Genoese

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/

America. One of the four parts of the world, ſo called from Americus Veſpuſius a Florentine, who with Columbus a Genoeſe, firſt diſcover'd this Country about the yeer 1492 which is moſt aptly called the New world; ….

1656, T. B. of the Inner-Temple, Glossographia: or a Dictionary, Interpreting all such Hard Words, …, London, s.v. America (https://books.google.com/books?id=QctmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP45)

However, John not liking a Partner in the Empire, left Conſtantinople, and retir'd to Tenedos, where he engag'd Francis Cataluze a Genoeſe to aſſiſt him, and with the Fleet under his Command, return'd to the Imperal City, compell'd Contacuzenus to quit the Empire; …

1708, The General History of the World, being an Abridgment of Sir Walter Raleigh. With a Continuation from the Best Historians to the Present Times. Vol. III, London, p. 249 (https://books.google.com/books?id=UXE9AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA249)

For at preſent the Greateſt, among the Genoeſe, are in part ſubjects to the monarchy of Spain …. The Spaniards tax them very high upon occaſion, and are ſo ſenſible of the advantage this gives them over the republick, that they will not ſuffer a Neapolitan to buy the lands of a Genoeſe, who muſt find a purchaſer among his own countrymen, if he has a mind to ſell.

1741, The Works of the Late Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; – Volume the Second. – The Third Edition: With a Compleat Index, London, p. 6 (https://books.google.com/books?id=c5ZNAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6)


Genoese

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/


Genoese

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/


American English

/əˈmɛɹɪkən ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

Compound of American + English. First use appears c. 1806, in a dictionary by Noah Webster; as an adjective, c. 1892.

The form of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States, contrasted with British English or Canadian English and that of other places.

Commonwealth English
Commonwealth English

The form of the English language that is chiefly used in North America, contrasted with Commonwealth English (British English and that of other places).


American English

en-adj

American English (comparative more American English, superlative most American English)

more American English (comparative)
most American English (superlative)

/əˈmɛɹɪkən ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

Of or relating to, or spoken or written in American English.


Boeotian

(historical) A dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in Boeotia.

Böotisch

a dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in Boeotia


alsacien

fr-adj

alsacien (feminine alsacienne, masculine plural alsaciens, feminine plural alsaciennes)

alsacienne (feminine)
alsaciens (masculine plural)
alsaciennes (feminine plural)


alsacien

Alsatian; dialect of German spoken in what is today France


flamenco

es-adj

flamenco (feminine flamenca, masculine plural flamencos, feminine plural flamencas)

flamenca (feminine)
flamencos (masculine plural)
flamencas (feminine plural)


flamenco

es-noun

flamenco m (plural flamencos, feminine flamenca, feminine plural flamencas)

flamencos (plural)
flamenca (feminine)
flamencas (feminine plural)


flamenco

Flemish (the standard variety of Dutch used in Belgium)

Flemish (a group of Dutch dialects spoken in Belgium)


Anglo-Norman

en-adj

Anglo-Norman (comparative more Anglo-Norman, superlative most Anglo-Norman)

more Anglo-Norman (comparative)
most Anglo-Norman (superlative)

Pertaining to Normans in England after the Norman Conquest.

anglonormand

pertaining to Normans in England after the Norman Conquest


Anglo-Norman

A Norman who settled in England after the Norman Conquest, or a descendant of one.


Anglo-Norman

The Old French dialect spoken in England by the ruling classes after the Norman Conquest, or the form of this dialect used in English law until the 17th century.


Liverpudlian

From Liverpool and puddle, as a pun on a puddle being a small pool.

(soccer) someone connected with Liverpool Football Club, as a fan, player, coach etc.


Cockney rhyming slang

A cant used by Cockneys in which a word or phrase is replaced by a rhyming word or phrase, this word or phrase then often being abbreviated to its first syllable or syllables, or its first word. The word chosen as the rhyme often shares attributes of the word that it replaces.


Engrish

From the mispronunciation of the word English common to Japanese speakers, who have difficulty distinguishing "L" and "R" sounds. The Japanese transliteration of the word "English", イングリッシュ (Ingurisshu) is often used for teaching purposes. In that word, /ɾ/ (romanised as "r") is pronounced instead of the English /l/.

'Why you not teach Engrish more? I must aspeak^([sic]) Engrish.' The Chelsea's resident mad painter was angry at the way Jeremy had been ignoring him.

2003, Bruce L. Russell, Channelling Henry, page 129:

(sometimes derogatory) Ungrammatical, unorthographical or nonsensical English, especially that which is found in East Asia, notably in Japan.


Spanglish

Dunglish

mixture of English and Dutch in the Netherlands

Llanito

mixture of English and Spanish in Gibraltar

The Nobel laureate Octavio Paz is said to have had it that Spanglish is “neither good, nor bad, but abominable.”

2021 November 23, John McWhorter, “America Has More Than One Spanglish”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A language blend of English and Spanish spoken by both Latinas, Latinos, and Anglo-Americans.


Yorkshire

/ˈjɔː(ɹ)kʃɪə(ɹ)/

From Middle English Yorkshire; equivalent to York (“English city”) + shire. Displaced native cognate Middle English Everwich schire, from Old English Eoforwīcsċīr.

A British English dialect as spoken (and possibly written) in the county of Yorkshire.

Yorkshire and the Humber

one of the nine official regions of England


Australian English

Prior to the 1980s, Australian English had been widely deprecated by Australians themselves, principally as a result of a sense of inferiority known as "cultural cringe".

2012, James Lambert, “Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, in World Englishes, page 295:

The form of the English language used in Australia.


Boontling

A jargon spoken only in Boonville, California.


Cockney

First attested in Samuel Rowland's 1600 The Letting of Humours Blood in the Head-Vaine as "a Bowe-bell Cockney", from Middle English cokenay (“a spoiled child; a milksop, an effeminate man”), used in the 16th c. by English country folk as a term of disparagement for city dwellers, of uncertain etymology. Possibly from Middle English cokeney (“a small, misshapen egg”), from coken (“cocks'”) + ey (“egg”) or from Cockney and Cocknay, variants of Cockaigne, a mythical land of luxury (first attested in 1305) eventually used as a humorous epithet of London. Compare cocker (“to spoil a child”).

der

(UK) From the East End of London, or London generally.


Commonwealth English

North American English

antonym(s) of “variety of English used in the UK and former colonies, excluding North America”

There are also other reasons to account for differences between British English on the one hand and American and Commonwealth English on the other.

17: The three major forms of Modern English—British, American, and Commonwealth—are very nearly identical on the printed page, a great source of the linguistic unity and cultural solidarity of the Anglo-Saxon civilization.
25: Commonwealth English is very young in the prestige of its independent status.

1966, John A. Nist, A Structural History of English, New York: St. Martin's Press.:

164: For instance, the terms “United Kingdom spellings,” “English spellings,” and “Commonwealth spellings” are not synonymous, and many of the so-called American spellings will frequently be found as alternate choices in other countries.
169–70: Across the world, many former U.K. colonies use English as a major language, and their standard resembles the British standard more than the American. The term “Commonwealth English” is a general term used to refer to this variety of English, which in theory differs little from “British English” as used in Great Britain. ¶ Australia is the best-known example, but even in nations where English is not the official or most widely used language, Commonwealth English is extremely important in commerce and government—as is the case in Nigeria, Pakistan, and India, which is the second-most-populated country in the world.

2006, Larry Beason, Eyes Before Ease: The Unsolved Mysteries and Secret Histories of Spelling:

Commonwealth of Nations
Commonwealth of Nations

(rare) The group of varieties of English used in the ex-colonial member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, in distinction to the varieties used in Britain itself


British English

We shall not say that this is British English; but we willingly confess that it is not American English.

1861, “The Shakespeare Mystery”, in The Atlantic Monthly, v 8, n 47, Boston: Ticknor and Fields, p 258 (note)

Some noticeable and general differences between American and British English may be explained by the fact, that considerable bodies of Englishmen sometimes emigrated from the same vicinity, and that in their new home they and their multiplied descendants have kept together and continued to employ dialect peculiarities of their native speech, or retained words of general usage which elsewhere perished.

1863, George Perkins Marsh, “The English Language in America”, in Lectures on the English Language, 4th edition, New York: Charles Scribner, page 667:

Now, according to my observation, no man whom the Dean of Canterbury, or the Public Orator of Cambridge, would accept as a speaker of pure English, says, with thick utterance, “a gloss of ayull;” and yet thousands of their countrymen do speak thus, and this peculiarity of British English passes very gradually away as social and mental culture increase, until among the best-bred and best-educated people it vanishes, and is heard no more than it or a nasal twang is heard among similar people here.

1867, Richard Grant White, “Words and their Uses: British English and American English”, in The Galaxy, volume 4, New York, page 102:

The English language as written and spoken in the United Kingdom (in contrast with other places, particularly other countries where English is predominant or at least an important language)

اَلْإِنْجِلِيزِيَّة اَلْبِرِيطَانِيَّة

English language as in Britain, especially in England


caló

an argot that has been salted with Caló vocabulary


Tyke

Perhaps a derogatory nickname from Old Norse tík, 'bitch, female dog' (compare English tyke, Icelandic tík). Less likely to be from Old Norse þýzkr, 'of one's nation' or an Old English cognate (compare German deutsch, Swedish tysk).

(UK, informal) a Yorkshireman or Yorkshirewoman; a Yorkshire person


Tuscan

en-noun

Tuscan (countable and uncountable, plural Tuscans)

From Middle English Tuscan, from Late Latin Tuscānus (“belonging to the Tusci”), a people of ancient Italy, from Tuscus, earlier *Truscus, shortened form of Etruscus (“Etruscan”).

der

A local variety of Italian spoken in Tuscany, on which Standard Italian is largely based.


Estuary English

received pronunciation
received pronunciation

(British) A variety of English accent, spreading out from London into the area of the Thames estuary, containing features of received pronunciation, Cockney and other regional accents.

Estuaryn murre (no established translation)


говор

ru-noun+

го́вор • (góvor) m inan (genitive го́вора, nominative plural го́воры, genitive plural го́воров)

го́вор (canonical)
góvor (romanization)
го́вора (genitive)
го́воры (nominative plural)
го́воров (genitive plural)
го́вор (nominative singular)
го́воры (nominative plural)
го́вора (genitive singular)
го́воров (genitive plural)
го́вору (dative singular)
го́ворам (dative plural)
го́вор (accusative singular)
го́воры (accusative plural)
го́вором (instrumental singular)
го́ворами (instrumental plural)
го́воре (prepositional singular)
го́ворах (plural prepositional)


BBC English

(British) A form of received pronunciation formerly used in British broadcasting.


Brazilian Portuguese

The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Brazil, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.


Japanglish

English words that have been co-opted into Japanese vernacular, often incorrectly.


bavarois

fr-adj

bavarois (feminine bavaroise, masculine plural bavarois, feminine plural bavaroises)

bavaroise (feminine)
bavarois (masculine plural)
bavaroises (feminine plural)


Arcadic

Holonym: Arcado-Cypriot


Korean English

A dialect of the English language that is chiefly spoken in the Republic of Korea. Compare British English, American English.


Konglish

He stands back and witnesses with awe the language’s myriad offshoots, like Manglish (Malay and English) and Konglish (English in South Korea).

2010 May 25, Dwight Garner, “English as a Juggernaut Conquers the World With Glee and an OMG”, in New York Times:

(derogatory) Any of various varieties of Korean English having distinctive lexis, syntax and phonology.


Scottish English

A variety of the English language that is spoken mostly in Scotland.


Kölsch

de-proper noun

Kölsch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Kölsch or Kölschs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Kölsche, alternative genitive Kölschen, no plural)

or Kölschs (Kölsch genitive)
Kölsche (alternative nominative)
Kölschen (alternative genitive)

Holonym: Ripuarisch


Kölsch

de-noun

Kölsch n (strong, genitive Kölsch or Kölschs, no plural)

or Kölschs (Kölsch genitive)
Kölsch (nominative singular)
Kölsch (genitive singular)
Kölschs (genitive singular)
Kölsch (dative singular)
Kölsch (accusative singular)


Kölsch

Nominalization of kölsch (“of Cologne”).


штокавски

што́кавскӣ (canonical)
štókavskī (romanization)
штокавски (masculine nominative singular)
штокавска (feminine nominative singular)
штокавско (neuter nominative singular)
штокавског (genitive masculine singular)
штокавскога (genitive masculine singular)
штокавске (feminine genitive singular)
штокавског (genitive neuter singular)
штокавскога (genitive neuter singular)
штокавскому (dative masculine singular)
штокавскоме (dative masculine singular)
штокавској (dative feminine singular)
штокавскому (dative neuter singular)
штокавскоме (dative neuter singular)
штокавски (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
штокавску (accusative feminine singular)
штокавско (accusative neuter singular)
штокавског (accusative animate masculine singular)
штокавскога (accusative animate masculine singular)
штокавски (masculine singular vocative)
штокавска (feminine singular vocative)
штокавско (neuter singular vocative)
штокавскоме (locative masculine singular)
штокавскому (locative masculine singular)
штокавској (feminine locative singular)
штокавскоме (locative neuter singular)
штокавскому (locative neuter singular)
штокавским (instrumental masculine singular)
штокавском (feminine instrumental singular)
штокавским (instrumental neuter singular)
штокавски (masculine nominative plural)
штокавске (feminine nominative plural)
штокавска (neuter nominative plural)
штокавских (genitive masculine plural)
штокавских (feminine genitive plural)
штокавских (genitive neuter plural)
штокавским (dative masculine plural)
штокавскима (dative masculine plural)
штокавским (dative feminine plural)
штокавскима (dative feminine plural)
штокавским (dative neuter plural)
штокавскима (dative neuter plural)
штокавске (accusative masculine plural)
штокавске (accusative feminine plural)
штокавска (accusative neuter plural)
штокавски (masculine plural vocative)
штокавске (feminine plural vocative)
штокавска (neuter plural vocative)
штокавским (locative masculine plural)
штокавскима (locative masculine plural)
штокавским (feminine locative plural)
штокавскима (feminine locative plural)
штокавским (locative neuter plural)
штокавскима (locative neuter plural)
штокавским (instrumental masculine plural)
штокавскима (instrumental masculine plural)
штокавским (feminine instrumental plural)
штокавскима (feminine instrumental plural)
штокавским (instrumental neuter plural)
штокавскима (instrumental neuter plural)

штокавског(а)

штокавског(а)

штокавском(у/е)

штокавском(у/е)

штокавски
штокавског(а)

штокавском(е/у)

штокавском(е/у)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)

штокавским(а)


štokavski

sh-adj

štókavskī (Cyrillic spelling што́кавскӣ)

štókavskī (canonical)
што́кавскӣ (Cyrillic)
štokavski (masculine nominative singular)
štokavska (feminine nominative singular)
štokavsko (neuter nominative singular)
štokavskog (genitive masculine singular)
štokavskoga (genitive masculine singular)
štokavske (feminine genitive singular)
štokavskog (genitive neuter singular)
štokavskoga (genitive neuter singular)
štokavskomu (dative masculine singular)
štokavskome (dative masculine singular)
štokavskoj (dative feminine singular)
štokavskomu (dative neuter singular)
štokavskome (dative neuter singular)
štokavski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
štokavsku (accusative feminine singular)
štokavsko (accusative neuter singular)
štokavskog (accusative animate masculine singular)
štokavskoga (accusative animate masculine singular)
štokavski (masculine singular vocative)
štokavska (feminine singular vocative)
štokavsko (neuter singular vocative)
štokavskome (locative masculine singular)
štokavskomu (locative masculine singular)
štokavskoj (feminine locative singular)
štokavskome (locative neuter singular)
štokavskomu (locative neuter singular)
štokavskim (instrumental masculine singular)
štokavskom (feminine instrumental singular)
štokavskim (instrumental neuter singular)
štokavski (masculine nominative plural)
štokavske (feminine nominative plural)
štokavska (neuter nominative plural)
štokavskih (genitive masculine plural)
štokavskih (feminine genitive plural)
štokavskih (genitive neuter plural)
štokavskim (dative masculine plural)
štokavskima (dative masculine plural)
štokavskim (dative feminine plural)
štokavskima (dative feminine plural)
štokavskim (dative neuter plural)
štokavskima (dative neuter plural)
štokavske (accusative masculine plural)
štokavske (accusative feminine plural)
štokavska (accusative neuter plural)
štokavski (masculine plural vocative)
štokavske (feminine plural vocative)
štokavska (neuter plural vocative)
štokavskim (locative masculine plural)
štokavskima (locative masculine plural)
štokavskim (feminine locative plural)
štokavskima (feminine locative plural)
štokavskim (locative neuter plural)
štokavskima (locative neuter plural)
štokavskim (instrumental masculine plural)
štokavskima (instrumental masculine plural)
štokavskim (feminine instrumental plural)
štokavskima (feminine instrumental plural)
štokavskim (instrumental neuter plural)
štokavskima (instrumental neuter plural)


andaluz

es-adj

andaluz (feminine andaluza, masculine plural andaluces, feminine plural andaluzas)

andaluza (feminine)
andaluces (masculine plural)
andaluzas (feminine plural)


Wenglish

Other words frequently used in the Welsh language, or Wenglish - a hybrid of the languages typically spoken by some in the south Wales valleys - that are used in spoken Engish include cariad, bach and cwtch.

2010 September 1, Laura Chamberlain, BBC:

The word is said to be one of the nation's favourites and has been adopted by many in the cross-over language of Wenglish, particularly popular in the south Wales valleys.

(informal) The dialect of the English language as spoken in the South Wales valleys.


Hiberno-English

/hɪˈbɜːnəʊ ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

/haɪˈbɜːnəʊ ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

/haɪˈbɝnoʊ ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

The set of English dialects native to the island of Ireland, including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.


Geordie

A diminutive of the male given name George.


Monégasque

/ˌmɒnɪˈɡæsk/

/ˌmɑnɪˈɡæsk/

From French Monégasque, from Ligurian munegascu, from Munegu.

(uncountable) a Ligurian dialect spoken in Monaco.


cockney

cockney (English dialect of the White lower class of London)


Singlish

(Singapore, linguistics) A highly colloquial or basilectal variety of Singapore English incorporating much Hokkien and Malay lexis.


parmigiano

it-noun

parmigiano m (plural parmigiani, feminine parmigiana)

parmigiani (plural)
parmigiana (feminine)

From Parma + -igiano (“-ian”). Compare Sicilian parmisanu and parmicianu.

(now rare) native or inhabitant of Parma (male or of unspecified gender)


Northumbrian

An inhabitant of North East England; or specifically Northumberland.


Vegliot

From Veglia, the name of an island where the language was spoken.

The northern dialect of Dalmatian, spoken on the island of Veglia.


Ulster Scots

A dialect of the Scots language spoken in Ulster, Ireland.


joual

Pronunciation spelling of the joual pronunciation of cheval (“horse”) (/ʃəval/ → /ʒwal/).


Canadian English

[p 49] Not so, however, is it with the modern refinements of our Canadian English. In referring to such a feat here, it would be said, not that he dived, but that he dove.
[p 52] These and a thousand other examples which might be produced, fully justify the use of the term “Canadian English,” as expressive of a corrupt dialect growing up amongst our population, and gradually finding access to our periodical literature, until it threatens to produce a language as unlike our noble mother tongue as the negro patua, or the Chinese pidgeon English.

1857, Rev. A.C. Geikie, “Canadian English”, in Canadian Journal, v 2, n 11 (September), pp 344–55, reprinted in Elaine Gold and Janice McAlpine eds. (2010), Canadian English: A Linguistic Reader, Strathy Language Unit Occasional Paper n 6, Kingston: Queen’s University

The variety of the English language used in Canada.


provençal

From Provence + -al. Compare provincial.

Provençal; Occitan, especially the dialect of Occitan that is spoken in Provence


provençal

Provençal; Occitan (language spoken in southern France)


palermitano

palermitano m (plural palermitani, feminine palermitana)

palermitani (plural)
palermitana (feminine)

From Latin Panormitānus, with influence from Palermo.

native or inhabitant of Palermo (male or of unspecified gender)


tosk

Tosk (southern variant of the Albanian language)


croata

From Serbo-Croatian Hr̀vāt (“a Croat”), via French croate or New Latin Croata. Doublet of gravata.


croata

Croatian (the form of Serbo-Croatian spoken in Croatia)


calabrese

the Calabrian language or set of dialects


toscano

pt-adj

toscano (feminine toscana, masculine plural toscanos, feminine plural toscanas)

toscana (feminine)
toscanos (masculine plural)
toscanas (feminine plural)

Tuscan (of or relating to Tuscany, Italy)


toscano

pt-noun

toscano m (plural toscanos, feminine toscana, feminine plural toscanas)

toscanos (plural)
toscana (feminine)
toscanas (feminine plural)


toscano

Tuscan (the dialect of Italian spoken in Tuscany)


toscano

Tuscan (of, from or relating to Tuscany, Italy)


marchigiano

any of the dialects spoken in the Marche


South African English

A dialect of English spoken in South Africa and in neighbouring countries.

südafrikanisches Englisch (Südafrikanisches Englisch n)


Ulster Irish

(Ireland) A dialect of the Irish language indigenous to Ulster.


čakavština

sh-noun

čakávština f (Cyrillic spelling чака́вштина)

čakávština (canonical feminine)
чака́вштина (Cyrillic)
čakavština (nominative singular)
čakavštine (genitive singular)
čakavštini (dative singular)
čakavštinu (accusative singular)
čakavštino (singular vocative)
čakavštini (locative singular)
čakavštinom (instrumental singular)


charabia

Attested since at least 1838, originally to denote the incomprehensible talk of Auvergnats.
The further etymology is uncertain. It's believed to possibly mimick a perceived Auvergnat pronunciation of /s/ as /ʃ/. Others theorize it's derived from Occitan charrar (“to chatter”), or Franco-Provençal charabarat (horse market).
A borrowing from Spanish algarabía has been theorized but deemed less likely from a phonetic and geographic perspective.


talian

Borrowed from Venetan tałian (“Italian”).

Talian, the Venetan dialect spoken in Brazil


laziale

(relational) of the S.S. Lazio, the Italian football/soccer team based in Rome


modenese

Modenese (of, from or relating to Modena)


modenese

it-noun

modenese m or f by sense (plural modenesi)

Modenese (native or inhabitant of Modena)


Munster Irish

(Ireland) A dialect of the Irish language indigenous to the province of Munster.


Connacht Irish

(Ireland) A dialect of the Irish language indigenous to the province of Connacht.


finlandssvenska

finlandssvenska (indefinite nominative singular)

The Swedish language as spoken by the Swedish-speaking population in Finland.


アメリカ英語

アメリカ英語 (canonical)
Amerika Eigo (romanization)

アメリカ (Amerika, “America”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


Ketu

→ French: Kétou

The dialect of the Yoruba language spoken by those people.


brasileiro

From brasil + -eiro, later reanalyzed as Brasil + -eiro.

Brazilian Portuguese
Brazilian Portuguese

(informal) Brazilian Portuguese (Portuguese spoken and written in Brazil)


Newfoundland English

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador

The form of English spoken in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.


Tex-Mex

Written first and foremost for the sensibility of the Latina in the US, Cuentos is bilingual and bicultural. Some of the stories appear in Spanish, others in English; most are written in Spanglish and Tex-Mex.

1984 April 14, Stephanie Poggi, “Mujeres en Lucha”, in Gay Community News, page 10:

An English-influenced dialect of Spanish spoken on both sides of the Mexico-United States border..


piacentino

it-noun

piacentino m (plural piacentini, feminine piacentina)

piacentini (plural)
piacentina (feminine)

native or inhabitant of Piacenza (male or of unspecified gender)


Mofers

the dialect of Limburgish spoken in the town Montfort


pugliese

pugliese m or f by sense (plural pugliesi)


gotländska

gotländska (indefinite nominative singular)
gotländskas (genitive indefinite singular)
gotländskan (definite nominative singular)
gotländskans (definite genitive singular)
gotländskor (indefinite nominative plural)
gotländskors (genitive indefinite plural)
gotländskorna (definite nominative plural)
gotländskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) dialect of the Swedish province and island Gotland


anconetano

anconetano m (plural anconetani, feminine anconetana)

anconetani (plural)
anconetana (feminine)

From Latin Ancōnitānus, derived from Ancōn.

native or inhabitant of Ancona (male or of unspecified gender)


brindisino

it-adj

brindisino (feminine brindisina, masculine plural brindisini, feminine plural brindisine)

brindisina (feminine)
brindisini (masculine plural)
brindisine (feminine plural)


brindisino

it-noun

brindisino m (plural brindisini, feminine brindisina)

brindisini (plural)
brindisina (feminine)

native or inhabitant of Brindisi (male or of unspecified gender)


brindisino

the dialect of Sicilian spoken in Brindisi


gardenese

From (Val) Gardena + -ese (“-ese, -ish”).

Gardenese (of, from or relating to Val Gardena)


gardenese

gardenese m or f by sense (plural gardenesi)

Gardenese (native or inhabitant of Val Gardena)


gardenese

→ English: Gardenese

Gardenese (Ladin dialect spoken in Val Gardena)


Savonian

A dialect of Finnish, also called Savo Finnish.


guascone

guascone m (plural guasconi, feminine guascona)

Gascon (native or inhabitant of Gascony) (male or of unspecified gender)


tarantino

tarantino m (plural tarantini, feminine tarantina)

native or inhabitant of Taranto (male or of unspecified gender)


astigiano

astigiano m (plural astigiani, feminine astigiana)

native or inhabitant of Asti (male or of unspecified gender)


astigiano

the dialect of Piedmontese spoken in Asti


cagliaritano

cagliaritano m (plural cagliaritani, feminine cagliaritana)

cagliaritani (plural)
cagliaritana (feminine)

native or inhabitant of Cagliari (male or of unspecified gender)


Multicultural London English

An English sociolect peculiar to modern-day London, being a mixture of Cockney, Jamaican, West African, and Indian accents and dialects.


MLE

ante''' 2009: Ignacio Ramos, A. Jesús Moya Guijarro, and José Ignacio Albentosa Hernández [eds.], New Trends in English Teacher Education, page 209 (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; →ISBN
In terms of its characteristics, MLE is anchored to a large extent in Jamaican Creole, throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s a competitor to Cockney. But Kerswill et al report that it has now encompassed and synthesized elements of everything from Cockney and African English to Hindi, Bangladeshi languages and Arabic. For this reasons it is sometimes called, erroneously, “Hinglish” or “Jafaican”.

Multicultural London English
Multicultural London English#English

(linguistics) Initialism of Multicultural London English.


Indian English

en-noun

Indian English (countable and uncountable, plural Indian Englishes)

Much more common was the bureaucratic use of Indian English. Below the level of the most highly educated, whose English was invariably modelled on old-fashioned teaching, were the English-using clerks of the Imperial administration.

1986, McCrum, Robert, William Cran, & Robert MacNeil, The Story of English, Viking Penguin Inc., page 329:

A major dialect of the English language, spoken in many varieties in India and by people from India.


americká angličtina

americká angličtina (nominative singular)
americké angličtiny (genitive singular)
americké angličtině (dative singular)
americkou angličtinu (accusative singular)
americká angličtino (singular vocative)
americké angličtině (locative singular)
americkou angličtinou (instrumental singular)


reatino

it-noun

reatino m (plural reatini, feminine reatina)

From Latin Reātīnus, derived from Reāte.

native or inhabitant of Rieti (male or of unspecified gender)


Elizabethan English

/əˌlɪzəˈbiːθən ˈiːŋɡlɪʃ/

Blends, also known as portmanteau words, are not an original part of English. That is, none occur in Old or Middle English, nor even in Elizabethan English, with the earliest known example being the rare and now obsolete term tomaxe, a blend of tomahawk and axe.

2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 10:

The dialect of English spoken during the reign of Elizabeth I of England.


renano

Rhenish (Germanic dialects spoken in the Rhineland)


Balkan Romani

One of several dialects of Romani, spoken by groups within the Balkans.


Vlax Romani

A dialect of Romani spoken in Bosnia, Herzegovina, Romania, Albania and Hungary.


Japlish

(informal) A confused blend of Japanese and English; Engrish.


béarnais

fr-adj

béarnais (feminine béarnaise, masculine plural béarnais, feminine plural béarnaises)

béarnaise (feminine)
béarnais (masculine plural)
béarnaises (feminine plural)

(relational) of Béarn (the southern French region in the Pyrenees)


béarnais

the southern French dialect of the above Béarn region, a form of Gascon


Sahidic

Calque of Arabic صَعِيدِي (ṣaʕīdī, “Upper Egyptian, Thebaic”), used to name the dialect in an 11th-century Coptic grammar by Athanasius of Qus.

calque

A Coptic dialect that was spoken in southern Egypt.


диалект

ru-noun+

диале́кт • (dialékt) m inan (genitive диале́кта, nominative plural диале́кты, genitive plural диале́ктов, relational adjective диале́ктный)

диале́кт (canonical)
dialékt (romanization)
диале́кта (genitive)
диале́кты (nominative plural)
диале́ктов (genitive plural)
диале́ктный (adjective relational)
диале́кт (nominative singular)
диале́кты (nominative plural)
диале́кта (genitive singular)
диале́ктов (genitive plural)
диале́кту (dative singular)
диале́ктам (dative plural)
диале́кт (accusative singular)
диале́кты (accusative plural)
диале́ктом (instrumental singular)
диале́ктами (instrumental plural)
диале́кте (prepositional singular)
диале́ктах (plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: dialekta

→ Mariupol Greek: диале́кт (dialjékt)

токи́йский диале́кт ― tokíjskij dialékt ― Tokyo dialect


Chinglish

And as Global English evolves through the twenty-first century, Chinglish will, undoubtedly, continue to have a sizable impact.

2008, Paul J.J. Payack, A Million Words And Counting: How Global English Is Rewriting The World, →ISBN:

Andrea acknowledged that she spoke Chinglish, that she hated her accent, and that learners needed a comprehensible teacher voice in the classroom.

2010, Janette Ryan, Gordon Slethaug, International Education and the Chinese Learner, →ISBN, page 146:

You will see signs written in Chinglish all over China. These signs are usually amusing to English-speaking westerners because they often make no sense, or the translation is inappropriately sexual in content.

2011, Jean M. Life, LIFE IN CHINA: My Story, →ISBN, page 204:

The same can be said about the speakers of Teochiu, Hokkien, Hakka, and Cantonese and Hailam in Southeast Asia, Cantonese in Hong Kong, and all the different topolect speakers and Chinglish or pidgin speakers in the United States.

2012, Shu-mei Shih, Sinophone Studies: A Critical Reader, →ISBN, page 32:

(sometimes derogatory) Spoken or written English which is influenced by the Chinese language.


genovés

es-adj

genovés (feminine genovesa, masculine plural genoveses, feminine plural genovesas)

genovesa (feminine)
genoveses (masculine plural)
genovesas (feminine plural)


genovés

es-noun

genovés m (plural genoveses, feminine genovesa, feminine plural genovesas)

genoveses (plural)
genovesa (feminine)
genovesas (feminine plural)


Old Icelandic

The Old Norse language as spoken and written in Iceland in the Middle Ages, quite similar to Old Norwegian, but differing most markedly in orthography and, to a lesser extent, in phonology.


Old Norwegian

The Old Norse language as spoken and written in Norway in the Middle Ages.


खड़ी बोली

hi-proper noun

खड़ी बोली • (khaṛī bolī) f (Urdu spelling کھڑی بولی)

khaṛī bolī (romanization)
کھڑی بولی (Urdu)
खड़ी बोली (direct singular)
खड़ी बोली (oblique singular)
खड़ी बोली (singular vocative)

Literally "standing speech", likely in the sense of "standard speech".

Modern Standard Hindi
w:Modern Standard Hindi

Modern Standard Urdu
w:Modern Standard Urdu

Khariboli (the Hindi-belt lect from which Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu developed; the colloquial speech of suburban Delhi)


Irish English

The set of English dialects native to the island of Ireland, including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.


koiné

(linguistics) koine (regional language that becomes standard over time)

(uncountable) Koine (the common Greek language during late antiquity)


koiné

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κοινή (koinḗ), feminine form of κοινός (koinós, “common, general”).

bor+

koine (form of language resulting from dialect-levelling)

Koine (variety of the Greek language used in the Hellenistic period)


English English

My own tongue is neither American English nor English English, but Irish English; so I am as nearly impartial in the matter as it is in human nature to be.

1901, [George] Bernard Shaw, “Notes to Captain Brassbound’s Conversion”, in Three Plays for Puritans: The Devil’s Disciple, Cæsar and Cleopatra, & Captain Brassbound’s Conversion, London: Grant Richards, […], →OCLC, page 305:

A dialect of the English language that is spoken mostly in England.


plattysk

platt + tysk, from German plattdeutsch (adjective) and Plattdeutsch (noun)


Dalecarlian

Pertaining to Dalecarlia or Dalecarlians.

taalainmaalainen

pertaining to Dalecarlia or Dalecarlians


Dalecarlian

Any of a group of dialects spoken in Dalecarlia, Sweden

Dialect group spoken in Dalecarlia, Sweden


poitevin

fr-adj

poitevin (feminine poitevine, masculine plural poitevins, feminine plural poitevines)

poitevine (feminine)
poitevins (masculine plural)
poitevines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French poitevin, from Old French poitevin, from Late Latin pictāvīnus, from Pictāvus (“Poitou”), of Gaulish origin. Equivalent to Poitou + -in.

(relational) of Poitou or Poitiers; Poitevin


kajkavština

sh-noun

kajkávština f (Cyrillic spelling кајка́вштина)

kajkávština (canonical feminine)
кајка́вштина (Cyrillic)
kajkavština (nominative singular)
kajkavštine (genitive singular)
kajkavštini (dative singular)
kajkavštinu (accusative singular)
kajkavštino (singular vocative)
kajkavštini (locative singular)
kajkavštinom (instrumental singular)


штокавица

што́кавица (canonical feminine)
štókavica (romanization)
штокавица (nominative singular)
штокавице (genitive singular)
штокавици (dative singular)
штокавицу (accusative singular)
штокавице (singular vocative)
штокавици (locative singular)
штокавицом (instrumental singular)

што‧ка‧ви‧ца


чакавштина

чака́вштина f (Latin spelling čakávština)

чака́вштина (canonical feminine)
čakávština (romanization)
чакавштина (nominative singular)
чакавштине (genitive singular)
чакавштини (dative singular)
чакавштину (accusative singular)
чакавштино (singular vocative)
чакавштини (locative singular)
чакавштином (instrumental singular)

ча‧кав‧шти‧на


štokavica

štókavica f (Cyrillic spelling што́кавица)

štókavica (canonical feminine)
што́кавица (Cyrillic)
štokavica (nominative singular)
štokavice (genitive singular)
štokavici (dative singular)
štokavicu (accusative singular)
štokavice (singular vocative)
štokavici (locative singular)
štokavicom (instrumental singular)


кајкавштина

кајка́вштина

кајка́вштина f (Latin spelling kajkávština)

кајка́вштина (canonical feminine)
kajkávština (romanization)
кајкавштина (nominative singular)
кајкавштине (genitive singular)
кајкавштини (dative singular)
кајкавштину (accusative singular)
кајкавштино (singular vocative)
кајкавштини (locative singular)
кајкавштином (instrumental singular)

sh-decl-noun-unc

кајкавштином

кај‧кав‧шти‧на


чакавски

ча́кавски (canonical)
čákavski (romanization)


čakavski

čákavskī (canonical)
ча́кавскӣ (Cyrillic)
čakavski (masculine nominative singular)
čakavska (feminine nominative singular)
čakavsko (neuter nominative singular)
čakavskog (genitive masculine singular)
čakavskoga (genitive masculine singular)
čakavske (feminine genitive singular)
čakavskog (genitive neuter singular)
čakavskoga (genitive neuter singular)
čakavskomu (dative masculine singular)
čakavskome (dative masculine singular)
čakavskoj (dative feminine singular)
čakavskomu (dative neuter singular)
čakavskome (dative neuter singular)
čakavski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
čakavsku (accusative feminine singular)
čakavsko (accusative neuter singular)
čakavskog (accusative animate masculine singular)
čakavskoga (accusative animate masculine singular)
čakavski (masculine singular vocative)
čakavska (feminine singular vocative)
čakavsko (neuter singular vocative)
čakavskome (locative masculine singular)
čakavskomu (locative masculine singular)
čakavskoj (feminine locative singular)
čakavskome (locative neuter singular)
čakavskomu (locative neuter singular)
čakavskim (instrumental masculine singular)
čakavskom (feminine instrumental singular)
čakavskim (instrumental neuter singular)
čakavski (masculine nominative plural)
čakavske (feminine nominative plural)
čakavska (neuter nominative plural)
čakavskih (genitive masculine plural)
čakavskih (feminine genitive plural)
čakavskih (genitive neuter plural)
čakavskim (dative masculine plural)
čakavskima (dative masculine plural)
čakavskim (dative feminine plural)
čakavskima (dative feminine plural)
čakavskim (dative neuter plural)
čakavskima (dative neuter plural)
čakavske (accusative masculine plural)
čakavske (accusative feminine plural)
čakavska (accusative neuter plural)
čakavski (masculine plural vocative)
čakavske (feminine plural vocative)
čakavska (neuter plural vocative)
čakavskim (locative masculine plural)
čakavskima (locative masculine plural)
čakavskim (feminine locative plural)
čakavskima (feminine locative plural)
čakavskim (locative neuter plural)
čakavskima (locative neuter plural)
čakavskim (instrumental masculine plural)
čakavskima (instrumental masculine plural)
čakavskim (feminine instrumental plural)
čakavskima (feminine instrumental plural)
čakavskim (instrumental neuter plural)
čakavskima (instrumental neuter plural)

(in masculine, substantive) the Chakavian language, a South Slavic language spoken mostly in Croatia


Savo Finnish

en-adj

Savo Finnish (comparative more Savo Finnish, superlative most Savo Finnish)

more Savo Finnish (comparative)
most Savo Finnish (superlative)

Of, relating to, or spoken or written in Savo Finnish.


auvergnat

a dialect of the Occitan language, spoken in Auvergne


alguerès

From l'Alguer (“Alghero”) + -ès (“-ese”).

Algherese (Catalan dialect spoken in Alghero)


Algherese

The dialect of the Catalan language spoken in the Italian city of Alghero, in Sardinia.


lodigiano

it-noun

lodigiano m (plural lodigiani, feminine lodigiana)

native or inhabitant of Lodi (male or of unspecified gender)


Jafaican

2006, June: Archibald St John Smith, How British is That?!: The Eccentric British Guide Book, pages 33–34 (Crombie Jardine Publishing Limited; →ISBN
Forget Cockney, Brummie, Geordie and Scouse, according to the Daily Mail — who else? — Jafaican is laying siege to our inner-city accents and is infiltrating the sacred English language. Soon we may all be familiar with creps (trainers), yard (home), yoot (child), blud (mate) and bitch (girlfriend).

[…] from Cockney, or East London, terminology to a style called “Jafaican”, which has elements of Jamaican and African street talk.

2007 March 16, Debbie Stowe, Paul Stump, Who is Borat?: The Unauthorized Biography of Sacha Baron Cohen, Barnes & Noble, →ISBN, page 122, →ISBN:

She is frowning, hiding her nervousness of Suzy’s presence behind the Jafaican babble.

2007 June 28, María Alvarez, Mirror, Mirror, Fig Tree, →ISBN, page 88, →ISBN:

One part of segregation not immediately obvious is language. I do not mean someone unable to speak the English language, although that is another variation on it; I mean the usage of ‘street’ talk or ‘Jafaican’ as it is sometimes referred to.

2007 December 17, Bobby Smith, Margaret Oshindele-Smith, One Love Two Colours: The Unlikely Marriage of a Punk Rocker and His African Queen, Troubador Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, pages 197–198:

In the early section of this chapter, I discussed attitudes to British Patois, a variety used by members of the West Indian community in Britain. While attitudes are always changing, and new varieties of Black English, such as Jafaican, are said to be developing, […]

2008, January: Janet Holmes, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, page 413 (3rd edition; Pearson Education; →ISBN, 9781405821315)

a. 2009, Ignacio Ramos, A. Jesús Moya Guijarro, and José Ignacio Albentosa Hernández [eds.], New Trends in English Teacher Education, page 209 (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; →ISBN
In terms of its characteristics, MLE is anchored to a large extent in Jamaican Creole, throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s a competitor to Cockney. But Kerswill et al report that it has now encompassed and synthesized elements of everything from Cockney and African English to Hindi, Bangladeshi languages and Arabic. For this reasons it is sometimes called, erroneously, “Hinglish” or “Jafaican”.

Multicultural London English
Multicultural London English

(informal, also used attributively) Multicultural London English.


Brooklynese

Her millions of adoring fans had yet to hear her speak, and when she finally did, she sounded more like a sailor than a starlet, spewing a profanity-laced, G-dropping Brooklynese that no amount of dialect coaching could correct.

2012, Christoper Zara, Tortured Artists: From Picasso and Monroe to Warhol and Winehouse, the Twisted Secrets of the World's Most Creative Minds, part 1, chapter 1, 27:

The dialect of American English spoken in the borough of Brooklyn in New York.


Queen's English

But I am not so timid, and can speak the Queen's English plainly.

1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Story of the Young Man with the Cream Tarts”, in New Arabian Nights:

Picking up the different points of land was often the source of a joke, for our master was not blessed with the most perfect command of the Queen's English, and I overheard one morning the following nautical dialogue: "Look out, ahoy!" - speaking to the man in the foretop.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 33:

He murdered the Queen's English every time he spoke.

1913, E. Phillips Oppenheim, chapter 22, in The Double Life Of Mr. Alfred Burton:

In the movies, bankable Brits fall into one of two categories: those who live in stately homes and possess a firm grasp of the Queen's English, and those who live in cottages or tenements and possess accents thick enough to caulk boats.

2006 April 7, Jeanette Catsoulis, “Movie Review: On a Clear Day (2005)”, in New York Times, retrieved 2010-08-15:

They've obviously never met before, but are getting on like a house on fire. Both are well-spoken and versed in the Queen's English. [this was possibly written before Queen Elizabeth II died]

2022 November 16, Paul Bigland, “From rural branches to high-speed arteries”, in RAIL, number 970, page 52:

(often preceded by the) Especially in England, spoken or written English which is standard, characterised by grammatical correctness, proper usage of words and expressions, and (when spoken) formal British pronunciation.


King's English

What, Iohn Rugby, I pray thee goe to the Caſement, and ſee if you can ſee my Maſter, Maſter Docter Caius comming: if he doe (I’faith) and finde any body in the houſe; here will be an old abuſing of Gods patience, and the Kings Engliſh.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 42, column 1:

"Spake it out, man," exclaimed the landlady; "spake it out in king's English; what for should ye be talking Indian in a room full of Christian folks?"

1823, James Fenimore Cooper, chapter 13, in The Pioneers:

I venture to say that in a fifteen-minute conversation he would commit more horrible crimes against the king's English than even that new stable-boy of yours.

1921, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 14, in The Efficiency Expert:

The O.E.D. is unlike any other dictionary. . . . It wants every word, all the lingo: idioms and euphemisms, sacred or profane, dead or alive, the King’s English or the street’s.

2006 November 5, James Gleick, “Cyber-Neologoliferation”, in New York Times, retrieved 2010-08-15:


skånska

skånska (indefinite nominative singular)
skånskas (genitive indefinite singular)
skånskan (definite nominative singular)
skånskans (definite genitive singular)
skånskor (indefinite nominative plural)
skånskors (genitive indefinite plural)
skånskorna (definite nominative plural)
skånskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) Scanian (dialect of Swedish spoken in Scania)

Hon är skånska
She is [a female] Scanian [See vara for why there is no article. "Hon är skåning" also works.]

två skånskor

(countable) a female Scanian (woman from Scania)


aranés

Aranese (standardized variety of the Gascon dialect of the Occitan language)


Ao

A Yoruba dialect spoken by some members of the Àkókó subethnic group, consisting of several subdialects including Amùsìgbó, (spoken by the people of Ìdóàní). It is also spoken by the Àfò, Ìpèsì, Ikún, Imerì, Ìdógún, and Ìfira towns in Ondo State.


barceloní

ca-noun

barceloní m (plural barcelonins, feminine barcelonina)

barcelonins (plural)
barcelonina (feminine)

Barcelonan (native or inhabitant of Barcelona) (male or of unspecified gender)


barceloní

Crec que el barceloní genuí s'assembla més al gironí que no al xava d'alguns, o al d'ara a TV3.

I think that genuine Barcelona dialect resembles Gironese more than the xava of some people, or that of TV3 now.

The variety of Central Catalan spoken in Barcelona and its surrounding surburbs.


Pima

In the valley of the Gila and on its tributaries from the northeast are the Pimas, Maricopas, and Papagos.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 24:

A member of a group of American Indians living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona (USA) and Sonora (Mexico).


Welsh English

The form of the English language that is chiefly used in Wales.


västmanländska

västmanländska (indefinite nominative singular)

dialect of the Swedish province Västmanland


dalmål

dialect of the Swedish province Dalarna / Dalecarlia


närkingska

närkingska (indefinite nominative singular)


stockholmska

stockholmska (indefinite nominative singular)


östgötska

östgötska (indefinite nominative singular)

dialect of the Swedish province Östergötland


värmländska

värmländska (indefinite nominative singular)
värmländskas (genitive indefinite singular)
värmländskan (definite nominative singular)
värmländskans (definite genitive singular)
värmländskor (indefinite nominative plural)
värmländskors (genitive indefinite plural)
värmländskorna (definite nominative plural)
värmländskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) dialect of the Swedish province Värmland


västgötska

västgötska (indefinite nominative singular)

dialect of the Swedish province Västergötland


småländska

småländska (indefinite nominative singular)


European Portuguese

The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Portugal, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.

Europæisk portugisisk

Portuguese spoken and written in Portugal


名古屋弁

名古屋弁 (canonical)
nagoyaben (romanization)


東北弁

東北弁 (canonical)
Tōhoku-ben (romanization)

東北方言

東北方言 とうほくほうげん


Scanian

The dialect of Swedish spoken in the region of Scania.


monferrino

From Monferr(at)o (“Montferrat”) + -ino.

the dialect of Piedmontese spoken in Montferrat


piccardo

it-noun

piccardo m (plural piccardi, feminine piccarda)

native or inhabitant of Picardy (male or of unspecified gender)


New Zealand English

The form of the English language used in New Zealand.


Ibadan

From ẹ̀bá (“edge, aside”) + ọ̀dàn (“grassland, savannah”), literally “At the edge of the grassland”.

compound

Ibadan (a city, the state capital of Oyo State, Nigeria)


Akhmimic

The most archaic Coptic dialect, used around the town of Akhmim.


Fayyumic

A Coptic dialect, spoken primarily in the Faiyum region west of the Nile Valley.


Oxyrhynchite

A Coptic dialect used around Oxyrhynchus.


Mesokemic

From meso- (“middle”) + Coptic ⲕⲏⲙⲉ (kēme, “Egypt”) + -ic.

Synonym of Oxyrhynchite (dialect of Coptic)


brabançon

Parles-tu le brabançon?


Sistani Persian

A dialect of the Persian language that is spoken mostly in the Sistan region, with distinctive grammar and phonology.


बंबैया

bambaiyā (romanization)
बंबैया (direct singular)
बंबैया (oblique singular)
बंबैया (singular vocative)


बंबैया

bambaiyā (romanization)
बंबैया (direct singular)
बंबैए (direct plural)
बंबैये (direct plural)
बंबैए (oblique singular)
बंबैये (oblique singular)
बंबैयों (oblique plural)
बंबैए (singular vocative)
बंबैये (singular vocative)
बंबैयो (plural vocative)
बंबैया (direct singular)
बंबैयाएँ (direct plural)
बंबैया (oblique singular)
बंबैयाओं (oblique plural)
बंबैया (singular vocative)
बंबैयाओ (plural vocative)

a person from or residing in the city of Mumbai


Libyan Arabic

A group of Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Libya.


Black English

Perhaps Black English will yield a new neutral term for wokeness.

2021 November 16, John McWhorter, “‘Woke’ Went the Way of ‘P.C.’ and ‘Liberal’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

African-American English
African-American English#English

Any of several varieties of English spoken by or associated with Black people, especially people of African origin or in Africa.

(US) Synonym of African-American English (“AAE”), sometimes specifically African-American Vernacular English (“AAVE”).


Sallands

Drents

other Low German dialects in the Netherlands


Carniolan

Any of the languages spoken in Carniola (depending on context), such as Slovene or Gottscheerish.


monegaskisk

Monégasque (Ligurian dialect spoken in Monaco)


gironí

ca-noun

gironí m (plural gironins, feminine gironina)

native or inhabitant of Girona (male or of unspecified gender)


gironí

«Per primera vegada puc parlar el gironí en escena, i amb l'accent tancat dels pagesos», diu Pep Cruz, nascut a la ciutat de Girona.

2012 March 21, José Carlos Sorribes, “El drama d'un patriarca a la deriva”, in El Periódico, Cultura:

"For the first time I can speak Gironese in a scene, and with the closed accent of the country folk", says Pep Cruz, born in the city of Girona.

The variety of Catalan spoken in the province of Girona.


Yinglish

An informal language blending elements of English and Yiddish.


Janglish

Blend of Japanese + English, with intended pun on jangle (“sound discordantly”); coined by English author James Kirkup in 1966.

A variety of English incorporating Japanese words or constructions; English heavily influenced by Japanese grammar or pronunciation.


carrarese

the dialect of Italian spoken in Carrara


vizcaíno

es-adj

vizcaíno (feminine vizcaína, masculine plural vizcaínos, feminine plural vizcaínas)

vizcaína (feminine)
vizcaínos (masculine plural)
vizcaínas (feminine plural)

Biscayne (pertaining to Biscay or to the language)


Heligolandic

A dialect of the North Frisian language spoken on the German island of Heligoland in the North Sea.


Glasgow patter

A Scots dialect spoken in and around Glasgow, Scotland.


Kiamu

The Lamu (Kenyan coast) dialect of Swahili


montañés

the Astur-Leonese dialect spoken in western parts of Cantabria


lleidatà

ca-noun

lleidatà m (plural lleidatans, feminine lleidatana)

lleidatans (plural)
lleidatana (feminine)

native or inhabitant of Lleida (male or of unspecified gender)


lleidatà

Parlar lleidatà no és ni menys ni més que parlar qualsevol altre dialecte del català.

Speaking Lleidatan is just like speaking any other dialect of Catalan.

the local variety of Catalan spoken in Lleida


aranès

ca-adj

aranès (feminine aranesa, masculine plural aranesos, feminine plural araneses)

aranesa (feminine)
aranesos (masculine plural)
araneses (feminine plural)


aranès

ca-noun

aranès m (plural aranesos, feminine aranesa)

native or inhabitant of Val d'Aran (male or of unspecified gender)


aranès

the dialect of Occitan spoken in Val d'Aran


Pakistani English

Much more common was the bureaucratic use of Pakistani English. Below the level of the most highly educated, whose English was invariably modelled on old-fashioned teaching, were the English-using clerks of the Imperial administration.

1986, Robert McCrum, William Cran, Robert MacNeil, The Story of English, Viking Penguin Inc., page 329:

A dialect of the English language, having one variety in Pakistan, and also spoken by Pakistani expatriates, Pakistani migrants, and Pakistani tourists throughout the world.


Iyaric

A dialect of English used by the Rastafari.


Rovignese

The dialect of the Istriot language spoken in Rovinj.


Dörptestnisch

de-proper noun

Dörptestnisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Dörptestnisch or Dörptestnischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Dörptestnische, alternative genitive Dörptestnischen, no plural)

Dörptestnisch (genitive)
Dörptestnischs (genitive)
Dörptestnische (alternative nominative)
Dörptestnischen (alternative genitive)

Tartu Estonian, the dialect of Estonian spoken in Tartu


bonifacino

it-adj

bonifacino (feminine bonifacina, masculine plural bonifacini, feminine plural bonifacine)

bonifacina (feminine)
bonifacini (masculine plural)
bonifacine (feminine plural)

of, from or relating to Bonifacio, Corsica

(relational) of the Bonifacio dialect of Ligurian (see below)


bonifacino

it-noun

bonifacino m (plural bonifacini, feminine bonifacina)

bonifacini (plural)
bonifacina (feminine)

native or inhabitant of Bonifacio (male or of unspecified gender)


bonifacino

a dialect of Ligurian spoken in the southern tip of Corsica, mainly in the city of Bonifacio


langarolo

langarolo m (plural langaroli, feminine langarola)

native or inhabitant of the Langhe (male or of unspecified gender)


langarolo

dialect of Piedmontese spoken in the Langhe


Philippine English

The form of the English language used in the Philippines.


genovês

pt-adj

genovês (feminine genovesa, masculine plural genoveses, feminine plural genovesas)

genovesa (feminine)
genoveses (masculine plural)
genovesas (feminine plural)

From Génova/Gênova + -ês. Doublet of zeneize.


genovês

pt-noun

genovês m (plural genoveses, feminine genovesa, feminine plural genovesas)

genoveses (plural)
genovesa (feminine)
genovesas (feminine plural)

Genoese (an inhabitant or resident of Genoa)


visigótico

From Late Latin Visigothus + -ico, from Gothic.

the Gothic dialect spoken by the Visigoths


inglês sul-africano

South African English
South African English


Kenyan English

The English language as written and spoken in Kenya, and among Kenyan expatriates in other countries.


כּלל־ייִדיש

כּלל־ (klal-, “standard, communal”) + ייִדיש (yidish, “Yiddish”)


Caribbean English

The dialects of the English language spoken in the Caribbean islands, and most countries on the Caribbean coasts of Central America, and South America, including Belize and Guyana.

caribisk-engelsk

broad term for sum of all Caribbean dialects of English


Northern England English

A group of dialects of the English language found in Northern England.


tonquinês

tonquinês m (plural tonquineses, feminine tonquinesa, feminine plural tonquinesas)

tonquineses (plural)
tonquinesa (feminine)
tonquinesas (feminine plural)

Tonkinese (the Vietnamese dialect spoken in Tonkin)


lionese

it-noun

lionese m or f by sense (plural lionesi)


Romanesco

/ɹəʊ.məˈnɛs.kəʊ/

Borrowed from Italian romanesco (“of or pertaining to Rome”).

bor

The dialect of the Italian language spoken in Rome.


pittavino

it-adj

pittavino (feminine pittavina, masculine plural pittavini, feminine plural pittavine)

pittavina (feminine)
pittavini (masculine plural)
pittavine (feminine plural)

Late Latin pictāvīnus, from Pictāvus (“Poitou”), of Gaulish origin.

Poitevin (of or pertaining to Poitou or Poitiers in France)


pittavino

it-noun

pittavino m (plural pittavini, feminine pittavina)

Poitevin (native or inhabitant of Poitou or Poitiers) (male or of unspecified gender)


pittavino

(historical) any of a series of coins minted by the Counts of Poitiers


euskalki

euskalki (absolutive indefinite)
euskalkia (absolutive indefinite singular)
euskalkiak (absolutive indefinite plural)
euskalkik (ergative indefinite)
euskalkiak (ergative indefinite singular)
euskalkiek (ergative indefinite plural)
euskalkiri (dative indefinite)
euskalkiari (dative indefinite singular)
euskalkiei (dative indefinite plural)
euskalkiren (genitive indefinite)
euskalkiaren (genitive indefinite singular)
euskalkien (genitive indefinite plural)
euskalkirekin (comitative indefinite)
euskalkiarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
euskalkiekin (comitative indefinite plural)
euskalkirengatik (causative indefinite)
euskalkiarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
euskalkiengatik (causative indefinite plural)
euskalkirentzat (benefactive indefinite)
euskalkiarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
euskalkientzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
euskalkiz (indefinite instrumental)
euskalkiaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
euskalkiez (indefinite instrumental plural)
euskalkitan (indefinite inessive)
euskalkian (indefinite inessive singular)
euskalkietan (indefinite inessive plural)
euskalkitako (indefinite locative)
euskalkiko (indefinite locative singular)
euskalkietako (indefinite locative plural)
euskalkitara (allative indefinite)
euskalkira (allative indefinite singular)
euskalkietara (allative indefinite plural)
euskalkitaraino (indefinite terminative)
euskalkiraino (indefinite singular terminative)
euskalkietaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
euskalkitarantz (directive indefinite)
euskalkirantz (directive indefinite singular)
euskalkietarantz (directive indefinite plural)
euskalkitarako (destinative indefinite)
euskalkirako (destinative indefinite singular)
euskalkietarako (destinative indefinite plural)
euskalkitatik (ablative indefinite)
euskalkitik (ablative indefinite singular)
euskalkietatik (ablative indefinite plural)
euskalkirik (indefinite partitive)
euskalkitzat (indefinite prolative)


sendinês

pt-adj

sendinês (feminine sendinesa, masculine plural sendineses, feminine plural sendinesas)

sendinesa (feminine)
sendineses (masculine plural)
sendinesas (feminine plural)

(relational) of the Mirandese dialect spoken in Sendim


sendinês

pt-noun

sendinês m (plural sendineses, feminine sendinesa, feminine plural sendinesas)

sendineses (plural)
sendinesa (feminine)
sendinesas (feminine plural)

native or inhabitant of the village of Sendim, Portugal

(uncountable) the dialect of Mirandese spoken around Sendim


llanito

Llanito (mixed language spoken by Gibraltarians)


Manglish

He stands back and witnesses with awe the language’s myriad offshoots, like Manglish (Malay and English) and Konglish (English in South Korea).

2010 May 25, Dwight Garner, “English as a Juggernaut Conquers the World With Glee and an OMG”, in New York Times:

An English-based creole spoken in Malaysia, incorporating words from Malay and other mostly Asian languages.


Boholano

A variant of Cebuano spoken in the province of Bohol in the Philippines and eastern parts of Southern Leyte.


arcado-cipriota

Arcado-Cypriot (an ancient Greek dialect spoken in Arcadia and Cyprus)


arcádio

Arcadic (the Ancient Greek dialect of Arcadia)


Sichuanese

The variety of Mandarin spoken in Sichuan.


Appalachian English

A dialect of the English language native to the Appalachian region of the United States, often derided for its grammatical inconsistencies and perceived lack of education of its speakers.


português com açúcar

Literally, “Portuguese with sugar”. Coined by the Portuguese writer Eça de Queirós.

(Portugal, informal) Brazilian Portuguese (the Portuguese language as spoken and written in Brazil)


閩東語

ja-noun

閩(びん)東(とう)語(ご) or 閩東語(ミントンご) • (bintōgo or mintongo)

閩東語 (canonical)
閩東語 (canonical)
bintōgo (romanization)
mintongo (romanization)

[mʲĩntõ̞ŋɡo̞]

Eastern Min; Min Dong (branch of Chinese widely spoken in and around Fuzhou)


Singapore English

A retired British civil servant and an Oxford graduate at that, vigorously advocates that Singaporeans should speak Singapore English.

1972, Evelyn Ng, The Straits Times, page 5:

This question has aroused considerable interest since the publication of Stephen Snow Menneer’s article on Singapore English in the January issue of the NYLTI (National Youth Leadership Training Institute) Journal.

1972, Pang Cheng Lian, New Nation, page 8:

I have always been of the opinion that anybody, particularly expatriates, who subscribe to the “Singapore English” idea is a saboteur, and should not be entrusted with the teaching of the language to our students.

Dr Chua says that by the 21st Century, Singapore English will be qualitatively different but will retain its basic character.

1995, Catherine Lim, The Straits Times, page 21:

More recently, in the past five years, there has been the effort to collect, computerise, and analyse a million-word corpus of both written and spoken Singapore English.

1999, National University of Singapore, Singapore Studies: Critical Surveys of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol II, page 78

In the following paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very informal variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers of Singapore English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard English and often mix it with Standard English (or with other languages).

2000, Anthea Fraser Gupta, Postimperial & Postcolonial Literature in English, page (online)

If I could nominate a “dialect of the 21st Century,” I would probably go with Singapore English, a native English dialect spectrum spoken in a region with few competitors (for nearly 1/3 of Singaporeans, English is the primary language spoken at home).

2013, Ben Trawick-Smith, Dialect Blog, page (online)

As the number of native speakers of Singapore English and Mandarin increases, the colonial-era ideology of English vis-à-vis the languages of the immigrants needs to be re-examined.

2015, Zhiming Bao, The Making of Vernacular Singapore English: System, Transfer, and Filter, page 35:

A localised variety of English found in Singapore, made up of two varieties: high (Singapore Standard English) and low (Singapore Colloquial English, Singlish).


Australianese

Anzac burial parties greeted the enemy with odds and ends of Arabic phrases, and with Australianese that must have been incomprehensible to them.

1978, Patsy Adam-Smith, chapter X, in The ANZACS, page 102:

While the Australian black, brown, copperhead, the death adder, and taipan snakes are all poisonous, the real troublemaker (or "stirrer," as they say in Australianese) is the tiger snake.

1980 January, George Reiger, “Fishing In The Land Of Topsy-Turvy”, in Field & Stream, page 72:

'You said "ass" like an American.'
'Well, I know you wouldn't understand me if I said it in Australianese.' […]

2015, S. A. Gordon, Grand Slam, Xoum, →ISBN:

Australian English, especially when containing Australian slang or other Australianisms.


Arcadocypriot Greek

From Cypriot, Greek, and from Ancient Greek Ἀρκαδία (Arkadía, “Arcadia”) and Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”).

uder

The dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in Arcadia and on Cyprus. Not attested in literature, but contributed a few forms to Epic Greek.


हरियाणवी

hi-proper noun

हरियाणवी • (hariyāṇvī) f

hariyāṇvī (romanization)
हरियाणवी (direct singular)
हरियाणवी (oblique singular)
हरियाणवी (singular vocative)

/ɦə.ɾɪ.jɑːɳ.ʋiː/

Haryanvi (an Indo-Aryan language, sometimes conflated with Hindi)


イギリス英語

イギリス英語 (canonical)
Igirisu Eigo (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


インド英語

インド (Indo, “India”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


スコットランド英語

スコットランド英語 (canonical)
Sukottorando Eigo (romanization)

スコットランド (Sukottorando, “Britain”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)

ja:スコットランド英語


カナダ英語

カナダ英語 (canonical)
Kanada Eigo (romanization)

カナダ (Kanada, “Canada”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


フィリピン英語

フィリピン英語 (canonical)
Firipin Eigo (romanization)

フィリピン (Firipin, “Philippines”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


ニュージーランド英語

ja-pos

ニュー ジーランド えいご

ニュージーランド英語 (canonical)
Nyū Jīrando Eigo (romanization)

ニュージーランド (Nyū Jīrando, “New Zealand”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)

compound

ja:ニュージーランド英語


オーストラリア英語

オーストラリア英語 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria Eigo (romanization)

オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)

ja:オーストラリア英語


nedertysk

From German niederdeutsch (adjective) and Niederdeutsch (noun).


Urtsun dialect

The dialect of the Kalasha-speaking people in the Urtsun valley in Chitral, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


castúo

The linguistic term was coined by Luis Chamizo Trigueros in 1921, in reference to castizos.

the dialect of Spanish spoken in Extremadura and influenced by Extremaduran


Liemers

Possibly from Lee, Ly (a brook in the area) + -mers. The second element is cognate with English marsh; compare Middle Dutch mersch, Middle Low German mersch. Others derive it from Latin līmes (“border”).

area in The Netherlands, province of Gelderland, between Arnhem and Doetinchem

the Low Franconian dialect spoken in that region


nordnorsk

North Norwegian, dialect of Northern Norway


tussentaal

nl-noun

tussentaal f (plural tussentalen, diminutive tussentaaltje n)

tussentalen (plural)
tussentaaltje (diminutive neuter)

From tussen (“between”) + taal (“language”).

(Belgium) any variety of colloquial speech intermediate between standard Flemish and local dialects, typically fairly close to the former but with certain grammatical deviances (use of gij and its verb forms, distinction of the masculine gender etc.)


Romeyka

From Greek Ρωμαίικα (Romaíika), from Byzantine Greek ρωμαίικος (rōmaíikos, “Roman; Byzantine”).

der

(linguistics) The most conservative dialect of Greek, spoken in Turkey.


Malwai

Borrowed from Punjabi ਮਲਵਈ (malvaī). Equivalent to Malwa + -i.

A Punjabi dialect spoken in the Malwa region of Punjab.


Tadjiks

af-adj

Tadjiks (attributive Tadjikse, not comparable)

Tajik (of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people or the Tajik language)


Tadjiks

Tajik, Tajiki (Persian dialect spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan)


फ़िल्मी हिंदी

hi-proper noun

फ़िल्मी हिंदी • (filmī hindī) f (Urdu spelling فلمی ہندی)

filmī hindī (romanization)
فلمی ہندی (Urdu)
फ़िल्मी हिंदी (direct singular)
फ़िल्मी हिंदी (oblique singular)
फ़िल्मी हिंदी (singular vocative)

(neologism) the register of Hindustani used in Bollywood films


Gardenese

/ˌɡɑː(ɹ)dəˈniːz/

From Italian gardenese, equivalent to (Val) Gardena + -ese.

The Ladin dialect spoken in Val Gardena.


Wenzhounese

The Wu dialect of Wenzhou, a city in Zhejiang, China.


Old Novgorodian

A dialect used in Old East Slavic birch-bark writings found around Novgorod, having some archaic features that were lost in other Slavic dialects.

vieux novgorodien

a dialect of Old East Slavic used in Novgorod


ਦੁਆਬੀ

pa-proper noun

ਦੁਆਬੀ • (duābī) m

ਦੁਆਬਾ (duābā, “Ganga-Jamuna doab”) + -ਈ (-ī).


フラマン語

フラマン語 (canonical)
Furaman-go (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɾa̠ma̠ŋ ɡo̞]

From French flamand + 語 (-go, “language”).


Garhwali

Borrowed from Garhwali गढ़वळि (gaṛhvaḷi), probably via another Indo-Aryan language.

A Central Pahari language of the Indo-Aryan language family spoken chiefly by the Garhwal people of Uttarakhand, India. Some sources consider it to be a dialect of Hindi.


बुंदेली

hi-proper noun

बुंदेली • (bundelī) f

bundelī (romanization)
बुंदेली (direct singular)
बुंदेली (oblique singular)
बुंदेली (singular vocative)

Bundeli (a language closely related to Braj Bhasha and Hindi)


दक्खिनी

dakkhinī (romanization)
दक्खिनी (direct singular)
दक्खिनी (oblique singular)
दक्खिनी (singular vocative)


Poitevin

/ˈpwɑːtəvæ̃/

Unadapted borrowing from French poitevin, ultimately from Late Latin pictāvīnus, from Pictāvus (“Poitou”), of Gaulish origin. See Poitiers and Poitou.

unadapted borrowing

Of or pertaining to the region of Poitou in France.


Poitevin

/ˈpwɑːtəvæ̃/


Poitevin

/ˈpwɑːtəvæ̃/

The dialect of Poitevin-Saintongeais spoken in Poitou.


Saxtti

From Konkani साष्टी (sāṣṭī) (Latin script Saxtti).

bor

Konkani साष्टी (sāṣṭī)


Barese

From Italian barese. Equivalent to Bari + -ese (adjective- and noun-forming suffix).

af

The Bari dialect, a dialect of Neapolitan spoken in the Apulia and Basilicata regions of Italy.


Namibian English

The English language as written and spoken in Namibia, and among Namibian expatriates in other countries.


world English

Finally, I contacted a number of World Englishes and lexicography colleagues who were able to contribute terms and suggest further avenues of investigation.

2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 5:

(countable) Any of various national or regional varieties of English other than British or American English.


kebabnorsk

Jamals kebabnorsk, hans sviktende grammatikk og dårlige ordforråd sier mer enn hundre rapporter.

2017 December 20, “Dagsavisens bokfavoritter”, in Dagsavisen:

Jamal's Kebab Norwegian, his faulty grammar and poor vocabulary says more than a hundred reports.

(often derogatory) A set of varied ethnolects of Norwegian, featuring many loanwords from the languages spoken by non-Western immigrants to Norway.


norrländska

norrländska (indefinite nominative singular)
norrländskas (genitive indefinite singular)
norrländskan (definite nominative singular)
norrländskans (definite genitive singular)
norrländskor (indefinite nominative plural)
norrländskors (genitive indefinite plural)
norrländskorna (definite nominative plural)
norrländskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) dialect of the Swedish landsdel Norrland

Hon är norrländska
She is from Norrland / a northerner [See vara for why there is no article. "Hon är norrlänning" also works.]

två norrländskor


Onko

A Yoruba subethnic group in Oyo State, Nigeria, some Òǹkò towns include Ṣakí, Ìsẹ́yìn, Ṣẹ̀pẹ̀tẹ̀rí, Kìṣí, and Ìgànná.

A Yoruba dialect spoken by the Òǹkò people


østlandsk

a range of dialects spoken throughout Østlandet


østnorsk

East Norwegian (dialects spoken in Eastern Norway)


Wood Frisian

A dialect of West Frisian spoken in the Frisian woods region.


Clay Frisian

A dialect of West Frisian spoken in the clay region.


Okun

Ọ̀wọ́rọ́ọ̀ Ọwọrọọ#Yoruba

An overarching term for a group of related Yoruba subethnic groups in Kogi State, consisting of the Ọ̀wọ́rọ́ọ̀, Ìyàgbà, Ìjùmú, Ìbùnú, Owé, and Gbẹdẹ.


Jewish English

The interrelated socio-ethnolects of the English language used by the Jews of Anglophonic countries, typically peppered with religious or cultural influences from Hebrew, Yiddish, and other Jewish languages (though usually not to the same extent as Yeshivish, which is essentially English but with extensive use of Aramaic, Hebrew and Yiddish terminology related to halacha (Jewish law) and Gemara learning).


bondska

bondska (indefinite nominative singular)

(colloquial) any local traditional Swedish dialect, especially in Northern Sweden.


göteborgska

göteborgska (indefinite nominative singular)
göteborgskas (genitive indefinite singular)
göteborgskan (definite nominative singular)
göteborgskans (definite genitive singular)
göteborgskor (indefinite nominative plural)
göteborgskors (genitive indefinite plural)
göteborgskorna (definite nominative plural)
göteborgskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) the variety of Swedish spoken in Gothenburg


African American Vernacular English

Alternative form of African-American Vernacular English


gascó

ca-noun

gascó m (plural gascons, feminine gascona)

Ultimately from Latin vascō. Doublet of basc and vascó.

Gascon (native or inhabitant of Gascony) (male or of unspecified gender)


txakaviera

txakaviera (absolutive indefinite)
txakaviera (absolutive singular)
txakavierak (ergative singular)
txakavierari (dative singular)
txakavieraren (genitive singular)
txakavierarekin (comitative singular)
txakavierarengatik (causative singular)
txakavierarentzat (benefactive singular)
txakavieraz (indefinite instrumental)
txakavieraz (instrumental singular)
txakavieran (inessive singular)
txakavierarik (indefinite partitive)
txakavieratzat (indefinite prolative)

Ahozko hizkuntza gisa, zaratineraren (venezieraren aldaera lokala) eta txakavieraren (kroazieraren aldaera bat) menpe egon zen.

2017, Maximiljana Barančić, Zadarreko arbanasiera mintzaira, kontaktuan dauden hizkuntzen isla, BAT Soziolinguistika Aldizkaria, page 168:

As a spoken language, it was influenced by Zaratinian (a local variety of Venetan) and Chakavian (a variety of Croatian).


Hong Kong English

While many students furnished their own lexical items, I also provided a list of localized lexis, based on my own Hong Kong English citation database, from which they could select items if they were having trouble finding one themselves.

2015, James Lambert, “Lexicography as a teaching tool: A Hong Kong case study”, in Lan Li, Jamie McKeown, Liming Liu, editors, Dictionaries and corpora: Innovations in reference science. Proceedings of ASIALEX 2015 Hong Kong, Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, page 146:

The form of the English language used in Hong Kong.


latinense

of, from or relating to Latina (town in Lazio, Italy)


latinense

it-noun

latinense m or f by sense (plural latinensi)


Sandia

Borrowed from Spanish sandía (“watermelon”).

The pueblo of the Sandia people, located in southern Sandoval County and northern Bernalillo County.

Jim Wells County
Jim Wells County#English

An unincorporated community in Jim Wells County, Texas.


Ilọrin

A common folk etymology suggests, ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) + lọ̀ (“to grind”) + irin (“iron”), literally “The place where iron is processed”

af

A Yoruba dialect spoken by the Ìlọrin people


Ọwọ

From Ọ̀ghọ̀, ultimately from ọ̀ghọ̀ (“respect”), equivalent to ọ̀wọ̀ (“respect”)


Akurẹ

→ English: Akure

→ Edo: Ẹkuẹ

A widely known folk etymology popularized by Akure king Adesida I states it comes from àkún (“royal beads”) + rẹ́ (“to fall, to snap”), literally “The place where the beads snapped”.


Ifẹ

From Ufẹ̀. Several folk etymologies existed including i- (“nominalizing prefix”) + fẹ̀ + [Term?] (“to widen, to spread”), literally “The Land that widens”
*Possibly from i- (“nominalizing prefix”) + fẹ̀ (“to be prosperous, to be successful”), literally “Land of prosperity”


Anago

→ Fon: anagó (“Yoruba”)

→ French: Nagot

→ Haitian Creole: Nago

→ Portuguese: nagô

→ Spanish: nagó

> Lucumí: anagó (inherited)

Possibly from Fon Anagó, compare with Ewe Anagó

A subgroup of the Yoruba people mainly living in the town of Kétu in the Republic of Benin and southwest Yorubaland


Ẹgba

Perhaps from the phrase ẹ̀- + gbá + lé + igbó, literally “Ones who wander and hit the forest”, compare with Ẹ̀gbádò

the Egba people, a subgroup of the Yoruba people, historically consisting of three sections, the Gbágùrá or Ẹ̀gbá-Àgùrá, the Ẹ̀gbá Òkè-Ọ̀nà, and the Ẹ̀gbá Aké (also known as, and after 1840, the Òwú and Ìbarà have also been regarded as a subgroup within the Ẹ̀gbá capital of Abeokuta).


Ajaṣẹ

Gun: Àjàṣẹ́

/à.d͡ʒà.ʃɛ́/

From à- (“nominalizing prefix”) + jà (“to fight”) + ṣẹ́ (“to be victorious”).

a name for several towns in Yorubaland. The towns are often suffixed by a unique identifying term as a way of differentiating them.

The dialect of the Yoruba language spoken in the town of Àjàṣẹ́ (Porto-Novo).


Ọyọ

→ Gun: Ayɔ̀

Folk etymology states it comes from ọ̀- (nominalizing prefix) + yọ́ (“to slide off”), literally “The place that we slide off of (in reference to the slipperiness of the ground)”.

Ọ̀yọ́mèsì

A senior class of chiefs of the Ọ̀yọ́ empire that served as advisors to the Aláàfin

a dialect of the Yoruba language spoken by the Ọ̀yọ́ people, it serves as the basis for the modern Standard Yoruba koine (Yorùbá Àjùmọ̀lò)


Ifọn

A Yoruba subethnic group whom live in the city of Ifọ́n in Oǹdó state


Eko

→ Hausa: Ìkko

From Edo Eko (“Lagos”), from Edo eko (“temporary camp”).


Ẹgbado

/ɛ̀.ɡ͡bá.dò/

ẹ̀ gbá odò (“Wanderers to the river”). Compare Ẹ̀gbá

the Egbado people, a subgroup of the Yoruba


Ondo

A dialect of Yoruba spoken in Ondo State.


Ondo

Folk etymology says it comes from the phrase èdó è dùdó (literally “the yam stake did not stick”). Also proposed to come from òǹ- (“agent prefix”) + ì (“nominalizing prefix”) + dó (“to settle”), literally “That which is settled”


Ṣabẹẹ

A Yoruba subethnic group whom live in the city of Savè.


Friso-Saxon

From Frisia + Saxon, modelled after Anglo-Saxon.

(linguistics) Belonging to a group of West Germanic dialects found around the North Sea coast of the Netherlands and Germany, in an area historically known as Frisia.


Ekiti

From èkìtì (“hills”), which describes the landscape of the Èkìtì homeland. Perhaps from an obsolete plural form, compare with Yoruba òkìtì


rossellonès

ca-noun

rossellonès m (plural rossellonesos, feminine rossellonesa)

rossellonesos (plural)
rossellonesa (feminine)

native or inhabitant of Roussillon (male or of unspecified gender)


rossellonès

the dialect of Catalan spoken in Roussillon


Dano-Faroese

A variant of the Danish language spoken in the Faroe Islands, with intonation and pronunciation that are influenced by Faroese.


gøtudansk

Possibly from Gøta, Eysturoy, supposedly the home of a teacher who spoke Danish with a heavy Faroese accent. Alternatively, possibly from the common noun gøta (“street”), thus "Street Danish".

Dano-Faroese (language variant of Danish spoken in the Faroe Islands)


Western Khmer

A dialect of the Khmer language spoken by the Khmer people native to the Cardamom Mountains on both sides of the border between western Cambodia and eastern-central Thailand.


древненовгородский

ru-adj

древненовгоро́дский

древненовгоро́дский • (drevnenovgoródskij)

древненовгоро́дский (canonical)
drevnenovgoródskij (romanization)
древненовгоро́дский (masculine nominative)
древненовгоро́дское (neuter nominative)
древненовгоро́дская (feminine nominative)
древненовгоро́дские (nominative plural)
древненовгоро́дского (genitive masculine neuter)
древненовгоро́дской (feminine genitive)
древненовгоро́дских (genitive plural)
древненовгоро́дскому (dative masculine neuter)
древненовгоро́дской (dative feminine)
древненовгоро́дским (dative plural)
древненовгоро́дского (accusative animate masculine)
древненовгоро́дское (accusative neuter)
древненовгоро́дскую (accusative feminine)
древненовгоро́дских (accusative animate plural)
древненовгоро́дский (accusative inanimate masculine)
древненовгоро́дские (accusative inanimate plural)
древненовгоро́дским (instrumental masculine neuter)
древненовгоро́дской (feminine instrumental)
древненовгоро́дскою (feminine instrumental)
древненовгоро́дскими (instrumental plural)
древненовгоро́дском (masculine neuter prepositional)
древненовгоро́дской (feminine prepositional)
древненовгоро́дских (plural prepositional)

ru-decl-adj

древненовгоро́дский

дре́вний (drévnij) + -е- (-e-) + новгоро́дский (novgoródskij)

af

новгоро́дский

ru:древненовгородский диалект


древненовгородский

ru-noun+

древненовгоро́дский

древненовгоро́дский • (drevnenovgoródskij) m inan (genitive древненовгоро́дского, uncountable)

древненовгоро́дский (canonical)
drevnenovgoródskij (romanization)
древненовгоро́дского (genitive)
древненовгоро́дский (nominative singular)
древненовгоро́дского (genitive singular)
древненовгоро́дскому (dative singular)
древненовгоро́дский (accusative singular)
древненовгоро́дским (instrumental singular)
древненовгоро́дском (prepositional singular)

af

новгоро́дский

ru:древненовгородский диалект


Urkers

a Low Saxon dialect spoken in the former island and village of Urk


Harlemese

The urban dialect of American English spoken in Harlem, Manhattan, USA.


xava

Contràriament a la pel·lícula, la noia ni és ignorant ni parla xava.

1993, Quim Monzó, “Pigmalió”, in El perquè de tot plegat, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, →ISBN, page 39:

Contrary to the movie, the girl is not ignorant nor does she speak xava.

Hispanicized Catalan spoken in parts of Barcelona


Italian English

en-noun

Italian English (plural Italian Englishes)

English as spoken in mainland Italy or as a second language by Italians.


berrixó

ca-noun

berrixó m (plural berrixons, feminine berrixona)

native or inhabitant of Berry (male or of unspecified gender)


Litvish

Borrowed from Yiddish ליטוויש (litvish).


莆田話

ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰiːn²¹ waː²²⁻³⁵/

pou² ceng² ua⁵ [Phonetic:pou⁵ leng⁴ ngua⁵]

/pʰɔu¹³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² ^((Ø-))ŋua²¹/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰiːn²¹ waː²²⁻³⁵/


Wiliideh

bor

Wıı̀lıı̀deh Yatıı̀

The dialect of Dogrib spoken in the Yellowknives Dene First Nation.


Igbomina

→ Portuguese: Ibomina

/ì.ɡ͡bó.mĩ̀.nã̀/

From ògbó (“a type of sword”) + mi (“mine, my”) + mọ̀ (“to knows”) + ọ̀nà (“the path, the way”), literally “My sword knows the way”.

compound

A dialect of the Yoruba language spoken by the Ìgbómìnà


blekingska

blekingska (indefinite nominative singular)
blekingskas (genitive indefinite singular)
blekingskan (definite nominative singular)
blekingskans (definite genitive singular)
blekingskor (indefinite nominative plural)
blekingskors (genitive indefinite plural)
blekingskorna (definite nominative plural)
blekingskornas (definite genitive plural)

(uncountable) the Swedish dialect spoken in Blekinge


Ikalẹ

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) + ká (“to surround, to spread out”) + ilẹ̀ (“land”), literally “That whom spread out across the land”.


Ijẹbu

/ì.d͡ʒɛ̀.bú/

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) + jẹ (“to rove, to swim”) + ní (“in”) + ubú (“ocean, deep sea”), literally “The ones who swim in the deep sea”

Ìjẹ̀bú-Òde

The principal and capital city of the Ìjẹ̀bú people

A spoken variety closely related to that of the Yoruba language


accent tag

Hence, clearly the search facilities and strategies represent the “nightmare” aspect of trying to use YouTube for linguistic ... Examples include “Accent tag” videos (as in Figure 13, following something like a dialect questionnaire, ...

2016, Elena Seoane, Cristina Suárez-Gómez, World Englishes: New theoretical and methodological considerations, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 276:

There are also lots of examples on YouTube, such as the “Accent Tags,” though they have to be used with some caution since they are self-selected and may not always be the ideal representative of a particular dialect.

2017, Jeffrey Reaser, Carolyn Temple Adger, Walt Wolfram, Donna Christian, Dialects at School: Educating Linguistically Diverse Students, Routledge, →ISBN:

Kelly and the Konglish Accent Tag / Kelly, who usually posts videos about makeup and merch and has over 92,000 followers, took a departure from that genre one day to post a YouTube performance demonstrating her “English” and “Konglish” ...

2020, Betsy Rymes, How We Talk about Language: Exploring Citizen Sociolinguistics, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 80:

A more recent source is the accent tag challenge on YouTube.12 It started out as a linguistic data collection project but gained its own dynamics when more and more people uploaded videos on YouTube reading the given word list and ...

2021, Marcus Callies, Stefanie Hehner, Philipp Meer, Michael Westphal, Glocalising Teaching English as an International Language: New Perspectives for Teaching and Teacher Education in Germany, Routledge, →ISBN:

(Internet) A video uploaded to YouTube in which a speaker signifies bits of English dialectal language distinctive to their region.


Ijẹṣa

/ì.d͡ʒɛ̀.ʃà/

Originally from Ùjẹ̀ṣà, the term in the Ijesha dialect


Awori

Folk etymology started it comes from àwo (“plate”) + ti (“has”) + rì (“sink”), literally “The plate has sunk”.


abrucès

ca-noun

abrucès m (plural abrucesos, feminine abrucesa)

Abruzzian (native or inhabitant of Abruzzo) (male or of unspecified gender)


Ibunu

A Yoruba dialect spoken by the Ìbùnú people in the Okun dialectal cluster


Ijumu

A Yoruba dialect spoken by the Ìjùmú people in the Okun dialectal cluster


Iyagba

A Yoruba dialect spoken by the Ìyàgbà people, and is in the Okun dialectal cluster


Gbẹdẹ

A Yoruba dialect spoken by the Gbẹdẹ people, in the Okun dialectal cluster


Owe

A Yoruba subethnic group in Kogi State, Nigeria, specifically in the Yoruba town of Kàbbá


Mainespeak

And, insulated as they are by forty feet of epilimnion, lake trout—“togue” in Mainespeak—were nearly as prolific as they'd ever been. With the increase in angling pressure more landlocked salmon were being stocked, so, if anything, ...

2007, Ted Williams, Something's Fishy: An Angler's Look at Our Distressed Gamefish and Their Waters - And How We Can Preserve Both, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

Now you're ready for the rules of Mainespeak. 1. Words that end in “er” are pronounced “ah.” Mainer = Mainah. Car = Cah. Mother and Father = Muthah and Fathah. Water = Watah. You get the drift. 2. Conversely, words that end in “a” are ...

2015, George Beahm, The Stephen King Companion: Four Decades of Fear from the Master of Horror, St. Martin's Griffin, →ISBN, page 388:

"Where's your Mainespeak? Say chowder.” “Chowder,” Matthew said. “No, you're supposed to say, Chawdah.” “Speaking of—what's up with your accent?” “What's the national seashore north of Bangor and the town north of that?

2018, Brian Huey, Perpetual: Assassins, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 246:

(informal) The dialect of the U.S. state of Maine.


Ilajẹ

/ì.là.d͡ʒɛ̄/

A coastal dialect of the Yoruba language


Ibarapa

A Yoruba sub-ethnic group in southwestern Oyo State


Yewa

From Etymology 2, probably from iye (“mother”) + wa (“our”), literally “Our mother”

compound

The current name for the Ẹ̀gbádò, a Yoruba subethnic group in Ogun State, Nigeria


Snoqualmie

en-noun

Snoqualmie (plural Snoqualmie or Snoqualmies)

Snoqualmie (plural)
Snoqualmies (plural)

Anglicization of Lushootseed sdukʷalbixʷ (“people of the moon”), the autonym of the Snoqualmie people, a proper noun derived from Lushootseed sɬukʷalb (“moon”). In early maps of the Pacific Northwest, the indigenous etymon was anglicized as "Snoqualmoo", a spelling no longer used.

bor

A member of an indigenous Coast Salish people of North America native to the Snoqualmie and Skykomish river valleys of central Washington.


Akoko

A folk etymology states, à- (“nominalizing prefix”) + kókó (“reduplication of kó "to kidnap"”), literally “The ones who were kidnapped”; This is said to come from the fact that many Àkókó settlements were raided and the people kidnapped and sold into slavery during the warring periods of the 1700s and 1800s.

compound

The Akoko dialects of Yoruba, comprising of the western and eastern Akoko dialects and the Ào dialect.


Ẹyọ

The culture, people, language, and customs of historically the Àwórì subethnic group of the Yoruba, and now the Lagosians.

Any language that is not one's own native language


Noakhailla

A transliteration of Bengali নোয়াখাইল্লা (noakhailla), a dialectal variant of নোয়াখালীয়া (nōẇakhaliẏa), from নোয়াখালী (nōẇakhali) + -ইয়া (-iẏa).

der

নোয়াখাইল্লা

com

নোয়াখালী (nōẇakhali) + -ইয়া (-iẏa)

A dialect of Bengali (or an independent language akin to it) spoken in the Greater Noakhali region of south-eastern Bangladesh and some parts of the Indian state of Tripura.


Wiganese

"Reet. Wot fort do? I'm off wom.". No, we're not speaking a foreign language, although the bulk of readers could be forgiven for thinking so. Rather, for those in the know, it is of course a typical example of 'Wiganese' dialect, which has been brought to life by an Avanti West Coast-funded mural in the underpass of Wigan North Western station.

2022 January 12, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 948, page 70:

A dialect spoken by natives of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.


Ufẹ

→ Edo: Uhẹ

→ Arabic: يُوفِي (yūfī)

→ English: Yufi

Etymology is unknown, its existence as the first modern Yoruba civilization and kingdom, as well as its role in the Yoruba religion, thus makes it the center of many folk etymologies.
From u- + fẹ̀.
*The verb fẹ̀ is associated with several of these folk etymologies. One suggests it is related to the dialectal definition fẹ̀ (“to be successful, to be prosperous”), since Ufẹ̀ was regarded as an extremely successful and prosperous kingdom.
* Possibly relating to the meaning, fẹ̀ (“to widen”), explained by one of the many origin stories of the Ifẹ̀ kingdom.

(historical) the historic Ife Kingdom, regarded as the first major civilization of the Yoruba-speaking people, it was dominant from the 11th century to 16th century AD. It was known for its extensive wealth, cultural and religious heritage, and trade.

Ùláá l'àkọ̀bí Oòduà ké e l'Úfẹ̀ ― The people of Ìlárá-Mọ̀kín are the first born of Oduduwa from Ife (oríkì of the town of Ìlárá-Mọ̀kín)

(chiefly CY) Ifẹ̀ subgroup of the Yoruba people


Ibọlọ

A dialect of the Yoruba language spoken by the Ìbọ̀lọ́ people


Owu

Most folk etymologies believe it derives from òwú (“cotton”)

A Yoruba subethnic group historically living in several towns within the vicinity of the Ọ̀yọ́ empire, they now mainly live in the town of Abẹ́òkúta in Ògùn State, Nigeria. While they are often regarded as the Ẹ̀gbá Òwu, they are distinct from the Ẹ̀gbá people.


நெல்லை தமிழ்

ta-noun

நெல்லை தமிழ் • (nellai tamiḻ)

/n̪ɛllɐɪ̯ t̪ɐmɪɻ/

one of the dialects of Tamil spoken in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tenkasi and Thoothukudi and over the vast area of south Tamil Nadu.


மெட்ராஸ் பாஷை

மெட்ராஸ் பாஷை • (meṭrās pāṣai)

/mɛʈɾaːs paːʂɐɪ̯/

From மெட்ராஸ் (meṭrās, “Madras”) and பாஷை (pāṣai).

a pidgin language or a dialect of Tamil language influenced by Indian English, Telugu, Malayalam, Burmese and Hindustani. It is spoken in the city of Chennai, previously known as Madras.


யாழ்ப்பாண தமிழ்

யாழ்ப்பாண தமிழ் • (yāḻppāṇa tamiḻ)

/jaːɻpːaːɳɐ t̪ɐmɪɻ/

From யாழ்ப்பாணம் (yāḻppāṇam, “Jaffna”) and தமிழ் (tamiḻ).

a Tamil dialect native to Jaffna and is the primary dialect used in northern Sri Lanka.


staronowogrodzki

pl-adj

staronowogrodzki (not comparable, no derived adverb)

staronowogrodzki (masculine nominative singular)
staronowogrodzka (feminine nominative singular)
staronowogrodzkie (neuter nominative singular)
staronowogrodzcy (nominative plural virile)
staronowogrodzkie (nominative plural)
staronowogrodzkiego (genitive masculine singular)
staronowogrodzkiej (feminine genitive singular)
staronowogrodzkiego (genitive neuter singular)
staronowogrodzkich (genitive plural)
staronowogrodzkich (genitive plural virile)
staronowogrodzkiemu (dative masculine singular)
staronowogrodzkiej (dative feminine singular)
staronowogrodzkiemu (dative neuter singular)
staronowogrodzkim (dative plural)
staronowogrodzkim (dative plural virile)
staronowogrodzkiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
staronowogrodzki (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
staronowogrodzką (accusative feminine singular)
staronowogrodzkie (accusative neuter singular)
staronowogrodzkich (accusative plural virile)
staronowogrodzkie (accusative plural)
staronowogrodzkim (instrumental masculine singular)
staronowogrodzką (feminine instrumental singular)
staronowogrodzkim (instrumental neuter singular)
staronowogrodzkimi (instrumental plural)
staronowogrodzkimi (instrumental plural virile)
staronowogrodzkim (locative masculine singular)
staronowogrodzkiej (feminine locative singular)
staronowogrodzkim (locative neuter singular)
staronowogrodzkich (locative plural)
staronowogrodzkich (locative plural virile)


trøndsk

trøndsk (indefinite singular)
trøndske (definite plural singular)

From Old Norse þrǿnzkr, from þróndr (“one of the Thronds”).

Throndish, Throwendish (of, from or pertaining to Trøndelag)


Jaffna Tamil

From Jaffna (borrowed from Tamil யாழ்ப்பாணம் (yāḻppāṇam)) and Tamil (borrowed from Tamil தமிழ் (tamiḻ)).


fragatí

ca-adj

fragatí (feminine fragatina, masculine plural fragatins, feminine plural fragatines)

fragatina (feminine)
fragatins (masculine plural)
fragatines (feminine plural)

of, from or relating to Fraga (small town in the comarca of Bajo Cinca in Huesca, Aragon)


solleric

ca-noun

solleric m (plural sollerics, feminine sollerica)

native or inhabitant of Sóller (male or of unspecified gender)


Nambé

From Spanish Nambé (“Nambé”), from Tewa Nąngbeʼe (“rounded earth”).

A federally recognized tribe of Tewa-speaking Pueblo people in Santa Fe County, New Mexico.


vossamål

[²ʋɞ̞s.sɐ̞.mɐ̞oˑl]


vefsnmål

vefsnmålet (definite singular)
vefsnmål (indefinite plural)
vefsnmåla (definite plural)


hardingmål

/²haːrɪŋmɔːɽ/

From harding (“someone from Hardanger”) + mål (“language”).


lågtysk

From låg + tysk, compare Faroese lágtýskt, Icelandic lágþýska and Swedish lågtyska.


Bermudian English

The dialect of English spoken on the island of Bermuda.


panotxo

ca-adj

panotxo (feminine panotxa, masculine plural panotxos, feminine plural panotxes)

panotxa (feminine)
panotxos (masculine plural)
panotxes (feminine plural)

of, from or relating to Huerta de Murcia (comarca in central Murcia, Spain)


panotxo

ca-noun

panotxo m (plural panotxos, feminine panotxa)

native or inhabitant of Huerta de Murcia (comarca in central Murcia, Spain) (male or of unspecified gender)


panotxo

the variety of Murcian spoken in the Huerta de Murcia and adjacent areas


Tayabas Tagalog

Also known as Tayabasin, a Tagalog dialect primarily spoken in Quezon.


Tayabasin

Tayabasin (Tagalog dialect spoken in Quezon province)


Black British

en-noun

Black British (countable and uncountable, plural Black British)

Bloom’s Black British dialect is a technical and rhythmic innovation. It is a self conscious attempt to subvert the traditional language of poetry and insist on a merciless difference.

1991, Maggie Humm, Border Traffic: Strategies of Contemporary Women Writers, page 59:

By the time that awareness had been raised in educational circles, the ability to code-switch between the local British dialect and Black British English was widespread; the distinctively Black British variety which was emerging among second-generation children was essentially a marker of identity.

2007, Viv Edwards, Multilingualism in the English-Speaking World : Pedigree of Nations, page 126:

(uncountable) A variety of English language spoken by or associated with Black people in Britain.


Monegaskies

Monégasque (Ligurian dialect spoken in Monaco)


Moldowies

Moldovan (Romanian dialect spoken in Moldova)


Switsers

Inherited from Dutch Zwitsers, equivalent to Switser + -s.

(nonstanard) Swiss, Swiss German (Alemannic dialect spoken in Switzerland)


američtina

američtina (nominative singular)
američtiny (nominative plural)
američtiny (genitive singular)
američtin (genitive plural)
američtině (dative singular)
američtinám (dative plural)
američtinu (accusative singular)
američtiny (accusative plural)
američtino (singular vocative)
američtiny (plural vocative)
američtině (locative singular)
američtinách (locative plural)
američtinou (instrumental singular)
američtinami (instrumental plural)


ამერიკული ინგლისური

ka-proper noun

ამერიკული ინგლისური • (ameriḳuli inglisuri)

ამე‧რი‧კუ‧ლი


ბრიტანული ინგლისური

ბრიტანული ინგლისური • (briṭanuli inglisuri)

ბრი‧ტა‧ნუ‧ლი


კანადური ინგლისური

კანადური ინგლისური • (ḳanaduri inglisuri)


ახალზელანდიური ინგლისური

ახალზელანდიური ინგლისური • (axalzelandiuri inglisuri)

ახალ‧ზე‧ლან‧დი‧უ‧რი

en-ახალზელანდიური_ინგლისური-ka-name-7h-CASAI


ავსტრალიური ინგლისური

ავსტრალიური ინგლისური • (avsṭraliuri inglisuri)

ავ‧სტრა‧ლი‧უ‧რი

en-ავსტრალიური_ინგლისური-ka-name-GwUmn1rN


შოტლანდიური ინგლისური

შოტლანდიური ინგლისური • (šoṭlandiuri inglisuri)

შოტ‧ლან‧დი‧უ‧რი

en-შოტლანდიური_ინგლისური-ka-name-bg9PCvFl


Taiwannees

af-adj

Taiwannees (attributive Taiwannese, not comparable)

Taiwanese (of, from, or pertaining to the country of Taiwan, the island of Taiwan, the Taiwanese people or the Taiwanese language)


Taiwannees

head

Taiwannees (plural Taiwannese, diminutive Taiwannesie)

Taiwannese (plural)
Taiwannesie (diminutive)

Taiwanese (person from Taiwan or of Taiwanese descent)


Taiwannees

Taiwanese (Hokkien dialect spoken in Taiwan)


isthintinesu

Isthintini (“Stintino”) + -esu (“-ese, of a particular place”)

af

the dialect of the Sassarese language spoken in the area of Stintino