presidente

ceb-noun

presidente (Badlit spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish presidente, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”) (accusative: praesidentem).


presidente

it-noun

presidente m or f by sense (plural presidenti, feminine presidentessa)

presidenti (plural)
presidentessa (feminine)


presidente

pt-noun

presidente m or f by sense (plural presidentes, feminine presidente or presidenta, feminine plural presidentes or presidentas)

presidentes (plural)
presidente (feminine)
presidenta (feminine)
presidentes (feminine plural)
presidentas (feminine plural)

Macanese: pisidénte

→ Tetum: prezidente

From Latin praesidentem (“presiding over; president, leader”) (accusative: praesidentem).


presidente

es-noun

presidente m (plural presidentes, feminine presidenta, feminine plural presidentas)

presidentes (plural)
presidenta (feminine)
presidentas (feminine plural)

From Latin praesidentem (“presiding over; president, leader”) (accusative: praesidentem). Doublet of president.
From presid- + -ente.


president

From Old French president, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”) (accusative: praesidentem). The Latin word is the substantivized present active participle of the verb praesideō (“preside over”). The verb is composed from prae (“before”) and sedeō (“sit”). The original meaning of the verb is 'to sit before' in the sense of presiding at a meeting. A secondary meaning of the verb is 'to command, to govern'. So praesidēns means 'the presiding one on a meeting' or 'governor, commander'.

Well, nobody else can make a decision but me because I was the President and the final decision comes to the President, you know. I used to have a sign on my desk that said, "The Buck Stops Here." The buck stops at the president's desk when he's president of the United States, and he either makes the decisions or he lets them go by default, and you can't afford to do that when you're president.

1965, Harry S. Truman, 0:20 from the start, in MP2002-401 Former President Truman Discusses "The Buck Stops Here", Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:

[…] to change the pattern of the last 220 years of only voting for a white male president, and elect a woman president […]

2007, Benjamin Camins, Hillary Is the Best Choice, Page 144

The vast majority of presidents have been male.

глава́ госуда́рства m or f (glavá gosudárstva, literally “head of state”)

སྲིད་འཛིན (srid 'dzin, literally “dominion-holder”)

In presidential republics, the head of government and head of state.

Primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.


president

→ Spanish: president

Learned borrowing from Latin praesidēns, prasedientem (“presiding over; president, leader”).


president

nl-noun

president m (plural presidenten, diminutive presidentje n)

presidenten (plural)
presidentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: president

→ Caribbean Javanese: présidhèn

→ Indonesian: presiden

→ Papiamentu: presidènt


president

presidenten (definite singular)
presidenter (indefinite plural)
presidentene (definite plural)


president

presidenten (definite singular)
presidentar (indefinite plural)
presidentane (definite plural)


president

president (indefinite nominative singular)
presidents (genitive indefinite singular)
presidenten (definite nominative singular)
presidentens (definite genitive singular)
presidenter (indefinite nominative plural)
presidenters (genitive indefinite plural)
presidenterna (definite nominative plural)
presidenternas (definite genitive plural)

a president, head of state in a republic


mikado

en-noun

mikado (countable and uncountable, plural mikados)

Borrowed from Japanese 御門 (mikado), from 御 (mi, “honorable”) + 門 (kado, “gate, portal”).

com

A game of skill, in which identically shaped (but differently colored and valued) wooden sticks must be removed from a pile without disturbing the remaining stack.


mikado

nl-noun

mikado m (plural mikado's, diminutive mikadootje n)

mikado's (plural)
mikadootje (diminutive neuter)


king

Tok Pisin: king

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: K@Shoulder K@Abdomen

→ Burmese: ကင် (kang)

→ Isubu: kinge

→ Japanese: キング (kingu)

→ Korean: 킹 (king)

→ Maori: kingi

→ Marshallese: kiin̄

→ Thai: คิง (king)

From Middle English king, kyng, from Old English cyng, cyning (“king”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, *kunungaz (“king”), equivalent to kin + -ing. Doublet of cyning and knez. Cognate with Scots keeng (“king”), North Frisian köning (“king”), West Frisian kening (“king”), Dutch koning (“king”), Low German Koning, Köning (“king”), German König (“king”), Danish konge (“king”), Norwegian konge, Swedish konung, kung (“king”), Icelandic konungur, kóngur (“king”), Polish ksiądz (“priest”), Russian князь (knjazʹ, “prince”), Old Church Slavonic кънѧѕь (kŭnędzĭ), Romanian chinez, Finnish kuningas (“king”), Estonian kuningas, Ingrian kunigas, Karelian kuninkas, Livvi kuńingas, Ludian kuńingas, Veps kuningaz, Võro kuning and Votic kunikaz. Eclipsed non-native Middle English roy (“king”) (Early Modern English roy), borrowed from Old French roi, rei, rai (“king”).
The verb is inherited from Middle English kyngen, *kingen (“To perform the duties of a king”), itself from the noun king, kyng.

Audio — the king

акрал

a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation

in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king

Henry VIII was the king of England from 1509 to 1547.

A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation.


king

en-verb

king (third-person singular simple present kings, present participle kinging, simple past and past participle kinged)

kings (present singular third-person)
kinging (participle present)
kinged (participle past)
kinged (past)

Audio — the king

The seating arrangement of the temple was the Almanach de Gotha of Congregation Emanu-el. Old Ben Reitman, patriarch among the Jewish settlers of Winnebago, who had come over an immigrant youth, and who now owned hundreds of rich farm acres, besides houses, mills and banks, kinged it from the front seat of the center section.

1917, Edna Ferber, Fanny Herself, page 32:

To assume or pretend preeminence (over); to lord it over.

If the machine does this, it will lose only one point, and as it is not looking far enough ahead, it cannot see that it has not prevented its opponent from kinging but only postponed the evil day.

1957, Bertram Vivian Bowden, editor, Faster Than Thought: A Symposium on Digital Computing Machines, page 302:

I was about to make a move that would corner a piece that she was trying to get kinged, but I slid my checker back[…].

1986, Rick DeMarinis, The Burning Women of Far Cry, page 100:

To promote a piece of draughts/checkers that has traversed the board to the opposite side, that piece subsequently being permitted to move backwards as well as forwards.

Through the ex-centric diaspora, kinging in postcolonial Australia has become a site of critical hybridity where diasporic female masculinities have emerged through the contestations of "home" and "host" cultures.

2008, Audrey Yue, “King Victoria: Asian Drag Kings, Postcolonial Female Masculinity, and Hybrid Sexuality in Australia”, in Fran Martin, Peter Jackson, Audrey Yue, Mark McLelland, editors, AsiaPacifQueer: Rethinking Genders and Sexualities, page 266:


king

head

king (nominative plural kinges, also the early forms kingas or kingæs)

kinges (nominative plural)
the early forms kingas (also)
kingæs (also)

English: king (see there for further descendants)

Scots: keeng, king

Yola: kinge, king

Inherited from the Old English cyning, from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. The forms kug (attested in the compounds kugdom, kuglond, and kugriche) and gug (attested in the compound guglond) show the influence of the Old Norse konungr, whence they borrow their root vowel. The early forms featuring syncope (chinge, chinȝ, cing, and cinȝ) may have long ī.


queen

Tok Pisin: kwin

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown

→ Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)

→ German: Queen

→ Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)

→ Korean: 퀸 (kwin)

→ Marshallese: kwiin

→ Sikaiana: kuini

→ Spanish: cuina

→ Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

gloss

"wife"; > Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">quene</i> (“elderly woman”)

cog

Holonym: royal family

But our mercifull Queene Elizabeth hath not burned the popiſh prieſtes on the alters where they committed idolatrie in ſaying of Maſſe, and worſhipped a piece of breade for the bodie of Chriſte (which ſhee might haue done if ſhee would) and yet you count not her for a godly and mercifull Queene.

1582, Thomas Lupton, The Christian Against the Jesuite, London, retrieved 2022-01-14, page 50v:

In 1952, at the last accession, there were only eight members of the new entity taking shape in the outline of the British Empire. The Queen was the head of state in seven of them, and she was proclaimed Head of the Commonwealth to accommodate India’s lone status as a republic.

2017 March 17, Sam Knight, “‘London Bridge Is Down’: The Secret Plan for the Days After the Queen’s Death”, in The Guardian, London, retrieved 2022-01-16:

[…] and yet I will not ſay but amongſt duſt there is Pearle found, and in hard rockes Dyamonds of great value, and ſo amongſt many women there are ſome good, as that gracious and glorious Queene of all woman kinde the Virgin Mary the mother of al bliſſe, what wun her honour, but an humble minde and her paines and loue vnto our Sauiour Chriſt.

1620, Thomas Tell-Troth [pseudonym of Joseph Swetnam], The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanitie of Them, Choose You Whether, London, published 1807, retrieved 2022-01-14:

A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).


car

car (nominative singular)
carové (nominative plural)
cara (genitive singular)
carů (genitive plural)
carovi (dative singular)
caru (dative singular)
carům (dative plural)
cara (accusative singular)
cary (accusative plural)
care (singular vocative)
carové (plural vocative)
carovi (locative singular)
caru (locative singular)
carech (locative plural)
carem (instrumental singular)
cary (instrumental plural)

From Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.


car

car (nominative singular)
carowie (nominative plural)
cary (derogatory nominative plural)
cara (genitive singular)
carów (genitive plural)
carowi (dative singular)
carom (dative plural)
cara (accusative singular)
carów (accusative plural)
carem (instrumental singular)
carami (instrumental plural)
carze (locative singular)
carach (locative plural)
carze (singular vocative)
carowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ). Doublet of cesarz, cezar, and kajzer.

(historical) czar, tsar, tzar (title of the former emperors of Russia)


car

cȁr (canonical masculine)
ца̏р (Cyrillic)
cȁr (nominative singular)
cȁrevi (nominative plural)
cȁra (genitive singular)
cȁrēvā (genitive plural)
cȁru (dative singular)
cȁrevima (dative plural)
cȁra (accusative singular)
cȁreve (accusative plural)
cȁre (singular vocative)
cȁru (rare singular vocative)
cȁrevi (plural vocative)
cȁru (locative singular)
cȁrevima (locative plural)
cȁrem (instrumental singular)
cȁrevima (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, *cьsarь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

Podajte caru carevo, a Bogu Božje.

Give the Emperor what belongs to the Emperor and God what belongs to God.

Bijaše jedan car, i imađaše tri sina i tri ćerke.

1971, Branko B. Radičević, Baš-Čelik, Belgrade, page 1:

There once was a tsar and he had three daughters and three sons.


car

sl-noun

cār m anim (female equivalent caríca or cārinja)

cār (animate canonical masculine)
caríca (feminine)
cārinja (feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
cár (nominative singular)
cárja (dual nominative)
cárji (nominative plural)
cárja (genitive singular)
cárjev (dual genitive)
cárjev (genitive plural)
cárju (dative singular)
cárjema (dative dual)
cárjem (dative plural)
cár (accusative singular)
cárja (accusative dual)
cárje (accusative plural)
cárju (locative singular)
cárjih (dual locative)
cárjih (locative plural)
cárjem (instrumental singular)
cárjema (dual instrumental)
cárji (instrumental plural)

From Serbo-Croatian cȁr, from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.


regina

Inherited from Latin rēgīna; cognate with Spanish reina.


regina

la-noun

rēgīna f (genitive rēgīnae, masculine rēx); first declension

rēgīna (canonical feminine)
rēgīnae (genitive)
rēx (masculine)
rēgīna (nominative singular)
rēgīnae (nominative plural)
rēgīnae (genitive singular)
rēgīnārum (genitive plural)
rēgīnae (dative singular)
rēgīnīs (dative plural)
rēgīnam (accusative singular)
rēgīnās (accusative plural)
rēgīnā (ablative singular)
rēgīnīs (ablative plural)
rēgīna (singular vocative)
rēgīnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: reina

Franco-Provençal: rêna

Friulian: reìne

Italian: regina

Maltese: reġina

Neapolitan: riggina

desctree

Old French: royne
French: reine
Norman: royne, ranne, reine
Walloon: royinne
→ Old East Slavic: ръ́ина (rŭ́ina)

Old Galician-Portuguese: reinha, reỹa, reynna, reýña, reyña, rreýña, rreyña, rainha, raynna, raỹa, rayña
Galician: raíña
Portuguese: rainha

Old Occitan: reina
Occitan: reina

Old Spanish: reyna
Spanish: reina (see there for further descendants)

Romansch: regina, rigegna, raïna

Sardinian: reina, arreina

desc

Sicilian: rijina (obsolete), riggina (influenced by Italian)

Venetan: rexina

Walloon: royinne

→ Basque: erregina

→ English: Regina, regina

→ Interlingua: regina

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: regina

→ Romanian: regină

→ Translingual: Regina

Inherited from Proto-Italic *rēgīnā, see there for more. A feminine counterpart to rēx, rēgis (“king”).


re

→ Maltese: re

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
Italian re
Inherited from Latin rēx, via the nominative singular, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”). Doublet of rege, which was borrowed from Latin via the accusative rēgem.

inh

(figurative) king, magnate (man who excels in something)


sovereign

en-adj

sovereign (comparative more sovereign, superlative most sovereign)

more sovereign (comparative)
most sovereign (superlative)

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.

We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.

1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.


sovereign

→ Irish: sabhran

→ Russian: соверен (soveren)

→ Scottish Gaelic: sòbharan

→ Welsh: sofren

souverain

one who is not a subject to a ruler or nation

The petty ſtreames that paie a dailie det
 To their ſalt ſoveraigne with their freſh fals haſt,
 Adde to his flowe, but alter not his taſt.

1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC:

Is this the Region, this the Soil, the Clime,
 Said then the lost Archangel, this the seat
 That we must change for Heaven?, this mournful gloom
 For that celestial light? Be it so, since hee
 Who now is Sovran can dispose and bid
 What shall be right : fardest from him is best
 Whom reason hath equald, force hath made supream
 Above his equals. […]

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 242-249:

No question is to be made but that the bed of the Missisippi^([sic]) belongs to the sovereign, that is, to the nation.

1785, Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia:

en:coin with nominal value of one pound sterling

A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.

No, someone who wears loads of sovereigns as well loads of gold and has uh a curly perm and peroxide blonde hair, orange, orange sunbed skin and a fringe like this blow-dried to death, that’s a ‘scally’.

2004, December 11, "Birkenhead, Merseyside" BBC Voices recording (0:06:52)

No visible tattoos, sovereigns, mismatched jewellery, scrunchies, large clips or hoop earrings.

2011 July 1, Caroline Davies, “Harrods 'ladies' code' drives out sales assistant”, in The Guardian:

(UK, slang) A large, garish ring; a sovereign ring.


kral

From Ottoman Turkish قرال (kral), from a South Slavic language. Ultimately from Old High German Karl, name of the Frankish ruler Charlemagne.


kral

kral (nominative singular)
krala (dual nominative)
krale (nominative plural)
krala (genitive singular)
kralowu (dual genitive)
kralow (genitive plural)
kraloju (dative singular)
kraloma (dative dual)
kralam (dative plural)
krala (accusative singular)
kralowu (accusative dual)
krale (accusative plural)
kralow (accusative plural)
kralom (instrumental singular)
kraloma (dual instrumental)
kralami (instrumental plural)
kralu (locative singular)
kraloma (dual locative)
kralach (locative plural)

Borrowed from Czech král, from Proto-Slavic *korľь. Displaced native form krol.


kral

head

kral (definite accusative kralı, plural krallar)

kralı (accusative definite)
krallar (plural)
kral (nominative singular)
krallar (nominative plural)
kralı (accusative definite singular)
kralları (accusative definite plural)
krala (dative singular)
krallara (dative plural)
kralda (locative singular)
krallarda (locative plural)
kraldan (ablative singular)
krallardan (ablative plural)
kralın (genitive singular)
kralların (genitive plural)
kralım (first-person nominative singular)
krallarım (first-person nominative singular)
kralın (nominative second-person singular)
kralların (nominative second-person singular)
kralı (nominative singular third-person)
kralları (nominative singular third-person)
kralımız (first-person nominative plural)
krallarımız (first-person nominative plural)
kralınız (nominative plural second-person)
krallarınız (nominative plural second-person)
kralları (nominative plural third-person)
kralımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
krallarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
kralını (accusative definite second-person singular)
krallarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
kralını (accusative definite singular third-person)
krallarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
kralımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
krallarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
kralınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
krallarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
krallarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
kralıma (dative first-person singular)
krallarıma (dative first-person singular)
kralına (dative second-person singular)
krallarına (dative second-person singular)
kralına (dative singular third-person)
krallarına (dative singular third-person)
kralımıza (dative first-person plural)
krallarımıza (dative first-person plural)
kralınıza (dative plural second-person)
krallarınıza (dative plural second-person)
krallarına (dative plural third-person)
kralımda (first-person locative singular)
krallarımda (first-person locative singular)
kralında (locative second-person singular)
krallarında (locative second-person singular)
kralında (locative singular third-person)
krallarında (locative singular third-person)
kralımızda (first-person locative plural)
krallarımızda (first-person locative plural)
kralınızda (locative plural second-person)
krallarınızda (locative plural second-person)
krallarında (locative plural third-person)
kralımdan (ablative first-person singular)
krallarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
kralından (ablative second-person singular)
krallarından (ablative second-person singular)
kralından (ablative singular third-person)
krallarından (ablative singular third-person)
kralımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
krallarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
kralınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
krallarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
krallarından (ablative plural third-person)
kralımın (first-person genitive singular)
krallarımın (first-person genitive singular)
kralının (genitive second-person singular)
krallarının (genitive second-person singular)
kralının (genitive singular third-person)
krallarının (genitive singular third-person)
kralımızın (first-person genitive plural)
krallarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
kralınızın (genitive plural second-person)
krallarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
krallarının (genitive plural third-person)

→ Northern Kurdish: kral, qral

From Ottoman Turkish قرال (kral), from a South Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *korľь (“king”) (Serbo-Croatian krȃlj/кра̑љ, Bulgarian крал (kral), Slovene králj). Ultimately from Old High German Karl, name of the Frankish ruler Charlemagne.


kral

kralik (diminutive)
kral (nominative singular)
kralej (dual nominative)
krale (nominative plural)
krala (genitive singular)
kralow (dual genitive)
kralow (genitive plural)
kralej (dative singular)
kralomaj (dative dual)
kralam (dative plural)
krala (accusative singular)
kralej (accusative dual)
krale (accusative plural)
kralom (instrumental singular)
kralomaj (dual instrumental)
kralemi (instrumental plural)
kralu (locative singular)
kralomaj (dual locative)
kralach (locative plural)
kralo (singular vocative)
kralej (dual vocative)
krale (plural vocative)


head of state

en-noun

head of state (plural heads of state or (rare) heads of states)

heads of state (plural)
heads of states (plural rare)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-head of state.wav

The chief public representative of a nation having duties, privileges and responsibilities varying greatly depending on the constitutional rules; a monarch in a monarchy, and often styled president in a republic, but variations such as collegiality exist.

staatshoof

the chief public representative of a nation


empress

From Middle English emperice, emperesse, from Anglo-Norman and Old French empereriz, from Latin imperatrix, equivalent to emperor + -ess. Doublet of imperatrix. Compare modern French impératrice.

Sit downe by her: adorned with my Crowne,
As if thou wert the Empreſſe of the world.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

The female monarch (ruler) of an empire.

Empress, imperial regent, and even emperor herself (r. 797–802), Irene was an important and powerful figure at the Byzantine court in the late eighth and early ninth century.

2008, Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation, page 211:

The wife or widow of an emperor or equated ruler.


monarch

From Middle French monarque, from Late Latin monarcha, from Ancient Greek μονάρχης (monárkhēs), variant of μόναρχος (mónarkhos, “sole ruler”), from μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”), equivalent to mono- + -arch.
* (butterfly): See monarch butterfly.

Never was monarch better fear'd and lov'd / Than is your Majesty.

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 25:

constitutional monarchy
constitutional monarchy

The ruler of an absolute monarchy or the head of state of a constitutional monarchy.

But I know the monarchs are close by, their orange-and-black wings folded, dusted, and baked by heat, ready to flee south.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 223:

Danaus plexippus
Danaus plexippus#Translingual

A monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and others of genus Danaus, found primarily in North America.


monarch

nl-noun

monarch m (plural monarchen, diminutive monarchje n)

monarchen (plural)
monarchje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: monarg

From Middle Dutch monarcha, from Latin monarcha, from Ancient Greek μονάρχης (monárkhēs), variant of μόναρχος (mónarkhos, “sole ruler”), from 'μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”).


chan

chan (nominative singular)
chanowie (nominative plural)
chany (derogatory nominative plural)
chana (genitive singular)
chanów (genitive plural)
chanowi (dative singular)
chanom (dative plural)
chana (accusative singular)
chanów (accusative plural)
chanem (instrumental singular)
chanami (instrumental plural)
chanie (locative singular)
chanach (locative plural)
chanie (singular vocative)
chanowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خان (han, “prince, lord”).


emperor

From Middle English emperour, from Anglo-Norman emperour, from Latin imperātorem, derived from imperāre (“to command”). Doublet of imperator.

In 690 Wu usurped the throne and became Emperor herself, which proved a unique event in the history of China.

1994, Het Spinhuis, Transactions: Essays in Honor of Jeremy F. Boissevain:

After his death in 683 she ruled for seven years as regent and then, deposing her son, became emperor herself, the only woman in Chinese history to hold the title.

2002, The Heritage of World Civilizations: To 1700, page 226:

Originally the wife of the emperor, she engineered the imperial succession so that she could serve first as regent to a boy emperor and then as emperor herself.

2013, Voyages in World History, page 213:

Where is Sindbad? I have a summons for him direct from the galactic emperor herself. He is to be brought here immediately to give an explanation for his recent actions.

2016, Commander Pakydus, Sindbad & the 7 Galaxies:

Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean the consort of an emperor.

The Investiture Controversy was a conflict between the Emperor and the Pope.

(political theory) Specifically, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire; the world-monarch.

But marbles are not only used to play games: they are also traded. In this market, the value of the different kinds of marbles (oilies, emperors, etc.) is determined by local supply and demand and not by the price of the marbles […]

2001, Paul Webley, The economic psychology of everyday life, page 39:

A large, relatively valuable marble in children's games.

(entomology) Any of various large dragonflies of the cosmopolitan genus Anax.


virrey

es-noun

virrey m (plural virreyes, feminine virreina, feminine plural virreinas)

virreyes (plural)
virreina (feminine)
virreinas (feminine plural)

From rey (“king”); compare French vice-roi.


tenno

Borrowed from Japanese 天皇(てんのう) (tennō), from Middle Chinese 天皇 (tʰen ɦwɑŋ) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”.

The emperor of Japan as head of state and the head of the Japanese imperial family.


rein

head

rein f (genitive singular [please provide], plural [please provide])

From Old Irish rígan (“queen”), from Proto-Celtic *rīganī. Cognate to Irish ríon, Scottish Gaelic rìghinn, rìbhinn, Welsh rhiain.


caliph

From Middle English calife, caliphe, from Old French caliphe, from Medieval Latin calipha, from Arabic خَلِيفَة (ḵalīfa, “caliph”) and خَلِيف (ḵalīf, “successor”).

The Abbasid caliphs patronized art and science beside religious developments ushering in the Islamic Golden Age when their capital Baghdad began to flourish as a center of knowledge, culture and trade.

It carries us to the East, and the stately halls of the caliphs rise on the mind's eye; and we think over the thousand and one stories which made our childhood so happy, and stored up a world of unconscious poetry for our future years:...

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Coronation”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 148-149:

The holder of a monarchical title based on a claim to be a successor of Muhammad.


czar

See tsar. The spelling czar, the older spelling in English, comes from Sigismund von Herberstein's Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii ("Notes on Muscovite Affairs") of 1549. The alternative tsar began to replace it in the 19th century.

Note therfore that Czar in the Ruthens tounge signifieth a kynge, wheras in the language of the Slauons, Pollons, Bohemes, and other, the same woorde Czar, signifieth Cesar by whiche name Themperours haue byn commonly cauled.

1555, Peter Martyr d’Anghiera, translated by Richard Eden, The decades of the newe worlde or west India, London: William Powell, page 290:

To understand Russia, you have to dive deep into its history — boyars and czars, Pushkin and Pasternak, Stalin and Stalingrad.

2016-12-12, Editorial Team, “Editorial: Trump, Putin and the risks of a reset”, in Chicago Tribune:

Alternative spelling of tsar (especially common in American English)


czar

pt-noun

czar m (plural czares, feminine czarina, feminine plural czarinas)

czares (plural)
czarina (feminine)
czarinas (feminine plural)

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César and kaiser.


tsar

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ार (zār), त्सार (tsār)

Urdu: زار (zār), تسار (tsār)

→ Irish: sár

→ Japanese: ツァー (tsā)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of kaiser and Caesar. The spelling tsar began to replace the older czar in the nineteenth century. Compare Byzantine Greek Τζαῖσαρ (Tzaîsar).

and why, in the name of common sense, should the English call the Czar (tsar) of Russia raze?

1832 August 1, W. Barnes, “On the Origin of Language”, in Gentleman's Magazine, London, page 129:

(historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states.


tsar

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Cèsar.


tsar

desc

→ Persian: تزار (tezâr), تسار (tesâr) (rare)

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César.


tsar

tsaren (definite singular)
tsarer (indefinite plural)
tsarene (definite plural)

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar), from Latin Caesar.


tsar

tsaren (definite singular)
tsarar (indefinite plural)
tsarane (definite plural)


tsar

tsar (indefinite nominative singular)
tsars (genitive indefinite singular)
tsaren (definite nominative singular)
tsarens (definite genitive singular)
tsarer (indefinite nominative plural)
tsarers (genitive indefinite plural)
tsarerna (definite nominative plural)
tsarernas (definite genitive plural)

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetan: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi, rex, rei, rai, roy
Middle French: roy
French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx

inh

(derogatory) despot, tyrant (during the time of the Republic when there were no kings and executive power was usually divided)


Präsident

de-noun

Präsident m (weak, genitive Präsidenten, plural Präsidenten, feminine Präsidentin)

Präsidenten (genitive)
Präsidenten (plural)
Präsidentin (feminine)
Präsident (nominative singular)
Präsidenten (definite nominative plural)
Präsidenten (genitive singular)
Präsidenten (definite genitive plural)
Präsidenten (dative singular)
Präsidenten (dative definite plural)
Präsidenten (accusative singular)
Präsidenten (accusative definite plural)

desctree

→ Polish: prezydent
→ Kashubian: prezydent
→ Silesian: prezydynt

From French président, itself from Latin praesidens. First attested in the 16th century.

president; chairman, chairperson, chair (male or of unspecified gender)


tsarina

head

tsarina (plural tsarinas, masculine tsar)

Via Italian czarina or Spanish czarina, from German Czarin, Zarin, feminine form of Czar, Zar.

The biggest Russian czarina was Catherine the Great, a German, who incidentally made Crimea part of Russia.

2022 January 25, Katrin Bennhold, quoting Matthias Platzeck, “Where Is Germany in the Ukraine Standoff? Its Allies Wonder.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(historical) An empress of several Eastern European countries, especially Russia, or the wife of a tsar.


tsarina

nl-noun

tsarina f (plural tsarina's, masculine tsaar)

Probably from Italian or Spanish, cf. the English etymology.

tsarina (female tsar/empress, wife of a tsar)


tsarina

tsarinaen (definite singular)
tsarinaer (indefinite plural)
tsarinaene (definite plural)

From German Zarin, a feminine form of Zar (“Tsar”).


tsarina

tsarinaa (definite singular)
tsarinaer (indefinite plural)
tsarinaene (definite plural)


царица

цари́ца (canonical)
caríca (romanization)
цар (masculine)
цари́ца (indefinite singular)
цари́ци (indefinite plural)
цари́цата (definite singular)
цари́ците (definite plural)
цари́це (singular vocative)
цари́ци (plural vocative)

bg-ndecl

цари́ца<(v)>


царица

ru-noun+

цари́ца • (caríca) f anim (genitive цари́цы, nominative plural цари́цы, genitive plural цари́ц, masculine царь)

цари́ца (canonical)
caríca (romanization)
цари́цы (genitive)
цари́цы (nominative plural)
цари́ц (genitive plural)
царь (masculine)
цари́ца (nominative singular)
цари́цы (nominative plural)
цари́цы (genitive singular)
цари́ц (genitive plural)
цари́це (dative singular)
цари́цам (dative plural)
цари́цу (accusative singular)
цари́ц (accusative plural)
цари́цей (instrumental singular)
цари́цею (instrumental singular)
цари́цами (instrumental plural)
цари́це (prepositional singular)
цари́цах (plural prepositional)
цари́ца (dated nominative singular)
цари́цы (dated nominative plural)
цари́цы (dated genitive singular)
цари́цъ (dated genitive plural)
цари́цѣ (dated dative singular)
цари́цамъ (dated dative plural)
цари́цу (accusative dated singular)
цари́цъ (accusative dated plural)
цари́цей (dated instrumental singular)
цари́цею (dated instrumental singular)
цари́цами (dated instrumental plural)
цари́цѣ (dated prepositional singular)
цари́цахъ (dated plural prepositional)

цари́ца Са́вская

empress, queen (in ancient or non-European monarchies)


царица

ца̏рица (canonical feminine)
cȁrica (romanization)
царица (nominative singular)
царице (nominative plural)
царице (genitive singular)
царица (genitive plural)
царици (dative singular)
царицама (dative plural)
царицу (accusative singular)
царице (accusative plural)
царице (singular vocative)
царице (plural vocative)
царици (locative singular)
царицама (locative plural)
царицом (instrumental singular)
царицама (instrumental plural)


Pharao

de-noun

Pharao m (strong, genitive Pharaos, plural Pharaonen, feminine Pharaonin)

Pharaos (genitive)
Pharaonen (plural)
Pharaonin (feminine)


царь

ru-noun+

царь • (carʹ) m anim (genitive царя́, nominative plural цари́, genitive plural царе́й, feminine цари́ца, relational adjective ца́рский, diminutive царёк)

carʹ (romanization)
царя́ (genitive)
цари́ (nominative plural)
царе́й (genitive plural)
цари́ца (feminine)
ца́рский (adjective relational)
царёк (diminutive)
ца́рь (nominative singular)
цари́ (nominative plural)
царя́ (genitive singular)
царе́й (genitive plural)
царю́ (dative singular)
царя́м (dative plural)
царя́ (accusative singular)
царе́й (accusative plural)
царём (instrumental singular)
царя́ми (instrumental plural)
царе́ (prepositional singular)
царя́х (plural prepositional)
царю́ (singular vocative)
ца́рь (dated nominative singular)
цари́ (dated nominative plural)
царя́ (dated genitive singular)
царе́й (dated genitive plural)
царю́ (dated dative singular)
царя́мъ (dated dative plural)
царя́ (accusative dated singular)
царе́й (accusative dated plural)
царёмъ (dated instrumental singular)
царя́ми (dated instrumental plural)
царѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
царя́хъ (dated plural prepositional)
царю́ (dated singular vocative)

→ Arabic: تْسَار (tsār)

→ Armenian: ցար (cʻar)

→ Catalan: tsar

small

→ Chinese: 沙皇 (shāhuáng) (phonetic 沙 (shā) + semantic 皇 (huáng, “emperor”))

→ Vietnamese: sa hoàng

→ Danish: zar

desctree

→ Dutch: tsaar
Afrikaans: tsaar
→ West Frisian: tsaar

→ English: tsar, czar, tzar, csar
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ज़ार (zār), त्सार (tsār)
Urdu: زار (zār), تسار (tsār)
→ Irish: sár
→ Japanese: ツァー (tsā)

→ Esperanto: caro

→ Estonian: tsaar

→ Faroese: sarur

→ Finnish: tsaari

→ French: tsar, czar, tzar
→ Persian: تزار (tezâr), تسار (tesâr) (rare)

→ Galician: tsar

→ German: Zar

→ Greek: τσάρος (tsáros)

→ Hungarian: cár

→ Ingrian: tsaari

→ Italian: zar

→ Japanese: ツァーリ (tsāri)

→ Khmer: ត្សារ (tsaa)

→ Korean: 차르 (chareu)

→ Latvian: cars

→ Lithuanian: caras

→ Norwegian: tsar

→ Polish: car

→ Portuguese: czar

→ Romanian: țar

→ Slovak: cár

Samic:

→ Skolt Sami: caarr

→ Kildin Sami: цоа̄рр (cåårr)

→ Ter Sami: ца̄рр (câ̄rr)

→ Spanish: zar

→ Swedish: tsar

→ Thai: ซาร์ (saa)

→ Turkish: çar

→ Yiddish: צאַר (tsar)

→ Uzbek: чор (chor)

Inherited from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

ца́рски

ца́рский (cárskij)

по-ца́рски

ца́рский (cárskij)

ца́рственно

ца́рственный (cárstvennyj)


farao

farao m anim or (canonical neuter)
farao (nominative singular)
faraoni (nominative plural)
faraonové (nominative plural)
faraona (genitive singular)
faraonů (genitive plural)
faraonovi (dative singular)
faraonu (dative singular)
faraonům (dative plural)
faraona (accusative singular)
faraony (accusative plural)
faraone (singular vocative)
faraoni (plural vocative)
faraonové (plural vocative)
faraonovi (locative singular)
faraonu (locative singular)
faraonech (locative plural)
faraonem (instrumental singular)
faraony (instrumental plural)
farao (nominative singular)
faraa (nominative plural)
faraa (genitive singular)
faraí (genitive plural)
farau (dative singular)
faraům (dative plural)
farao (accusative singular)
faraa (accusative plural)
farao (singular vocative)
faraa (plural vocative)
farau (locative singular)
faraech (locative plural)
faraem (instrumental singular)
faray (instrumental plural)


farao

head

farao c (singular definite faraoen, plural indefinite faraoer or faraoner)

faraoen (definite singular)
faraoer (indefinite plural)
faraoner (indefinite plural)
farao (indefinite nominative singular)
faraoen (definite nominative singular)
faraoer (indefinite nominative plural)
faraoner (indefinite nominative plural)
faraoerne (definite nominative plural)
faraonerne (definite nominative plural)
faraos (genitive indefinite singular)
faraoens (definite genitive singular)
faraoers (genitive indefinite plural)
faraoners (genitive indefinite plural)
faraoernes (definite genitive plural)
faraonernes (definite genitive plural)

From Late Latin pharaō, from Ancient Greek φαραώ (pharaṓ), from Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“palace, pharaoh”), literally pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”).


farao

nl-noun

farao m (plural farao's, diminutive faraootje n)

farao's (plural)
faraootje (diminutive neuter)


farao

faraoen (definite singular)
faraoer (indefinite plural)
faraoene (definite plural)

a pharaoh (supreme ruler of ancient Egypt)


farao

faraoen (definite singular)
faraoar (indefinite plural)
faraoane (definite plural)


farao

farao (indefinite nominative singular)
faraos (genitive indefinite singular)
faraon (definite nominative singular)
faraons (definite genitive singular)
faraoner (indefinite nominative plural)
faraoners (genitive indefinite plural)
faraonerna (definite nominative plural)
faraonernas (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Swedish pharao, from Late Latin Pharaō, from Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh).


pharaoh

en-noun

pharaoh (countable and uncountable, plural pharaohs)

From Middle English pharao (also as pharaon, farao, faraon, etc.), from Old English pharao, from Late Latin Pharaō, from Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“palace, pharaoh”, literally “pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”)”).

der

And the Egyptians ſhall know that I am the Lord, when I haue gotten me honour vpon Pharaoh, vpon his charets, and vpon his horſemen.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 14:18, column 1:

(historical) The supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt; a formal address for the sovereign seat of power as personified by the "king" in an institutional role of Horus son of Osiris; often used by metonymy for Ancient Egyptian sovereignty


shah

shahs (plural)
shahy (plural)
shahiv (plural)


shah

shah (indefinite nominative singular)
shahs (genitive indefinite singular)
shahen (definite nominative singular)
shahens (definite genitive singular)
shaher (indefinite nominative plural)
shahers (genitive indefinite plural)
shaherna (definite nominative plural)
shahernas (definite genitive plural)

From Persian شاه (šâh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāh), from Old Persian 𐏋 (xšāyaθiya). Doublet of schack (“chess; check”).


cisár

sk-noun

cisár m pers (female equivalent cisárovná, related adjective cisársky)

cisárovná (feminine)
cisársky (adjective)
nominative
cisár (singular)
cisári (plural)
genitive
cisára (singular)
cisárov (plural)
dative
cisárovi (singular)
cisárom (plural)
accusative
locative
cisároch (plural)
instrumental
cisárom (singular)
cisármi (plural)

Borrowed from Czech císař, from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь.


cár

cárok (plural)
cár (nominative singular)
cárok (nominative plural)
cárt (accusative singular)
cárokat (accusative plural)
cárnak (dative singular)
cároknak (dative plural)
cárral (instrumental singular)
cárokkal (instrumental plural)
cárért (causal-final singular)
cárokért (causal-final plural)
cárrá (singular translative)
cárokká (plural translative)
cárig (singular terminative)
cárokig (plural terminative)
cárként (essive-formal singular)
cárokként (essive-formal plural)
cárban (inessive singular)
cárokban (inessive plural)
cáron (singular superessive)
cárokon (plural superessive)
cárnál (adessive singular)
cároknál (adessive plural)
cárba (illative singular)
cárokba (illative plural)
cárra (singular sublative)
cárokra (plural sublative)
cárhoz (allative singular)
cárokhoz (allative plural)
cárból (elative singular)
cárokból (elative plural)
cárról (delative singular)
cárokról (delative plural)
cártól (ablative singular)
cároktól (ablative plural)
cáré (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
cároké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
cáréi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
cárokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
cárom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
cárjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
cárod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
cárjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
cárja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
cárjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
cárunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
cárjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
cárotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
cárjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
cárjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
cárjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), ultimately from Latin Caesar.


cár

cárovná (feminine)
cár (nominative singular)
cári (nominative plural)
cárovia (nominative plural)
cára (genitive singular)
cárov (genitive plural)
cárovi (dative singular)
cárom (dative plural)
cára (accusative singular)
cárov (accusative plural)
cárovi (locative singular)
cároch (locative plural)
cárom (instrumental singular)
cármi (instrumental plural)

Derived from Russian царь (carʹ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.


lord

From Old English hlāford, hlāfweard, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + weard (“ward, guardian, keeper”).

c. 1400, Lay Folks Mass, Bk. App. iii. 125

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(Christianity) Lord: Jesus Christ, God the Son


emperador

es-noun

emperador m (plural emperadores, feminine emperatriz or emperadora, feminine plural emperatrices or emperadoras)

emperadores (plural)
emperatriz (feminine)
emperadora (feminine)
emperatrices (feminine plural)
emperadoras (feminine plural)

→ Tagalog: emperador

From Old Spanish emperador, from Latin imperātōrem.


emperador

tl-noun

emperadór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

emperadór (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛm.pɛ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]


βασιλεύς

grc-noun

βᾰσῐλεύς • (basileús) m (genitive βᾰσῐλέως); third declension

βᾰσῐλεύς (canonical)
basileús (romanization)
βᾰσῐλέως (genitive)
ὁ βᾰσῐλεύς (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ βᾰσῐλῆς (nominative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰσῐλέως (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰσῐλέων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰσῐλεῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰσῐλέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰσῐλεῦσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs basileûsi (dative plural)
toîs basileûsin (dative plural)
τὸν βᾰσῐλέᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰσῐλῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς βᾰσῐλέᾱς (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦ (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆ (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆς (plural vocative)
βᾰσῐλεῖς (plural vocative)
βᾰσῐλεύς (nominative singular)
βᾰσῐλῆε (dual nominative)
βᾰσῐλῆες (nominative plural)
βᾰσῐλῆος (genitive singular)
βᾰσῐλέος (genitive singular)
βᾰσῐλήοιῐν (dual genitive)
βᾰσῐλήων (genitive plural)
βᾰσῐλῆῐ̈ (dative singular)
βᾰσῐλέῐ̈ (dative singular)
βᾰσῐλήοιῐν (dative dual)
βᾰσῐλήεσσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλήεσσῐν (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦσῐ (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦσῐν (dative plural)
basilḗessi (dative plural)
basilḗessin (dative plural)
basileûsi (dative plural)
basileûsin (dative plural)
βᾰσῐλῆᾰ (accusative singular)
βᾰσῐλέᾰ (accusative singular)
βᾰσῐλῆε (accusative dual)
βᾰσῐλῆᾰς (accusative plural)
βᾰσῐλεῦ (singular vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆε (dual vocative)
βᾰσῐλῆες (plural vocative)

grc-decl

βᾰσῐλῆς, βᾰσῐλεῖς

→ Arabic: باسل

→ Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ (basileus)

desc

→ English: basileus, basilean, basileolatry, basilolatry

Greek: βασιλεύς (vasiléfs), βασιλέας (vasiléas), βασιλιάς (vasiliás)

Mariupol Greek: васлэ́яс (vasléjas)

→ Medieval Latin: basileus

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷatiléus, with σ (s) developing by assibilation. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀣𐀯𐀩𐀄 (qa-si-re-u), that is, *gʷasileus. Further etymology uncertain. Multiple Indo-European etymologies have been advanced, while Beekes considers it Pre-Greek in origin. Possibly from an Anatolian language (see Lydian 𐤡𐤠𐤯𐤯𐤬𐤳 (pattoš, “king”)), although the Mycenaean (Linear B) evidence points to an original form with initial gʷ.
Case-forms show Attic shortening of the original stem βασιληϝ- (basilēw-); see quantitative metathesis.


imperator

en-noun

imperator (plural imperators or imperatores)

imperators (plural)
imperatores (plural)

Borrowed from Latin imperātor. Doublet of emperor.

But to compensate in some degree for what was then taken away, the custom was introduced of bestowing what was termed Triumphalia Ornamenta, that is, permission to receive the titles bestowed upon, and to appear in public with the robes worn by the imperatores of the commonwealth when they triumphed, and to bequeath to their descendants triumphal statues.

1843, “TRIUMPHUS”, in William Smith, Charles Anthon, editors, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 3rd American edition, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh., Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company, page 1019, column 1:

Modern emperors and consuls of the year VIII. are no more the imperatores of ancient Rome, and modern religious organizations are but the phantasms of mediæval corporations.

1898 April 16, Paolo Mantegazza, anonymous translator, “From the Nuova Antologia. Regressive Evolution.”, in The Living Age, sixth series, volume XVIII; from the beginning, volume CCXVII, number 2806, Boston, Mass.: The Living Age Company, section VI, page 160, column 2:

He said cautiously, "I do not think it right, Imperator."

1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 147:

Given the sudden proliferation of self-portraits on the coins of all the imperatores of this period, many of whom certainly had not received such a privilege, such an unattested grant to Antony need not be assumed.

1990, Robert Newman, “A Dialogue of Power in the Coinage of Antony and Octavian (44–30 B.C.)”, in American Journal of Numismatics, second series, volume 2, New York, N.Y.: The American Numismatic Society, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 53:


imperator

az-noun

imperator (definite accusative imperatoru, plural imperatorlar)

imperatoru (accusative definite)
imperatorlar (plural)
imperator (nominative singular)
imperatorlar (nominative plural)
imperatoru (accusative definite singular)
imperatorları (accusative definite plural)
imperatora (dative singular)
imperatorlara (dative plural)
imperatorda (locative singular)
imperatorlarda (locative plural)
imperatordan (ablative singular)
imperatorlardan (ablative plural)
imperatorun (definite genitive singular)
imperatorların (definite genitive plural)
imperatorum (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
imperatorlarım (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
imperatorun (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
imperatorların (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
imperatoru (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
imperatorları (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
imperatorumuz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
imperatorlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
imperatorunuz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
imperatorlarınız (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
imperatoru (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorları (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorları (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
imperatorumu (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
imperatorlarımı (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
imperatorunu (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
imperatorlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
imperatorunu (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
imperatorlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
imperatorumuzu (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
imperatorlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
imperatorunuzu (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
imperatorlarınızı (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
imperatorunu (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarını (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
imperatoruma (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
imperatorlarıma (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
imperatoruna (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
imperatorlarına (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
imperatoruna (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
imperatorlarına (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
imperatorumuza (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
imperatorlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
imperatorunuza (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
imperatorlarınıza (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
imperatoruna (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarına (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
imperatorumda (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
imperatorlarımda (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
imperatorunda (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
imperatorlarında (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
imperatorunda (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
imperatorlarında (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
imperatorumuzda (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
imperatorlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
imperatorunuzda (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
imperatorlarınızda (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
imperatorunda (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarında (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
imperatorumdan (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
imperatorlarımdan (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
imperatorundan (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
imperatorlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
imperatorundan (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
imperatorlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
imperatorumuzdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
imperatorlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
imperatorunuzdan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
imperatorlarınızdan (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
imperatorundan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarından (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
imperatorumun (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
imperatorlarımın (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
imperatorunun (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
imperatorlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
imperatorunun (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
imperatorlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
imperatorumuzun (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
imperatorlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
imperatorunuzun (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
imperatorlarınızın (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
imperatorunun (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
imperatorlarının (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Internationalism; ultimately from Latin imperātor.


imperator

la-noun

imperātor m (genitive imperātōris, feminine imperātrīx); third declension

imperātor (canonical masculine)
imperātōris (genitive)
imperātrīx (feminine)
imperātor (nominative singular)
imperātōrēs (nominative plural)
imperātōris (genitive singular)
imperātōrum (genitive plural)
imperātōrī (dative singular)
imperātōribus (dative plural)
imperātōrem (accusative singular)
imperātōrēs (accusative plural)
imperātōre (ablative singular)
imperātōribus (ablative plural)
imperātor (singular vocative)
imperātōrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: imperatore (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: mpiraturi

Padanian:

Friulian: imperadôr

Lombard: imperador

Piedmontese: imperador

Venetan: inperadore

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: emperador

Franco-Provençal: emperor

Old French: empereor (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: emperaire, emperador

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: emperador

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: emperador
Galician: emperador
Portuguese: imperador

Old Spanish: emperador
Spanish: emperador

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *imperātus

Megleno-Romanian: ạmpirat

Romanian: împărat

→ Albanian: mbret
→ English: mpret, mbret

Borrowings:

→ Ottoman Turkish: ایمپراطور (imperator)
Turkish: imparator

→ Polish: imperator

→ Proto-Brythonic: *ɨmperọdr (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: imperator

→ Russian: император (imperator)

→ Ukrainian: імператор (imperator)

[ɪmpɛˈräːt̪ɔr]

From imperō (“command”), via the radical of its supine imperātum + -tor.


imperator

pl-noun

imperator m pers (female equivalent imperatorowa)

imperatorowa (feminine)
imperator (nominative singular)
imperatorzy (nominative plural)
imperatorowie (nominative plural)
imperatora (genitive singular)
imperatorów (genitive plural)
imperatorowi (dative singular)
imperatorom (dative plural)
imperatora (accusative singular)
imperatorów (accusative plural)
imperatorem (instrumental singular)
imperatorami (instrumental plural)
imperatorze (locative singular)
imperatorach (locative plural)
imperatorze (singular vocative)
imperatorzy (plural vocative)
imperatorowie (plural vocative)


imperator

sh-noun

impèrātor m (Cyrillic spelling импѐра̄тор)

impèrātor (canonical masculine)
импѐра̄тор (Cyrillic)
imperator (nominative singular)
imperatori (nominative plural)
imperatora (genitive singular)
imperatora (genitive plural)
imperatoru (dative singular)
imperatorima (dative plural)
imperatora (accusative singular)
imperatore (accusative plural)
imperatore (singular vocative)
imperatori (plural vocative)
imperatoru (locative singular)
imperatorima (locative plural)
imperatorom (instrumental singular)
imperatorima (instrumental plural)


rey

Chavacano: rey

Papiamentu: rey

→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Latin rēgem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs.

en el reino de los ciegos, el tuerto es el rey


šach

šach (nominative singular)
šachové (nominative plural)
šacha (genitive singular)
šachů (genitive plural)
šachovi (dative singular)
šachu (dative singular)
šachům (dative plural)
šacha (accusative singular)
šachy (accusative plural)
šachu (singular vocative)
šachové (plural vocative)
šachovi (locative singular)
šachu (locative singular)
šaších (locative plural)
šachem (instrumental singular)
šachy (instrumental plural)

Via Arabic, from Classical Persian شاه (šāh).


šach

nominative
šach (singular)
šachovia (plural)
genitive
šacha (singular)
šachov (plural)
dative
šachovi (singular)
šachom (plural)
accusative
locative
šachoch (plural)
instrumental
šachom (singular)
šachmi (plural)


מלכה

he-proper noun

מִלְכָּה • (milká) f [pattern: קִטְלָה]

מִלְכָּה (canonical)
milká (romanization)


מלך

he-noun

מֶלֶךְ • (mélekh) m (plural indefinite מְלָכִים, singular construct מֶלֶךְ־, plural construct מַלְכֵי־, feminine counterpart מַלְכָּה, Biblical Hebrew pausal form מֶלֶךְ) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

מֶלֶךְ (canonical)
mélekh (romanization)
מְלָכִים (indefinite plural)
מֶלֶךְ־ (construct singular)
מַלְכֵי־ (construct plural)
מַלְכָּה (feminine)
form מֶלֶךְ (Biblical-Hebrew pausal)
מֶלֶךְ (indefinite singular)
מַלְכִּי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מַלְכֵּנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמֶּלֶךְ (definite singular)
מַלְכְּךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מַלְכֵּךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מַלְכְּכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מַלְכְּכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מֶלֶךְ־ (construct singular)
מַלְכּוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מַלְכָּהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מַלְכָּם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מַלְכָּן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְלָכִים (indefinite plural)
מלכיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלָכַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלָכֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמְּלָכִים (definite plural)
מְלָכֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מלכייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלָכַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מַלְכֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מַלְכֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מַלְכֵי־ (construct plural)
מְלָכָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלָכֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מַלְכֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מַלְכֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *malk-. Cognate to Aramaic מַלְכָּא (malkā, “king”), Arabic مَلِك (malik, “king”) and Akkadian 𒂷𒆪 (malku, “prince”).


amir

From Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”). Doublet of Amir, emir, admiral, and amira.


khan

Via late Middle English can, chan from Old French chan, from Medieval Latin chanis, from Turkic *qan, contraction of *qaɣan. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan), and Mongolian хаан (xaan). Sense 1 (ruler in the Middle Ages) after Genghis Khan, from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan). Doublet of khagan.

(historical) A ruler over various Turkic and Mongol peoples in the Middle Ages.

خَان

a ruler over various Turkic and Mongol peoples in the Middle Ages


khan

From Old French chan, from Medieval Latin canus, caanus, of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic xān (“Central Asian khan”), probably ultimately of non-Turkic (Central Asian) origin.


khan

From Old French chan, from Medieval Latin chanis, of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic xān (“Central Asian khan”), probably ultimately of non-Turkic (Central Asian) origin.


khan

khanen (definite singular)
khanar (indefinite plural)
khanane (definite plural)


ree

head

ree m (genitive singular ree, plural reeghyn or reeaghyn)

ree (genitive singular)
reeghyn (plural)
reeaghyn (plural)

From Old Irish rí, from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

inh

Jean eh cooie da ree.

Keayrt dy row va ree ayn.

My vees yn ree hene eh, cha nel kiart echey ayns Mannin.

King or no king, he has no right to be in Mann.

T' eh jeh sluight reeghyn Vannin.

king (monarchy, chess, card games, draughts)


女帝

ja-noun

女(じょ)帝(てい) or 女(にょ)帝(たい) • (jotei or nyotai) ^(←ぢよてい (dyotei)?)

女帝 (canonical)
女帝 (canonical)
jotei (romanization)
nyotai (romanization)
dyotei (romanization)
ぢよてい (hiragana historical)

Jinnō Shōtōki
Kitabatake Chikafusa
ja:女帝


imperatore

it-noun

imperatore m (plural imperatori, feminine imperatrice)

imperatori (plural)
imperatrice (feminine)

→ Franco-Provençal: emperator

→ Ligurian: imperatô

→ Romansch: imperatur, imperataur

From Latin imperātōrem. Documented since the twelfth century. Synchronically derivable from imperare + -tore.


ملكة

ar-noun

مَلِكَة • (malika) f (plural مَلِكَات (malikāt), masculine مَلِك (malik))

مَلِكَة (canonical)
malika (romanization)
مَلِكَات (plural)
مَلِك (masculine)
مَلِكَة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
مَلِكَة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
مَلِكَةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
مَلِكَةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
مَلِكَةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
مَلِكَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
مَلِكَةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
مَلِكَةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual informal singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual informal singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual nominative singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَا (ar-infl-a construct dual nominative singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَلِكَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual genitive singular triptote)
مَلِكَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual genitive singular triptote)
مَلِكَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْمَلِكَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
مَلِكَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
مَلِكَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْمَلِكَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
مَلِكَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
مَلِكَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْمَلِكَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
مَلِكَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
مَلِكَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْمَلِكَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
مَلِكَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

→ Azerbaijani: məlikə

→ Chagatai: ملکه

Uyghur: مەلىكە (melike)

Uzbek: malika

→ English: Malika

→ Kazakh: мәлике (mälike)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ملكه (melike)

Turkish: melike

→ Old Armenian: Մլքէ (Mlkʻē)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: مَلِکَه (malika)
Dari: مَلِکَه (malika)
Iranian Persian: مَلِکِه (maleke)
Tajik: малика (malika)
→ Gujarati: મલિકા (malikā)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: मलिका (malikā)
Urdu: مَلِکَہ (malika)
→ Marwari: मलिका (malikā)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮਲਕਾ (malkā)
Shahmukhi script: مَلِکَہ (malikah)
→ Sindhi: malikā
Arabic script: مَلڪَھ
Devanagari script: मलिका

→ Turkmen: melike

→ Swahili: malkia


roi

Antillean Creole: wa

Guianese Creole: rwè

Haitian Creole: wa

(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa

Karipúna Creole French: hué

Louisiana Creole: rwa

Seychellois Creole: lerwa

Inherited from Middle French roy, from Old French roi, rei, from Latin rēgem.

au royaume des aveugles, les borgnes sont rois


Führer

Borrowed from German Führer, modelled after Italian Duce.

(historical, Nazism, definite) Adolf Hitler when he was the chancellor of Nazi Germany.


reine

Rennes (may be short in length-distinguishing accents)

Inherited from Old French reïne, reyne, royne, from Latin rēgīna.

Je ferai un domaine où l’amour sera roi, où l’amour sera loi, où tu seras reine

I will create a realm where love will be king, where love will be law, where you will be queen


monarque

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μόναρχος (mónarkhos).


cars

lv-noun

cars m (1st declension, feminine form: cariene)

cariene (feminine)
cars (nominative singular)
cari (nominative plural)
caru (accusative singular)
carus (accusative plural)
cara (genitive singular)
caru (genitive plural)
caram (dative singular)
cariem (dative plural)
caru (instrumental singular)
cariem (instrumental plural)
carā (locative singular)
caros (locative plural)
car (singular vocative)
cari (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ, “tsar”), itself a borrowing, ultimately from Latin Caesar; cf. the parallel form ķeizars (“emperor”).

cars Pēteris Lielais

cara valdība, monarhija

cara galms

cara tronis

cara laikā

tsar (male monarch of the Russian empire (especially before 1721); his title)


viceroy

From Middle French vice-roy, from vice- + roy (“king”).

An orange and black North American butterfly (Limenitis archippus), so named because it is similar to, but smaller than, the monarch butterfly.


basileus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βασιλεύς (basileús, “chief, king”).

bor

For two centuries its towers and domes were to rise in the heavens, drawing the attention of Emperors and Basilei, of Popes and Patriarchs.

Although portrayals of basileis of the eleventh century wearing the loros in the traditional manner are not lacking, I cannot cite a Byzantine example of metropolitan origin later than 1100.

1990, Ernst Kitzinger, The Mosaics of St. Mary’s of the Admiral in Palermo, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, →ISBN, page 192:

The revitalization of the Byzantine Empire during the reigns of the energetic and capable basilei of the Comnens dynasty: Alexios I (1081-1118), John II (1118-1143) and Manuel (1143-1180), and the wars with a Rum Sultanate troubled by dynastic fights drastically diminished its possessions in Anatolia.

2003, Victor Spinei, The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century, Romanian Cultural Institute, →ISBN, page 193:

It is quite easy to establish the identity of these “Roman princes” who reoccupied Pannonia after Attila’s death: they were the basilei from Constantinople who, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, claimed to be the only successors of the Caesars (around the turn of the 9ᵗʰ century they began to call themselves “basilei of the Romans”—“basileis ton Romanon” or “Romaion”).

2007, Transylvanian Review, volume 16, Romanian Cultural Foundation, page 16:

In our third example, the tyrant Nabis usurped power from the traditional, dual basileis of Sparta, then had them executed.

2017, Michael Martin, City of the Sun: Development and Popular Resistance in the Pre-Modern West, New York, N.Y.: Algora Publishing, →ISBN, page 64:

The basileis of the Iron Age were now replaced with various appointed and elected magistrates.

2020, David B. Small, “Institutional Evolution of Ancient Greece”, in Dmitri M[ikhailovich] Bondarenko, Stephen A. Kowalewski, David B. Small, editors, The Evolution of Social Institutions: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures), Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 274:

It would probably be worth seeking a possible connection-and-overlay between the name of one of the Byzantine basilei of the 9th century and the godfather of Boris I, Michael III, and that of the Bulgarian ruler Boris-Michael himself, who also lived in that age.

2020, Tsvetelin Stepanov, translated by Daria Manova, Waiting for the End of the World: European Dimensions, 950–1200 (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450; 57), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 251:

“Peter and Maria basilei of Bugaria,” “Peter and Maria in Christ autocrats of the Bulgarians,” and “Peter and Maria in Christ august autocrats and basilei.”

2023, Christian Raffensperger, Rulers and Rulership in the Arc of Medieval Europe, 1000-1200, Abingdon, Oxon, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:


zarina

head

zarina c (singular definite zarinaen, plural indefinite zarinaer)

zarinaen (definite singular)
zarinaer (indefinite plural)
zarina (indefinite nominative singular)
zarinaen (definite nominative singular)
zarinaer (indefinite nominative plural)
zarinaerne (definite nominative plural)
zarinas (genitive indefinite singular)
zarinaens (definite genitive singular)
zarinaers (genitive indefinite plural)
zarinaernes (definite genitive plural)


zarina

Borrowed from German Zarin, feminine form of Zar, from Russian царь (carʹ, “tsar”).


zarina

es-noun

zarina f (plural zarinas, masculine zar, masculine plural zares)

zarinas (plural)
zar (masculine)
zares (masculine plural)


stadtholder

Adapted from Dutch stadhouder (literally “city holder”) (obsolete spelling: stadthouder), calqued from Medieval Latin locum tenēns.

bor

For decades, no stadtholder who would counterbalance the power of the Amsterdam regents had been appointed.

2001 [1999], Geert Mak, translated by Philipp Blom, Amsterdam: A Brief Life of the City, Vintage, page 150:

(historical) The chief magistrate, then later, hereditary chief of state of the Dutch Republic.


zar

head

zar c (singular definite zaren, plural indefinite zarer)

zaren (definite singular)
zarer (indefinite plural)
zar (indefinite nominative singular)
zaren (definite nominative singular)
zarer (indefinite nominative plural)
zarerne (definite nominative plural)
zars (genitive indefinite singular)
zarens (definite genitive singular)
zarers (genitive indefinite plural)
zarernes (definite genitive plural)


zar

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), via Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Cesare.


zar

es-noun

zar m (plural zares, feminine zarina, feminine plural zarinas)

zares (plural)
zarina (feminine)
zarinas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ); see it for more. Doublet of César (“Caesar”).


satrap

From Middle English satrape, from Latin satrapēs (“governor”), from Ancient Greek σατράπης (satrápēs), from Old Median *xšaθrapāwan- (literally “kingdom-protector”), which is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 (xšaçapāvā); see there for more.

der

Eunuchs were chiefly employed in the harems of the king, and his satraps.

1922, Maneckji Nusservanji Dhalla, Zoroastrian Civilization, page 222:

(historical) A governor of a Persian province.


kuningatar

kuningatar (nominative singular)
kuningattaret (nominative plural)
kuningatar (accusative nominative singular)
kuningattaret (accusative nominative plural)
kuningattaren (accusative genitive singular)
kuningattaret (accusative genitive plural)
kuningattaren (genitive singular)
kuningattarien (genitive plural)
kuningatarten (genitive plural)
kuningatarta (partitive singular)
kuningattaria (partitive plural)
kuningattaressa (inessive singular)
kuningattarissa (inessive plural)
kuningattaresta (elative singular)
kuningattarista (elative plural)
kuningattareen (illative singular)
kuningattariin (illative plural)
kuningattarella (adessive singular)
kuningattarilla (adessive plural)
kuningattarelta (ablative singular)
kuningattarilta (ablative plural)
kuningattarelle (allative singular)
kuningattarille (allative plural)
kuningattarena (essive singular)
kuningattarina (essive plural)
kuningattareksi (singular translative)
kuningattariksi (plural translative)
kuningattaretta (abessive singular)
kuningattaritta (abessive plural)
kuningattarin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kuningattareni (nominative singular)
kuningattareni (nominative plural)
kuningattareni (accusative nominative singular)
kuningattareni (accusative nominative plural)
kuningattareni (accusative genitive singular)
kuningattareni (accusative genitive plural)
kuningattareni (genitive singular)
kuningattarieni (genitive plural)
kuningatarteni (genitive plural)
kuningatartani (partitive singular)
kuningattariani (partitive plural)
kuningattaressani (inessive singular)
kuningattarissani (inessive plural)
kuningattarestani (elative singular)
kuningattaristani (elative plural)
kuningattareeni (illative singular)
kuningattariini (illative plural)
kuningattarellani (adessive singular)
kuningattarillani (adessive plural)
kuningattareltani (ablative singular)
kuningattariltani (ablative plural)
kuningattarelleni (allative singular)
kuningattarilleni (allative plural)
kuningattarenani (essive singular)
kuningattarinani (essive plural)
kuningattarekseni (singular translative)
kuningattarikseni (plural translative)
kuningattarettani (abessive singular)
kuningattarittani (abessive plural)
kuningattarineni (comitative plural)
kuningattaresi (nominative singular)
kuningattaresi (nominative plural)
kuningattaresi (accusative nominative singular)
kuningattaresi (accusative nominative plural)
kuningattaresi (accusative genitive singular)
kuningattaresi (accusative genitive plural)
kuningattaresi (genitive singular)
kuningattariesi (genitive plural)
kuningatartesi (genitive plural)
kuningatartasi (partitive singular)
kuningattariasi (partitive plural)
kuningattaressasi (inessive singular)
kuningattarissasi (inessive plural)
kuningattarestasi (elative singular)
kuningattaristasi (elative plural)
kuningattareesi (illative singular)
kuningattariisi (illative plural)
kuningattarellasi (adessive singular)
kuningattarillasi (adessive plural)
kuningattareltasi (ablative singular)
kuningattariltasi (ablative plural)
kuningattarellesi (allative singular)
kuningattarillesi (allative plural)
kuningattarenasi (essive singular)
kuningattarinasi (essive plural)
kuningattareksesi (singular translative)
kuningattariksesi (plural translative)
kuningattarettasi (abessive singular)
kuningattarittasi (abessive plural)
kuningattarinesi (comitative plural)
kuningattaremme (nominative singular)
kuningattaremme (nominative plural)
kuningattaremme (accusative nominative singular)
kuningattaremme (accusative nominative plural)
kuningattaremme (accusative genitive singular)
kuningattaremme (accusative genitive plural)
kuningattaremme (genitive singular)
kuningattariemme (genitive plural)
kuningatartemme (genitive plural)
kuningatartamme (partitive singular)
kuningattariamme (partitive plural)
kuningattaressamme (inessive singular)
kuningattarissamme (inessive plural)
kuningattarestamme (elative singular)
kuningattaristamme (elative plural)
kuningattareemme (illative singular)
kuningattariimme (illative plural)
kuningattarellamme (adessive singular)
kuningattarillamme (adessive plural)
kuningattareltamme (ablative singular)
kuningattariltamme (ablative plural)
kuningattarellemme (allative singular)
kuningattarillemme (allative plural)
kuningattarenamme (essive singular)
kuningattarinamme (essive plural)
kuningattareksemme (singular translative)
kuningattariksemme (plural translative)
kuningattarettamme (abessive singular)
kuningattarittamme (abessive plural)
kuningattarinemme (comitative plural)
kuningattarenne (nominative singular)
kuningattarenne (nominative plural)
kuningattarenne (accusative nominative singular)
kuningattarenne (accusative nominative plural)
kuningattarenne (accusative genitive singular)
kuningattarenne (accusative genitive plural)
kuningattarenne (genitive singular)
kuningattarienne (genitive plural)
kuningatartenne (genitive plural)
kuningatartanne (partitive singular)
kuningattarianne (partitive plural)
kuningattaressanne (inessive singular)
kuningattarissanne (inessive plural)
kuningattarestanne (elative singular)
kuningattaristanne (elative plural)
kuningattareenne (illative singular)
kuningattariinne (illative plural)
kuningattarellanne (adessive singular)
kuningattarillanne (adessive plural)
kuningattareltanne (ablative singular)
kuningattariltanne (ablative plural)
kuningattarellenne (allative singular)
kuningattarillenne (allative plural)
kuningattarenanne (essive singular)
kuningattarinanne (essive plural)
kuningattareksenne (singular translative)
kuningattariksenne (plural translative)
kuningattarettanne (abessive singular)
kuningattarittanne (abessive plural)
kuningattarinenne (comitative plural)
kuningattarensa (nominative singular)
kuningattarensa (nominative plural)
kuningattarensa (accusative nominative singular)
kuningattarensa (accusative nominative plural)
kuningattarensa (accusative genitive singular)
kuningattarensa (accusative genitive plural)
kuningattarensa (genitive singular)
kuningattariensa (genitive plural)
kuningatartensa (genitive plural)
kuningatartaan (partitive singular)
kuningatartansa (partitive singular)
kuningattariaan (partitive plural)
kuningattariansa (partitive plural)
kuningattaressaan (inessive singular)
kuningattaressansa (inessive singular)
kuningattarissaan (inessive plural)
kuningattarissansa (inessive plural)
kuningattarestaan (elative singular)
kuningattarestansa (elative singular)
kuningattaristaan (elative plural)
kuningattaristansa (elative plural)
kuningattareensa (illative singular)
kuningattariinsa (illative plural)
kuningattarellaan (adessive singular)
kuningattarellansa (adessive singular)
kuningattarillaan (adessive plural)
kuningattarillansa (adessive plural)
kuningattareltaan (ablative singular)
kuningattareltansa (ablative singular)
kuningattariltaan (ablative plural)
kuningattariltansa (ablative plural)
kuningattarelleen (allative singular)
kuningattarellensa (allative singular)
kuningattarilleen (allative plural)
kuningattarillensa (allative plural)
kuningattarenaan (essive singular)
kuningattarenansa (essive singular)
kuningattarinaan (essive plural)
kuningattarinansa (essive plural)
kuningattarekseen (singular translative)
kuningattareksensa (singular translative)
kuningattarikseen (plural translative)
kuningattariksensa (plural translative)
kuningattarettaan (abessive singular)
kuningattarettansa (abessive singular)
kuningattarittaan (abessive plural)
kuningattarittansa (abessive plural)
kuningattarineen (comitative plural)
kuningattarinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈkuniŋˌŋɑ̝t̪ɑ̝r]

kuningas (“king”) + -tar (“-ess”). Coined by Finnish explorer, historian and author Carl Axel Gottlund in 1828. The cooking sense originally from kuningatarhillo, making it a semantic loan from Swedish drottning (from drottningsylt)

coin

Matematiikka on tieteiden kuningatar.

Mathematics is the queen of the sciences.

queen (female monarch, or wife of a king)

(figurative) queen (something or someone outstanding or supreme among its kind)

queen (reproductive female animal in a hive)

kuningatarhillo

kuningatarhyytelö

kuningatartorttu

kuningatarjogurtti

(cooking, compounds) A flavour made of raspberries and bilberries; similar to English summer berries.


kuningas

head

kuningas (genitive kuninga, partitive kuningat)

kuninga (genitive)
kuningat (partitive)
kuningas (nominative singular)
kuningad (nominative plural)
kuningas (accusative nominative singular)
kuningad (accusative nominative plural)
kuninga (accusative genitive singular)
kuningad (accusative genitive plural)
kuninga (genitive singular)
kuningate (genitive plural)
kuningat (partitive singular)
kuningaid (partitive plural)
kuningasse (illative singular)
kuningatesse (illative plural)
kuningaisse (illative plural)
kuningas (inessive singular)
kuningates (inessive plural)
kuningais (inessive plural)
kuningast (elative singular)
kuningatest (elative plural)
kuningaist (elative plural)
kuningale (allative singular)
kuningatele (allative plural)
kuningaile (allative plural)
kuningal (adessive singular)
kuningatel (adessive plural)
kuningail (adessive plural)
kuningalt (ablative singular)
kuningatelt (ablative plural)
kuningailt (ablative plural)
kuningaks (singular translative)
kuningateks (plural translative)
kuningaiks (plural translative)
kuningani (singular terminative)
kuningateni (plural terminative)
kuningana (essive singular)
kuningatena (essive plural)
kuningata (abessive singular)
kuningateta (abessive plural)
kuningaga (comitative singular)
kuningatega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kuningas, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.

king (the title of male head of state of a monarchist country)


kuningas

kuningas (nominative singular)
kuninkaat (nominative plural)
kuningas (accusative nominative singular)
kuninkaat (accusative nominative plural)
kuninkaan (accusative genitive singular)
kuninkaat (accusative genitive plural)
kuninkaan (genitive singular)
kuninkaiden (genitive plural)
kuninkaitten (genitive plural)
kuningasten (genitive plural rare)
kuningasta (partitive singular)
kuninkaita (partitive plural)
kuninkaassa (inessive singular)
kuninkaissa (inessive plural)
kuninkaasta (elative singular)
kuninkaista (elative plural)
kuninkaaseen (illative singular)
kuninkaisiin (illative plural)
kuninkaihin (illative plural rare)
kuninkaalla (adessive singular)
kuninkailla (adessive plural)
kuninkaalta (ablative singular)
kuninkailta (ablative plural)
kuninkaalle (allative singular)
kuninkaille (allative plural)
kuninkaana (essive singular)
kuninkaina (essive plural)
kuninkaaksi (singular translative)
kuninkaiksi (plural translative)
kuninkaatta (abessive singular)
kuninkaitta (abessive plural)
kuninkain (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kuninkaani (nominative singular)
kuninkaani (nominative plural)
kuninkaani (accusative nominative singular)
kuninkaani (accusative nominative plural)
kuninkaani (accusative genitive singular)
kuninkaani (accusative genitive plural)
kuninkaani (genitive singular)
kuninkaideni (genitive plural)
kuninkaitteni (genitive plural)
kuningasteni (genitive plural rare)
kuningastani (partitive singular)
kuninkaitani (partitive plural)
kuninkaassani (inessive singular)
kuninkaissani (inessive plural)
kuninkaastani (elative singular)
kuninkaistani (elative plural)
kuninkaaseeni (illative singular)
kuninkaisiini (illative plural)
kuninkaihini (illative plural rare)
kuninkaallani (adessive singular)
kuninkaillani (adessive plural)
kuninkaaltani (ablative singular)
kuninkailtani (ablative plural)
kuninkaalleni (allative singular)
kuninkailleni (allative plural)
kuninkaanani (essive singular)
kuninkainani (essive plural)
kuninkaakseni (singular translative)
kuninkaikseni (plural translative)
kuninkaattani (abessive singular)
kuninkaittani (abessive plural)
kuninkaineni (comitative plural)
kuninkaasi (nominative singular)
kuninkaasi (nominative plural)
kuninkaasi (accusative nominative singular)
kuninkaasi (accusative nominative plural)
kuninkaasi (accusative genitive singular)
kuninkaasi (accusative genitive plural)
kuninkaasi (genitive singular)
kuninkaidesi (genitive plural)
kuninkaittesi (genitive plural)
kuningastesi (genitive plural rare)
kuningastasi (partitive singular)
kuninkaitasi (partitive plural)
kuninkaassasi (inessive singular)
kuninkaissasi (inessive plural)
kuninkaastasi (elative singular)
kuninkaistasi (elative plural)
kuninkaaseesi (illative singular)
kuninkaisiisi (illative plural)
kuninkaihisi (illative plural rare)
kuninkaallasi (adessive singular)
kuninkaillasi (adessive plural)
kuninkaaltasi (ablative singular)
kuninkailtasi (ablative plural)
kuninkaallesi (allative singular)
kuninkaillesi (allative plural)
kuninkaanasi (essive singular)
kuninkainasi (essive plural)
kuninkaaksesi (singular translative)
kuninkaiksesi (plural translative)
kuninkaattasi (abessive singular)
kuninkaittasi (abessive plural)
kuninkainesi (comitative plural)
kuninkaamme (nominative singular)
kuninkaamme (nominative plural)
kuninkaamme (accusative nominative singular)
kuninkaamme (accusative nominative plural)
kuninkaamme (accusative genitive singular)
kuninkaamme (accusative genitive plural)
kuninkaamme (genitive singular)
kuninkaidemme (genitive plural)
kuninkaittemme (genitive plural)
kuningastemme (genitive plural rare)
kuningastamme (partitive singular)
kuninkaitamme (partitive plural)
kuninkaassamme (inessive singular)
kuninkaissamme (inessive plural)
kuninkaastamme (elative singular)
kuninkaistamme (elative plural)
kuninkaaseemme (illative singular)
kuninkaisiimme (illative plural)
kuninkaihimme (illative plural rare)
kuninkaallamme (adessive singular)
kuninkaillamme (adessive plural)
kuninkaaltamme (ablative singular)
kuninkailtamme (ablative plural)
kuninkaallemme (allative singular)
kuninkaillemme (allative plural)
kuninkaanamme (essive singular)
kuninkainamme (essive plural)
kuninkaaksemme (singular translative)
kuninkaiksemme (plural translative)
kuninkaattamme (abessive singular)
kuninkaittamme (abessive plural)
kuninkainemme (comitative plural)
kuninkaanne (nominative singular)
kuninkaanne (nominative plural)
kuninkaanne (accusative nominative singular)
kuninkaanne (accusative nominative plural)
kuninkaanne (accusative genitive singular)
kuninkaanne (accusative genitive plural)
kuninkaanne (genitive singular)
kuninkaidenne (genitive plural)
kuninkaittenne (genitive plural)
kuningastenne (genitive plural rare)
kuningastanne (partitive singular)
kuninkaitanne (partitive plural)
kuninkaassanne (inessive singular)
kuninkaissanne (inessive plural)
kuninkaastanne (elative singular)
kuninkaistanne (elative plural)
kuninkaaseenne (illative singular)
kuninkaisiinne (illative plural)
kuninkaihinne (illative plural rare)
kuninkaallanne (adessive singular)
kuninkaillanne (adessive plural)
kuninkaaltanne (ablative singular)
kuninkailtanne (ablative plural)
kuninkaallenne (allative singular)
kuninkaillenne (allative plural)
kuninkaananne (essive singular)
kuninkainanne (essive plural)
kuninkaaksenne (singular translative)
kuninkaiksenne (plural translative)
kuninkaattanne (abessive singular)
kuninkaittanne (abessive plural)
kuninkainenne (comitative plural)
kuninkaansa (nominative singular)
kuninkaansa (nominative plural)
kuninkaansa (accusative nominative singular)
kuninkaansa (accusative nominative plural)
kuninkaansa (accusative genitive singular)
kuninkaansa (accusative genitive plural)
kuninkaansa (genitive singular)
kuninkaidensa (genitive plural)
kuninkaittensa (genitive plural)
kuningastensa (genitive plural rare)
kuningastaan (partitive singular)
kuningastansa (partitive singular)
kuninkaitaan (partitive plural)
kuninkaitansa (partitive plural)
kuninkaassaan (inessive singular)
kuninkaassansa (inessive singular)
kuninkaissaan (inessive plural)
kuninkaissansa (inessive plural)
kuninkaastaan (elative singular)
kuninkaastansa (elative singular)
kuninkaistaan (elative plural)
kuninkaistansa (elative plural)
kuninkaaseensa (illative singular)
kuninkaisiinsa (illative plural)
kuninkaihinsa (illative plural rare)
kuninkaallaan (adessive singular)
kuninkaallansa (adessive singular)
kuninkaillaan (adessive plural)
kuninkaillansa (adessive plural)
kuninkaaltaan (ablative singular)
kuninkaaltansa (ablative singular)
kuninkailtaan (ablative plural)
kuninkailtansa (ablative plural)
kuninkaalleen (allative singular)
kuninkaallensa (allative singular)
kuninkailleen (allative plural)
kuninkaillensa (allative plural)
kuninkaanaan (essive singular)
kuninkaanansa (essive singular)
kuninkainaan (essive plural)
kuninkainansa (essive plural)
kuninkaakseen (singular translative)
kuninkaaksensa (singular translative)
kuninkaikseen (plural translative)
kuninkaiksensa (plural translative)
kuninkaattaan (abessive singular)
kuninkaattansa (abessive singular)
kuninkaittaan (abessive plural)
kuninkaittansa (abessive plural)
kuninkaineen (comitative plural)
kuninkainensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kuningas, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.

patakuningas


kan

Borrowed from Medieval Latin chanis, from Turkic.


kan

nl-noun

kan m (plural kannen, diminutive kannetje n)

kannen (plural)
kannetje (diminutive neuter)

From Old French chan, from Medieval Latin canus, caanus, of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic xān (“Central Asian khan”), probably ultimately of non-Turkic (Central Asian) origin.