chancellor

/ˈtʃɑːnsələ/

/ˈt͡ʃænsələ/

Angela Merkel
Frick Collection
Hans Holbein the Younger
Thomas More

From Anglo-Norman or Middle English chaunceler, chanceler, canceler (“chief administrative or executive officer of a ruler; chancellor, secretary; private secretary, scribe; Lord Chancellor of England; officer of the ruler's exchequer; a high administrative or executive officer (for example, a deputy or representative of a bishop; the head of a university)”), from Old French cancelier, chancelier (“chancellor”), from Late Latin cancellārius (“secretary; doorkeeper, porter; usher of a court of law stationed at the bars separating the public from the judges”), from Latin cancellī (plural of cancellus (“grate; bars, barrier; railings”), diminutive of cancer (“grid; barrier”), from Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”)) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting an agent of use).
The word was present as Late Old English canceler, cancheler, from Norman cancheler, but was displaced in the 13th century by the Old French and Anglo-Norman forms mentioned above.

refn

From the Frick Collection in New York City, New York, USA.

مُسْتَشَار

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster

Lord Chancellor

The 6ᵗʰ daye after, the Duke beyng infourmyd of myne arryvayle, sent his Chancellour to myne inne, desyryng to knowe the cause of my comying tether; […]

1533 September 6, Stephen Vaughan, “CCCLXXVI. Vaughan to King Henry VIII.”, in State Papers Published under the Authority of Her Majesty’s Commission, volumes VII (King Henry the Eighth. Part V.—Continued.), London: Printed by George E[dward] Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […], published 1849, →OCLC, page 502:

We have in the Wiſedome and Dexteritie of, our right truſty and wellbeloved Counſellor, Thomas Lord Elleſmere, and for certen other eſpeciall Cauſes Us moving, have given and graunted unto the ſaid Thomas Lord Elleſmere the Office of our Lord Chauncellor of England, and given Aucthority to the ſaid Lord Elleſmere to heare examyne and determyne Cauſes Matters and Suytes as ſhall happen to bee, as well in our Chauncery as in our Starchamber, like as the Chauncellor of England or Keeper of the Greate Seale of England, […]

1603, Thomas Rymer, Robert Sanderson, “De Liberatura pro Domino Cancellario Angliæ”, in Fœdera, Conventiones, Literæ, et Cujuscunque Generis Acta Publica, inter Regis Angliæ, […], 2nd edition, volume XVI, London: Per J[acob] Tonson, published 1727, →OCLC, page 541, column 1:

But tho' this Family might make an honourable Figure at the Bar, yet it ſeems a little unaccountable how a Chancellor of the Bourbonnois came to be charg'd with the Reformation of the whole French Kingdom.

[1746?] October 25, “Lettre sur Jean Faust, &c. That is, A Letter Concerning John Faust, Printer of Mentz. By a Librarian of Geneva. Geneva, 1745.”, in [Mark Akenside], editor, The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume II, number XVI, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1746 (indicated on title page), →OCLC, page 106:

And everyone who'd marry a Ward / Must come to me for my accord, / And in my court I sit all day, / Giving agreeable girls away, / […] / And one for thou—and one for thee— / But never, oh never a one for me! / Which is exasperating, for / A highly susceptible Chancellor!

1882 November 25 (first performance), W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, music, […] Iolanthe; or, The Peer and the Peri, London: Chappell & Co., […], published [1885?], →OCLC, act I, page 10:

The chancellor [i.e., the Lord Chancellor] is the king's delegate, accountable only to him for his use of his absolute power to purge the defendant's conscience. But we can see in the citation of cases and precedents the influence of the new school of lawyer chancellors. The usages and customs of the court are a law to the court. It is fairly clear that the process which will reduce to rule and system the occasions upon which the chancellor will interfere to purge a corrupt conscience, has not as yet gone very far; but we can see in embryo the beginnings of this process.

1923, W[illiam] S[earle] Holdsworth, “English Law in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries (Continued): Developments outside the Sphere of the Common Law (Continued)”, in A History of English Law, volume V, London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. […], →OCLC, part II (The Equitable Jurisdiction of the Chancellor), pages 235–236:

A senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice.

[page 111] […] Lord Falkland […] took an Opportunity to tell the King, that He had now a good Opportunity to prefer Mr. Hyde, by making him Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the Place of Sir John Colepepper; […] [page 112] He [Colepepper] ſurrendered his Office of Chancellor of the Exchequer: And the next Day Mr. Hyde was ſworn of the Privy-Council, and Knighted, and had his Patents ſealed for that Office.

[1760, Edward, Earl of Clarendon [i.e., Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon], “Part the Second”, in The Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford. […], volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Printing-house, →OCLC, pages 111 and 112:

Chancellor Philip Hammond has told the BBC he and other MPs will "find a way" of blocking a no-deal Brexit. […] Mr Hammond is expected to be replaced as chancellor whoever wins the Conservative leadership election later this month.

2019 July 5, “Philip Hammond: MPs will and should Stop No-deal Brexit”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 2019-07-08:

Liz Truss has sacked Kwasi Kwarteng as her chancellor and replaced him with Jeremy Hunt ahead of a U-turn on key sections of her disastrous mini-budget, as she launched a desperate attempt to restore her crumbling political authority.

2022 October 14, “Liz Truss sacks Kwasi Kwarteng before corporation tax U-turn”, in The Guardian:

Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Exchequer#English

(UK politics) Ellipsis of Chancellor of the Exchequer.

the Austrian Chancellor

In the Reichstag, the Imperial Chancellor, Dr. [Theobald] von Bethmann-Hollweg, replied to questions upon the Zabern incident in a tone of protest and anger which has not been heard since the Morocco debate. Half the House itself was seething with indignation against the Government.

1913 December 13, “The Scandal in Alsace. Indignation of the Reichstag.”, in The North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette: The Weekly Edition of the North-China Daily News, volume CIX (New Series), number 2418, Shanghai: Printed and published at the offices of the North-China Daily News & Herald, Ld., →OCLC, page 783, column 1:

He was a moderate who wanted German unity and became Chancellor of Bavaria after the Prussian defeat of Austria.

2003, Owen Chadwick, A History of the Popes, 1830-1914, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 194:

Germany's Angela Merkel has said she will step down as chancellor in 2021, following recent election setbacks. "I will not be seeking any political post after my term ends," she told a news conference in Berlin.

2018 October 29, “Angela Merkel to Step down as German Chancellor in 2021”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 2019-06-30:

The head of the government in some German-speaking countries.

kancelar

head of government in some German-speaking countries

The Chancellor, as he is commonly called, who presides in the Diocesan Court, is appointed by the Bishop to the two ancient offices of Vicar General and Official Principal. When the Bishop, as was frequently the case, was absent from the Diocese, or for any other reason was unable to act in person, the Vicar General, as the name denotes, was his usual representative, while the exercise of his judicial authority he delegated to the Official Principal. For a long period of time the two offices have been always held together, and the Chancellor sometimes acts in one capacity and sometimes in the other.

1907 November 20, W. T. P., “The Consistory Court of St. Asaph”, in Bye-gones Relating to Wales and the Border Counties, volume X (New Series), Oswestry, Shropshire, Wrexham, Denbighshire: Woodall, Minshall, Thomas and Co.; London: Elliot Stock […], →OCLC, page 139:

(Christianity) A senior record keeper of a cathedral; a senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese in charge of hearing cases involving ecclesiastical law.

kansliapäällikkö

senior record keeper of a cathedral; senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese


цар

bg-noun

цар • (car) m (feminine цари́ца, relational adjective ца́рски)

car (romanization)
цари́ца (feminine)
ца́рски (adjective relational)
цар (indefinite singular)
царе́ (indefinite plural)
ца́рят (definite singular subjective)
царе́те (definite plural subjective)
ца́ря (definite objective singular)
царе́те (definite objective plural)
царю́ (singular vocative)
царе́ (plural vocative)

From Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.


цар

ца̏р (canonical masculine)
cȁr (romanization)
цар (nominative singular)
цареви (nominative plural)
цара (genitive singular)
царева (genitive plural)
цару (dative singular)
царевима (dative plural)
цара (accusative singular)
цареве (accusative plural)
царе (singular vocative)
цареви (plural vocative)
цару (locative singular)
царевима (locative plural)
царем (instrumental singular)
царевима (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, *cьsarь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

Подајте цару царево, а Богу Вожје.

Give the Emperor what belongs to the Emperor and God what belongs to God.

Бијаше један цар, и имађаше три сина и три ћерке.

1971, Бранко Б. Радичевић, Баш-Челик, Београд, page 1:

There once was a tsar and he had three daughters and three sons.


carica

cȁrica (canonical feminine)
ца̏рица (Cyrillic)
carica (nominative singular)
carice (nominative plural)
carice (genitive singular)
carica (genitive plural)
carici (dative singular)
caricama (dative plural)
caricu (accusative singular)
carice (accusative plural)
carice (singular vocative)
carice (plural vocative)
carici (locative singular)
caricama (locative plural)
caricom (instrumental singular)
caricama (instrumental plural)


carica

caríca (canonical feminine)
cār (masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
caríca (nominative singular)
caríci (dual nominative)
caríce (nominative plural)
caríce (genitive singular)
caríc (dual genitive)
caríc (genitive plural)
caríci (dative singular)
carícama (dative dual)
carícam (dative plural)
caríco (accusative singular)
caríci (accusative dual)
caríce (accusative plural)
caríci (locative singular)
carícah (dual locative)
carícah (locative plural)
caríco (instrumental singular)
carícama (dual instrumental)
carícami (instrumental plural)


Khan

de-noun

Khan m (strong, genitive Khans, plural Khane)

Khans (genitive)
Khane (plural)
Khan (nominative singular)
Khane (definite nominative plural)
Khans (genitive singular)
Khane (definite genitive plural)
Khan (dative singular)
Khanen (dative definite plural)
Khan (accusative singular)
Khane (accusative definite plural)

From Old French chan, from Medieval Latin canus, caanus, of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic xān (“Central Asian khan”), probably ultimately of non-Turkic (Central Asian) origin.


Monarch

Monarch m (weak, genitive Monarchen, plural Monarchen, feminine Monarchin)

Monarchen (genitive)
Monarchen (plural)
Monarchin (feminine)
Monarch (nominative singular)
Monarchen (definite nominative plural)
Monarchen (genitive singular)
Monarchen (definite genitive plural)
Monarchen (dative singular)
Monarchen (dative definite plural)
Monarchen (accusative singular)
Monarchen (accusative definite plural)


Kaiser

Inherited from Middle English kayser, from Old High German keisar (“emperor”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz. The native Old English descendant of that Proto-Germanic word was cāser (“emperor”), but the shape of Middle English kayser (“emperor”) (versus the expected *caser, *coser) suggests it was borrowed from another Germanic language rather than inherited, and the modern English spelling and sense seem to be modified after modern German rather than a direct continuation of Middle English. Compare tsar, which was borrowed from Slavic.
Doublet of Caesar and tsar.

ці́сар

particularly the Austro-Hungarian emperor

An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.


Kaiser

Kaiser m (strong, genitive Kaisers, plural Kaiser, feminine Kaiserin)

Kaisers (genitive)
Kaiser (plural)
Kaiserin (feminine)
Kaiser (nominative singular)
Kaiser (definite nominative plural)
Kaisers (genitive singular)
Kaiser (definite genitive plural)
Kaiser (dative singular)
Kaisern (dative definite plural)
Kaiser (accusative singular)
Kaiser (accusative definite plural)

→ Russian: ка́йзер (kájzer, kájzɛr)

→ Upper Sorbian: kejžor

From Middle High German keiser, from Old High German keisar, keisur, from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar (“emperor”), borrowed from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Cäsar and Zar.

emperor (ruler of certain monarchies; highest monarch)


Kaiser

de-proper noun

der Kaiser m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Kaisers)

der Kaiser (canonical masculine)
des Kaisers (definite genitive)

In Mexiko kam der virtuelle Beckenbauer aber noch nicht zum Einsatz, wegen der dünnen Luft („Montezumas Rache“). Und aus Datenschutzgründen nicht bei der Heim-EM 1988 in Deutschland. Einen ersten unbemerkten Kurzzeiteinsatz des Kaisers als Hologramm gab es bei der WM 1990, im Spiel der Deutschen gegen die Tschechoslowakei (1:0).

2024 February 27, Gerald Fricke, “Der Beckenbavatar”, in taz:

(soccer, colloquial) nickname of Franz Beckenbauer


Kaiser

Do kommd de Kaiser!


Tenno

de-noun

Tenno m (strong, genitive Tennos or Tenno, plural Tennos)

Tennos (genitive)
Tenno (genitive)
Tennos (plural)
Tenno (nominative singular)
Tennos (definite nominative plural)
Tennos (genitive singular)
Tenno (genitive singular)
Tennos (definite genitive plural)
Tenno (dative singular)
Tennos (dative definite plural)
Tenno (accusative singular)
Tennos (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Japanese 天皇(てんのう) (tennō), from Middle Chinese 天皇 (tʰen ɦwɑŋ) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”.


Zar

Zar m (weak, genitive Zaren, plural Zaren, feminine Zarin)

Zaren (genitive)
Zaren (plural)
Zarin (feminine)
Zar (nominative singular)
Zaren (definite nominative plural)
Zaren (genitive singular)
Zaren (definite genitive plural)
Zaren (dative singular)
Zaren (dative definite plural)
Zaren (accusative singular)
Zaren (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Kaiser and Cäsar.


首相

ja-noun

首(しゅ)相(しょう) • (shushō) ^(←しゆしやう (syusyau)?)

首相 (canonical)
shushō (romanization)
syusyau (romanization)
しゆしやう (hiragana historical)

ドイツの首相


virreina

es-noun

virreina f (plural virreinas, masculine virrey, masculine plural virreyes)

virreinas (plural)
virrey (masculine)
virreyes (masculine plural)


vicereine

From French vice-reine, from vice- + reine (“queen”).


kalif

kalif (nominative singular)
kalifowie (nominative plural)
kalify (derogatory nominative plural)
kalifa (genitive singular)
kalifów (genitive plural)
kalifowi (dative singular)
kalifom (dative plural)
kalifa (accusative singular)
kalifów (accusative plural)
kalifem (instrumental singular)
kalifami (instrumental plural)
kalifie (locative singular)
kalifach (locative plural)
kalifie (singular vocative)
kalifowie (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English caliph, French calife, German Kalif, ultimately from Arabic خليفة.

caliph (monarchical title based on claim to be a successor of Muhammad)


emir

From Middle French emir, from Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”). Doublet of amir, Amir, admiral, and amira.


emir

head

emir c (singular definite emiren, plural indefinite emirer)

emiren (definite singular)
emirer (indefinite plural)
emir (indefinite nominative singular)
emiren (definite nominative singular)
emirer (indefinite nominative plural)
emirerne (definite nominative plural)
emirs (genitive indefinite singular)
emirens (definite genitive singular)
emirers (genitive indefinite plural)
emirernes (definite genitive plural)

From Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”).


emir

From French émir, from Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”). Doublet of admiraal.


emir

emiren (definite singular)
emirer (indefinite plural)
emirene (definite plural)


emir

emiren (definite singular)
emirar (indefinite plural)
emirane (definite plural)


emir

emir (nominative singular)
emirowie (nominative plural)
emiry (derogatory nominative plural)
emira (genitive singular)
emirów (genitive plural)
emirowi (dative singular)
emirom (dative plural)
emira (accusative singular)
emirów (accusative plural)
emirem (instrumental singular)
emirami (instrumental plural)
emirze (locative singular)
emirach (locative plural)
emirze (singular vocative)
emirowie (plural vocative)
emiry (derogatory plural vocative)

(historical) emir (commander of armies in Arab countries until the 7th century; later: grand-governor of a conquered province)


emir

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”).


emir

emiri (plural)
emir (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
emirul (accusative definite nominative singular)
emiri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
emirii (accusative definite nominative plural)
emir (indefinite singular)
emirului (definite singular)
emiri (indefinite plural)
emirilor (definite plural)
emirule (singular vocative)
emirilor (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French émir, from Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr).


emir

→ Tagalog: emir


emir

emir (indefinite nominative singular)
emirs (genitive indefinite singular)
emiren (definite nominative singular)
emirens (definite genitive singular)
emirer (indefinite nominative plural)
emirers (genitive indefinite plural)
emirerna (definite nominative plural)
emirernas (definite genitive plural)


regent

/ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/

From Middle English regent, from Anglo-Norman regent, Middle French regent, and their source, Latin regēns (“ruling; ruler, governor, prince”), present participle of regō (“I govern, I steer”).

der

One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled.

(Scotland, Canada, US) A member of governing board of a college or university; also a governor of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC.


regent

en-adj

regent (comparative more regent, superlative most regent)

more regent (comparative)
most regent (superlative)

/ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/

the regent powers

1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


regent

ca-adj

regent m or f (masculine and feminine plural regents)


regent

nl-noun

regent m (plural regenten, diminutive regentje n, feminine regentes)

regenten (plural)
regentje (diminutive neuter)
regentes (feminine)

From Middle Dutch regent, from Middle French regent, from Old French regent, from Latin regēns.

regent, acting head of state in a monarch's place


regent

pl-noun

regent m pers (female equivalent regentka, related adjective regencki)

regentka (feminine)
regencki (adjective)
regent (nominative singular)
regenci (nominative plural)
regenty (derogatory nominative plural)
regenta (genitive singular)
regentów (genitive plural)
regentowi (dative singular)
regentom (dative plural)
regenta (accusative singular)
regentów (accusative plural)
regentem (instrumental singular)
regentami (instrumental plural)
regencie (locative singular)
regentach (locative plural)
regencie (singular vocative)
regenci (plural vocative)

regent (person who rules in place of the monarch)

(historical) official in charge of a royal chancellery, a secretary to the chancellor or the sub-chancellor; also: an official looking after the chancellery and court archives


regent

regenți (plural)
regent (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
regentul (accusative definite nominative singular)
regenți (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
regenții (accusative definite nominative plural)
regent (indefinite singular)
regentului (definite singular)
regenți (indefinite plural)
regenților (definite plural)
regentule (singular vocative)
regenților (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French regent, from Latin regēns.


regent

regent (indefinite nominative singular)
regents (genitive indefinite singular)
regenten (definite nominative singular)
regentens (definite genitive singular)
regenter (indefinite nominative plural)
regenters (genitive indefinite plural)
regenterna (definite nominative plural)
regenternas (definite genitive plural)


sah

sahok (plural)
sah (nominative singular)
sahok (nominative plural)
sahot (accusative singular)
sahokat (accusative plural)
sahnak (dative singular)
sahoknak (dative plural)
sahhal (instrumental singular)
sahokkal (instrumental plural)
sahért (causal-final singular)
sahokért (causal-final plural)
sahhá (singular translative)
sahokká (plural translative)
sahig (singular terminative)
sahokig (plural terminative)
sahként (essive-formal singular)
sahokként (essive-formal plural)
sahban (inessive singular)
sahokban (inessive plural)
sahon (singular superessive)
sahokon (plural superessive)
sahnál (adessive singular)
sahoknál (adessive plural)
sahba (illative singular)
sahokba (illative plural)
sahra (singular sublative)
sahokra (plural sublative)
sahhoz (allative singular)
sahokhoz (allative plural)
sahból (elative singular)
sahokból (elative plural)
sahról (delative singular)
sahokról (delative plural)
sahtól (ablative singular)
sahoktól (ablative plural)
sahé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
sahoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
sahéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
sahokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
sahom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
sahjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
sahod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sahjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
sahja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sahjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
sahunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
sahjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
sahotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sahjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
sahjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sahjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish شاه (şâh, “ruler, shah”), from Persian شاه (šâh, “king”). Doublet of sakk.


Caesar

From Latin Caesar. Displaced Old English cāsere, which would have yielded *caser, *coser, and Middle English keiser, kaiser, from Old Norse and continental Germanic languages. All ultimately from the same Latin root. (See also Kaiser and tsar.)

The Caesars were an ancient and aristocratic family, which for eight generations had been prominent in the commonwealth.

1891, William Rainey Harper, Herbert Cushing Tolman, Eight Books of Caesar’s Gallic War, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh., Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company, page 2:

Habel, 63 ff., believes that up to 51 the emperors bestowed priesthoods on the Caesares, using their special power of commendation; but that these Caesares were forced to wait until a place in a college was vacant; that after 51 the Caesares were elected by the senate.

1955, Papers and Monographs of the w:American Academy in Rome, volume 16, page 100:

To the powerful, the Caesares were flattering, deferential, sincerely devoted, self-sacrificing, loyal, eagerly serving.

1965, Taylor Caldwell, A Pillar of Iron, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 128:

Five of the Caesares were killed during the years 90-85 (D. G., 3, 114).

1975, Collection Latomus, volume 142, page 39:

[…] Off. 1.133 and Att. 13.19.4 do not establish the uterine relationship of Catulus and the Caesares, merely the fact that Catulus and the Caesares were regarded as fratres.

1996, Antichthon, volumes 34–36, page 56:

Of the two plebeian candidates Silanus obviously counted on the assistance of Manlius, who was in office and to whom he was related from the grandfather, but his rival, a Minucius who had become a Marcius, counted on the patrician rival Caesar and on the other consul, L. Aurelius Cotta, because the Caesares were related by marriage both with the Marcii and the Cottae; in fact, Silanus was defeated by their coalition.

1999, Friedrich Münzer, translated by Thérèse Ridley, Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 319:

The Pulchri were a branch of the Clodius family, just as the Caesares were of the Julii.

2000, Richard W[alter] Hooper, Representative Chapters in Ancient History: From Romulus to Justinian, University Press of America, →ISBN, page 542:

He was joined on this commission by C. Caesar Strabo (RE Iulius no. 135), of another branch of the Caesares, who had stressed his heritage by adding the old Julian praenomen Vopiscus (see the cos. 473, MRR 1.29) to his name as a cognomen.

2009, Ernst Badian, “From the Iulii to Caesar”, in Miriam Griffin, editor, A Companion to Julius Caesar, Wiley Blackwell, →ISBN, page 15:

By about the middle of the 2nd cent., the Caesares were claiming descent from *Ascanius and, through him, from his grandmother Venus (see the coins Crawford, RRC 258, 129 bc, and 320, 103 bc, the latter with a symbolic reference to Apollo, the ancient god of the gens).

2012, Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth, Esther Eidinow, editors, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 755:

An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar.


rege

ro-noun

rege m (plural regi, feminine equivalent regină)

regi (plural)
equivalent regină (feminine)
rege (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
regele (accusative definite nominative singular)
regi (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
regii (accusative definite nominative plural)
rege (indefinite singular)
regelui (definite singular)
regi (indefinite plural)
regilor (definite plural)
rege (singular vocative)
regilor (plural vocative)

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin rēgem, accusative of rēx (19th century). Doublet of rigă.


sár

head

sár m (genitive singular sáir, nominative plural sáir)

sáir (genitive singular)
sáir (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
sár (indefinite singular)
sáir (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a sháir (indefinite singular)
a shára (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
sáir (indefinite singular)
sár (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an sár (definite singular)
na sáir (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an tsáir (definite singular)
na sár (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an sár (definite singular)
don sár (definite singular)
leis na sáir (definite plural)

From a conflation of Old Irish sár m (“chief, ruler”) and English tsar, Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. The Old Irish may be elliptical for some such compound like (modern) sárfhear.


Kanzler

de-noun

Kanzler m (strong, genitive Kanzlers, plural Kanzler, feminine Kanzlerin)

Kanzlers (genitive)
Kanzler (plural)
Kanzlerin (feminine)
Kanzler (nominative singular)
Kanzler (definite nominative plural)
Kanzlers (genitive singular)
Kanzler (definite genitive plural)
Kanzler (dative singular)
Kanzlern (dative definite plural)
Kanzler (accusative singular)
Kanzler (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German kanzelære, from Old High German canzilāri (ca. 900), borrowed from Late Latin cancellārius, derived from Latin cancellus. By surface analysis, Kanzel + -er, but semantically pertaining more closely to Kanzlei (itself derived from the former). Compare English chancellor.
The use for a head of government developed in a monarchic context from that for a senior administrator. After WWI it was maintained in the newly created republics, particularly as the respective heads of state (Präsident) continued to have far-reaching competences. At least in Germany this is no longer the case, making the title somewhat abstract.

chancellor (title of a head of government)

(Germany, Austria) Short for Bundeskanzler.

(education) head of the administration of a university

(diplomacy) head of the administration of an embassy or consulate

(historical) head of a chancellory; chief secretary of a bishop or ruler


god-king

devaraja

Southeast Asian, Hindu-Buddhist divine monarch

A statesman who holds all the state's powers and has religious significance to his constituency.

(literally) A monarch who is also a god.

(derogatory, computing) A tyrannical maintainer of a collaborative project.


король

ru-noun+

короле́вский

коро́ль • (korólʹ) m anim (genitive короля́, nominative plural короли́, genitive plural короле́й, feminine короле́ва, relational adjective короле́вский, diminutive королёк)

коро́ль (canonical)
korólʹ (romanization)
короля́ (genitive)
короли́ (nominative plural)
короле́й (genitive plural)
короле́ва (feminine)
короле́вский (adjective relational)
королёк (diminutive)
коро́ль (nominative singular)
короли́ (nominative plural)
короля́ (genitive singular)
короле́й (genitive plural)
королю́ (dative singular)
короля́м (dative plural)
короля́ (accusative singular)
короле́й (accusative plural)
королём (instrumental singular)
короля́ми (instrumental plural)
короле́ (prepositional singular)
короля́х (plural prepositional)
коро́ль (dated nominative singular)
короли́ (dated nominative plural)
короля́ (dated genitive singular)
короле́й (dated genitive plural)
королю́ (dated dative singular)
короля́мъ (dated dative plural)
короля́ (accusative dated singular)
короле́й (accusative dated plural)
королёмъ (dated instrumental singular)
короля́ми (dated instrumental plural)
королѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
короля́хъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Kazakh: король (korol)

→ Kyrgyz: король (korol)

→ Tatar: король (qorol’)

→ Turkmen: korol

→ Uzbek: korol

Inherited from Old East Slavic король (korolĭ), from Proto-Slavic *korľь.


король

uk-noun

королі́вський

коро́ль • (korólʹ) m pers (genitive короля́, nominative plural королі́, genitive plural королі́в, feminine короле́ва, relational adjective королі́вський, diminutive коро́лик)

коро́ль (canonical)
korólʹ (romanization)
короля́ (genitive)
королі́ (nominative plural)
королі́в (genitive plural)
короле́ва (feminine)
королі́вський (adjective relational)
коро́лик (diminutive)
коро́ль (nominative singular)
королі́ (nominative plural)
короля́ (genitive singular)
королі́в (genitive plural)
короле́ві (dative singular)
королю́ (dative singular)
короля́м (dative plural)
короля́ (accusative singular)
королі́в (accusative plural)
короле́м (instrumental singular)
короля́ми (instrumental plural)
короле́ві (locative singular)
королю́ (locative singular)
королі́ (locative singular)
короля́х (locative plural)
коро́лю (singular vocative)
королі́ (plural vocative)

From Old East Slavic король (korolĭ), from Proto-Slavic *korľь. Doublet of кріль (krilʹ).


keisari

fo-noun

keisari m (genitive singular keisara, plural keisarar)

keisara (genitive singular)
keisarar (plural)
keisari (indefinite nominative singular)
keisarin (definite nominative singular)
keisarar (indefinite nominative plural)
keisararnir (definite nominative plural)
keisara (accusative indefinite singular)
keisaran (accusative definite singular)
keisarar (accusative indefinite plural)
keisararnar (accusative definite plural)
keisara (dative indefinite singular)
keisaranum (dative definite singular)
keisarum (dative indefinite plural)
keisarunum (dative definite plural)
keisara (genitive indefinite singular)
keisarans (definite genitive singular)
keisara (genitive indefinite plural)
keisaranna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse keisari, from Middle Low German keiser, from Old High German keisar, keisur, originally from the Latin name Caesar.


keisari

keisari (nominative singular)
keisarit (nominative plural)
keisari (accusative nominative singular)
keisarit (accusative nominative plural)
keisarin (accusative genitive singular)
keisarit (accusative genitive plural)
keisarin (genitive singular)
keisarien (genitive plural)
keisareiden (genitive plural)
keisareitten (genitive plural)
keisaria (partitive singular)
keisareita (partitive plural)
keisareja (partitive plural)
keisarissa (inessive singular)
keisareissa (inessive plural)
keisarista (elative singular)
keisareista (elative plural)
keisariin (illative singular)
keisareihin (illative plural)
keisarilla (adessive singular)
keisareilla (adessive plural)
keisarilta (ablative singular)
keisareilta (ablative plural)
keisarille (allative singular)
keisareille (allative plural)
keisarina (essive singular)
keisareina (essive plural)
keisariksi (singular translative)
keisareiksi (plural translative)
keisaritta (abessive singular)
keisareitta (abessive plural)
keisarein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
keisarini (nominative singular)
keisarini (nominative plural)
keisarini (accusative nominative singular)
keisarini (accusative nominative plural)
keisarini (accusative genitive singular)
keisarini (accusative genitive plural)
keisarini (genitive singular)
keisarieni (genitive plural)
keisareideni (genitive plural)
keisareitteni (genitive plural)
keisariani (partitive singular)
keisareitani (partitive plural)
keisarejani (partitive plural)
keisarissani (inessive singular)
keisareissani (inessive plural)
keisaristani (elative singular)
keisareistani (elative plural)
keisariini (illative singular)
keisareihini (illative plural)
keisarillani (adessive singular)
keisareillani (adessive plural)
keisariltani (ablative singular)
keisareiltani (ablative plural)
keisarilleni (allative singular)
keisareilleni (allative plural)
keisarinani (essive singular)
keisareinani (essive plural)
keisarikseni (singular translative)
keisareikseni (plural translative)
keisarittani (abessive singular)
keisareittani (abessive plural)
keisareineni (comitative plural)
keisarisi (nominative singular)
keisarisi (nominative plural)
keisarisi (accusative nominative singular)
keisarisi (accusative nominative plural)
keisarisi (accusative genitive singular)
keisarisi (accusative genitive plural)
keisarisi (genitive singular)
keisariesi (genitive plural)
keisareidesi (genitive plural)
keisareittesi (genitive plural)
keisariasi (partitive singular)
keisareitasi (partitive plural)
keisarejasi (partitive plural)
keisarissasi (inessive singular)
keisareissasi (inessive plural)
keisaristasi (elative singular)
keisareistasi (elative plural)
keisariisi (illative singular)
keisareihisi (illative plural)
keisarillasi (adessive singular)
keisareillasi (adessive plural)
keisariltasi (ablative singular)
keisareiltasi (ablative plural)
keisarillesi (allative singular)
keisareillesi (allative plural)
keisarinasi (essive singular)
keisareinasi (essive plural)
keisariksesi (singular translative)
keisareiksesi (plural translative)
keisarittasi (abessive singular)
keisareittasi (abessive plural)
keisareinesi (comitative plural)
keisarimme (nominative singular)
keisarimme (nominative plural)
keisarimme (accusative nominative singular)
keisarimme (accusative nominative plural)
keisarimme (accusative genitive singular)
keisarimme (accusative genitive plural)
keisarimme (genitive singular)
keisariemme (genitive plural)
keisareidemme (genitive plural)
keisareittemme (genitive plural)
keisariamme (partitive singular)
keisareitamme (partitive plural)
keisarejamme (partitive plural)
keisarissamme (inessive singular)
keisareissamme (inessive plural)
keisaristamme (elative singular)
keisareistamme (elative plural)
keisariimme (illative singular)
keisareihimme (illative plural)
keisarillamme (adessive singular)
keisareillamme (adessive plural)
keisariltamme (ablative singular)
keisareiltamme (ablative plural)
keisarillemme (allative singular)
keisareillemme (allative plural)
keisarinamme (essive singular)
keisareinamme (essive plural)
keisariksemme (singular translative)
keisareiksemme (plural translative)
keisarittamme (abessive singular)
keisareittamme (abessive plural)
keisareinemme (comitative plural)
keisarinne (nominative singular)
keisarinne (nominative plural)
keisarinne (accusative nominative singular)
keisarinne (accusative nominative plural)
keisarinne (accusative genitive singular)
keisarinne (accusative genitive plural)
keisarinne (genitive singular)
keisarienne (genitive plural)
keisareidenne (genitive plural)
keisareittenne (genitive plural)
keisarianne (partitive singular)
keisareitanne (partitive plural)
keisarejanne (partitive plural)
keisarissanne (inessive singular)
keisareissanne (inessive plural)
keisaristanne (elative singular)
keisareistanne (elative plural)
keisariinne (illative singular)
keisareihinne (illative plural)
keisarillanne (adessive singular)
keisareillanne (adessive plural)
keisariltanne (ablative singular)
keisareiltanne (ablative plural)
keisarillenne (allative singular)
keisareillenne (allative plural)
keisarinanne (essive singular)
keisareinanne (essive plural)
keisariksenne (singular translative)
keisareiksenne (plural translative)
keisarittanne (abessive singular)
keisareittanne (abessive plural)
keisareinenne (comitative plural)
keisarinsa (nominative singular)
keisarinsa (nominative plural)
keisarinsa (accusative nominative singular)
keisarinsa (accusative nominative plural)
keisarinsa (accusative genitive singular)
keisarinsa (accusative genitive plural)
keisarinsa (genitive singular)
keisariensa (genitive plural)
keisareidensa (genitive plural)
keisareittensa (genitive plural)
keisariaan (partitive singular)
keisariansa (partitive singular)
keisareitaan (partitive plural)
keisarejaan (partitive plural)
keisareitansa (partitive plural)
keisarejansa (partitive plural)
keisarissaan (inessive singular)
keisarissansa (inessive singular)
keisareissaan (inessive plural)
keisareissansa (inessive plural)
keisaristaan (elative singular)
keisaristansa (elative singular)
keisareistaan (elative plural)
keisareistansa (elative plural)
keisariinsa (illative singular)
keisareihinsa (illative plural)
keisarillaan (adessive singular)
keisarillansa (adessive singular)
keisareillaan (adessive plural)
keisareillansa (adessive plural)
keisariltaan (ablative singular)
keisariltansa (ablative singular)
keisareiltaan (ablative plural)
keisareiltansa (ablative plural)
keisarilleen (allative singular)
keisarillensa (allative singular)
keisareilleen (allative plural)
keisareillensa (allative plural)
keisarinaan (essive singular)
keisarinansa (essive singular)
keisareinaan (essive plural)
keisareinansa (essive plural)
keisarikseen (singular translative)
keisariksensa (singular translative)
keisareikseen (plural translative)
keisareiksensa (plural translative)
keisarittaan (abessive singular)
keisarittansa (abessive singular)
keisareittaan (abessive plural)
keisareittansa (abessive plural)
keisareineen (comitative plural)
keisareinensa (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Old Swedish keysar, keysare, from Middle Low German keiser, from Old High German keisar, keisur, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of tsaari.


keisari

is-noun

keisari m (genitive singular keisara, nominative plural keisarar)

keisara (genitive singular)
keisarar (nominative plural)
keisari (indefinite nominative singular)
keisarinn (definite nominative singular)
keisarar (indefinite nominative plural)
keisararnir (definite nominative plural)
keisara (accusative indefinite singular)
keisarann (accusative definite singular)
keisara (accusative indefinite plural)
keisarana (accusative definite plural)
keisara (dative indefinite singular)
keisaranum (dative definite singular)
keisurum (dative indefinite plural)
keisurunum (dative definite plural)
keisara (genitive indefinite singular)
keisarans (definite genitive singular)
keisara (genitive indefinite plural)
keisaranna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse keisari, from Middle Low German keiser, keisar keisur originally from the Latin name Caesar.

emperor, czar; a sovereign ruler of a state who outranks all other sovereigns in said state, usually one who has power over kings.


dronning

head

dronning c (singular definite dronningen, plural indefinite dronninger)

dronningen (definite singular)
dronninger (indefinite plural)
dronning (indefinite nominative singular)
dronningen (definite nominative singular)
dronninger (indefinite nominative plural)
dronningerne (definite nominative plural)
dronnings (genitive indefinite singular)
dronningens (definite genitive singular)
dronningers (genitive indefinite plural)
dronningernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse dróttning (“mistress, queen”), cognate with Swedish drottning. Derived from dróttinn (“lord, leader”) (Danish drot).

(figuratively) queen (a person who is leading in a certain area)

(zoology) queen (the reproductive female in social insect species)


dronning

dronninga (definite singular)
dronningen (definite singular)
dronninger (indefinite plural)
dronningene (definite plural)

(zoology, entomology) queen (the reproductive female in social insect species)


dronning

dronninga (definite singular)
dronningar (indefinite plural)
dronningane (definite plural)

[²dɾɞ̞n.nɪŋ]


konge

konge c (singular definite kongen, plural indefinite konger)

kongen (definite singular)
konger (indefinite plural)
konge (indefinite nominative singular)
kongen (definite nominative singular)
konger (indefinite nominative plural)
kongerne (definite nominative plural)
konges (genitive indefinite singular)
kongens (definite genitive singular)
kongers (genitive indefinite plural)
kongernes (definite genitive plural)

Norwegian Bokmål: konge

→ Greenlandic: kunngi

Older konning, from Old Norse konungr (“king”), from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz (“king”), cognate with Swedish konung, English king, German König, Dutch koning. Derived from *kunją (“kin, clan”) (Danish køn).

(figuratively) king (a person who is leading in a certain area)


konge

kongen (definite singular)
konger (indefinite plural)
kongene (definite plural)

From Old Norse konungr and kongr, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz (“king”).


konge

kongen (definite singular)
kongar (indefinite plural)
kongane (definite plural)

From Old Norse kongr and konungr, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. Akin to English king. The adjective is derived from the noun.


König

de-noun

König m (strong, genitive Königes or Königs, plural Könige)

Königes (genitive)
Königs (genitive)
Könige (plural)
König (nominative singular)
Könige (definite nominative plural)
Königs (genitive singular)
Königes (genitive singular)
Könige (definite genitive plural)
König (dative singular)
Könige (dative singular)
Königen (dative definite plural)
König (accusative singular)
Könige (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German künec, from Old High German kuning (rarer kunig), from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.
The development Old High German -ning → later -nig is regular (see Pfennig). The modern vocalism -ö- is chiefly Central and Low German; compare Middle Low German köninc, from Old Saxon kuning.
Cognate with Old Dutch kuning (whence Dutch koning), Old English cyning (whence English king), Old Norse konungr (whence e.g. Danish konge). The word was borrowed into non-Germanic languages in Proto-Germanic times: Finnish and Estonian kuningas, Russian князь (knjazʹ).

unter den Blinden ist der Einäugige König


König

Borrowed from Middle Low German kȫnnich, from Old Saxon kuning. Cognates include German Low German König. Doublet of Kening.


xá

Borrowed from Persian شاه (šâh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāh), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/).


konungur

is-noun

konungur m (genitive singular konungs, nominative plural konungar)

konungs (genitive singular)
konungar (nominative plural)
konungur (indefinite nominative singular)
konungurinn (definite nominative singular)
konungar (indefinite nominative plural)
konungarnir (definite nominative plural)
konung (accusative indefinite singular)
konunginn (accusative definite singular)
konunga (accusative indefinite plural)
konungana (accusative definite plural)
konungi (dative indefinite singular)
konunginum (dative definite singular)
konungnum (dative definite singular)
konungum (dative indefinite plural)
konungunum (dative definite plural)
konungs (genitive indefinite singular)
konungsins (definite genitive singular)
konunga (genitive indefinite plural)
konunganna (definite genitive plural)

[ˈkʰoɔ̯ːnuŋkʉ̞r̥]

From Old Norse konungr, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.

Kristján X var síðasti — og eini — konungur Íslands, þrátt fyrir nafnið sitt.
Kristján X was the last — and only — king of Iceland, despite his name.

A king; the male ruler of a sovereign nation, usually one who inherits his position through right of birth.


banríon

head

banríon f (genitive singular banríona, nominative plural banríonacha)

banríona (genitive singular)
banríonacha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
banríon (indefinite singular)
banríonacha (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a bhanríon (indefinite singular)
a bhanríonacha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
banríona (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an bhanríon (definite singular)
na banríonacha (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na banríona (definite singular)
na mbanríonacha (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an mbanríon (definite singular)
don bhanríon (definite singular)
leis na banríonacha (definite plural)
banríon
bhanríon
mbanríon

/ˈbˠanˠɾˠiːnˠ/

/ˈbʲænɾˠiən/

/ˈbˠaːnˠˌɾˠiːnˠ/

[ˈbˠaːnˠˌrˠiːnˠ]

PIE word
 *gʷḗn
Inherited from Old Irish banríga(i)n. By surface analysis, ban- + ríon.

Thug an bhanríoghan an t‑ógánach isteach ’san phálás, ⁊ bhí righeacht ⁊ saidhbhreas an tsean-ríogh alig aige; ⁊ bhí sé féin ⁊ a mháthair go sona, seunmhar ó shin amach: ⁊ mar robh siad-san go mbeidh sinne.

1894 March 14, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:

The queen brought the youth into her own palace, and he had the kingdom and riches of the old king, and himself and his mother were happy and prosperous from that forth, and like them may we too be.


rí

rí m (genitive singular rí, nominative plural ríthe)

rí (genitive singular)
ríthe (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
rí (indefinite singular)
ríthe (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a rí (indefinite singular)
a ríthe (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an rí (definite singular)
na ríthe (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an rí (definite singular)
don rí (definite singular)
leis na ríthe (definite plural)

From Middle Irish rí, from Old Irish rí, from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).


rí

head

rí m (genitive ríg, nominative plural ríg)

Irish: rí

Manx: ree

Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

From Old Irish rí, from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-.

Boí rí amra for Laignib, .i. Mac Dathó a ainm.

c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

There was a wonderful king over the Leinstermen; Mac Dathó was his name.


rí

ríg (genitive)
ríg (nominative plural)
rí (nominative singular)
ríg (dual nominative)
ríg (nominative plural)
rí (singular vocative)
ríg (dual vocative)
ríga (plural vocative)
ríg (accusative singular)
ríg (accusative dual)
ríga (accusative plural)
ríg (genitive singular)
ríg (dual genitive)
ríg (genitive plural)
ríg (dative singular)
rígaib (dative dual)
rígaib (dative plural)

desctree

Middle Irish: rí
Irish: rí
Manx: ree
Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

From Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-. Cognates include Sanskrit राज् (rāj, “king”), राजन् (rājan), and Latin rēx (“king”).

amtis forbristi ind ríg, glosses principibus oppressis


faarao

faarao (nominative singular)
faaraot (nominative plural)
faarao (accusative nominative singular)
faaraot (accusative nominative plural)
faaraon (accusative genitive singular)
faaraot (accusative genitive plural)
faaraon (genitive singular)
faaraoiden (genitive plural)
faaraoitten (genitive plural)
faaraota (partitive singular)
faaraoita (partitive plural)
faaraossa (inessive singular)
faaraoissa (inessive plural)
faaraosta (elative singular)
faaraoista (elative plural)
faaraoon (illative singular)
faaraoihin (illative plural)
faaraolla (adessive singular)
faaraoilla (adessive plural)
faaraolta (ablative singular)
faaraoilta (ablative plural)
faaraolle (allative singular)
faaraoille (allative plural)
faaraona (essive singular)
faaraoina (essive plural)
faaraoksi (singular translative)
faaraoiksi (plural translative)
faaraotta (abessive singular)
faaraoitta (abessive plural)
faaraoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
faaraoni (nominative singular)
faaraoni (nominative plural)
faaraoni (accusative nominative singular)
faaraoni (accusative nominative plural)
faaraoni (accusative genitive singular)
faaraoni (accusative genitive plural)
faaraoni (genitive singular)
faaraoideni (genitive plural)
faaraoitteni (genitive plural)
faaraotani (partitive singular)
faaraoitani (partitive plural)
faaraossani (inessive singular)
faaraoissani (inessive plural)
faaraostani (elative singular)
faaraoistani (elative plural)
faaraooni (illative singular)
faaraoihini (illative plural)
faaraollani (adessive singular)
faaraoillani (adessive plural)
faaraoltani (ablative singular)
faaraoiltani (ablative plural)
faaraolleni (allative singular)
faaraoilleni (allative plural)
faaraonani (essive singular)
faaraoinani (essive plural)
faaraokseni (singular translative)
faaraoikseni (plural translative)
faaraottani (abessive singular)
faaraoittani (abessive plural)
faaraoineni (comitative plural)
faaraosi (nominative singular)
faaraosi (nominative plural)
faaraosi (accusative nominative singular)
faaraosi (accusative nominative plural)
faaraosi (accusative genitive singular)
faaraosi (accusative genitive plural)
faaraosi (genitive singular)
faaraoidesi (genitive plural)
faaraoittesi (genitive plural)
faaraotasi (partitive singular)
faaraoitasi (partitive plural)
faaraossasi (inessive singular)
faaraoissasi (inessive plural)
faaraostasi (elative singular)
faaraoistasi (elative plural)
faaraoosi (illative singular)
faaraoihisi (illative plural)
faaraollasi (adessive singular)
faaraoillasi (adessive plural)
faaraoltasi (ablative singular)
faaraoiltasi (ablative plural)
faaraollesi (allative singular)
faaraoillesi (allative plural)
faaraonasi (essive singular)
faaraoinasi (essive plural)
faaraoksesi (singular translative)
faaraoiksesi (plural translative)
faaraottasi (abessive singular)
faaraoittasi (abessive plural)
faaraoinesi (comitative plural)
faaraomme (nominative singular)
faaraomme (nominative plural)
faaraomme (accusative nominative singular)
faaraomme (accusative nominative plural)
faaraomme (accusative genitive singular)
faaraomme (accusative genitive plural)
faaraomme (genitive singular)
faaraoidemme (genitive plural)
faaraoittemme (genitive plural)
faaraotamme (partitive singular)
faaraoitamme (partitive plural)
faaraossamme (inessive singular)
faaraoissamme (inessive plural)
faaraostamme (elative singular)
faaraoistamme (elative plural)
faaraoomme (illative singular)
faaraoihimme (illative plural)
faaraollamme (adessive singular)
faaraoillamme (adessive plural)
faaraoltamme (ablative singular)
faaraoiltamme (ablative plural)
faaraollemme (allative singular)
faaraoillemme (allative plural)
faaraonamme (essive singular)
faaraoinamme (essive plural)
faaraoksemme (singular translative)
faaraoiksemme (plural translative)
faaraottamme (abessive singular)
faaraoittamme (abessive plural)
faaraoinemme (comitative plural)
faaraonne (nominative singular)
faaraonne (nominative plural)
faaraonne (accusative nominative singular)
faaraonne (accusative nominative plural)
faaraonne (accusative genitive singular)
faaraonne (accusative genitive plural)
faaraonne (genitive singular)
faaraoidenne (genitive plural)
faaraoittenne (genitive plural)
faaraotanne (partitive singular)
faaraoitanne (partitive plural)
faaraossanne (inessive singular)
faaraoissanne (inessive plural)
faaraostanne (elative singular)
faaraoistanne (elative plural)
faaraoonne (illative singular)
faaraoihinne (illative plural)
faaraollanne (adessive singular)
faaraoillanne (adessive plural)
faaraoltanne (ablative singular)
faaraoiltanne (ablative plural)
faaraollenne (allative singular)
faaraoillenne (allative plural)
faaraonanne (essive singular)
faaraoinanne (essive plural)
faaraoksenne (singular translative)
faaraoiksenne (plural translative)
faaraottanne (abessive singular)
faaraoittanne (abessive plural)
faaraoinenne (comitative plural)
faaraonsa (nominative singular)
faaraonsa (nominative plural)
faaraonsa (accusative nominative singular)
faaraonsa (accusative nominative plural)
faaraonsa (accusative genitive singular)
faaraonsa (accusative genitive plural)
faaraonsa (genitive singular)
faaraoidensa (genitive plural)
faaraoittensa (genitive plural)
faaraotaan (partitive singular)
faaraotansa (partitive singular)
faaraoitaan (partitive plural)
faaraoitansa (partitive plural)
faaraossaan (inessive singular)
faaraossansa (inessive singular)
faaraoissaan (inessive plural)
faaraoissansa (inessive plural)
faaraostaan (elative singular)
faaraostansa (elative singular)
faaraoistaan (elative plural)
faaraoistansa (elative plural)
faaraoonsa (illative singular)
faaraoihinsa (illative plural)
faaraollaan (adessive singular)
faaraollansa (adessive singular)
faaraoillaan (adessive plural)
faaraoillansa (adessive plural)
faaraoltaan (ablative singular)
faaraoltansa (ablative singular)
faaraoiltaan (ablative plural)
faaraoiltansa (ablative plural)
faaraolleen (allative singular)
faaraollensa (allative singular)
faaraoilleen (allative plural)
faaraoillensa (allative plural)
faaraonaan (essive singular)
faaraonansa (essive singular)
faaraoinaan (essive plural)
faaraoinansa (essive plural)
faaraokseen (singular translative)
faaraoksensa (singular translative)
faaraoikseen (plural translative)
faaraoiksensa (plural translative)
faaraottaan (abessive singular)
faaraottansa (abessive singular)
faaraoittaan (abessive plural)
faaraoittansa (abessive plural)
faaraoineen (comitative plural)
faaraoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈfɑ̝ːrɑ̝o̞]


maharaja

/ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/

/ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒɑ/

/ˌmɑ.həˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/

Borrowed from Hindi महाराजा (mahārājā). First attested in 1698.

I speak from a very intimate knowledge of their ways and habits after having spent a very happy twenty years amongst them with friends in every degree, from the Maharaja himself to some of the humblest coolies.

1909, John Claude White, Sikhim and Bhutan, pages 7–8:

Benny: Hey, T.C., what's a maharaja?
Top Cat: What's a what?
Benny: A maharaja.
Top Cat: Oh, do I look like Daniel Webster? I didn't write no dictionary.

1961 October 4, “The Maharajah of Pookajee” (2:33 from the start), in Top Cat, season 1, episode 2:

A Hindu monarch ranking above a raja, an emperor.


maharaja

fr-noun

maharaja m (plural maharajas, feminine maharani)


краљица

кра̀љица (canonical feminine)
kràljica (romanization)
кра̀љица (nominative singular)
краљице (nominative plural)
краљице (genitive singular)
кра̏љӣца̄ (genitive plural)
краљици (dative singular)
краљицама (dative plural)
краљицу (accusative singular)
краљице (accusative plural)
краљицо (singular vocative)
краљице (plural vocative)
краљици (locative singular)
краљицама (locative plural)
краљицом (instrumental singular)
краљицама (instrumental plural)


kraljica

kràljica (canonical feminine)
кра̀љица (Cyrillic)
kràljica (nominative singular)
kraljice (nominative plural)
kraljice (genitive singular)
krȁljīcā (genitive plural)
kraljici (dative singular)
kraljicama (dative plural)
kraljicu (accusative singular)
kraljice (accusative plural)
kraljico (singular vocative)
kraljice (plural vocative)
kraljici (locative singular)
kraljicama (locative plural)
kraljicom (instrumental singular)
kraljicama (instrumental plural)


kraljica

kraljíca (canonical feminine)
králj (masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
kraljíca (nominative singular)
kraljíci (dual nominative)
kraljíce (nominative plural)
kraljíce (genitive singular)
kraljíc (dual genitive)
kraljíc (genitive plural)
kraljíci (dative singular)
kraljícama (dative dual)
kraljícam (dative plural)
kraljíco (accusative singular)
kraljíci (accusative dual)
kraljíce (accusative plural)
kraljíci (locative singular)
kraljícah (dual locative)
kraljícah (locative plural)
kraljíco (instrumental singular)
kraljícama (dual instrumental)
kraljícami (instrumental plural)


caudillo

From Spanish caudillo, from Late Latin capitellum, based on Latin caput, capitis (“head”). Doublet of caddie, cadel, cadet, capital, capitellum, and Kadet. More possible, from kaput and ili (iri, ür, uri: town), from Basque language. In Iberian ili is high point, high city.

doublet

For, despite all the debunking and cynicism in this generation, there still are, amazingly, trusting people around who need to believe in great helmsmen, dear leaders, fuhrers, presidents-for-life, generalissimos and charismatic caudillos.

Then there’s Mexico’s outgoing populist and wannabe caudillo, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who is pushing a crowd-pleasing law to require all judges be elected by popular vote, including to the Supreme Court.

2024 August 13, Marc Margolis, Opinion: Want to reform the Supreme Court? These strongmen can show a thing or two, NPR:

A military dictator, especially one ruling in Spain, Portugal or Latin America.


koningin

nl-noun

koningin f (plural koninginnen, diminutive koninginnetje n, masculine koning)

koninginnen (plural)
koninginnetje (diminutive neuter)
koning (masculine)

Negerhollands: koninginne, kooningin

/ˌkoːnɪˈŋɪn/

From Middle Dutch coninginne, from Old Dutch kuninginna. Equivalent to koning (“king”) + -in (“suffix indicating femininity”).

suffix

queen
female monarchic ruler of a kingdom


koning

nl-noun

koning m (plural koningen, diminutive koninkje n, feminine koningin)

koningen (plural)
koninkje (diminutive neuter)
koningin (feminine)

Afrikaans: koning

Negerhollands: koning, kiniṅ

→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung

→ Sranan Tongo: kownu

→ Lokono: kónoe

→ Aukan: konu

→ Kari'na: konu

From Middle Dutch cōninc, from Old Dutch cuninc, from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. Cognate to English king.


kong

Kong Lars var en konge.

king (used as a title before the name of a king)


kong

kong Haakon VII


kong

From Old Norse kongr and konungr, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. Akin to English king.

a playing card with the image of a king on it

kong Haakon VII


consul

From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.

konsull

official who protects the interests of citizens

(historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

قُنْصُل

either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic

early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia

(historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.

(obsolete or historical) A councillor, particularly:

(historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.

(historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.

(historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.


consul

consuli (plural)
consul (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
consulul (accusative definite nominative singular)
consuli (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
consulii (accusative definite nominative plural)
consul (indefinite singular)
consulului (definite singular)
consuli (indefinite plural)
consulilor (definite plural)
consulule (singular vocative)
consulilor (plural vocative)


султан

bg-noun

султа́н • (sultán) m

султа́н (canonical)
sultán (romanization)
султа́н (indefinite singular)
султа́ни (indefinite plural)
султа́нът (definite singular subjective)
султа́ните (definite plural subjective)
султа́на (definite objective singular)
султа́ните (definite objective plural)
султа́ни (count-form plural)
султа́не (singular vocative)
султа́ни (plural vocative)

bg-ndecl

султа́н<(v)/count:султа́ни>

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).


султан

ru-noun+

султа́н • (sultán) m anim (genitive султа́на, nominative plural султа́ны, genitive plural султа́нов)

султа́н (canonical)
sultán (romanization)
султа́на (genitive)
султа́ны (nominative plural)
султа́нов (genitive plural)
султа́н (nominative singular)
султа́ны (nominative plural)
султа́на (genitive singular)
султа́нов (genitive plural)
султа́ну (dative singular)
султа́нам (dative plural)
султа́на (accusative singular)
султа́нов (accusative plural)
султа́ном (instrumental singular)
султа́нами (instrumental plural)
султа́не (prepositional singular)
султа́нах (plural prepositional)

Мне представилось, что я царь, шах, хан, король, бей, набаб, султан или какое-то сих названий нечто, седящее во власти на престоле.

1790, Александр Радищев, “Спасская Полесть”, in Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву; English translation from Leo Wiener, transl., A Journey From St. Petersburg to Moscow, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958:

I imagined that I was a tsar, shah, khan, king, bey, nabob, sultan, or some such exalted being, sitting on a throne in power and majesty.

Mne predstavilosʹ, što ja carʹ, šax, xan, korolʹ, bej, nabab, sultan ili kakoje-to six nazvanij nečto, sedjaščeje vo vlasti na prestole.


султан

су̀лта̄н (canonical masculine)
sùltān (romanization)
су̀лта̄н (nominative singular)
султани (nominative plural)
султа́на (genitive singular)
султана (genitive plural)
султану (dative singular)
султанима (dative plural)
султана (accusative singular)
султане (accusative plural)
султане (singular vocative)
султани (plural vocative)
султану (locative singular)
султанима (locative plural)
султаном (instrumental singular)
султанима (instrumental plural)

From Ottoman Turkish سلطان (compare Turkish sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).


султан

uk-noun

султа́н<genu>

султа́нський

султа́н • (sultán) m inan (genitive султа́ну, nominative plural султа́ни, genitive plural султа́нів, feminine султа́нша, relational adjective султа́нський)

султа́н (canonical)
sultán (romanization)
султа́ну (genitive)
султа́ни (nominative plural)
султа́нів (genitive plural)
султа́нша (feminine)
султа́нський (adjective relational)
султа́н (nominative singular)
султа́ни (nominative plural)
султа́ну (genitive singular)
султа́нів (genitive plural)
султа́нові (dative singular)
султа́ну (dative singular)
султа́нам (dative plural)
султа́н (accusative singular)
султа́ни (accusative plural)
султа́ном (instrumental singular)
султа́нами (instrumental plural)
султа́ні (locative singular)
султа́нах (locative plural)
султа́не (singular vocative)
султа́ни (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

султа́н<genu>


سلطان

ar-noun

سُلْطَان • (sulṭān) m or f (usually uncountable)

سُلْطَان (canonical)
sulṭān (romanization)
سُلْطَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
السُّلْطَان (definite informal singular triptote)
سُلْطَان (construct informal singular triptote)
سُلْطَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
سُلْطَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
سُلْطَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
سُلْطَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
سُلْطَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

From the root س ل ط (s-l-ṭ). Cognates with Aramaic שׁוּלְטָנָא / ܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ (šulṭānā, “power”) and Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón, “rulership, authority”).

cog

Aramaic שׁוּלְטָנָא

إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا أَسْمَاءٌ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَا أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُم مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلْطَانٍ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الأَنْفُسُ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُم مِن رَبِّهِمُ الهُدَى

These are but names which you have coined—you and your fathers—for which God has not sent down any authority. They follow nothing but conjectures and the desires of the [lower] soul, while there has already come to them the guidance from their Lord.

ʔin hiya ʔillā ʔasmāʔun sammaytumūhā ʔantum wa-ʔābāʔukum mā ʔanzala l-lahu bihā min sulṭānin ʔin yattabiʕūna ʔillā ẓ-ẓanna wa-mā tahwā l-ʔanfusu wa-laqad jāʔahum min rabbihimu l-hudā


سلطان

ar-noun

سُلْطَان • (sulṭān) m (plural سَلَاطِين (salāṭīn))

سُلْطَان (canonical)
sulṭān (romanization)
سَلَاطِين (plural)
سُلْطَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
السُّلْطَان (definite informal singular triptote)
سُلْطَان (construct informal singular triptote)
سُلْطَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
سُلْطَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
سُلْطَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
سُلْطَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
سُلْطَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السُّلْطَانَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
سُلْطَانَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
سَلَاطِين (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
السَّلَاطِين (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
سَلَاطِين (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
سَلَاطِينُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
السَّلَاطِينُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
سَلَاطِينُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
سَلَاطِينَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
السَّلَاطِينَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
سَلَاطِينَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
سَلَاطِينَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
السَّلَاطِينِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
سَلَاطِينِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

Maltese: sultan

Borrowings

→ Afar: súltaan

→ Azerbaijani: sultan

→ Georgian: სულთანი (sultani)

desctree

→ German: Sultan
→ Estonian: sultan
→ Walloon: zultan

desc

→ Hebrew: סוּלְטָן

→ Hebrew: סוּלְטָן

→ Icelandic: soldán

→ Italian: sultano

→ Japanese: スルターン (surutān)

→ Korean: 술탄 (sultan)

→ Kyrgyz: султан (sultan)

→ Malay: سلطان

desctree

→ Malay: سلطان / sultan
Indonesian: sultan
→ Min Nan: 史丹 (sú-tan)
→ Tagalog: sultan

→ Maranao: solutan

→ Medieval Latin: sultānus

Italian: soltano

→ Middle High German: soldān

Old French: soudan, souldan

→ Catalan: soldà

→ Middle English: soudan, soldan

English: soldan

→ Middle Irish: sabdán
Irish: sabhdán

Sicilian: sudanu

→ Middle Armenian: սուլթան (sultʻan)

Armenian: սուլթան (sultʻan)

→ Northern Kurdish: sultan

→ Old Norse: sultan

→ Ottoman Turkish: سلطان (sultan) (see there for further descendants)

→ Persian: سلطان (soltân) (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: султан (sultan)

→ Swahili: sultani

→ Tajik: султон (sulton)

→ Tausug: sultan

→ Thai: สุลต่าน (sǔn-lá-dtàan)

→ Yiddish: סולטאַן (sultan)

cog

Aramaic שׁוּלְטָנָא


سلطان

Turkish: sultan

Borrowings

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σουλτᾶνος (soultânos)

Greek: σουλτάνος (soultános)

→ Catalan: sultà

→ Czech: sultán

→ Danish: sultan

→ Dutch: sultan

→ Hungarian: szultán

→ Latvian: sultāns

→ Macedonian: султан (sultan)

→ Middle French: sultan (see there for further descendants)

→ Norwegian: sultan

→ Polish: sułtan

→ Romanian: sultan

→ Serbo-Croatian: sultan / султан

→ Slovak: sultán

→ Slovene: sultan

→ Spanish: sultán

→ Swedish: sultan
→ Finnish: sulttaani


سلطان

head

سُلْطان • (soltân) (plural سلاطین (salâtin) or سلطانها (soltân-hâ))

سُلْطان (canonical)
soltân (romanization)
سلاطین (plural)
سلطانها (plural)

→ Assamese: চুলতান (sultan)

→ Bengali: সুলতান (śulotan)

→ Gujarati: સુલતાન (sultān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुल्तान (sultān)

Urdu: سلطان (sultān)

→ Kazakh: сұлтан (sūltan)

→ Marathi: सुलतान (sultān)

desctree

→ Old Gujarati: सुरताण (suratāṇa)
Gojri: سُلْطَانْ (sultān)
Middle Gujarati: सुलताण
Gujarati: સરતાણ (sartāṇ), સુલતાન (sultān)
Malvi: सल्तान (saltān)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: सुलतांण (sultā̃ṇ), सुलतान (sultān), सुलतांन (sultā̃n)
Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅢 (sultnṇ), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧 (sultn), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅧 (sultnn)

desc

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Tatar: солтан (soltan)

→ Turkmen: soltan

→ Uyghur: سۇلتان (sultan)

→ Uzbek: sulton

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

جز خداوندی که عالم بندهٔ تقدیر اوست
کیست در عالم که او سلطان سلطان سنجر است

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

Save for the Lord to whose decree the world is a slave,
Who in the world is there to be king over Sultan Sanjar?

juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
kē-st dar ālam ki ō sultān-i sultān sanjar ast


سلطان

ur-noun

سُلْطان • (sultān) m (Hindi spelling सुल्तान)

سُلْطان (canonical)
sultān (romanization)
सुल्तान (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian سلطان (sultān), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).


sultan

en-noun

sultan (countable and uncountable, plural sultans or (rare, only in certain senses) salateen)

→ Chinese: 蘇丹／苏丹 (sūdān)

From French sultan, from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān, “strength, authority, ruler”). (compare Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón) and Hebrew סוּלְטָן (sultán)). Doublet of soldan.

der

(card games, uncountable) A variant of solitaire, played with two decks of cards.


sultan

az-noun

sultan (definite accusative sultanı, plural sultanlar)

sultanı (accusative definite)
sultanlar (plural)
sultan (nominative singular)
sultanlar (nominative plural)
sultanı (accusative definite singular)
sultanları (accusative definite plural)
sultana (dative singular)
sultanlara (dative plural)
sultanda (locative singular)
sultanlarda (locative plural)
sultandan (ablative singular)
sultanlardan (ablative plural)
sultanın (definite genitive singular)
sultanların (definite genitive plural)
sultanım (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
sultanlarım (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
sultanın (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sultanların (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
sultanı (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sultanları (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
sultanımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
sultanlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
sultanınız (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sultanlarınız (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
sultanı (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanları (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanları (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
sultanımı (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
sultanlarımı (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
sultanını (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sultanlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
sultanını (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sultanlarını (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
sultanımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
sultanlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
sultanınızı (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sultanlarınızı (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
sultanını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarını (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
sultanıma (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
sultanlarıma (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
sultanına (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sultanlarına (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
sultanına (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sultanlarına (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
sultanımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
sultanlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
sultanınıza (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sultanlarınıza (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
sultanına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarına (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
sultanımda (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
sultanlarımda (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
sultanında (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sultanlarında (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
sultanında (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sultanlarında (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
sultanımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
sultanlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
sultanınızda (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sultanlarınızda (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
sultanında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarında (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
sultanımdan (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
sultanlarımdan (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
sultanından (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sultanlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
sultanından (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sultanlarından (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
sultanımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
sultanlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
sultanınızdan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sultanlarınızdan (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
sultanından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarından (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
sultanımın (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
sultanlarımın (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
sultanının (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sultanlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
sultanının (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sultanlarının (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
sultanımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
sultanlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
sultanınızın (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sultanlarınızın (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
sultanının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sultanlarının (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


sultan

head

sultan c (singular definite sultanen, plural indefinite sultaner)

sultanen (definite singular)
sultaner (indefinite plural)
sultan (indefinite nominative singular)
sultanen (definite nominative singular)
sultaner (indefinite nominative plural)
sultanerne (definite nominative plural)
sultans (genitive indefinite singular)
sultanens (definite genitive singular)
sultaners (genitive indefinite plural)
sultanernes (definite genitive plural)


sultan

nl-noun

sultan m (plural sultans, feminine sultane)

From Turkish sultan, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority”).


sultan

head

sultan (genitive sultani, partitive sultanit)

sultani (genitive)
sultanit (partitive)
sultan (nominative singular)
sultanid (nominative plural)
sultan (accusative nominative singular)
sultanid (accusative nominative plural)
sultani (accusative genitive singular)
sultanid (accusative genitive plural)
sultani (genitive singular)
sultanite (genitive plural)
sultanit (partitive singular)
sultaneid (partitive plural)
sultanisse (illative singular)
sultanitesse (illative plural)
sultaneisse (illative plural)
sultanis (inessive singular)
sultanites (inessive plural)
sultaneis (inessive plural)
sultanist (elative singular)
sultanitest (elative plural)
sultaneist (elative plural)
sultanile (allative singular)
sultanitele (allative plural)
sultaneile (allative plural)
sultanil (adessive singular)
sultanitel (adessive plural)
sultaneil (adessive plural)
sultanilt (ablative singular)
sultanitelt (ablative plural)
sultaneilt (ablative plural)
sultaniks (singular translative)
sultaniteks (plural translative)
sultaneiks (plural translative)
sultanini (singular terminative)
sultaniteni (plural terminative)
sultanina (essive singular)
sultanitena (essive plural)
sultanita (abessive singular)
sultaniteta (abessive plural)
sultaniga (comitative singular)
sultanitega (comitative plural)


sultan

→ Faroese: sultánur

→ Portuguese: sultão

Inherited from Middle French sultan (“ruler of a Muslim state”), from Ottoman Turkish سلطان. See English sultan for more.


sultan

sultanen (definite singular)
sultaner (indefinite plural)
sultanene (definite plural)


sultan

sultanen (definite singular)
sultanar (indefinite plural)
sultanane (definite plural)


sultan

sultani (plural)
sultan (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
sultanul (accusative definite nominative singular)
sultani (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
sultanii (accusative definite nominative plural)
sultan (indefinite singular)
sultanului (definite singular)
sultani (indefinite plural)
sultanilor (definite plural)
sultanule (singular vocative)
sultanilor (plural vocative)

bor+

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan)


sultan

sùltān (canonical masculine)
су̀лта̄н (Cyrillic)
sùltān (nominative singular)
sultani (nominative plural)
sultána (genitive singular)
sultana (genitive plural)
sultanu (dative singular)
sultanima (dative plural)
sultana (accusative singular)
sultane (accusative plural)
sultane (singular vocative)
sultani (plural vocative)
sultanu (locative singular)
sultanima (locative plural)
sultanom (instrumental singular)
sultanima (instrumental plural)

From Ottoman Turkish سلطان (compare Turkish sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān). First attested in the 13th century.


sultan

sultan (indefinite nominative singular)
sultans (genitive indefinite singular)
sultanen (definite nominative singular)
sultanens (definite genitive singular)
sultaner (indefinite nominative plural)
sultaners (genitive indefinite plural)
sultanerna (definite nominative plural)
sultanernas (definite genitive plural)

→ Finnish: sulttaani


sultan

Either from Malay sultan or from Spanish sultán, ultimately from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

sultan (hereditary ruler in various Muslim states)


sultan

sultanı (accusative definite)
sultanlar (plural)
sultan (nominative singular)
sultanlar (nominative plural)
sultanı (accusative definite singular)
sultanları (accusative definite plural)
sultana (dative singular)
sultanlara (dative plural)
sultanda (locative singular)
sultanlarda (locative plural)
sultandan (ablative singular)
sultanlardan (ablative plural)
sultanın (genitive singular)
sultanların (genitive plural)
sultanım (first-person nominative singular)
sultanlarım (first-person nominative singular)
sultanın (nominative second-person singular)
sultanların (nominative second-person singular)
sultanı (nominative singular third-person)
sultanları (nominative singular third-person)
sultanımız (first-person nominative plural)
sultanlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
sultanınız (nominative plural second-person)
sultanlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
sultanları (nominative plural third-person)
sultanımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
sultanlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
sultanını (accusative definite second-person singular)
sultanlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
sultanını (accusative definite singular third-person)
sultanlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
sultanımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
sultanlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
sultanınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
sultanlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
sultanlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
sultanıma (dative first-person singular)
sultanlarıma (dative first-person singular)
sultanına (dative second-person singular)
sultanlarına (dative second-person singular)
sultanına (dative singular third-person)
sultanlarına (dative singular third-person)
sultanımıza (dative first-person plural)
sultanlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
sultanınıza (dative plural second-person)
sultanlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
sultanlarına (dative plural third-person)
sultanımda (first-person locative singular)
sultanlarımda (first-person locative singular)
sultanında (locative second-person singular)
sultanlarında (locative second-person singular)
sultanında (locative singular third-person)
sultanlarında (locative singular third-person)
sultanımızda (first-person locative plural)
sultanlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
sultanınızda (locative plural second-person)
sultanlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
sultanlarında (locative plural third-person)
sultanımdan (ablative first-person singular)
sultanlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
sultanından (ablative second-person singular)
sultanlarından (ablative second-person singular)
sultanından (ablative singular third-person)
sultanlarından (ablative singular third-person)
sultanımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
sultanlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
sultanınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
sultanlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
sultanlarından (ablative plural third-person)
sultanımın (first-person genitive singular)
sultanlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
sultanının (genitive second-person singular)
sultanlarının (genitive second-person singular)
sultanının (genitive singular third-person)
sultanlarının (genitive singular third-person)
sultanımızın (first-person genitive plural)
sultanlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
sultanınızın (genitive plural second-person)
sultanlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
sultanlarının (genitive plural third-person)
sultanım (first-person singular)
sultanlarım (first-person singular)
sultansın (second-person singular)
sultanlarsın (second-person singular)
sultan (singular third-person)
sultandır (singular third-person)
sultanlar (singular third-person)
sultanlardır (singular third-person)
sultanız (first-person plural)
sultanlarız (first-person plural)
sultansınız (plural second-person)
sultanlarsınız (plural second-person)
sultanlar (plural third-person)
sultanlardır (plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultân), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority”) (compare Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón)).

A monarchic title for Sunni Muslim monarchs.

A noble title for monarch's mother, wives and children.

A breed of chicken originating in Turkey, kept primarily in gardens for ornamental reasons. See: sultan (chicken)


βασιλιάς

head

βασιλιάς • (vasiliás) m (plural βασιλιάδες, feminine βασίλισσα)

vasiliás (romanization)
βασιλιάδες (plural)
βασίλισσα (feminine)
βασιλιάς (nominative singular)
βασιλιάδες (nominative plural)
βασιλιά (genitive singular)
βασιλιάδων (genitive plural)
βασιλιά (accusative singular)
βασιλιάδες (accusative plural)
βασιλιά (singular vocative)
βασιλιάδες (plural vocative)

Inherited from Byzantine Greek βασιλιάς < βασιλέας (basiléas) with synizesis [ʎa] to avoid hiatus. From Ancient Greek βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, leader, prince, emperor”), from Proto-Hellenic *gʷatiléus; the word, attested in some form since Mycenaean times, is of uncertain ultimate etymology; possibly of Anatolian origin. Also see βασίλισσα (basílissa, “queen”).


краљ

кра̑љ (canonical masculine)
krȃlj (romanization)
кра̑љ (nominative singular)
краљеви (nominative plural)
кра́ља (genitive singular)
краљева (genitive plural)
краљу (dative singular)
краљевима (dative plural)
краља (accusative singular)
краљеве (accusative plural)
краљу (singular vocative)
краљеви (plural vocative)
краљу (locative singular)
краљевима (locative plural)
краљем (instrumental singular)
краљевима (instrumental plural)


kralj

krȃlj (canonical masculine)
кра̑љ (Cyrillic)
krȃlj (nominative singular)
králjevi (nominative plural)
králja (genitive singular)
králjēvā (genitive plural)
králju (dative singular)
králjevima (dative plural)
králja (accusative singular)
králjeve (accusative plural)
krȃlju (singular vocative)
králjevi (plural vocative)
králju (locative singular)
králjevima (locative plural)
králjem (instrumental singular)
králjevima (instrumental plural)


kralj

sl-noun

králj m anim (female equivalent kraljíca)

králj (animate canonical masculine)
kraljíca (feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
králj (nominative singular)
králja (dual nominative)
králji (nominative plural)
králja (genitive singular)
králjev (dual genitive)
králjev (genitive plural)
králju (dative singular)
králjema (dative dual)
králjem (dative plural)
králja (accusative singular)
králja (accusative dual)
králje (accusative plural)
králju (locative singular)
králjih (dual locative)
králjih (locative plural)
králjem (instrumental singular)
králjema (dual instrumental)
králji (instrumental plural)


drottning

is-noun

drottning f (genitive singular drottningar, nominative plural drottningar)

drottningar (genitive singular)
drottningar (nominative plural)
drottning (indefinite nominative singular)
drottningin (definite nominative singular)
drottningar (indefinite nominative plural)
drottningarnar (definite nominative plural)
drottningu (accusative indefinite singular)
drottninguna (accusative definite singular)
drottningar (accusative indefinite plural)
drottningarnar (accusative definite plural)
drottningu (dative indefinite singular)
drottningunni (dative definite singular)
drottningum (dative indefinite plural)
drottningunum (dative definite plural)
drottningar (genitive indefinite singular)
drottningarinnar (definite genitive singular)
drottninga (genitive indefinite plural)
drottninganna (definite genitive plural)


drottning

drottning (indefinite nominative singular)


rei

pt-noun

rei m (plural reis, feminine rainha, feminine plural rainhas)

reis (plural)
rainha (feminine)
rainhas (feminine plural)

Angolar: alê

Annobonese: alé

Guinea-Bissau Creole: rei

Kabuverdianu: rei

Korlai Creole Portuguese: rhe

Kristang: re

→ Old Tupi: reîa

Papiamentu: rei, Arei

Principense: arê

Sãotomense: alê

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rex
Old Galician-Portuguese rei
Portuguese rei
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese rei, from Latin rēgem (“king”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“rules”). Compare Galician and Fala rei.


mpret

From Albanian mbret. Doublet of imperate.


président

fr-noun

président m (plural présidents, feminine présidente)

présidents (plural)
présidente (feminine)

desctree

→ German: Präsident
→ Polish: prezydent
→ Kashubian: prezydent
→ Silesian: prezydynt

→ Romanian: prezident

→ Russian: президент (prezident), президе́нтъ (prezidént) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: prezident
→ Kazakh: президент (prezident)
→ Kildin Sami: президент (prjezidjent)
→ Tuvan: президент (prezident)
→ Turkmen: prezident
→ Uzbek: prezident

Learned borrowing from Latin praesidentem.

lbor

Voici le nouveau président de l’association.

This is the new president of the association.


király

királyok (plural)
király (nominative singular)
királyok (nominative plural)
királyt (accusative singular)
királyokat (accusative plural)
királynak (dative singular)
királyoknak (dative plural)
királlyal (instrumental singular)
királyokkal (instrumental plural)
királyért (causal-final singular)
királyokért (causal-final plural)
királlyá (singular translative)
királyokká (plural translative)
királyig (singular terminative)
királyokig (plural terminative)
királyként (essive-formal singular)
királyokként (essive-formal plural)
királyban (inessive singular)
királyokban (inessive plural)
királyon (singular superessive)
királyokon (plural superessive)
királynál (adessive singular)
királyoknál (adessive plural)
királyba (illative singular)
királyokba (illative plural)
királyra (singular sublative)
királyokra (plural sublative)
királyhoz (allative singular)
királyokhoz (allative plural)
királyból (elative singular)
királyokból (elative plural)
királyról (delative singular)
királyokról (delative plural)
királytól (ablative singular)
királyoktól (ablative plural)
királyé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
királyoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
királyéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
királyokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
királyom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
királyaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
királyod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
királyaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
királya (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
királyai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
királyunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
királyaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
királyotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
királyaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
királyuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
királyaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from South Slavic, probably from Serbo-Croatian. Cognate with contemporary Serbo-Croatian krȃlj, Slovene králj, Turkish kral, Bulgarian крал (kral)), from Proto-Slavic *korľь (“king”), itself from Old High German Karl, the name of the Frankish ruler Charlemagne.

king (a male monarch; member of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation)


княгиня

ru-noun+

княги́ня • (knjagínja) f anim (genitive княги́ни, nominative plural княги́ни, genitive plural княги́нь)

княги́ня (canonical)
knjagínja (romanization)
княги́ни (genitive)
княги́ни (nominative plural)
княги́нь (genitive plural)
княги́ня (nominative singular)
княги́ни (nominative plural)
княги́ни (genitive singular)
княги́нь (genitive plural)
княги́не (dative singular)
княги́ням (dative plural)
княги́ню (accusative singular)
княги́нь (accusative plural)
княги́ней (instrumental singular)
княги́нею (instrumental singular)
княги́нями (instrumental plural)
княги́не (prepositional singular)
княги́нях (plural prepositional)
княги́ня (dated nominative singular)
княги́ни (dated nominative plural)
княги́ни (dated genitive singular)
княги́нь (dated genitive plural)
княги́нѣ (dated dative singular)
княги́нямъ (dated dative plural)
княги́ню (accusative dated singular)
княги́нь (accusative dated plural)
княги́ней (dated instrumental singular)
княги́нею (dated instrumental singular)
княги́нями (dated instrumental plural)
княги́нѣ (dated prepositional singular)
княги́няхъ (dated plural prepositional)

[knʲɪˈɡʲinʲə]

Ru-княгиня.ogg

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъnęgyni; compare Ukrainian княги́ня (knjahýnja), Serbo-Croatian кнѐгиња, Slovene knegínja (tonal orthography). By surface analysis, княг- (knjag-) + -ы́ня (-ýnja). князь (knjazʹ) is derived from Early Proto-Slavic *kuningu, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, with з by the application of Slavic progressive palatalization, which was blocked by the following *y in *kъnęgyni.


княгиня

uk-noun

княги́ня<pr>

княги́ня • (knjahýnja) f pers (genitive княги́ні, nominative plural княги́ні, genitive plural княги́нь)

княги́ня (canonical)
knjahýnja (romanization)
княги́ні (genitive)
княги́ні (nominative plural)
княги́нь (genitive plural)
княги́ня (nominative singular)
княги́ні (nominative plural)
княги́ні (genitive singular)
княги́нь (genitive plural)
княги́ні (dative singular)
княги́ням (dative plural)
княги́ню (accusative singular)
княги́нь (accusative plural)
княги́нею (instrumental singular)
княги́нями (instrumental plural)
княги́ні (locative singular)
княги́нях (locative plural)
княги́не (singular vocative)
княги́ні (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

княги́ня<F.pr>

[knʲɐˈɦɪnʲɐ]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъnęgyni; compare Russian княги́ня (knjagínja), Serbo-Croatian кнѐгиња, Slovene knegínja (tonal orthography). By surface analysis, княг- (knjah-) + -и́ня (-ýnja). князь (knjazʹ) is derived from Early Proto-Slavic *kuningu, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, with з by the application of Slavic progressive palatalization, which was blocked by the following *y in *kъnęgyni.

surf

a female monarch: queen regnant, duchess