tiếng Việt

[tiəŋ˧˦ viət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˧˥ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˥ viək̚˨˩˨]

[tiəŋ˦˥ jiək̚˨˩˨]

tiếng (“language”) + Việt (“Vietnam; Vietnamese”).

com

Tiếng Việt không dấu khó đọc quá.

Vietnamese without diacritics is so hard to read.

'Cái khó nhất đối với tôi trong tiếng Việt là không biết xưng hô thế nào cho đúng. Tôi nghĩ rằng để giỏi tiếng Việt cần phải thực hành giao tiếp thường xuyên với người Việt.'

2017 May 19, Đ. Tuấn, “Hội thảo 'Giữ gìn, bảo vệ ngôn ngữ và văn hóa Việt' tại Pháp [A workshop on 'Maintaining, preserving the Vietnamese language and culture' in France]”, in Nhân Dân, Communist Party of Vietnam, retrieved 2019-04-02:

'The hardest part of Vietnamese to me is not knowing how to address people correctly. I think to be skilled in Vietnamese, you have to stay in regular contact with Vietnamese people.'

Mai học toán và tiếng Việt.

I'll be having math and Vietnamese tomorrow.

(primary education, as a subject) Vietnamese


chữ Nôm

head

chữ Nôm • (字喃, 𡨸喃, 𡦂喃)

vi-noun

chữ Nôm • (字喃, 𡨸喃, 𡦂喃)

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ nom˧˧]

[cɨ˨˩˦ nom˧˧]

chữ (“character”) + Nôm, literally "the southern characters" wherein "southern" refers to Vietnam as opposed to northern which is China.

(writing) a historical writing system derived from Chinese characters that was once used to write Vietnamese


Sino-Vietnamese

Pertaining to the Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language.

漢越 /汉越

pertaining to the Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language


Sino-Vietnamese

The Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language.

漢越詞 /汉越词

the Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language


văn

(education) Clipping of ngữ văn (“secondary Vietnamese”).

văn nói

văn viết


字喃

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

Chu Nom (writing system of Vietnam, based on Chinese characters)


字喃

Nôm form of chữ Nôm (“Chu Nom; former writing system of Vietnam, based on Chinese characters”).


國音

(historical) chữ Hán form of Quốc âm (“Chu Nom; former writing system of Vietnam, based on Chinese characters”).


thanh ngang

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ ŋaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ŋaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰan˧˧ ŋaːŋ˧˧]

thanh (“tone”) + ngang (“level; horizontal”).

com

(phonetics) the “level” tone, one of the six tones in the Vietnamese language, unmarked in the orthography


thanh hỏi

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ hɔj˧˩]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ hɔj˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ hɔj˨˩˦]

(phonetics) the “mid-falling” tone, one of the six tones in the Vietnamese language, marked by the diacritic dấu hỏi (hook above)


thanh nặng

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ naŋ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ naŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰan˧˧ naŋ˨˩˨]

(phonetics) the “heavy” tone, one of the six tones in the Vietnamese language, marked by the diacritic dấu nặng (dot below)


thanh huyền

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ hwiəŋ˦˩]

[tʰan˧˧ wiəŋ˨˩]

(phonetics) the “falling” tone, one of the six tones in the Vietnamese language, marked by the diacritic dấu huyền (grave accent)


thanh ngã

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]

thanh (“tone”) + ngã (“to fall; to tumble”). The word ngã literally refers to a person's tripping or collapsing, not the "fall" in pitch of a phonetic "falling" tone contour.

(phonetics) the “broken rising tone” that occurs in the word ngã as a distinctive tone contour in Northern Vietnamese, phonetically marked by a rise in pitch interrupted by a glottal closure, and orthographically marked by the dấu ngã (“tilde”) above a vowel letter


thanh sắc

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ sak̚˧˦]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ sak̚˦˧˥]

[tʰan˧˧ ʂak̚˦˥]

(phonetics) the “high rising” tone, one of the six tones in the Vietnamese language, marked by the diacritic dấu sắc (acute accent)


Việt ngữ

[viət̚˧˨ʔ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ ŋɨ˧˨]

[viək̚˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

SBS Radio Vietnamese, Australia
Quý vị đang nghe chương trình Việt ngữ của SBS Radio […]
You are listening to the Vietnamese-language program of SBS Radio […]

GS […] hiện giảng dạy Ngôn Ngữ học và Việt ngữ tại University of California, Irvine và tiếng Tây Ban Nha tại một số đại học khác trong vùng Orange County. Ông cộng tác với Ban Đại Diện Các Trung Tâm Việt Ngữ Nam California từ năm 2003 đến nay, góp phần trong các khóa huấn luyện và tu nghiệp sư phạm hàng năm dành cho các thầy cô dạy Việt ngữ ở California và các tiểu bang khác ở Hoa Kỳ.

2018 February 2, “Tiếng Việt Dấu Yêu (Kỳ 310)”, in Người Việt:

Prof. […] currently teaches linguistics and the Vietnamese language at the University of California, Irvine, and teaches Spanish in several other universities within the Orange County area. He has worked with the Association of the Vietnamese Language and Culture Schools of Southern California since 2003, contributing to the annual training courses and teacher training for the Vietnamese-language teachers in California and other states of America.

(dated or Overseas Vietnamese, formal) Vietnamese (language)


喃字

/nän³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/


chu nom

Chữ nôm was known only by the 5 percent or less of Vietnam's educated population, who used it not as a primary medium but rather as an aid to learning Chinese and for recording folk literature.

1997, Wm. C. Hannas, Asia's Orthographic Dilemma, page 83:

To write a vernacular word, Chu Nom used two Chinese ideograms—one to indicate the meaning, the other the sound.

1998, Kevin Bowen, Ba Chung Nguyen, Bruce Weigl, editors, Mountain River, page xxiv:

[P]olitical reforms along Western lines […] included […] developing modern science, agriculture, and commerce, and even creating a national writing system based on chu nom: ‘Have we not talented persons able to devise a script which will transcribe our national language?’

2016, Christopher Goscha, The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam, Penguin, published 2017, page 106:

(historical) A writing system formerly used for Vietnamese, based on Chinese characters.


國語字

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ jyː¹³ t͡siː²²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ jyː¹³ t͡siː²²/


銳聲

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the sắc ("sharp") tone of Vietnamese


重聲

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴¹⁻²² siã³³/

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴¹⁻²² siã³³/

/taŋ²²⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ siã⁴⁴/

(phonetics) the nặng ("heavy") tone of Vietnamese


玄聲

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the huyền ("deep") tone of Vietnamese


跌聲

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the ngã ("tumbling") tone of Vietnamese


橫聲

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(phonetics) the ngang ("level") tone of Vietnamese


tiếng Việt Nam

[tiəŋ˧˦ viət̚˧˨ʔ naːm˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˧˥ viək̚˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˥ viək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˥ jiək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧]

tiếng (“language”) + Việt Nam (“Vietnam”)

compound

Về pronom personnel, chữ Hán cũng lôi thôi như tiếng Việt Nam ta, nghĩa là những tiếng dùng mà xưng mình hay xưng người không có nhứt luật như tiếng Pháp.

1932 September 15, Phan Khôi, “Hán văn độc tu: Bài học thứ năm [Self-taught Chinese: Lesson five]”, in Phụ nữ tân văn, number 168, Saigon:

Regarding personal pronouns, Chinese characters are as messy as our Vietnamese, that is, the words for referring to oneself or others are not comprehensive like in French.

Làm tại Genève ngày 20 tháng 7 năm 1954, lúc 24 giờ bằng tiếng Pháp và tiếng Việt-nam cả hai bản đều có giá trị như nhau.

1954 July 20, Hiệp định đình chỉ chiến sự ở Việt Nam [Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Viet-Nam]:

Done in Geneva at 2400 hours on the 20th of July 1954 in French and in Viet-Namese, both texts being equally authentic.

Anh đã được giảng sử nước nhà bằng tiếng Việt Nam, một cách đường hoàng, không phải dè dặt, quanh co.

1961, Nguyễn Huy Tưởng, Sống mãi với Thủ Đô [Living for a long time in the Capital]:

He received a lecture on the history of the country in Vietnamese, in a dignified manner, holding nothing back, and full of turns.

Làm tại Pa-ri ngày hai mươi bảy tháng giêng năm một nghìn chín trăm bảy mươi ba, bằng tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt Nam. Bản tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt Nam đều là những văn bản chính thức và có giá trị như nhau.

1973 January 27, Hiệp định chấm dứt chiến tranh, lập lại hòa bình ở Việt Nam:

Done in Paris in the twenty-seventh of January, nineteen seventy-three, in English and Vietnamese. The English and Vietnamese texts are official and equally authentic.

Công cụ độc nhất cho phép thực hiện điều đó là ngôn ngữ, vì con người tư duy bằng ngôn ngữ, vì người Việt Nam tư duy, xúc động bằng tiếng Việt Nam. Tiếng Việt thời chiến là di sản của cha anh để lại cho thế hệ người Việt hôm nay.

1996, Phan Huy Đường, “Gió dại, chữ nghĩa và văn chương [Weeds, the meanings of words, and literature (September 1993)]”, in Vậy gọi nhau làm người, TheBookEdition, →ISBN, page 223:

The only tool for carrying that out is language, for people think in language and Vietnamese people think in and are affected by Vietnamese. Wartime Vietnamese is a legacy handed down by our elders to today's generation of Vietnamese.

Chúng tôi là những người nói tiếng Việt Nam và con em của chúng tôi đang học tiếng Anh.

2010 November 8, “Application for MATCH Community Day Charter Public School”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Boston: MATCH Community Day Charter Public School, archived from the original on 2021-02-14, page 172:

We are Vietnamese speakers and our children are learning English.

Muốn biết tin tức bằng tiếng Việt Nam về tờ thông tin này, xin quý vị liên lạc…

2016, “Community Meeting Invitation File No. H15-047”, in City of San José, San Jose, California:

For information in Vietnamese about this flyer, please contact…

(dated or Overseas Vietnamese) Vietnamese language


𡨸喃

Nôm form of chữ Nôm (“Southern character”).


quoc ngu

Promoters of quoc ngu were Vietnamese intellectuals who were either collaborators or anticolonial revolutionaries.

2003, Thaveeporn Vasavakul, edited by Brown & Ganguly, Fighting Words, page 223:

Students studied French and quoc ngu. Most (not all) agreed that Chinese characters no longer sufficed.

2016, Christopher Goscha, The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam, Penguin, published 2017, page 107:

The romanized writing system used to write Vietnamese.


tiếng Kinh

[tiəŋ˧˦ kïŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˧˥ kɨn˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˥ kɨn˧˧]

(used in relation to the other minority languages of Vietnam) Vietnamese language


漢喃

/xän⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ naːm²¹/

/xän⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ naːm²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Vietnamese 漢喃.


ngữ văn

[ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ van˧˧]

[ŋɨ˧˨ vaŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨ˨˩˦ vaŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨ˨˩˦ jaŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 語文, composed of 語 (“language”) and 文 (“literature”).

vi-etym-sino

(secondary education, as a subject) Vietnamese


𡦂喃

Nôm form of chữ Nôm (“historical Chinese character-based script for Vietnamese”).


giải âm

[zaːj˧˩ ʔəm˧˧]

[jaːj˧˨ ʔəm˧˧]

[jaːj˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 解 (“to explain”) and 音 (“sound”).

(historical, translation) a historical category of texts aim to "explaining the sounds" of works written in Literary Chinese


chữ kép

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kɛp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kɛp̚˦˧˥]

[cɨ˨˩˦ kɛp̚˦˥]

chữ (“character”) + kép (“compound, double”).

com

Chỉ nam ngọc âm giải nghĩa (指南玉音解義)
本初𫜵喃車宁甲
㝵少學坤別坤𫀅
Vốn xưa làm Nôm xe chữ kép,Người thiếu học khôn biết khôn xem.
Back then, when composing Nôm works, there were many double characters,Causing much inconvenience to those who were not well-learned.

(historical, writing) compound phonograms, a category of Nôm characters where each character is composed of two components that are both phonetics; these characters were more popular in the earlier Nôm texts, representing words with initial cluster or presyllable, but their usage persists to some extent even after phonological changes had rendered the phonetics obscure


dấu nháy

[zəw˧˦ ɲaj˧˦]

[jəw˨˩˦ ɲaj˨˩˦]

(writing, linguistics) the 𖿱, a small diacritic (or signifier) placed to the right of a phonogram in a Nôm text, chiefly to indicate that this character should not be read with its Sino-Vietnamese value, and can also function as iteration mark; like other diacritical marks/signifiers in other Sino-Xenic languages, such as Japanese ゛, its pre-modern usage was very inconsistent


dấu cá

[zəw˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[jəw˨˩˦ kaː˨˩˦]

[jəw˦˥ kaː˦˥]

dấu + cá (cá refers to the reading of 亇 or 个).

(writing, linguistics) the 𖿰, a signifier commonly placed to the right of a phonogram in a Nôm text, indicates that this character should not be read with its Sino-Vietnamese reading or should be read with an alternative reading.


chữ đơn

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[cɨ˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

(historical, writing) simplified characters