ichor

ichor (nominative singular)
ichoru (genitive singular)
ichorowi (dative singular)
ichor (accusative singular)
ichorem (instrumental singular)
ichorze (locative singular)
ichorze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ichor.

lbor

(Greek mythology) ichor (liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods)


Emerita

la-proper noun

Ēmerita f sg (genitive Ēmeritae); first declension

Ēmerita (canonical feminine singular)
Ēmeritae (genitive)
Ēmerita (nominative singular)
Ēmeritae (genitive singular)
Ēmeritae (dative singular)
Ēmeritam (accusative singular)
Ēmeritā (ablative singular)
Ēmerita (singular vocative)
Ēmeritae (locative singular)

Colonia Augusta Emerita
Colonia Augusta Emerita#Latin

Short for Colonia Augusta Emerita. (an ancient Roman city, now Mérida, Spain)


quinquennial

Borrowed from Latin quīnquenniālis, from quīnquennium (“5-year period”) + -ālis, from quīnquennis (“5-year”) + -ium (“-ium: forming abstract nouns”), from quīnque (“five”) + annus (“year”) + -is (suffix forming compound adjectives).

(historical) Synonym of quinquennalia, the festival and religious ritual held in the 5th year of a Roman emperor's reign.


naiad

From Latin Naias, from Ancient Greek Νᾱϊάς (Nāïás, “naiad”), from νάω (náō, “to flow”).

(Greek mythology) A female deity (nymph) associated with water, especially a spring, stream, or other fresh water.

Any of various aquatic plants of the genus Najas.


Etruscologist

A historian or archaeologist who specializes in the Etruscans.

étruscologue

a person who specialises in the Etruscans


sirena

From Late Latin sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).


sirena

[sɪˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sirena, from Late Latin Sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The third sense is an extension of the original, further popularized by the rap song Sirena.

Ligaya Tiamson Rubin, may mga kuwento ang mga taga- Angono tungkol sa mga sirena na siyang nakikita sa isang malaking bato na umaawit at may mahabang gintong buhok. Kapag may dumarating na tao ay agad itong nawawala.

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, (Es) kultura ng bayan: Kakambal ng ibang mga bayan:

Diego: 'Yun pong bahagi ng dagat ditong nilalabasan ng mga sirena. Galit daw po ang mga sirena sa mga tagarito. Ayon po kasi sa kuwentu-kuwento, noong unang panahon daw e pinakialaman ng mga mangingisda dito ang mga sirena ...

1993, Ricardo Lee, Salome: a Filipino filmscript, Univ of Wisconsin Center for:

Sa kaharian nila Amelita... Sa kaharian ng mga Sirena...Nakaramdam ako ng kasiyahan. Si Lagrimas... Sana ay masaya siya saan man siya naroon.... Katapusan Si Robinson Mago ay isang Electronics and Communication Engineer na ...

2014, Robin Mago, Amelita, Robinson Mago:

Natutuklasan nila sa mga libro ni Gaying na lahat ng mga taga-Angono ay nagiging bida, walang bandido, nagiging mga diwata, higante at mga sirena sa kanilang mahal na Angono. Nagkakaroon tuloy sila ng pakiramdam na sila man ay ...

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Pagtatala ng gunita, panimulang dokumentasyon ng mga bayan sa Pilipinas, →ISBN:


Phoebus

From Middle English Phebus, from Latin Phoebus, from Ancient Greek Φοῖβος (Phoîbos).

Mor. Miſlike me not for my complexion,
The ſhadowed liuerie of the burniſht ſunne,
To whom I am a neighbour, and neere bred.
Bring me the faireſt creature North-ward borne,
Where Phœbus fire ſcarce thawes the yſicles,
And let vs make inciſion for your loue,
To proue whoſe blood is reddeſt, his or mine.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 167:

(Greek mythology) An epithet and synonym for Helios; Phoebus Helios, after his maternal aunt, Phoebe.

By Phœbus, here's a moſt neate fine ſtreete; is't not? I proteſt to thee, I am enamord of this ſtreete now, more then of halfe the ſtreetes of Rome, againe; tis ſo polite, and terſe; […]

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act III:

The heaven doth not contain so many stars,
So many leaves not prostrate lie in woods,
When autumn’s old and Boreas sounds his wars,
So many waves have not the ocean floods,
As my rent mind hath torments all the night,

17th century, William Drummond, Sextain I, in English Poetry, published 1907, page 162

And heart spends sighs, when Phœbus brings the light.

For she recalled the edict which decreed
If in one day she did not take or kill
The challenger (to this King Charles agreed),
She was his captive and must do his will.
Phoebus was soon to plunge his golden head
Into the western sea when of her skill
And strength the Maid at last began doubt,
While her fatigue was putting hope to rout.[…]

1991 August 29, Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso: Part Two (Orlando Furioso), Penguin UK, →ISBN, →OCLC:

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) An epithet and synonym for Apollo; Phoebus Apollo.


Phoebus

Phoebus m sg (genitive Phoebī); second declension

Phoebī (genitive)
Phoebus (nominative singular)
Phoebī (genitive singular)
Phoebō (dative singular)
Phoebum (accusative singular)
Phoebō (ablative singular)
Phoebe (singular vocative)

desctree

→ Middle English: Phebus, Febus
English: Phoebus

→ French: Phébus, Phœbus

→ Russian: Феб (Feb)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φοῖβος (Phoîbos, “[the] Radiant [One]”).

bor

(Greek mythology) Apollo, i.e. Phoebus Apollo, the "radiant one"


Virgil

From Middle English Vyrgyle, from Latin Virgilius, from the Roman clan name Vergilius, from Etruscan and of unknown meaning.

A small town in Beadle County, South Dakota.


plebs

plebs (nominative singular)
plebsu (genitive singular)
plebsowi (dative singular)
plebs (accusative singular)
plebsem (instrumental singular)
plebsie (locative singular)
plebsie (singular vocative)

(collective, historical, Ancient Rome) plebs (plebeian class of Ancient Rome)


triunfo

Borrowed from Latin triumphus (“triumphal procession”), from Old Latin triumpus, from Etruscan *𐌈𐌓𐌉𐌀𐌌𐌐𐌄 (*θriampe), from Ancient Greek θρίαμβος (thríambos, “thriambus”). Doublet of trunfo.

der

(historical, Ancient Rome) triumph (ceremony to celebrate someone’s military achievement)


agon

en-noun

agon (countable and uncountable, plural agons or agones)

From Latin agōn, from Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”).

(uncountable) A two-player board game played on a hexagonally-tiled board, popular in Victorian times.


agon

agon (nominative singular)
agony (nominative plural)
agonu (genitive singular)
agonów (genitive plural)
agonowi (dative singular)
agonom (dative plural)
agon (accusative singular)
agony (accusative plural)
agonem (instrumental singular)
agonami (instrumental plural)
agonie (locative singular)
agonach (locative plural)
agonie (singular vocative)
agony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, historical) agon (contest)


gorgon

From Middle English gorgon, from Latin Gorgō, from Ancient Greek Γοργώ (Gorgṓ), from γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”). Possibly from the same root as the Sanskrit word "garğ" (गर्जन), which is defined as a guttural sound, similar to the growling of a beast, thus possibly originating as an onomatopoeia.

(Greek mythology) A vicious female monster from Greek mythology with sharp fangs and hair of living, venomous snakes. One of the three sisters: Medusa, Stheno and Euryale


gorgon

English: gorgon (obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin Gorgō, from Ancient Greek Γοργώ (Gorgṓ).


foro

(historical, Ancient Rome) forum (square or marketplace used for public business and commerce)


foro

Learned borrowing from Latin forum. Doublet of fórum.


genii

On the 11th Century glass bowl above, the painted figures—winged genii, nude athletes and brawny soldiers—resemble mythological characters but may be only lighthearted mimicry of ancient Greek or Roman subjects.

1980, Colin Thubron, Seafarers: The Venetians, page 40:

plural of genius
(Roman mythology) Guardian spirits.


hellen

hellen (indefinite nominative singular)
hellens (genitive indefinite singular)
hellenen (definite nominative singular)
hellenens (definite genitive singular)
hellener (indefinite nominative plural)
helleners (genitive indefinite plural)
hellenerna (definite nominative plural)
hellenernas (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἕλλην (Héllēn). Attested since 1822.


nectar

Coordinate term: ambrozijn

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) nectar, beverage drunk by the Olympians


Homer

de-proper noun

Homer m (proper noun, strong, genitive Homers or Homer)


Homer

Borrowed from Latin Homērus, from Ancient Greek Ὅμηρος (Hómēros).


Αχιλλέας

Achilléas (romanization)
Αχιλλέας (nominative singular)
Αχιλλέα (genitive singular)
Αχιλλέα (accusative singular)
Αχιλλέα (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).

(Greek mythology) a male given name, equivalent to English Achilles


гений

ru-noun+

ге́ний • (génij) m anim or m inan (genitive ге́ния, nominative plural ге́нии, genitive plural ге́ниев)

ге́ний (canonical)
génij (romanization)
ге́ния (genitive)
ге́нии (nominative plural)
ге́ниев (genitive plural)
ге́ний (nominative singular)
ге́нии (nominative plural)
ге́ния (genitive singular)
ге́ниев (genitive plural)
ге́нию (dative singular)
ге́ниям (dative plural)
ге́ния (accusative animate singular)
ге́ниев (accusative animate plural)
ге́ний (accusative inanimate singular)
ге́нии (accusative inanimate plural)
ге́нием (instrumental singular)
ге́ниями (instrumental plural)
ге́нии (prepositional singular)
ге́ниях (plural prepositional)

→ Yakut: гений (geniy)

First attested 1763. Borrowed from German Genius or directly from Latin genius. Displaced the earlier form гениуш, which was borrowed from Polish.

(animate, Roman mythology) genius, tutelary deity


Late Latin

As with English, Latin also has historical periods. These are broken into Early Latin (240–70BC); the Golden Age (70BC–AD14); the Silver Age (AD14–130); Late Latin (2nd–6th century); and then Medieval Latin or Low Latin (6th–15th centuries). ]

[ 2007, elizabeth solopova, stuart d. lee, Key Concepts in Medieval Literature, section 2 Old English, sub-section (b) Anglo-Latin Writing

The form of the Latin language used between the 2nd/3rd and 6th centuries.


Neptunus

Neptunus (nominative singular)
Neptunukset (nominative plural)
Neptunus (accusative nominative singular)
Neptunukset (accusative nominative plural)
Neptunuksen (accusative genitive singular)
Neptunukset (accusative genitive plural)
Neptunuksen (genitive singular)
Neptunusten (genitive plural)
Neptunuksien (genitive plural)
Neptunusta (partitive singular)
Neptunuksia (partitive plural)
Neptunuksessa (inessive singular)
Neptunuksissa (inessive plural)
Neptunuksesta (elative singular)
Neptunuksista (elative plural)
Neptunukseen (illative singular)
Neptunuksiin (illative plural)
Neptunuksella (adessive singular)
Neptunuksilla (adessive plural)
Neptunukselta (ablative singular)
Neptunuksilta (ablative plural)
Neptunukselle (allative singular)
Neptunuksille (allative plural)
Neptunuksena (essive singular)
Neptunuksina (essive plural)
Neptunukseksi (singular translative)
Neptunuksiksi (plural translative)
Neptunuksetta (abessive singular)
Neptunuksitta (abessive plural)
Neptunuksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Neptunukseni (nominative singular)
Neptunukseni (nominative plural)
Neptunukseni (accusative nominative singular)
Neptunukseni (accusative nominative plural)
Neptunukseni (accusative genitive singular)
Neptunukseni (accusative genitive plural)
Neptunukseni (genitive singular)
Neptunusteni (genitive plural)
Neptunuksieni (genitive plural)
Neptunustani (partitive singular)
Neptunuksiani (partitive plural)
Neptunuksessani (inessive singular)
Neptunuksissani (inessive plural)
Neptunuksestani (elative singular)
Neptunuksistani (elative plural)
Neptunukseeni (illative singular)
Neptunuksiini (illative plural)
Neptunuksellani (adessive singular)
Neptunuksillani (adessive plural)
Neptunukseltani (ablative singular)
Neptunuksiltani (ablative plural)
Neptunukselleni (allative singular)
Neptunuksilleni (allative plural)
Neptunuksenani (essive singular)
Neptunuksinani (essive plural)
Neptunuksekseni (singular translative)
Neptunuksikseni (plural translative)
Neptunuksettani (abessive singular)
Neptunuksittani (abessive plural)
Neptunuksineni (comitative plural)
Neptunuksesi (nominative singular)
Neptunuksesi (nominative plural)
Neptunuksesi (accusative nominative singular)
Neptunuksesi (accusative nominative plural)
Neptunuksesi (accusative genitive singular)
Neptunuksesi (accusative genitive plural)
Neptunuksesi (genitive singular)
Neptunustesi (genitive plural)
Neptunuksiesi (genitive plural)
Neptunustasi (partitive singular)
Neptunuksiasi (partitive plural)
Neptunuksessasi (inessive singular)
Neptunuksissasi (inessive plural)
Neptunuksestasi (elative singular)
Neptunuksistasi (elative plural)
Neptunukseesi (illative singular)
Neptunuksiisi (illative plural)
Neptunuksellasi (adessive singular)
Neptunuksillasi (adessive plural)
Neptunukseltasi (ablative singular)
Neptunuksiltasi (ablative plural)
Neptunuksellesi (allative singular)
Neptunuksillesi (allative plural)
Neptunuksenasi (essive singular)
Neptunuksinasi (essive plural)
Neptunukseksesi (singular translative)
Neptunuksiksesi (plural translative)
Neptunuksettasi (abessive singular)
Neptunuksittasi (abessive plural)
Neptunuksinesi (comitative plural)
Neptunuksemme (nominative singular)
Neptunuksemme (nominative plural)
Neptunuksemme (accusative nominative singular)
Neptunuksemme (accusative nominative plural)
Neptunuksemme (accusative genitive singular)
Neptunuksemme (accusative genitive plural)
Neptunuksemme (genitive singular)
Neptunustemme (genitive plural)
Neptunuksiemme (genitive plural)
Neptunustamme (partitive singular)
Neptunuksiamme (partitive plural)
Neptunuksessamme (inessive singular)
Neptunuksissamme (inessive plural)
Neptunuksestamme (elative singular)
Neptunuksistamme (elative plural)
Neptunukseemme (illative singular)
Neptunuksiimme (illative plural)
Neptunuksellamme (adessive singular)
Neptunuksillamme (adessive plural)
Neptunukseltamme (ablative singular)
Neptunuksiltamme (ablative plural)
Neptunuksellemme (allative singular)
Neptunuksillemme (allative plural)
Neptunuksenamme (essive singular)
Neptunuksinamme (essive plural)
Neptunukseksemme (singular translative)
Neptunuksiksemme (plural translative)
Neptunuksettamme (abessive singular)
Neptunuksittamme (abessive plural)
Neptunuksinemme (comitative plural)
Neptunuksenne (nominative singular)
Neptunuksenne (nominative plural)
Neptunuksenne (accusative nominative singular)
Neptunuksenne (accusative nominative plural)
Neptunuksenne (accusative genitive singular)
Neptunuksenne (accusative genitive plural)
Neptunuksenne (genitive singular)
Neptunustenne (genitive plural)
Neptunuksienne (genitive plural)
Neptunustanne (partitive singular)
Neptunuksianne (partitive plural)
Neptunuksessanne (inessive singular)
Neptunuksissanne (inessive plural)
Neptunuksestanne (elative singular)
Neptunuksistanne (elative plural)
Neptunukseenne (illative singular)
Neptunuksiinne (illative plural)
Neptunuksellanne (adessive singular)
Neptunuksillanne (adessive plural)
Neptunukseltanne (ablative singular)
Neptunuksiltanne (ablative plural)
Neptunuksellenne (allative singular)
Neptunuksillenne (allative plural)
Neptunuksenanne (essive singular)
Neptunuksinanne (essive plural)
Neptunukseksenne (singular translative)
Neptunuksiksenne (plural translative)
Neptunuksettanne (abessive singular)
Neptunuksittanne (abessive plural)
Neptunuksinenne (comitative plural)
Neptunuksensa (nominative singular)
Neptunuksensa (nominative plural)
Neptunuksensa (accusative nominative singular)
Neptunuksensa (accusative nominative plural)
Neptunuksensa (accusative genitive singular)
Neptunuksensa (accusative genitive plural)
Neptunuksensa (genitive singular)
Neptunustensa (genitive plural)
Neptunuksiensa (genitive plural)
Neptunustaan (partitive singular)
Neptunustansa (partitive singular)
Neptunuksiaan (partitive plural)
Neptunuksiansa (partitive plural)
Neptunuksessaan (inessive singular)
Neptunuksessansa (inessive singular)
Neptunuksissaan (inessive plural)
Neptunuksissansa (inessive plural)
Neptunuksestaan (elative singular)
Neptunuksestansa (elative singular)
Neptunuksistaan (elative plural)
Neptunuksistansa (elative plural)
Neptunukseensa (illative singular)
Neptunuksiinsa (illative plural)
Neptunuksellaan (adessive singular)
Neptunuksellansa (adessive singular)
Neptunuksillaan (adessive plural)
Neptunuksillansa (adessive plural)
Neptunukseltaan (ablative singular)
Neptunukseltansa (ablative singular)
Neptunuksiltaan (ablative plural)
Neptunuksiltansa (ablative plural)
Neptunukselleen (allative singular)
Neptunuksellensa (allative singular)
Neptunuksilleen (allative plural)
Neptunuksillensa (allative plural)
Neptunuksenaan (essive singular)
Neptunuksenansa (essive singular)
Neptunuksinaan (essive plural)
Neptunuksinansa (essive plural)
Neptunuksekseen (singular translative)
Neptunukseksensa (singular translative)
Neptunuksikseen (plural translative)
Neptunuksiksensa (plural translative)
Neptunuksettaan (abessive singular)
Neptunuksettansa (abessive singular)
Neptunuksittaan (abessive plural)
Neptunuksittansa (abessive plural)
Neptunuksineen (comitative plural)
Neptunuksinensa (comitative plural)


Neptunus

la-proper noun

Neptūnus m (genitive Neptūnī); second declension

Neptūnus (canonical masculine)
Neptūnī (genitive)
Neptūnus (nominative singular)
Neptūnī (nominative plural)
Neptūnī (genitive singular)
Neptūnōrum (genitive plural)
Neptūnō (dative singular)
Neptūnīs (dative plural)
Neptūnum (accusative singular)
Neptūnōs (accusative plural)
Neptūnō (ablative singular)
Neptūnīs (ablative plural)
Neptūne (singular vocative)
Neptūnī (plural vocative)

q

Old French: netun (“marine monster”), nuiton (alteration through confusion with nuit, "night")

Middle French: luiton (alteration through confusion with luire, "to glow")

French: lutin (alteration of luiton), nuton (regional, Ardennes françaises), luiton (regional, Dauphiné)

Walloon: nûton

→ Catalan: Neptú

→ French: Neptune

→ Galician: Neptuno

→ Italian: Nettuno

→ Portuguese: Neptuno

→ Romanian: Neptun

→ Spanish: Neptuno

Probably from Proto-Italic *neptūnos, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud, moisture, mist”), but this is disputed; see Neptune.

der

(Roman mythology) Neptune (god of the sea)


Neptunus

English: Neptune

(mythology) The Roman god governing the sea; Neptune.


eudemonia

eudemonia (nominative singular)
eudemonii (genitive singular)
eudemonii (dative singular)
eudemonię (accusative singular)
eudemonią (instrumental singular)
eudemonii (locative singular)
eudemonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονία (eudaimonía).

lbor

(Ancient Greece, philosophy) Alternative form of eudajmonia


Makedonien

de-proper noun

Makedonien n (proper noun, strong, genitive Makedoniens)

Macedonia (ancient Greek kingdom; region of northern Greece; modern geographical region)


Pleiad

(Greek mythology) Any one of the Pleiades.


triumvirate

From Latin triumvīrātus, from triumvirī (“triumvirs”) + -ātus (“-ate”).

An official group of three people, especially a ruling council of three men and particularly (historical) two such councils in Roman history.


oread

From Latin Orēas, Orēadis, from Ancient Greek Ὀρειάς (Oreiás), from ὄρος (óros, “mountain”).

The imprisoned ringlets are emancipated; 'fresh as the oread from the forest fountain,' you descend—you breathe the incense of the chocolate—not more I hope—and grow conversational and confidential over the green tea, which, with a fragrance beyond all the violets of April, rises to your lip, 'giving and taking odours.'

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 92:

(Greek mythology) A mountain nymph; an anthropomorphic appearance of the spirit of a mountain.


Sisyphus

Indeed, I have looked upon the fable of Sisyphus as an allegory, and that his wife was the stone which so perpetually rolled back upon his hands, effectually retarding his weary progress up-hill.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A Proposal of Marriage”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 132:

(Greek mythology) Son of Aeolus and Enarete, and king of Ephyra, as tragic figure doomed eternally to roll a boulder up a hill in Tartarus, a part of Hades.


Sisyphus

Sisyphus m (proper noun, strong, genitive Sisyphus)

Borrowed from Latin Sīsyphus, from Ancient Greek Σίσυφος (Sísuphos).


spartan

spartan (indefinite nominative singular)
spartans (genitive indefinite singular)
spartanen (definite nominative singular)
spartanens (definite genitive singular)
spartaner (indefinite nominative plural)
spartaners (genitive indefinite plural)
spartanerna (definite nominative plural)
spartanernas (definite genitive plural)

From Latin spartanus, equivalent to Sparta + -an.

Spartan, inhabitant of the ancient Greek town of Sparta


nebris

From Latin nebris, from Ancient Greek νεβρίς (nebrís), earlier νεβρός (nebrós, “fawn”).

(Greek mythology) The skin of a fawn, as worn by Dionysus, and as worn in his honor by his male followers and female followers (maenads) and other votaries in Ancient Greece. It has also been shown as a panther or fox skin in different contexts.


Classical Latin

The Latin language as spoken and written in formal speeches, literature, the arts, etc., by the ancient Romans.

لَاتِينِيَّة كْلَاسِيكِيَّة

Latin language as spoken and written formally


aedile

From Latin aedīlis (“commissioner or magistrate”).

bor

Some of these encroachments may have received permission from the town council or the local aediles. A handful of painted notices found on the outside of the Amphitheatre suggest that it was the aediles who authorised the street vendors plying their trade underneath the monument’s arches, and assigned their pitches: ‘By permission of the aediles. Licensed to Caius Aninius Fortunatus’ etc., as the faint and fragmentary Latin seems to say.

2010, Mary Beard, chapter 2, in Pompeii: The Life of a Roman Town:

(historical, Ancient Rome) An elected official who was responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, regulation of festivals, supervision of markets and the supply of grain and water.


Mithraic

From Mithras + -ic. First attested in English circa 1678. More at Mithras.

[T]hat the Druids deliberately adopted Mithraic, Serapic or other exotic rituals is, to me, unthinkable.

1928, Lewis Spence, Mysteries of Britain, page xii. 249:


Silvius

From Latin Silvius, from silva (“forest”).

(Roman mythology) The son of Ascanius and his wife.


Sylvia

Feminine form of a Medieval form of Silvius, from Latin silva (“forest”). In myths, Rhea Silvia was the mother of famous twins Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome. 6th-century saint Silvia was the mother of the pope Gregory the Great.

(Roman mythology) Short for Princess Rhea Silvia, the mother of Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome.


helot

From Latin Hīlōta, from Ancient Greek Εἵλωτες (Heílōtes), possibly from ἁλίσκομαι (halískomai, “to be captured, to be made prisoner”) or from Ἕλος (Hélos, “Elos”), a Laconian town.

[…] when one of their kings dies, not only the Spartans, but a certain number of the country people from every part of Laconia are forced, whether they will or no, to attend the funeral. So these persons and the helots, and likewise the Spartans themselves, flock together to the number of several thousands, men and women intermingled; and all of them smite their foreheads violently, and weep and wall without stint, saying always that their last king was the best.

1942, “Erato”, in George Rawlinson, transl., The Persian Wars, translation of original by Herodotus:

(historical, Ancient Greece) A member of the ancient Spartan class of serfs.


helot

helot (indefinite nominative singular)
helots (genitive indefinite singular)
heloten (definite nominative singular)
helotens (definite genitive singular)
heloter (indefinite nominative plural)
heloters (genitive indefinite plural)
heloterna (definite nominative plural)
heloternas (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Εἵλωτες (Heílōtes).


Clymene

(Greek mythology) A nymph married to Iapetus, mother of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius and Atlas.


calends

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-calends.wav

From Middle English calendes, calendas, calendis, kalandes, kalendas, kalendes, kalendez, kalendis, kalendus (also in the singular forms calende, kalend, kalende), from Latin kalendās, accusative plural of kalendae (“first day of a Roman month”), an archaic variant of calandae, from calandus (“which is to be called or announced solemnly”), the future passive participle of calō (“to call, announce solemnly”) (referring to the Roman practice of proclaiming the first days of the lunar month upon seeing the first signs of a new crescent moon), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”). Although the singular form calend (now obsolete, rare) appeared in English (and compare Old English calend, kalendus (“calends; a month”)), no singular form was used in Latin as recurring days of the calendar were always referred to in the plural.
Sense 2 (“a day for settling debts and other accounts”) refers to the Roman practice of fixing the calends as the day for debts to be paid.

nb...

Containing an Account of Their Manners, Customs, Diversions, Religious Rites, Philosophy, Festivals, Oracles, Laws, Arts, Engines of War, Weights, Measures, Money, Medals, Computation and Division of Time, Chronological Terms, Heresies in the Primitive Church, &c. &c.

Often with initial capital: the first day of a month.

(historical, Ancient Rome) The first day of a month of the Roman calendar.


Hyperborea

From Ancient Greek ὑπερβόρεος (huperbóreos), i.e. ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + βόρειος (bóreios, “northern”).

(Greek mythology) the land of sunshine and plenty, beyond the northern wind, home to the hyperboreans, a race of giants

Hyperborea

The mythical land of sunshine and plenty


bakchoi

From Ancient Greek βάκχοι (bákkhoi), from Βάκχος (Bákkhos).

(Ancient Greece) In the Eleusinian Mysteries, the branches that initiates swung along the ground along the Sacred Way, the 22-kilometer pilgrimage from Athens to Eleusis.


Caesarian

From Caesar + -ian, but see also Caesarean section § Etymology.

(British) Alternative spelling of Caesarean.


Cassandra

From Ancient Greek Κασσάνδρα (Kassándra).

And so when Cassandra foretold the evils that were to come upon Troy, even her own people would not credit her words.

1897, Michael Clarke, The Story of Troy, page 30:

(Greek mythology) A prophetess who was daughter of King Priam of Troy and his queen Hecuba. She captured the eye of Apollo and was granted the ability to see the future; however, she was destined never to be believed.


Auster

For a Tempeſt. Take Eurus, Zephyr, Auſter and Boreas, and caſt them together in one Verſe. Add to theſe of Rain, Lightning, and of Thunder (the loudeſt you can) quantum ſufficit. Mix your Clouds and Billows well together till they foam, and thicken your Deſcription here and there with a Quickſand. Brew your Tempeſt well in your Head, before you ſet it a blowing.

1714 June 10, [Alexander Pope], The Guardian, volume I, number 78, London: Printed for J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, page 332:

(Roman mythology) The god of the south wind.


Cimmerian

/sɪˈmɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/

From the Latin Cimmerius, from Ancient Greek Κιμμέριος (Kimmérios, “pertaining to the Cimmerii”) + -an.

der

The city, there, of the Cimmerians stands
With clouds and darkness veil’d, on whom the sun
Deigns not to look with his beam-darting eye,

1791, Homer, translated by William Cowper, The Odyssey of Homer:

On their mysterious shores were the improbable homes of impossible peoples. The Great Sea, the Broad Sea, the Boundless Sea; the Ethiopians, "dwelling far away, the most distant of men," and the Cimmerians, "covered with darkness and cloud," where "baleful night is spread over timid mortals."

1900, Jack London, The Shrinkage of the Planet:

(Greek mythology) Any of the mythical people supposed to inhabit a land of perpetual darkness.

Κιμμέριος

any of the mythical people supposed to inhabit a land of perpetual darkness


Chimaera

la-proper noun

Chimaera f sg (genitive Chimaerae); first declension

Chimaerae (genitive)
Chimaera (nominative singular)
Chimaerae (genitive singular)
Chimaerae (dative singular)
Chimaeram (accusative singular)
Chimaerā (ablative singular)
Chimaera (singular vocative)

[kʰɪˈmäe̯rä]

From Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing Lycian monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”).


epithalamium

en-noun

epithalamium (plural epithalamiums or epithalamia)

epithalamiums (plural)
epithalamia (plural)

/ɛpɪθəˈleɪmɪəm/

Learned borrowing from Latin epithalamium, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιθαλάμιον (epithalámion, “bridal song”), neuter form of ἐπιθαλάμιος (epithalámios), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + θάλαμος (thálamos, “inner chamber, wedding chamber”).

der

Softly she laughed and sighed, and swift her glances flew. She shook her heavy tresses, and their perfume filled the place; she struck her little sandalled foot upon the floor, and hummed a snatch of some old Greek epithalamium.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

He has wittily redone a tardy epithalamium and some nursery rhymes ("Three blind eunuchs"), and deftly catches the cozy lawnfuls of plastic dwarfs and flamingos, outside the kenneled people.

1976, Choice - Volume 13, Issues 8-12, page 1300:


hamadryad

en-noun

hamadryad (plural hamadryads or hamadryades)

hamadryads (plural)
hamadryades (plural)

From Latin Hamadryas, from Ancient Greek Ἁμαδρυάς (Hamadruás), from ἅμα (háma, “together”) + δρῦς (drûs, “tree”).

af

The hamadryades have gone, like the golden fancies of which they were engendered—morning dreams of a young world scarce awake, but full of freshness and beauty. Yet often will the thought, or rather the fancy, come across me, that this wailing but most musical noise—heard in the dim evening, when every tree has a separate sound like a separate instrument, and every leaf a differing tone like the differing notes—is the piteous lament of some nymph pent within the gray and mossy trunk whence she may never more emerge in visible loveliness.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVIII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 301:

The various supports, rafters, braces and plates are of pandanus logs of a rich oily brown, and make one think of a sylvan cathedral where hamadryads might very well dance, where Syrinx might be chased by Pan, Daphne by Apollo, and various other heathen rites take place in the dark hours before the dawn.

1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka, Eland, published 2019, page 106:

(Greek mythology) A wood-nymph who was physically a part of her tree; she would die if her tree were felled.


hetaera

From Ancient Greek ἑταῖρα (hetaîra), feminine of ἑταῖρος (hetaîros, “companion”).

Coordinate term: courtesan

But of course our friend is only a shallow twentieth-century reproduction of the great hetairae of the past, the type to which she belongs without knowing it, Lais, Charis and the rest...

(historical, Ancient Greece) A highly cultivated hired female companion who would entertain upper-class male clients and might perform sex acts for them.


hyperborean

/hʌɪ.pəˈbɔː.ɹɪən/

From Late Latin hyperboreanus, cognate with Classical Latin hyperboreus, from Ancient Greek ὑπερβόρεος (huperbóreos), composed of ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + βόρειος (bóreios, “northern”). See also Ὑπερβόρεοι (Huperbóreoi).

The Hyperboreans venerated Apollo over the other gods.

(Greek mythology, usually capitalised) One of a race of people living in the extreme north, beyond the north wind.

Hyperboréen

(Greek mythology), one a race of people living in the extreme north


κεφαλή

grc-noun

κεφᾰλή • (kephalḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension

κεφᾰλή (canonical)
kephalḗ (romanization)
κεφᾰλῆς (genitive)
ἡ κεφᾰλή (nominative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ κεφᾰλαί (nominative plural)
τῆς κεφᾰλῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κεφᾰλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κεφᾰλῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν κεφᾰλαῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς κεφᾰλαῖς (dative plural)
τὴν κεφᾰλήν (accusative singular)
τὼ κεφᾰλᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κεφᾰλᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
κεφᾰλή (singular vocative)
κεφᾰλᾱ́ (dual vocative)
κεφᾰλαί (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ (kephalē)

→ English: cephalo-

Greek: κεφαλή (kefalí)

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰepʰəlā́, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-l̥ (“head”) + *-éh₂ (“nominal suffix”). Compare κεβλή (keblḗ). False cognate of Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla).

a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line").


ᾍδης

grc-proper noun

ᾍδης • (Hā́idēs) m (genitive ᾍδου); first declension

Hā́idēs (romanization)
ᾍδου (genitive)
ὁ ᾍδης (nominative singular)
τοῦ ᾍδου (genitive singular)
τῷ ᾍδῃ (dative singular)
τὸν ᾍδην (accusative singular)
ᾍδη (singular vocative)
Ἀΐδης (nominative singular)
Ἀΐδᾱο (genitive singular)
Ἀΐδε͜ω (genitive singular)
Ἀΐδω (genitive singular)
Ἀΐδῃ (dative singular)
Ἀΐδην (accusative singular)
Ἀΐδη (singular vocative)

Greek: Άδης (Ádis)

→ Latin: Hādēs

→ Old Church Slavonic: адъ (adŭ) (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + *weyd- (“see”), literally “that which is unseen”, equivalent to ἀ- (a-) + εἶδον (eîdon). Compare ἀϊδής (aïdḗs, “invisible”).
Puhvel (1987) argues that it is from *sm̥weyd- (from *sm̥- (compounding stem) + *weyd- (“see”), literally “see-together” or “uniter”), equivalent to ἁ- (ha-) + εἶδον (eîdon), cognate with Russian свида́ние (svidánije, “see each other”), and partly in Sanskrit संगमनं जनानां (saṃgamanaṃ janānāṃ, literally “ingatherer of people”), where *weyd- is replaced with *gʷem-.

noncog

संगमनं जनानां

(Greek mythology) Hades (a mythological location, the underworld in Ancient Greek religion)


Ῥώμη

grc-proper noun

Ῥώμη • (Rhṓmē) f (genitive Ῥώμης); first declension

Rhṓmē (romanization)
Ῥώμης (genitive)
ἡ Ῥώμη (nominative singular)
τῆς Ῥώμης (genitive singular)
τῇ Ῥώμῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Ῥώμην (accusative singular)
Ῥώμη (singular vocative)

Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)

→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)

→ Aramaic: רומא

desc

Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ

Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)

→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)

Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)

→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)

→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)

Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)

→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)

Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)

Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)

desctree

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)
Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)


lustrum

refn

From the collection of the Louvre in Paris, France.

We puſh Time from us, and we wiſh Him back; / Laviſh of Luſtrums, and yet fond of Life; / Life we think long, and ſhort; Death ſeek, and ſhun; […]

1742–1745, [Edward Young], “Night the Second. On Time, Death, Friendship. Humbly Inscrib’d to the Right Honourable the Earl of Wilmington.”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 29, lines 172–174:

Thus passed away two lustra of her life, and, as yet, my daughter remained nameless upon the earth. "My child," and "my love," were the designations usually prompted by a father's affection, and the rigid seclusion of her days precluded all other intercourse. Morella's name died with her at her death. Of the mother I had never spoken to the daughter;—it was impossible to speak.

1835 April, Edgar Allan Poe, “Morella”, in The Southern Literary Messenger: Devoted to Every Department of Literature, and the Fine Arts, Richmond, Va.: T. W. White, →OCLC; republished in The Works of Edgar Allan Poe: In Four Volumes, volume I, New York, N.Y.: W. J. Widdleton, publisher, 1849, →OCLC, page 473:

I am hardly, if I do not deceive myself, twenty years old, and already, dearest Rosamunda, there weigh upon my existence twenty lustrums, and of these twenty lustrums I have drunk the bitterness of intranquility even to the dregs, without having done more than touched with my lips the joy of the first days of my childhood beside you.

1852, Adadus Calpe [pseudonym; Antonio Diodoro de Pascual], chapter XIV, in Henry Edgar, transl., The Two Fathers. An Unpublished Original Spanish Work. … Translated into the English Language by the Author, and Henry Edgar. Part Second: Hector Alone, New York, N.Y.: Stringer & Townsend, publishers, […]; George P[almer] Putnam, […], →OCLC, page 189:

Q. Now, sir, if you would be so kind as to guess upon his age. / A. Forty five years are certain. I would guess a lustrum more.

1985, John Fowles, A Maggot, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN:

(by extension, literary) Synonym of quinquennium: Any 5-year period.


legate

From late Old English, from Old French legat, from Latin legatus (nominal use of perfect passive participle of lego (“bequeath, send as envoy”)).

Legate, I had the news last night—my cohort ordered home
By ships to Portus Itius and thence by road to Rome.

1911, Rudyard Kipling, “The Roman Centurion’s Song”, in The History of England:

The deputy of a provincial governor or general in ancient Rome.


cognomen

en-noun

cognomen (plural cognomens or cognomina)

From Latin cognōmen, from con- (“with”) + nōmen (“name; family name”).

af

Julius Caesar's actual name was Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius was his praenomen or forename, Iulius his nomen or surname, and Caesar his cognomen, denoting which part of the Iulius family he belonged to.

Roman tradition suggests that he might also have had the cognomen Octavian to indicate his biological family.

2007, David Potter, chapter 1, in The Emperors of Rome, page 36:

"Five hundred years or more afterwards, the family migrated to Rome under circumstances of which no trace remains, and here, probably with the idea of preserving the idea of vengeance which we find set out in the name of Tisisthenes, they appear to have pretty regularly assumed the cognomen of Vindex, or Avenger."

(historical) A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans.

Cognomen

the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome


cognomen

la-noun

cognōmen n (genitive cognōminis); third declension

cognōmen (canonical neuter)
cognōminis (genitive)
cognōmen (nominative singular)
cognōmina (nominative plural)
cognōminis (genitive singular)
cognōminum (genitive plural)
cognōminī (dative singular)
cognōminibus (dative plural)
cognōmen (accusative singular)
cognōmina (accusative plural)
cognōmine (ablative singular)
cognōminibus (ablative plural)
cognōmen (singular vocative)
cognōmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: cognom

→ English: cognomen

→ French: cognomen

→ Italian: cognome
→ Cimbrian: konjåm

→ Portuguese: cognome

→ Romanian: cognomen

→ Sicilian: cugnumi

→ Spanish: cognome

From con- (“together, with”) + nōmen (“name”). The g is from false association, or analogy, with cognōscō (“recognize”)


Πόντος

grc-proper noun

Πόντος • (Póntos) m (genitive Πόντου); second declension

Póntos (romanization)
Πόντου (genitive)
ὁ Πόντος (nominative singular)
τοῦ Πόντου (genitive singular)
τῷ Πόντῳ (dative singular)
τὸν Πόντον (accusative singular)
Πόντε (singular vocative)

German: Pontos

Greek: Πόντος (Póntos)

Pontic Greek: Πόντος (Póntos)

→ Latin: Pontus
→ English: Pontus

→ Old Georgian: პონტოჲ (ṗonṭoy)

→ Persian: پنطس (Pontos), بنطس (Bontos)

Ottoman Turkish: پنطس (Pontos)

→ Turkish: Pontos

From πόντος (póntos, “sea”), attested in Mycenaean Greek as 𐀡𐀵 (po-to). Homeric Greek used πόντος (póntos) for any sea but it later began to refer specifically to the Black Sea and then to the Hellenic kingdom on its southeastern shore.


λεγεών

grc-noun

λεγεών • (legeṓn) m (genitive λεγεῶνος); third declension

legeṓn (romanization)
λεγεῶνος (genitive)
ἡ λεγεών (nominative singular)
τὼ λεγεῶνε (dual nominative)
αἱ λεγεῶνες (nominative plural)
τῆς λεγεῶνος (genitive singular)
τοῖν λεγεώνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν λεγεώνων (genitive plural)
τῇ λεγεῶνῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν λεγεώνοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς λεγεῶσῐ (dative plural)
λεγεῶσῐν (dative plural)
taîs legeôsi (dative plural)
taîs legeôsin (dative plural)
τὴν λεγεῶνᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ λεγεῶνε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς λεγεῶνᾰς (accusative plural)
λεγεών (singular vocative)
λεγεῶνε (dual vocative)
λεγεῶνες (plural vocative)

Greek: λεγεώνα (legeóna)

→ Aramaic: לגיונא

→ Coptic: ⲗⲉⲅⲉⲱⲛ (legeōn)

→ Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍉𐌽 (laigaiōn)


δηνάριον

δηνάριον • (dēnárion) n (genitive δηναρίου); second declension

dēnárion (romanization)
δηναρίου (genitive)
τὸ δηνάριον (nominative singular)
τὼ δηναρίω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ δηνάριᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ δηναρίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δηναρίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δηναρίων (genitive plural)
τῷ δηναρίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δηναρίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δηναρίοις (dative plural)
τὸ δηνάριον (accusative singular)
τὼ δηναρίω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ δηνάριᾰ (accusative plural)
δηνάριον (singular vocative)
δηναρίω (dual vocative)
δηνάριᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: δηνάριον (dinárion)

→ Romanian: dinar

→ Aramaic: (perhaps through Koine Greek)

Jewish Aramaic: דֵּינָרָא (dēnārā)

desc

→ Old Armenian: դենար (denar), դինար (dinar)

→ Old Georgian: დინარი (dinari)

→ Sanskrit: दीनार (dīnāra)


Ἄρτεμις

grc-proper noun

Ἄρτεμις • (Ártemis) f (genitive Ἀρτέμιδος); third declension

Ártemis (romanization)
Ἀρτέμιδος (genitive)
ἡ Ἄρτεμῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀρτέμῐδος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀρτέμῐδῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀρτέμῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἄρτεμῐν (accusative singular)
Ἄρτεμῐ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Ἀρτέμῐδᾰ, Ἄρτεμῐν

desc

Greek: Άρτεμις (Ártemis), Αρτέμιδα (Artémida), Άρτεμη (Ártemi)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲥ (artemis)

→ Latin: Artemis

→ Old Armenian: Արտեմիս (Artemis)

→ Russian: Артеми́да (Artemída)

Uncertain. Attested from an early date as Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀳𐀖𐀵 (a-te-mi-to) and Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀴𐀖𐀳 (a-ti-mi-te); this and its alternation of e and i led Beekes and Georgios Babiniotis to suggest the name is from a Pre-Greek substrate. A connection to Anatolian names has also been suggested; Artemis was venerated in Lydia as Artimus. Ancient Greek writers, by way of folk etymology, linked the name (found in Doric as Artamis) to ἄρταμος (ártamos, “butcher”) or ἀρτεμής (artemḗs, “safe, unharmed; pure; maiden”). Others compare Artemis to the Cretan Britomartis, with whom she was syncretized.

(Greek mythology) Artemis, one of the Greek goddesses.

Artemis
Britomartis
Georgios Babiniotis
Lydia Baumbach
Robert S. P. Beekes


Ἑρμῆς

grc-proper noun

Ἑρμῆς • (Hermês) m (genitive Ἑρμοῦ); first declension

Hermês (romanization)
Ἑρμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ Ἑρμῆς (nominative singular)
τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ (genitive singular)
τῷ Ἑρμῇ (dative singular)
Ἑρμέᾳ (dative singular)
τὸν Ἑρμῆν (accusative singular)
Ἑρμῆ (singular vocative)
Ἑρμῆς (nominative singular)
Ἑρμοῦ (genitive singular)
Ἑρμέω (genitive singular)
Ἑρμῇ (dative singular)
Ἑρμέᾳ (dative singular)
Ἑρμῆν (accusative singular)
Ἑρμέην (accusative singular)
Ἑρμῆ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

The accusative singular <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">Ἑρμῆ</i> (Hermê) is found in the later language

Ἑρμοῦ, Ἑρμέω

Ἑρμῆν, Ἑρμέην

→ Coptic: ⲉⲣⲙⲏⲥ (ermēs)

Greek: Ερμής (Ermís)

→ Latin: Hermēs

→ English: Hermes

→ French: Hermès

→ Spanish: Hermes

desctree

→ Old Armenian: Հերմէս (Hermēs)
Armenian: Հերմես (Hermes)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: Ермисъ (Ermisŭ), Ермии (Ermii)

→ Russian: Герме́с (Germés)

Uncertain origin; usually linked to ἕρμα (hérma, “heap of stones”), itself of non-Indo-European substrate origin or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”). Beekes instead suggests a Pre-Greek origin. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀔𐁀 (e-ma-ha).


Ῥωμαῖος

grc-noun

Ῥωμαῖος • (Rhōmaîos) m (genitive Ῥωμαίου); second declension

Rhōmaîos (romanization)
Ῥωμαίου (genitive)
ὁ Ῥωμαῖος (nominative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμαίω (dual nominative)
οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ Ῥωμαίου (genitive singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Ῥωμαίων (genitive plural)
τῷ Ῥωμαίῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις (dative plural)
τὸν Ῥωμαῖον (accusative singular)
τὼ Ῥωμαίω (accusative dual)
τοὺς Ῥωμαίους (accusative plural)
Ῥωμαῖε (singular vocative)
Ῥωμαίω (dual vocative)
Ῥωμαῖοι (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: Ρωμιός (Romiós, “(Byzantine) Greek”), Ρωμιοί pl (Romioí); Ρωμαίος (Romaíos, “Roman”), Ρωμαίοι pl (Romaíoi)

Mariupol Greek: руме́юс (rumjéjus)

→ Arabic: رُوم (rūm)

→ Coptic: ⲣⲱⲙⲉⲟⲥ (rōmeos)

→ English: Rhomaian

→ Late Latin: Rōmaeus, Rōmaei pl

Italo-Romance:

Italian: romeo

Sicilian: Rumìu, Rumeu

Padanian:

Piedmontese: romé, romèj

Northern Gallo-Romance:

⇒ Franco-Provençal: romeâjo

→? Piedmontese: rumiagi

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: romeu

Occitan: romiu, romieu

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Leonese: romío

Old Galician-Portuguese: romeu

→ Galician: romeiro (semi-learned)

→ Portuguese: romeiro (semi-learned)

Old Spanish: romeo

→ Spanish: romero (semi-learned)

→ Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (Hrōmāy-īg)

հռովմայ-ական

→ Old Armenian: հռովմայ-ական (hṙovmay-akan), հռովմայ-եցի (hṙovmay-ecʻi)

Armenian: հռոմեական (hṙomeakan), հռոմեացի (hṙomeacʻi)

→ Sogdian: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫗 (βrʾwmʾyʾn /frōmāyān/, “Roman, Byzantine”)

From Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).

suffix

(in the Byzantine Empire) a citizen of the Byzantine Empire

(in the Byzantine Empire, after the Great Schism) an Eastern Orthodox Christian


Gallic

en-adj

Gallic (comparative more Gallic, superlative most Gallic)

more Gallic (comparative)
most Gallic (superlative)

From Latin Gallicus (“of or related to Gaul”), from Gallia (“Gaul”) + -icus (“-ic: forming adj.”), used archaically in New Latin and English in reference to modern France.

bor

(historical) Of or related to Gaul or the Gauls.

gal

of or relating to ancient Gaul or its inhabitants


Hellenic

From Ancient Greek Ἑλληνικός (Hellēnikós, “of or relating to Greece or Greeks”), from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “Greece”), equivalent to Hellen + -ic.
The English term is a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek formed in the 17th-century, attested from ca. 1640.

der

The Greek language and its dialects from the earliest records (Linear B inscriptions, about 1600-1300 B.C.E.) to the present Modern Greek.


panther

From Middle English panter, panther, pantere, from Old French pantere, from Latin panthēra, from Ancient Greek πάνθηρ (pánthēr, “panther”).

(mythology, heraldry) A creature resembling a big cat, typically incensed (“emitting fire”), and often having a multicolored hide, found in Ancient Greek mythology and in medieval and later heraldry (in which its depiction sometimes approaches that of a horse).


oecus

Borrowed from Latin oecus, from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”).

(history) An apartment, room, or hall in an ancient Roman dwelling house.


Nikta

Nȉkta (canonical feminine)
Ни̏кта (Cyrillic)
Nikta (nominative singular)
Nikte (genitive singular)
Nikti (dative singular)
Niktu (accusative singular)
Nikto (singular vocative)
Nikti (locative singular)
Niktom (instrumental singular)

(Greek mythology) Nyx (Greek goddess of the night)


Ника

Ни́ка (canonical)
Níka (romanization)
Ни́ки (genitive)
Ни́ка (nominative singular)
Ни́ки (genitive singular)
Ни́ке (dative singular)
Ни́ку (accusative singular)
Ни́кой (instrumental singular)
Ни́кою (instrumental singular)
Ни́ке (prepositional singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Νίκη (Níkē).


Ника

Ни́ка (canonical feminine)
Níka (romanization)
Ни́ка (nominative singular)
Ника (genitive singular)
Ники (dative singular)
Нику (accusative singular)
Нике (singular vocative)
Ники (locative singular)
Ником (instrumental singular)


Никта

bg-proper noun

Ни́кта • (Níkta) m

Ми́масЕнцела́дТе́тидаДио́наРе́яТита́нЯпе́т


Никта

Ни̏кта (canonical feminine)
Nȉkta (romanization)
Никта (nominative singular)
Никте (genitive singular)
Никти (dative singular)
Никту (accusative singular)
Никто (singular vocative)
Никти (locative singular)
Никтом (instrumental singular)


Арес

А́рес • (Áres) m


Арес

ru-proper noun+

Аре́с//Arɛ́s

Аре́с • (Arɛ́s) m anim (genitive Аре́са)

Аре́с (canonical)
Arɛ́s (romanization)
Аре́са (genitive)
Аре́с (nominative singular)
Аре́са (genitive singular)
Аре́су (dative singular)
Аре́са (accusative singular)
Аре́сом (instrumental singular)
Аре́се (prepositional singular)


Арес

А̑рес (canonical masculine)
Ȃres (romanization)


Afrodita

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē).


Afrodita

Afrodita (nominative singular)
Afrodity (genitive singular)
Afroditě (dative singular)
Afroditu (accusative singular)
Afrodito (singular vocative)
Afroditě (locative singular)
Afroditou (instrumental singular)


Afrodita

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Afrodito (“Aphrodite”)


Afrodita

From Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē).


Afrodita

sh-proper noun

Afròdita f (Cyrillic spelling Афро̀дита)

Afròdita (canonical feminine)
Афро̀дита (Cyrillic)
Afrodita (nominative singular)
Afrodite (nominative plural)
Afrodite (genitive singular)
Afrodita (genitive plural)
Afroditi (dative singular)
Afroditama (dative plural)
Afroditu (accusative singular)
Afrodite (accusative plural)
Afrodito (singular vocative)
Afrodita (singular vocative)
Afrodite (plural vocative)
Afroditi (locative singular)
Afroditama (locative plural)
Afroditom (instrumental singular)
Afroditama (instrumental plural)


Afrodita

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē), usually connected with ἀφρός (aphrós, “sea foam, froth”), but possibly of Semitic origin.


Афродита

ru-proper noun+

Афроди́та • (Afrodíta) f anim (genitive Афроди́ты, nominative plural Афроди́ты, genitive plural Афроди́т)

Афроди́та (canonical)
Afrodíta (romanization)
Афроди́ты (genitive)
Афроди́ты (nominative plural)
Афроди́т (genitive plural)
Афроди́та (nominative singular)
Афроди́ты (nominative plural)
Афроди́ты (genitive singular)
Афроди́т (genitive plural)
Афроди́те (dative singular)
Афроди́там (dative plural)
Афроди́ту (accusative singular)
Афроди́т (accusative plural)
Афроди́той (instrumental singular)
Афроди́тою (instrumental singular)
Афроди́тами (instrumental plural)
Афроди́те (prepositional singular)
Афроди́тах (plural prepositional)
Афроди́та (dated nominative singular)
Афроди́ты (dated nominative plural)
Афроди́ты (dated genitive singular)
Афроди́тъ (dated genitive plural)
Афроди́тѣ (dated dative singular)
Афроди́тамъ (dated dative plural)
Афроди́ту (accusative dated singular)
Афроди́тъ (accusative dated plural)
Афроди́той (dated instrumental singular)
Афроди́тою (dated instrumental singular)
Афроди́тами (dated instrumental plural)
Афроди́тѣ (dated prepositional singular)
Афроди́тахъ (dated plural prepositional)

Аф‧ро‧ди́‧та


Афродита

Афро̀дита (canonical feminine)
Afròdita (romanization)


Pict

From Latin Pictus, probably rendering a Pictish autonym; see the Latin entry for details. Compare Old English Peohtas, which appears to show the effects of Grimm's law.

A member of an ancient people of northern and central Scotland.


consul

From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.

konsull

official who protects the interests of citizens

(historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

قُنْصُل

either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic

early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia


tribune

From Middle English tribune, from Old French tribun, tribune, from Latin tribunus (“tribune, tribal leader”), from tribus (“tribe”).

der

tribune of the plebs
tribune of the plebs

(historical) An elected official in Ancient Rome, a tribune of the plebs.


tribune

English: tribune

From Old French tribun, tribune, from Latin tribūnus.

A Roman military tribune or similar leader of a thousand soldiers.

A Roman plebeian tribune or similar leader of a thousand civilians.


tet

en-noun

tet (countable and uncountable, plural tets)

(uncountable, informal, medicine) The tetralogy of Fallot.

(countable, informal, medicine) A patient with tetralogy of Fallot.


Golden Fleece

[ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩ ˈfliːs]

(Greek mythology) A magical fleece from a winged ram guarded by the hydra in the tale of Jason and the Argonauts.


Proto-Greek

The earliest form of the Greek language, the common ancestor of the Greek dialects, including Mycenaean and the classical Greek dialects; the language was already spoken by the ancestors of the Greeks in the Balkans (i.e. Greece) during the Neolithic period or the Bronze Age.


Athenian

(Greek mythology) Of or related to Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, technology, and skillful warfare.


Pollux

From Latin Pollūx, from Ancient Greek Πολυδεύκης (Poludeúkēs).

(Greek mythology) One of the Dioscuri, son of Zeus and Leda, brother of Castor.


Hyades

From Middle English Hyades, Yades, from Latin Hyades, from Ancient Greek Ὑάδες (Huádes), nominative and vocative plural of Ὑ̄̆ᾰ́ς (Hūás, “one of the Hyades”).

(Greek mythology) Daughters of the Titan Atlas and sisters of the Pleiades.


Pterelas

(Greek mythology) King of the Teleboans in Plautus' Amphitruo.


Philemon

la-noun

Philēmōn m sg (genitive Philēmonis); third declension

Philēmōn (canonical masculine singular)
Philēmonis (genitive)
Philēmōn (nominative singular)
Philēmonis (genitive singular)
Philēmōnis (genitive singular)
Philēmonī (dative singular)
Philēmōnī (dative singular)
Philēmonem (accusative singular)
Philēmōnem (accusative singular)
Philēmone (ablative singular)
Philēmōne (ablative singular)
Philēmōn (singular vocative)

[pʰɪˈɫ̪eːmoːn]

From Ancient Greek Φιλήμων (Philḗmōn), from φιλήμων (philḗmōn, “kindly, affectionate”), from φιλέω (philéō, “I love”).

(Greek mythology) Philemon (a pious rustic, the husband of Baucis, who gave hospitality to Zeus)


demiurge

From Ancient Greek δημιουργός (dēmiourgós, “one who works for the people; a skilled workman, a handicraftsman”) (whence Latin dēmiūrgus, French démiurge), from δήμιος (dḗmios, “belonging to the people, public”) (from δῆμος (dêmos, “the people”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂mos (“people”), from *deh₂- (“to divide”) + Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *-yós (suffix creating an adjective from a noun)) + Ancient Greek -ουργός (-ourgós, “worker”) (from ἔργον (érgon, “labour; task; work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”)).
No relation with English demi- (as in demigod).

der

The demiurgi were next in power to the prætor, and therefore ſtiled by Polybius and Livy, the ſupreme magiſtrates of the Achæans. They were ten in number, choſen by the general aſſembly from among the moſt eminent men of the whole league for prudence, equity, and experience. It was their office to aſſiſt, with their advice, the prætor, who was to ſay nothing before the aſſembly, but what had been previouſly approved of by the major part of the demiurgi.

1747, George Sale et al., “Sect. III. The History of the Several States of Greece, from the Beginning of the Achæan League to Its Dissolution, and thence Succinctly to the Present Time”, in An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time. […], 2nd edition, volume VII, London: Printed for T[homas] Osborne, […]; A[ndrew] Millar, […]; and J. Osborn, […], →OCLC, book II (The Grecian and Asiatic History), chapter I (The History of Sparta, from Lycurgus, to Its Being Joined by Philpœmen to the Achæans), page 225:

An important Cyrenean inscription of the 4th century, defines the functions of the demiurgi in a given situation and adds that they are discharged by these magistrates in the cities (of Libya), by the hellenodikai in the Temple of Zeus Olympios (i.e. in Olympia), by the amphiktyons at Delphi, and by the hieromnamones in the Temple of Zeus Lykaios (the Lyceum of Arcadia).

1979, Shimon Applebaum, “The Greek Colonization”, in Jews and Greeks in Ancient Cyrene (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity; 28), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 39:

(historical, Ancient Greece) The title of a magistrate in a number of states of Ancient Greece, and in the city states (poleis) of the Achaean League.


Hellen

(Greek mythology) the mythological patriarch of the Hellenes, the son of Deucalion (or sometimes Zeus) and Pyrrha, brother of Amphictyon and father of Aeolus, Xuthus, and Dorus


Hellen

la-proper noun

Hellēn m sg (genitive Hellēnis); third declension

Hellēn (canonical masculine singular)
Hellēnis (genitive)
Hellēn (nominative singular)
Hellēnis (genitive singular)
Hellēnī (dative singular)
Hellēnem (accusative singular)
Hellēne (ablative singular)
Hellēn (singular vocative)

Asturian: helenu

Catalan: hel·lè

French: hellène

Italian: elleno

Portuguese: heleno

Romanian: elen

Spanish: heleno

(Greek mythology) Hellen (mythological patriarch of the Greeks)


Mithraism

Translation (1903) of French mithriacisme, as used in 1899 by Franz Cumont as shorthand for "mystères de Mithra". Cumont was convinced that Mithraism was "Roman Mazdaism", hence his (and earlier) treatments of Latin Mithras and Avestan Mithra as synonyms, and the continuing de-inflection of the Latin name (vocative) as French Mithra.

It has left many monuments of itself here in Britain. At Rome the worship was extremely popular, and it may almost be said to have been a matter of chance whether Mithraism should overwhelm Christianity, or whether the younger religion by adopting many of the rites of the older one should establish itself (as it did) in the face of the latter.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 41:

"Confirmation is mithraism. So is baptism, only it was blood instead of water. As to the sacrificial meal..." Mason put his fingers in his ears.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

An astrology-based, middle-platonic mystery religion of the 1st-4th century Roman Empire that claimed to have been founded by Zoroaster, admitted only men, and was especially popular among the Roman military.


Mithras

Learned borrowing from Latin Mithras. Doublet of Mehr, mitre, and Mitra.

A Roman god, cult figure of the 2nd-to-4th-century Roman mystery religion known as the "Mysteries of Mithras" (now colloquially Mithraism)


Mithras

Mithrās m sg (genitive Mithrae); first declension

Mithrās (canonical masculine singular)
Mithrae (genitive)
Mithrās (nominative singular)
Mithrae (genitive singular)
Mithrae (dative singular)
Mithrān (accusative singular)
Mithrā (ablative singular)
Mithrā (singular vocative)

[ˈmɪt̪ʰräːs̠]

Probably via Ancient Greek Μίθρας (Míthras) from some unattested Old Iranian intermediary, ultimately from vocative Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) (cf. Mithra).
Until the 1970s, the character of Roman Mithras was widely assumed to be a continuation of that of Iranian Mithra (and thus also of Indo-Iranian *mitra). This notion is no longer followed today, and it is generally agreed that borrowing (e.g. of the name) does not constitute continuation.

A Roman god, cult figure of the 2nd–4th century Roman mystery religion known as the "Mysteries of Mithras" (now colloquially Mithraism)


Pleiades

From Latin Pleiades, from Ancient Greek Πλειάδες (Pleiádes). In the astronomical sense, displaced Old English seofonstierre (literally “the seven stars”).

ncog

(Greek mythology) The "seven sisters", companions of Artemis and daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione.


Ceto

From Ancient Greek Κητώ (Kētṓ); see also κῆτος (kêtos, “sea monster”). Compare Cetus.

(Greek mythology) A primordial sea goddess, wife of Phorcys and mother of numerous monsters including Echidna and the gorgons.


Cassiope

la-proper noun

Cassiopē f sg (genitive Cassiopēs); first declension

Cassiopē (canonical feminine singular)
Cassiopēs (genitive)
Cassiopē (nominative singular)
Cassiopēs (genitive singular)
Cassiopae (dative singular)
Cassiopēn (accusative singular)
Cassiopē (ablative singular)
Cassiopē (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κασσιόπη (Kassiópē).

(Greek mythology) Cassiopeia (wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda)


quadrans

From Latin quadrāns. Doublet of quadrant.

A bronze coin of the Roman republic worth one quarter of an as.


Cepheus

(Greek mythology) Husband of Cassiopeia, king of Eritrea, father of Andromeda. There may be two mythical kings by this name.


Cepheus

Borrowed from Latin Cēpheus, from Ancient Greek Κηφεύς (Kēpheús).


Cepheus

Cēphe͡us m sg (genitive Cēpheī); second declension

Cēphe͡us (canonical masculine singular)
Cēpheī (genitive)
Cēpheus (nominative singular)
Cēpheī (genitive singular)
Cēpheō (dative singular)
Cēpheum (accusative singular)
Cēpheō (ablative singular)
Cēphee (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κηφεύς (Kēpheús).

(Greek mythology) Cepheus (a king of Ethiopia, husband of Cassiopeia, father of Andromeda)


Cassiopeia

kăs′ē-ō-pē′yə

From Latin Cassiopēia, from Ancient Greek Κασσιόπεια (Kassiópeia) or Κασσιόπη (Kassiópē).

(Greek mythology) Proud wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, queen of Ethiopia. When she boasted that her beauty was equal to that of the Nereids, she was punished by Poseidon.


Cassiopeia

Cassiopeia f sg (genitive Cassiopeiae); first declension

Cassiopeiae (genitive)
Cassiopeia (nominative singular)
Cassiopeiae (genitive singular)
Cassiopeiae (dative singular)
Cassiopeiam (accusative singular)
Cassiopeiā (ablative singular)
Cassiopeia (singular vocative)

[käs̠ːiɔˈpɛi̯ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κασσιόπεια (Kassiópeia) or Κασσιόπη (Kassiópē).

(Greek mythology) Cassiopeia (the proud wife of Ethiopian king Cepheus and mother of Andromeda)


Cassiopeia

(Greek mythology) Cassiopeia (wife of Cepheus)


Fornax

Named by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. Originally called Fornāx Chemica,
From the Latin for "chemical furnace".

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of ovens.


Minoan

Sir Arthur Evans, not knowing the Minoan term for “Minoan” at the time, coined this name in the early 20th century, from Ancient Greek Μίνως (Mínōs), the mythical king of Crete. The actual name is probably reflected in Egyptian kftjw (perhaps reconstructible as *Káftayu) and Biblical Hebrew כַּפְתּוֹר (Kaftor, “Caphthor”).


Horologium

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Horologium.wav

Christian Huygens
Horologium (constellation)
Horologium Oscillitorium
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille
Solarium Augusti
Tower of the Winds

See horologium. As a location in Rome, a clipping of Latin Hōrologium Augustī (“Sundial of Augustus”). As a constellation, a clipping of Latin Hōrologium Oscillitorium (“Pendulum Clock”), coined in 1763 by the French astronomer De Lacaille to honor the Dutch astronomer and mathematician Christian Huygens, who had written a major work by that name.

bor

(historical) Synonym of Solarium, a monument in ancient Rome whose obelisk was once believed to have acted as a sundial gnomon.


Apollonian

/æpəˈləʊnɪ.ən/

From Latin Apollō (Apollōn-) + -ian and Apollonius/Apollonia + -an.

You have your lovers - dusky beaus / Not made of the poetic stuff / That sports an Apollonian nose, / And wears a sleek Byronic cuff.

1877, Henry Kendall, “Ode to a Black Gin”, in The Australian Town and Country Journal, page 24:

The forces of nature is a major theme embodied in the two main goddess characters. The "northern woman" is Appollonian ^([sic]) in her nature — cold, reserved, quiet, identified with the moon; the "southern woman" is Dionysian — passionate, a sun goddess.

1979 August 4, Linda Stein, “Stopping Short of Self-Awareness”, in Gay Community News, page 18:

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to the ancient Olympian Greek God Apollo.


Canopus

(Greek mythology) The pilot of King Menelaus's ship in the Iliad.


Canopus

la-proper noun

Canōpus m sg (genitive Canōpī); second declension

Canōpus (canonical masculine singular)
Canōpī (genitive)
Canōpus (nominative singular)
Canōpī (genitive singular)
Canōpō (dative singular)
Canōpum (accusative singular)
Canōpō (ablative singular)
Canōpe (singular vocative)
Canōpī (locative singular)

→ English: Canopus (learned)

From Ancient Greek Κάνωπος (Kánōpos, “Canopus”), Κάνωβος (Kánōbos, “Canobus”). Possibly Arabic جَنُوب (janūb, “south”) is cognate; compare the southeastern wall of the Kaaba pointing to the star and bearing the name جَنُوب (janūb).

der

(Greek mythology) the pilot of King Menelaus's ship in the Iliad


sesterce

From Latin sēstertius (“two-and-a-half (asses)”).

bor

Among the people (of Rome) beſide x. modij of corne, & as many pints of oyle, he diſtributed & dealt 300 Seſterces alſo by the poll, vvhich hee had in times paſt promiſed, vvith an overdeale of 100. a peece to boote, for time.

1606, Caius [i.e., Gaius] Suetonius Tranquillus, “The Historie of Caius Iulius Cesar Dictator”, in Philêmon Holland, transl., The Historie of Twelve Cæsars Emperours of Rome. […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes and George Snowdon] for Matthew Lownes, →OCLC, section 38, page 16:

Nonius the senator hath a purple coat as stiff with jewels as his mind is full of vices; rings on his fingers worth 20,000 sesterces […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 3:

For him I must convert one of my sheep or goats to sesterces and slaughter another for his entertainment.

1985, Anthony Burgess, Kingdom of the Wicked:


Enceladus

From Latin Enceladus, from Ancient Greek Ἐγκέλαδος (Enkélados).

(Greek mythology) A giant in Greek mythology.


Alcmene

From Latin Alcmēnē, from Ancient Greek Ἀλκμήνη (Alkmḗnē).

(Greek mythology) Descendant of Perseus and Andromeda, the wife of Amphitryon, and mother, by Zeus, of Heracles/Hercules.

Ալկմենե

the wife of Amphitryon and mother, by Zeus, of Heracles


Plutonian

en-adj

Plutonian (comparative more Plutonian, superlative most Plutonian)

more Plutonian (comparative)
most Plutonian (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Latin Plūtōnius (“of or relating to Pluto, Greek and Roman god of the underworld”) + -an (suffix forming adjectives). Plūtōnius is from Ancient Greek Πλουτώνιος (Ploutṓnios, “of or relating to Pluto”), from Πλούτων (Ploútōn, “Pluto”) (from πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches, wealth”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to fly; to flow; to run”)) + -ων (-ōn)) + -ιος (-ios, suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Middle French plutonien (modern French plutonien). The noun is derived from the adjective.

plutonien

of, pertaining to, or supporting plutonism — see also Plutonic

[…] he through the midſt unmarkt, / In ſhew Plebeian Angel militant / Of loweſt order, paſt; and from the dore / Of that Plutonian Hall, inviſible / Aſcended his high Throne, […]

1674, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], 2nd edition, London: […] S[amuel] Simmons […], →OCLC, page 264:

["]Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore— / Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!" / Quoth the raven, "Nevermore."

1845 February, — Quarles [pseudonym; Edgar Allan Poe], “The Raven”, in The American Review, volume I, number II, New York, N.Y., London: Wiley & Putnam, […], →OCLC, page 144:

You rise by candle-light or gaslight, swearing / There never was a climate made like ours; / If rashly you go out to take an airing, / The soot-flakes come in black Plutonian show'rs.

1882 December 30, “A London Fog”, in Punch, or The London Charivari, volume 83, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC, page 301, column 1:

Cotopaxi is striking not only because it looks like a science fiction conception of another planet; it also is the least realistic among [Frederic Edwin] Church's paintings of the area. […] Below the fiery sun is a lake with a barren shore. As such, the sun hangs over a Plutonian landscape.

2008, Rodrigo Lazo, “The Ends of Enchantment: Douglass, Melville, and U.S. Expansionism in the Americas”, in Robert S[teven] Levine, Samuel Otter, editors, Frederick Douglass & Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, part I (Literary and Cultural Geographies), page 210:

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Of or relating to Pluto, the Greek and Roman god of the underworld; demonic, infernal.

Plutoniin liittyvä

of or relating to Pluto, the Greek and Roman god of the underworld


Plutonian

From Pluto (“dwarf planet in the Solar System”) + -n- + -ian (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘from, related to, or like’, or nouns meaning ‘one belonging to, relating to, or like’), probably influenced by Plutonian (“of or relating to Pluto, Greek and Roman god of the underworld”) (see etymology 1).

affix

Another and perhaps more Plutonian view of this would be that David's bondage to his mother and the codes of behaviour which she set for him had extended throughout his life, in both profes[s]ional and personal spheres; and that bondage now had an opportunity of loosening, with all the attendant consequences.

1985, Liz Greene, “Fate and Synchronicity”, in The Astrology of Fate, Boston, Mass.: Weiser Books, Red Wheel/Weiser, →ISBN, page 293:

The notion of toxicity is a useful one in our effort to understand the further implications of Pluto in the USA chart. [...] Factor in what we have learned about the second house and we get another meaning of waste, related but distinctly more Plutonian: debris that poses an elimination problem once its value has been used up.

2006 October 6, Jessica Murray, “Power Madness: Pluto and American Hegemony”, in Soul-sick Nation: An Astrologer’s View of America, Bloomington, Ind., Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 41:

(astrology) Pertaining to the astrological influence of Pluto, formerly regarded as a planet.

Plutoon liittyvä

pertaining to the astrological influence of Pluto, formerly regarded as a planet

Burl studied the captured Plutonian hand weapons, and was pleased to have one of the Neptunian soldiers pick one up and demonstrate how it was fired. It had apparently simpler controls than most Plutonian products, for it easily blazed forth a bolt of electronic fire that blasted a tall, crystalline tree to shards.

1959, Donald A[llen] Wollheim, “The Museum of Galactic Life”, in Cecile Matschat, editor, The Secret of the Ninth Planet (A Science Fiction Novel), Philadelphia, Pa.: John C. Winston Co., →OCLC; republished in The Tom Corbett, Space Cadet Megapack, [Rockville, Md.]: Wildside Press, 2012, →ISBN:

Roure did not carry his work to completion. He derived only four intermediate orbits of Pluto for the combinations of Pluto and the four outer planets, and determined the inequalities in the Plutonian motion under the effect of Neptune which are dependent on the first degree of Plutonian eccentricity and inclination.

1969 January, Sh. G. Sharaf, “Introduction”, in Theory of Motion of the Planet Pluto: Part One. Plutonian Perturbations of the First Order with Respect to Perturbing Masses: […] (NASA Technical Translations; NASA TT F-490), Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, →OCLC, page 4:

[Gerard] Kuiper (1944) searched for spectroscopic evidence of an atmosphere around Pluto as part of the same program that discovered CH₄ on Titan. Because of the difficulty of observing an object as faint as Pluto, no useful results were obtained; however, Kuiper presented arguments in favor of a Plutonian atmosphere based on the stability of the atmosphere against loss to space.

1997, Roger V. Yelle, James L[udlow] Elliot, “Atmospheric Structure and Composition: Pluto and Charon”, in S[ol] Alan Stern, David J[ames] Tholen, editors, Pluto and Charon (Space Science series), Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, part IV (Atmospheres), page 347:

[James Walter] Christy also knew that 6.39 days is the exact period of time that it takes Pluto to make one complete turn around its axis—the length of a Plutonian day.

2010, Kristi Lew, “Pluto’s Structure and Features”, in Karen Ang, editor, The Dwarf Planet Pluto (Space!), Tarrytown, N.Y.: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, →ISBN, page 31:

(astronomy) Of or relating to the dwarf planet Pluto.

plutondar

of or relating to the dwarf planet Pluto


Plutonian

If you are a Plutonian and some of these traits emphatically do not fit you, just let them go and take what is helpful and descriptive of you personally. What will be given is a composite picture, based on working with a great many Plutonians over the years. Plutonians who are negatively inclined are often very guarded and rigid, afraid to let others get close. [...] There are Plutonians who operate predominantly on the positive level—healing, transforming, transmuting themselves and those around them.

1986, Donna Cunningham, “The Personality and Character of the Plutonian”, in Healing Pluto Problems, Boston, Mass.: Weiser Books, Red Wheel/Weiser, →ISBN, page 28:

(astrology) A person under the astrological influence of Pluto, formerly regarded as a planet.

The Plutonians, who are almost extinct, once held a superscience that they have largely lost. Early Plutonian visits to Earth survived in folk memory as the devil, since Plutonians are gigantic, with horns, hooves, and tail.

1998, Everett F[ranklin] Bleiler, Richard Bleiler, “[Story Descriptions.] 1423. THE EARTHMAN’S BURDEN. Astounding Stories, June 1931, Ill. Paul.”, in Science-Fiction: The Gernsback Years: A Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines Amazing, Astounding, Wonder, and Others from 1926 through 1936, Kent, Oh., London: Kent State University Press, →ISBN, page 409, column 1:

(chiefly science fiction) An inhabitant of the dwarf planet Pluto.


adytum

Borrowed from Latin adytum, from Ancient Greek ἄδυτον (áduton, “innermost sanctuary; shrine”), inflected form of ἄδυτος (ádutos, “not to be entered”).

der

Let us now with minds free of paſſion, enter the adytum with an intent to find out its true figure, to examine what it really was, and what it is. […] This point is properly the door-way or entrance into the adytum, as a wicket or little door, whilſt the jambs of the hithermoſt trilithons preſent themſelves, as the greater door, of about 40 feet wide, 25 cubits. […] [T]he more ſacred part of the temple at Hierapolis anſwering to our Adytum, had no door, tho' none enter'd therein but the chief prieſts.

1740, William Stukeley, “Of the Cell or Adytum of Stonehenge. Of the Surgeons Amphitheater, London.”, in Stonehenge: A Temple Restor’d to the British Druids, London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, […], →OCLC, page 23:

At the diſtance of about forty ſtadia from this temple of Æſculapius, there is an incloſure; and in it there is an adytum ſacred to Iſis. This is the moſt holy of every thing which the Greeks conſecrate to this goddeſs. For the Tithoreans neither think it proper to take up their reſidence there, nor to ſuffer any to enter the adytum, except ſuch as the goddeſs Iſis informs them by a dream ſhe thinks proper to admit.

1794, Pausanias, chapter XXXII, in [Thomas Taylor], transl., The Description of Greece, by Pausanias. Translated from the Greek. […] In Three Volumes, volume III, London: Printed for R. Faulder, […], →OCLC, book X (Phocics), pages 195–196:

(Ancient Greece, religion) The innermost sanctuary or shrine in a temple, from where oracles were given.

àditon

innermost sanctuary or shrine in an ancient temple


sextans

(Ancient Rome) A Roman coin worth one sixth of an as.


Goth

en-noun

Goth (countable and uncountable, plural Goths)

From Middle English Gothes, Gotes (both plural). In turn partly from Old English Gotan, singular Gota, and partly from Late Latin Gothi. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gutô, perhaps from *geutaną (“to pour”). Compare Old Norse Goti (“Gotlander, Goth”), and related also to Gutnish, Gotland.

A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.


Anthea

From Ancient Greek ἄνθη (ánthē, “blossom”).

(Greek mythology) The epithet of the Greek goddess Hera


moly

moly (countable and uncountable, plural molies)

From Latin mōly, from Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu) (probably a loanword).

It excels Homers moly, cures this, falling sickness, and almost all other infirmities.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 4, member 1, subsection iii:

Or, propt on beds of amaranth and moly, / How sweet (while warm airs lull us, blowing lowly,)

1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Lotos-Eaters”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 114:

So spoke the Radiant One; then gave me the magic herb, pulling it from the ground and showing me in what form it grew; its root was black, its flower milk-white. Its name among the gods is moly.

1980, Homer, translated by Walter Shrewing, The Odyssey, Oxford, published 1998, page 120:

I would need all the secret herbs of Dicte […] . I would need as well the rest of my moly stores.

2018, Madeline Miller, Circe, Bloomsbury 2019, p. 113

(Greek mythology) A magic herb or plant used by Odysseus to overcome Circe.


triclinium

triclinium (plural tricliniums or triclinia)

Latin trīclīnium, from Ancient Greek τρικλίνιον (triklínion).

Seated on the triclinium in the midst is a middle-aged man, with a high and noble brow; the fine aquiline nose, so patrician, as if their eagle had set his own seal on his warlike race;...

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 259:

(Ancient Rome) A couch for reclining at mealtimes, extending round three sides of a table, and usually in three parts.

(Ancient Rome) A dining room furnished with such a triple couch.


Hektor

Hektor (nominative singular)
Hektor (accusative nominative singular)
Hektorin (accusative genitive singular)
Hektorin (genitive singular)
Hektoria (partitive singular)
Hektorissa (inessive singular)
Hektorista (elative singular)
Hektoriin (illative singular)
Hektorilla (adessive singular)
Hektorilta (ablative singular)
Hektorille (allative singular)
Hektorina (essive singular)
Hektoriksi (singular translative)
Hektoritta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Hektorini (nominative singular)
Hektorini (accusative nominative singular)
Hektorini (accusative genitive singular)
Hektorini (genitive singular)
Hektoriani (partitive singular)
Hektorissani (inessive singular)
Hektoristani (elative singular)
Hektoriini (illative singular)
Hektorillani (adessive singular)
Hektoriltani (ablative singular)
Hektorilleni (allative singular)
Hektorinani (essive singular)
Hektorikseni (singular translative)
Hektorittani (abessive singular)
Hektorisi (nominative singular)
Hektorisi (accusative nominative singular)
Hektorisi (accusative genitive singular)
Hektorisi (genitive singular)
Hektoriasi (partitive singular)
Hektorissasi (inessive singular)
Hektoristasi (elative singular)
Hektoriisi (illative singular)
Hektorillasi (adessive singular)
Hektoriltasi (ablative singular)
Hektorillesi (allative singular)
Hektorinasi (essive singular)
Hektoriksesi (singular translative)
Hektorittasi (abessive singular)
Hektorimme (nominative singular)
Hektorimme (accusative nominative singular)
Hektorimme (accusative genitive singular)
Hektorimme (genitive singular)
Hektoriamme (partitive singular)
Hektorissamme (inessive singular)
Hektoristamme (elative singular)
Hektoriimme (illative singular)
Hektorillamme (adessive singular)
Hektoriltamme (ablative singular)
Hektorillemme (allative singular)
Hektorinamme (essive singular)
Hektoriksemme (singular translative)
Hektorittamme (abessive singular)
Hektorinne (nominative singular)
Hektorinne (accusative nominative singular)
Hektorinne (accusative genitive singular)
Hektorinne (genitive singular)
Hektorianne (partitive singular)
Hektorissanne (inessive singular)
Hektoristanne (elative singular)
Hektoriinne (illative singular)
Hektorillanne (adessive singular)
Hektoriltanne (ablative singular)
Hektorillenne (allative singular)
Hektorinanne (essive singular)
Hektoriksenne (singular translative)
Hektorittanne (abessive singular)
Hektorinsa (nominative singular)
Hektorinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Hektorinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Hektorinsa (genitive singular)
Hektoriaan (partitive singular)
Hektoriansa (partitive singular)
Hektorissaan (inessive singular)
Hektorissansa (inessive singular)
Hektoristaan (elative singular)
Hektoristansa (elative singular)
Hektoriinsa (illative singular)
Hektorillaan (adessive singular)
Hektorillansa (adessive singular)
Hektoriltaan (ablative singular)
Hektoriltansa (ablative singular)
Hektorilleen (allative singular)
Hektorillensa (allative singular)
Hektorinaan (essive singular)
Hektorinansa (essive singular)
Hektorikseen (singular translative)
Hektoriksensa (singular translative)
Hektorittaan (abessive singular)
Hektorittansa (abessive singular)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἕκτωρ (Héktōr)


nymphaeum

en-noun

nymphaeum (plural nymphaeums or nymphaea)

The root word is Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē), which anciently, from prehistory, could mean “bride” or a special type of “goddess”: of mountains, trees, springs or meadows. Its appearance in Latin nymph- is a Hellenization, although Latin had its own derivatives from the Indo-European: nūpta (“bride”), nurus (“daughter-in-law”). In Classical Greek, an -ai- form referred to the goddess, becoming Latin -ae-, while an -ei- form referred to the bride, becoming Latin -ē-, but the Greek-speaking Romans, such as Pliny the Elder, confused the two. Thus Latin nymphaeum is from Greek nymphaion but Latin nymphēum is from νυμφεῖον (numpheîon), although they could be understood to have the same meaning.

(Ancient Greece, Roman Empire) An ancient Greek or Roman shrine consecrated to water nymphs, often with a fountain.


Mycenaean

Of or relating to the early Greek civilization that spread its influence from Mycenae to many parts of the Mediterranean region and Central Europe from about 2800 to 1100 B.C.E., divided into three periods: Early Helladic (c. 2800–2000 B.C.E), Middle Helladic (c. 2000–1500 B.C.E), and Late Helladic (c. 1500–1100 B.C.E)

Of or relating to the Ancient Greek dialect written in the Linear B syllabary.


Mycenae

From Latin Mycenae, Ancient Greek Μυκῆναι (Mukênai), the name of the Ancient Greek city, from Μυκήνη (Mukḗnē), a nymph in Greek mythology who lived around Mycenae. Doublet of Mykines.
Two traditional etymologies exist:
* According to Pausanias, Perseus, the legendary founder of the city, named it either after the cap of the sheath of his sword or after a mushroom he had plucked on the site (either way, the term would derive from Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs)).
* Homer connected the name to the abovementioned Mycene (or Mykene), daughter of Inachus, first King of Argos (Odyssey, 2.120). Homer was not alone in identifying Inachus as a river god, and thus Mycene as a nymph.

1958, Alan John Bayard Wace, Elizabeth Bayard French, The Mycenae Tablets II, American Philosophical Society, page 1,
The excavators of Mycenae added in 1953 and 1954 important new materials to the small but excellent archives of Mycenae.

1992 [Routledge], Richard Tomlinson, From Mycenae to Constantinople, 2003, Taylor & Francis e-Library, page 31,
In 479 BC the citizen army of Mycenae marched to Plataea in Boeotia to join the other mainland Greek cities in inflicting the final defeat which terminated Xerxes' invasion of Greece.

The Prehistoric Cemetery at Mycenae provides our most coherent glimpse of the Middle Hellenic period at Mycenae.

2000, Maureen Joan Alden, Well Built Mycenae, Oxbow Books, page 1:

An ancient Greek city in the NE Peloponnesus on the plain of Argos, inhabited since about 4000 B.C.E.

Homer
Inachus
Mycenae
Mycene (mythology)
Odyssey
Pausanias
Perseus


Hellenize

en-verb

Hellenize (third-person singular simple present Hellenizes, present participle Hellenizing, simple past and past participle Hellenized)

Hellenizes (present singular third-person)
Hellenizing (participle present)
Hellenized (participle past)
Hellenized (past)

From Ancient Greek Ἑλληνίζω (Hellēnízō, “to speak Greek, to make Greek, to become Greek”), from Ἕλλην (Héllēn, “Greek”).

der

(intransitive) To use the language and culture of the ancient Greeks, to become Hellenistic.


Hellenism

en-noun

Hellenism (countable and uncountable, plural Hellenisms)

Either via French hellénisme or Latin Hellēnismus or directly from Ancient Greek Ἑλληνισμός (Hellēnismós, “imitation of the Greeks”), from Ἕλλην (Héllēn, “a Greek”).

helénismus

characteristics of ancient Greek culture

hel·lenisme

culture and civilization of the Hellenistic period

The modern-day revival of the polytheistic religious system of Ancient Greece.


Palladian

From Latin Palladius (“of or relating to Pallas”) + -an (suffix forming adjectives from nouns). Palladius is derived from Pallas (from Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás), genitive Παλλάδος (Palládos), an epithet of Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom) + -ius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns).

suffix

[I]f in this the moſt conſummat act of his fidelity and ripeneſſe, no years, no induſtry, no former proof of his abilities can bring him to that ſtate of maturity, as not to be ſtill miſtruſted and ſuſpected, unleſſe he carry all his conſiderat diligence, all his midnight watchings, and expence of Palladian oyl, to the haſty view of an unleaſur'd licencer, perhaps much his younger, perhaps far his inferiour in judgement, [...]

1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 21:

I dwell upon this point, in the view of explaining and, as to one letter, correcting a memorable passage of Sophocles concerning the Palladian olive tree; in which he says, that it is a plant, preserved by Jove and Athena, in order to confound the enemies of Athens, and adds "that no man, young or old, (i.e. now or ever,) shall render it vain and of none effect, by pointing it out with his finger to the Persians."

1828, [Algernon Herbert], “Ba-bel”, in Nimrod: A Discourse on Certain Passages of History and Fable, volume I, London: Printed for Richard Priestley, →OCLC, pages 192–193:

She threw forward her arms, as if with spear and buckler. Miss Barfoot was smiling at this Palladian attitude when a servant announced two ladies, Mrs. Smallbrook and Miss Haven.

1893, George Gissing, “A Camp of the Reserve”, in The Odd Women […], volume I, London: Lawrence & Bullen […], →OCLC, page 145:

the figure for Palladian wisdom and chastity

2001, Charles Dempsey, Inventing the Renaissance Putto, University of North Carolina Press, page 176:

Where mentioned at all in historical discussions it [Elizabethan drama] is typically in passing, with the primary focus either on the continuity that Tudor drama has with the medieval folk drama, or simply on that drama itself, as virtually a Palladian birth in the reign of Elizabeth [I], fathered indeed by the great Zeus of the Renaissance [William Shakespeare], as most commentators recognize, but in whose original inspiration the contribution of the discipline of rhetoric specifically is not apparently of special moment.

2004, Trevor McNeely, “Rhetoric, Theater, Poetry, and Shakespeare”, in Proteus Unmasked: Sixteenth-century Rhetoric and the Art of Shakespeare, Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh University Press; Cranbury, N.J.; London: Associated University Presses, →ISBN, page 50:

(Greek mythology, rare) Of or relating to Pallas, an epithet of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, and potentially to other female Greek figures such as Pallas the daughter of Triton and granddaughter of Poseidon.


Hellenistic

en-adj

Hellenistic (comparative more Hellenistic, superlative most Hellenistic)

more Hellenistic (comparative)
most Hellenistic (superlative)

desc

ελληνιστικός

→ Greek: ελληνιστικός (ellinistikós)

From German hellenistisch, from Ancient Greek Ἑλληνιστής (Hellēnistḗs, “one who uses the Greek language”), from Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “Greece”); as if Hellenist + -ic.

der

Of or relating to the period of the Greek culture, history, or art after the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (31 B.C.) – though this end-point is often debated, and can range from 146BC to 330AD [*].

hel·lenístic

of or relating to a period of Greek history


publican

From Middle English publican [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman publican, pupplican, Middle French publicain, and Old French publican, publicain, pupplican (“tax collector”) (modern French publicain), and from their etymon Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”), from pūblicum (“state revenue”) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession). Pūblicum is a noun use of the neuter form of pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further etymology unknown.
Sense 3.2 (“person excommunicated from the church; person who does not follow a Christian religion”) refers to Matthew 18:17 of the Bible: see the King James Version quotation under sense 1.
cognates
* Catalan publicà
* Italian pubblicano
* Middle Dutch publicaen, puppilicaen, pupplicaen (modern Dutch publicaan (obsolete), publikaan)
* Middle High German publicān, publicāne (early modern German Publican).
* Middle Low German pūblicān
* Old Occitan publican, puplican
* Portuguese publicano
* Spanish publicano

ref

The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], 1611, →OCLC, Luke 19:9–10, column 2: “This day is ſaluation come to this houſe, forſomuch as he alſo is the ſonne of Abraham. For the ſonne of man is come to ſeeke, and to ſaue that which was loſt.”

nb...

publicane, publycan, publycane, pubplican, pubplycan, pupblican, pupblycan, puplican, puplicane, pupplican, pupplicane

Matthevv vvhiche vvas other vvyſe alſo called Leui, beyng of a Puplican made an Apoſtle, firſt of all others compoſed and vvrote in Jevvrye, the ghoſpell of Chriſte in the Hebrue tounge, […]

1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Jerome, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Gospell of Saincte Matthew. The Lyfe of Sainct Matthew […].”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio xix, recto:

[T]he Publicans, that is to ſaye, the cuſtomers and takers vp of tolles, […]

1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Erasmus, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Ghospell of S. Luke. The .iii. Chapter.”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio xliii, verso:

Hovv like a favvning Publican he lookes.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

[I]f he [a brother who trespasses against one] neglect to heare the Church, let him be vnto thee as an heathen man, and a Publicane.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 18:17, column 1:

[T]here was a man named Zacheus, which was the cheefe among the Publicanes, and he was rich.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 19:2, column 2:

The provinces groaned at once under all the severity of publick imposition, and the rapaciousness of private usury. They were overrun by publicans, farmers of the taxes, agents, confiscators, usurers, bankers, those numerous and insatiable bodies, which always flourish in a burthened and complicated revenue.

1760, Edmund Burke, “An Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History. […]. Chapter III. The Reduction of Britain by the Romans.”, in [Walker King], editor, The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, new edition, volume X, London: […] [R. Gilbert] for C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], published 1826, →OCLC, book I, page 232:

Now, Mrs. Varden, […] believing, moreover, that the publicans coupled with sinners in Holy Writ were veritable licensed victuallers; was far from being favourably disposed towards her visitor.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 13.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:

He brings twelve men with him, fishermen, tillers of the soil, one a publican, all of the humbler class; and he and they make their journeys on foot, careless of wind, cold, rain, or sun.

1880 November 12, Lew[is] Wallace, chapter II, in Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, book eighth, page 486:

(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire.


Kourotrophos

Ancient Greek κουροτρόφος (kourotróphos, “rearing boys” or “bringing up boys”).

uder

(Greek mythology) Artemis, in her incarnation as the 'nurse of youths'


dupondius

Latin dupondius, literally "two-pounder".

(historical) A bronze coin minted during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, equal to two asses.


victoriatus

A silver coin, stamped with an image of Victory, minted during the Roman Republic, and valued at half a denarius.


triens

A bronze coin minted during the Roman Republic valued at 4 unciae.


denar

denarek (diminutive)
denar (nominative singular)
denary (nominative plural)
denara (genitive singular)
denarów (genitive plural)
denarowi (dative singular)
denarom (dative plural)
denara (accusative singular)
denary (accusative plural)
denarem (instrumental singular)
denarami (instrumental plural)
denarze (locative singular)
denarach (locative plural)
denarze (singular vocative)
denary (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin dēnārius. Doublet of dinar.

(Ancient Rome, historical) denarius, denary (silver coin)


quinarius

A small silver coin minted during the Roman Republic, equal to half of a denarius.


obolus

From Latin obolus, from Ancient Greek ὀβολός (obolós), from ὀβελός (obelós). Doublet of obole and pul.

A silver coin minted in Ancient Greece, valued at a sixth of a drachma.


semuncia

(historical) A bronze coin minted during the Roman Republic, valued at one twenty-fourth of an as.


quadrigatus

From Latin quadrīgātus, from quadrīgae (“four-horse team”).

A medium-sized silver coin minted by the Roman Republic during the 3rd century B.C..


sestertius

From Latin sēstertius (“that is two-and-a-half”), from sēmis (“half”) + tertius (“third”), in which "third" refers to the third as: the sestertius was worth two full asses and half of a third.

(historical numismatics) A large bronze or (rarely) small silver coin minted during the Roman Republic and Empire, valued at two and a half asses (a quarter of a denarius).