joint

The noun is from Middle English joynt (attested since the late 13th century), from Old French joint (“joint of the body”) (attested since the 12th century). The adjective (attested since the 15th century) is from Old French jointiz. Both Old French words are from Latin iūnctus, the past participle of iungō. See also join, jugular.
The meaning of "building, establishment", especially in connection with shady activities, appeared in Anglo-Irish by 1821 and entered general American English slang by 1877, especially in the sense of "opium den". The sense "marijuana cigarette" is attested since 1935. The development to meaning "any thing" also happened to the Scots and Memphian form junt and the Mid-Atlantic/Philadelphian form jawn.

verbinding

point of a rigid joint, means of joining in carpentry

I'm just trying to stay out of the joint.

en:place of business or human activity
en:prison, jail, or lockup

(chiefly US slang, may be somewhat derogatory) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).

(slang, with the definite article) Prison, jail, or lockup.


shield

From Middle English scheld, shelde, from Old English scield (“shield”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeldu, from Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“cut, split”). Cognate with West Frisian skyld, Dutch schild (“shield”), German Schild (“shield”), Danish skjold (“shield”), Icelandic skjöldur (“shield”) and Faroese skjøldur (“shield”).
Compare Latin scūtum (“shield”), Irish sciath (“shield”), Latgalian škīda (“shield”), Lithuanian skydas (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”), *skey- (“to cut, split”).

noncog

The chief put something in his hand and Bosch looked down to see the gold detective's shield.

2005, Michael Connelly, The closers: a novel:

A shape like that of a shield; usually, an inverted triangle with sides that curve inward to form a pointed bottom, commonly used for police identifications and company logos.

(colloquial, law enforcement) A police badge.


collusion

en-noun

collusion (countable and uncountable, plural collusions)

Dated from the 14th century C.E. as Middle English collusioun, collusion; from Old French collusion, from Latin collusio (“act of colluding”).

Such tunges unhappy hath made great diviſion
In realmes, in cities, by ſuche fals abuſion;
Of fals fickil tunges ſuche cloked colluſion

c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.

Hath brought nobil princes to extreme confuſion.

The dispatches […] also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies. Having lectured the Arab world about democracy for years, its collusion in suppressing freedom was undeniable as protesters were met by weaponry and tear gas made in the west, employed by a military trained by westerners.

2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:

So why is Japan going ahead with the Olympics, against the public’s objections, while the pandemic is still a major public health concern? The answer is familiar: collusion among the elites.

2021 March 25, Koichi Nakano, “The Olympics Are On! But Why?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Once derided as a nationalist conspiracy theory, collusion is by now an undeniable fact. The scale, however, remains unknown.

2023 August 30, Megan K. Stack, Rob Stothard, “He Was Shot 14 Times at the Dinner Table. His Children Want to Know if Britain Ordered the Hit.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A private agreement for a fraudulent or illegal purpose; conspiracy.


twoccer

The police caught the twoccer breaking into the car.

Not all modes of reading (and not all readers) can be described in its terms, but just as those who joyride in twocced cars often know and care more about their chosen vehicles than do the owners, so it is the more astute and committed fans of reading who are most likely to be twoccers.

1994 Winter, John Hartley, “Twoccing and joyreading”, in Terence Hawkes, editor, Textual Practice, volume 8, number 3, page 2:

Joyriding was prominent in the media in the 1980s. Twoccers joined muggers in the panoply of folk devils. Newspapers vied with each other to report the youngest, the most daring and despicable, and the most prolific young offenders.

2024, Barry Godfrey, Alexandra Godfrey, “Hoodies”, in The Criminal Classes: Who Does Society Fear and Why?, Pen and Sword, →ISBN, page 165:

(British) A person who engages in twoccing; a car thief.


rozzer

Late 19th century UK. Etymology unknown. Possibly a play on the given name of Sir Robert Peel, founder of the Metropolitan Police Service. Compare peeler, bobby.

unk

Etymology unknown

"Another wrong un," says the carman. "Hi, Mr. Graham!"—and up walks a rozzer and buckles me tight.

If the rozzers was to see him in bona clobber they'd take him for a gun.

1893, P. H. Emerson, Signor Lippo, Burnt-Cork Artiste:

‘I was never frightened of any job yet,’ he said, ‘and I'd do this job to-night if the house was full of rozzers,’ Hill pretended that he wasn't particular whether the thing came off or not that night, but all the while he kept egging Fred on to do it.

1916, Arthur J. Rees, John R. Watson, The Hampstead Mystery:

Jed Mercurio’s corrupt cop hit remains one of the best shows on TV, but surely every rozzer in the Midlands knows who Kate Fleming is by now?

2017 March 25, Errigo Angie, “Dodgy detectives, Twitter trolls and whistleblowers: Line of Duty is back”, in The Guardian, TV & Radio blog:

(UK, Ireland, slang, dated) A police officer.


TWOC

en-noun

TWOC (countable and uncountable, plural TWOCs)

From section 12 of the United Kingdom's Theft Act 1968, which states 'a person shall be guilty of an offence if, without having the consent of the owner or other lawful authority, he takes any conveyance for his own or another’s use or, knowing that any conveyance has been taken without such authority, drives it or allows himself to be carried in or on it'.

[…] women making arrests for aggravated burglary represent 22 per cent of the total and for aggravated TWOCs, 23 per cent […]

2002, Louise Westmarland, Gender and Policing, Routledge, →ISBN:

[…] the reported victimisation rate for TWOC and attempted TWOC (six out of 28 available vehicles victimised, and […])

2010, Anthony Bottoms, Julian Roberts, Hearing the Victim: Adversarial Justice, Crime Victims and the State, Routledge, →ISBN, page 121:

(British, law enforcement) The crime of taking a car without the consent of the owner.

未獲授權而取用運輸工具

the crime of taking without the consent of the owner

未获授权而取用运输工具

mei6 wok6 sau6 kyun4 ji4 ceoi2 jung6 wan6 syu1 gung1 geoi6


prior

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin prior (“earlier, former, previous, prior; in front; (figurative) better, superior”), from Proto-Italic *priōs (“earlier, previous”, literally “more before”), ultimately from *pri (“before”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“leading to, toward”) and its etymon *per- (“before, in front; first”)) + *-jōs (suffix forming comparative adjectives). Doublet of before, fore, and former.
The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.

der

априорное распределение вероятностей

And a little later we get the routine report on his prints from Washington, and he's got a prior back in Indiana, attempted hold-up six years ago.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, published 1966, →OCLC, page 47:

(Canada, US, law enforcement, chiefly in the plural) A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's criminal record.

досие

previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record


wild

en-verb

wild (third-person singular simple present wilds, present participle wilding, simple past and past participle wilded)

wilds (present singular third-person)
wilding (participle present)
wilded (participle past)
wilded (past)

From Middle English wild, wilde, from Old English wilde, from Proto-West Germanic *wilþī, from Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“hair, wool, grass, ear (of corn), forest”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian wyld, Dutch wild, German wild, Danish vild, Swedish vild, Norwegian vill, Icelandic villtur.

der

...Chief of Detectives Robert Colangelo, who said the attacks appeared unrelated to money, race, drugs, or alcohol, said that some of the 20 youths brought in for questioning has told investigators that the crime spree was the product of a pastime called "wilding".
"It's not a term that we in the police had heard before," the chief said, noting that the police were unaware of any similar incident in the park recently. "They just said, 'We were going wilding.' In my mind at this point, it implies that they were going to raise hell."...

1989 April 22, David E. Pitt, “Jogger's Attackers Terrorized at Least 9 in 2 Hours”, in New York Times, page 1:

Now is they wildin with us / And getting rowdy with us.

1999, Busta Rhymes (Trevor Taheim Smith, Jr.), Iz They Wildin Wit Us? (song)

(intransitive, slang) To commit random acts of assault, robbery, and rape in an urban setting, especially as a gang.


dibble

en-noun

dibble (countable and uncountable, plural dibbles)

Hanna-Barbera
New York Police Department
Top Cat

From the character of Officer Charlie Dibble, a New York Police Department officer, in the Hanna-Barbera cartoon series Top Cat (first broadcast in the US in 1961, and in the UK in 1962 under the title Boss Cat).

Remember this story about police hunting a metal detector enthusiast suspected of digging 20 holes in a school playing field in Cornwall? It’s taken a rather unusual twist. Pop superstar Robbie Williams appears to have ’fessed up to the crime. The former Take That star, who is a keen metal detecting enthusiast, retweeted the West Briton newspaper’s version of the story, telling ‘Dibble’ – a Mancunian slang term for the police which comes from the character Officer Dibble in the cartoon Top Cat – to ‘do one’, vowing the police will never catch him alive.

2016 May 12, “maxc73”, “Robbie Williams ‘confesses’ to digging holes in school’s playing field”, in The Herald, Plymouth, Devon, archived from the original on 2017-03-16:

(slang, British, originally Manchester, countable) A police officer, especially one serving with Greater Manchester Police.


capo

Borrowed from Italian capo (“head”). Related to cabo.


pilfer

en-verb

pilfer (third-person singular simple present pilfers, present participle pilfering, simple past and past participle pilfered)

pilfers (present singular third-person)
pilfering (participle present)
pilfered (participle past)
pilfered (past)

From earlier pilfre, from Middle English pilfre (“booty”), from Old French pelfre (“plunder, booty, spoils”), of unknown origin. Compare pelf.

der

(transitive, intransitive) To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to practise petty theft.


bolo

(US law enforcement) A request for law enforcement officers to be on the lookout for a suspect.


quod

en-noun

quod (countable and uncountable, plural quods)

Abbreviation of quadrangle; originally (17th century) referring to the quadrangles of Newgate Prison, London.

c. 1894, Acquaintance of Norman Lindsay, quoted in 2005, James Cockington, Banned: Tales From the Bizarre History of Australian Obscenity, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, paperback →ISBN, page 7,
I don′t suppose you'll get more than a couple of months′ quod for them.

(uncountable, Australia, slang) Confinement in a prison.


jigger

A slang term of unknown origin, originally meaning prison. Oxford English Dictionary suggests that its origin might be the same as Etymology 1, above.

According to a disciplinary notice, a correctional officer saw a "jigger string" coming from cell H-2 to Harper's cell. A jigger string is used to move objects between cells.

1990, “Supreme Court of Iowa”, in Court Listener, Harper v. State, 463 N.W.2d 418 (Iowa 1990):


mew

From Middle English mewe, mue, mwe, from Anglo-Norman mue, muwe, and Middle French mue (“shedding feathers; cage for moulting birds; prison”), from muer (“to moult”).

der

(obsolete) A prison, or other place of confinement.


punter

He had stolen 'trannies' (transistor radios) and hub caps from cars outside the main hotels in Glasgow, turning the collection into money through dealing with a 'punter' at Charing Cross.

2013, James Patrick, A Glasgow Gang Observed:

(Scotland) A person who trades with a gang but is not a gang member.


bribery

The making of illegal payment, or bribes, to persons in official positions as a means of influencing their decisions.

omkopery

making of illegal payment to persons in official positions as a means of influencing their decisions


swag

en-noun

swag (countable and uncountable, plural swags)

The swag, is a term used in speaking of any booty you have lately obtained, be it of what kind it may, except money; as where did you lumber the swag? that is, where did you deposit the stolen property? To carry the swag is to be the bearer of the stolen goods to a place of safety.

1819, James Hardy Vaux, Memoirs of James Hardy Vaux, volume 1, page 216:

“It′s all arranged about bringing off the swag, is it?” asked the Jew. Sikes nodded.

1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “Chapter 19”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:

‘I understand that the district was considered a sort of sanctuary,’ the Chief was saying. ‘[…] They tell me there was a recognized swag market down here.’

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

He was on his way to call on other dealers to check out their swag and to see if he could trade away some of his leftover odds and ends.

1971 November 22, Frank E. Emerson, “They Can Get It For You BETTER Than Wholesale”, in New York Magazine, page 38:

(uncountable, thieves' cant) Stolen goods; the booty of a burglar or thief; boodle.


tat

tȁt (canonical masculine)
та̏т (Cyrillic)
tȁt (nominative singular)
tàtovi (nominative plural)
tata (genitive singular)
tatova (genitive plural)
tatu (dative singular)
tatovima (dative plural)
tata (accusative singular)
tatove (accusative plural)
tate (singular vocative)
tatovi (plural vocative)
tatu (locative singular)
tatovima (locative plural)
tatom (instrumental singular)
tatovima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tatь (“thief”).


defamation

en-noun

defamation (countable and uncountable, plural defamations)

/ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/

From Old French diffamacion (French diffamation), from Latin diffāmātiō.

In a closed trial on December 24, 2004, the People’s Court of Jinshui District in the city of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, convicted Zhang Ruquan, along with his associate Zhang Zhengyao, in a public prosecution on charges of defamation that “seriously undermined social order or the state interest.” The two were sentenced to three years in prison for defaming former Chinese President Jiang Zemin.

2005, “Journalists Imprisoned in 2004”, in Bill Sweeney, editor, Attacks on the Press in 2004, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 251, column 2:

An hour later, when the Fox board approved the wire payment for $787.5 million — one of the largest known defamation settlements in history — Fox acknowledged what we needed it to acknowledge: spreading false claims comes with a huge price tag.

2023 April 21, John Poulos, “Dominion’s C.E.O.: Why We Settled the Lawsuit Against Fox News”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.

shpifje

act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication


forgery

forgery (countable and uncountable, plural forgeries)

/ˈfɔː.dʒəɹ.ɪ/

/ˈfɔːɹ.d͡ʒəɹ.ɪ/

Recorded since 1574; from the verb to forge, from Middle English forgen, via Anglo-Norman forger, from Old French forgier, from Latin fabricari (“to frame, construct, fabricate”), itself from fabrica (“workshop; construction”), from faber (“workman, smith”).

der

the forgery of a bond

Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off.

1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; especially the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another, the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud.

vervalsing

the act of forging, fabricating or producing falsely


caper

His caper had failed to find a comic resolution. Instead, there had been a genre switch, and the madcap adventure had turned serious. Or had this bleakness underlain the caper from the start?

2022, Jennifer Egan, “i, the Protagonist”, in The Candy House:

(figuratively) A crime, especially an elaborate heist, or a narrative about such a crime.


incarceration

en-noun

incarceration (countable and uncountable, plural incarcerations)

/ɪŋˌkɑː(ɹ)səˈɹeɪʃən/

A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but not great enough to cause strangulation.


jailer

Inherited from Middle English gayoler, gayler, jayler, from Old French jaiolier, gaiolier, from jaiole. By surface analysis, jail + -er.

Sometimes some of the ejected ministers preached to them privately, and now and then the jailer allowed Mr. H. to go out in the night to preach to them, and administer the Lord's Supper.

1775, Samuel Palmer, The Nonconformist's Memorial:

But the next morning came, and my coffee was brought by her mother; the next, and the next, by the under jailers; and Angiola continued grievously ill.

1883, Silvio Pellico, chapter 32, in My Ten Years' Imprisonment:

The jailer was also roused by the earthquake and came to the outer door; he was perhaps a soldier, or at least had something of Roman discipline, giving him presence of mind.

2001, Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, St. Paul: The Traveler and Roman Citizen, page 176:

One who enforces confinement in a jail or prison.


interpellation

fr-noun

interpellation f (plural interpellations)

(law enforcement) (an instance of) questioning


flake

From Middle English flake (“a flake of snow”), from Old English flacca and/or Old Norse flak (“loose or torn piece”) (compare Old Norse flakna (“to flake or chip”)), from Proto-Germanic *flaką (“something flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”). Cognate with Norwegian flak (“slice, sliver”, literally “piece torn off”), Swedish flak (“a thin slice”), Danish flage (“flake”), German Flocke (“flake”), Dutch vlak (“smooth surface, plain”) and vlok (“flake”), as well as with Latin plaga (“flat surface, district, region”) and Welsh llech (“slate, tablet”). Doublet of plage.

cog

When police decided to score gamblers, they would most often flake people with gambling slips, then demand $25 or $50 for not arresting them. Other times, they would simply threaten a flake and demand money.

1973, Knapp Commission, New York, The Knapp Commission Report on Police Corruption, page 83:

(US, law enforcement, slang) A corrupt arrest, e.g. to extort money for release or merely to fulfil a quota.


flake

en-verb

flake (third-person singular simple present flakes, present participle flaking, simple past and past participle flaked)

flakes (present singular third-person)
flaking (participle present)
flaked (participle past)
flaked (past)

(US, law enforcement, slang) To plant evidence to facilitate a corrupt arrest.


slayer

From Middle English slear, sleere, sleare, slaare, dissimilated from Old English slaga (“slayer”), equivalent to slay + -er.


drab

head

drab n (singular definite drabet, plural indefinite drab)

drabet (definite singular)
drab (indefinite plural)
drab (indefinite nominative singular)
drabet (definite nominative singular)
drab (indefinite nominative plural)
drabene (definite nominative plural)
drabs (genitive indefinite singular)
drabets (definite genitive singular)
drabs (genitive indefinite plural)
drabenes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse dráp (“killing”), from Old Norse drepa (“to hit; to kill”), from Proto-Germanic *drepaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dhrebh-. Compare Icelandic dráp, Swedish dråp.


raid

From Scots raid, from Northern Middle English rade, from Old English rād (“a riding, an expedition on horseback, road”), whence also the inherited English road (“way, street”). The earlier senses of “a riding, expedition, raid” fell into disuse in Early Modern English, but were revived in the northern form raid by Walter Scott in the early 19th century. The use for a swift police operation appears in the later 19th century and may perhaps have been influenced by French razzia (similar in both original meaning and sound).

der

a police raid of a narcotics factory

a raid of contractors on the public treasury

For Lothian and Borders Police, the early-morning raid had come at the end one of biggest investigations carried out by the force, which had originally presented a dossier of evidence on the murder of Jodi Jones to the Edinburgh procurator-fiscal, William Gallagher, on 25 November last year.

2004 April 15, “Morning swoop in hunt for Jodi's killer”, in The Scotsman:

(law enforcement) An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering.

غَارَة

attack for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering


riot

English: riot

Scots: royet, royt

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman riot, riote, of unknown origin.

Debauched living; dissipation or decadence:


commute

en-verb

commute (third-person singular simple present commutes, present participle commuting, simple past and past participle commuted)

commutes (present singular third-person)
commuting (participle present)
commuted (participle past)
commuted (past)

заменям

to put or substitute something else in place of

1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence should be commuted from burning to beheading.”, in Lady Trevelyan (Hannah More Macaulay), editor, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume V, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, →OCLC:

His prison sentence was commuted to probation.

To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen

(transitive, law, criminology) To reduce the sentence previously given for a criminal offense.


ladder

ladder (third-person singular simple present ladders, present participle laddering, simple past and past participle laddered)

ladders (present singular third-person)
laddering (participle present)
laddered (participle past)
laddered (past)

From Middle English ladder, laddre, from Old English hlǣder, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaidriju, from Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlóydʰrom, from *ḱley- (“to lean”).
Compare Scots ledder, North Frisian ladder, Saterland Frisian Laadere, West Frisian ljedder, Dutch ladder, leer, German Leiter); also Old Irish clithar (“hedge”), Umbrian 𐌊𐌋𐌄𐌈𐌓𐌀𐌌 (kleθram, “stretcher”)). See lean, which is related to lid.

offences to be taken into consideration
offence to be taken into consideration

(UK, law enforcement, of a police officer) To corruptly coerce a convicted offender to admit to offences to be taken into consideration which they do not actually believe they committed, as a way to artificially increase the rate of solved crimes.


gang

→ Cebuano: gang

→ Danish: gæng

→ Dutch: gang

→ Hindi: गैंग (gaiṅg)

→ Japanese: ギャング (gyangu)

→ Malay: geng

→ Norman: dgaîngue

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: gjeng

Norwegian Nynorsk: gjeng

→ Portuguese: gangue

→ Spanish: gang

→ Swedish: gäng

→ Finnish: jengi

→ Tagalog: gang

→ Thai: แก๊ง (gɛ́ng)

From Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-West Germanic *gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gong, Dutch gang, German Gang, Norwegian gang, Swedish gång, Icelandic gangur, Vedic Sanskrit जंहस् (jáṃhas).


gang

Borrowed from English gang, from Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”).


gang

gang (nominative singular)
gangi (nominative plural)
gangu (genitive singular)
gangów (genitive plural)
gangowi (dative singular)
gangom (dative plural)
gang (accusative singular)
gangi (accusative plural)
gangiem (instrumental singular)
gangami (instrumental plural)
gangu (locative singular)
gangach (locative plural)
gangu (singular vocative)
gangi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English gang, from Middle English gang, from Old English gang, from Proto-West Germanic *gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ-. Doublet of ganek.

gang (criminal group with a common background)


banger

→ Estonian: bänger

→ Finnish: bängeri

From bang + -er. The sausages were so called because of their excess water content and impervious skin, leading to the risk of explosion if not punctured before cooking.

Just as the gang peace movement desired to mainstream hardcore bangers into civic society, The Chronic wanted to drive hardcore rap into the popstream.

2011, Jeff Change, Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation, page 420:

(US, crime, slang) Clipping of gangbanger; a member of a gang.


git

git (nominative singular)
gici (nominative plural)
gity (derogatory nominative plural)
gita (genitive singular)
gitów (genitive plural)
gitowi (dative singular)
gitom (dative plural)
gita (accusative singular)
gitów (accusative plural)
gitem (instrumental singular)
gitami (instrumental plural)
gicie (locative singular)
gitach (locative plural)
gicie (singular vocative)
gici (plural vocative)

(prison slang) member of a prison subculture that occupies the highest position in the internal hierarchy


corruption

en-noun

corruption (countable and uncountable, plural corruptions)

Borrowed from French corruption, from Latin corruptiō, equivalent to corrupt + -ion.

It was necessary, by exposing the gross corruptions of monasteries, […] to exite popular indignation against them.

1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England from the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

They abstained from some of the worst methods of corruption usual to their party in its earlier days.

1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:

But electric vehicles and the batteries that made them run became ensnared in corporate scandals, fraud, and monopolistic corruption that shook the confidence of the nation and inspired automotive upstarts.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion:

WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them. The dispatches revealed details of corruption and kleptocracy that many Tunisians suspected, but could not prove, and would cite as they took to the streets.

2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue, or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or debased; loss of purity or integrity.

depravity

act of impairing integrity, virtue or moral principle


corruption

Inherited from Old French corruption, borrowed from Latin corruptiōnem.


ASBO

(British, law enforcement) Anti-Social Behaviour Order


ASBO

en-verb

ASBO (third-person singular simple present ASBOs, present participle ASBOing, simple past and past participle ASBOed)

ASBOs (present singular third-person)
ASBOing (participle present)
ASBOed (participle past)
ASBOed (past)

Yes he will probably end up in the criminal justice system in a few years time - but if we ASBO him now he's going to end up there an awful lot quicker because he will breach it.

2005, Andrew Millie, Anti-Social Behaviour Strategies: Finding a Balance, page 31:

"Shut up, both of you. I've got the police here. You'll get asboed," Sally shouted

2008, Harry James, Consequences?, page 65:

The redemptive storyline reminded me of the importance, in my own practice, of continuing to learn from the understanding of others' experiences and interactions in negotiating the new penal landscape of "ASBOing", portrayed so well in Rhodes' novel.

2008, Peter Squires, ASBO Nation: The Criminalisation of Nuisance, page 151:

(British, law enforcement, transitive) To issue an Anti-Social Behaviour Order to.


defalcation

en-noun

defalcation (countable and uncountable, plural defalcations)

[ˌdɛfəɫˈkeɪʃən]

Late 15th century, from Medieval Latin dēfalcātiōnem, accusative singular of dēfalcātiō (literally “cutting off, lopping off with a sickle”), nominalization of dēfalcō, from Latin dē (“off”) + falx (“sickle, scythe, pruning hook”), from which also English falcate (“sickle-shaped”).
By surface analysis, defalcate + -ion (“the act of”).

surf

Granting that Mr. Ireland had gone into his office at ten minutes to ten o'clock at night for the purpose of extracting £5000 worth of notes and gold from the bank safe, whilst giving the theft the appearance of a night burglary; […] why should he, at nine o'clock the following morning, fall in a dead faint and get cerebral congestion at sight of a defalcation he knew had occurred?

1909, Emma Orczy, chapter XIX, in The Old Man in the Corner:

“Why should Eldridge commit murder?[…]There was only one possible motive—namely, he wished to avoid detection as James Selby of Anaconda Ltd. He had settled down in Estrepps. There were several persons in the town who had suffered from his defalcations.[…]”

1931, Francis Beeding, “10/6”, in Death Walks in Eastrepps:


MGM

(film) Initialism of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, a US movie studio.

(rail transport) The station code for the Metheringham railway station in England.


MGM

en-noun

MGM (countable and uncountable, plural MGMs)

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother#English

Coordinate term: FGM

They brandished statistics of deaths from adult circumcision each year. They called it MGM, an acronym quickly acquiring the notoriety of FGM.

2019, Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi, “Love Made in Manchester”, in Manchester Happened, Oneworld Publications (2020), page 286:

male genital mutilation
male genital mutilation#English


ripper

(computing) Software that extracts content from files or storage media.


outlaw

en-verb

outlaw (third-person singular simple present outlaws, present participle outlawing, simple past and past participle outlawed)

outlaws (present singular third-person)
outlawing (participle present)
outlawed (participle past)
outlawed (past)

From Middle English outlawe, outlagh, utlaȝe, from Old English ūtlaga (“outlaw”), borrowed from Old Norse útlagi (“outlaw, fugitive”), equivalent to out- + law. Cognate with Icelandic útlagi (“outlaw”).


NYPD

An NYPD officer struck in the arm by a bullet allegedly fired by a teen gunman ignored his wound and gave chase to the 16-year-old suspect, cops said Tuesday.

2023 January 17, Harry Parker, Rocco Parascandola, Thomas Tracy, “Wounded NYPD cop gave chase to Bronx teen accused of shooting him”, in New York Daily News:

Police Department
police department#English

Initialism of New York Police Department.


policeman

→ French: policeman

→ Maori: pirihimana

→ Welsh: plismon

The policeman who arrests the "Red" does not understand the theories the "Red" is preaching; if he did, his own position as bodyguard of the monied class might seem less pleasant to him.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I:

Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Still agitated, she watched resentfully as two traffic policemen remounted their motorcycles.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 378:

(law enforcement) A male police officer, sometimes used for any police officer regardless of gender.


five-finger discount

en-noun

five-finger discount (plural five-finger discounts)

I was a burglary detective for three years before I joined the Speaker's Bureau, and you might say I managed to acquire a few things at a five-finger discount, if you catch my drift.

1986, James Ellroy, Killer on the Road, Avon Books, →ISBN, page 28:

- Hey, guys. Where'd you get all that great stuff?
- Five-finger discount, man.

1990, "The Telltale Head" (The Simpsons season 1 episode 8)

(slang, euphemistic) Theft or pilferage, typically of a small item; shoplifting.


LAPD

(telecommunications) Link Access Procedures, D channel; specified in ITU-T Q.920 and ITU-T Q.921. The second layer protocol on the ISDN protocol stack.


policewoman

(law enforcement) A female police officer.


fraud

en-verb

fraud (third-person singular simple present frauds, present participle frauding, simple past and past participle frauded)

frauds (present singular third-person)
frauding (participle present)
frauded (participle past)
frauded (past)

From Middle English fraude (recorded since 1345), from Old French fraude, a borrowing from Latin fraus (“deceit, injury, offence”).


RIP

[…] recommended as punishment a 55-day RIP (reduction in pay) but was overruled by higher authorities […]

1972, New York Magazine, volume 5, number 5, page 32:

He admitted to his indiscretion and accepted a five-day RIP (reduction in pay). What the hell is going on? I wondered. We let a captain with possible O.C. connections off the hook, but we bust a patrolman for having a drink!

1991, Vincent Murano, William Hoffer, Cop Hunter, page 73:

(US, law enforcement) Initialism of reduction in pay.


assassinate

From assassin + -ate (noun-forming suffix)

Yet again, many of them deſperat hairebraines, raſh, careleſſe, fit to be Aſſaſinates, as being voide of all Feare and Sorrow […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Symptomes of the minde”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 3, member 1, subsection 2, page 164:


graffito

[ɡɹəˈfiɾoʊ̯]

One officer got out to inspect the graffito.

1982 April 24, Bob Nelson, “NY Cops Harass Activist Writing Graffiti”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

(rare) A single instance of graffiti in the art/vandalism sense.


constable

From Middle English constable, cunstable, constabil, connestable, cunestable, from Old French conestable, from Latin comes stabulī (“officer of the stables”). For the sense-development; compare marshal. Doublet of connétable.

der

(historical) An officer of a noble court in the Middle Ages, usually a senior army commander. (See also marshal).


police

en-noun

police pl (normally plural, singular police)

Southern US, African-American Vernacular

From Middle French police, from Latin polītīa (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Doublet of policy and polity.

The Cook County Sheriff's Department has jurisdiction across most of Chicago but focuses on the unincorporated area and tasks like prisoner transport, leaving the rest to the Chicago Police Department.

(law enforcement) A public agency charged with enforcing laws and maintaining public order, usually being granted special privileges to do so, particularly

(Canada, US and historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.

Scotland Yard is, technically speaking, only the metropolitan police for Greater London but because of their importance they have special jurisdiction for some crimes across the United Kingdom.

(UK) A branch of the Home Office responsible for general law enforcement within a specific territory.

(Australia, New Zealand) Any of the formally enacted law enforcement agencies at various levels of government.

There are nine Principles of Police:
...
7 To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and that the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen, in the interests of community welfare and existence.

1943, Charles Reith, British Police and the Democratic Ideal, pp. 3–4

‘Then the father has a great fight with his terrible conscience,’ said Munday with granite seriousness. ‘Should he make a row with the police […]? Or should he say nothing about it and condone brutality for fear of appearing in the newspapers?

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 18, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

In the criminal justice system, the People are represented by two separate yet equally important groups: the police, who investigate crime, and the district attorneys, who prosecute the offenders.

1990 Sept. 13, David Black & al., "Prescription for Death", Law & Order, 00:00:01

Citadel Security is a volunteer police service answering to the Citadel Council. The 200,000 constables of C-Sec are responsible for maintaining public order in the densely populated Citadel.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel Station: Citadel Security Services (C-Sec) Codex entry:

The rally on Sunday in Victoria Park, in the Causeway Bay district, was authorized in advance by the police. But protesters were also expected to begin marching later in the day from Sham Shui Po, a working-class neighborhood on the Kowloon peninsula, across the harbor from North Point. The police rejected their application for a permit.

2019 August 11, Mike Ives, “Hong Kong Protesters Gather Amid Fears of Mob Violence”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-08-11:

Call the police!

There’s only one police in this town.

2012 July 16, Jonathan, Christopher Nolan, The Dark Knight Rises, spoken by Peter Foley (Matthew Modine), Warner Bros. Pictures:


police

→ Amharic: ፖሊስ (polis)

→ Hunsrik: Puliss

→ Persian: پلیس (polis)

Borrowed from Late Latin polītīa (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).

bor+

(Quebec, colloquial) cop (police officer)


cana

Borrowed from Lunfardo [Term?], a slang term for police.

Que nos callásemos, que va a mandar a la policía.
-¡La policía no ! -dice Azucena- ¡ Rajemos chicas , que viene la cana ... !

1972, Osvaldo Guglielmino, Las leguas amargas:

(Argentina, Uruguay) police force, police department


plunder

en-verb

plunder (third-person singular simple present plunders, present participle plundering, simple past and past participle plundered)

plunders (present singular third-person)
plundering (participle present)
plundered (participle past)
plundered (past)

Recorded since 1632 during the Thirty Years War, native British use since the Cromwellian Civil War. Borrowed from German plündern (“to loot”), from Middle High German, from Middle Low German plunderen, of obscure ultimate origin.
Cognate with Dutch plunderen, West Frisian plonderje, Saterland Frisian plunnerje. Probably denominal from a word for “household goods, clothes, bedding”; compare Middle Dutch plunder, German Plunder (“stuff”), Dutch and West Frisian plunje (“clothes”).

The mercenaries plundered the small town.

The shopkeeper was plundered of his possessions by the burglar.

Now Azaēlos, the king of Syria, made war on the Israelites and their king Jehu, and ravaged the eastern parts of the country across the Jordan […] spreading fire everywhere and plundering everything and inflicting violence on all who fell into his hands.

1937, Josephus, Ralph Marcus, transl., chapter VIII, in Josephus: With an English Translation (Loeb Classical Library), volume VI (Jewish Antiquities), London: William Heinemann Ltd.; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, published 1958, →OCLC, book IX, paragraph 1, page 87:

(transitive) To pillage, take or destroy all the goods of, by force (as in war); to raid, sack.

سَلَبَ

to take all the goods of, by force (as in war) (transitive)


Pseudo-acronym of canine, by phonetic similarity of the letter and number names with the two syllables of canine.

Police working dogs (K9s) often have extremely close bonds with their handlers.

2003, Nicholas H. Dodman, If Only They Could Speak: Stories About Pets and Their People, page 248:

Originally a K9 dog for the police department, Captain was asked to resign for unknown reasons.

2003, Trevor J. Orsinger, The Firefighter's Best Friend: Lives and Legends of Chicago Firehouse Dogs, page 90:

Apollo, part of the New York Police Department K9 Search and Rescue team was on the scene of the disaster just 15 minutes after the disaster

2005, Priya Kapoor, Nandita Jaishankar, VIPs: Very Important Pets, page 71:

The Saitama Prefectural Police Department, for example, had no K9 units of its own, and relied on contract dogs exclusively.

2006, Asa Nonami, Juliet Winters Carpenter, The Hunter: A Detective Takako Otomichi Mystery, page 134:


hijack

Possibly from a blend of highway + jacker (“one who holds up”) (1915).

blend

An instance of hijacking; the illegal seizure of a vehicle; a hijacking.


rabbi

en-noun

rabbi (plural rabbis or (archaic) rabbies)

rabbis (plural)
rabbies (archaic plural)

From Middle English raby, from Ecclesiastical Latin rabbi, and its source Koine Greek ῥαββί (rhabbí), from (post-Tanakh) Hebrew רַבִּי (rabbi, “my master”), from רַב (rav, “master [of]”) + ־י (-i, “me”). Compare late Old English rabbi. Doublet of rebbe.

suffix

Hoskins? He doesn't have a better rabbi in the department than that?

2006 September 17, David Mills, “Soft Eyes”, in The Wire, season 4, episode 2, spoken by Clarence Royce (Glynn Turman):

If I'm ever gonna make Captain, I need a good mentor. I need my rabbi.

2013 September 17, Dan Goor, Michael Schur, “Pilot”, in Brooklyn Nine-Nine, season 1, episode 1, spoken by Amy Santiago (Melissa Fumero):

(law enforcement, slang) A senior officer who acts as a mentor.


inspector

→ Japanese: インスペクター (insupekutā)

Borrowed from Latin īnspector, from īnspiciō.

(law enforcement) A police officer ranking below superintendent.


blackmail

Anglo-Scottish border
Scottish Highlands
blackmail
border reivers

From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).
The word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to border reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”); the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi (“white rent”), denoting payment by silver.
McKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, "to protect" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Scottish Highlands as well as the Borders.
More likely, from black + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl, “meeting place”), from Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice.
Expanded c. 1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail (“rent paid in money”) (1590s); buttock-mail (“fine imposed for fornication”) (1530s, Scottish).

der

(archaic) A form of protection money (or corn, cattle, etc.) anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to the allies of robbers in order to be spared from pillage.


CCG

(Canada, nautical, law enforcement) Initialism of Canadian Coast Guard.


garda

head

garda m (genitive singular garda, nominative plural gardaí)

garda (genitive singular)
gardaí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
garda (indefinite singular)
gardaí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a gharda (indefinite singular)
a ghardaí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an garda (definite singular)
na gardaí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an gharda (definite singular)
na ngardaí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an ngarda (definite singular)
don gharda (definite singular)
leis na gardaí (definite plural)
garda
gharda
ngarda

→ English: garda

/ˈɡɑːɾˠd̪ˠə/

/ˈɡaːɾˠd̪ˠə/

From Old French guarde, from guarder (“to guard”), from Frankish *wardēn, from Proto-Germanic *wardāną.


slammer

Margaret was also, by her own admission, a determined slammer of doors.

1989, Jane Howard, Margaret Mead: A Life, page 27:

A man being sentenced for starving some horses chose 24 hours in the slammer with no food rather than seven days with the regular amenities.

1971 June 7, “Better Than Prison”, in Time:

(slang, usually "the slammer") Jail, prison.

The basic modern 'Pog' game is played thus. Each child tosses a pog into the arena, face-up or face-down, as agreed. Each player in turn takes his slammer and pitches it hard onto the accumulated pile of pogs.

1997, Iona Archibald Opie, Peter Opie, Children's Games with Things, page 120:

In the game of Pogs, the heavier piece used to strike the stack of counters.

I was in Britain, wanting to take a train to Portsmouth, and I only needed a one-way ticket. I did love the English trains; we still had slammers then. A slammer is a train where you got to slam the door shut yourself.

2009, Claude Lambert, On Pets and Men, page 33:


secret police

1979, Jello Biafra & John Greenway, "California Über Alles", Dead Kennedys, California Über Alles.
Now it is nineteen eighty-four / Knock-knock at your front door / It's the suede denim secret police / They have come for your uncool niece

Leading Jordanian exponents of the Salafi-jihadi world view, such as Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, are now behind bars or silent, fearing arrest by the powerful mukhabarat secret police.

2014 November 27, Ian Black, “Courts kept busy as Jordan works to crush support for Isis”, in The Guardian:

A police force operating in secrecy and outside the normal boundaries of law and hidden from the public, usually in support of a totalitarian government's political policies to suppress political dissent through the use of methods including intimidation, violence, and surveillance.

geheime polisie

police operating outside normal boundaries of law


deicide

en-noun

deicide (countable and uncountable, plural deicides)

(Christianity, theology) The crucifixion of Jesus, viewed as a crime.


MDC

Metropolitan Detention Center
w:Metropolitan Detention Center

(US, law enforcement) Initialism of Metropolitan Detention Center.


terminator

[ˈtɜː.mɪ.næɪ.ɾə]

* Partly from post-classical Latin terminator (5th century), from Latin terminō; partly from terminate + -or.
* (android that kills humans): After the 1984 film The Terminator.

Someone who terminates or ends something, especially (in later use) an assassin or exterminator.

(computing) A text character or string that serves to mark the end of a document or transmission.

(biochemistry) A DNA sequence that causes RNA transcription to cease and an mRNA transcript to break off.

(electronics) An electrical device that absorbs reflection at the end of a transmission line.

(science fiction) An intelligent android created to destroy humans.


perjury

perjury (countable and uncountable, plural perjuries)

/ˈpɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəɹi/

From Anglo-Norman perjurie, from Latin perjurare (“swear falsely”), from per- + jūrāre. Displaced native Old English mānāþ (literally “false oath”).

ncog

We declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.

(law) The deliberate giving of false or misleading testimony under oath.


tango

From translingual Tango (representing the letter T), from English tango (see above).

Tango down!

The two tangoes running toward the carnage at the prison door dropped simultaneously, dead in their tracks.

2005, Charles W. Sasser, Detachment Delta: Operation Aces Wild, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 370:

The sharp crack of breaking glass preceded Emily's calm voice. "One tango dead and Marcus is down, John."

2017, Beth Rhodes, Strike Zone, →ISBN, page 210:

(US, law enforcement, military slang) A target; an enemy.


assassination

The assassination of the king occurred at night.

Liu's agents pursued him and he escaped assassination only by throwing his clothing away by the Chʻien-tʻang River near Hangchow, thus suggesting suicide.

1963, “Introduction”, in Wing-tsit Chan, transl., Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-ming, Columbia University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xxiv:

The murder of a person, especially for political reasons or for personal gain.


fence

en-noun

fence (countable and uncountable, plural fences)

→ Pennsylvania German: Fens

From Middle English fence, fens, short for defence, defens (“the act of defending”), from Old French defens, defense (see defence).
The sense "enclosure" arises in the mid 15th century.
Also from the 15th century is use as a verb in the sense "to enclose with a fence". The generalized sense "to defend, screen, protect" arises ca. 1500. The sense "to fight with swords (rapiers)" is from the 1590s (Shakespeare).
Displaced native Old English heġe (compare Modern English hedge).

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence

The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.

1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:

The Finn was a fence, a trafficker in stolen goods, primarily in software. In the course of this business, he sometimes came into contact with other fences, some of whom dealt in the more traditional articles of the trade.

1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 73:

(informal) Someone who hides or buys and sells stolen goods, a criminal middleman for transactions of stolen goods.

perista

someone who hides or buys and sells stolen goods


gangbanger

(vulgar, sex) Someone who takes part in a gangbang.


nominal

→ Afrikaans: nominaal

From the Middle English nominalle (“of nouns”), borrowed from Latin nōminālis (“of names”), from nōmen (“name”).

a nominal difference

1856 February, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Oliver Goldsmith, republished in 1865, The Miscellaneous Writings of Lord Macaulay, Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts and Green, page 300,
At Edinburgh he passed eighteen months in nominal attendance on lectures, and picked up some superficial information about chemistry and natural history.

In contrast to the traditionally conservative or libertarian ethos of the entrepreneurial class, the oligarchy is increasingly allied with the nominally populist Democratic Party and its regulatory agenda.

2013 October 5, Joel Kotkin, “California’s New Feudalism Benefits a Few at the Expense of the Multitude”, in The Daily Beast:


nominal

Numeric codes of characters used in programming are nominals.

A number (usually natural) used like a name; a numeric code or identifier. (See nominal number on Wikipedia.)

(UK, police jargon) A person listed in the Police National Computer database as having been convicted, cautioned or recently arrested.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

The metal part on a curb bit that falls below the mouthpiece, which length controls the severity of the leverage action of the bit, and to which the reins of the bridle are attached.

The end or remainder, particularly of a period of time.

the shank of the morning

AMANDA: Going now? You're joking! Why, it's only the shank of the evening, Mr. O’Connor!

1945, Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie, page 92:

The main part or beginning of a period of time.


dungeon

From Middle English dongeoun (“keep of a castle; dungeon; abyss, cave, den; whirlpool”), from Anglo-Norman donjun (“keep of a castle; keep used as a prison; dungeon”) and continental Old French donjon (“keep of a castle”), from Vulgar Latin *dominiōnem, seemingly derived from Latin dominus (“master, lord”) perhaps via some figurative sense like “dominant building”. Doublet of donjon. The sense of “dungeon”, first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and apparently never in continental Old French, likely developed in combination with Old English dung (“underground prison cell”), whence Middle English donge (“pit, abyss” - senses that are also attested for Middle English dongeoun).
The game term has been popularized by Dungeons & Dragons.

der

“pit, abyss” - senses that are also attested for Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">dongeoun</i>

Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon.

1911, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Bunyan, John”, in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:

An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle.

(obsolete) The main tower of a motte or castle; a keep or donjon.

torre mestra

the main tower of a motte or castle; a keep or donjon

(roleplaying games) An area inhabited by enemies, containing story objectives, treasure, and bosses.

(BDSM) A room dedicated to sadomasochistic sexual activity.


prisoner

From Middle English prisoner, from Old French prisonier (compare Medieval Latin prisōnārius), equivalent to prison + -er.

The evidence disclosed that the three prisoners were in a public-house together with the prosecutor, Abraham Rhodes, and that in concert with the other two prisoners, the prisoner John Dewhirst placed a pencase on the table in the room where they were assembled, and left the room to get writing-paper.

1861, Edward William Cox, Reports of Cases in Criminal Law:

A person incarcerated in a prison, while on trial or serving a sentence.

And gainſt the General we will lift our ſwords / And either lanch his greedie thirſting throat, / Or take him priſoner, and his chaine ſhall ſerue / For Manackles, till he be ranſom’d home.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Captain Edward Carlisle, soldier as he was, martinet as he was, felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, her alluring smile ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

presu

figurative: any person held against his or her will

I am no longer a prisoner to fear, for I am a child of God.

A person who is or feels confined or trapped by a situation or a set of circumstances.


forge

en-verb

forge (third-person singular simple present forges, present participle forging, simple past and past participle forged)

forges (present singular third-person)
forging (participle present)
forged (participle past)
forged (past)

From Middle English forgen, from Anglo-Norman forger and Old French forgier, from Latin fabrico (“to frame, construct, build”).

der

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

He had to forge his ex-wife's signature.  The jury learned the documents had been forged.

To create a forgery of; to make a counterfeit item of; to copy or imitate unlawfully.


coop

Dutch Bantam
Marshall, Texas
Oxford English Dictionary
coop

From Middle English cǒupe, cupe, from Old English cȳpe (“basket, cask”) or possibly from Middle Dutch cûpe (compare modern Dutch kuip, Saterland Frisian kupe, Middle Low German kûpe), from Old Saxon *kûpa, côpa (“cask”) (compare Middle Low German kôpe, Old High German chôfa, chuofa, Middle High German kuofe, modern German Kufe (“cask (feminine)”)), probably from Latin cūpa, Medieval Latin cōpa (“cask”) (thus a doublet of coupe, cup, and keeve). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that if the word is from Latin, “it is difficult to account for the umlaut in Old English cýpe”.

'Tis the cruel gripe, / That lean hard-handed poverty inflicts, / The hope of better things, the chance to win, / The wiſh to ſhine, the thirſt to be amus'd, / That at the found of Winter's hoary wing, / Unpeople all our counties, of ſuch herds, / Of flutt'ring, loit'ring, cringing, begging, looſe, / And wanton vagrants, as make London, vaſt / And boundless as it is, a crowded coop.

1785, William Cowper, “The Garden”, in The Task, a Poem, in Six Books. By William Cowper … To which are Added, by the Same Author, An Epistle to Joseph Hill, Esq. Tirocinium, or a Review of Schools, and The History of John Gilpin, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, No. 72 St. Paul's Church-Yard, OCLC 221351486; republished as The Task. A Poem. In Six Books. To which is Added, Tirocinium: or, A Review of Schools, new edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed for Thomas Dobson, bookseller, in Second-street, second door above Chestnut-street, 1787, OCLC 23630717, page 87

Why think to shut up all things in your narrow coop, when we know there are not one or two only, but ten, twenty, a thousand things, and unlike?

1850, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Montaigne; or, the Skeptic”, in Representative Men. Seven Lectures, London: George Routledge & Co., Soho Square, →OCLC, page 94:

Lou Brent rolled from his cot, got to his feet on the floor of the tiny coop.

1929 September, Raoul F[alconia] Whitfield, “The Dog-Fight”, in Boys' Life, volume XIX, number 9, Irving, Tx.: Boy Scouts of America, →ISSN, page 18:

coop. A (gen., from ca. 1880, a country-town) prison: 1785, Sessions Papers of the Old Bailey, Sept., p. 1111, 'He has been in coop for a week'; […]

1968, Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of the Underworld: British and American; being the Vocabularies of Crooks, Criminals, Racketeers, Beggars and Tramps, Convicts, the Commercial Underworld, the Drug Traffic, the White Slave Traffic, Spivs, 3rd edition, rev. and much enl., London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, OCLC 311502654; republished as A Dictionary of the Underworld: British and American, Abingdon, Oxon.; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-317-44552-4

(figuratively, slang) A narrow place of confinement, a cage; a jail, a prison.


coop

en-verb

coop (third-person singular simple present coops, present participle cooping, simple past and past participle cooped)

coops (present singular third-person)
cooping (participle present)
cooped (participle past)
cooped (past)

COOPING. The term cooping refers to police officers sleeping on duty. […] One critic of two-man squad cars suggests that this is a recipe for cooping, since one officer can drive while the other sleeps.

2001, Mitchel P. Roth, Historical Dictionary of Law Enforcement, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, pages 76–77:

One of his first, and most groundbreaking, stories was about "cooping," police slang for sleeping on duty. It was sparked when Burnham interviewed Jim Curran, then a New York City policeman, who referred to someone being "in the coop," Burnham recalled. […] Burnham heard that every day thousands upon thousands of New York police supposedly working the night shift were actually sleeping, stashed in coops all over the city, only to be awakened if a crime was discovered. […] Cooping was a natural result and a dramatic example of a city agency misusing its resources.

2010, Bill Kovach, Tom Rosenstiel, Blur: How to Know What's True in the Age of Information Overload, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury USA, →ISBN, page 155:

The majority of policemen, […] act so as to save the public from harm, i.e., they shun their duties. Instead of being up and about, interfering with the rights of the people, many policemen choose the honorable way out—they coop. Cooping (sleeping in some out-of-the-way place while on duty) was a situation which enraged [Frank] Serpico. In the finest tradition of the busybody who insists on running other people's lives, Serpico insisted on being out on the streets at all hours, stopping a prostitute here, ambushing a gambler there, harassing drug merchants everywhere.

2012, Walter Block, Defending the Undefendable: The Pimp, Prostitute, Scab, Slumlord, Libeler, Moneylender, and Other Scapegoats in the Rogue's Gallery of American Society, Baltimore, Md.: Laissez Faire Books, →ISBN:

This cynicism may lead to an increased number of job actions and deviance, such as the "blue flu" or "cooping."

2012, Jeffrey Ian Ross, Policing Issues: Challenges and Controversies, Sudbury, Mass.: Jones & Bartlett Learning, →ISBN, page 66:

Cooping-prone areas are those locations where officers tend to engage in non-police activities that interrupt patrols in an unauthorized manner. A variety of such locations can be surmised, such as spending time at home or other locations not in the officer's area of responsibility while on duty. The department provided the example of officers parking in desolate areas to sleep.

2015, Steven V. Gilbert, Barbara A. Gilbert, Police Corruption in the NYPD: From Knapp to Mollen, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, pages 116–117:

(intransitive, law enforcement, slang) Of a police officer: to sleep or relax while on duty.


kavass

From Ottoman Turkish قواس (kavvas, “guard, sentry”), derived from Arabic قوّاس (qawwās, “archer”), from Arabic قَوْس (qaws, “bow”).


uniform

Borrowed from Middle French uniforme, from Latin uniformis.

Skeletor held the gun against Speedo’s head, held Speedo between himself and the cops who stood, motionless and futile, where they’d stopped. Robinson, Lindfors, Carter, three uniforms and I watched helpless as Skeletor, dragging Speedy with him, inched out the gate, started backing down the hill.

1996, S. J. Rozan, Concourse, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 265:

Four men flew out of it, three uniforms and one in what appeared to be an English riding outfit—boots, whip, the whole nine yards. […] He called out, “I’m the superintendent of police.”

2001, Christine Wiltz, The Last Madam: A Life in the New Orleans Underworld, Da Capo Press, →ISBN, page 113:

Eyes to the front now and there was the body, a lump of black and brown. Moon counted three uniforms and a photographer, the medical examiner and his assistant.

2004, Will Christopher Baer, Penny Dreadful, MacAdam/Cage Publishing, →ISBN, page 81:

(law enforcement) A uniformed police officer (as opposed to a detective).


aresti

eo-head

aresti (present arestas, past arestis, future arestos, conditional arestus, volitive arestu)

arestas (present)
arestis (past)
arestos (future)
arestus (conditional)
arestu (volitive)
arestas (present)
arestis (past)
arestos (future)
arestanta (active participle present singular)
arestantaj (active participle plural present)
arestinta (active participle past singular)
arestintaj (active participle past plural)
arestonta (active future participle singular)
arestontaj (active future participle plural)
arestantan (accusative active participle present singular)
arestantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
arestintan (accusative active participle past singular)
arestintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
arestontan (accusative active future participle singular)
arestontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
arestata (participle passive present singular)
arestataj (participle passive plural present)
arestita (participle passive past singular)
arestitaj (participle passive past plural)
arestota (future participle passive singular)
arestotaj (future participle passive plural)
arestatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
arestatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
arestitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
arestitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
arestotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
arestotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
arestanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
arestantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
arestinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
arestintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
arestonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
arestontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
arestanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
arestantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
arestinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
arestintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
arestonton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
arestontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
arestato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
arestatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
arestito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
arestitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
arestoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
arestotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
arestaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
arestatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
arestiton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
arestitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
arestoton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
arestotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
arestante (active adverbial participle present)
arestinte (active adverbial participle past)
arestonte (active adverbial future participle)
arestate (adverbial participle passive present)
arestite (adverbial participle passive past)
arestote (adverbial future participle passive)
aresti (infinitive)
arestu (imperative)
arestus (conditional)


smuggle

en-verb

smuggle (third-person singular simple present smuggles, present participle smuggling, simple past and past participle smuggled)

smuggles (present singular third-person)
smuggling (participle present)
smuggled (participle past)
smuggled (past)

From earlier smuckle, either from Dutch smokkelen (“to smuggle”), a frequentative form of Middle Dutch smūken (“to act secretly, be sneaky”), or from Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German smuggeln. The Dutch and Low German words are both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *smeuganą (“to creep; slip through or into”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk-, *smewg- (“to slip, glide; be slimy”).
cognates and related terms
Cognate with Saterland Frisian smuggelje (“to smuggle”), West Frisian smokkelje (“to smuggle”), German Low German smuggeln, smuckeln (“to move insidiously, smuggle”), German schmuggeln (“to smuggle”), Danish smugle (“to smuggle”), Swedish smuggla (“to smuggle”). Related also to Icelandic smjúga (“to creep, penetrate”), Swedish smyga (“to sneak, slip, crawl, lurk, steal”), German schmiegen (“to nestle, wrap, snuggle”), Old English smēogan, smūgan (“to creep, crawl, move gradually, penetrate”).

cog

(slang) To thrash or be thrashed by a bear's claws, or to swipe at or be swiped at by a person's arms in a bearlike manner.


thug

From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).
Thuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as "ruffian, cutthroat" by 1839. Related to English thatch, deck.

rampokker

someone who treats others violently or roughly

(African-American Vernacular) One who, usually as a result of social disadvantage, has turned to committing crimes (e.g. selling drugs, robbery, assault, etc.) to make a living; a gangsta.


banda

bandák (plural)
banda (nominative singular)
bandák (nominative plural)
bandát (accusative singular)
bandákat (accusative plural)
bandának (dative singular)
bandáknak (dative plural)
bandával (instrumental singular)
bandákkal (instrumental plural)
bandáért (causal-final singular)
bandákért (causal-final plural)
bandává (singular translative)
bandákká (plural translative)
bandáig (singular terminative)
bandákig (plural terminative)
bandaként (essive-formal singular)
bandákként (essive-formal plural)
bandában (inessive singular)
bandákban (inessive plural)
bandán (singular superessive)
bandákon (plural superessive)
bandánál (adessive singular)
bandáknál (adessive plural)
bandába (illative singular)
bandákba (illative plural)
bandára (singular sublative)
bandákra (plural sublative)
bandához (allative singular)
bandákhoz (allative plural)
bandából (elative singular)
bandákból (elative plural)
bandáról (delative singular)
bandákról (delative plural)
bandától (ablative singular)
bandáktól (ablative plural)
bandáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
bandáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
bandáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
bandákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
bandám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
bandáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
bandád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
bandáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
bandája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
bandái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
bandánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
bandáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
bandátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
bandáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
bandájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
bandáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

First attested in 1787. Borrowed from Italian banda (“group”). Perhaps via German Bande.

(derogatory) band, crew, mob (unruly group of people)


banda

banda (nominative singular)
bandy (nominative plural)
bandy (genitive singular)
band (genitive plural)
bandzie (dative singular)
bandom (dative plural)
bandę (accusative singular)
bandy (accusative plural)
bandą (instrumental singular)
bandami (instrumental plural)
bandzie (locative singular)
bandach (locative plural)
bando (singular vocative)
bandy (plural vocative)

(colloquial) mob (group of loud and rambunctious people)


R&D

(business) Initialism of Research and Development (a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting.)

Research and Development

(prison) Initialism of Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal (a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison.)


trespass

en-verb

trespass (third-person singular simple present trespasses, present participle trespassing, simple past and past participle trespassed)

trespasses (present singular third-person)
trespassing (participle present)
trespassed (participle past)
trespassed (past)

From Middle English trespassen, borrowed from Old French trespasser (“to go across or over, transgress”), from tres- (“across, over”) + passer (“to pass”).

der

The dean trespassed the streaker from his university.

"You were trespassing on private property when you were taking pictures," he said, with no hint of courtesy. "I must trespass you. Come with me."

1996 April 16, Glenn Campbell, “Another Business Office Found”, in The Groom Lake Desert Rat, number 35, Rachel, NV, archived from the original on 1998-02-23:

The entire police force has in effect been trespassed from a Wellington property to stop officers checking whether a heavy-sleeping offender is complying with an overnight bail curfew.

2012 June 21, Greg O'Connor, “Criminal trespasses police officers”, in Stuff:

(transitive) To decree that a person shall be arrested for trespassing if he or she returns to someone else's land.


illegal

en-adj

illegal (comparative more illegal, superlative most illegal)

more illegal (comparative)
most illegal (superlative)

Borrowed from French illégal, from Medieval Latin illegalis, from Latin legalis, by surface analysis, il- + legal. In senses relating to immigration, via clipping from illegal alien or illegal immigrant.

This is illegal, you know!

Nearly 40 million people live in UK areas with illegal air pollution

their illegal mining operations in Asia, Africa and elsewhere, are protected by officials and police paid to look the other way – and powerful customers in the construction industry who prefer not to ask too many questions.

In all times the Princes in England have done ſomething illegal to get Money: But then came a Parliament and all was well, the People and the Prince kiſt and were Friends, and ſo things were quiet for a while.

a. 1654, John Selden, “Money”, in Table-Talk, 3rd edition, London: Jacob Tonson, published 1716, page 74:

Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

Contrary to or forbidden by law, especially criminal law.


rig

From Early Modern English rygge, probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian rigge (“to bind up; wrap around; rig; equip”), Swedish dialectal rigga (“to rig a horse”), Faroese rigga (“to rig; to equip and fit; to make s.th. function”). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *rik- (“to bind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rign-, *reyg- (“to bind”); or related to Old English *wrīhan, wrīohan, wrēohan, wrēon (“to bind; wrap up; cover”). See also wry (“to cover; clothe; dress; hide”).

cog

When I saw a special version of Quake running on Voodoo hardware, I knew I would be forking out quite a bit of money on my gaming rig.

2004, Radford Castro, Let Me Play: Stories of Gaming and Emulation, page 104:

(slang, computing) A personal computer, typically one modified for looks.


scottare

it-verb

a􂀿in most meanings􂁀:e􂀿in the intransitive meaning "to hurt, to pain"􂁀/ò

scottàre (first-person singular present scòtto, first-person singular past historic scottài, past participle scottàto, auxiliary (in most meanings) avére or (in the intransitive meaning "to hurt, to pain") èssere)

scottàre (canonical)
scòtto (first-person present singular)
scottài (first-person historic past singular)
scottàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)
scottàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)
scottàndo (gerund)
scottànte (participle present)
scottàto (participle past)
scòtto (first-person indicative present singular)
scòtti (indicative present second-person singular)
scòtta (indicative present singular third-person)
scottiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
scottàte (indicative plural present second-person)
scòttano (indicative plural present third-person)
scottàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
scottàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
scottàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
scottavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
scottavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
scottàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
scottài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
scottàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
scottò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
scottàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
scottàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
scottàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
scotterò (first-person future indicative singular)
scotterài (future indicative second-person singular)
scotterà (future indicative singular third-person)
scotterémo (first-person future indicative plural)
scotteréte (future indicative plural second-person)
scotterànno (future indicative plural third-person)
scotterèi (conditional first-person present singular)
scotterésti (conditional present second-person singular)
scotterèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
scotterébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
scotterémmo (conditional first-person plural present)
scotteréste (conditional plural present second-person)
scotterèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
scotterébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
scòtti (first-person present singular subjunctive)
scòtti (present second-person singular subjunctive)
scòtti (present singular subjunctive third-person)
scottiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
scottiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
scòttino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
scottàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
scottàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
scottàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
scottàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
scottàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
scottàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
scòtta (imperative second-person singular)
scòtti (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
scottiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
scottàte (imperative plural second-person)
scòttino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
scottàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
scòtti (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
scottiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
scottàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
scòttino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From Vulgar Latin *excoctāre, derived from Latin excoctus, perfect passive participle of excoquō (“to boil; to melt; to dry up”), derived from coquō (“to cook”).

quel bambino scotta

(intransitive, hyperbolic, by extension) to be excessively hot, especially because of a fever [auxiliary avere] (of a person or body part)


favouritism

en-noun

favouritism (countable and uncountable, plural favouritisms)

(British spelling) The unfair favouring of one person or group at the expense of another.


imprison

en-verb

imprison (third-person singular simple present imprisons, present participle imprisoning, simple past and past participle imprisoned)

imprisons (present singular third-person)
imprisoning (participle present)
imprisoned (participle past)
imprisoned (past)

From Middle English imprisonen, emprisounen, emprisonen, from Old French emprisonner.

None of these people has ever had what they really wanted, and if they get a glimmer of it, they back off suspiciously, failures of imagination helping to imprison them further.

1985 December 21, Mara Math, “Fen (review)”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 23, page 15:

[...] demand for the boots fell sharply after the Battle of Waterloo, and Brunel was imprisoned for debt in 1821.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 87:

(transitive) To put in or as if in prison; confine somebody against their will.


9/11 attacks
911 (disambiguation)
Federal Communications Commission
National Emergency Number Association
United States

Chosen by the United States in the 1960s in place of the older British 999 number as a better way to avoid accidental calls from push-button telephones. It is officially pronounced "nine-one-one," not "nine-eleven," since "nine-eleven" refers to the 2001 attacks in New York and Washington. 9/11 is universally distinguished from 911 and usually refers to the September 11, 2001 attacks. Officially written as 9-1-1 in regulations and materials from the United States National Emergency Number Association and Federal Communications Commission, which is also advocated by some media style guides.

I don't know why they couldn't just keep it as it was! How hard is it to remember 911?
You mean 999...
I mean 999!
That's the American one!
Yeah!

2006 Feb. 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 1, Episode 2

When you call 911 in the United States, a local dispatcher usually answers the phone with "911" or "911. What's your emergency?"

The telephone number for emergency services in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Argentina, Uruguay, Ecuador, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Liberia, Ethiopia, the Philippines, Anguilla, Palau, and Tonga.

emergency services(Australia) 000(Mongolia) 105(China, Iran) 110(New Zealand) 111(European Union) 112(Japan, South Korea) 119(UK, Ireland) 999


homicide

en-noun

homicide (countable and uncountable, plural homicides)

From Old French homicide, from Latin homicīda (“man-slayer”) and homicīdium (“manslaughter”).

(countable, uncountable, crime) The killing of one person by another, whether premeditated or unintentional.


CP

CP (countable and uncountable, plural CPs)

(law enforcement) Initialism of containment perimeter.


genocide

genocide (countable and uncountable, plural genocides)

Armenian genocide
Terminology of the Armenian genocide
The Holocaust
genocide

Coined by lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent Raphael Lemkin in 1943 or 1944 in reference to the Armenian Genocide (then known by other names; see: Terminology of the Armenian genocide) and the Jewish Holocaust. From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”) (cognate with Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”), whence genus) + -cide (“killing, killer”). Doublet of gendercide. Compare genticide.

der

For the German occupying authorities war thus appears to offer the most appropriate occasion for carrying out their policy of genocide.

1944, November, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, "Analysis of Government - Proposals for Redress", chapter 9, page 79

Shaddam IV: I want fifty legion of Sardaukar on Arrakis at once!
Subordinate: Fifty legions? That's our entire reserves as well.
Shaddam IV: This is genocide: the deliberate and systematic destruction of all life on Arrakis!

1984, 1:49:22 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Shaddam IV, →OCLC:

Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

2008 June 1, A. Dirk Moses, “Preface”, in Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Berghahn Books, →ISBN, page x:

A genocide will always be followed by the denial that it ever happened.

The systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people, typically by killing substantial numbers of them, on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

(by extension) The systematic killing of substantial numbers of people on other grounds.

ជនឃាត

cĕəʼnĕəʼkhiət

Native Americans in the twentieth century are no longer a "vanishing race" or a silent minority. They have survived centuries of cultural genocide inflicted on them by non-Native Americans— both the well-meaning and the self-seeking— […]

1986, James Stuart Olson, Raymond Wilson, Native Americans in the Twentieth Century, →ISBN:

(by extension) The systematic suppression of ideas or practices on the basis of cultural or ethnic origin; culturicide.

I used genocide in my first ascension, but have been genocideless ever since. Makes the game much more interesting, but then again, if one hasn't ascended yet, it will be interesting anyway.

2000, Kimmo Kasila, “Arch lich at Minetown bones, Help!”, in rec.games.roguelike.nethack (Usenet):

(video games, roguelikes) The elimination of an entire class of monsters by the player.


genocide

nl-noun

genocide f (plural genocides, diminutive genocidetje n)

genocides (plural)
genocidetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: genosida

Borrowed from English genocide. Equivalent to geno- + -cide.


furor

la-verb

fūror (present infinitive fūrārī, perfect active fūrātus sum); first conjugation, deponent

fūror (canonical)
fūrārī (infinitive present)
fūrātus sum (active perfect)
fūror (active first-person indicative present singular)
fūrāris (active indicative present second-person singular)
fūrāre (active indicative present second-person singular)
fūrātur (active indicative present singular third-person)
fūrāmur (active first-person indicative plural present)
fūrāminī (active indicative plural present second-person)
fūrantur (active indicative plural present third-person)
fūrābar (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fūrābāris (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fūrābāre (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fūrābātur (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fūrābāmur (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fūrābāminī (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fūrābantur (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fūrābor (active first-person future indicative singular)
fūrāberis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fūrābere (active future indicative second-person singular)
fūrābitur (active future indicative singular third-person)
fūrābimur (active first-person future indicative plural)
fūrābiminī (active future indicative plural second-person)
fūrābuntur (active future indicative plural third-person)
fūrer (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fūrēris (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrēre (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrētur (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fūrēmur (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fūrēminī (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fūrentur (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fūrārer (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fūrārēris (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrārēre (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrārētur (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fūrārēmur (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fūrārēminī (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fūrārentur (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fūrāre (active imperative present second-person singular)
fūrāminī (active imperative plural present second-person)
fūrātor (active future imperative second-person singular)
fūrātor (active future imperative singular third-person)
fūrantor (active future imperative plural third-person)
fūrārī (active infinitive present)
fūrātum esse (active infinitive perfect)
fūrātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fūrāns (active participle present)
fūrātus (active participle perfect)
fūrātūrus (active future participle)
fūrandus (future participle passive)
fūrandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fūrātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: fur, furari

Istro-Romanian: furå

Italian: furare

Romanian: fura, furare

Sardinian: furai


stalking

stalking (nominative singular)
stalkingu (genitive singular)
stalkingowi (dative singular)
stalking (accusative singular)
stalkingiem (instrumental singular)
stalkingu (locative singular)
stalkingu (singular vocative)

(crime) stalking (crime of following or harassing)


porridge

en-noun

porridge (usually uncountable, plural porridges)

Variant of pottage (“thick soup or stew”), influenced by porray (“stew of leeks”). The "prison sentence" sense comes from the British tradition of serving prisoners porridge for breakfast.

keep one's breath to cool one's porridge

save one's breath to cool one's porridge

Just do your porridge and keep your head down.

(British, slang, uncountable) A prison sentence.

pap

breakfast cereal dish — see also oatmeal


manslaughter

manslaughter (countable and uncountable, plural manslaughters)

From Middle English manslaȝter, manslauter, equivalent to man + slaughter, or taken as an adaptation of Old English mansliht (“murder; killing of a person”), from mann (“person”) + sliht (“killing”), see manslaught. Cognate with Scots manslauchter (“homicide”). Compare also Old Frisian monslaga (“murder”).

inh

For that cause We decreed for the Children of Israel that whosoever killeth a human being for other than manslaughter or corruption in the earth, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind, and whoso saveth the life of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind.

1930, Marmaduke Pickthall, transl., The Meaning of the Glorious Koran, surah 5, verse 32:

(obsolete) The slaying of a human being.


forger

-ɔː(ɹ)dʒə(ɹ)

From Middle English forger, forgere, from Old French forgiere; equivalent to forge + -er.

A person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud, e.g. to create a false will or illicit copies of currency; counterfeiter.

կեղծարար

person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud; counterfeiter


forger

English: forger

From Old French forgiere; equivalent to forgen + -er.


bratva

Borrowed from Russian братва (bratva, “brothers; brotherhood”).

triad

Southeast Asian organized crime syndicate

cartel

Latin American organized crime syndicate

(countable) A Russian organized crime syndicate/family.

(as "the bratva") Russian organized crime collectively.


Nigerian scam

The scam messages usually claim to originate from Nigeria, though this is often a spoof.

Even savvy Internet users have fallen victim to the ubiquitous Nigerian scam.

(Internet) An attempt to defraud by sending out large numbers of emails, each stating that the recipient is entitled to receive a large amount of money, but will need to supply banking account details, or to send payment for fees, before the payment can be passed on.


SAS

(law enforcement) Abbreviation of section des agressions sexuelles. (sexual assault squad)


SBS

Special Boat Service
w:Special Boat Service

(UK, military) Initialism of Special Boat Service, an elite unit of the British Royal Marines, similar to the SAS but operating in a naval environment.


gallows

en-noun

gallows (plural gallows or (rare) gallowses)

gallows (plural)
gallowses (plural rare)

From Middle English galwes, galewes, plural of galwe, galowe, from Old English galga, gealga, from Proto-West Germanic *galgō, from Proto-Germanic *galgô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰalgʰ-, *ǵʰalg- (“long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch”). The plural construction probably refers to the vertical and horizontal beams.
Compare West Frisian galge, Dutch galg, German Galgen, Danish galge, Icelandic gálgi.
For the pronunciation /ˈɡæləs/, compare bellows, bodice.

No, Sir, 'tis fear of Hanging. Who would not ſteal, or do Murder, every time his Fingers itch'd at it, were it not for fear of the Gallows?

1728, Thomas Otway, “The Atheist, or, the Second Part of the Solider's Fortune”, in The Works of Mr. Thomas Otway, volume 2, London, page 37:

Wooden framework on which persons are put to death by hanging.

مِشْنَقَة

wooden framework on which persons are put to death by hanging

galgbacke

site with one or more gallows for executions

Ay, and a shrewd unhappy gallows too. / You'll ne'er be friends with him: a' kill'd your sister.

1590, William Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost:

(colloquial, obsolete) A wretch who deserves to be hanged.


SWAT

SWAT (countable and uncountable, plural SWATs)

(chiefly US, law enforcement) Acronym of special weapons and tactics. The area of expertise of police officers trained and equipped to neutralize armed or entrenched criminals.

special weapons and tactics

"This situation is out of control. We need a SWAT," the policeman said.

(chiefly US, law enforcement) A SWAT team


crony

Cambridge University
Samuel Pepys
The New York Times
William Safire

Coined between 1655 and 1665 from Ancient Greek χρόνιος (khrónios, “perennial, long-lasting”) (English chrono- (“time”), initially as Cambridge University slang, in sense of “chum”, as “friend of long standing”, with illegal connotation later.
Early spellings included chrony, as in 1665 diary by Samuel Pepys, supporting the Greek origin.

der

Rip now resumed his old walks and habits; he soon found many of his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the wear and tear of time; and preferred making friends among the rising generation, with whom he soon grew into great favour.

1819 June 23, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Rip Van Winkle”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number I, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 91:

(informal, originally Cambridge University) A close friend.

(informal) A trusted companion or partner in a criminal organization.


crony

Marry not an old crony.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:


assassin

en-verb

assassin (third-person singular simple present assassins, present participle assassining, simple past and past participle assassined)

assassins (present singular third-person)
assassining (participle present)
assassined (participle past)
assassined (past)

Assassin (disambiguation)
Nicolas Bourbaki

From either French assassin or Italian assassino, from Arabic أَسَاسِيِّين (ʔasāsiyyīn, “people who are faithful to the foundation [of the faith]”) and the folkloric etymology Arabic حَشَّاشِين (ḥaššāšīn, “hashish users; low-lives”).
The mathematical sense was introduced by Bourbaki, playing on the notation operatorname Ass(M) and the fact that an associated prime is the annihilator of an element, and so is said to kill that element.

der

أَسَاسِيِّين

people who are faithful to the foundation 􂀿of the faith􂁀


assassin

fr-adj

assassin (feminine assassine, masculine plural assassins, feminine plural assassines)

assassine (feminine)
assassins (masculine plural)
assassines (feminine plural)

From either Arabic حَشَّاشِين (ḥaššāšīn, “hashish users”) or أَسَاسِيُّون (ʔasāsiyyūn).


warder

1595, Samuel Daniel, Civil Wars, in The Poetical Works of Mr. Samuel Daniel, Volume II, London: R. Gosling, 1718, Book I, stanza 62, p. 25,
When, lo! the king chang’d suddenly his Mind,
Casts down his Warder to arrest them there;

Stay, the king hath thrown his warder down.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene 3]:

If thou doſt not inſtantly comply with theſe juſt demands, he defies thee to ſingle combat to the laſt extremity. And ſo ſaying, the Herald caſt down his warder.

1764 December 24 (indicated as 1765), Onuphrio Muralto, translated by William Marshal [pseudonyms; Horace Walpole], chapter III, in The Castle of Otranto, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Lownds […], →OCLC, page 91:

(archaic) A truncheon or staff carried by a king or commander, used to signal commands.


warrant officer

en-noun

warrant officer (plural warrant officers)

The bailiff does not like to see himself as the brutal oppressor of the poor or as the agent of malicious creditors... This distinction between warrant officer and process server is not at all dissimilar to the gulf that divides the law officer and the peace officer in the police force... Warrant officers execute warrants whilst process servers distribute court summonses and cajole debtors.

1973, Paul Rock, Making People Pay, page 162:

(law enforcement) An officer assigned to execute warrants and other writs.


IR

IR (countable and uncountable, plural IRs)

(law enforcement) Initialism of incident report.


warden

→ Welsh: warden, gwarden

From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wartēn (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.

An official charged with supervisory duties or with the enforcement of specific laws or regulations; such as a game warden or air-raid warden.

nəzarətçi

an official charged with supervisory duties


sheriff

From Middle English shirreve, from Old English sċīrġerēfa, corresponding to shire + reeve. There is no etymological connection to Sharif (شَرِيف (šarīf)), an Arabic title of honour that has cognates in other languages including Hindi, Urdu, Portuguese, etc.

(US) A government official, usually responsible for law enforcement in their county and for administration of the county jail, sometimes an officer of the court, usually elected.


gangbang

(US, slang) An act of a street gang committing crimes as a group, such as attacking random people on the streets.