adamant

English: adamant

Scots: adamant (obsolete)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamantem, accusative of adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas). Doublet of dyamaunt and adamas.


adamant

adamant (nominative singular)
adamanty (nominative plural)
adamantu (genitive singular)
adament (accusative singular)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “invincible”). First attested in 1525. Doublet of diament.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “adamas”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


pyrope

en-noun

pyrope (countable and uncountable, plural pyropes)

From Latin pyrōpus, from Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fiery-eyed, fire-colored”), from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”); compare French pyrope.

der

(mineralogy) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gemstone.


pyrargyrite

en-noun

pyrargyrite (countable and uncountable, plural pyrargyrites)

From Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + ἄργῠρος (árgŭros, “silver”).

(mineralogy) A sulfosalt mineral used as a silver ore; it is dark red or black in color with a metallic adamantine luster, a sulfide of antimony and silver, Ag₃SbS₃, and occurs in rhombohedral crystals.


talk

talk (nominative singular)
talku (genitive singular)
talkowi (dative singular)
talk (accusative singular)
talkiem (instrumental singular)
talku (locative singular)
talku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin talcum.


get

English: jet

From a northern form of Old French jayet, jaiet, gaiet, from Latin gagātēs, from Ancient Greek Γαγάτης (Gagátēs).


krit

kritet (definite singular)
krit (indefinite plural)
krita (definite plural)

(uncountable) (mineralogy) chalk (a soft and porous form of limestone)


datolite

From Ancient Greek δατέομαι (datéomai, “to divide”) + -lite; in allusion to the granular structure of a massive variety.

uder

(mineralogy) A borosilicate of lime commonly occurring in glassy, greenish crystals, with the chemical formula CaBSiO₄(OH).


丹

Pictogram (象形) of a well or mine with cinnabar inside. It can also indicate "red cinnabar" used in dyeing clothes (e.g., 彤). The original version is 𠂁. See also the bottom part of 青 (< 𤯞).
Schuessler (2007) suggests a Kam-Tai origin, comparing it to Proto-Kam-Sui *h-lanꟲ (“red”). 矸, as in 丹矸, may be a variant; see there for more.
Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ~ *tsa-n (“red”), whence Burmese တာ (ta, “very red”) (Matisoff, 2003; Hill, 2014); however, STEDT currently does not compare this to 丹.
Possibly related to 旃 (OC *tjan, “a plain red flag”), as well as 袒 (OC *daːnʔ, “to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist”), as skin color is often associated with "red". See these entries for more.

och-l

𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
㐤
𮯱


jeffersonite

From Jefferson + -ite, after Thomas Jefferson.

(mineralogy) A zinc-containing variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown.


magnesia

en-noun

magnesia (countable and uncountable, plural magnesias)

From Middle English magnesia, from Late Latin magnesia, from Ancient Greek μαγνησία (magnēsía), after Μαγνησία (Magnēsía), a name of several cities (in Thessaly, Lydia, and Asia Minor). Doublet of Magnesia, magnesium, and manganese, and related to magnet.

doublet

The apocrenates of iron and manganese are slightly soluble; those of lime, magnesia and alumina are insoluble.

1875, Journal of the Bath and West of England Society and Southern Counties Association for the Encouragement of Agriculture, Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, volumes 7-8, page 133:


magnesia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μαγνησία (λίθος) (Magnēsía (líthos), “(stone of) Magnesia”), name of several minerals from the region in Asia Minor.

bor+

Μαγνησία (λίθος)


信

Sino-Xenic (信):
* → Vietnamese: tín (信)

→ Vietnamese: tin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and
phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljins): phonetic 人 (OC *njin, “person”) + semantic 言 (“word”).
Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *sin and suggests possible derivation from 允 (OC *winʔ, “to trust; to be true”).
Alternatively, Sagart and Baxter (2012) reconstruct *s-niŋ-s (*s-ni[ŋ]-s in Baxter and Sagart, 2014) and suggest a derivation from 仁 (OC *niŋ, “kind”) with the prefix *s-, probably used to increase its valency.

Han compound

(mineralogy) Short for 信石 (xìnshí, “arsenolite”).


damourite

en-noun

damourite (countable and uncountable, plural damourites)

(mineralogy) A kind of muscovite, or potash mica, containing water.


tungsten

tungsten (countable and uncountable, plural tungstens)

→ Japanese: タングステン (tangusuten)

→ Malay: tungsten

→ Spanish: tungsteno

From Swedish tungsten (“scheelite”), from tung (“heavy”) + sten (“stone”).

We apprehend that this is not the acid of a calx ponderoſa, but rather a diſtinct acid conjoined to common calcareous earth, ſince, in fact, in another place, § 97, the tungſten is mentioned as a calx ſaturated with a peculiar acid, perhaps of a metallic nature, for which the author himſelf refers us to the above § 33, and ſeems to think it the ſame as the acid there mentioned.

1783, “[Review of] Outlines of Mineralogy”, in Monthly Review, volume LXX, number VII, page 47:

(mineralogy, obsolete) scheelite, calcium tungstate


laurite

After Laura R. Joy, wife of American chemist C. A. Joy. Named in 1866.

(mineralogy) A rare sulphide of osmium and ruthenium found with platinum in Borneo and Oregon, with the chemical formula RuS₂.


laumontite

laumontite (usually uncountable, plural laumontites)

Named after the discoverer François Pierre Nicholas Gillet de Laumont (1747–1834) as lomonite, renamed as laumonite in 1809 and as laumontite in 1821. + -ite

(mineralogy) A mineral, of a white color and vitreous luster, with the chemical formula CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Exposed to the air, it loses water, becomes opaque, and crumbles.


argentine

argentine (countable and uncountable, plural argentines)

From Middle English argentyne, borrowed from Old French argentin (“silvery”), from Latin argentum (“silver”), equivalent to argent + -ine.

(mineralogy) A siliceous variety of calcite, or lime carbonate, having a silvery-white, pearly lustre, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.


jet

jet (countable and uncountable, plural jets)

→ German: Jett

From Middle English get, geet, gete, from a northern form of Old French jayet, jaiet, gaiet, from Latin gagātēs, from Ancient Greek Γαγάτης (Gagátēs), from Γάγας (Gágas, “a town and river in Lycia”). Doublet of gagate.

There is also a factitious jeat made of glaſs, in imitation of the mineral jeat.

1735, [John Barrow], “JEAT”, in Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. […], volume II (I–S), London: […] C[harles] Hitch and C[harles] Davis […], and S[amuel] Austen […], →OCLC:

(mineralogy) A hard, black form of coal, sometimes used in jewellery.


chi

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzəy. Cognates include Burmese အစေ့ (a.ce.).


chi

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tsji.


graphite

graphite (countable and uncountable, plural graphites)

Borrowed from German Graphit (A. G. Werner 1789), from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).

Technical terms like ferrite, perlite, graphite, and hardenite were bandied to and fro, and when Paget glibly brought out such a rare exotic as ferro-molybdenum, Benson forgot that he was a master ship-builder, […]

1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 4, in Well Tackled!:

An allotrope of carbon, consisting of planes of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal arrays with the planes stacked loosely, that is used as a dry lubricant, in "lead" pencils, and as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.

Modern tennis racquets are made of graphite, fibreglass and other man-made materials.

Short for graphite-reinforced plastic, a composite plastic made with graphite fibers noted for light weight strength and stiffness.

graphite-reinforced plastic

graphite:

A grey colour, resembling graphite or the marks made with a graphite pencil.


agate

agate (countable and uncountable, plural agates)

From Middle French agathe, from Latin achatēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs, “agate”).

The ends of the veil, drawn over her head, were embroidered with silver; she had long gold ear-rings; to a rich and large gold chain was suspended a cross set with precious stones; and over the arm of her chair hung a rosary of agate beads.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 9:

Yes: living among the cohabations^([sic]) of Faust himself, among the litharge and agate and hyacinth and pearls.

1947, Malcolm Lowry, Under the Volcano, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, page 86:

(countable, uncountable, mineralogy) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.


hitam

Borrowed from Malay hitam (“black”), from Proto-Malayic *hitəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm. Doublet of itim.


tali

Mobilian: tali


alcohol

→ Basque: alkohol

→ Quechua: alkul

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥū́l), from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).


jade

head

jade c (singular definite jaden, uncountable)


jade

jade (nominative singular)
jadet (nominative plural)
jade (accusative nominative singular)
jadet (accusative nominative plural)
jaden (accusative genitive singular)
jadet (accusative genitive plural)
jaden (genitive singular)
jadejen (genitive plural)
jadein (genitive plural rare)
jadea (partitive singular)
jadeja (partitive plural)
jadessa (inessive singular)
jadeissa (inessive plural)
jadesta (elative singular)
jadeista (elative plural)
jadeen (illative singular)
jadeihin (illative plural)
jadella (adessive singular)
jadeilla (adessive plural)
jadelta (ablative singular)
jadeilta (ablative plural)
jadelle (allative singular)
jadeille (allative plural)
jadena (essive singular)
jadeina (essive plural)
jadeksi (singular translative)
jadeiksi (plural translative)
jadetta (abessive singular)
jadeitta (abessive plural)
jadein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jadeni (nominative singular)
jadeni (nominative plural)
jadeni (accusative nominative singular)
jadeni (accusative nominative plural)
jadeni (accusative genitive singular)
jadeni (accusative genitive plural)
jadeni (genitive singular)
jadejeni (genitive plural)
jadeini (genitive plural rare)
jadeani (partitive singular)
jadejani (partitive plural)
jadessani (inessive singular)
jadeissani (inessive plural)
jadestani (elative singular)
jadeistani (elative plural)
jadeeni (illative singular)
jadeihini (illative plural)
jadellani (adessive singular)
jadeillani (adessive plural)
jadeltani (ablative singular)
jadeiltani (ablative plural)
jadelleni (allative singular)
jadeilleni (allative plural)
jadenani (essive singular)
jadeinani (essive plural)
jadekseni (singular translative)
jadeikseni (plural translative)
jadettani (abessive singular)
jadeittani (abessive plural)
jadeineni (comitative plural)
jadesi (nominative singular)
jadesi (nominative plural)
jadesi (accusative nominative singular)
jadesi (accusative nominative plural)
jadesi (accusative genitive singular)
jadesi (accusative genitive plural)
jadesi (genitive singular)
jadejesi (genitive plural)
jadeisi (genitive plural rare)
jadeasi (partitive singular)
jadejasi (partitive plural)
jadessasi (inessive singular)
jadeissasi (inessive plural)
jadestasi (elative singular)
jadeistasi (elative plural)
jadeesi (illative singular)
jadeihisi (illative plural)
jadellasi (adessive singular)
jadeillasi (adessive plural)
jadeltasi (ablative singular)
jadeiltasi (ablative plural)
jadellesi (allative singular)
jadeillesi (allative plural)
jadenasi (essive singular)
jadeinasi (essive plural)
jadeksesi (singular translative)
jadeiksesi (plural translative)
jadettasi (abessive singular)
jadeittasi (abessive plural)
jadeinesi (comitative plural)
jademme (nominative singular)
jademme (nominative plural)
jademme (accusative nominative singular)
jademme (accusative nominative plural)
jademme (accusative genitive singular)
jademme (accusative genitive plural)
jademme (genitive singular)
jadejemme (genitive plural)
jadeimme (genitive plural rare)
jadeamme (partitive singular)
jadejamme (partitive plural)
jadessamme (inessive singular)
jadeissamme (inessive plural)
jadestamme (elative singular)
jadeistamme (elative plural)
jadeemme (illative singular)
jadeihimme (illative plural)
jadellamme (adessive singular)
jadeillamme (adessive plural)
jadeltamme (ablative singular)
jadeiltamme (ablative plural)
jadellemme (allative singular)
jadeillemme (allative plural)
jadenamme (essive singular)
jadeinamme (essive plural)
jadeksemme (singular translative)
jadeiksemme (plural translative)
jadettamme (abessive singular)
jadeittamme (abessive plural)
jadeinemme (comitative plural)
jadenne (nominative singular)
jadenne (nominative plural)
jadenne (accusative nominative singular)
jadenne (accusative nominative plural)
jadenne (accusative genitive singular)
jadenne (accusative genitive plural)
jadenne (genitive singular)
jadejenne (genitive plural)
jadeinne (genitive plural rare)
jadeanne (partitive singular)
jadejanne (partitive plural)
jadessanne (inessive singular)
jadeissanne (inessive plural)
jadestanne (elative singular)
jadeistanne (elative plural)
jadeenne (illative singular)
jadeihinne (illative plural)
jadellanne (adessive singular)
jadeillanne (adessive plural)
jadeltanne (ablative singular)
jadeiltanne (ablative plural)
jadellenne (allative singular)
jadeillenne (allative plural)
jadenanne (essive singular)
jadeinanne (essive plural)
jadeksenne (singular translative)
jadeiksenne (plural translative)
jadettanne (abessive singular)
jadeittanne (abessive plural)
jadeinenne (comitative plural)
jadensa (nominative singular)
jadensa (nominative plural)
jadensa (accusative nominative singular)
jadensa (accusative nominative plural)
jadensa (accusative genitive singular)
jadensa (accusative genitive plural)
jadensa (genitive singular)
jadejensa (genitive plural)
jadeinsa (genitive plural rare)
jadeaan (partitive singular)
jadeansa (partitive singular)
jadejaan (partitive plural)
jadejansa (partitive plural)
jadessaan (inessive singular)
jadessansa (inessive singular)
jadeissaan (inessive plural)
jadeissansa (inessive plural)
jadestaan (elative singular)
jadestansa (elative singular)
jadeistaan (elative plural)
jadeistansa (elative plural)
jadeensa (illative singular)
jadeihinsa (illative plural)
jadellaan (adessive singular)
jadellansa (adessive singular)
jadeillaan (adessive plural)
jadeillansa (adessive plural)
jadeltaan (ablative singular)
jadeltansa (ablative singular)
jadeiltaan (ablative plural)
jadeiltansa (ablative plural)
jadelleen (allative singular)
jadellensa (allative singular)
jadeilleen (allative plural)
jadeillensa (allative plural)
jadenaan (essive singular)
jadenansa (essive singular)
jadeinaan (essive plural)
jadeinansa (essive plural)
jadekseen (singular translative)
jadeksensa (singular translative)
jadeikseen (plural translative)
jadeiksensa (plural translative)
jadettaan (abessive singular)
jadettansa (abessive singular)
jadeittaan (abessive plural)
jadeittansa (abessive plural)
jadeineen (comitative plural)
jadeinensa (comitative plural)


jade

Borrowed from French jade, back formation from le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (literally “flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).


cacoxenite

From Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”) + ξένος (xénos, “guest”) because the phosphorous content of cacoxenite lessens the quality of iron smelted from ore containing it.

(inorganic chemistry, mineralogy) A soft phosphate of iron occurring in yellowish clumps: hydrated iron aluminum phosphate oxide: (Fe,Al)₂₅(PO₄)₁₇O₆(OH)₁₂·17H₂O.


adamite

Named after French mineralogist Gilbert Joseph Adam (1795-1881) in 1866.

(mineralogy) A zinc arsenate hydroxide mineral, Zn₂AsO₄OH.


axinite

en-noun

axinite (countable and uncountable, plural axinites)

(mineralogy) A borosilicate of aluminum, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.


azurite

/ˈæʒ.əˌɹaɪt/

/ˈæʒ.(j)ʊəɹˌaɪt/

/ˈæʒ(j)ʊˌɹaɪt/

From Persian لاژورد (lâžvard, “blue color”).

(mineralogy) A blue vitreous mineral; a basic hydrated copper carbonate, with the chemical formula Cu²⁺₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂, used since antiquity as a blue pigment or ores to extract metallic copper.


aventurine

aventurine (countable and uncountable, plural aventurines)

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃəˌɹin/

Borrowed from French aventurine, from Italian avventurino, from avventurare (“to venture; to make lucky or prosperous”), from avventura (“chance; adventure, venture”) + -are (suffix forming the infinitive of most regular verbs), apparently so named because it was discovered by accident in Murano, Italy, when brass or copper filings were dropped into melted glass (see, however, the 1843 quotation).

The Sandaresus, an Arabian stone, classed by Pliny [the Elder] among the Carbunculi, seems to have been our Aventurine, for he describes it as full of golden stars shining through a transparent substance, not from the surface, but from within the body of the stone. The true Aventurine, or Goldie-stone, is a brownish semi-transparent quartz, full of specks of yellow mica.

1860, C[harles] W[illiam] King, “Aventurine”, in Antique Gems: Their Origin, Uses, and Value as Interpreters of Ancient History; and as Illustrative of Ancient Art: With Hints to Gem Collectors, London: John Murray, […], section I (Materials), page 63:

Aventurine is a variety of grainy quartz,—not quarts of rye whiskey, which there is too much of a venture in,—but quartz of silica, gold-spangled throughout with flakes of yellow mica. [...] There are two kinds of natural aventurine; the one with its spangles of yellow mica is well known as Muscovite talc. It was found on the shores of the White Sea in old times, and is now met with often in the mines of Silesia, in Bohemia, in France, and in Siberia. The other variety, more highly esteemed, is found in Spain and in Scotland. [...] Dealers have given the name of aventurine to a species of feldspar having the same external characteristics, and sold for the genuine, though a much softer stone. Such dealers are not honest.

1872 July, George S. Burleigh, “Precious Stones. IX. Aventurine and Lapis-lazuli.”, in Oliver Optic [pseudonym; William Taylor Adams], editor, Oliver Optic’s Magazine. Our Boys and Girls, volume XII, number 228, Boston, Mass.: Lee and Shepard, publishers; New York, N.Y.: Lee, Shepard and Dillingham, →OCLC, page 477, column 2:

[F]rom out the silken curtain-folds / Bare-footed and bare-headed three fair girls / In gilt and rosy raiment came: their feet / In dewy grasses glisten'd; and the hair / All over glanced with dewdrop or with gem / Like sparkles in the stone Avanturine.

1874, Alfred Tennyson, “Gareth and Lynette”, in Idylls of the King (The Works of Alfred Tennyson; V), cabinet edition, London: Henry S. King & Co., […], →OCLC, page 73:

During this period of two centuries little colour was employed in the lacquer-work, but much gold was used; and those particular kinds of work in which "clouded" gold effects, avanturines, and tesselated gold are introduced, as well as low-relief modelling of a most perfect kind, were invented and brought to a high state of perfection.

1882, Christopher Dresser, “The Lacquer Manufactures”, in Japan: Its Architecture, Art, and Art Manufactures, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, pages 346–347:

Quartz with spangled inclusions is known as aventurine. The included minerals are scales of shiny mica or hematite. The most familiar aventurine is of a reddish-yellow color and has a coppery sheen. Only small quantities of aventurine have been found in the United States.

1957, Dorothy M[cKenney] Schlegel, “Semiprecious Gems”, in Gem Stones of the United States (Contributions to Economic Geology; Geological Survey Bulletin; 1042-G), Washington, D.C.: Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior; United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 222:

He stood up and gloomily opened a little silver-gilt box, its lid studded with aventurines. It was full of violet sweetmeats; he took one, feeling it with his fingers as he reflected upon the strange properties of this bonbon whose sugar-coating looked like hoar-frost; [...]

1998, Joris-Karl Huysmans, chapter 9, in Margaret Mauldon, transl., edited by Nicholas White, Against Nature (A rebours) (Oxford World’s Classics), Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 84:

Aventurin is also the name of a variety of quartz spangled with mica or other shiny mineral. A variety of spangled feldspar, found especially in Russia, and when polished used as a gem and highly prized, is also called Aventurin or popularly "sunstone".

2003, “The Mineral Kingdom. Dictionary of Gems, Jewels, Precious Metals and Minerals, with Their Significance and Use in the Superstition and Folklore of All Countries”, in Cora Linn Daniels, C[harles] M[acClellan] Stevans, editors, Encyclopædia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World: […], volume II, Honolulu, Hi.: University Press of the Pacific, →ISBN, page 724, column 1:

When I pulled off the lid, I found a leather bracelet inside. Its center held a pretty brass flower, painted white with soft pink tips on the petals, just like clover. On either side of the brass clover flower, one of the bracelet's leather strands had been strung with shimmering green rocks. "Those are aventurines," Peavine said when I touched one smooth stone. "They're for courage and luck. You got a lot of the first, but I figured you could use some of the second."

2015, Susan Vaught, “Three Weeks Later”, in Footer Davis Might be Probably is Crazy (A Paula Wiseman Book), New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, →ISBN, pages 226–227:

(mineralogy, by extension) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.


aciculite

From Latin acicula, diminutive of acus (“needle”).

(mineralogy) A sulfide of bismuth, lead, and copper.


sandarac

sandarac (countable and uncountable, plural sandaracs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sandarac.wav

From Latin sandaraca, from Ancient Greek σανδαράκη (sandarákē, “realgar”).

der

(mineralogy, archaic) Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic.


soap

en-noun

soap (countable and uncountable, plural soaps)

Sranan Tongo: sopo

→ Kari'na: sopo

→ Trió: sopo

→ Wayana: sopu

Tok Pisin: sop

→ Ajië: yööpö

→ Bemba: isopo

desctree

→ Burmese: ဆပ်ပြာ (hcappra)
→ Shan: သပ်ႉပျႃႇ (sâ̰p pjàa)

→ Chichewa: sopo

→ Dutch: soap

→ French: soap

→ German: Soap

→ Irish: sópa

→ Malayalam: സോപ്പ് (sōppŭ)

→ Maori: hopi

→ Marshallese: joob

→ Palauan: sob

→ Pohnpeian: sohpw

→ Tamil: சோப்பு (cōppu)

→ Teribe: söp

→ West Uvean: sop

desc

→ Xârâcùù: söpö

→ Xârâcùù: söpö

From Middle English sope, sape, from Old English sāpe (“soap, salve”), from Proto-West Germanic *saipā, from Proto-Germanic *saipǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *seyb-, *seyp- (“to pour out, drip, trickle, strain”).
Cognate with Scots saip, sape (“soap”), Saterland Frisian Seepe (“soap”), West Frisian sjippe (“soap”), Dutch zeep (“soap”), German Low German Seep (“soap”), German Seife (“soap”), Danish sæbe (“soap”), Swedish såpa (“soap”), Norwegian Bokmål såpe (“soap”), Norwegian Nynorsk såpe (“soap”), Faroese sápa (“soap”), Icelandic sápa (“soap”), Finnish saippua (“soap”), Finnish suopa (“soft soap”). Related also to Old English sāp (“amber, resin, pomade, unguent”), Latin sēbum (“tallow, fat, grease”). See seep. Latin sāpō (“soap”) is a borrowing from the Germanic.

cog

I tried washing my hands with soap, but the stain wouldn't go away.

(countable, uncountable, informal, by extension, mineralogy) Some other substance, often a detergent or another surfactant, able to mix with both oil and water, used for cleaning.


morion

From French morion, from Late Latin mōrion, a misreading in some manuscripts for Latin mormoriōn.

(mineralogy) A brown or black variety of quartz.


morion

Borrowed from Spanish morrión, from morra (“upper part of the head”), from morro (“muzzle, snout”), from Vulgar Latin *murrum (“muzzle, snout”). Related to moraine (“an amassment of rocks on a glacier”) and morailles (“barnacle, twitch”).


morion

From Latin mormoriōn (“a black variety of quartz”), misread in some manuscripts as mōrion (“nightshade”).


col

col (nominative singular)
colu (nominative plural)
col (accusative singular)
colu (accusative plural)
coles (genitive singular)
cola (genitive plural)
cole (dative singular)
colum (dative plural)

Middle English: cole

English: coal

From Proto-West Germanic *kol. Cognate with Old Frisian kole, Old High German kolo, Old Norse kol.


garnet

en-noun

garnet (countable and uncountable, plural garnets)

From Middle English gernet, granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”). Doublet of grenade.

How many needles Betty Flanders had lost there! and her garnet brooch.

1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, page 127:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 14, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.


garnet

From English garnet, from Middle English granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”).

(mineralogy) a hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives


beryl

beryl (countable and uncountable, plural beryls)

Inherited from Middle English beryl, from Old French beril, from Latin bērillus, bēryllus, from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”).

der

The sunset had been magnificent, and the Thames was floating in dark radiance; the waves wearing that transparent clearness, which gives more the idea of melted beryl, than aught else: every little circle in the water had that trembling light which characterises precious stones.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 57:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

(uncountable, mineralogy) A mineral of pegmatite deposits, often used as a gemstone (molecular formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈).


beryl

head

beryl c (singular definite beryllen, plural indefinite beryller)

beryllen (definite singular)
beryller (indefinite plural)
beryl (indefinite nominative singular)
beryllen (definite nominative singular)
beryller (indefinite nominative plural)
beryllerne (definite nominative plural)
beryls (genitive indefinite singular)
beryllens (definite genitive singular)
beryllers (genitive indefinite plural)
beryllernes (definite genitive plural)

beryl (the mineral and examples of the mineral)


beryl

pl-noun

beryl m inan (related adjective berylowy)

berylowy (adjective)
beryl (nominative singular)
beryle (nominative plural)
berylu (genitive singular)
beryli (genitive plural)
berylowi (dative singular)
berylom (dative plural)
beryl (accusative singular)
beryle (accusative plural)
berylem (instrumental singular)
berylami (instrumental plural)
berylu (locative singular)
berylach (locative plural)
berylu (singular vocative)
beryle (plural vocative)

(mineralogy, countable) beryl (mineral of pegmatite deposits)


augite

en-noun

augite (countable and uncountable, plural augites)

(mineralogy) A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt.


augite

→ Romanian: augit


halite

halite (countable and uncountable, plural halites)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-halite.wav

From Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “salt”), + -ite.

(mineralogy) Native salt; sodium chloride NaCl as a mineral; rock salt.


gypsum

gypsum (countable and uncountable, plural gypsums or gypsa)

From Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos). Doublet of gesso.

Besides being abundant, gypsum is easily refined into a powder for plaster or formed into sheets of wallboard.

1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 7:

A mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate. When calcinated, it forms plaster of Paris.


kaolin

From French kaolin, from Chinese 高嶺／高岭 (Gāolǐng, “high hill”).


galena

galena (usually uncountable, plural galenas or galenae)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-galena.wav

From Latin galēna (“dross from smelting lead”).

der

You can easily extract lead from galena, a natural mineral which has been used in crystal radio receivers.

1939 November, Raymond B. Wailes, “Chemical Engineering for Home Experimenters”, in Popular Science, page 207:

1942, G. F. Loughlin, A. H. Koschmann, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Magdalena Mining District, New Mexico, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Issue 200, page 98,
The galena of the ore contains microscopic inclusions of various forms that become visible upon polished surfaces etched with hydrochloric or nitric acid.

These samples had higher Pb²⁰⁶ and Pb²⁰⁸ abundances than any other galenas yet examined.

1953, “Report of the Committee on the Measurement of Geologic Time”, in U.S, National Research Council, page 132:

Very little galena has been reported (recovered mostly from burial mounds) in the Great Lakes region indicating that the mineral was not a major interregional exchange commodity during this period. However, numerous galenas have been recovered from the lower Mississippi Valley region and Florida indicating that galena was part of an important north-south exchange system (Walthall 1981).

2008, Sanghamitra Ghosh, Heavy Stable Isotope Investigations in Environmental Science and Archaeology, page 77:

(mineralogy) A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead.


galena

galena (nominative singular)
galeny (genitive singular)
galenie (dative singular)
galenę (accusative singular)
galeną (instrumental singular)
galenie (locative singular)
galeno (singular vocative)


galena

(mineralogy) galena (mineral mined as an ore of lead)


opal

In Florio’s A World of Words 1598 as opale, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”). Distantly related to over.

أُوبَال

a mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity

(mineralogy) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity, of the chemical formula SiO₂·nH₂O.

(gemology) A precious gem, an iridescent gemstone found in the opal-silica mineral substrate (potch)


opal

From English opal, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”).


rutile

en-noun

rutile (countable and uncountable, plural rutiles)

From Latin rutilus (“red”) because of its common color, named in 1803.

(mineralogy) The most frequent of the three polymorphs of titanium dioxide, crystalizing in the tetragonal system, TiO₂.

рутил

the most frequent of the three polymorphs of titanium dioxide


pyrite

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyrite.wav

Recorded since 1555, from Old French pyrite (12th century), from Latin pȳritēs, from Ancient Greek πυρίτης λίθος (purítēs líthos, “stone of fire, flint”) (so called because it glitters), notably the first part: adjective πυρίτης (purítēs, “of or in fire”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). Analyzable as pyr- + -ite

der

πυρίτης λίθος

(mineralogy) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS₂), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.


onyx

en-noun

onyx (countable and uncountable, plural onyxes)

From Middle English onix (c. 1300), earlier oniche (c. 1250), from Old French oniche or onix, from Latin onyx, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “onyx”). Doublet of unguis.

People talk about using marble in the bathrooms. Marble wasn't good enough for use—we have onyx!

2023 September 23, Tom Robbins, “Suite dreams”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 1:

(mineralogy) A banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz.


mica

mica (countable and uncountable, plural micas)

Borrowed from Latin mīca (“grain, crumb”).

His little eyes glittered like mica discs with curiosity, though he tried to keep up a bit of superciliousness.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 214:

(mineralogy) Any of a group of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals characterized by highly perfect cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more or less elastic.

雲母

うんも, unmo, うんぼ, unbo, きらら, kirara, きら, kira


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca. Doublet of mie and miche.


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca, the same source as the above.


mica

la-noun

mīca f (genitive mīcae); first declension

mīca (canonical feminine)
mīcae (genitive)
mīca (nominative singular)
mīcae (nominative plural)
mīcae (genitive singular)
mīcārum (genitive plural)
mīcae (dative singular)
mīcīs (dative plural)
mīcam (accusative singular)
mīcās (accusative plural)
mīcā (ablative singular)
mīcīs (ablative plural)
mīca (singular vocative)
mīcae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Romanian: mică

Italian: mica

Old French: mie
French: mie

Old Galician-Portuguese: miga

Galician: miga

Portuguese: miga

Old Spanish: miga

Spanish: miga

→ English: mica

→ French: mica

→ Galician: mica

→ Portuguese: mica

→ Spanish: mica

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *mīcca

Aragonese: mica (in no mica "not")

Old French: miche

French: miche

→ Basque: mitsika

→ Breton: méchen

→ Portuguese: micha

Italian: frammica (“crumb”) (Marche)

Ligurian: micca (“a small loaf”) (Genoa)

Piedmontese: mica

Old Occitan:

Catalan: mica

Occitan: mica

→ Alemannic German: Miigge

→ Dutch: mik

→ West Frisian: mik

Calabrian dialect
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch

Uncertain:
* traditionally derived from Proto-Italic *(s)mīkā, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meyk- (“small, thin, delicate”), related to Ancient Greek (σ)μῑκρός ((s)mīkrós) – details there.
* in view of meaning (1), De Vaan (2008) with Nyman (1987) prefer Proto-Italic *meikā (“a glittering particle”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to blink”), whence also micō.
Attested from Cato onwards.
A number of Romance forms, e.g. Romanian mic, Neapolitan miccu, Calabrian/Sicilian miccu, reflect an unattested adjective *mīccus. This is probably unrelated, being a borrowing from Ancient Greek μῑκκός (mīkkós), variant of μῑκρός (mīkrós, “small”); the form *mīcca is associated with the meaning “loaf of bread” particularly in Gallo-Romance and Gallo-Italic.


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca. Doublet of miga.

(mineralogy) mica (hydrous aluminosilicate mineral)


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca. Compare the inherited doublet miga.


talc

en-noun

talc (countable and uncountable, plural talcs)

From Middle French talc, from Arabic طَلْق (ṭalq), from Persian تلک (talk), from Middle Persian [Term?] (“medicament”).

The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press

(obsolete) Originally a large range of transparent or glistening foliated minerals. Examples include mica, selenite and the hydrated magnesium silicate that the term talc generally has referred to in modern times (see below). Also an item made of such a mineral and depending for its function on the special nature of the mineral (see next). Mediaeval writers adopted the term from the Arabic.

M. [Antonie van] Leeuwenhoek fixed his objects, if they were ſolid, to the foregoing point with glue; if they were fluid, he fitted them on a little plate of talc, or exceeding thin blown glaſs, which he afterwards glued to the needle, in the ſame manner as his other objects.

1787, George Adams, Essays on the Microscope; containing a Practical Description of the most Improved Microscopes: a General History of Insects, their Transformations, Peculiar Habits, and Œconomy: an Account of the Various Species and Singular Properties of the Hydræ and Vorticellæ: a Description of Three Hundred and Seventy-nine Animalcula; with a Concise Catalogue of Interesting Objects: a View of the Organization of Timber, and the Configuration of Salts when under the Microscope, London: Printed for the author, by Robert Hindmarsh, Printer to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, No. 32, Clerkenwell-Close; and sold by the author, at his Shop, Tycho Brahe's Head, No. 60, Fleet-Street, →OCLC, page 7:

(obsolete) A microscope slide made of a plate of mica, generally in use from the start of modern microscopy until the early nineteenth century, after which glass slides became the standard medium.

With this background and experience we feel justified in stating that not all talcs contain, or are associated with, asbestos.

1978, C. J. Parmentier with G. J. Gill, “Practical Aspects of Talc and Asbestos”, in C. C. Gravatt, Philip D. LaFleur, Kurt F. J. Heinrich, editors, Proceedings of Workshop on Asbestos, Definitions and Measurement Methods, page 406:

For example, Montana talcs approximate the theoretical composition, while California talcs often contain calcite (CaCO₃) and dolomite (CaCO₃ • MgCO₃).

1987, Joseph A. Radosta with Nikhil C. Trivedi, “Talc”, in H. S. Katz, J. V. Mileski, editors, Handbook of Fillers For Plastics, page 217:

Micronized talcs and, to an even higher degree, submicrometer talcs significantly influence the processing parameters.

2003, Harutun Karian, Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, revised & expanded edition, page 573:

A soft mineral, composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, that has a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, and usually occurs in foliated masses.


talc

From Persian طلق (talq), from a Middle Persian word meaning "medicament."


zircon

zircon (countable and uncountable, plural zircons)

From German Zirkon, possibly via French zircon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of jargoon.

[…] salamanders, mermaids, chimaeras, wild men o’ the woods, leviathans, all hewn from faultless gems, thrice the bulk of a big man’s body, velvet-dark sapphires, chrysolite, beryl, amethyst, and the yellow zircon that is like transparent gold.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 3:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […]. (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

(uncountable) A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or grey colour and consisting of silica and zirconia.


zircon

Borrowed from German Zirkon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of jargon.


zircon

zircon (accusative indefinite nominative)
zirconul (accusative definite nominative)
zircon (indefinite)
zirconului (definite)
zirconule (vocative)


sard

sard (countable and uncountable, plural sards)

From Middle English sarde, borrowed from Old French sarde, from Latin sarda, sardius. Doublet of sardius.

(mineralogy) A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color.


clinozoisite

clinozoisite (countable and uncountable, plural clinozoisites)

(mineralogy) A basic calcium aluminosilicate found in crystalline schists, a metamorphic product of calcium feldspar.


argentite

argentite (countable and uncountable, plural argentites)

(mineralogy) Silver sulfide, (Ag₂S), a primary ore of silver, in cubic or hexoctahedral crystals.


chalcocite

chalcocite (countable and uncountable, plural chalcocites)

Their croppings are either entirely barren or contain only a moderate amount of copper, but much richer ore is ordinarily found just above the chalcocite zone.

1905, Waldemar Lindgren, The Copper Deposits of the Clifton-Morenci District, Arizona, page 207:

(mineralogy) Cuprous sulfide, Cu₂S, an important ore of copper.


sanidine

sanidine (countable and uncountable, plural sanidines)

From Ancient Greek σανίς (sanís, “board”) + -ine.

(mineralogy) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as tabular crystals embedded in volcanic rocks. Some forms (called moonstone) exhibit adularescence.


microcline

microcline (countable and uncountable, plural microclines)

(mineralogy) A common feldspar of igneous, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks, made of potassium aluminum silicate, with the chemical formula KAlSi₃O₈.


adularia

Named for the type locality at Adular, Switzerland.

(mineralogy) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as colorless to white prismatic crystals in cavities in metamorphic rocks. Some specimens reflect a bluish sheen along crystal faces. This phenomenon is called adularescence, and adularia with this property is called moonstone. (See sanidine).


oligoclase

oligoclase (usually uncountable, plural oligoclases)

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar, the second member of the Albite-Anorthite solid solution series. Primarily found as small crystals in impure marble. Oligoclase contains a small amount of calcium substituting for some of the sodium in its formula. Oligoclase with reddish-golden inclusions found in Norway and Canada is called sunstone.


andesine

andesine (countable and uncountable, plural andesines)

From Andes + -ine, after its type locality in the Andes of Colombia.

(mineralogy) Sodium calcium aluminum silicate, (Na_xCa_xAlSi_3O_8), a plagioclase feldspar, the third member of the albite-anorthite solid solution series. Found in fine-grained andesite lavas; crystals are rarely seen.


albite

From Latin albus (“white”), the common color of the mineral, + -ite.

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar, the first member of the Albite-Anorthite solid solution series.


orthoclase

orthoclase (countable and uncountable, plural orthoclases)

(mineralogy) Potassium aluminum silicate, KAlSi₃O₈, a common feldspar of igneous, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks. Orthoclase is the main feldspar of pegmatite occurrences, where it is most commonly flesh-colored. Orthoclase is used in the ceramic and glass industries and as a decorative gravel.


plagioclase

plagioclase (usually uncountable, plural plagioclases)

From plagio- + -clase, after German Plagioklas.

These crystals are of one of the most abundant minerals in nature – feldspar; furthermore, they are of a particular kind of feldspar rich in the element calcium, termed plagioclase.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 51:

(mineralogy) Any of a group of aluminum silicate feldspathic minerals ranging in their ratio of calcium to sodium.


bytownite

bytownite (usually uncountable, plural bytownites)

From Bytown + -ite, named for the type locality in Bytown (now Ottawa), Canada, but this locality was later discredited. The name, however, was kept.

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar, the fifth member of the Albite-Anorthite solid solution series. Bytownite is rare, and normally occurs in small grains in lime-rich igneous rocks. Clear pale yellow crystals have come from Mexico and Oregon.


feldspar

feldspar (countable and uncountable, plural feldspars)

Partial calque of German Feldspat, formed from Feld (“field”) + Spat (“spar”), the second element replaced with the English cognate spar.

(mineralogy) Any of a large group of rock-forming minerals that, together, make up about 60% of the earth's outer crust.

veldspaat

any of a large group of rock-forming minerals


labradorite

labradorite (usually uncountable, plural labradorites)

/ˈlæb.ɹəˌdɔɹˌaɪt/

/ˌlæb.ɹəˈdɔɹˌaɪt/

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar mineral, calcium sodium aluminum silicate, often very coarsely crystalline, used as a decorative stone for carvings and building façades.


anorthite

anorthite (countable and uncountable, plural anorthites)

From Ancient Greek αν- (an-, “not”) + ὀρθός (orthós, “straight”) "not perpendicular; less than straight", in reference to its odd.

(mineralogy) A variety of plagioclase feldspar, the calcium endmember of that series.


nepheline

nepheline (countable and uncountable, plural nephelines)

From Ancient Greek νεφέλη (nephélē, “cloud”), because crystals become cloudy when exposed to acid, + -ine.

(mineralogy) A feldspathoid mineral of silica-poor igneous, plutonic and volcanic rocks. Chemically, nepheline is a plagioclase feldspar with insufficient silica to satisfy the chemical bonds. Because of the unfilled bonds, nepheline weathers rapidly and can only be seen as inclusions in freshly broken rock.


leucite

leucite (countable and uncountable, plural leucites)

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + -ite.

(mineralogy) A mineral of silica-poor igneous, plutonic and volcanic rocks. Chemically, leucite is a potassium feldspar with insufficient silica to satisfy the chemical bonds. Because of the unfilled bonds, leucite weathers rapidly and can only be seen as inclusions in freshly broken rock.


morganite

morganite (countable and uncountable, plural morganites)

(mineralogy) A gemstone of pegmatite deposits. Morganite is a transparent pink variety of beryl.


tridymite

tridymite (countable and uncountable, plural tridymites)

The name refers to the peculiar habit of crystallizing in groups of three individuals.

(mineralogy) A rare mineral of volcanic rocks that solidified at a high temperature, with the chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO₂. Tridymite is chemically identical to quartz, but has a different crystal structure. Sometimes contains sodium aluminum silicate, which seems to be expelled when quartz solidifies at lower temperatures.


cristobalite

cristobalite (countable and uncountable, plural cristobalites)

Named for the type locality at Cerro San Cristóbal, Mexico, + -ite.

(mineralogy) A mineral of volcanic rocks that solidified at a high temperature. Cristobalite is chemically identical to quartz, with the chemical formula SiO₂, but has a different crystal structure. Crystals are always microscopic, and usually form small rounded masses.


sodalite

sodalite (countable and uncountable, plural sodalites)

Named for the alkaline silicate composition.

(mineralogy) A mineral of alkaline igneous and plutonic rocks that are low in silica, of the chemical composition of sodium aluminum silicate with chlorine, Na₄Al₃Si₃O₁₂Cl. Pink sodalite is sometimes called hackmanite. Sodalite and lazurite form the sodalite Group of silicate minerals.


lazurite

lazurite (usually uncountable, plural lazurites)

From Medieval Latin lazur (“lapis lazuli”) (from Arabic لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward), from Persian لاژورد (lâžvard)) + -ite.

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

(mineralogy) A mineral of metamorphosed limestones. Lazurite forms the gemstone lapis lazuli, and crushed lazurite provided the ultramarine color in artists' paint of the Old Masters. Sodalite and lazurite form the sodalite group of silicate minerals. Chemical composition: Sodium aluminum silicate with sulphur, Na₄₋₅Al₃Si₃O₁₂S.


limestone

limestone (countable and uncountable, plural limestones)

a limestone viaduct

As each blast furnace uses 200 tons of limestone daily, and each limestone kiln 150 tons, a total of 730 tons of limestone has to be carried daily, in addition to limestone chippings, which are sold.

1939 July, “What the Railways are Doing: The New Ebbw Vale Steelworks”, in Railway Magazine, page 68:

The house was a big elaborate limestone affair, evidently new. Winter sunshine sparkled on lace-hung casement, on glass marquise, and the burnished bronze foliations of grille and door.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

An abundant rock of marine and fresh-water sediments; primarily composed of calcite (CaCO₃); it occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous.


quartz

quartz (countable and uncountable, plural quartzes)

→ Malay: kuarza

From German Quarz, from Middle High German (Central East German) quarz, twarc, from a West Slavic language [compare Polish twardy (“hard”), Czech tvrdý (“hard”)], from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ.

The telescope and collimator have each an object-glass consisting of a single lens of quartz 1½ inch diameter and a focal length of 18½ inches for the sodium yellow light, but not more than 16 inches for the highest rays measured.

1883, George Downing Liveing, James Dewar, “On the Ultra-Violet Spectra of the Elements”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 174, Barrison and Sons, part I, page 188:

Subsequently, the old Malay brought him the present specimen in a state of torpidity, telling him he had found it in a cavity of the quartz reef.

1892 April 14, Armiger Barczinsky, “The Golden Snail”, in Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave), editor, The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 272, page 331:

My meat eats me. Who waits at the gate? / Mother of quartz, your words writhe into my ear. / Renew the light, lewd whisper.

1948, Theodore Roethke, “The Shape of the Fire”, in The Lost Son and Other Poems; republished in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke, 1975, →ISBN, page 62:

(mineralogy) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO₂. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.


ametista

From Latin amethystus, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “remedy against inebriation”), from ἀ- (a-) (privative prefix) + μεθύειν (methúein, “to become inebriated”).


ametista

Borrowed from Latin amethystus f, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “not drunk”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μεθύω (methúō, “to be drunk”), from μέθυ (méthu, “wine”).


asbestos

en-noun

asbestos (countable and uncountable, plural asbestoses or (rare) asbesti)

asbestoses (plural)
asbesti (plural rare)

From Old French abestos, from Latin asbestos, itself from Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος (ásbestos, “unquenchable, inextinguishable”), from ᾰ̓- (ă-, “not”) + σβέννῡμῐ (sbénnūmĭ, “I quench, quell”).

der

All types of asbestos are potentially carcinogenic when inhaled.

Asbestos insulation was once ubiquitous.

Consul Baker, of Antung, China, states that valuable deposits of asbestos have been found in the vicinity of Kuantien, a small town lying about 45 miles northeast of Antung.[…]There are three mines now in operation, each employing about 30 workers. These workers, however, are mostly farmers who devote only their spare time to mining and use simply hammers and chisels and gather only the asbestos which lies near the surface.

1913 February, “Asbestos Mines in China”, in Mines and Minerals, volume XXXIII, number 7, Scranton, PA, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 398, column 3:

Insulation against sound and changes in external temperature is given by a thickness of asbestos on the inside of the panels.

1946 November and December, “New L.M.S.R. Royal Coaches”, in Railway Magazine, page 371:

(mineralogy) Any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate, used for fireproofing, electrical insulation, building materials, brake linings, chemical filters, suits, fireman's gloves, etc.

asbes

any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate

blue asbestos

(forms of magnesium silicate): serpentine: parachrysotile, amianthus, common asbestos, chrysotile; amphibole

(mineralogy) Any of asbestos-like forms of several minerals, asbestiforms


magnetite

From magnet + -ite, after German Magnetit.

Coordinate term: hematite

Appropriately enough, the commonest of these, a simple iron oxide, is called magnetite.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 137:

(mineralogy) A magnetic mineral, Fe₃O₄, one of the primary ores of iron.


uranite

en-noun

uranite (countable and uncountable, plural uranites)

A dark, lustrous, heavy mineral, a source of uranium and radium.


pitchblende

pitchblende (countable and uncountable, plural pitchblendes)

From German Pechblende, from Pech (“pitch”) + Blende (“blende”).

Working in Paris in 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie processed thousands of pounds of pitchblende from the same glass-factory tailings in order to isolate two radioactive elements that had hitherto been unknown: radium and polonium.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 205:

(mineralogy) Naturally-occurring uranium oxide, a variety of the mineral uraninite.


ardezo

eo-head

ardezo (accusative singular ardezon, plural ardezoj, accusative plural ardezojn)

ardezon (accusative singular)
ardezoj (plural)
ardezojn (accusative plural)


heliotrope

en-noun

heliotrope (countable and uncountable, plural heliotropes)

PIE word
 *sóh₂wl̥
The noun is borrowed from French héliotrope, from Latin hēliotropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”), from Ancient Greek ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēlĭotrópĭon, “European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum); bloodstone; solar clock, sundial”), from ἥλῐος (hḗlĭos, “the sun”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“the sun”)) + τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”) (from τρέπω (trépō, “to rotate; to turn”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns from verbs)) + -ῐον (-ĭon, diminutive suffix forming nouns).
The French-derived spelling displaced Middle English elitrope, eliotropius, elitropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”) [and other forms], from Old English eliotropus, from Latin hēliotropium (see above); and Old English siġelhweorfa, sōlsece, and sunnfolgend (“heliotrope flower”).
Sense 6 (“synonym of bloodstone”) is from the fact that a piece of the mineral placed in water is said to change the sun’s rays to a blood-red colour: see the 1601 quotation.
The adjective is probably derived from the noun.

ref

From the B. A. Colonna collection, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.

nb...

eliscrope, eliotropia, elitrepie, elitropius

heliotropi

plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun

garden heliotrope

Heliotropium arborescens or Valeriana officinalis

The pretious ſtone Heliotropium, is found in Æthiopia, Affricke, and Cyprus: the ground thereof is a deepe greene in manner of a leeke, but the ſame is garniſhed vvith veins of bloud: the reaſon of the name Heliotropium is this, For that if it be throvvne into a paile of vvater, it chaungeth the raies of the Sun by vvay of reverberation into a bloudie colour, eſpecially that vvhich commeth out of Æthiopia: the ſame beeing vvithout the vvater, doth repreſent the bodie of the Sun, like unto a mirroir:[…]

[1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVII.] Of Certaine Gems Digested in Order According to the Alphabet.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 627:

Amid this dread exuberance of woe / Ran naked spirits wing'd with horrid fear, / Nor hope had they of crevice where to hide, / Or heliotrope to charm them out of view.

1814, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXIV”, in H[enry] F[rancis] Cary, transl., The Vision; or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, of Dante Alighieri. […], volume I (Hell), London: […] [J. Barfield] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 104, lines 89–92:

(countable, uncountable, mineralogy) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite”)

heliotrop

synonym of bloodstone — see also bloodstone


ogle

ogle (nominative singular)
ogles (nominative plural)
ogli (accusative singular)
ogles (accusative plural)
ogles (genitive singular)
ogļu (genitive plural)
oglei (dative singular)
oglēm (dative plural)
ogli (instrumental singular)
oglēm (instrumental plural)
oglē (locative singular)
oglēs (locative plural)
ogle (singular vocative)
ogles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *anˀglís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥ (“coal”).

aktīvā ogle, aktivētā ogle

melns kā ogle

ogles zīmējumi

kvēlojošas ogles

charcoal (partially burnt organic materials, usually wood)

ogļu atradnes

ogļu ieguve

ogļu rūpniecība

(syn. akmeņogle) coal (mineral deposits, used as industrial fuel)


salt shaker

So she cut the crusts from a pair of chicken sandwiches and set them on a tray along with a saltshaker, a white peach, and a King James bible, and I climbed the stairs to his room.

1995, Michael Chabon, Wonder Boys, Ch.1, at p.4

A small container designed to hold salt and facilitate sprinkling it on food for seasoning purposes.


corundum

en-noun

corundum (countable and uncountable, plural corundums)

From Tamil குருந்தம் (kuruntam, “ruby, sapphire”) First attested in the early 18th century.

etydate

(mineralogy) An extremely hard mineral, a form of aluminum oxide with the chemical formula Al₂O₃, that occurs in the form of the gemstones sapphire and ruby; it is used as an abrasive.


black jack

en-noun

black jack (countable and uncountable, plural black jacks)


cailc

head

cailc f (genitive singular cailce, nominative plural cailceanna)

cailce (genitive singular)
cailceanna (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
cailc (indefinite singular)
cailceanna (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a chailc (indefinite singular)
a chailceanna (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
cailce (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an chailc (definite singular)
na cailceanna (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na cailce (definite singular)
na gcailceanna (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an gcailc (definite singular)
don chailc (definite singular)
leis na cailceanna (definite plural)

From Old Irish cailc (“limestone, lime”), from Latin calx (“limestone”), from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”).


smaragd

smaragd (genitive smaragdi, partitive smaragdi)

smaragdi (genitive)
smaragdi (partitive)


smaragd

smaragdok (plural)
smaragd (nominative singular)
smaragdok (nominative plural)
smaragdot (accusative singular)
smaragdokat (accusative plural)
smaragdnak (dative singular)
smaragdoknak (dative plural)
smaragddal (instrumental singular)
smaragdokkal (instrumental plural)
smaragdért (causal-final singular)
smaragdokért (causal-final plural)
smaragddá (singular translative)
smaragdokká (plural translative)
smaragdig (singular terminative)
smaragdokig (plural terminative)
smaragdként (essive-formal singular)
smaragdokként (essive-formal plural)
smaragdban (inessive singular)
smaragdokban (inessive plural)
smaragdon (singular superessive)
smaragdokon (plural superessive)
smaragdnál (adessive singular)
smaragdoknál (adessive plural)
smaragdba (illative singular)
smaragdokba (illative plural)
smaragdra (singular sublative)
smaragdokra (plural sublative)
smaragdhoz (allative singular)
smaragdokhoz (allative plural)
smaragdból (elative singular)
smaragdokból (elative plural)
smaragdról (delative singular)
smaragdokról (delative plural)
smaragdtól (ablative singular)
smaragdoktól (ablative plural)
smaragdé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
smaragdoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
smaragdéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
smaragdokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
smaragdom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
smaragdjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
smaragdod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
smaragdjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
smaragdja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
smaragdjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
smaragdunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
smaragdjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
smaragdotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
smaragdjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
smaragdjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
smaragdjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language.


agat

agatowy (adjective)
agat (nominative singular)
agaty (nominative plural)
agatu (genitive singular)
agatów (genitive plural)
agatowi (dative singular)
agatom (dative plural)
agat (accusative singular)
agaty (accusative plural)
agatem (instrumental singular)
agatami (instrumental plural)
agacie (locative singular)
agatach (locative plural)
agacie (singular vocative)
agaty (plural vocative)

agat oprawiony w coś

przepiękne agaty

agat mszysty

wykonany z agatu

(mineralogy) agate (semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two)


agat

agat (indefinite nominative singular)
agats (genitive indefinite singular)
agaten (definite nominative singular)
agatens (definite genitive singular)
agater (indefinite nominative plural)
agaters (genitive indefinite plural)
agaterna (definite nominative plural)
agaternas (definite genitive plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓χᾱ́της (ăkhā́tēs).


haematite

en-noun

haematite (countable and uncountable, plural haematites)

(chiefly British spelling) Alternative spelling of hematite


zafiro

From Old Galician-Portuguese çafil, from Old French saphir, from Latin sapphir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “precious stone, gem”),


zafiro

From Latin sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).


verde

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Cognates include Italian verde and French vert.


yeso

Inherited from Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos). Doublet of aljez and gis (both via Arabic).


yeso

Borrowed from Spanish yeso (“gypsum”), from Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos).


minette

The minettes of Buell Mountain are felsic, and many contain ground-mass quartz.

(mineralogy) A mineral deposit consisting of iron ore of sedimentary origin, found in the south of Luxembourg and in Lorraine.


piropo

From Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fire-like”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


piropo

From Latin pyropus, from Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fire-colored”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


piropo

→ Portuguese: piropo


cummingtonite

en-noun

cummingtonite (countable and uncountable, plural cummingtonites)

From Cummington + -ite, since it was originally discovered in Cummington, Massachusetts.

(mineralogy) A mineral, magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide, (Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂.

cummingtoniet

mineral magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide


glance

glance (countable and uncountable, plural glances)

From Late Middle English glaunce (compare glaunce-ore (“type of ore; lead ore used for glazing pottery (?)”)), borrowed from Middle High German glanz (“(adjective) gleaming, glittering, sparkling; (noun) a gleam, glitter, sparkle”), from Old High German glanz (“bright”, adjective), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend-.

der

Short for glance coal (“any hard, lustrous coal such as anthracite”).


vermiculite

en-noun

vermiculite (countable and uncountable, plural vermiculites)

From Latin vermiculus (“wormlet”), for its fibrous nature and tendency to expand into worm-like shapes when heated.

(mineralogy) A hydrated silicate mineral which expands on heating; it is used in insulation and as a medium for planting.


gesso

Inherited from Latin gypsum (“gypsum”), from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos). Doublet of giz, borrowed through Arabic.

plaster (substance used for coating walls and ceilings)


jaspe

Borrowed from Latin iaspis, from Ancient Greek ἴασπις (íaspis).


cinnabar

cinnabar (countable and uncountable, plural cinnabars)

/ˈsɪn.əˌbɑɹ/

/ˈsɪn.əˌbɑɹ/

First attested in the mid-15th century. From Middle English cynabare, from Old French cinabre, from Latin cinnabaris, from Ancient Greek κιννάβαρι (kinnábari), of unknown origin.

A deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion.


diamant

Borrowed from French and Old French diamant


diamant

Borrowed from French and Old French diamant.


diamant

diamant (nominative singular)
diamanty (nominative plural)
diamantu (genitive singular)
diamantů (genitive plural)
diamantu (dative singular)
diamantům (dative plural)
diamant (accusative singular)
diamanty (accusative plural)
diamante (singular vocative)
diamanty (plural vocative)
diamantu (locative singular)
diamantech (locative plural)
diamantem (instrumental singular)
diamanty (instrumental plural)

bor+

Borrowed from French and Old French diamant


diamant

head

diamant c (singular definite diamanten, plural indefinite diamanter)

diamanten (definite singular)
diamanter (indefinite plural)
diamant (indefinite nominative singular)
diamanten (definite nominative singular)
diamanter (indefinite nominative plural)
diamanterne (definite nominative plural)
diamants (genitive indefinite singular)
diamantens (definite genitive singular)
diamanters (genitive indefinite plural)
diamanternes (definite genitive plural)

From Medieval Latin diamans, probably from metathesis of Late Latin adimas, from Latin adamās, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


diamant

From Middle Dutch diamant, from Old French diamant, from Medieval Latin and Late Latin diamas, variant of Latin adamas.
The typographic use derives from Dirck Voskens, who first cut it around 1700 and presumably named it by analogy with the larger parel.


diamant

→ Czech: diamant

→ Romanian: diamant

Inherited from Middle French diamant, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, probably from metathesis of adimas (whence aimant), from Latin adamās, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


diamant

diamant m (genitive singular diamaint, nominative plural diamaint)

diamaint (genitive singular)
diamaint (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
diamant (indefinite singular)
diamaint (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a dhiamaint (indefinite singular)
a dhiamanta (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
diamaint (indefinite singular)
diamant (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an diamant (definite singular)
na diamaint (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an diamaint (definite singular)
na ndiamant (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an diamant (definite singular)
don diamant (definite singular)
leis na diamaint (definite plural)
diamant
dhiamant
ndiamant

/ˈdʲiˑəmˠən̪ˠt̪ˠ/

Borrowed from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, from Classical Latin adamās.


diamant

diamanten (definite singular)
diamanter (indefinite plural)
diamantene (definite plural)

Kongen bar en krone av gull, besatt med diamanter.

The king wore a crown of gold set with diamonds.

Sagen er belagt med diamant.


diamant

diamanten (definite singular)
diamantar (indefinite plural)
diamantane (definite plural)

Kongen bar ei krone av gull, innsett med diamantar.

Saga er innsett med diamant.


diamant

diamante (plural)
diamant (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
diamantul (accusative definite nominative singular)
diamante (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
diamantele (accusative definite nominative plural)
diamant (indefinite singular)
diamantului (definite singular)
diamante (indefinite singular)
diamantelor (definite plural)
diamantule (singular vocative)
diamantelor (vocative)


diamant

(mineralogy, gemstone, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) diamond


diamant

diamant (indefinite nominative singular)
diamants (genitive indefinite singular)
diamanten (definite nominative singular)
diamantens (definite genitive singular)
diamanter (indefinite nominative plural)
diamanters (genitive indefinite plural)
diamanterna (definite nominative plural)
diamanternas (definite genitive plural)


malachite

en-noun

malachite (countable and uncountable, plural malachites)

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochītis, from Ancient Greek μολόχη (molókhē, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).

der

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 14, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A bright green mineral, a basic copper carbonate, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂; one of the principal ores of copper.


malachite

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochitis, from Ancient Greek μαλαχή (malakhḗ, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).


selenite

en-noun

selenite (countable and uncountable, plural selenites)

From Ancient Greek σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”) + -ite; the chemistry sense comes via the name of the element selenium.

I followed them to my study, and found lying on my writing-table still, with the selenite paper-weight upon it, the sheet of work I had left on the afternoon of the opening of the cylinder.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 295:

Glass windows replaced the old tiny windows of selenite (crystallized gypsum), and stovepipe replaced adobe chimneys.

1994, Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built, New York: Viking, →ISBN, page 146:

(mineralogy) A soft, glassy form of gypsum (chemical formula CaSO₄·2H₂O).


selenite

From Latin selēnītēs, from Ancient Greek σεληνῑ́της (selēnī́tēs, “moonstone”), derived from σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”).


cinabro

eo-head

cinabro (accusative singular cinabron, plural cinabroj, accusative plural cinabrojn)

cinabron (accusative singular)
cinabroj (plural)
cinabrojn (accusative plural)

From Italian cinabro and French cinabre, both from Latin cinnabaris, from Ancient Greek κιννάβαρι (kinnábari).


serpentine

From Middle English serpentine, from Old French serpentin, from Latin serpentīnus, from serpēns (“serpent”), equivalent to serpent + -ine.

(mathematics) Any of several related cubic curves; anguinea

It is reached by five-and-twenty steps of porphyry and serpentine.

2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 394:

(mineralogy) Any of several green/brown minerals consisting of magnesium and iron silicates that have similar layered crystal structure, whose appearance somewhat resembles a snake's skin.

(geology) An outcrop or region with soil and rock dominated by these minerals.


castor

Named from Greek mythology; see Castor and Pollux. The name pollux was given to another mineral with which it was always found.

(mineralogy) A variety of petalite found in Elba.


Diamant

de-noun

Diamant m (weak, genitive Diamanten, plural Diamanten)

Diamanten (genitive)
Diamanten (plural)
Diamant (nominative singular)
Diamanten (definite nominative plural)
Diamanten (genitive singular)
Diamanten (definite genitive plural)
Diamanten (dative singular)
Diamanten (dative definite plural)
Diamanten (accusative singular)
Diamanten (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German dīemant, dīamant, dīamante, borrowed from Old French diamant.

(uncountable) diamond (allotrope of carbon)


Feldspat

Feldspat m (strong, genitive Feldspats, plural Feldspate)

Feldspats (genitive)
Feldspate (plural)
Feldspat (nominative singular)
Feldspate (definite nominative plural)
Feldspats (genitive singular)
Feldspate (definite genitive plural)
Feldspat (dative singular)
Feldspaten (dative definite plural)
Feldspat (accusative singular)
Feldspate (accusative definite plural)


Smaragd

Smaragd m (strong, genitive Smaragdes or Smaragds, plural Smaragde)

Smaragdes (genitive)
Smaragds (genitive)
Smaragde (plural)
Smaragd (nominative singular)
Smaragde (definite nominative plural)
Smaragdes (genitive singular)
Smaragds (genitive singular)
Smaragde (definite genitive plural)
Smaragd (dative singular)
Smaragde (dative singular)
Smaragden (dative definite plural)
Smaragd (accusative singular)
Smaragde (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German smaract, from Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language. Also written schmaragd in Early Modern German, and still widely so pronounced until the diffusion of the Siebs standard.


Talk

Talk m (strong, genitive Talkes or Talks, no plural)

Talkes (genitive)
Talks (genitive)
Talk (nominative singular)
Talkes (genitive singular)
Talks (genitive singular)
Talk (dative singular)
Talke (dative singular)
Talk (accusative singular)


urania

(mineralogy) Any of several impure mixtures of uranium oxides.


jasper

en-noun

jasper (countable and uncountable, plural jaspers)

From Middle English jasper, jaspre, from Old French jaspre, a variant of jaspe (modern French jaspe), from Latin iaspis, from Ancient Greek ἴασπις (íaspis).

(obsolete) Any bright-coloured kind of chalcedony apart from cornelian.

An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking conchoidally with a smooth surface.


jasper

(UK, West Country, Somerset, colloquial) A wasp.

And list'nin to some big out-a-town jasper / Hearin' him tell about horse-race gamblin' / Not a wholesome trottin' race, no!

1957, Meredith Willson, “Ya Got Trouble”, in The Music Man:

"I stood there through almost an hour of it before they called Rooster Cogburn to the stand. I had guessed wrong as to which one he was, picking out a younger and slighter man with a badge on his shirt. And I was surprised when an old one-eyed jasper that was built along the lines of Grover Cleveland went up and was sworn."

1968, Charles Portis, “True Grit”, in The Saturday Evening Post:

Standing on the corner like a just-got-in-town jasper

1975, “Nighthawk Postcards (From Easy Street)”, in Nighthawks at the Diner, performed by Tom Waits:

“That jasper,” sniggered Darby, “never pulled out his ‘dummy’ for nothing but pissing, I bet you!”

2006, Thomas Pynchon, “The Light over the Ranges”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 110:

(US, slang) A person, a guy, especially seen as naïve or simple.


muscovite

muscovite (countable and uncountable, plural muscovites)

In 1850 from Muscovy glass + -ite, from the province Muscovy in Russia. Named by James Dwight Dana.

Do you enjoy the amber glow seen through the isinglass window of a wood stove? […] Muscovite (colorless, white, or pale red or green) mica is also common[…]; it was named for Moskva (Moscow), where much of Europe's mica was mined. Isinglass, mentioned above, consists of thin, transparent sheets of muscovite.

2009, James S. Monroe, Reed Wicander, The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution, 5th edition, Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, →ISBN, page 76:

(mineralogy) A pale brown mineral of the mica group, being a basic potassium aluminosilicate with the chemical formula KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH,F)₂; used as an electrical insulator etc.


muscovite

→ Romanian: muscovit


lapis lazuli

lapis lazuli (countable and uncountable, plural lapides lazuli or lapis lazulis)

lapides lazuli (plural)
lapis lazulis (plural)

From Middle English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) + lazulī, genitive singular of lazulum (“lapis lazuli, azure, the sky”), from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli, azure”), from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard). Compare azure, of the same origin.

der

He saw the amber silk curtains wave to and fro: the middle window was open; in it stood a pillar of lapis lazuli, which supported an alabaster figure, Canova's Dansatrice.

1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, page 66:

(mineralogy) A deep-blue stone, used in making jewelry, and traditionally used to make the pigment ultramarine.


lapis lazuli

Borrowed from English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) and lazulī (“of the heavens”).


lapis lazuli

Internationalism; compare English lapis lazuli, French lapis-lazuli, German Lapislazuli.


jantar

pl-noun

jantar m inan (related adjective jantarowy)

jantarowy (adjective)
jantar (nominative singular)
jantary (nominative plural)
jantaru (genitive singular)
jantarów (genitive plural)
jantarowi (dative singular)
jantarom (dative plural)
jantar (accusative singular)
jantary (accusative plural)
jantarem (instrumental singular)
jantarami (instrumental plural)
jantarze (locative singular)
jantarach (locative plural)
jantarze (singular vocative)
jantary (plural vocative)

Derived from Lithuanian gintàras, possibly via Russian янта́рь (jantárʹ).


heliotropo

eo-head

heliotropo (accusative singular heliotropon, plural heliotropoj, accusative plural heliotropojn)

heliotropon (accusative singular)
heliotropoj (plural)
heliotropojn (accusative plural)


hornblende

en-noun

hornblende (countable and uncountable, plural hornblendes)

From German Hornblende, from Horn (“horn”) + Blende (see blende).

(mineralogy) A green to black amphibole mineral, of complex structure, formed in the late stages of cooling in igneous rock.


amphibole

From French amphibole, coined by René Just Haüy from Ancient Greek ἀμφίβολος (amphíbolos, “ambiguous”), in reference to its many forms.

uder

Remember when we could see the mountain's peak?
The sparkle off the amphibole.

(mineralogy) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.

amfíbol

Any of a large group of similar hydrated double silicate minerals


zincite

en-noun

zincite (usually uncountable, plural zincites)

(mineralogy) A yellow, orange or dark-red mineral form of zinc oxide, often also containing small amounts of manganese, with a chemical formula (Zn,Mn²⁺)O, an important ore of zinc.


labrador

labrador (nominative singular)
labradory (nominative plural)
labradora (genitive singular)
labradorów (genitive plural)
labradorowi (dative singular)
labradorom (dative plural)
labradora (accusative singular)
labradory (accusative plural)
labradorem (instrumental singular)
labradorami (instrumental plural)
labradorze (locative singular)
labradorach (locative plural)
labradorze (singular vocative)
labradory (plural vocative)


griceite

Named after Joel D. Grice, a Canadian mineralogist.

(mineralogy) A mineral, lithium fluoride, that occurs as white aggregates in other minerals, such as fluorite.


fluorite

fluorite (countable and uncountable, plural fluorites)

Fluorite is the main natural resource of Thailand.

(mineralogy) A widely occurring mineral (calcium fluoride), of various colours, used as a flux in steelmaking, and in the manufacture of glass, enamels and hydrofluoric acid.


haidingerite

From Haidinger + -ite, named in honor of Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger.

(mineralogy) A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime, its formula is Ca(AsO₃OH)·H₂O

Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger
haidingerite


cockle

From Middle English cokel, cokkel, kokkel, cocle, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a diminutive of Middle English cokke, cok (“cockle”), from Old English cocc (found in sǣcocc (“cockle”)) + -le; or perhaps from Old French coquille, from Vulgar Latin *cocchilia, from conchylia, from Ancient Greek κογχύλιον (konkhúlion), diminutive of κογχύλη (konkhúlē, “mussel”), of Pre-Greek substrate origin.

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

(mining, UK, Cornwall) The mineral black tourmaline or schorl.


Achat

de-noun

Achat m (strong, genitive Achates or Achats, plural Achate)

Achates (genitive)
Achats (genitive)
Achate (plural)
Achat (nominative singular)
Achate (definite nominative plural)
Achates (genitive singular)
Achats (genitive singular)
Achate (definite genitive plural)
Achat (dative singular)
Achate (dative singular)
Achaten (dative definite plural)
Achat (accusative singular)
Achate (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German achāt. Cognate with Latin achātēs.


zeolite

en-noun

zeolite (countable and uncountable, plural zeolites)

From Swedish zeolit, and its source, New Latin zeolites, from Ancient Greek ζέω (zéō, “to boil, bubble”) + -lite.

der

What I liked best were the zeolites from the stacks which rise out of the sea off the coast near Jaci.

1962, WH Auden, Elizabeth Mayer, translating JW Goethe, Italian Journey, Penguin, published 1970, page 284:

ion exchange chromatography
ion exchange chromatography

(mineralogy) Any of several minerals, aluminosilicates of sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium, that have a porous structure (originally, those which swelled and gave off water when heated); they are used in water softeners and in ion exchange chromatography.


montmorillonite

en-noun

montmorillonite (countable and uncountable, plural montmorillonites)

(mineralogy) Any of a group of soft, clay-like silicate minerals having many industrial and technical uses.


montmorillonite

fr-noun

montmorillonite f (plural montmorillonites)


montmorillonite

it-noun

montmorillonite f (plural montmorilloniti)


alabaster

From Middle English alabastre, from Old French alabastre, from Latin alabaster (“box for perfumes or unguents”), from Ancient Greek ἀλάβαστρος (alábastros), from earlier ἀλάβαστος (alábastos, “vase without handles for storing perfumes”). This may further derive from Egyptian ꜥj-r-bꜣstjt (“vessel of the Egyptian goddess Bast”). The Latin suffix -aster is unrelated, but may have influenced the spelling of the borrowing from Ancient Greek (whence a direct loan could have been rendered as *alabastrus).

der

The crown is stored in an alabaster box with an onyx handle and a gold lock.

And being in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, as he sat at meat, there came a woman having an alabaster box of ointment of spikenard very precious; and she brake the box, and poured it on his head.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 14:3:

An enameled miniature of Christ is set in the center of a jeweled alabaster paten, the plate that holds the bread during Communion services.

1980, Colin Thubron, Seafarers: The Venetians, page 41:


alabaster

alabaster (nominative singular)
alabastry (nominative plural)
alabastru (genitive singular)
alabastrów (genitive plural)
alabastrowi (dative singular)
alabastrom (dative plural)
alabaster (accusative singular)
alabastry (accusative plural)
alabastrem (instrumental singular)
alabastrami (instrumental plural)
alabastrze (locative singular)
alabastrach (locative plural)
alabastrze (singular vocative)
alabastry (plural vocative)

kopalnia alabastru

(zrobiony, wykonany) z alabastru

(mineralogy) alabaster (fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum)


taconite

en-noun

taconite (countable and uncountable, plural taconites)

From Taconic + -ite, after the Taconic Mountains. The name Taconic is from a Lenape language.

A low-grade flint-like iron ore containing 20-30% iron.


zunyite

Named after the Zuni mine, in Colorado; see -ite.

(mineralogy) A fluorosilicate mineral of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals, chemical formula Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl.


磁石

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/hui²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hui¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hui²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/hui²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hui¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hui²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/


malm

malmen (definite singular)
malmer (indefinite plural)
malmene (definite plural)


malm

malmen (definite singular)
malmar (indefinite plural)
malmane (definite plural)

From Old Norse malmr, from Proto-Germanic *malmaz (“sand, ore”). Doublet of malme.


riñón

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *rēniōnem, from Latin rēn (“kidney”), from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”). Cognate with Italian rognone and French rognon.


kips

kipsi (genitive)
kipsi (partitive)
kips (nominative singular)
kipsid (nominative plural)
kips (accusative nominative singular)
kipsid (accusative nominative plural)
kipsi (accusative genitive singular)
kipsid (accusative genitive plural)
kipsi (genitive singular)
kipside (genitive plural)
kipsi (partitive singular)
kipse (partitive plural)
kipsisid (partitive plural)
kipsi (illative singular)
kipsisse (illative singular)
kipsidesse (illative plural)
kipsesse (illative plural)
kipsis (inessive singular)
kipsides (inessive plural)
kipses (inessive plural)
kipsist (elative singular)
kipsidest (elative plural)
kipsest (elative plural)
kipsile (allative singular)
kipsidele (allative plural)
kipsele (allative plural)
kipsil (adessive singular)
kipsidel (adessive plural)
kipsel (adessive plural)
kipsilt (ablative singular)
kipsidelt (ablative plural)
kipselt (ablative plural)
kipsiks (singular translative)
kipsideks (plural translative)
kipseks (plural translative)
kipsini (singular terminative)
kipsideni (plural terminative)
kipsina (essive singular)
kipsidena (essive plural)
kipsita (abessive singular)
kipsideta (abessive plural)
kipsiga (comitative singular)
kipsidega (comitative plural)


indite

(mineralogy) An extremely rare indium-iron sulfide mineral.


lodestone

First attested from 1515, from Middle English lode (“guide”) + stone. From use as a guide tool by mariners. See also: lodestar.


quartzite

en-noun

quartzite (countable and uncountable, plural quartzites)

Following the course of the river from New Ulm to Fort Ridgely, there are several exposures of reddish-brown “granite” or quartzites, which has been quarried in a few places, but I do not feel entirely sure of its connection with the rocks in the prairie or at the Ferry below.

1869, James Hall, “Notes upon the Geology of Some Portions of Minnesota, from St. Paul to the Western Part of the State”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume XIII, page 331:

The stone experimented upon being of the hardest and toughest kind the effect is not seen for several strokes ; but within two minutes, during which the writer watched the experiment, a steel chisel was completely blunted and rendered useless, and there was a hole made about two inches deep in the mass of quartzite placed to operate upon.

1870 November 14, Professor Ansted, “The Passage of the Mont Cenis”, in Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave), editor, The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 229, page 656:

Granites of the usual type, compact reddish or greyish quartz-felsite or rhyolite alternate one with another. A mica-trap is also found. Evidently this is an extension of the last group of rocks. A specimen of epidotic quartzite proves that there are, at any rate, some indications of the metamorphic series.

1883, T. G. Bonney, “On a Collection of Rock Specimens from the Island of Socotra”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 174, page 273:

(mineralogy) A metamorphic rock from sandstone, consisting of interlocking grains of quartz.


meerschaum

meerschaum (countable and uncountable, plural meerschaums)

/ˈmɪər.ʃɔːm/

Borrowed from German Meerschaum (literally “sea foam”).

bor

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 14, in Crime out of Mind:

(uncountable) A soft white mineral, chiefly used for smoking-pipes and cigar holders.


asbestiform

THESE MATERIALS INCLUDE A BROAD RANGE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, SUCH AS HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND POLYHALOGENATED BIPHENYLS, AND A VARIETY OF INORGANIC SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING ASBESTIFORMS AND HEAVY METALS, SUCH AS CADMIUM AND MERCURY.

1976, Great Lakes Water Quality Needs: A Report to the International Joint Commission, July 1976, page 50:

Vermont talc is of cosmetic grade which is low in free silica and asbestiforms.

1977, Scanning Electron Microscopy, page 616, column 2:

The amphibole asbestiforms present a more difficult problem.

1977, Ian M. Stewart, “Selected Thoughts on Asbestos Quantitation”, in I[rvin] M. Asher, P[hilip] P. McGrath, editors, Symposium on Electron Microscopy of Microfibers: Proceedings of the First FDA Office of Science Summer Symposium, section “SEM and TEM Analysis”, page 93, column 2:

(mineralogy) Any of asbestos-like forms of several minerals.


telluride

en-noun

telluride (countable and uncountable, plural tellurides)

(uncountable, mineralogy, in particular) Sylvanite, silver gold telluride.


uran-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-uran-.wav


cryolite

cryolite (countable and uncountable, plural cryolites)

sodium aluminium fluoride
sodium aluminium fluoride

(mineralogy) The mineral sodium aluminium fluoride (Na₃AlF₆).


magnesite

magnesite (countable and uncountable, plural magnesites)

(mineralogy) A form of magnesium carbonate, MgCO₃, occurring as dolomite (with calcite) but rarely found in the pure state.

մագնեզիտ

a form of magnesium carbonate, O3, occurring as dolomite (with calcite) but rarely found in the pure state


gahnite

gahnite (countable and uncountable, plural gahnites)

Named after Swedish chemist Johan Gottlieb Gahn (1745-1818) in 1807.

(mineralogy) A rare mineral ZnAl₂O₄ in the spinel group.


chlorite

chlorite (countable and uncountable, plural chlorites)

/ˈklɔːˌɹʌɪt/

/ˈklɔːˌɹaɪt/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chlorite.wav

From Ancient Greek χλωρῖτις (khlōrîtis).

They have been heated enough to impart a delicate blue-green hue, which is because of the abundance of the ‘low-grade’ metamorphic mineral, chlorite.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 177:

(mineralogy) A dark green mineral resembling serpentine, being a mixed silicate of magnesium, iron and aluminium.


cirkon

cirkonok (plural)
cirkon (nominative singular)
cirkonok (nominative plural)
cirkont (accusative singular)
cirkonokat (accusative plural)
cirkonnak (dative singular)
cirkonoknak (dative plural)
cirkonnal (instrumental singular)
cirkonokkal (instrumental plural)
cirkonért (causal-final singular)
cirkonokért (causal-final plural)
cirkonná (singular translative)
cirkonokká (plural translative)
cirkonig (singular terminative)
cirkonokig (plural terminative)
cirkonként (essive-formal singular)
cirkonokként (essive-formal plural)
cirkonban (inessive singular)
cirkonokban (inessive plural)
cirkonon (singular superessive)
cirkonokon (plural superessive)
cirkonnál (adessive singular)
cirkonoknál (adessive plural)
cirkonba (illative singular)
cirkonokba (illative plural)
cirkonra (singular sublative)
cirkonokra (plural sublative)
cirkonhoz (allative singular)
cirkonokhoz (allative plural)
cirkonból (elative singular)
cirkonokból (elative plural)
cirkonról (delative singular)
cirkonokról (delative plural)
cirkontól (ablative singular)
cirkonoktól (ablative plural)
cirkoné (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
cirkonoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
cirkonéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
cirkonokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
cirkonom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
cirkonjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
cirkonod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
cirkonjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
cirkonja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
cirkonjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
cirkonunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
cirkonjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
cirkonotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
cirkonjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
cirkonjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
cirkonjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From German Zirkon and from French zircon.


cirkon

cìrkōn (canonical masculine)
цѝрко̄н (Cyrillic)
cìrkōn (nominative singular)
cirkóna (genitive singular)
cirkónu (dative singular)
cìrkōn (accusative singular)
cȉrkōne (singular vocative)
cirkónu (locative singular)
cirkónom (instrumental singular)


циркон

ru-noun+

цирко́н • (cirkón) m inan (genitive цирко́на, nominative plural цирко́ны, genitive plural цирко́нов)

цирко́н (canonical)
cirkón (romanization)
цирко́на (genitive)
цирко́ны (nominative plural)
цирко́нов (genitive plural)
цирко́н (nominative singular)
цирко́ны (nominative plural)
цирко́на (genitive singular)
цирко́нов (genitive plural)
цирко́ну (dative singular)
цирко́нам (dative plural)
цирко́н (accusative singular)
цирко́ны (accusative plural)
цирко́ном (instrumental singular)
цирко́нами (instrumental plural)
цирко́не (prepositional singular)
цирко́нах (plural prepositional)

цирко́нъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)


циркон

цѝрко̄н (canonical masculine)
cìrkōn (romanization)
цѝрко̄н (nominative singular)
цирко́на (genitive singular)
цирко́ну (dative singular)
цѝрко̄н (accusative singular)
ци̏рко̄не (singular vocative)
цирко́ну (locative singular)
цирко́ном (instrumental singular)


tourmaline

en-noun

tourmaline (countable and uncountable, plural tourmalines)

From French tourmaline, ultimately from Sinhalese තෝරමල්ලී (tōramallī, “carnelian”)

der

The floor of the chamber was tesselated, of marble and green tourmaline, and on every square of tourmaline was carven the image of a fish: as the dolphin, the conger, the cat-fish, the salmon, the tunny, the squid, and other wonders of the deep.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 3:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 14, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A complex black or dark-coloured borosilicate mineral, compounded with various chemical elements and considered a semi-precious stone.


glimmer

en-noun

glimmer (countable and uncountable, plural glimmers)

From Middle English glimeren, glemeren (“to glimmer”), equivalent to glim (“to shine”) + -er (frequentative suffix). Cognate with German Low German glimmern (“to glimmer”), German glimmern (“to glimmer”), Danish glimre (“to glimmer”), Swedish glimra (“to glimmer”). Doublet of glimpse.


glimmer

Derived from glimre (“glitter, glisten, sparkle”). Sense 2 is from German Glimmer. Has also undergone influence from English.

Glimmer er et mineral som lett spaltes i tynne flak.

Mica is a mineral that easily separates into thin leaves.


glimmer

Derived from glimre (“glitter, glisten, sparkle”), with influence from English. The definition is from German Glimmer.

Glimmer er eit mineral som lett spaltast i tynne flak.


glimmer

glimmer (indefinite nominative singular)
glimmers (genitive indefinite singular)
glimmern (definite nominative singular)
glimmerns (definite genitive singular)


pyroxene

From French pyroxène, from pyro- + Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “stranger”).

By the pathside, there are occasional large boulders that shown black crystals the size of a fingernail; these are pyroxene minerals that had time to crystallise out deep within the chamber of liquid rock – or magma – beneath the volcano.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 10:

(mineralogy) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.


pollucite

From Pollux + ite, named after Pollux, the twin of Castor, as it is often found associated with castorite (now petalite).

(mineralogy) A colorless transparent mineral of the zeolite family consisting of hydrous cesium aluminum silicate and occurring massive or crystallizing in cubes.


zaratite

Spanish zaratita, from Señor Zarate, 19th century Spaniard + Spanish -ita -ite

(mineralogy) a hydrous basic nickel carbonate occurring in emerald-green incrustations or compact masses


obsidian

en-noun

obsidian (usually uncountable, plural obsidians)

From Latin obsidianus; named after Obsidius, who was, according to Pliny, the Roman who discovered the stone in Aethiopia.

The Neolithic culture from 8000 to 6000 B.C., however, was a brilliant period of the revival of crafts, the transformation of gathering into gardening, the growth of a cross-cultural obsidian trade, and the rise of towns.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 130:

(mineralogy) A type of naturally occurring black glass produced by volcanoes.

lawaglas

a type of black glass produced by volcanoes


quartz-diorite

(mineralogy) Any form of diorite containing appreciable amounts of quartz.


anatase

anatase (countable and uncountable, plural anatases)

From French anatase, from Ancient Greek ἀνάτασις (anátasis, “extending, extension”), named for the length of its crystals.

der

(mineralogy) A blue or brown mineral, a form of titanium dioxide, used as a pigment.


anatase

(mineralogy) anatase (form of titanium dioxide used as a pigment)


שוהם

he-noun

שוהם / שֹׁהַם • (shóham) m [pattern: קֹטֶל]

שֹׁהַם (canonical)
shóham (romanization)

Probably borrowed from a form like *šuwahbu(m) meaning ‘the thing forced to be given’ = tribute from an Old South Arabian language spoken in Havilah. This would be an š-causative noun from the common Semitic root w-h-b ‘to give’ (see Sabaic 𐩥𐩠𐩨 whb "to give", Qatabanic 𐩥𐩠𐩨 whb "to give, grant").

(mineralogy) onyx (a banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz)


kernite

From Kern + -ite, since it comes from Kern County, California.

A hydrated borate mineral, Na₂B₄O₆(OH)₂, originally discovered in the Mojave Desert.