Uzbek

Uzbečka (feminine)
Uzbek (nominative singular)
Uzbeci (nominative plural)
Uzbeka (genitive singular)
Uzbekov (genitive plural)
Uzbekovi (dative singular)
Uzbekom (dative plural)
Uzbeka (accusative singular)
Uzbekov (accusative plural)
Uzbekovi (locative singular)
Uzbekoch (locative plural)
Uzbekom (instrumental singular)
Uzbekmi (instrumental plural)


bridegroom

/ˈbɹaɪdˌɡɹuːm/

From Middle English brydgrome, bridegome, from Old English brȳdguma, from Proto-Germanic *brūdigumô; equivalent to Old English brȳd (“bride”) + guma (“man”). Altered by folk etymology to end with groom, with it re-analyzed as or influenced by grom, grome (“attendant”), as guma was obsolete. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Brüüdicham, Dutch bruidegom, Afrikaans bruidegom, German Low German Brödigam, Brüdigam, Brögam, Brügam, Plautdietsch Briegaum, German Bräutigam, Norwegian Bokmål brudgom, Norwegian Nynorsk brudgom, Danish brudgom, Swedish brudgum, Icelandic brúðgumi, Faroese brúðgómur.

A man in the context of his own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.

Briegaum (cf. German Low German: Brügam m)

ženih

Slovene has a very large number of regional synonyms


half brother

en-noun

half brother (plural half brothers or half brethren)

half brothers (plural)
half brethren (plural)

/ˌhæfˈbɹʌðɚ/

From Middle English half-brother, equivalent to half- + brother. Cognate with Dutch halfbroer (“halfbrother”), German Halbbruder (“halfbrother”), Danish halvbroder (“halfbrother”), Swedish halvbroder, halvbror (“halfbrother”), Icelandic hálfbróðir (“halfbrother”).

A male sibling sharing a single parent, as distinguished from a full brother or brother-german, from a step-brother, or from a brother-like figure such as a blood brother.

同母異父

son of the same mother but a different father

同父異母

son of the same father but a different mother


stepbrother

stepbrother (plural stepbrothers or (obsolete) stepbrethren)

stepbrothers (plural)
stepbrethren (obsolete plural)

The son of one's stepparent who is not the son of either of one's biological parents.


half-brother

half-brother (plural half-brothers or half-brethren)

half-brothers (plural)
half-brethren (plural)


baba

As one of the first utterances many babies are able to say, baba (like mama, papa, and dada) has come to be used in many languages as a term for various family members:
* father: Albanian, Arabic, Western Armenian, Chinese, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Greek, Marathi, Mingrelian, Nepali, Persian, Swahili, Turkish, Yoruba, Shona, Zulu
* grandmother: many Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian, Russian, Czech and Polish), Romanian, Yiddish, Japanese
* grandfather: Azerbaijani, Zulu (father, grandfather)
* baby: Afrikaans, Sinhala, Hungarian
These terms often continue to be used by English speakers whose families came from one of these cultures. In some cases, they may become more widely used in localities that have been heavily influenced by an immigrant community. Some senses were extensions of one of these family terms in the original languages ("old woman" from "grandmother", "holy man" from "father"). The "cake" sense comes through French, from Polish baba (“old woman”). The Middle Eastern word baba (as in Ali Baba) is rather a term of endearment, and is ultimately derived from Persian بابا (bābā, “father”) (from Old Persian pāpa; as opposed to the Arabic words أَبُو (ʔabū) and أَب (ʔab); see also Papak), and is linguistically related to the common European word papa and the word pope, having the same Indo-European origin. The Chinese word "baba", meaning father comes from 爸爸.

While I was in Port Alberni, three babas came to Canada to raise money ...

1995, Hugh J.M. Johnston, Tara Singh Bains, The Four Quarters of the Night: The Life-Journey of an Emigrant Sikh:

But according to Ray, 'all the babas my uncle knew were genuine. None of them was exposed. They were fairly humble people, not show-offs like the Maharishi ...

2004, Andrew Robinson, Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker:

Most babas had little contact with written culture and are not therefore named in books and treatises.

2006, Suraiya Faroqhi, Subjects Of The Sultan: Culture And Daily Life In The Ottoman Empire:

(Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) A holy man, a spiritual leader.


baba

sq-noun

babá m (plural baballárë, definite babái)

babá (canonical masculine)
baballárë (plural)
babái (definite)

From Ottoman Turkish بابا (baba), whence Turkish baba.


baba

pl-noun

baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)

babka (diminutive)
babcia (diminutive)
babsko (augmentative)
babisko (augmentative)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bab (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babom (dative plural)
babę (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babą (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię

(derogatory) pansy, big girl's blouse (male of weak or cowardly character)


cyngiel

cyngiel (nominative singular)
cyngle (nominative plural)
cyngla (genitive singular)
cyngli (genitive plural)
cynglowi (dative singular)
cynglom (dative plural)
cyngla (accusative singular)
cyngli (accusative plural)
cynglem (instrumental singular)
cynglami (instrumental plural)
cynglu (locative singular)
cynglach (locative plural)
cynglu (singular vocative)
cyngle (plural vocative)


鬼佬

→ English: gweilo, gwailo, kwailo

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

/kui³³⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

/kui³³⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

Originally Cantonese. From the supposed resemblance of Portuguese and other European skin tones to ghosts.

(chiefly Cantonese, Eastern Min, colloquial, derogatory, sometimes offensive, ethnic slur) gweilo; "foreign devil"; Caucasian; whitey

Terms that include 鬼 and/or 番 are potentially derogatory.


barber

barber m pers (female equivalent barberka)

barberka (feminine)
barber (nominative singular)
barberzy (nominative plural)
barbery (derogatory nominative plural)
barbera (genitive singular)
barberów (genitive plural)
barberowi (dative singular)
barberom (dative plural)
barbera (accusative singular)
barberów (accusative plural)
barberem (instrumental singular)
barberami (instrumental plural)
barberze (locative singular)
barberach (locative plural)
barberze (singular vocative)
barberzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English barber. Doublet of balwierz.

barber (person whose profession is cutting male customers' hair and beards)


farmer

farmer m pers (female equivalent farmerka)

farmerka (feminine)
farmer (nominative singular)
farmerzy (nominative plural)
farmery (derogatory nominative plural)
farmera (genitive singular)
farmerów (genitive plural)
farmerowi (dative singular)
farmerom (dative plural)
farmera (accusative singular)
farmerów (accusative plural)
farmerem (instrumental singular)
farmerami (instrumental plural)
farmerze (locative singular)
farmerach (locative plural)
farmerze (singular vocative)
farmerzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English farmer, from Middle English fermor, fermer, fermour, partly from Old French fermier, from Medieval Latin firmārius, from Latin firma; and partly from Old English feormere, from feormian.

(agriculture) farmer (person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock)


abbas

la-noun

abbās m (genitive abbātis, feminine abbātissa); third declension

abbās (canonical masculine)
abbātis (genitive)
abbātissa (feminine)
abbās (nominative singular)
abbātēs (nominative plural)
abbātis (genitive singular)
abbātum (genitive plural)
abbātī (dative singular)
abbātibus (dative plural)
abbātem (accusative singular)
abbātēs (accusative plural)
abbāte (ablative singular)
abbātibus (ablative plural)
abbās (singular vocative)
abbātēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: abate (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: abbate

Sicilian: abbati

Padanian:

Piedmontese: abà

Romagnol: abêt

Old Occitan:

Catalan: abat

Occitan: abat

West Iberian

Asturian: abá

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: abade
Galician: abade
Portuguese: abade

Old Spanish: abbat, abad

Spanish: abad (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ Crimean Tatar: abbat

→ Danish: abbed

→ Finnish: apotti

→ Georgian: აბატი (abaṭi)

→ Indonesian: abbas

→ Latvian: abats

→ Lithuanian: abatas

→ Middle Dutch: abbet

Dutch: abt
Afrikaans: ab

→ Old English: abbat, abbod

Middle English: abbot, abbod

English: abbot
Gullah: aabut

→ Old Norse: ábóti

Icelandic: ábóti

Norwegian: abbed

→ Old French: abbet (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: abbāt

Middle High German: abbāt

German: Abt

Luxembourgish: Abt

→ Hungarian: apát

→ Czech: opat
→ Polish: opat

→ Macedonian: опат (opat)

→ Serbo-Croatian: опат

→ Slovak: opát

→ Slovene: opat

→ Ukrainian: опат (opat)

→ Old Irish: ap (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Norse: abbati

Faroese: abbati

→ Old Saxon: *abbat

Middle Low German: abbet, abt

→ Old Swedish: abbot

Swedish: abbot

→ Proto-Brythonic: *abad

Breton: abad

Cornish: abas

Middle Welsh: abat

Welsh: abad

→ West Frisian: abt

From Ancient Greek ἀββα, ἀββᾶς (abba, abbâs, “father or abbot”), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).


avus

la-noun

avus m (genitive avī); second declension

avī (genitive)
avus (nominative singular)
avī (nominative plural)
avī (genitive singular)
avōrum (genitive plural)
avō (dative singular)
avīs (dative plural)
avum (accusative singular)
avōs (accusative plural)
avō (ablative singular)
avīs (ablative plural)
ave (singular vocative)
avī (plural vocative)

⇒ Aromanian: aush

Catalan: avi

Spanish: abuelo

French: aïeul

Lombard: av, ev

Italian: avo

⇒ Romanian: auș

Sardinian: abu, àviu, avu

Sicilian: avu

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os (“grandfather, uncle”).

inh

… māternō veniēns ab avō Cyllēnia prōlēs.

[... Mercury, that] child of [Mount] Cyllene, approaching from [the mountain of] his maternal grandfather, [Atlas].
(Mount Atlas is personified as the Titan Atlas, father of Maia, the mother of Mercury, who was born on Mount Cyllene.)


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetian: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi
Middle French: roy
French: roi
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx

inh

(derogatory) despot, tyrant (during the time of the Republic when there were no kings and executive power was usually divided)


pater

Tok Pisin: pater

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Italic *patēr
Latin paterbor.
English pater
Borrowed from Latin pater (“father”). Doublet of ayr, faeder, father, padre, and père.

doublet

Coordinate term: mater

Burlington Bertie's the latest young jay
He rents a swell flat somewhere Kensington way
He spends the good oof that his pater has made
Along with the Brandy and Soda Brigade.

1900, Harry B. Norris (lyrics and music), “Burlington Bertie”:

The pater is the kindest-hearted old soul, but there are times when he hates me. I'm a thing which every decent middle-class person hates, a problem, like the unemployed, you know, or the ex-soldier. We are always in such a hurry to forget uncomfortable things, and I'm an uncomfortable thing. Poor old dad; he gets me at breakfast; he gets me in the morning paper.

1923, Warwick Deeping, The Secret Sanctuary, e-artnow, published 2021:

Strangled by the wishes of pater / Hoping for the arms of mater / Get to me the sooner or later

1985, Mick Hucknall, Neil Moss (lyrics and music), “Holding Back the Years”, in Picture Book, performed by Simply Red:


pater

la-noun

pater m (genitive patris); third declension

patris (genitive)
pater (nominative singular)
patrēs (nominative plural)
patris (genitive singular)
patrum (genitive plural)
patrī (dative singular)
patribus (dative plural)
patrem (accusative singular)
patrēs (accusative plural)
patre (ablative singular)
patribus (ablative plural)
pater (singular vocative)
patrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: pate

Old Italian: patre

Italian: padre
→ English: padre

Sicilian: patri

Western Romance:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: pèder, pär

Ligurian: paire, poæ

Old Lombard: patre

Lombard: pader, pare

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: patr′, paddö, pà, pätri

Piedmontese: pare, peri

Venetian: pare

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pâre

desctree

Old French: pere, pedre
Bourguignon: peire
Middle French: pere
French: père
→ Dutch: pere
→ English: père
Norman: père, pére, péthe
Walloon: pere

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: pá, pai, padre

Extremaduran: pairi

Leonese: pai

Mirandese: pai

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: pai

Old Galician-Portuguese: padre
Galician: padre
Portuguese: padre (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old Galician-Portuguese: pay
Galician: pai
Portuguese: pai (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: padre

Ladino:

Hebrew script: פאדרי

Latin script: padre

Spanish: padre
→ Classical Nahuatl: padre
→ English: padre
→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: pa̱lej
→ Tagalog: pari

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: paire
Occitan: paire

Catalan: pare

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pari

Romansch: pader

→ Dutch: pater

→ English: pater
Tok Pisin: pater

→ Romanian: pater

→ Welsh: pader

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Italic *patēr
Latin pater
From Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. As a titular suffix, shares cognate roots with Old Latin Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), Latin Iuppiter (“Jupiter”).


minor

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

He... to þe menours ordre went

1447, Osbern Bokenham, Legendys of Hooly Wummen, l. 10520:

(Catholicism) Alternative letter-case form of Minor: a Franciscan friar, a Clarist nun.


frater

la-noun

frāter m (genitive frātris); third declension

frāter (canonical masculine)
frātris (genitive)
frāter (nominative singular)
frātrēs (nominative plural)
frātris (genitive singular)
frātrum (genitive plural)
frātrī (dative singular)
frātribus (dative plural)
frātrem (accusative singular)
frātrēs (accusative plural)
frātre (ablative singular)
frātribus (ablative plural)
frāter (singular vocative)
frātrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: frati

Istro-Romanian: fråte

Romanian: frate

Dalmatian:

frutro

Italo-Romance:

Italian: frate
→ English: fra

Neapolitan: frate

Sicilian: frati

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: frade

North Italian:

Friulian: fradi

Istriot: fra

Old Piedmontese: frère, frer

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: frær

Old Ligurian: frae

Ligurian: fræ, frai

Lombard: frar

Romansch: frar

desc

Venetian: frade, brade (influenced by germanic)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: frâre

Old French: frere (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: frare

Old Occitan: fraire (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: frade

Galician: frade

Portuguese: frade

Old Spanish: fradre, frade (early)

Borrowings:

→? Albanian: frat

→ Dutch: frater (learned)

→ Indonesian: frater

→ English: frater (learned)

→ German: Frater (learned)

From Proto-Italic *frātēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


paw

The word probably has an origin in baby talk: see ‘pa’.

par (non-rhotic, cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)

pa (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)


alumnus

la-noun

alumnus m (genitive alumnī, feminine alumna); second declension

alumnī (genitive)
alumna (feminine)
alumnus (nominative singular)
alumnī (nominative plural)
alumnī (genitive singular)
alumnōrum (genitive plural)
alumnō (dative singular)
alumnīs (dative plural)
alumnum (accusative singular)
alumnōs (accusative plural)
alumnō (ablative singular)
alumnīs (ablative plural)
alumne (singular vocative)
alumnī (plural vocative)

English: alumnus

Catalan: alumne

Italian: alunno

Portuguese: aluno

Romanian: alumn

Spanish: alumno

[äˈɫ̪ʊmnʊs̠]

* From Proto-Italic *alomanos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-o-mh₁no- (“being nourished”), mediopassive participle (see *-mh₁nos) of *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) (whence alō).
* Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) + *-mno- (see *-mn̥).

der

pervenit ad Cranēn et rem docet, illa ‘timōrem
pōne: tuus sospes’ dīxit ‘alumnus erit.’
She comes to Cranê and tells her what has happened; [and to] that, Cranê replies: “Put fear aside; your nursling will be unharmed.”
(A nurse-maid summons Cranê’s aid because a baby has been attacked by striges; however, Ovid in these verses conflates names and mythologies: see Cardea.)


pope

Jamaican Creole: puop

Tok Pisin: pop

→ Hindi: पोप (pop)

→ Urdu: پوپ (pop)

From Middle English pope, popa, from Old English pāpa, from Vulgar Latin papa (title for priests and bishops, esp. and by 8th c. only the bishop of Rome), from early Byzantine Greek παπᾶς (papâs, title for priests and bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from late Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests and bishops, in the sense of spiritual father), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

We often say, that every man has a pope in his belly.

1689, G. Bulkeley, “People's Right to Election”, in Andros Tracts, published 1869, II. 106:

Burne-Jones... accepted him [Dante Gabriel Rossetti] as the infallible Pope of Art.

Both [discoveries] were rejected offhand by the popes of the field.

Above all, the SED reformers cite the progress inherent in the emancipation of Westem Communist parties from the "red popes in the Kremlin."

1978, Atlas World Press Review, volume 25, page 19:

(Roman Catholicism and generally) An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.

(by extension, now often ironic) Any similarly absolute and 'infallible' authority.

In þat yle dwelleth the Pope of hire lawe, þat þei clepen lobassy.

c. 1400, John Mandeville, Travels (Titus C.xvi, 1919), 205

Mufti, the Mahometan pope or chief of the religion.

1787, Vincent Mignot, translated by A. Hawkins, The history of the Turkish, or Ottoman Empire, section IV:

Although Islam has no formal hierarchy of clergy, Tantawy [Egypt's grand imam] often is called the Muslim pope.

(by extension) Any similar head of a religion.

Eche day there etyn in his court xii erchebeshopis and xx bishopis, and the patriak of Seynt Thomays is as here pope.

ante''' 1500, John Mandeville, Travels (Rawl., 1953), 103

Ramone, known as ‘the Pope of Pop’ is one of the top record producer-engineers in the world.

(uncommon) A theocrat, a priest-king, including (at first especially) over the imaginary land of Prester John or (now) in figurative and alliterative uses.

This is the only piece in which the author has given a hint of his religion, by ridiculing the ceremony of burning the pope, and by mentioning with some indignation the inscription […]

1830, Alexander Pope, The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, page xxi:

As York's succession was challenged by burning the pope, the Duke of Monmouth was again heralded in the city as a Protestant alternative.

2005, Gary S. De Krey, London and the Restoration, 1659–1683, →ISBN, page 182:

(UK) An effigy of the pope traditionally burnt in Britain on Guy Fawkes' Day and (occasionally) at other times.

(US, obsolete) Pope Day, the present Guy Fawkes Day.

Þa wæs in þa tid Uitalius papa þæs apostolican seðles aldorbiscop.

ante''' 950, translating Bede's Ecclesiastical History (Tanner), iv. i. 252

The Pope is not going to issue a bull condemning the Spanish Church's support of France and destroy the Church's right to exist in Spain.

1959 August 19, Flannery O'Connor, letter in Habit of Being (1980), 347

2007 May 5, Ted Koppel (guest), Wait, Wait... Don’t tell me!, National Public Radio
I really did want to interview the pope. Any pope. I'm not particular.


pope

en-verb

pope (third-person singular simple present popes, present participle poping, simple past and past participle poped)

popes (present singular third-person)
poping (participle present)
poped (participle past)
poped (past)

I'm not going to ‘Pope’ until after the war (if I'm alive).

c. 1916, in Evelyn Waugh's Life R. Knox (1959), ii. i. 142

A prominent Anglican priest had, to use the term generally employed on these occasions, ‘Poped’—that is, left the Church of England in order to become a Roman Catholic.

(intransitive, colloquial) To convert to Roman Catholicism.


poeta

pl-noun

poeta m pers (female equivalent poetka or poetessa)

poetka (feminine)
poetessa (feminine)
poeta (nominative singular)
poeci (nominative plural)
poety (derogatory nominative plural)
poety (genitive singular)
poetów (genitive plural)
poecie (dative singular)
poetom (dative plural)
poetę (accusative singular)
poetów (accusative plural)
poetą (instrumental singular)
poetami (instrumental plural)
poecie (locative singular)
poetach (locative plural)
poeto (singular vocative)
poeci (plural vocative)


fan

fanka (feminine)
fan (nominative singular)
fani (nominative plural)
fany (derogatory nominative plural)
fana (genitive singular)
fanów (genitive plural)
fanowi (dative singular)
fanom (dative plural)
fana (accusative singular)
fanów (accusative plural)
fanem (instrumental singular)
fanami (instrumental plural)
fanie (locative singular)
fanach (locative plural)
fanie (singular vocative)
fani (plural vocative)


beau

Inherited from Middle French beau, from Old French biau, bel, from Latin bellus.


Neffe

de-noun

Neffe m (weak, genitive Neffen, plural Neffen, feminine Nichte)

Neffen (genitive)
Neffen (plural)
Nichte (feminine)
Neffe (nominative singular)
Neffen (definite nominative plural)
Neffen (genitive singular)
Neffen (definite genitive plural)
Neffen (dative singular)
Neffen (dative definite plural)
Neffen (accusative singular)
Neffen (accusative definite plural)

→? German Low German: Neffe

From Middle High German neve, from Old High German nefo, nevo, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô. Cognate with Dutch neef, obsolete English neve. Further from Proto-Indo-European *népōts, whence English nephew, which see for more.
The form with -ff- is irregular and was spread by Luther. The development -v- → -ff- before a sonorant (here the n of the inflected forms) is also found in Early Modern German Offen, Freffel for Ofen, Frevel, and frequently in Low German; compare Middle Low German effen, gaffel, neffel, neffen for even, gavel, nevel, neven (the last in the sense of “next to”).

noncog

nephew (son of one's sibling or sibling-in-law)


царь

ru-noun+

царь • (carʹ) m anim (genitive царя́, nominative plural цари́, genitive plural царе́й, feminine цари́ца, relational adjective ца́рский, diminutive царёк)

carʹ (romanization)
царя́ (genitive)
цари́ (nominative plural)
царе́й (genitive plural)
цари́ца (feminine)
ца́рский (adjective relational)
царёк (diminutive)
ца́рь (nominative singular)
цари́ (nominative plural)
царя́ (genitive singular)
царе́й (genitive plural)
царю́ (dative singular)
царя́м (dative plural)
царя́ (accusative singular)
царе́й (accusative plural)
царём (instrumental singular)
царя́ми (instrumental plural)
царе́ (prepositional singular)
царя́х (plural prepositional)
царю́ (singular vocative)
ца́рь (dated nominative singular)
цари́ (dated nominative plural)
царя́ (dated genitive singular)
царе́й (dated genitive plural)
царю́ (dated dative singular)
царя́мъ (dated dative plural)
царя́ (accusative dated singular)
царе́й (accusative dated plural)
царёмъ (dated instrumental singular)
царя́ми (dated instrumental plural)
царѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
царя́хъ (dated plural prepositional)
царю́ (dated singular vocative)

→ Arabic: تْسَار (tsār)

→ Armenian: ցար (cʻar)

→ Catalan: tsar

small

→ Chinese: 沙皇 (shāhuáng) (phonetic 沙 (shā) + semantic 皇 (huáng, “emperor”))

→ Vietnamese: sa hoàng

→ Danish: zar

desctree

→ Dutch: tsaar
Afrikaans: tsaar
→ West Frisian: tsaar

→ English: tsar, czar, tzar, csar
→ Hindi: ज़ार (zār), त्सार (tsār)
→ Irish: sár
→ Japanese: ツァー (tsā)
→ Urdu: زار (zār), تسار

→ Esperanto: caro

→ Estonian: tsaar

→ Faroese: sarur

→ Finnish: tsaari

→ French: tsar
→ Persian: تزار (tezâr)

→ Galician: tsar

→ German: Zar

→ Greek: τσάρος (tsáros)

→ Hungarian: cár

→ Ingrian: tsaari

→ Italian: zar

→ Japanese: ツァーリ (tsāri)

→ Khmer: ត្សារ (tsaa)

→ Korean: 차르 (chareu)

→ Latvian: cars

→ Lithuanian: caras

→ Norwegian: tsar

→ Polish: car

→ Portuguese: czar

→ Romanian: țar

→ Slovak: cár

Samic:

→ Skolt Sami: caarr

→ Kildin Sami: цоа̄рр (cåårr)

→ Ter Sami: ца̄рр (câ̄rr)

→ Spanish: zar

→ Swedish: tsar

→ Thai: ซาร์ (saa)

→ Turkish: çar

→ Yiddish: צאַר (tsar)

→ Uzbek: чор (chor)

Inherited from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

ца́рски

ца́рский (cárskij)

по-ца́рски

ца́рский (cárskij)

ца́рственно

ца́рственный (cárstvennyj)


italiano

it-noun

italiano m (plural italiani, feminine italiana)

Borrowed from Latin ītaliānus (“Italian”). By surface analysis, Italia (“Italy”) + -ano (“-an”, derivational suffix).

surf

Italian (native or inhabitant of Italy) (male or of unspecified gender)


vir

la-noun

vir m (genitive virī); second declension

virī (genitive)
vir (nominative singular)
virī (nominative plural)
virī (genitive singular)
virōrum (genitive plural)
virō (dative singular)
virīs (dative plural)
virum (accusative singular)
virōs (accusative plural)
virō (ablative singular)
virīs (ablative plural)
vir (singular vocative)
virī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-).

Arma virumque cano.


nerd

nerd (nominative singular)
nerdzi (nominative plural)
nerdy (nominative plural)
nerda (genitive singular)
nerdów (genitive plural)
nerdowi (dative singular)
nerdom (dative plural)
nerda (accusative singular)
nerdów (accusative plural)
nerdem (instrumental singular)
nerdami (instrumental plural)
nerdzie (locative singular)
nerdach (locative plural)
nerdzie (singular vocative)
nerdzi (plural vocative)
nerdy (plural vocative)

(derogatory) nerd (intellectual, skillful person, generally introverted)


rob

rob (nominative singular)
robi (nominative plural)
roba (genitive singular)
robov (genitive plural)
robovi (dative singular)
robom (dative plural)
roba (accusative singular)
robov (accusative plural)
robovi (locative singular)
roboch (locative plural)
robom (instrumental singular)
robmi (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *õrbъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Doublet of rab, a borrowed form.


steward

pl-noun

steward m pers (female equivalent stewardesa)

stewardesa (feminine)
steward (nominative singular)
stewardzi (nominative plural)
stewardowie (nominative plural)
stewardy (derogatory nominative plural)
stewarda (genitive singular)
stewardów (genitive plural)
stewardowi (dative singular)
stewardom (dative plural)
stewarda (accusative singular)
stewardów (accusative plural)
stewardem (instrumental singular)
stewardami (instrumental plural)
stewardzie (locative singular)
stewardach (locative plural)
stewardzie (singular vocative)
stewardzi (plural vocative)
stewardowie (plural vocative)
stewardy (derogatory plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English steward.

ubor

(aviation) steward, flight attendant, air host


papa

popper (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

From French papa, from Middle French papa, from Old French papa, from Latin papa, probably originally a reduplicated imitation of a child's early efforts at vocalising Latin pater (“father”). Compare Ancient Greek πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

onomatopoeic

imitation

cog

(informal) A pet name for one's grandfather.


papa

From Middle French papa, child-speak, syllable-repetitive; compare maman.

onomatopoeic

repetitive

pops, any man of roughly fatherly age and appearance


papa

papák (plural)
papa (nominative singular)
papák (nominative plural)
papát (accusative singular)
papákat (accusative plural)
papának (dative singular)
papáknak (dative plural)
papával (instrumental singular)
papákkal (instrumental plural)
papáért (causal-final singular)
papákért (causal-final plural)
papává (singular translative)
papákká (plural translative)
papáig (singular terminative)
papákig (plural terminative)
papaként (essive-formal singular)
papákként (essive-formal plural)
papában (inessive singular)
papákban (inessive plural)
papán (singular superessive)
papákon (plural superessive)
papánál (adessive singular)
papáknál (adessive plural)
papába (illative singular)
papákba (illative plural)
papára (singular sublative)
papákra (plural sublative)
papához (allative singular)
papákhoz (allative plural)
papából (elative singular)
papákból (elative plural)
papáról (delative singular)
papákról (delative plural)
papától (ablative singular)
papáktól (ablative plural)
papáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
papáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
papáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
papákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
papám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
papáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
papád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
papáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
papája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
papái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
papánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
papáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
papátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
papáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
papájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
papáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


papa

Borrowed from English papa, French papa, German Papa, Italian papà, Russian па́па (pápa), Spanish papá.


papa

papa (nominative singular)
papat (nominative plural)
papan (genitive singular)
pappoin (genitive plural)
pappaa (partitive singular)
papoja (partitive plural)
pappaa (illative singular)
pappoi (illative plural)
papas (inessive singular)
papois (inessive plural)
papast (elative singular)
papoist (elative plural)
papalle (allative singular)
papoille (allative plural)
papal (adessive singular)
papoil (adessive plural)
papalt (ablative singular)
papoilt (ablative plural)
papaks (singular translative)
papoiks (plural translative)
papanna (essive singular)
pappaan (essive singular)
papoinna (essive plural)
pappoin (essive plural)
papant (exessive singular)
papoint (exessive plural)

Na, papa, kala.

1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva:

Siis papa sannoo meille:

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 46:


papa

la-noun

pāpa f (genitive pāpae); first declension

pāpa (canonical feminine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

A nursery word imitative of the movement of the infant's lips during eating. Compare English pap, German Papp, Hungarian papi, Polish papu. Also see the derivative pappō.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Cum cibum ac pōtiōnem "buās" ac "pāpās" vocent, mātrem "mammam", patrem "tatam".

Since children call food "papa" and drink “bua”, mother "mamma" and father "tata". (Nonius Marcellus, De Compendiosa Doctrina, 81 M, 2-4)

(childish) yum yum, num-num, food (especially pap)


papa

la-noun

pāpa m (genitive pāpae, feminine pāpissa); first declension

pāpa (canonical masculine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpissa (feminine)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: papë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pab

Middle Welsh: pap

Welsh: pab

→ Middle Dutch: pape

Dutch: paap

→ Old English: pāpa (see there for further descendants)

→ Old French: pape (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: pápa

→ Old Irish: pápa

Irish: pápa

Scottish Gaelic: pàpa

→ Italian: papa
→ Turkish: papa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: papa

Galician: papa

Portuguese: papa
→ Swahili: papa

→ Romanian: papă

→ Spanish: papa
→ Tagalog: Papa

From early Byzantine Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests & bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

bor

The traditional exclamation in Rome after a papal election:

"Habemus papam!" ― "We have a [new] pope!"

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a pope (the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome)

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a patriarch (in primatial sees, notably Coptic Alexandria).


papa

papa (nominative singular)
papy (nominative plural)
papy (genitive singular)
pap (genitive plural)
papie (dative singular)
papom (dative plural)
papę (accusative singular)
papy (accusative plural)
papą (instrumental singular)
papami (instrumental plural)
papie (locative singular)
papach (locative plural)
papo (singular vocative)
papy (plural vocative)


papa

papa (canonical)
papá (canonical)
ᜉᜉ (Baybayin)

Each pronunciation has a different source:
* /paˈpa/ from Spanish papá, adapted from French papa
* /papa/ from Hokkien 爸爸 (pâ-pâ)
* /ˈpapa/ from English papa / poppa


papa

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual

bee (Apis mellifera) that collects honey


papa

name of the Baybayin letter ᜉ (pa), corresponding to "pa"


tramp

pl-noun

tramp m inan (related adjective trampowy)

trampowy (adjective)
tramp (nominative singular)
trampy (nominative plural)
trampa (genitive singular)
trampów (genitive plural)
trampowi (dative singular)
trampom (dative plural)
tramp (accusative singular)
trampy (accusative plural)
trampem (instrumental singular)
trampami (instrumental plural)
trampie (locative singular)
trampach (locative plural)
trampie (singular vocative)
trampy (plural vocative)

tramp steamer (commercial steamship that has no regular schedule or published ports of call)


buck

From Middle English bukke, bucke, buc, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Doublet of puck (billy goat).
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).
The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (“sawhorse”) as in zaagbok (“sawbuck”).
The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.

Swankey of the Body Guard himself, that dangerous youth, and the greatest buck of all the Indian army now on leave, was one day discovered by Major Dobbin tête-à-tête with Amelia, and describing the sport of pig-sticking to her with great humour and eloquence […]

1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 60, in Vanity Fair:

A young buck; an adventurous, impetuous, dashing, or high-spirited young man.


zio

it-noun

zio m (plural zii, feminine zia, augmentative zióne, diminutive-endearing ziétto or ziìno or ziùccio)

zii (plural)
zia (feminine)
zióne (augmentative)

Inherited from Late Latin thius, from Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos). Compare Spanish tío, Portuguese tio, Sicilian ziu, Sardinian tiu or tziu, Venetian sio.


tomcat

From Tom + cat, popularised by The Life and Adventures of a Cat (1760), by an anonymous author, in which the male cat was called Tom.


dandy

From Hindi डंडी (ḍaṇḍī, “rod, pole”), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀟𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀕𑀸 (ḍaṃḍigā), from Sanskrit दण्डिका (daṇḍikā), from दण्ड (daṇḍa) + -इका (-ikā).

...the Dandis, distinguished by carrying a small dand or wand...

1862, Henry Beveridge, A Comprehensive History of India..., Vol. II, p. 74

(India) A Shaiva mendicant who carries a small rod.


stolar

stȍlār (canonical masculine)
сто̏ла̄р (Cyrillic)
stolar (nominative singular)
stolari (nominative plural)
stolara (genitive singular)
stolara (genitive plural)
stolaru (dative singular)
stolarima (dative plural)
stolara (accusative singular)
stolare (accusative plural)
stolare (singular vocative)
stolaru (singular vocative)
stolari (plural vocative)
stolaru (locative singular)
stolarima (locative plural)
stolarom (instrumental singular)
stolarima (instrumental plural)


zet

zȅt (canonical masculine)
зе̏т (Cyrillic)
zet (nominative singular)
zetovi (nominative plural)
zeta (genitive singular)
zetova (genitive plural)
zetu (dative singular)
zetovima (dative plural)
zeta (accusative singular)
zetove (accusative plural)
zete (singular vocative)
zetovi (plural vocative)
zetu (locative singular)
zetovima (locative plural)
zetom (instrumental singular)
zetovima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zętь, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.

brother-in-law (husband of one's sibling)


zet

zȅt (animate canonical masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
zèt (nominative singular)
zéta (dual nominative)
zétje (nominative plural)
zéti (nominative plural)
zéta (genitive singular)
zétov (dual genitive)
zétov (genitive plural)
zétu (dative singular)
zétoma (dative dual)
zétom (dative plural)
zéta (accusative singular)
zéta (accusative dual)
zéte (accusative plural)
zétu (locative singular)
zétih (dual locative)
zétih (locative plural)
zétom (instrumental singular)
zétoma (dual instrumental)
zéti (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Slavic *zętь, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.


nonno

(informal) A grandfather, especially one with Italian ancestry.


nonno

nonno m (plural nonni, feminine nonna, diminutive nonnétto or nonnìno, pejorative nonnàccio, endearing nonnùccio)

nonni (plural)
nonna (feminine)
nonnétto (diminutive)
nonnìno (diminutive)
nonnàccio (pejorative)
nonnùccio (endearing)

→ English: nonno

→ Mòcheno: nono


eunuch

cs-noun

eunuch m anim (related adjective eunušský)

eunušský (adjective)
eunuch (nominative singular)
eunuši (nominative plural)
eunuchové (nominative plural)
eunucha (genitive singular)
eunuchů (genitive plural)
eunuchovi (dative singular)
eunuchu (dative singular)
eunuchům (dative plural)
eunucha (accusative singular)
eunuchy (accusative plural)
eunuchu (singular vocative)
eunuši (plural vocative)
eunuchové (plural vocative)
eunuchovi (locative singular)
eunuchu (locative singular)
eunuších (locative plural)
eunuchem (instrumental singular)
eunuchy (instrumental plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin eunūchus, from Ancient Greek εὐνοῦχος (eunoûkhos).


eunuch

nl-noun

eunuch m (plural eunuchen, diminutive eunuchje n)

eunuchen (plural)
eunuchje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: eunug

Borrowed from Latin eunūchus, from Ancient Greek εὐνοῦχος (eunoûkhos).


eunuch

eunuch (nominative singular)
eunuchowie (nominative plural)
eunucha (genitive singular)
eunuchów (genitive plural)
eunuchowi (dative singular)
eunuchom (dative plural)
eunucha (accusative singular)
eunuchów (accusative plural)
eunuchem (instrumental singular)
eunuchami (instrumental plural)
eunuchu (locative singular)
eunuchach (locative plural)
eunuchu (singular vocative)
eunuchowie (plural vocative)


africano

it-noun

africano m (plural africani, feminine africana)

African (native or inhabitant of Africa) (male or of unspecified gender)


neve

From Middle English neve, neave, from Old English nefa (“nephew, grandson”), from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô (“nephew”), from Proto-Indo-European *népōts. Today mostly displaced by its cognate nephew (from Old French neveu). Compare nift (“niece”).

Iwein considers it his right and duty to avenge his neve, and is much exercised when Artûs proposes to go to the well with his full strength, for he apprehends that the king will give the distinction of the combat to his sister's son Gâwein.

1920, Wilhelm Robert Richard Pinger, Laurence Sterne and Goethe:


fils

Inherited from Old French fils, fiz, fil, from Latin filius (“son”). Cognate to Spanish hijo, Portuguese filho, , Italian figlio and Romanian fiu, among others.
Final -s regularly became mute before consonants in late Old French but was then still pronounced in pausa. In the 18th century, these pausal forms widely fell out of use; they remained, however, as variants in a small number of words (cf. tous, ours). By the 20th century, the regular pronunciation /fi/ had become archaic or dialectal.


ghostwriter

pl-noun

ghostwriter m pers (female equivalent ghostwriterka)

ghostwriterka (feminine)
ghostwriter (nominative singular)
ghostwriterzy (nominative plural)
ghostwritery (derogatory nominative plural)
ghostwritera (genitive singular)
ghostwriterów (genitive plural)
ghostwriterowi (dative singular)
ghostwriterom (dative plural)
ghostwritera (accusative singular)
ghostwriterów (accusative plural)
ghostwriterem (instrumental singular)
ghostwriterami (instrumental plural)
ghostwriterze (locative singular)
ghostwriterach (locative plural)
ghostwriterze (singular vocative)
ghostwriterzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English ghostwriter.

ubor

ghostwriter (professional writer who is paid to write material that is officially credited to another person; one who writes on behalf of someone else, often for a celebrity)


administrator

pl-noun

administrator m pers (female equivalent administratorka)

administratorka (feminine)
administrator (nominative singular)
administratorzy (nominative plural)
administratory (derogatory nominative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratorów (genitive plural)
administratorowi (dative singular)
administratorom (dative plural)
administratora (accusative singular)
administratorów (accusative plural)
administratorem (instrumental singular)
administratorami (instrumental plural)
administratorze (locative singular)
administratorach (locative plural)
administratorze (singular vocative)
administratorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin administrātor. By surface analysis, administrować + -ator. First attested in 1560.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “administrator”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


groom

From Middle English grom, grome (“man-child, boy, youth”), of uncertain origin. Apparently related to Middle Dutch grom (“boy”), Old Icelandic grómr, gromr (“man, manservant, boy”), Old French gromme (“manservant”), and also to Middle Dutch grom (“fish guts”), Middle Low German grôm (“fish guts”), from the same Proto-Germanic root. Possibly from Old English *grōma, from Proto-West Germanic *grōmō, *grōm (“swollen belly, stomach tumour, womb-child, fish roe, fish guts”), from Proto-Germanic *grōaną (“to grow”).
Alternative etymology describes Middle English grom, grome as an alteration of gome (“man”) with an intrusive r (also found in bridegroom, hoarse, cartridge, etc.), with the Middle Dutch and Old Icelandic cognates following similar variation of their respective forms.

The needy groom, that never finger'd groat,
Would make a miracle of thus much coin …

c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act I:

(archaic) A male servant, or more generally, a common man.


agent

pl-noun

agent m pers (female equivalent agentka, diminutive agencik or agenciak)

agentka (feminine)
agencik (diminutive)
agenciak (diminutive)
agent (nominative singular)
agenci (nominative plural)
agenty (derogatory nominative plural)
agenta (genitive singular)
agentów (genitive plural)
agentowi (dative singular)
agentom (dative plural)
agenta (accusative singular)
agentów (accusative plural)
agentem (instrumental singular)
agentami (instrumental plural)
agencie (locative singular)
agentach (locative plural)
agencie (singular vocative)
agenci (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Agent, from French agent, from Middle French agent, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agens. First attested in 1609.

commission agent (agent entrusted with the possession of goods to be sold in the agent's name)


isä

isä (nominative singular)
isät (nominative plural)
isä (accusative nominative singular)
isät (accusative nominative plural)
isän (accusative genitive singular)
isät (accusative genitive plural)
isän (genitive singular)
isien (genitive plural)
isäin (genitive plural rare)
isää (partitive singular)
isiä (partitive plural)
isässä (inessive singular)
isissä (inessive plural)
isästä (elative singular)
isistä (elative plural)
isään (illative singular)
isiin (illative plural)
isällä (adessive singular)
isillä (adessive plural)
isältä (ablative singular)
isiltä (ablative plural)
isälle (allative singular)
isille (allative plural)
isänä (essive singular)
isinä (essive plural)
isäksi (singular translative)
isiksi (plural translative)
isättä (abessive singular)
isittä (abessive plural)
isin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
isäni (nominative singular)
isäni (nominative plural)
isäni (accusative nominative singular)
isäni (accusative nominative plural)
isäni (accusative genitive singular)
isäni (accusative genitive plural)
isäni (genitive singular)
isieni (genitive plural)
isäini (genitive plural rare)
isääni (partitive singular)
isiäni (partitive plural)
isässäni (inessive singular)
isissäni (inessive plural)
isästäni (elative singular)
isistäni (elative plural)
isääni (illative singular)
isiini (illative plural)
isälläni (adessive singular)
isilläni (adessive plural)
isältäni (ablative singular)
isiltäni (ablative plural)
isälleni (allative singular)
isilleni (allative plural)
isänäni (essive singular)
isinäni (essive plural)
isäkseni (singular translative)
isikseni (plural translative)
isättäni (abessive singular)
isittäni (abessive plural)
isineni (comitative plural)
isäsi (nominative singular)
isäsi (nominative plural)
isäsi (accusative nominative singular)
isäsi (accusative nominative plural)
isäsi (accusative genitive singular)
isäsi (accusative genitive plural)
isäsi (genitive singular)
isiesi (genitive plural)
isäisi (genitive plural rare)
isääsi (partitive singular)
isiäsi (partitive plural)
isässäsi (inessive singular)
isissäsi (inessive plural)
isästäsi (elative singular)
isistäsi (elative plural)
isääsi (illative singular)
isiisi (illative plural)
isälläsi (adessive singular)
isilläsi (adessive plural)
isältäsi (ablative singular)
isiltäsi (ablative plural)
isällesi (allative singular)
isillesi (allative plural)
isänäsi (essive singular)
isinäsi (essive plural)
isäksesi (singular translative)
isiksesi (plural translative)
isättäsi (abessive singular)
isittäsi (abessive plural)
isinesi (comitative plural)
isämme (nominative singular)
isämme (nominative plural)
isämme (accusative nominative singular)
isämme (accusative nominative plural)
isämme (accusative genitive singular)
isämme (accusative genitive plural)
isämme (genitive singular)
isiemme (genitive plural)
isäimme (genitive plural rare)
isäämme (partitive singular)
isiämme (partitive plural)
isässämme (inessive singular)
isissämme (inessive plural)
isästämme (elative singular)
isistämme (elative plural)
isäämme (illative singular)
isiimme (illative plural)
isällämme (adessive singular)
isillämme (adessive plural)
isältämme (ablative singular)
isiltämme (ablative plural)
isällemme (allative singular)
isillemme (allative plural)
isänämme (essive singular)
isinämme (essive plural)
isäksemme (singular translative)
isiksemme (plural translative)
isättämme (abessive singular)
isittämme (abessive plural)
isinemme (comitative plural)
isänne (nominative singular)
isänne (nominative plural)
isänne (accusative nominative singular)
isänne (accusative nominative plural)
isänne (accusative genitive singular)
isänne (accusative genitive plural)
isänne (genitive singular)
isienne (genitive plural)
isäinne (genitive plural rare)
isäänne (partitive singular)
isiänne (partitive plural)
isässänne (inessive singular)
isissänne (inessive plural)
isästänne (elative singular)
isistänne (elative plural)
isäänne (illative singular)
isiinne (illative plural)
isällänne (adessive singular)
isillänne (adessive plural)
isältänne (ablative singular)
isiltänne (ablative plural)
isällenne (allative singular)
isillenne (allative plural)
isänänne (essive singular)
isinänne (essive plural)
isäksenne (singular translative)
isiksenne (plural translative)
isättänne (abessive singular)
isittänne (abessive plural)
isinenne (comitative plural)
isänsä (nominative singular)
isänsä (nominative plural)
isänsä (accusative nominative singular)
isänsä (accusative nominative plural)
isänsä (accusative genitive singular)
isänsä (accusative genitive plural)
isänsä (genitive singular)
isiensä (genitive plural)
isäinsä (genitive plural rare)
isäänsä (partitive singular)
isiään (partitive plural)
isiänsä (partitive plural)
isässään (inessive singular)
isässänsä (inessive singular)
isissään (inessive plural)
isissänsä (inessive plural)
isästään (elative singular)
isästänsä (elative singular)
isistään (elative plural)
isistänsä (elative plural)
isäänsä (illative singular)
isiinsä (illative plural)
isällään (adessive singular)
isällänsä (adessive singular)
isillään (adessive plural)
isillänsä (adessive plural)
isältään (ablative singular)
isältänsä (ablative singular)
isiltään (ablative plural)
isiltänsä (ablative plural)
isälleen (allative singular)
isällensä (allative singular)
isilleen (allative plural)
isillensä (allative plural)
isänään (essive singular)
isänänsä (essive singular)
isinään (essive plural)
isinänsä (essive plural)
isäkseen (singular translative)
isäksensä (singular translative)
isikseen (plural translative)
isiksensä (plural translative)
isättään (abessive singular)
isättänsä (abessive singular)
isittään (abessive plural)
isittänsä (abessive plural)
isineen (comitative plural)
isinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *icä, from Proto-Uralic *ićä. Cognate with Estonian isa, Northern Sami áhčči, Moksha оця (oća, “brother of father”), оцю (oću, “big”) (compare Finnish iso) and Hungarian ős.


isä

isä (nominative singular)
isät (nominative plural)
isän (genitive singular)
issiin (genitive plural)
issää (partitive singular)
issiä (partitive plural)
issää (illative singular)
issii (illative plural)
isäs (inessive singular)
isis (inessive plural)
isäst (elative singular)
isist (elative plural)
isälle (allative singular)
isille (allative plural)
isäl (adessive singular)
isil (adessive plural)
isält (ablative singular)
isilt (ablative plural)
isäks (singular translative)
isiks (plural translative)
isännä (essive singular)
issään (essive singular)
isinnä (essive plural)
issiin (essive plural)
isänt (exessive singular)
isint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *icä. Cognates include Finnish isä and Estonian isa.

Sannoo poikane isälle: „Ossa miulle, taatta (ätti), ockat.“

1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 4:

The little boy said to [his] father: „Buy me glasses, taata (daddy).“


isä

isä (nominative singular)
izäd (nominative plural)
izä (genitive singular)
isije (genitive plural)
isii (genitive plural)
issä (partitive singular)
isiite (partitive plural)
isii (partitive plural)
issäse (illative singular)
issä (illative singular)
isiise (illative plural)
izäz (inessive singular)
isiiz (inessive plural)
izässe (elative singular)
isiisse (elative plural)
izäle (allative singular)
isiile (allative plural)
izälle (adessive singular)
isiille (adessive plural)
izälte (ablative singular)
isiilte (ablative plural)
izässi (singular translative)
isiissi (plural translative)

From Proto-Finnic *icä, from Proto-Uralic *ićä.


abu

ábu (canonical masculine)
ábu (absolutive)
ábu (predicative)
abí (subjective)
abí (genitive)
ábul (l-case with-postposition)
ábuk (k-case with-postposition)
ábut (t-case with-postposition)
ábuh (h-case with-postposition)


poika

poika (nominative singular)
pojat (nominative plural)
pojan (genitive singular)
poikiin (genitive plural)
poikaa (partitive singular)
poikia (partitive plural)
poikaa (illative singular)
poikii (illative plural)
pojas (inessive singular)
pojis (inessive plural)
pojast (elative singular)
pojist (elative plural)
pojalle (allative singular)
pojille (allative plural)
pojal (adessive singular)
pojil (adessive plural)
pojalt (ablative singular)
pojilt (ablative plural)
pojaks (singular translative)
pojiks (plural translative)
poikanna (essive singular)
poikaan (essive singular)
poikinna (essive plural)
poikiin (essive plural)
poikant (exessive singular)
poikint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *poika, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pojka. Cognates include Finnish poika and Estonian poeg.

Poika tuli tovarișșan kera kluubaa.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 36:

Metsävahti vei meijet kottii, jootti caajuul, ja hänen poika mäni meitä saattamaa.

1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:

The forest ranger took us to [his] house, gave us tea to drink, and his son went to see us off.

Kissan poika otti kiin hiiren.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 68:


poika

head

poika (genitive pojan, partitive poikua)

pojan (genitive)
poikua (partitive)
poika (nominative singular)
pojat (nominative plural)
pojan (genitive singular)
poikien (genitive plural)
poikua (partitive singular)
poikie (partitive plural)
poikah (illative singular)
poikih (illative plural)
pojašša (inessive singular)
pojissa (inessive plural)
pojašta (elative singular)
pojista (elative plural)
pojalla (adessive singular)
pojilla (adessive plural)
pojalta (ablative singular)
pojilta (ablative plural)
pojakši (singular translative)
pojiksi (plural translative)
poikana (essive singular)
poikina (essive plural)
pojineh (comitative plural)
pojatta (abessive singular)
pojitta (abessive plural)
poikani (first-person possessive)
poikaš (possessive second-person)
poikah (possessive third-person)

krl-decl-table

type 5/<i class="Latn mention" lang="krl">koira</i>, ik-j gradation

From Proto-Finnic *poika. Cognates include Finnish poika and Estonian poeg.


da

head

da (Sawndip forms 𭖯 or 㐲 or 𰁫 or ⿰老他 or ⿰口夛 or 他 or 她 or 大, 1957–1982 spelling da)

𭖯 (Sawndip)
㐲 (Sawndip)
𰁫 (Sawndip)
⿰老他 (Sawndip)
⿰口夛 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
她 (Sawndip)
大 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *taːᴬ (“maternal grandfather”). Cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Shan တႃ (tǎa), Bouyei dal.


infant

cs-noun

infant m anim (female equivalent infantka)

infantka (feminine)
infant (nominative singular)
infanti (nominative plural)
infanta (genitive singular)
infantů (genitive plural)
infantovi (dative singular)
infantu (dative singular)
infantům (dative plural)
infanta (accusative singular)
infanty (accusative plural)
infante (singular vocative)
infanti (plural vocative)
infantovi (locative singular)
infantu (locative singular)
infantech (locative plural)
infantem (instrumental singular)
infanty (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Spanish infante, from Latin īnfāns.

(historical) infante (son of the king of Spain or Portugal)


centurion

centurion (nominative singular)
centurioni (nominative plural)
centuriony (derogatory nominative plural)
centuriona (genitive singular)
centurionów (genitive plural)
centurionowi (dative singular)
centurionom (dative plural)
centuriona (accusative singular)
centurionów (accusative plural)
centurionem (instrumental singular)
centurionami (instrumental plural)
centurionie (locative singular)
centurionach (locative plural)
centurionie (singular vocative)
centurioni (plural vocative)


arse bandit

And all the sodomites and catamites, poncey sausage jockeys, arse bandits, turd burglars and fudge packers, fur burger-licking carpet munchers, gormless imbeciles, morons, geeks, cretins and retards […]

2011, Bruce Mason, The Telomere Conspiracy, page 96:

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, slang, derogatory) A gay man.


manager

pl-noun

manager m pers (female equivalent managerka)

managerka (feminine)
manager (nominative singular)
managerowie (nominative plural)
managera (genitive singular)
managerów (genitive plural)
managerowi (dative singular)
managerom (dative plural)
managera (accusative singular)
managerów (accusative plural)
managerem (instrumental singular)
managerami (instrumental plural)
managerze (locative singular)
managerach (locative plural)
managerze (singular vocative)
managerowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English manager.

ubor

(computing) Alternative spelling of menedżer


baca

baca (nominative singular)
bacowie (nominative plural)
bacy (genitive singular)
baców (genitive plural)
bacy (dative singular)
bacom (dative plural)
bacę (accusative singular)
baców (accusative plural)
bacą (instrumental singular)
bacami (instrumental plural)
bacy (locative singular)
bacach (locative plural)
baco (singular vocative)
bacowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Romanian baci, further etymology disputed. Originally bacza, but was changed to the current form due to mazurzenie.

Coordinate term: juhas


baca

baca (nominative singular)
bace (nominative plural)
baca (genitive singular)
baci (genitive plural)
bacu (dative singular)
baci (dative plural)
baca (accusative singular)
bace (accusative plural)
bacu (locative singular)
bace (locative plural)
bacom (instrumental singular)
bacam (instrumental singular)
baci (instrumental plural)


fiú

fiúk (plural)
fiú (nominative singular)
fiúk (nominative plural)
fiút (accusative singular)
fiúkat (accusative plural)
fiúnak (dative singular)
fiúknak (dative plural)
fiúval (instrumental singular)
fiúkkal (instrumental plural)
fiúért (causal-final singular)
fiúkért (causal-final plural)
fiúvá (singular translative)
fiúkká (plural translative)
fiúig (singular terminative)
fiúkig (plural terminative)
fiúként (essive-formal singular)
fiúkként (essive-formal plural)
fiúban (inessive singular)
fiúkban (inessive plural)
fiún (singular superessive)
fiúkon (plural superessive)
fiúnál (adessive singular)
fiúknál (adessive plural)
fiúba (illative singular)
fiúkba (illative plural)
fiúra (singular sublative)
fiúkra (plural sublative)
fiúhoz (allative singular)
fiúkhoz (allative plural)
fiúból (elative singular)
fiúkból (elative plural)
fiúról (delative singular)
fiúkról (delative plural)
fiútól (ablative singular)
fiúktól (ablative plural)
fiúé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
fiúké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
fiúéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
fiúkéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
fiam (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fiaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fiad (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fiaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fia (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fiai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fiunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fiaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fiatok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fiaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fiuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fiaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
fiúm (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fiúim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fiúd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fiúid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fiúja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fiúi (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fiúnk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fiúink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fiútok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fiúitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fiújuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fiúik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Old Hungarian fioɣ or fió with the original stem fi akin to Proto-Uralic *pojka (“son, boy”) + -ú (“archaic diminutive suffix”) (also attested as -oɣ, -ó in Old Hungarian). Cognates include Northern Mansi пыг (pyg, “son, boy”), Udmurt пи (pi, “son, boy”), Komi-Zyrian пи (pi, “son, boy”), Erzya пиё (pijo, “grandson”) and Finnish poika. See also faj. False cognate of Romanian fiu.


cestovateľ

sk-noun

cestovateľ m anim (genitive singular cestovateľa, nominative plural cestovatelia, genitive plural cestovateľov, declension pattern of chlap)

cestovateľa (genitive singular)
cestovatelia (nominative plural)
cestovateľov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
cestovateľ (nominative singular)
cestovateia (nominative plural)
cestovateľa (genitive singular)
cestovateľov (genitive plural)
cestovateľovi (dative singular)
cestovateľom (dative plural)
cestovateľa (accusative singular)
cestovateľov (accusative plural)
cestovateľovi (locative singular)
cestovateľoch (locative plural)
cestovateľom (instrumental singular)
cestovateľmi (instrumental plural)


cestár

cestár m anim (genitive singular cestára, nominative plural cestári, genitive plural cestárov, declension pattern of chlap)

cestára (genitive singular)
cestári (nominative plural)
cestárov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
cestár (nominative singular)
cestári (nominative plural)
cestára (genitive singular)
cestárov (genitive plural)
cestárovi (dative singular)
cestárom (dative plural)
cestára (accusative singular)
cestárov (accusative plural)
cestárovi (locative singular)
cestároch (locative plural)
cestárom (instrumental singular)
cestármi (instrumental plural)


sukničkár

sukničkár (nominative singular)
sukničkári (nominative plural)
sukničkára (genitive singular)
sukničkárov (genitive plural)
sukničkárovi (dative singular)
sukničkárom (dative plural)
sukničkára (accusative singular)
sukničkárov (accusative plural)
sukničkárovi (locative singular)
sukničkároch (locative plural)
sukničkárom (instrumental singular)
sukničkármi (instrumental plural)

skirt chaser, a man with an insatiable sexual appetite


Adonis

The Phœnician Adonis was identical with Tammūz.

1866, Sabine Baring-Gould, Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, S. George:

1900, James Frazer, The Golden Bough, Chapter 42: Osiris and the Sun,
A strong reason for interpreting the death of Osiris as the decay of vegetation rather than as the sunset is to be found in the general, though not unanimous, voice of antiquity, which classed together the worship and myths of Osiris, Adonis, Attis, Dionysus, and Demeter, as religions of essentially the same type. The consensus of ancient opinion on this subject seems too great to be rejected as a mere fancy. So closely did the rites of Osiris resemble those of Adonis at Byblus that some of the people of Byblus themselves maintained that it was Osiris and not Adonis whose death was mourned by them.

1921, Jessie Weston, From Ritual to Romance, Chapter X: The Secret of the Grail (1) - The Mysteries,
As Sir J. G. Frazer has before now pointed out, there are parallel and over-lapping forms of this cult, the name of the god, and certain details of the ritual, may differ in different countries, but whether he hails from Babylon, Phrygia, or Phoenicia, whether he be called Tammuz, Attis, or Adonis, the main lines of the story are fixed, and invariable. Always he is young and beautiful, always the beloved of a great goddess; always he is the victim of a tragic and untimely death, a death which entails bitter loss and misfortune upon a mourning world, and which, for the salvation of that world, is followed by a resurrection.

(Greek mythology) A beautiful young man loved by Aphrodite.


apa

apák (plural)
apa (nominative singular)
apák (nominative plural)
apát (accusative singular)
apákat (accusative plural)
apának (dative singular)
apáknak (dative plural)
apával (instrumental singular)
apákkal (instrumental plural)
apáért (causal-final singular)
apákért (causal-final plural)
apává (singular translative)
apákká (plural translative)
apáig (singular terminative)
apákig (plural terminative)
apaként (essive-formal singular)
apákként (essive-formal plural)
apában (inessive singular)
apákban (inessive plural)
apán (singular superessive)
apákon (plural superessive)
apánál (adessive singular)
apáknál (adessive plural)
apába (illative singular)
apákba (illative plural)
apára (singular sublative)
apákra (plural sublative)
apához (allative singular)
apákhoz (allative plural)
apából (elative singular)
apákból (elative plural)
apáról (delative singular)
apákról (delative plural)
apától (ablative singular)
apáktól (ablative plural)
apáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
apáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
apáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
apákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
apám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
apáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
apjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
apád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
apáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
apjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
apja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
apái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
apjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
apánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
apáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
apjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
apátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
apáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
apjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
apjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
apáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
apjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
apám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
apáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
apád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
apáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
apája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
apái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
apánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
apáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
apátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
apáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
apájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
apáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Most likely from Turkic, compare Old Turkic 𐰯𐰀 (pa /apa/, “father”).


warlock

From Middle English warloghe, warlowe, warloȝe, from Old English wǣrloga (“traitor, deceiver”, literally “truce-breaker”), from Proto-West Germanic *wārulogō (“liar”), equivalent to Old English wǣr (“covenant, truce, pact, promise”) (from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁- (“true”); whence also Latin vērus) + loga (“liar”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô, related to Old English lēogan (whence English lie). The hard -ck ending originated in Scottish and Northern English, like the sense "male magic-user" (from the notion that such men were in league with the Devil and had thus broken their baptismal vows / betrayed Christianity). Cognate with Old Saxon wārlogo (“liar, unfaithful or insidious one”).
A few writers alternatively propose a derivation from Old Norse varðlokkur (“incantations, charms”, literally “ward songs”), but as the OED notes, this is implausible due to the extreme rarity of the Norse word, the semantic difference, and because forms without hard -k, which are consistent with the Old English etymology (“traitor”), are attested earlier than forms with -k, and forms with -ð- are not attested.

cog

He was himself a warlock, or wizard, which they knew by his taking the witch's part.

1730, Edward Burt, Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland:

It was the day of warlocks and apparitions, now happily driven out by the zeal of the General Assembly.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:


ziom

ziomuś (diminutive)
ziom (nominative singular)
ziomy (nominative plural)
zioma (genitive singular)
ziomów (genitive plural)
ziomowi (dative singular)
ziomom (dative plural)
zioma (accusative singular)
ziomów (accusative plural)
ziomem (instrumental singular)
ziomami (instrumental plural)
ziomie (locative singular)
ziomach (locative plural)
ziomie (singular vocative)
ziomy (plural vocative)


stoik

cs-noun

stoik m anim (female equivalent stoička, related adjective stoický)

stoička (feminine)
stoický (adjective)
stoik (nominative singular)
stoici (nominative plural)
stoika (genitive singular)
stoiků (genitive plural)
stoikovi (dative singular)
stoiku (dative singular)
stoikům (dative plural)
stoika (accusative singular)
stoiky (accusative plural)
stoiku (singular vocative)
stoici (plural vocative)
stoikovi (locative singular)
stoiku (locative singular)
stoicích (locative plural)
stoikem (instrumental singular)
stoiky (instrumental plural)

Derived from Ancient Greek Στωϊκός (Stōïkós), from Ποικίλη Στοά (Poikílē Stoá, “painted portico”), the portico in Athens where Zeno taught.


Peržan

Peržanka (feminine)
Peržan (nominative singular)
Peržania (nominative plural)
Peržana (genitive singular)
Peržanov (genitive plural)
Peržanovi (dative singular)
Peržanom (dative plural)
Peržana (accusative singular)
Peržanov (accusative plural)
Peržanovi (locative singular)
Peržanoch (locative plural)
Peržanom (instrumental singular)
Peržanmi (instrumental plural)


hrdina

cs-noun

hrdina m anim (female equivalent hrdinka)

hrdinka (feminine)
hrdina (nominative singular)
hrdinové (nominative plural)
hrdiny (genitive singular)
hrdinů (genitive plural)
hrdinovi (dative singular)
hrdinům (dative plural)
hrdinu (accusative singular)
hrdiny (accusative plural)
hrdino (singular vocative)
hrdinové (plural vocative)
hrdinovi (locative singular)
hrdinech (locative plural)
hrdinou (instrumental singular)
hrdiny (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech hrdina. By surface analysis, hrdý + -ina.


hrdina

hrdinka (feminine)
hrdina (nominative singular)
hrdinovia (nominative plural)
hrdinu (genitive singular)
hrdinov (genitive plural)
hrdinovi (dative singular)
hrdinom (dative plural)
hrdinu (accusative singular)
hrdinov (accusative plural)
hrdinovi (locative singular)
hrdinoch (locative plural)
hrdinom (instrumental singular)
hrdinami (instrumental plural)


vnuk

vnuk m anim (female equivalent vnučka, diminutive vnouček)

vnučka (feminine)
vnouček (diminutive)
vnuk (nominative singular)
vnuci (nominative plural)
vnukové (nominative plural)
vnuka (genitive singular)
vnuků (genitive plural)
vnukovi (dative singular)
vnuku (dative singular)
vnukům (dative plural)
vnuka (accusative singular)
vnuky (accusative plural)
vnuku (singular vocative)
vnuci (plural vocative)
vnukové (plural vocative)
vnukovi (locative singular)
vnuku (locative singular)
vnucích (locative plural)
vnukem (instrumental singular)
vnuky (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech vnuk, from Proto-Slavic *vъnukъ.


vnuk

sk-noun

vnuk m anim (genitive singular vnuka, nominative plural vnuci, vnukovia, genitive plural vnukov, declension pattern of chlap)

vnuka (genitive singular)
vnuci (nominative plural)
vnukovia (nominative plural)
vnukov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
vnuk (nominative singular)
vnuci (nominative plural)
vnukovia (nominative plural)
vnuka (genitive singular)
vnukov (genitive plural)
vnukovi (dative singular)
vnukom (dative plural)
vnuka (accusative singular)
vnukov (accusative plural)
vnukovi (locative singular)
vnukoch (locative plural)
vnukom (instrumental singular)
vnukmi (instrumental plural)


vnuk

sl-noun

vnūk m anim (female equivalent vnūkinja)

vnūk (animate canonical masculine)
vnūkinja (feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
vnúk (nominative singular)
vnúka (dual nominative)
vnúki (nominative plural)
vnúka (genitive singular)
vnúkov (dual genitive)
vnúkov (genitive plural)
vnúku (dative singular)
vnúkoma (dative dual)
vnúkom (dative plural)
vnúka (accusative singular)
vnúka (accusative dual)
vnúke (accusative plural)
vnúku (locative singular)
vnúkih (dual locative)
vnúkih (locative plural)
vnúkom (instrumental singular)
vnúkoma (dual instrumental)
vnúki (instrumental plural)


panic

panna (feminine)
panic (nominative singular)
panicové (nominative plural)
panici (nominative plural)
panice (genitive singular)
paniců (genitive plural)
panicovi (dative singular)
panici (dative singular)
panicům (dative plural)
panice (accusative singular)
panice (accusative plural)
panici (singular vocative)
panicové (plural vocative)
panici (plural vocative)
panicovi (locative singular)
panici (locative singular)
panicích (locative plural)
panicem (instrumental singular)
panici (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech panic, pannic. By surface analysis, pán + -ic.


dedinčan

sk-noun

dedinčan m anim (declension pattern of chlap, feminine dedinčanka)

chlap (declension-pattern-of)
dedinčanka (feminine)
dedinčan (nominative singular)
dedinčania (nominative plural)
dedinčana (genitive singular)
dedinčanov (genitive plural)
dedinčanovi (dative singular)
dedinčanom (dative plural)
dedinčana (accusative singular)
dedinčanov (accusative plural)
dedinčanovi (locative singular)
dedinčanoch (locative plural)
dedinčanom (instrumental singular)
dedinčanmi (instrumental plural)


dedko

dedko m anim (genitive singular dedka, nominative plural dedkovia, genitive plural dedkov, declension pattern of chlap)

dedka (genitive singular)
dedkovia (nominative plural)
dedkov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
dedko (nominative singular)
dedkovia (nominative plural)
dedka (genitive singular)
dedkov (genitive plural)
dedkovi (dative singular)
dedkom (dative plural)
dedka (accusative singular)
dedkov (accusative plural)
dedkovi (locative singular)
dedkoch (locative plural)
dedkom (instrumental singular)
dedkami (instrumental plural)


nono

From Italian nonno (“grandfather”), from Latin nonnus (“monk; tutor; old person”).

der

Coordinate term: nu'na


lukostrelec

sk-noun

lukostrelec m anim (genitive singular lukostrelca, nominative plural lukostrelci, genitive plural lukostrelcov, declension pattern of chlap)

lukostrelca (genitive singular)
lukostrelci (nominative plural)
lukostrelcov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
lukostrelec (nominative singular)
lukostrelci (nominative plural)
lukostrelca (genitive singular)
lukostrelcov (genitive plural)
lukostrelcovi (dative singular)
lukostrelcom (dative plural)
lukostrelca (accusative singular)
lukostrelcov (accusative plural)
lukostrelcovi (locative singular)
lukostrelcoch (locative plural)
lukostrelcom (instrumental singular)
lukostrelcami (instrumental plural)


Egypťan

cs-noun

Egypťan m anim (female equivalent Egypťanka)

Egypťanka (feminine)
Egypťan (nominative singular)
Egypťané (nominative plural)
Egypťana (genitive singular)
Egypťanů (genitive plural)
Egypťanovi (dative singular)
Egypťanu (dative singular)
Egypťanům (dative plural)
Egypťana (accusative singular)
Egypťany (accusative plural)
Egypťane (singular vocative)
Egypťané (plural vocative)
Egypťanovi (locative singular)
Egypťanu (locative singular)
Egypťanech (locative plural)
Egypťanem (instrumental singular)
Egypťany (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech Ejipcěnín, Egypcěnín. By surface analysis, Egypt + -an.


Egypťan

Egypťanka (feminine)
Egypťan (nominative singular)
Egypťania (nominative plural)
Egypťana (genitive singular)
Egypťanov (genitive plural)
Egypťanovi (dative singular)
Egypťanom (dative plural)
Egypťana (accusative singular)
Egypťanov (accusative plural)
Egypťanovi (locative singular)
Egypťanoch (locative plural)
Egypťanom (instrumental singular)
Etypťanmi (instrumental plural)


chlap

chlap (nominative singular)
chlapi (nominative plural)
chlapa (genitive singular)
chlapů (genitive plural)
chlapovi (dative singular)
chlapu (dative singular)
chlapům (dative plural)
chlapa (accusative singular)
chlapy (accusative plural)
chlape (singular vocative)
chlapi (plural vocative)
chlapovi (locative singular)
chlapu (locative singular)
chlapech (locative plural)
chlapem (instrumental singular)
chlapy (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech chlap, from Proto-Slavic *xolpъ of uncertain origin, possibly connected with pachole.


chlap

sk-noun

chlap m anim (genitive singular chlapa, nominative plural chlapi, genitive plural chlapov, declension pattern of chlap)

chlapa (genitive singular)
chlapi (nominative plural)
chlapov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
chlap (nominative singular)
chlapi (nominative plural)
chlapa (genitive singular)
chlapov (genitive plural)
chlapovi (dative singular)
chlapom (dative plural)
chlapa (accusative singular)
chlapov (accusative plural)
chlapovi (locative singular)
chlapoch (locative plural)
chlapom (instrumental singular)
chlapmi (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xolpъ of uncertain origin.


dan

English: dan, Dan (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman daun, daunz and Old French dan, dam, from Latin dominus.

A respectful term of address for a (male) scholar, noble, or cleric.

(rare) A male noble or member of the clergy.


tsarevich

en-noun

tsarevich (plural tsareviches or tsarevichs or tsarevichi)

tsareviches (plural)
tsarevichs (plural)
tsarevichi (plural)

/ˈzɑːɹəvɪtʃ/

Borrowed from Russian царе́вич (carévič).

The tsesarevich (crown prince of the Russia Empire)


pap

pap (countable and uncountable, plural paps)

From Middle English pap. Related to Middle Low German pappe, Dutch pap, German Pappe (“pap, porridge; wheatpaste; cardboard”), Old French papa/pape, Latin pappa, Bulgarian папам (papam, “to eat”) and Serbo-Croatian папати/papati (“to eat”), among others. The relationships between these words are difficult to reconstruct. The Germanic word is either a borrowing from Latin or, perhaps more probably, an independent formation in baby-talk.

m+

Pap can be made from bread boiled in milk or water.

(uncountable) Food in the form of a soft paste, often a porridge, especially as given to very young children.

Pap and wors are traditionally eaten at a braai.


pap

Alternative letter-case form of Pap (“Pap smear”).


pap

en-adj

pap (comparative more pap, superlative most pap)

more pap (comparative)
most pap (superlative)

From Afrikaans pap (“porridge”). Cognate with etymology 1.

His chest hangs like soft tits in his vest. He is pap. I could easily hit him. I could kill him if I wanted to.

1975, Sheila Roberts, Outside Life's Feast: Short Stories, Johannesburg: Ad. Donker, →ISBN, page 27:

(South Africa, slang) Weak, feeble; lacking substance.

He is so pap and boring.

(South Africa, slang) Spineless, wet, without character.

I got a puncture and the wheel went pap.


papà

quote-web

2017 May 5, Accademia della Crusca:
In almost all Italian dictionaries, the second word (after mamma) pronounced by the majority of Italian speakers, that is, papà, is classified as a Frenchism, that is, a tracing of the French papa. It is instead a term of central-northern Italian origin, which from the dialects of the North has passed into the national language, as has also happened to some other words of the daily and family lexicon.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


cowboy

en-noun

cowboy (countable and uncountable, plural cowboys)

→ Catalan: cowboy

→ Dutch: cowboy

→ Estonian: kauboi

→ Finnish: cowboy

→ French: cow-boy
→ Vietnamese: cao bồi

→ German: Cowboy

→ Greek: καουμπόι (kaoumpói)

→ Hungarian: cowboy

→ Japanese: カウボーイ (kaubōi)

desc

→ Khmer: ខោវប៊យ (khaowbɔɔy), ខូវប៊ (khəwbɔɔ)

→ Korean: 카우보이 (kauboi)

→ Mandarin: 牛仔 (niúzǎi) (calque)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: cowboy

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: cowboy

→ Polish: kowboj

→ Portuguese: caubói

desctree

→ Russian: ковбо́й (kovbój)
→ Armenian: կովբոյ (kovboy)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kàuboj, ка̀убој

→ Spanish: cowboy

→ Swedish: cowboy

→ Thai: คาวบอย (kaao-bɔɔi)

There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic visits of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”

1899, Stephen Crane, chapter 1, in Twelve O'Clock:

A man who tends free-range cattle, especially in the American West.

A man who identifies with cowboy culture, including wearing a cowboy hat and being a fan of country and western music.

(informal) A person who engages in reckless behavior, especially for the purpose of showing off.

(British, informal) A dishonest or incompetent independent tradesman.


snob

snobka (feminine)
snob (nominative singular)
snoby (nominative plural)
snobi (nominative plural)
snoba (genitive singular)
snobów (genitive plural)
snobowi (dative singular)
snobom (dative plural)
snoba (accusative singular)
snobów (accusative plural)
snobem (instrumental singular)
snobami (instrumental plural)
snobie (locative singular)
snobach (locative plural)
snobie (singular vocative)
snoby (plural vocative)
snobi (plural vocative)

snob (person who seeks to be a member of the upper classes)


fiancé

A man who is engaged to be married; the man to whom one is engaged.


fiancé

fr-adj

fiancé (feminine fiancée, masculine plural fiancés, feminine plural fiancées)

fiancée (feminine)
fiancés (masculine plural)
fiancées (feminine plural)


bastard

en-noun

bastard (countable and uncountable, plural bastards)

From Middle English bastard, bastarde, from Anglo-Norman bastard, Old French bastart (“illegitimate child”), perhaps via Medieval Latin bastardus, of obscure origin.
Possibly from Frankish *bāst (“marriage, relationship”) + Old French -ard, -art (pejorative suffix denoting a specific quality or condition). Frankish *bāst derives from a North Sea Germanic variety of Proto-Germanic *banstuz (“bond, connection, relationship, marriage with a second woman of lower status”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie, bind”) and is related to West Frisian boaste (“marriage, matrimony”), Middle Dutch bast (“lust, heat”), and more distantly to English boose (“cow-stall”). The term probably originally referred to a child from a polygynous marriage of heathen Germanic custom — a practice not sanctioned by the Christian churches.
Alternatively, Old French bastart may have originated from the Old French term fils de bast (“packsaddle son”), meaning a child conceived on an improvised bed (medieval saddles often doubled as beds while travelling). However chronology makes this difficult, as bastard is attested in Old French from 1089 (Middle Latin bastardus as early as 1010), yet Old French bast (modern French bât), though attested since 1130 with the meaning of "beast of burden", doesn't acquire the specific meaning of "packsaddle" until the 13c., making it too late to have given rise to the terms bastard and bastardus with this sense. The French Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales supports the Germanic theory further above as being most likely.

unk

obscure

cog

lucky bastard

funny bastard

Get over here, you old bastard!

(endearing or humorous) A man, a fellow, a male friend.


dedo

sk-noun

dedo m anim (genitive singular deda, nominative plural dedovia, genitive plural dedov, declension pattern of chlap)

deda (genitive singular)
dedovia (nominative plural)
dedov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
dedo (nominative singular)
dedovia (nominative plural)
deda (genitive singular)
dedov (genitive plural)
dedovi (dative singular)
dedom (dative plural)
deda (accusative singular)
dedov (accusative plural)
dedovi (locative singular)
dedoch (locative plural)
dedom (instrumental singular)
dedami (instrumental plural)


lord

lord (nominative singular)
lordowie (nominative plural)
lorda (genitive singular)
lordów (genitive plural)
lordowi (dative singular)
lordom (dative plural)
lorda (accusative singular)
lordów (accusative plural)
lordem (instrumental singular)
lordami (instrumental plural)
lordzie (locative singular)
lordach (locative plural)
lordzie (singular vocative)
lordowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English lord, from Middle English lord and lorde, from lourde, from lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, lhoaverd, from Old English hlāford, from hlāfweard.


padre

it-noun

padre m (plural padri, pejorative padraccio)

→ English: padre

From Old Italian patre, from Latin patrem, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.


padre

→ English: padre

→ Hindi: पादरी (pādrī)

→ Japanese: 破天連 (bateren)

→ Konkani: पाद्रि (pādri)

→ Malay: paderi

Indonesian: padri

→ Malayalam: പാതിരി (pātiri)

→ Persian: پادری (pādrī) (India)

→ Sinhalese: පාදිලියා (pādiliyā)

→ Swahili: padre, padri, padiri

→ Thai: บาทหลวง (bàat-lǔuang)

From Old Galician-Portuguese padre (“father”), from Latin patrem (“father”), from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of pai.


padre

→ Classical Nahuatl: padre

→ English: padre

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: pa̱lej

→ Tagalog: pari

Inherited from Latin patrem, pater, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

nunca digas de este agua no beberé, ni este cura no es mi padre


coach

coach (nominative singular)
coachowie (nominative plural)
coachy (derogatory nominative plural)
coacha (genitive singular)
coachów (genitive plural)
coachowi (dative singular)
coachom (dative plural)
coacha (accusative singular)
coachów (accusative plural)
coachem (instrumental singular)
coachami (instrumental plural)
coachu (locative singular)
coachach (locative plural)
coachu (singular vocative)
coachowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English coach, from Middle French coche, from German Kutsche, from Hungarian kocsi.

(sports) coach, trainer (person who trains another)


pontifex

la-noun

pontifex m (genitive pontificis); third declension

pontificis (genitive)
pontifex (nominative singular)
pontificēs (nominative plural)
pontificis (genitive singular)
pontificum (genitive plural)
pontificī (dative singular)
pontificibus (dative plural)
pontificem (accusative singular)
pontificēs (accusative plural)
pontifice (ablative singular)
pontificibus (ablative plural)
pontifex (singular vocative)
pontificēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pontífex

English: pontiff

French: pontife

Italian: pontefice

→ Portuguese: pontífice (learned)

Romanian: pontifice

Russian: понти́фик m (pontífik)

Spanish: pontífice

Often interpreted as a compound originally meaning “bridge-maker”, from Proto-Italic *pontifaks, equivalent to pōns (“bridge”) + -fex (suffix representing a maker or producer), either metaphorically “one who negotiates between gods and men” or literally if at some point the social class which supplied the priests was more or less identical with engineers that were responsible for building bridges. Compare Sanskrit पथिकृत् (pathikṛ́t, “path-maker”), attested as an epithet of rishis in the Rig Veda.

cog

adiacet antīquus Tiberīnō lūcūs Helernī:

The ancient grove of Helernus is near by the Tiber [River]:
Even now the high priests bring sacrifices to there.
(See: Helernus; “Tiberinus” is an alternative name for the Tiber River.)

pontificēs illūc nunc quoque sacra ferunt.

an ancient Roman high priest, state minister, pontiff


弟弟

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

dei⁶⁻⁴ dei⁶⁻²

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

My younger brother is really lazy; he doesn't do any chores.

Wǒ de dìdi fēicháng lǎn, yīdiǎn jiāwù dōu bùhuì zuò.

我的弟弟非常懶，一點家務都不會做。

我的弟弟非常懒，一点家务都不会做。


filius

la-noun

fīlius m (genitive fīliī or fīlī, feminine fīlia); second declension

fīlius (canonical masculine)
fīliī (genitive)
fīlī (genitive)
fīlia (feminine)
fīlius (nominative singular)
fīliī (nominative plural)
fīliī (genitive singular)
fīlī (genitive singular)
fīliōrum (genitive plural)
fīliō (dative singular)
fīliīs (dative plural)
fīlium (accusative singular)
fīliōs (accusative plural)
fīliō (ablative singular)
fīliīs (ablative plural)
fīlī (singular vocative)
fīliī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: hilj

Istro-Romanian: fiľ

Megleno-Romanian: il'u

Romanian: fiu

Dalmatian:

felj

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: figliu

Italian: figlio

Judeo-Italian: פִילְייוֹ (figlio)

Sicilian: figghiu

Padanian:

Friulian: fi

Istriot: feîo, fèio

Ligurian: fìggio

Piedmontese: fieul, fij

Romansch: figl, fegl

Venetian: fio

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fill

Franco-Provençal: fely, fily

desctree

Old French: fil
Bourguignon: fi
Walloon: fi

⇒ Old French: filz, fils, fis, fitz, fiz (nominative singular)
Middle French: filz
French: fils
Norman: fils, fis (Jersey)
→ English: Fitz- (via Anglo-Norman fitz)

Old Occitan: filh
Occitan: filh, fiu, hilh

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: fillo

Mozarabic: פליו (flyw)

Old Leonese: fiyo, fijo (Salamanca), fillo (Asturias)
Asturian: fíu, ḥiyu, fiyu
Leonese: fiyu
Extremaduran: iju
Mirandese: filho

Old Galician-Portuguese: filho
Fala: fillu
Galician: fillo
Portuguese: filho (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: fijo
Ladino: ijo
Spanish: hijo (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: fillu

Logudorese: fizu, figiu

From Proto-Italic *fīlios, *feilios (the Latin can reflect either one, but Faliscan 𐌅𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏 (fīleo, hīleo), if original and not modeled on Latin fīlius, would point to *fīl-), from earlier *θeilios, from *dʰeh₁i-l-yo-s (“sucker”), a derivation from the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”).
Related to fellō, fēmina, fētus, Old English delu (“nipple, teat”), dēon (“to suck, suckle”), Old Armenian դալ (dal). More at doe.

Priscianus: 'Schema' for 'schemate.' . . . Caecilius in The Changeling–

Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 199, 17, K: 'Schema' pro 'schemate.' . . . Caecilius in Hypobolimaeo– . . . filius . . . in me incedit satis hilara schema. Aged peasant, guardian of the changeling Chaerestratus

Here comes my son towards me in merry shape.

Caecilius Statius (died ca. 168 BC); in: Remains of Old Latin, edited and translated by E. H. Warmington, vol. I, 1935, page 496f.:


哥哥

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

He is my elder brother. He is two years older than I.

Tā shì wǒ de gēge. Tā bǐ wǒ dà liǎng suì.

他是我的哥哥。他比我大兩歲。

他是我的哥哥。他比我大两岁。

Big brother, O big brother, I love to be with you, playing, travelling, watching movies.

go¹ go¹ aa³ go¹ go¹, oi³ jyu⁵ nei⁵ jat¹ hei² jau⁴ hei³ leoi⁵ hang⁴ hon³ hei³.

哥哥呀哥哥，愛與你一起遊戲旅行看戲。

哥哥呀哥哥，爱与你一起游戏旅行看戏。

(literally or figuratively) elder brother; big brother (Classifier: 個／个; 位)

>< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face


agitator

pl-noun

agitator m pers (female equivalent agitatorka)

agitatorka (feminine)
agitator (nominative singular)
agitatorzy (nominative plural)
agitatory (derogatory nominative plural)
agitatora (genitive singular)
agitatorów (genitive plural)
agitatorowi (dative singular)
agitatorom (dative plural)
agitatora (accusative singular)
agitatorów (accusative plural)
agitatorem (instrumental singular)
agitatorami (instrumental plural)
agitatorze (locative singular)
agitatorach (locative plural)
agitatorze (singular vocative)
agitatorzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Agitator, from Latin agitātor. By surface analysis, agitować + -ator. First attested in 1833.

partyjny agitator

prymitywny agitator

unijny agitator

polityczny agitator

młody agitator

notatnik agitatora

poradnik agitatora

rola agitatora

narada agitatorów

grupa agitatorów

agitator sekty

(politics) agitator (one who tries to gather supporters for a political ideal)


patron

patron m pers (female equivalent patronka)

patronka (feminine)
patron (nominative singular)
patronowie (nominative plural)
patroni (nominative plural)
patrona (genitive singular)
patronów (genitive plural)
patronowi (dative singular)
patronom (dative plural)
patrona (accusative singular)
patronów (accusative plural)
patronem (instrumental singular)
patronami (instrumental plural)
patronie (locative singular)
patronach (locative plural)
patronie (singular vocative)
patronowie (plural vocative)
patroni (plural vocative)


narkoman

narkoman m pers (female equivalent narkomanka)

narkomanka (feminine)
narkoman (nominative singular)
narkomani (nominative plural)
narkomany (derogatory nominative plural)
narkomana (genitive singular)
narkomanów (genitive plural)
narkomanowi (dative singular)
narkomanom (dative plural)
narkomana (accusative singular)
narkomanów (accusative plural)
narkomanem (instrumental singular)
narkomanami (instrumental plural)
narkomanie (locative singular)
narkomanach (locative plural)
narkomanie (singular vocative)
narkomani (plural vocative)


senior

senior m pers (female equivalent seniorka)

doyen, senior (oldest member of the family by age)

doyen, elder, senior (eldest or most experienced member of a group)


senior

senior (nominative singular)
seniorzy (nominative plural)
seniory (derogatory nominative plural)
seniora (genitive singular)
seniorów (genitive plural)
seniorowi (dative singular)
seniorom (dative plural)
seniora (accusative singular)
seniorów (accusative plural)
seniorem (instrumental singular)
seniorami (instrumental plural)
seniorze (locative singular)
seniorach (locative plural)
seniorze (singular vocative)
seniorzy (plural vocative)

(feudalism, historical) feudal lord exercising power and guardianship over his subordinate vassal

(Protestantism) senior (senior Protestant clergyman)


junior

junior m pers (female equivalent juniorka)

(humorous, literary) junior (youngest member of the family by age)

junior (athlete who is under the age recommended for a sport, usually nineteen years of age)


junior

junior (nominative singular)
juniorzy (nominative plural)
juniory (derogatory nominative plural)
juniora (genitive singular)
juniorów (genitive plural)
juniorowi (dative singular)
juniorom (dative plural)
juniora (accusative singular)
juniorów (accusative plural)
juniorem (instrumental singular)
juniorami (instrumental plural)
juniorze (locative singular)
juniorach (locative plural)
juniorze (singular vocative)
juniorzy (plural vocative)

Jr. (title used after a son's name when his father has the same name)


otec

cs-noun

otec m anim (related adjective otcovský)

otcovský (adjective)
otec (nominative singular)
otcové (nominative plural)
otci (nominative plural)
otce (genitive singular)
otců (genitive plural)
otcovi (dative singular)
otci (dative singular)
otcům (dative plural)
otce (accusative singular)
otce (accusative plural)
otče (singular vocative)
otcové (plural vocative)
otci (plural vocative)
otcovi (locative singular)
otci (locative singular)
otcích (locative plural)
otcem (instrumental singular)
otci (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech otec, from Proto-Slavic *otьcь.


otec

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otьcь, from Proto-Indo-European *átta.


otec

sk-noun

otec m anim (genitive singular otca, nominative plural otcovia, genitive plural otcov, declension pattern of chlap)

otca (genitive singular)
otcovia (nominative plural)
otcov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
otec (nominative singular)
otcovia (nominative plural)
otca (genitive singular)
otcov (genitive plural)
otcovi (dative singular)
otcom (dative plural)
otca (accusative singular)
otcov (accusative plural)
otče (singular vocative)
otcovia (plural vocative)
otcovi (locative singular)
otcoch (locative plural)
otcom (instrumental singular)
otcami (instrumental plural)