Laurentian

From Latin Laurentius (“Laurence”) + -ian, after the Saint Lawrence River. Piecewise doublet of Laurencian and Lawrentian; compare also lawrencium.

piecewise doublet

(by extension, nonstandard) Of or pertaining to Canada as a whole.


Laurentian

Laurentian language
Saint Lawrence River

An extinct Iroquoian language of Canada.


Thracian

/ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/

(uncountable) the extinct language formerly spoken in Thrace.


San Francisco

From Spanish San Francisco (“Saint Francis”). Doublet of São Francisco.

San Francisco
San Francisco (disambiguation)

A major coastal city and county in California, United States, formerly Yerba Buena (pre-1847).


Egyptian

/ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/

From Middle English Egipcien, egyptiane. Displaced Old English Egyptisċ. By surface analysis, Egypt + -ian.

The Afroasiatic language spoken (and written) in ancient Egypt


Gothic

From Late Latin gothicus (“Gothic, barbaric”), from Ancient Greek Γοτθικός (Gotthikós), from Ancient Greek Γότθοι (Gótthoi, “Goths”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), proposed to derive from unattested Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta). Equivalent to Goth + -ic. The various usages of the adjective are introduced nearly simultaneously in the first half of the 17th century. The literal meaning “of the Goths” is found in the 1611 preface of the King James Bible, in reference to the Gothicke tongue. The generalized meaning of “Germanic, Teutonic” appears in the 1640s. Reference to the medieval period in Western Europe, and specifically the architecture of that period (“barbaric style”, initially a term of abuse), also appears in the 1640s, as does reference to “Gothic characters” or “Gothic letters” in typography.

der

An extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths.


Gothic

en-adj

Gothic (comparative more Gothic, superlative most Gothic)

more Gothic (comparative)
most Gothic (superlative)

готически

of the type formerly used for printing German

Of or relating to the Goths or their language.

“[W]hat he holds of all things to be most gothic, is gallantry to the women.”

1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, II.iii.6:

Enormities which gleam like comets through the darkness of gothic and superstitious ages.

1812 letter, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Prose Works, volume II, quoted in OED, published 1888, page 384:

(figuratively) Barbarous, rude, unpolished, belonging to the “Dark Ages”, medieval as opposed to classical.


Gothic

One hundred fifty Gothics sold over 1.5 million copies a month last spring.

1996, Nora Sayre, Sixties going on seventies, page 180:


Mohican

From their self-designation in Mahican [Term?] (literally “people of the estuary”).

bor

The Mohican are an Algonquian-speaking people.

An indigenous people of New England; the Mohicans.


gaulois

From Middle French, from Old French gualeis (“Welsh”) (compare Old French walois (“langue d'oil”)), from Frankish *walhisk (“Roman”), from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz (“non-Germanic, foreign”). Cognate with Old High German walahisc (“Roman”), Old English wǣlisċ, wīelisċ (“foreign, Celtic”). More at Welsh, Gaul.


Moabite

An extinct Canaanite Semitic language, spoken in Moab (modern-day northwestern Jordan). Extinct since 5th century BCE.


latín

Borrowed from Latin latīne, or possibly through a Gallo-Romance source. Cf. latino, also ladino.

Latin (the language of the ancient Romans)


Livonian

A Finno-Ugric language spoken in Latvia.


Yup'ik

Borrowed from Yup'ik Yup'ik (“real person”), from Proto-Eskimo *iŋuɣpiɣ, from *iŋuɣ (“human, person”).

(linguistics) A language of the Eskimo-Aleut family.

jupikki

subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages


Babylonian

From Latin Babylōnius (“of Babylon, Babylonian”) (from Ancient Greek Βαβυλώνιος (Babulṓnios)) + -an; corresponding to Babylon + -ian.

der

A later form of Akkadian language spoken in Babylonia in 1950 BC – 100 AD.


Etruscan

From Latin Etruscus (which see for more) + -an.

The extinct language of Etruria, which has no known relation to any other language.

伊特鲁里亚语

Yītèlǔlǐyàyǔ


Mbabaram

An extinct ergative Australian aboriginal language of the Southern Pama branch of the large Pama-Nyungan family of languages.


Akkadian

Of or pertaining to the Akkadian language of ancient Mesopotamia.

Of or pertaining to the Akkadian Empire.


Akkadian

The now extinct Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, formerly used as an international language of diplomacy.


Akkadian

A Semitic inhabitant of the region of Mesopotamia near the city of Akkad.


Urartian

The extinct language spoken by the inhabitants of Urartu. Related to Hurrian.


Yuki

Probably from Wintu yu·keh (“enemies; Yuki”)


tupi

Old Tupi (an extinct language of Brazil)


geez

Ge'ez (an extinct Semitic language of Ethiopia)


Cayuse

Adapted from French cailloux, a pre-existing French word. The reason this word came to be used for the tribe is unknown; see the Wikipedia article for theories.


Norse

en-adj

Norse (comparative more Norse, superlative most Norse)

more Norse (comparative)
most Norse (superlative)

Partly from Dutch Noorsch (now Noors (“Norwegian”)), from noordsch (“northern; nordic”); and partly from Danish norsk (“Norwegian”). Both equivalent to north + -ish. Doublet of Norsk.

Of or relating to the people, language and culture of Scandinavia.

Of or relating to the North Germanic group of languages.


Norse

Speakers of any of the North Germanic languages.


Norse

(US printing, rare, dated) A size of type between Saxon and excelsior, 2+¹⁄₂-point type.


Old Irish

The Irish language as attested from the sixth to the tenth centuries C.E., the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive texts (written in the Latin alphabet) are extant.


gotico

it-adj

gotico (feminine gotica, masculine plural gotici, feminine plural gotiche)

gotica (feminine)
gotici (masculine plural)
gotiche (feminine plural)


Akkadisch

Borrowed from German Akkadisch, akkadisch. Equivalent to Akkad + -isch.


Akkadisch

Akkadisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Akkadische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Akkadisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Akkadische (indefinite plural positive)
Akkadische (definite positive)
Akkadisch (partitive positive)


Latijn

nl-noun

Latijn m (plural Latijnen, diminutive Latijntje n, feminine Latijnse)

Latijnen (plural)
Latijntje (diminutive neuter)
Latijnse (feminine)

From Middle Dutch latijn, from Latin Latīnus.

Latin, a citizen of Ancient Rome or the region of Latium


Lycian

An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian group.


Phrygian

/ˈfɹɪ.d͡ʒɪ.ən/

From Latin Phrygiānus + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Phrygianus is derived from Phrygia + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’); and Phrygia is from Ancient Greek Φρῠγῐ́ᾱ (Phrugíā, “region in Anatolia”), from Φρῠ́ξ (Phrúx, “person from Phrygia”) (further etymology unknown, possibly from Phrygian or related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to ascend, rise up; to be elevated, up high”)) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).


Auregnais

An extinct Norman dialect once spoken on Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.


Cimmerian

/sɪˈmɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/

From the Latin Cimmerius, from Ancient Greek Κιμμέριος (Kimmérios, “pertaining to the Cimmerii”) + -an.

the language of the Cimmerians, possibly belonging to the Iranian branch


Dacian

From Dacia + -an, from Latin Dacia (“Dacia”).

An extinct Indo-European language spoken by the people of Dacia.


Hittite

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-Hittite.wav

From Biblical Hebrew חִתִּי (ḥittî), from Hittite 𒄩𒋾 (ḫati), perhaps ultimately an exonym related to Hatti.
In reference to the Indo-European-speaking people of Asia Minor (as opposed to the Biblical Hittites), this term was first used in the early 20th century in confusion with the neighboring Hattites (Hattic) whose language was recorded in discovered texts as [script needed] (ḫattili). It is now known that the Hittites called themselves 𒉈𒋗𒈨𒉌𒌍 (ne-šu-me-né-eš /nešumeneš/, “people from the city of Nesha”), hence the much less used alternative name Nesite or Neshite.

The study of the main body of Hittite texts was intrusted^([sic]) to the Austrian scholar Hrozny, who in 1915 published a preliminary account of his results[…]

1920, Carl D. Buck, “Hittite an Indo-European Language?”, in Classical Philology, volume 15, number 2, →DOI, page 185:

An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.


Dalmatian

An extinct Romance language that was once spoken in Dalmatia.


vándalo

From Latin Vandalus, named after the Germanic tribe, from Proto-Germanic *wandilaz.


Qatabanian

the extinct Old South Arabian language of the Qatabanians

قَتَبَانِيّة

the extinct OSA languages of the Qatabanians


Minoan

Sir Arthur Evans, not knowing the Minoan term for “Minoan” at the time, coined this name in the early 20th century, from Ancient Greek Μίνως (Mínōs), the mythical king of Crete. The actual name is probably reflected in Egyptian kftjw (perhaps reconstructible as *Káftayu) and Biblical Hebrew כַּפְתּוֹר (Kaftor, “Caphthor”).


Wyandot

A placename:
Ellipsis of Wyandot County.


Old Prussian

An extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians, the indigenous peoples of the historical region of Prussia (now north-eastern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and Lithuania).

պրուսերեն

the Old Prussian language — see also Prussian


Darkinjung

No. 4 represents the country occupied by the tribes speaking the Darkinung, Wannerawa, Warrimee, Wannungine, Dharrook and some other dialects.

1898, R. H. Mathews, “Initiation in Australian Tribes”, in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge, volume 37:

The Darkiñung speaking people adjoined the Kamilaroi on the south-east and occupied a considerable range of country in the counties of Hunter, Northumberland and Cook, extending from Wilberforce and Wiseman’s Ferry on the Hawkesbury river, to Jerry’s Plains and Singleton on the Hunter, and including the basins of the Colo and Macdonald rivers, Wollombi Brook and other streams.

1903, R. H. Mathews, “Languages of the Kamilaroi and other Aboriginal tribes of New South Wales”, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 33:

Aboriginal languages spoken in the settled areas of the Cumberland Plain, which lies to the east of the Blue Mountains in the immediate vicinity of Syndey, included speakers of Dharuk, Iyora, Guringgai, Dharawal, Gundungura, Darkinyung and Awabakal.

1996, Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas:

Four languages are recognised as being spoken across the study area at contact: Darginyung, Guringai, Dharuk and Dharawal.

Old materials on O1, Dharuk, give 1du as ŋala or ŋalu and there is no explanation for the final vowel (note, though, that ŋali is found in the closely related language O2, Darkinjung).

2002, R. M. W. Dixon, Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development:

(linguistics) The extinct language of the people of that region.


Catawba

From catawba, as the tree was the people's totem.

There was a Catawba brave who took some pottery [to another tribe] to trade for bows and arrows. This chief [of the other tribe] had a beautiful daughter, and the Catawba brave fell in love with her, and she likewise fell in love with him. When the Catawba brave left, she asked her father for a bow and arrow. She shot it in the air in the direction the brave went, and then she went to get it. She kept shooting it in the air until she caught up with him.

1970, a Catawba origin story, told and retold by various individuals, and printed by Charles M. Hudson in his book The Catawba Nation

A member of a Native American people who inhabit the Carolinas: the Iswa.

The basic material for sherry is a mixture or a blend of dry wines from Niagaras, Delawares, and Catawbas or other white juices, which are sweetened and fortified and then blended with California sherry.

1950, Peter John Valaer, Wines of the world:

(plural "Catawbas") A reddish American dessert grape.


Catawba

The now-extinct language of this people.

Cornwallis finally moved after Morgan's men. Left behind to cover the fords and delay the British, North Carolina general William Lee Davidson and a few men were killed as the British poured across Cowan's Ford. Once the British crossed the Catawba, the Americans had to get past another river, the Yadkin beyond Salisbury.

1998, Lawrence E. Babits, A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens:

A river in the Carolinas which rises in the Blue Ridge Mountains and flows approximately 220 miles (350 km) before joining the Wateree River and ultimately flowing into the Atlantic.


Hurrian

From Hurrian 𒄷𒌨𒊑 (Ḫu-ur-ri). Falkenstein and Kramer had once connected it to Sumerian 𒄯𒊒𒌝 (ḫur-ru-um /ḫurrum/, “a mountain cave, cavern”) when it was misidentified as a proper name of a mountain rather than a generic term; see the epic Lugalbanda in the Mountain Cave.

der

The language of Hurrians, neither Indo-European nor Semitic, whose only known relative is the Urartian.


Oscan

From Latin Osci, Opsci ("worshippers of Ops"), an Italic harvest goddess, related to Latin ops, opis (“riches, wealth, plenty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-os- (“work”), from the verbal root *h₃ep- (“to work”).

The extinct language of the Oscan people.


Kaurna

The once extinct language spoken by the Kaurna people.


Muk-thang

mutually intelligible
mutually intelligible

The now-extinct language encompassing the dialect of the Kurnai, as well as nearby dialects with which it was mutually intelligible.


Andoa

A probably extinct Zaparoan language, spoken in Peru.


Sumerian

/səˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/

(linguistics) The ancient language spoken in Sumer, a language isolate.


Norn

Ultimately from Old Norse norrǿnn (“northern, Norse”)

An extinct North Germanic language once spoken on the Shetland and Orkney Islands.


Gaulish

From Old English Gallisċ, equivalent to Gaul + -ish. Doublet of Welsh.

The Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul, long extinct.


Frankish

From Frank + -ish. Compare Middle English Frenkisch, Frenkis (“Frankish, French”), Old English Frencisc (“Frankish, French”). More at French.
Doublet of French.

cog

The language of the Franks, an ancient West Germanic language, ancestral to Dutch.


Sudovian

The Western Baltic language of the Sudovian people, related to Old Prussian.


Rumsen

One of eight divisions of the Ohlone Native American people of northern California native to Monterey Bay Area.


Skraeling

After Old Norse skrælingi (of disputed etymology), the Norse name for the native inhabitants of Greenland and continental North America (Eastern Canada).

(linguistics) A little-known language once spoken by the now extinct Beothuk Indians of Newfoundland (also called Beothuk or Red Indian).


Ge'ez

He takes out a leather-bound Bible, written in Ge'ez, illuminated by drawings of angels with large, soulful eyes.

2019, Maaza Mengiste, The Shadow King, Canongate Books (2020), page 328:

An Ethiopian language which is extinct but still used liturgically.


Umbrian

Relating to Umbria or to its inhabitants or extinct language.

umbre

relating to Umbria or to its inhabitants or extinct language


Plains Apache

The now-extinct Southern Athabascan language spoken by the Plains Apache people.


Mutsun

The extinct language of this people, an Ohlone dialect in the Utian family.


Salinan

The Salinan were named after the Salinas River by Robert Latham first in 1856, and by John Wesley Powell in 1891.


Esselen

The name Esselen "probably derived from the name of a major native village", possibly from the village known as Exse'ein, or the place called Eslenes, the site of the Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo. The Spanish extended the term to mean the entire linguistic group (Hester 1978:498-499).

An indigenous population native to the region of Big Sur on the Central Coast of California.


Karkin

The spoken language by this people, an Ohlone dialect in the Utian family.


Awaswas

The spoken language of this people, an Ohlone dialect in the Utian family.


Chochenyo

The language of this people, an Ohlone dialect in the Utian family.


Chalon

One of eight divisions of the Ohlone Native American people of northern California native to the Salinas Valley.


Santa Clara

The Spanish named a California Mission Santa Clara de Asís after Saint Clare of Assisi in the late 18th century. Eventually the name was extended by linguists to mean the native Tamyen people gathered at the mission and their primary language.

Santa Clara County
Santa Clara County#English

A city in Santa Clara County, California, United States.


Ramaytush

From Northern Ohlone Rammay-tuš (“people from the west”), used by the Chochenyo people of the East Bay.


Soledad

A city in Monterey County, California, United States.


Amorite

/ˈæ.məˌɹaɪt/

[ˈɛə̯mɚ.ʌɪ̯t̚]

From Biblical Hebrew אֲמֹרִי (ʾĂmōrî) + -ite, of uncertain origin; compare Akkadian 𒈥𒌅 (Amurrum).


Ugaritic

From Ugarit + -ic, via a Semitic medium from Sumerian 𒀀𒃼 (a-gar₃ /agar/, “arable land”).

uder

The Northwest Semitic language of the ancient city of Ugarit in Syria. Extinct since 1100 B.C.E., it was written in cuneiform.


Edomite

[ˈiɾɪ̈mʌɪ̯t̚]

A Canaanite Semitic language spoken by the Edomites in southwestern Jordan in the first millennium BCE, extinct from the 6th century BCE.


Pecheneg

/ˈpɛt͡ʃənɛɡ/

Borrowed from Russian печене́г (pečenég).

[…]these loanwords are later borrowings from the Pecheneg and Comanian, respectively.

1991, Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, Volume 7, Peter de Ridder Press, page 286:

(historical) The now extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs.


sumérien

fr-adj

sumérien (feminine sumérienne, masculine plural sumériens, feminine plural sumériennes)

sumérienne (feminine)
sumériens (masculine plural)
sumériennes (feminine plural)


Tocharian

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Latin Tochari + -ian, from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Kucheans”) (see Τόχαρος (Tókharos)), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).

der

(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi.


punico

From Latin pūnicus (“Punic”), from Poenicus (“Phoenician”), from Ancient Greek Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix, “Phoenician”).


Massachusett

A Native American tribe who traditionally live in the Massachusetts Bay area in the state of Massachusetts.


Wampanoag

en-noun

Wampanoag (plural Wampanoags or Wampanoag)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Wampanoag.wav

A member of a current Native American nation currently consisting of five affiliated tribes.


Pyu

The Tibeto-Burman language of this people.


saxão

pt-noun

saxão m (plural saxões, feminine saxã, feminine plural saxãs)

saxões (plural)
saxã (feminine)
saxãs (feminine plural)

[sakˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

Borrowed from Late Latin Saxōnem (“a Saxon”), from Proto-Germanic *Sahsô, probably originally a derivative of *sahsą (“rock, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).

bor+

Saxon (member of the Saxons, an ancient Germanic tribe)

(uncountable) Saxon (language of the Saxons)


saxão

pt-adj

saxão (feminine saxã, masculine plural saxões, feminine plural saxãs, not comparable)

saxã (feminine)
saxões (masculine plural)
saxãs (feminine plural)

[sakˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]


Ancient Macedonian

The Hellenic language of Ancient Macedonians, probably related to Ancient Greek, spoken in Macedon from 808 BCE till 168 BCE


Ammonite

[ˈɛə̯mɪ̈nʌɪ̯t̚]


Ammonite

[ˈɛə̯mɪ̈nʌɪ̯t̚]

The extinct Canaanite language of the Ammonite people who used to live in modern-day northwest Jordan, and after whom its capital Amman is named. Extinct since 5th century BCE.


Carian

/ˈkɛː.ɹɪ.ən/

/ˈkɛə.ɹɪ.ən/

An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian subgroup.


Kemi Sami

One of the languages once spoken by the Sami people, now extinct.


Akkala Sami

A language, once spoken by the Sami people, that became extinct in 2003.


alemán antiguo

es-adj

alemán antiguo (feminine alemana antigua, masculine plural alemanes antiguos, feminine plural alemanas antiguas)

alemana antigua (feminine)
alemanes antiguos (masculine plural)
alemanas antiguas (feminine plural)


eslavo eclesiástico

Old Church Slavonic (the first literary and liturgical Slavic language)


Biloxi

Biloxi language
Biloxi people
Biloxi, Mississippi

A city in and one of the two county seats of Harrison County, Mississippi, United States.


etrusco

From Latin Etruscus (“Estruscan”), from Etruria (“Etruria”).


etrusco

Borrowed from Latin Etrūscus (“Estruscan”), from Etrūria (“Etruria”).


fenicio

Borrowed from Latin phoenīcius (“Phoenician”).


Baekje

From the Revised Romanization of Korean 백제(百濟) (Baekje).

(historical) An ancient language spoken in that kingdom.


gótico

Borrowed from Late Latin gothicus (“gothic”).

Gothic (an extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths)


gótico

pt-adj

gótico (feminine gótica, masculine plural góticos, feminine plural góticas, not comparable)

gótica (feminine)
góticos (masculine plural)
góticas (feminine plural)

Gothic (of or relating to the architectural style)


Yurok

Borrowed from Karok [Term?] (“downriver [people]”), as they live on the Klamath River downstream of the Karuk, whose name means "upriver [people]".

bor+

A member of a particular Native American tribe of Northern California.


Pumpokol

A Yeniseian language formerly spoken in Siberia that has been extinct since the 18th century.


Kott

A Yeniseian language which was spoken in Siberia and has been extinct for 150 years.


Jurchen

From a reconstruction of Jurchen *jörcen, attested via Middle Chinese 竹里真 (ʈɨuk̚ lɨ^X t͡ɕiɪn) and Khitan 𘲮𘯤𘰭 (*ju rả n), developed under the influence of Manchu ᠵᡠᡵᠴᡳᡨ (jurcit) and Classical Mongolian ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠳ (ǰürčid). Vajda argues for a derivation from a Proto-Tungusic word meaning "reindeer people", cognate with the Orochs of Russia's Khabarovsk Province and the Oroks of Sakhalin.

A member of a medieval and early modern Tungusic people, progenitors of the Manchus.


Jurchen

An extinct Tungusic language (code jur), related to Manchu.


Taino

From Taíno taino (“lord, noble, foremost”).

He was accepted as a Taino now and must adapt to their ways.

2015, Donald H Sullivan, Turnbull's Slaves: A Minorcan Story - Plus Taino, Lulu Press, Inc, →ISBN:

Following the birth of a baby, Tainos would perform a naming ritual where the child would be pronounced as a Taino and a human being (Keegan, 1997).

2016, Hector Y. Adames, Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas, Cultural Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health: History, Theory and within Group Differences, Routledge, →ISBN, page 24:

A member of a group of pre-Columbian indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and some of the Lesser Antilles.


Egyptisch

From Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch (“-ish, -ian”).


drevjanština

drevjanština (nominative singular)
drevjanštiny (nominative plural)
drevjanštiny (genitive singular)
drevjanštin (genitive plural)
drevjanštině (dative singular)
drevjanštinám (dative plural)
drevjanštinu (accusative singular)
drevjanštiny (accusative plural)
drevjanštino (singular vocative)
drevjanštiny (plural vocative)
drevjanštině (locative singular)
drevjanštinách (locative plural)
drevjanštinou (instrumental singular)
drevjanštinami (instrumental plural)


polabština

polabština (nominative singular)
polabštiny (nominative plural)
polabštiny (genitive singular)
polabštin (genitive plural)
polabštině (dative singular)
polabštinám (dative plural)
polabštinu (accusative singular)
polabštiny (accusative plural)
polabštino (singular vocative)
polabštiny (plural vocative)
polabštině (locative singular)
polabštinách (locative plural)
polabštinou (instrumental singular)
polabštinami (instrumental plural)

Polabština je západoslovanský jazyk.


lusitano

pt-noun

lusitano m (plural lusitanos, feminine lusitana, feminine plural lusitanas)

lusitanos (plural)
lusitana (feminine)
lusitanas (feminine plural)

(uncountable) Lusitanian (the extinct language spoken by the Lusitani)


Nimbari

A language spoken in northern Cameroon and Nigeria.


Iberisch

de-proper noun

Iberisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Iberisch or Iberischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Iberische, alternative genitive Iberischen, no plural)

Iberisch (genitive)
Iberischs (genitive)
Iberische (alternative nominative)
Iberischen (alternative genitive)
Iberisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Iberische (definite nominative singular)
Iberisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Iberischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Iberischen (definite genitive singular)
Iberisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Iberischen (dative definite singular)
Iberisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Iberische (accusative definite singular)


Negerhollands

US Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands

A Dutch-based creole, also incorporating elements of Danish, English, French, Spanish and West African languages, once spoken in what are now the US Virgin Islands.


norreno

From Old Norse norrœnn, norðrœnn (“northern”), from Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz.


norreno

Old Norse (Germanic language spoken in Scandinavia before 1400 CE)


Venetic

From Latin veneticus, from Venetia (“land of the Veneti; Venice, Veneto”) + -icus (“-ic: forming adjectives”), from Venetī + -ia, of uncertain origin. Equivalent to Veneti + -ic.

(historical linguistics) An extinct Indo-European language once spoken by the Veneti people who lived between the Po River delta in northeastern Italy and the southern Alps in Slovenia in antiquity.


Wichita

/ˈwɪt͡ʃɪtɔː/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Wichita.wav

Uncertain. Probably from Creek we-chate (“red water”), referring to We-chate hatchee (Red Water River, or Red River of the South).

A member of a tribe of Native Americans, most populous in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.


Shasta

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Shasta County, California, United States.


Rhaetian

(linguistics) An extinct non-Romance language spoken in the ancient region of Raetia in the eastern Alps in pre-Roman and Roman times.


Sabaean

An extinct Semitic language spoken in Sheba (Saba).


Oudnoors

Oudnoors (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudnoorse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudnoors (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudnoorse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudnoorse (definite positive)
Oudnoors (partitive positive)


Alsea

An extinct Penutian language spoken in the United States.


Oudengels

Oudengels (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudengelse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudengels (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudengelse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudengelse (definite positive)
Oudengels (partitive positive)

/ˈɑu̯tɛŋəls/


Chagatai

/ˈt͡ʃɑːɡətaɪ/

Transliteration of Russian Чагата́й (Čagatáj), from Uyghur چاغاتاي (chaghatay), from Chagatai جغتای (jağatāy), from Middle Mongol ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠶ (čaɣatay).

transliteration

A male given name of historical usage, most famously borne by the Mongol ruler Chagatai Khan (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan and first khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a medieval Mongol and later Turkicized khanate of Central Asia (divided after the 14th century).


norn

fo-noun

norn n (genitive singular norns, uncountable)

norns (genitive singular)
norn (indefinite nominative)
norn (accusative indefinite)
norni (dative indefinite)
norns (genitive indefinite)

From English Norn or Scots Norn, from Norn, from Old Norse norrǿna.


Vandalic

The extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Vandals, probably closely related to the Gothic language.


Oudgrieks

Oudgrieks (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudgriekse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudgrieks (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudgriekse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudgriekse (definite positive)
Oudgrieks (partitive positive)


Frygisch

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Φρῠγῐκός (Phrugikós). Equivalent to Frygië + -isch.

Phrygian (extinct Indo-European language spoken in Anatolia)


Oudnederlands

Men noemt deze dialecten [...] pas vanaf de 8ste eeuw Oudnederlands omdat men aanneemt dat ze eerst omstreeks die tijd op een aantal belangrijke punten zijn gaan verschillen van de andere Oudwest-Germaanse talen. Het eindpunt van het Oudnederlands, dat tevens als beginpunt van het Middelnederlands geldt, wordt rond het midden van de 12de eeuw gesitueerd.

2005, Guy Janssens & Ann Marynissen, Het Nederlands vroeger en nu, 2nd ed., Leuven (België), (1st ed. 2003), p. 47

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Het is gebruikelijk om te beginnen bij het zogenaamde Oudnederlands, dat gesproken werd vanaf ongeveer de achtste eeuw. [...] Op het Oudnederlands volgde het Middelnederlands, dat gesproken werd in de late Middeleeuwen, vanaf ongeveer midden twaalfde tot eind vijftiende eeuw.

2021, Esther Ruigendijk, Marijke De Belder, Ankelien Schippers, Inleiding Nederlandse taalkunde: Voor aankomende neerlandici intra en extra muros, section 2.6 Een zeer beknopte geschiedenis van het Nederlands


Oudnederlands

Oudnederlands (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudnederlandse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudnederlands (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudnederlandse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudnederlandse (definite positive)
Oudnederlands (partitive positive)


inglês antigo

[ĩˈɡle(ɪ̯)z ɐ̃ˈt͡ʃi.ɡu]

[ĩˈɡle(ɪ̯)z ɐ̃ˈt͡ʃi.ɡu]

[ĩˈɡle(ɪ̯)z ɐ̃ˈt͡ʃi.ɡo]

Old English (ancestor language of modern English)


ǀXam

An extinct Khoisan language once spoken in South Africa.


egyptština

egyptština (nominative singular)
egyptštiny (nominative plural)
egyptštiny (genitive singular)
egyptštin (genitive plural)
egyptštině (dative singular)
egyptštinám (dative plural)
egyptštinu (accusative singular)
egyptštiny (accusative plural)
egyptštino (singular vocative)
egyptštiny (plural vocative)
egyptštině (locative singular)
egyptštinách (locative plural)
egyptštinou (instrumental singular)
egyptštinami (instrumental plural)

Egyptština je afroasijský jazyk.


Oudhoogduits

Oudhoogduits (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudhoogduitse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudhoogduits (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudhoogduitse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudhoogduitse (definite positive)
Oudhoogduits (partitive positive)


Lombardic

Of the Lombards, a Germanic people who settled in Italy in the sixth century C.E., or of their language or culture.


Lombardic

Lombardic language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

The language of the Lombards, an extinct Germanic language known from fragmentary evidence.


Angelsaksisch

From Angel + Saksisch, perhaps a calque.


dalmatico

it-adj

dalmatico (feminine dalmatica, masculine plural dalmatici, feminine plural dalmatiche)

dalmatica (feminine)
dalmatici (masculine plural)
dalmatiche (feminine plural)


Old Galician-Portuguese

Late Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages#English

A language spoken in western Iberia during the High and Late Middle Ages, the ancestor of modern Portuguese and Galician.

oldportugisisk

Portuguese language from 12th to 15th centuries


Pruisisch

Pruisisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Pruisische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Pruisisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Pruisische (indefinite plural positive)
Pruisische (definite positive)
Pruisisch (partitive positive)

Prussian (pertaining to the Old Prussian language)


Pruisisch

Prussian (extinct Western Baltic language)


francês médio

[fɾɐ̃ˈse(ɪ̯)ʒ ˈmɛ.d͡ʒɪ.u]


sumerio

Idioma sumerio on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᵉˢ


Vietic

(linguistics) The Proto-Vietic language, the hypothetical last common ancestor of all Vietic languages.


Middelnederlands

Middelnederlands (adverbial positive predicative)
Middelnederlandse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Middelnederlands (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Middelnederlandse (indefinite plural positive)
Middelnederlandse (definite positive)
Middelnederlands (partitive positive)


Wiyot

The now-extinct Algic language of the Wiyot people.


Volscian

An Italic language formerly spoken by the Volsci and becoming extinct sometime after the 3rd century BC.


Galician-Portuguese

The common ancestor of these languages, spoken in the Middle Ages, also called Old Portuguese.


Diets

nl-adj

Diets (comparative Dietser, superlative meest Diets or Dietst)

Dietser (comparative)
meest Diets (superlative)
Dietst (superlative)
Diets (adverbial positive predicative)
Dietser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Dietst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Dietste (adverbial predicative superlative)
Dietse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Dietsere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Dietste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Diets (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Dietser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Dietste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Dietse (indefinite plural positive)
Dietsere (comparative indefinite plural)
Dietste (indefinite plural superlative)
Dietse (definite positive)
Dietsere (comparative definite)
Dietste (definite superlative)
Diets (partitive positive)
Dietsers (comparative partitive)

From Middle Dutch dietsch, from Old Dutch *thiudisc, from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz, from *þeudō (“people, nation”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”). Doublet of Duits.


Natchez

A member of a tribe of Native Americans once living in the area of Mississippi.


Natchez

The extinct Muskhogean language of these people.

A city, the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States.


Classical Syriac

An extinct language of the Northwest branch of the Semitic language family.

ܠܫܢܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ

Leššānā ‘atīqā


Oudfrankisch

Oudfrankisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudfrankische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudfrankisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudfrankische (indefinite plural positive)
Oudfrankische (definite positive)
Oudfrankisch (partitive positive)


Slovincian

Alexander Hilferding
Slovincian language
Slovincians

From Kashubian Słowińc (“Slovincian”, person) + -ian. The ultimate origin is uncertain; the name is often said to be coined by Alexander Hilferding, but it actually predates his research, being found in (17th century) German slowinzisch, related to wendisch and often mistaken with Latin vandalicus.

der

The extinct language of the Slovincians.

سْلُوفِينْسِيَّة

extinct language of the Slovincian people


Goguryeo

/ɡəʊˈɡʊəjəʊ/

/ɡoʊˈɡʊəɹjoʊ/

From the Revised Romanization of Korean 고구려(高句麗) (Goguryeo). Compare Goryeo and Korea.

(historical) The language spoken in the Goguryeo kingdom.


Narragansett

en-noun

Narragansett (plural Narragansetts or Narragansett)

Narragansetts (plural)
Narragansett (plural)

/ˌnɛrəˈɡænsət/

A member of an Algonquian Native American tribe that formerly inhabited the shores of Narragansett Bay.


Aquitanian

The extinct Vasconic language of Aquitania. See Wikipedia


Penobscot

An extinct Abenaki (Algonquian) language, spoken in parts of the northeastern United States and in Quebec, related to Western Abenaki.


fenício

Learned borrowing from Latin phoenīcius (“phoenician”), from Phoenīcia (“Phoenicia”), from Ancient Greek Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē), from φοίνικι (phoíniki, “Phoenicians”), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀍 (po-ni-ki-jo), from Egyptian fnḫw (fenekhu, “Canaanites, Syrians”).


púnico

From Latin pūnicus (“Punic”), from Poenicus (“Phoenician”), from Ancient Greek Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix, “Phoenician”).


hitita

Hittite (Indo-European language spoken in Bronze-Age Anatolia)


hitita

From Biblical Hebrew חִתִּי (ḫītī) + -ita, from Hittite 𒄩𒋾 (ḫati).


Langobardisch

de-proper noun

Langobardisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Langobardisch or Langobardischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Langobardische, alternative genitive Langobardischen, no plural)

Langobardisch (genitive)
Langobardischs (genitive)
Langobardische (alternative nominative)
Langobardischen (alternative genitive)
Langobardisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Langobardische (definite nominative singular)
Langobardisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Langobardischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Langobardischen (definite genitive singular)
Langobardisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Langobardischen (dative definite singular)
Langobardisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Langobardische (accusative definite singular)

Lombardic (the language of the Lombards)


Volskisch

Volskisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Volskisch or Volskischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Volskische, alternative genitive Volskischen, no plural)

Volskisch (genitive)
Volskischs (genitive)
Volskische (alternative nominative)
Volskischen (alternative genitive)


Fränkisch

Fränkisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Fränkisch or Fränkischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Fränkische, alternative genitive Fränkischen, no plural)

Fränkisch (genitive)
Fränkischs (genitive)
Fränkische (alternative nominative)
Fränkischen (alternative genitive)

de:Altfränkische Sprache
de:Fränkisch (Sprachwissenschaft)
de:Ostfränkische Dialekte

1881, Franz Devantier, Ueber die Lautverschiebung und das Verhältnis des Hochdeutschen zum Niederdeutschen, p. 33f. (with a chart), in: 1881, Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge, herausgegeben von Rud. Virchow und Fr. v. Holtzendorff. XVI. Serie. Heft 361—384, p. 517ff. (books.google)

Der erste Zweig zur äußersten Rechten stellt das Bairisch-Oesterreichisch vor, der zweite das Schwäbisch-Alemannische, der dritte bezeichnet das Thüringisch-Ostdeutsche, der vierte sich dreifach theilende das Fränkische, dessen linker Zweig, das Niederfränkische, aus dem das heutige Niederfränkische und das Holländische hervorgegangen ist, von der zweiten Lautverschiebung unberührt auf der niederdeutschen Stufe stehen geblieben ist.

Nun ist es zwar so, daß die Lex Salica vor allem eine romanische Überlieferung hat, und deren Schreiber die fränkischen Worte nicht mehr verstanden haben [...]

2001, Elmar Seebold, edited by Elmar Seebold with assistance by Brigitte Bulitta, Elke Krotz, Judith Stieglbauer-Schwarz, Christiane Wanzeck, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes: Der Wortschatz des 8. Jahrhunderts (und früherer Quellen) (Titelabkürzung: ChWdW8), Walter de Gruyter: Berlin & New York, p. 64

Im übrigen sind die malbergischen Glossen zwar der wichtigste Bestand an germanischen Einsprengseln in der Lex Salica, aber nicht der einzige, weil der Wortschatz dieses Gesetzeswerks auch sonst durchsetzt ist von Entlehnungen verschiedenster Art aus dem Fränkischen.

Bei den Malbergischen Glossen ist es wohl wahrscheinlich, dass sie ihren Ursprung zumindest teilweise dem Umstand verdanken, dass die jeweiligen Begriffe im Lateinischen und im Fränkischen einen anderen Bedeutungsinhalt haben.

2012, Hans Henning Hoff, Hafliði Másson und die Einflüsse des römischen Rechts in der Grágás, Walter de Gruyter, page 193:

Frankish, Old Frankish (an extinct West Germanic language, spoken by the Franks)


Gotisch

From older Gotsch, ultimately from Latin gothicus. Equivalent to Goten + -isch.


Lydisch

Lydisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Lydisch or Lydischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Lydische, alternative genitive Lydischen, no plural)

Lydisch (genitive)
Lydischs (genitive)
Lydische (alternative nominative)
Lydischen (alternative genitive)


Klallam

From the North Straits Salish name for the Klallam people, [xʷsˈtɬæləm].

A member of a group of related Native American communities from the Pacific Northwest of North America.


Aka-Bo

From Aka-Bo aka- (“a prefix used on words relating to the mouth”) + bo.

der

A Great Andamanese language, the last speaker of which died in 2010.


A-Pucikwar

From A-Pucikwar a- (prefix used on words relating to the mouth) + Pucikwar.

The now-extinct language spoken by the Pucikwar people.


ǁXegwi

They also occur in ǁxegwi but not in other "Bush" languages.

1980, Jannie Winston Snyman, Bushman and Hottentot linguistic studies, page 75:

[…] variety known as ǁXegwi was spoken. In the 1950s there were fewer than 36 speakers left. They were described as still knowing their language 'fairly well' and being bilingual in 'Swazi-Zulu' and Afrikaans (Potgieter 1955), […]

1995, Rajend Mesthrie, Language and social history: studies in South African sociolinguistics, page 13:

TABLE 11.2 Loss of ancestral ! clicks in ǁXegwi.

2009, Rudolf P. Botha, Chris Knight, The Cradle of Language, page 216:

An extinct language formerly spoken in South Africa near the Swazi border.


Abipón

Borrowed from Spanish abipón of American Indian origin.

The language of the Abipón people, of Guaicuruan origin.


Lombardish

From Middle English Lombardish, from Old English *Longbeardisc (“Lombardish”), equivalent to Lombard + -ish.

inh

And also another scripture that men call the Lombardish law, deviseth thereof in divers cases; the which hereafter shall be declared by me unto thee.

1807, George Burnett, Specimens of English prose-writers:

Of or pertaining to the Lombards, a Germanic people who settled in Italy in the sixth century C.E., their language, customs, or culture.

[...] Jazz became many things—frenetic, destructive, hysterical, decadent, venal, alcoholic, saccharine, Lombardish, vapid—it has enriched stuffed bellies; it has corrupted the innocent; [...]

2010, John Szwed, Alan Lomax: The Man Who Recorded the World:


Lombardish

The language of the Lombards, an extinct Germanic language known from fragmentary evidence; Lombardic.


Middelhoogduits

Middelhoogduits (adverbial positive predicative)
Middelhoogduitse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Middelhoogduits (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Middelhoogduitse (indefinite plural positive)
Middelhoogduitse (definite positive)
Middelhoogduits (partitive positive)


Chorasmian

an extinct Eastern Iranian language once spoken in Chorasmia


Milyan

An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian group.


Hayasan

the language of Hayasa of unknown affiliation, attested in only few names


Mysian

An extinct unclassified language, possibly belonging to the Anatolian subgroup of Indo-European languages.


Oudkerkslavisch

From oud (“old”) + kerk (“church”) + Slavisch (“Slavic, Slavonic”).


Eyak

the extinct Na-Dené language of these people, formerly spoken near the mouth of the Copper River in Alaska.


Solano

The little-known extinct language spoken by the Solano.


Klamath-Modoc

The now-extinct language spoken by the Klamath and Modoc peoples of northern California and Oregon.


Ubykh

The extinct ergative and agglutinative language spoken by the Ubykh people, notable for its large number of distinct consonants and only two vowels.


Gbin

An extinct Mande language of Ivory Coast.


galaicoportugués

es-adj

galaicoportugués (feminine galaicoportuguesa, masculine plural galaicoportugueses, feminine plural galaicoportuguesas)

galaicoportuguesa (feminine)
galaicoportugueses (masculine plural)
galaicoportuguesas (feminine plural)

From galaico (“Galician”) + portugués (“Portuguese”).


galaicoportugués

Galician-Portuguese (the ancestral language of modern Galician and Portuguese)


Rugian

The hypothetical East Germanic language once spoken by the Rugians.


Beothuk

(linguistics) The extinct language of these people.


Noric

A Celtic language, attested in only two fragmentary inscriptions from the Roman province of Noricum.


South Picene

an extinct Italic language spoken in what today is the Marches region of Italy


Crimean Gothic

A Germanic, probably East Germanic, language spoken by the Crimean Goths in some isolated locations in Crimea until the late eighteenth century.

克里米亚哥特语

kèlǐmǐyà gētèyǔ


Lusitanisch

de-proper noun

Lusitanisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Lusitanisch or Lusitanischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Lusitanische, alternative genitive Lusitanischen, no plural)

Lusitanisch (genitive)
Lusitanischs (genitive)
Lusitanische (alternative nominative)
Lusitanischen (alternative genitive)
Lusitanisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Lusitanische (definite nominative singular)
Lusitanisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Lusitanischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Lusitanischen (definite genitive singular)
Lusitanisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Lusitanischen (dative definite singular)
Lusitanisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Lusitanische (accusative definite singular)

Lusitanian (extinct paleo-Hispanic language)


Gallaecian

Northwestern Hispano-Celtic, an extinct language of the Celtic family, spoken by the Gallaeci at the beginning of the first millennium CE in a north-western part of the Iberian Peninsula.


Middelengels

From middel- (“middle”) + Engels (“English”).

(linguistics) Middle English, the ancestor language of Modern English spoken between the 11th and 15th centuries


Tillamook

Tillamook County
Tillamook County#English

A city, the county seat of Tillamook County, Oregon, United States.


Vanji

An extinct Iranian language formerly spoken in the Vanj River valley of Tajikistan.


Vroegnieuwhoogduits

Early New High German
Early New High German


Vroegnieuwhoogduits

Vroegnieuwhoogduits (adverbial positive predicative)
Vroegnieuwhoogduitse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Vroegnieuwhoogduits (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Vroegnieuwhoogduitse (indefinite plural positive)
Vroegnieuwhoogduitse (definite positive)
Vroegnieuwhoogduits (partitive positive)


Vroegnieuwengels

From vroeg (“early”) + nieuw (“new”) + Engels (“English”).

affix

Early Modern English
Early Modern English


Vroegnieuwengels

Vroegnieuwengels (adverbial positive predicative)
Vroegnieuwengelse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Vroegnieuwengels (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Vroegnieuwengelse (indefinite plural positive)
Vroegnieuwengelse (definite positive)
Vroegnieuwengels (partitive positive)


Oudnederduits

Oudnederduits (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudnederduitse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudnederduits (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudnederduitse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudnederduitse (definite positive)
Oudnederduits (partitive positive)


Oudoostnoords

Oudoostnoords (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudoostnoordse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudoostnoords (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudoostnoordse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudoostnoordse (definite positive)
Oudoostnoords (partitive positive)


Oudfries

Oudfries (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudfriese (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudfries (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudfriese (indefinite plural positive)
Oudfriese (definite positive)
Oudfries (partitive positive)


Oerslavisch

Oerslavisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Oerslavische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oerslavisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oerslavische (indefinite plural positive)
Oerslavische (definite positive)
Oerslavisch (partitive positive)


Oudiers

Oudiers (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudierse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudiers (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudierse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudierse (definite positive)
Oudiers (partitive positive)


Proto-Germaans

Proto-Germaans (adverbial positive predicative)
Proto-Germaanse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Proto-Germaans (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Proto-Germaanse (indefinite plural positive)
Proto-Germaanse (definite positive)
Proto-Germaans (partitive positive)


Middelsaksisch

Middelsaksisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Middelsaksische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Middelsaksisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Middelsaksische (indefinite plural positive)
Middelsaksische (definite positive)
Middelsaksisch (partitive positive)


Middeliers

Middeliers (adverbial positive predicative)
Middelierse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Middeliers (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Middelierse (indefinite plural positive)
Middelierse (definite positive)
Middeliers (partitive positive)


Oudfrans

Oudfrans (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudfranse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudfrans (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudfranse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudfranse (definite positive)
Oudfrans (partitive positive)


Vroegnieuwnederlands

Vroegnieuwnederlands (adverbial positive predicative)
Vroegnieuwnederlandse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Vroegnieuwnederlands (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Vroegnieuwnederlandse (indefinite plural positive)
Vroegnieuwnederlandse (definite positive)
Vroegnieuwnederlands (partitive positive)


Oudnoords

Oudnoords (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudnoordse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudnoords (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudnoordse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudnoordse (definite positive)
Oudnoords (partitive positive)


Oudoostslavisch

Oudoostslavisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudoostslavische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudoostslavisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudoostslavische (indefinite plural positive)
Oudoostslavische (definite positive)
Oudoostslavisch (partitive positive)


Oeroeralisch

Oeroeralisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Oeroeralische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oeroeralisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oeroeralische (indefinite plural positive)
Oeroeralische (definite positive)
Oeroeralisch (partitive positive)


Oerkeltisch

Oerkeltisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Oerkeltische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oerkeltisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oerkeltische (indefinite plural positive)
Oerkeltische (definite positive)
Oerkeltisch (partitive positive)


Proto-Indo-Europees

Proto-Indo-Europees (adverbial positive predicative)
Proto-Indo-Europeese (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Proto-Indo-Europees (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Proto-Indo-Europeese (indefinite plural positive)
Proto-Indo-Europeese (definite positive)
Proto-Indo-Europees (partitive positive)


Middelnederduits

Middelnederduits (adverbial positive predicative)
Middelnederduitse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Middelnederduits (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Middelnederduitse (indefinite plural positive)
Middelnederduitse (definite positive)
Middelnederduits (partitive positive)


Oergermaans

From oer- + Germaans, calque of German urgermanisch, Urgermanisch.


Middelfrans

Middelfrans (adverbial positive predicative)
Middelfranse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Middelfrans (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Middelfranse (indefinite plural positive)
Middelfranse (definite positive)
Middelfrans (partitive positive)


Oudwestnoords

Oudwestnoords (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudwestnoordse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudwestnoords (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudwestnoordse (indefinite plural positive)
Oudwestnoordse (definite positive)
Oudwestnoords (partitive positive)


acádio

(uncountable) Akkadian (language of the Akkadians)


Atakapa

Borrowing from Choctaw hatak apa (literally “man eater”).


gaulês

pt-noun

gaulês m (plural gauleses, feminine gaulesa, feminine plural gaulesas)

gauleses (plural)
gaulesa (feminine)
gaulesas (feminine plural)

[ɡaʊ̯ˈle(ɪ̯)ʃ]

(uncountable) Gaulish (extinct Celtic language spoken in Gaul)


guanche

es-noun

guanche m or f by sense (plural guanches)

From Guanche guanchinet, from guan (“person”) + Chinet (“Tenerife”), referring originally to Tenerife island inhabitants.

Guanche (ancient inhabitant of the Canary Islands)


lício

(uncountable) Lycian (Anatolian language spoken in ancient Lycia)


Oudrussisch

Oudrussisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Oudrussischer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Oudrussischt (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Oudrussischte (adverbial predicative superlative)
Oudrussische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oudrussischere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Oudrussischte (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Oudrussisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oudrussischer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Oudrussischte (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Oudrussische (indefinite plural positive)
Oudrussischere (comparative indefinite plural)
Oudrussischte (indefinite plural superlative)
Oudrussische (definite positive)
Oudrussischere (comparative definite)
Oudrussischte (definite superlative)
Oudrussisch (partitive positive)
Oudrussischers (comparative partitive)


Mattole

A group of Native Americans in California, whose traditional lands were along the Mattole and Bear Rivers near Cape Mendocino in Humboldt County.


anglonormando

es-adj

anglonormando (feminine anglonormanda, masculine plural anglonormandos, feminine plural anglonormandas)

anglonormanda (feminine)
anglonormandos (masculine plural)
anglonormandas (feminine plural)


anglonormando

Anglo-Norman (norman who settled in England)


Isaurian

An extinct language spoken in the area of Isaura, Asia Minor.


Unami

A Native American people, one of the three main divisions of the Lenape Nation.


Raetic

An extinct language once spoken in Rhaetia


náhuatl clássico

Classical Nahuatl (Nahuatl as spoken at the time of the Spanish conquest)


Tonkawa

From Wichita tonkaweya (“those who stay together”), compare Tonkawa Tickanwa•tic (“(a) genuine people”).

cog

The extinct language once spoken by these people.

A city in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States.


chagatai

Chagatai (extinct Turkic language formerly spoken in Central Asia)


holandês antigo

Old Dutch (Franconian language spoken in the Low Countries during the Early Middle Ages)


holandês médio

Middle Dutch (Franconian language spoken in the Low Countries during the Late Middle Ages)


Pericú

(historical) A people who lived in the Cape Region in the southernmost portion of Baja California Sur until the 18th century.


armórico

(uncountable) Armoric (language of the Armorican Gauls)


aruaque

From Kari'na aruac, from the name in Lokono.

Arawak (the language of the Arawak people)


Maidu

Borrowing from Northeast Maidu maidüm (“man”).


féničtina

féničtina (nominative singular)
féničtiny (genitive singular)
féničtině (dative singular)
féničtinu (accusative singular)
féničtino (singular vocative)
féničtině (locative singular)
féničtinou (instrumental singular)

[ˈfɛːɲɪt͡ʃcɪna]

Phoenician (Semitic language spoken by the inhabitants of Phoenicia, a group of ancient city states situated on the coast of present day Syria and Lebanon)


gótština

gótština (nominative singular)
gótštiny (nominative plural)
gótštiny (genitive singular)
gótštin (genitive plural)
gótštině (dative singular)
gótštinám (dative plural)
gótštinu (accusative singular)
gótštiny (accusative plural)
gótštino (singular vocative)
gótštiny (plural vocative)
gótštině (locative singular)
gótštinách (locative plural)
gótštinou (instrumental singular)
gótštinami (instrumental plural)


chetitština

chetitština (nominative singular)
chetitštiny (genitive singular)
chetitštině (dative singular)
chetitštinu (accusative singular)
chetitštino (singular vocative)
chetitštině (locative singular)
chetitštinou (instrumental singular)

From chetitský (“Hittite”, adjective) + -ština.


etruština

etruština (nominative singular)
etruštiny (nominative plural)
etruštiny (genitive singular)
etruštin (genitive plural)
etruštině (dative singular)
etruštinám (dative plural)
etruštinu (accusative singular)
etruštiny (accusative plural)
etruštino (singular vocative)
etruštiny (plural vocative)
etruštině (locative singular)
etruštinách (locative plural)
etruštinou (instrumental singular)
etruštinami (instrumental plural)


lykijština

lykijština (nominative singular)
lykijštiny (genitive singular)
lykijštině (dative singular)
lykijštinu (accusative singular)
lykijštino (singular vocative)
lykijštině (locative singular)
lykijštinou (instrumental singular)


ugaritština

ugaritština (nominative singular)
ugaritštiny (genitive singular)
ugaritštině (dative singular)
ugaritštinu (accusative singular)
ugaritštino (singular vocative)
ugaritštině (locative singular)
ugaritštinou (instrumental singular)


babylónština

babylónština (nominative singular)
babylónštiny (genitive singular)
babylónštině (dative singular)
babylónštinu (accusative singular)
babylónštino (singular vocative)
babylónštině (locative singular)
babylónštinou (instrumental singular)

From babylónský (“Babylonian”) + -ština.


antigo eslavo eclesiástico

pt-noun

antigo eslavo eclesiástico m (uncountable)

Old Church Slavonic (the first literary and liturgical Slavic language)


latín eclesiástico

Ecclesiastical Latin
Ecclesiastical Latin


mozárabe

es-adj

mozárabe m or f (masculine and feminine plural mozárabes)

Borrowed from Arabic مستعرب (mustaʕrib, “Arabized”).


mozárabe

es-noun

mozárabe m or f by sense (plural mozárabes)


Ngawun

An extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in Queensland.


Oersemitisch

Oersemitisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Oersemitische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Oersemitisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Oersemitische (indefinite plural positive)
Oersemitische (definite positive)
Oersemitisch (partitive positive)


Proto-Semitisch

Proto-Semitisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Proto-Semitische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Proto-Semitisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Proto-Semitische (indefinite plural positive)
Proto-Semitische (definite positive)
Proto-Semitisch (partitive positive)


Krim-Gotisch

From Krim (“Crimea”) + Gotisch (“Gothic”).


ダルマチア語

ダルマチア語 (canonical)
Darumachia-go (romanization)

ダルマチア (Darumachia, “Dalmatia”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


西夏語

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ haː²² jyː¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ haː²² jyː¹³/


Ancient Egyptian

the Afroasiatic language spoken and written in Ancient Egypt


Cupeño

The American Indian people of Southern California who formerly lived at what is now Warner Springs, California.


Minkin

An extinct Minkinan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language of northern Australia, once spoken in the area around Burketown, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria.


Nal Bino

constructed language
constructed language

A constructed language created by Sebestian Verheggen in 1886, related to Volapük.


Sicel

Italus Sicels Siculian Siculus Thucydides

From Latin Siculi, from Ancient Greek Σικελός (Sikelós). See also Sicily.
Greek historians including Thucydides suggested Siculus, a legendary king and son of Italus, as the progenitor of the Sicels.

2010, Philip Baldi, The Foundations of Latin, Walter de Gruyter (Mouton de Gruyter) page 116,
Their language, Sicel or Siculan, is considered by most scholars to be an independent IE language whose deeper connections with Italic are poorly demonstrated.

In Sicily were spoken at least two languages during the first millennium BC that are widely thought to have been Indo-European. The first, Sicel (or Siculian), was spoken by the Siculians in eastern Sicily.

2010, Benjamin W. Fortson, IV, Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, page 469:

Although the contribution of the Sicel language to coin inscriptions is not great, there is another case where Sicel is often invoked, and which unusually is not a proper name.

2012, Oliver Simkin, “Coins and language in ancient Sicily”, in Olga Tribulato, editor, Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily, Cambridge University Press, page 170:

(linguistics) The unclassified, sparsely attested language of the Sicels.


Ngkoth

An extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia.


Angelsassisch

From Angel + Sassisch, perhaps a calque.


Tunica

West Feliciana Parish
West Feliciana Parish#English

An unincorporated community in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States.

A town, the county seat of Tunica County, Mississippi, United States.


Tunica

An extinct group of linguistically and culturally related Native American tribes in the Mississippi River Valley.


Skirian

The hypothetical East Germanic language once spoken by the Scirii.


Taivoan

a Formosan language spoken until the end of the 19th century by the indigenous Taivoan people of Taiwan


Lusitanic

(historical) An extinct language spoken by the Jews of Portugal.


Gepidic

The hypothetical East Germanic language once spoken by the Gepids.


Cumbric

From Cumbria + -ic under influence from Welsh Cymraeg (“Welsh (language)”). Doublet of Cymric.

A Brythonic-Celtic language (code xcb) closely related to Welsh that was spoken in Northern England and Southern Scotland but went extinct in perhaps the 13th century.


Göktürkçe

Göktürkçe (nominative singular)
Göktürkçeyi (accusative definite singular)
Göktürkçeye (dative singular)
Göktürkçede (locative singular)
Göktürkçeden (ablative singular)
Göktürkçenin (genitive singular)

Göktürk (“Celestial Turk”) + -çe (derivative suffix)

affix

Old Turkic language; the language of Göktürks.


þrakverska

is-noun

þrakverska f (genitive singular þrakversku, no plural)

þrakversku (genitive singular)
þrakverska (indefinite nominative singular)
þrakverskan (definite nominative singular)
þrakversku (accusative indefinite singular)
þrakverskuna (accusative definite singular)
þrakversku (dative indefinite singular)
þrakverskunni (dative definite singular)
þrakversku (genitive indefinite singular)
þrakverskunnar (definite genitive singular)


Middle Ottoman

A register of the Ottoman Turkish language typical to the time from 1501–1800 and later a chosen register, particularly seen as exclusive to an educated elite, as marked by complex syntax (lacking punctuation) and largely Persianized and Arabicized vocabulary and sentence structure.

klassinen osmaninturkki

the Turkish language in the middle period of the Ottoman Empire, of many lexical and syntactic borrowings


Oudpruisisch

Old Prussian (extinct Western Baltic language)


Minaean

Probably with a random vocalization, omitting the voiced pharyngeal fricative in the middle, from occurrence in Old South Arabian inscriptions (endonym 𐩣𐩲𐩬 (mʿn)), + -ean.

Epigraphic South Arabian
Epigraphic South Arabian

An extinct Semitic language of the Epigraphic South Arabian ones spoken in Arabia.


Reichsaramäisch

de-proper noun

Reichsaramäisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Reichsaramäisch or Reichsaramäischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Reichsaramäische, alternative genitive Reichsaramäischen, no plural)

Reichsaramäisch (genitive)
Reichsaramäischs (genitive)
Reichsaramäische (alternative nominative)
Reichsaramäischen (alternative genitive)
Reichsaramäisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Reichsaramäische (definite nominative singular)
Reichsaramäisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Reichsaramäischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Reichsaramäischen (definite genitive singular)
Reichsaramäisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Reichsaramäischen (dative definite singular)
Reichsaramäisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Reichsaramäische (accusative definite singular)

/ˈraɪ̯çsaraˌmɛːɪʃ/


Reichstürkisch

Reichstürkisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Reichstürkisch or Reichstürkischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Reichstürkische, alternative genitive Reichstürkischen, no plural)

Reichstürkisch (genitive)
Reichstürkischs (genitive)
Reichstürkische (alternative nominative)
Reichstürkischen (alternative genitive)
Reichstürkisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Reichstürkische (definite nominative singular)
Reichstürkisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Reichstürkischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Reichstürkischen (definite genitive singular)
Reichstürkisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Reichstürkischen (dative definite singular)
Reichstürkisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Reichstürkische (accusative definite singular)

/ˈraɪ̯çs̩ˌtʏɐ̯kɪʃ/

Reich + Türkisch. Coined in the 1930s, i. e. within a decade after the Turkish alphabet reform.


Rumtürkisch

Rumtürkisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Rumtürkisch or Rumtürkischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Rumtürkische, alternative genitive Rumtürkischen, no plural)

Rumtürkisch (genitive)
Rumtürkischs (genitive)
Rumtürkische (alternative nominative)
Rumtürkischen (alternative genitive)
Rumtürkisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Rumtürkische (definite nominative singular)
Rumtürkisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Rumtürkischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Rumtürkischen (definite genitive singular)
Rumtürkisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Rumtürkischen (dative definite singular)
Rumtürkisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Rumtürkische (accusative definite singular)

[ˈruːmˌtʏɐ̯kɪʃ]

[ˈʁuːmˌtʏʁkɪʃ]

[ˈʁuːmˌtʏɐ̯kɪʃ]

Coined by Austrian orientalist Paul Wittek in 1939, calque of Ottoman Turkish لسان ترك رومی (lisan-ı Türk-i Rumi, literally “language of the Byzantine Turks”).

clq

لسان ترك رومی


Warrgamay

An extinct Pama-Nyungan language once spoken in northeast Queensland


Hadramitic

An extinct Old South Arabian language once spoken in Hadhramaut


Clackamas

from ɬak'amas, the Chinookan name for the people of the Clackamas River region, "g-i-ɬá-q'imaš" or "g-it-ɬá-q'imaš"

An extinct Chinookan language spoken by the Clackamas.


taïno

Borrowed from Taíno taino (“lord, noble, foremost”).


proto-sino-tibetano

pt-noun

proto-sino-tibetano m (plural proto-sino-tibetanos)

proto-sino-tibetano m . (canonical)
proto-sino-tibetanos (plural)

Proto-Sino-Tibetan (ancestor language of Chinese and other Asian languages)


proto-sino-tibetano

pt-adj

proto-sino-tibetano (feminine proto-sino-tibetana, masculine plural proto-sino-tibetanos, feminine plural proto-sino-tibetanas, not comparable)

proto-sino-tibetana (feminine)
proto-sino-tibetanos (masculine plural)
proto-sino-tibetanas (feminine plural)

Proto-Sino-Tibetan (relating to the Proto-Sino-Tibetan language)


Marsian

Caso Cantovios and allies. Bronze plate found in the Fucine Lake. Dialect-Latin or mixed Marsian and Latin.

1940, E. H. Warmington, Remains of Old Latin, published 1959, page 59:

Though much of what remains of Marsian is of doubtful status and meaning, the following inscription (plate 3), from Antinum, is relatively unambiguous.

1999, Philip Baldi, The Foundations of Latin (Trends in Linguistics; Studies and Monographs 117), Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 128:

There is little evidence for Marsian, the language of the Marsi, a people who occupied the area south of the Fucine Lake. Marsian is mainly attested in a few short inscriptions from the third and second centuries bc: VM 3–7.

2004, Jane Stuart-Smith, Phonetics and Philology: Sound Change in Italic, Oxford University Press, page 125:

The extinct (since ca. 150 BC) Osco-Umbrian language of the Marsi, native to Marruvium.


馬薩諸塞語

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄓㄨ ㄙㄞˋ ㄩˇ

масачжусайюй

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


克里米亞哥特語

kèlǐmǐyà gētèyǔ

kèlǐmǐyǎ gētèyǔ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄜ ㄊㄜˋ ㄩˇ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄜ ㄊㄜˋ ㄩˇ

кэлимия гэтэюй

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Crimean Gothic (East Germanic dialect spoken in some isolated locations in Crimea until the late eighteenth century)


驃語

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


Krimgotisch

Krimgotisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Krimgotische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Krimgotisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Krimgotische (indefinite plural positive)
Krimgotische (definite positive)
Krimgotisch (partitive positive)


普魯士語

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄕˋ ㄩˇ

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


Mator

A Uralic Samoyedic language, extinct since the 1840s, formerly spoken in the northern region of the Sayan Mountains in Siberia, close to the Mongolian north border.


pruština

pruština (nominative singular)
pruštiny (nominative plural)
pruštiny (genitive singular)
pruštin (genitive plural)
pruštině (dative singular)
pruštinám (dative plural)
pruštinu (accusative singular)
pruštiny (accusative plural)
pruštino (singular vocative)
pruštiny (plural vocative)
pruštině (locative singular)
pruštinách (locative plural)
pruštinou (instrumental singular)
pruštinami (instrumental plural)


livonština

livonština (nominative singular)
livonštiny (genitive singular)
livonštině (dative singular)
livonštinu (accusative singular)
livonštino (singular vocative)
livonštině (locative singular)
livonštinou (instrumental singular)


umberština

umberština (nominative singular)
umberštiny (genitive singular)
umberštině (dative singular)
umberštinu (accusative singular)
umberštino (singular vocative)
umberštině (locative singular)
umberštinou (instrumental singular)


Hatran

The extinct dialect of Middle Aramaic spoken in Hatra and Assur from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century CE..


protoindo-europeu

Indo-European studies
Indo-European studies

(Indo-European studies) Proto-Indo-European (ancestor language of most European and Indian languages)


protoindo-europeu

pt-noun

protoindo-europeu m (plural protoindo-europeus, feminine protoindo-europeia, feminine plural protoindo-europeias)

protoindo-europeus (plural)
protoindo-europeia (feminine)
protoindo-europeias (feminine plural)

Proto-Indo-European (a person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language)


protoindo-europeu

pt-adj

protoindo-europeu (feminine protoindo-europeia, masculine plural protoindo-europeus, feminine plural protoindo-europeias, not comparable)

protoindo-europeia (feminine)
protoindo-europeus (masculine plural)
protoindo-europeias (feminine plural)

Proto-Indo-European (relating to the Proto-Indo-European language)

Proto-Indo-European (relating to the people who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language)


punština

punština (nominative singular)
punštiny (genitive singular)
punštině (dative singular)
punštinu (accusative singular)
punštino (singular vocative)
punštině (locative singular)
punštinou (instrumental singular)

Punic (Semitic language spoken by the inhabitants of ancient Carthage)


asyrština

asyrština (nominative singular)
asyrštiny (genitive singular)
asyrštině (dative singular)
asyrštinu (accusative singular)
asyrštino (singular vocative)
asyrštině (locative singular)
asyrštinou (instrumental singular)

Assyrian (a dialect of Akkadian spoken in ancient Assyria)


pomořanština

pomořanština (nominative singular)
pomořanštiny (genitive singular)
pomořanštině (dative singular)
pomořanštinu (accusative singular)
pomořanštino (singular vocative)
pomořanštině (locative singular)
pomořanštinou (instrumental singular)

From pomořanský (“Pomeranian”) + -ština.


galština

galština (nominative singular)
galštiny (nominative plural)
galštiny (genitive singular)
galštin (genitive plural)
galštině (dative singular)
galštinám (dative plural)
galštinu (accusative singular)
galštiny (accusative plural)
galštino (singular vocative)
galštiny (plural vocative)
galštině (locative singular)
galštinách (locative plural)
galštinou (instrumental singular)
galštinami (instrumental plural)

Galština je keltský jazyk.


vandalština

vandalština (nominative singular)
vandalštiny (nominative plural)
vandalštiny (genitive singular)
vandalštin (genitive plural)
vandalštině (dative singular)
vandalštinám (dative plural)
vandalštinu (accusative singular)
vandalštiny (accusative plural)
vandalštino (singular vocative)
vandalštiny (plural vocative)
vandalštině (locative singular)
vandalštinách (locative plural)
vandalštinou (instrumental singular)
vandalštinami (instrumental plural)


Old Portuguese

Old Galician-Portuguese
Old Galician-Portuguese#English


Classical Persian

A chronolect of the New Persian language beginning from Islamization and Arabization around 650 CE or 850 CE if Early New Persian is not included till at least the 16th century and likely early 19th century including 15th—19th century post-classical Persian.

klassinen persia

the Persian literate chronolect between Middle and Contemporary Persian


médština

médština (nominative singular)
médštiny (nominative plural)
médštiny (genitive singular)
médštin (genitive plural)
médštině (dative singular)
médštinám (dative plural)
médštinu (accusative singular)
médštiny (accusative plural)
médštino (singular vocative)
médštiny (plural vocative)
médštině (locative singular)
médštinách (locative plural)
médštinou (instrumental singular)
médštinami (instrumental plural)

Median (Old Iranian language of the Medes)


Palestinian Syriac

Christian Palestinian Aramaic
Christian Palestinian Aramaic#English

Synonym of Christian Palestinian Aramaic


Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

The Eastern Aramaic language as written by the Jews of Mesopotamia in Late Antiquity and Early and High Middle Ages.


Christian Palestinian Aramaic

The Middle Aramaic language as written by the Melkite communities vaguely localized to Palestine as the language’s Western expanse.


Jewish Palestinian Aramaic

Jewish Literary Aramaic
Jewish Literary Aramaic#English

The Middle Aramaic language as written by the Hebrew communities vaguely localized to Palestine as the language’s Western expanse and later the basis of Jewish Literary Aramaic.


frýžština

frýžština (nominative singular)
frýžštiny (nominative plural)
frýžštiny (genitive singular)
frýžštin (genitive plural)
frýžštině (dative singular)
frýžštinám (dative plural)
frýžštinu (accusative singular)
frýžštiny (accusative plural)
frýžštino (singular vocative)
frýžštiny (plural vocative)
frýžštině (locative singular)
frýžštinách (locative plural)
frýžštinou (instrumental singular)
frýžštinami (instrumental plural)


cacaopera

Cacaopera (an extinct Musumalpan language)


ligurština

ligurština (nominative singular)
ligurštiny (nominative plural)
ligurštiny (genitive singular)
ligurštin (genitive plural)
ligurštině (dative singular)
ligurštinám (dative plural)
ligurštinu (accusative singular)
ligurštiny (accusative plural)
ligurštino (singular vocative)
ligurštiny (plural vocative)
ligurštině (locative singular)
ligurštinách (locative plural)
ligurštinou (instrumental singular)
ligurštinami (instrumental plural)