty
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Lê dynasty
Lý dynasty
Ming dynasty
Mạc dynasty
Nguyễn dynasty
Ngô dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Revival Lê dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Triệu dynasty
Trần dynasty
Tây Sơn dynasty
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty
vi:Nam–Bắc triều (Trung Quốc)
vi:Nhà Lê trung hưng
Đinh dynasty

[naːm˧˧ t͡ɕiəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南朝, composed of 南 and 朝.

(historical) the Southern dynasties (420–589 C.E. in Chinese history)

(historical) the Southern Court (1338–1392 C.E. in Japanese history)

(historical) the Revival Lê dynasty (1533–1789 C.E. in Vietnamese history)


Cách mạng Tháng Tám

[kajk̟̚˧˦ maːŋ˧˨ʔ tʰaːŋ˧˦ taːm˧˦]

[kat̚˦˧˥ maːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰaːŋ˦˧˥ taːm˦˧˥]

[kat̚˦˥ maːŋ˨˩˨ tʰaːŋ˦˥ taːm˦˥]

cách mạng (“revolution”) + tháng tám (“August”).

com

Cách mạng tháng Tám thành công, ngày 2 tháng 9 năm 1945, Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh đọc Tuyên ngôn độc lập, khai sinh ra nước Việt Nam dân chủ cộng hòa, nay là Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam.

2013 December 11, “Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam [Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam]”, in Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ [Vietnam Government Portal], page 1:

In the wake of the triumph of the August Revolution, on 2 September 1945, President Ho Chi Minh announced the Declaration of Independence, declaring the birth of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam which is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

(historical) the August Revolution (16 August – 30 August 1945)


chiến tranh Việt Nam

[t͡ɕiən˧˦ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ viət̚˧˨ʔ naːm˧˧]

[t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈɛɲ˧˧ viək̚˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧]

[ciəŋ˦˥ ʈan˧˧ viək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧]

[ciəŋ˦˥ ʈan˧˧ jiək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧]

Compound of chiến tranh (“war”) + Việt Nam (“Vietnam”).


chiến tranh chống Mĩ

[t͡ɕiən˧˦ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ mi˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈɛɲ˧˧ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ mɪj˧˨]

[ciəŋ˦˥ ʈan˧˧ cəwŋ͡m˦˥ mɪj˨˩˦]

Compound of chiến tranh (“war”) + chống (“to resist; to oppose”) + Mĩ (“United States; America”).