abbacy

From Middle English abbathie, from Late Latin abbātia, from abbās, abbātis (“abbot”). Doublet of aibey.


abbey

From A.D. 1250 in Middle English abbey, abbeye (“convent headed by an abbot”) (compare archaic English abbaye), itself borrowed from Old French abaïe, abbaïe, abeïe, abbeïe (Modern French abbaye) from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia, from Classical Latin abbās (“abbot”). Doublet of abbacy and Opatija. See abbot.

From 1199 to 1203 William Punchard was the abbot of the abbey of Rievaulx, which was part of the Cistercian order of monks.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings.


abbey

English: abbey

Scots: aibbey, aibey

Borrowed from Old French abaie, from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia. Doublet of abbathie.


AM

en-noun

AM (countable and uncountable, plural AMs)

(UK politics, historical) Initialism of Assembly Member. (A title similar to MP, placed after the name of a Member of the Welsh National Assembly.)


fiscal

From Middle French fiscal, from Latin fiscus (“treasury”) – see fiscus and fisc.

Procurator fiscal
procurator fiscal#English

(Scots law) Procurator fiscal, a public prosecutor.


Chile

head

Chile f (plural Chilene, diminutive Chileli)

1978, Rolf Lyssey and Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript)

Hey, what's the name of the pizzeria in Lecce, behind the church?

Si, wi haist jetzt au no di Pizzeria in Lecce, hinder de Chile?

(Aargau, Basel, Bern, Fribourg, Lucerne, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Uri, Zug, St Gallen (Amden), Zürich) Alternative form of Chirche


eagle

From Middle English egle, from Anglo-Norman egle, from Old French aigle, from Latin aquila. Displaced native Middle English ern, earn, arn, from Old English earn (“eagle”). More at erne.

(US, numismatics, historical) A gold coin with a face value of ten dollars, formerly used in the United States.


Cameroon

Alteration of Cameron, influenced by -oon.

He fears that in downplaying traditional Conservative causes, in changing the party to be more in tune with modern Britain, the Cameroons have in effect accepted that they won't change the country much in office.

2007 March 21, Andy Beckett, “The Cameroons”, in The Guardian:

Today, I spy a coalition outrider: Nick Boles, MP for Grantham, founder of Policy Exchange and the archetypal Cameroon ultra-modernizer. I don’t think Boles even owned a tie until he was elected to the House of Commons. That’s how much of a Cameroon the man is.

2010 September 13, Iain Martin, “Nick Boles: The Coalition’s Cameroon Outrider”, in Wall Street Journal:

Maude was a moderniser before modernity dawned in the Tory ranks, a Cameroon before David Cameron.

2012 March 30, James Chapman, “Gorgeous George and why Ed Miliband must now pray Ken Livingstone wins London”, in Daily Mail:

Mr Cameron won significantly smaller vote shares than either Theresa May or Boris Johnson. There are not many Cameroons in Britain. Outside some newspaper op-ed pages, there never were.

2023 November 13, Bagehot, “What David Cameron's return says about British politics”, in Economist:

(UK politics) A Conservative Party member with green or social liberal leanings, supporting the policies of David Cameron.


blue

en-adj

blue (comparative bluer or more blue, superlative bluest or most blue)

bluer (comparative)
more blue (comparative)
bluest (superlative)
most blue (superlative)

antiblue

antonym(s) of “having blue as its colour charge”

Tok Pisin: blu

→ Fiji Hindi: bulu

→ Shona: bhuluu

→ Somali: buluug

→ Swahili: bluu, buluu

→ Tooro: bururu

From Middle English blewe, from Anglo-Norman blew (“blue”), from Middle French bleu, from Old French blöe, bleve, blef (“blue”), from Frankish *blāu (“blue”) (perhaps through a Late Latin blāvus, blāvius (“blue”) attested from Isidore of Seville), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with dialectal English blow (“blue”), Scots blue, blew (“blue”), North Frisian bla, blö (“blue”), Saterland Frisian blau (“blue”), Dutch blauw (“blue”), German blau (“blue”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish blå (“blue”), Icelandic blár (“blue”), Latin flāvus (“yellow”), Middle Irish blá (“yellow”). Doublet of blow.
Possibly related also to English blee (“colour”), from Old English blēo (“colour”); but direct derivatives of Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”) in Old English include: Old English blāw and blēo (“blue”), Old English blǣwen (“bluish, light-blue”), blǣhǣwen (“blue-coloured, bluish, violet or purple colour”, literally “blue-hued”). There seems to be a parallel connection in Germanic between words for blue and colour, dually exemplified by Proto-West Germanic *blīu (“colour, blee”) and *blāu (“blue”); and Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“colour, hue”) and *hēwijaz (“blue, purple”).
The sense "obscene, pornographic" is apparently from the colour; various theories exist as to how it arose, including that it is from the colour of the envelopes used to contain missives of the censors and managers to vaudevillian performers on objectionable material from their acts that needed to be excised.

m+

(politics) Supportive of, run by (a member of), pertaining to, or dominated by a political party represented by the colour blue.

(UK politics) Supportive of or related to the Conservative Party.


blue

en-noun

blue (countable and uncountable, plural blues)

He is a true blue.

(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party.


church

church (countable and uncountable, plural churches)

Pijin: sios

Tok Pisin: sios

→ Hausa: cōcì

→ Hindi: चर्च (carc)

→ Limburgish: sjoeëtsj, sjuutsj

From Middle English chirche, from Old English ċiriċe (“church”), from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, an early borrowing of Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón), neuter form of κυριακός (kuriakós, “belonging to the lord”), from κύριος (kúrios, “ruler, lord”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”).
additional etymological information
 For vowel evolution, see bury. Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón) was used of houses of Christian worship since circa 300 CE, especially in the East, though it was less common in this sense than ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”) or βασιλική (basilikḗ, “royal thing”). An example of the direct Greek-to-Germanic progress of many Christian words, possibly via the Goths; it was probably used by West Germanic people in their pre-Christian period. Cognate with Scots kirk (“church”), West Frisian tsjerke (“church”), Saterland Frisian Säärke (“church”), Dutch kerk (“church”), German Kirche (“church”), Danish kirke (“church”), Swedish kyrka (“church”), Norwegian Bokmål kirke, Norwegian Nynorsk kyrkje (“church”), and Icelandic kirkja (“church”). Also picked up by Slavic, via Old High German chirihha (compare Old Church Slavonic црькꙑ (crĭky), Bulgarian църква (cǎrkva), Russian це́рковь (cérkovʹ)). Romance and Celtic languages use descendants of Latin ecclēsia.

der

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

at church every time the doors swing open

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class VI § 983a. Orthodoxy

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/39 § High Church

There is a lovely little church in the valley.

This building used to be a church before being converted into a library.

He got the message and was in church the next Sunday. We need to stay in church with the fellowship of others in order to keep the fire of faith burning brightly.

2007, John R. Dodd, Bucky and Friends, page 117:

(countable, Christianity) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place.


mosque

From Middle French mosquée, from Italian moschea, ultimately from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, literally “place of prostration”). Doublet of masjid.

There's a mosque near where I live.

(Islam) A place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret; a masjid.


red

en-adj

red (comparative redder or more red, superlative reddest or most red)

redder (comparative)
more red (comparative)
reddest (superlative)
most red (superlative)

nonred

antonym(s) of “having red as its colour”

antired

antonym(s) of “having red as its colour charge”

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Cognates
See also West Frisian read, Low German root, rod, Dutch rood, German rot, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød, Norwegian Nynorsk raud; also Welsh rhudd, Latin ruber, rufus, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Albanian pruth (“redhead”), Russian ру́дый (rúdyj) ("red", "redhaired"). Czech rudý, Lithuanian raúdas, Finnish rauta, Estonian raud, Serbo-Croatian riđ ("reddish", "red"), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”).

punainen

(card games: of the hearts or diamonds suits

a red state

a red Congress

(politics, often capitalized) Supportive of, related to, or dominated by a political party or movement represented by the color red:

(US politics) The U.S. Republican Party.


red

en-noun

red (countable and uncountable, plural reds)

sekobarbitaali

slang: secobarbital — see also secobarbital

(Ireland, UK, beverages, informal) Red lemonade


banshee

desc

→ Arabic: بَانْشِي (bānšī)

→ Arabic: بَانْشِي (bānšī)

→ Catalan: banshee

→ Dutch: banshee

→ Esperanto: banŝio

→ Finnish: banshee

→ French: banshee, banshie

→ German: Banshee

→ Japanese: バンシー (banshī)

→ Korean: 반시 (bansi)

→ Northern Kurdish: banşî

→ Portuguese: banshee

→ Russian: ба́нши (bánši), банши́ (banší), ба́ньши (bánʹši), баньши́ (banʹší)

→ Spanish: banshee

Borrowed from Irish bean sí, from Old Irish ben síde (literally “woman of the fairy mound”). The term banshee entered English in 1771.

der

Late had he heard, in prophet's dream, / The fatal Ben-Shie's boding scream […].

1810, The Lady of the Lake, Walter Scott, 3.VII:

(Scotland, Ireland, folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.


banshee

(Irish mythology) banshee (a female spirit who warns of impending death)


yellow

en-adj

yellow (comparative yellower or more yellow, superlative yellowest or most yellow)

yellower (comparative)
more yellow (comparative)
yellowest (superlative)
most yellow (superlative)

From Middle English yelwe, yelou, from Old English ġeolwe, oblique form of Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wos, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”).
Compare Welsh gwelw (“pale”), Latin helvus (“dull yellow”), Irish geal (“white, bright”), Italian giallo (“yellow”) Lithuanian žalias (“green”), Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “light green”), Persian زرد (zard, “yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “greenish-yellow”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), Russian зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”). Cognate with German gelb (“yellow”), Dutch geel (“yellow”).
The verb is from Old English ġeolwian, from the adjective.

cog

yellow constituencies

2012 March 2, Andrew Grice, “Yellow rebels take on Clegg over NHS 'betrayal'”, in The Independent:

(UK politics) Related to the Liberal Democrats.


advocate

en-verb

advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)

advocates (present singular third-person)
advocating (participle present)
advocated (participle past)
advocated (past)

From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (past participle of advocāre (“to call for”)), a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow.

doublet

(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.

(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.


liberal

The adjective is from Old French liberal, from Latin līberālis (“befitting a freeman”), from līber (“free”); it is attested since the 14th century. The noun is first attested in the 1800s.

vasemmistolainen

someone left-wing — see also progressive, left-winger

(UK politics) One who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights, and laissez-faire markets (also called "classical liberal"; compare libertarian).

liberaali

Britain: one who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights and laissez-faire markets


reset

In early times it was common to charge the reset of property taken by robbery as reset of theft. But in later practice reset of property taken by robbery has been frequently libelled and found relevant (1).

1867, John H. A. MacDonald, A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law of Scotland, Edinburgh: William Paterson, page 405:

(Scots law) The crime of knowingly and dishonestly receiving stolen goods, or harbouring an outlaw.


reset

en-verb

reset (third-person singular simple present resets, present participle resetting, simple past and past participle resetted)

resets (present singular third-person)
resetting (participle present)
resetted (participle past)
resetted (past)

Criminal resetting of property shall not be limited to the receiving of property taken by theft or robbery, but shall extend to the receiving of property appropriated by breach of trust and embezzlement and by falsehood, fraud and wilful imposition.

1995, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Part VI, section 51”, in Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, page 41:

(Scots law) To receive and hide (stolen goods, or a criminal, etc.)


circle

Pitcairn-Norfolk: sirkil

From Middle English circle, cercle, from Old French cercle and Latin circulus, diminutive of Latin circus (“circle, circus”), from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring”), related to Old English hring (“ring”). Compare also Old English ċircul (“circle, zodiac”), which came from the same Latin source.

دَائِرَة

geometry: set of all points in a plane within a radius

He arrived at the lakefront and drove around the circle where the amusement park and beach used to be when he was a kid[…]

2011, Charles E. Webb, Downfall and Freedom, page 120:

(South Africa, Philippines, India) A traffic circle or roundabout.

(astronomy) An instrument of observation, whose graduated limb consists of an entire circle. When fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle.


circle

en-verb

circle (third-person singular simple present circles, present participle circling, simple past and past participle circled)

circles (present singular third-person)
circling (participle present)
circled (participle past)
circled (past)

Vultures circled overhead.


wake

From Middle English wake, from Old English wacu, from Proto-Germanic *wakō, related to the verb *wakjaną.

1523–1525, Jean Froissart, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners (translator), Froissart's Chronicles
Great solemnities were made in all churches, and great fairs and wakes throughout all England.

And every village smokes at wakes with lusty cheer.

1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Mathew Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, published 1613, →OCLC:

(historical, Church of England) A yearly parish festival formerly held in commemoration of the dedication of a church. Originally, prayers were said on the evening preceding, and hymns were sung during the night, in the church; subsequently, these vigils were discontinued, and the day itself, often with succeeding days, was occupied in rural pastimes and exercises, attended by eating and drinking.


wet

en-noun

wet (countable and uncountable, plural wets)

From Middle English wet (“wet, moistened”), wett, wette, past participle of Middle English weten (“to wet”), from Old English wǣtan (“to wet, moisten, water”), from Proto-Germanic *wētijaną (“to wet, make wet”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water, wet”) (also the source of water).
Cognate with Scots weit, wete (“to wet”), Saterland Frisian wäitje (“to wet; drench”), Icelandic væta (“to wet”). Compare also Middle English weet (“wet”), from Old English wǣt (“wet, moist, rainy”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāt, from Proto-Germanic *wētaz (“wet, moist”), related to Scots weit, weet, wat (“wet”), North Frisian wiat, weet, wäit (“wet”), Saterland Frisian wäit (“wet”), West Frisian wiet (“wet”), Middle Dutch wet (“wet, damp, watery”), Swedish and Norwegian våt (“wet”), Danish våd (“wet”), Faroese vátur (“wet”), Icelandic votur (“wet”).

cog

(British, UK politics, derogatory) A moderate Conservative; especially, one who opposed the hard-line policies of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s.


whip

→ Irish: fuip

⇒ Jamaican Creole: wip

From Middle English whippen, wippen (“to flap violently”), from Middle Dutch wippen (“to swing, leap, dance, oscillate”) and Middle Low German wippen (“to move quickly”), from Proto-Germanic *wipjaną (“to move back and forth”). Some similarity to Sanskrit root वेप् (vep, “shake, flourish”), Latin vibrō (“I shake”). (See Swedish vippa and Danish vippe (“to shake”)).
The unetymological wh- is probably expressive of the sound of a whip; compare the same development in whisk and onomatopoeias such as whack and whoosh.
The political senses are from whipper-in (“huntsman who keeps the hounds from wandering”), 18th century hunting terminology.

der

(UK politics, with definite article) A document distributed weekly to MPs by party whips informing them of upcoming votes in parliament.

to withdraw the whip

As a result, he was stripped of the whip on Tuesday, preventing him from voting in the fourth ballot to narrow down candidates to be the next party leader.

2022 July 20, Heather Stewart, “Tobias Ellwood temporarily given back Tory whip to vote in leadership contest”, in The Guardian:

In the letter, Hancock said he had spoken to the Conservatives’ chief whip, Simon Hart, last week, and been told the whip would be restored in time, “but that is now not necessary” – meaning he will sit as an independent until the next election.

2022 December 7, Peter Walker, “Row grows over Matt Hancock’s announcement he is quitting as MP”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics, by extension) The regular status of an MP within a parliamentary party, which can be revoked by the party as a disciplinary measure.


suspension

en-noun

suspension (countable and uncountable, plural suspensions)

Borrowed from Late Latin suspensiōnem (“arching, vaulting; suspension”), from suspendēre (“to hang up, to suspend”), from sub- (“under”) + pendere (“to hang, to suspend”), from Proto-Italic *pendō (“to hang, to put in a hanging position”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-e-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”)). Compare Anglo-Norman suspensiun, French suspension, Occitan suspensio.

der

(Scots law) A stay or postponement of the execution of a sentence, usually by letters of suspension granted on application to the Lord Ordinary.

εκκρεμότητα

Scots law: stay or postponement of the execution of a sentence


dry

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

(British, UK politics) A radical or hard-line Conservative; especially, one who supported the policies of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s.


upgive

en-verb

upgive (third-person singular simple present upgives, present participle upgiving, simple past upgave, past participle upgiven)

upgives (present singular third-person)
upgiving (participle present)
upgave (past)
upgiven (participle past)

From up- + give. Cognate with German aufgeben (“to abandon, give up, quit”).

cog

[…] we hereby resign, surrender, upgive, overgive and deliver, ALL and WHOLE — (here the lands were described) — together with all right, title and interest whatever […]

1811, Robert Bell, A System of the Forms of Deeds Used in Scotland, page 116:

Then, too, are Jersey's sons all resolute, / Repairing to the camp in numbers great, / Their sufferings to avenge upon the foe, / Which all must cease should Jersey be upgiven.

1849, Robert Wharton Landis, Liberty's Triumph: A Poem, page 255:

There fell a sudden rain then, from the gods: / Which glisters, in the sun, like golden hairs; / And earth upgave sweet savour of her sod, / Mingled with iron stink of sweat and blood.

1906, Charles Montagu Doughty, The Dawn in Britain, page 4:

(transitive, poetic, obsolete except in Scots law) To give up or yield up.


塔

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (塔):
* → Japanese: 塔(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 탑(塔) (tap)
* → Vietnamese: tháp (塔)

→ Thai: ถะ (tà, “pagoda”)

Eastern Han
Lokaksema (Buddhist monk)
Middle Chinese
Old Chinese

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰuːb): semantic 土 + phonetic 荅 (OC *tkuːb).
Borrowed from a Middle Indo-Aryan language into the late Old Chinese of Eastern Han (alternatively considered an early form of Middle Chinese), for example in the translations attributed to Lokakṣema. Cf. Ashokan Prakrit 𑀣𑀼𑀩𑁂 (thube), Gandhari 𐨠𐨂𐨬 (thuva) and other forms, Pali thūpa, vs. Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa).


寺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (寺):
* → Japanese: 寺(じ) (ji)
* → Korean: 사(寺) (sa)

/t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯs): phonetic 𡳿 (OC *tjɯ, “to go”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – to grasp, to hold. Phonetic 𡳿 (之) became 土 or 士 in the clerical script from the late Western Han to the Eastern Han, and semantic 又 become 寸 in Small Seal Script. The derivative 持 (OC *l'ɯ) refers to the original word.
The character was often used in the place of a more specialized form. For example, in the Chu Silk Manuscript (see table above) it clearly stood for 時 (OC *djɯ, “season”).

Han compound

清真寺

仙鶴寺／仙鹤寺

西敏寺


廟

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (廟):
* → Japanese: 廟(びょう) (byō)
* → Korean: 묘(廟) (myo)
* → Vietnamese: miếu (廟)

→ Proto-Be: *miːwᴮꟲ²

Lingao: miu⁴

desc

→ Lü: ᦶᦖᧁᧈ (ṁaew¹)

→ Lü: ᦶᦖᧁᧈ (ṁaew¹)

/miːu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbiau³²⁻³²⁵/

/miːu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbiau³²⁻³²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrews): semantic 广 + phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew).
Possibly related to Proto-Hmong-Mien *prəuX (“house”), whence White Hmong tsev (“idem”) (Schuessler, 2007). Note also Burmese မြို့ (mrui., “town, city”).

Han compound

(architecture, religion) temple (Classifier: 座; 間／间)

廟小妖風大，池淺王八多／庙小妖风大，池浅王八多

miào xiǎo yāofēng dà, chí qiǎn wángbā duō


Fand

(Irish mythology) A fairy and the wife of Manannán mac Lir and later the lover of Cúchulainn.


PC

(UK politics) Initialism of Plaid Cymru.


augmentation

en-noun

augmentation (countable and uncountable, plural augmentations)

From Middle English augmentation, augmentacion, augmentacioun, from Old French augmentacion, from Latin augmentātiō, verbal noun from augmentō (“increase”, verb).

(Scots law) An increase of stipend obtained by a parish minister by an action raised in the Court of Teinds against the titular and heritors.


alter

head

alter n (singular definite altret or alteret, plural indefinite altre)

altret (definite singular)
alteret (definite singular)
altre (indefinite plural)
alter (indefinite nominative singular)
altret (definite nominative singular)
alteret (definite nominative singular)
altre (indefinite nominative plural)
altrene (definite nominative plural)
alters (genitive indefinite singular)
altrets (definite genitive singular)
alterets (definite genitive singular)
altres (genitive indefinite plural)
altrenes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse altari, from Old Saxon altari, from Late Latin altare (“altar”). Cognate with English altar and German Altar.

(religion) altar, a table or a platform for making sacrifices.

(Christianity) altar, the ritual space of a Christian church.


alter

alter n (definite singular alteret / altret, indefinite plural alter / altere / altre, definite plural altera / altra / altrene)

alteret (definite singular)
altret (definite singular)
alter (indefinite plural)
altere (indefinite plural)
altre (indefinite plural)
altera (definite plural)
altra (definite plural)
altrene (definite plural)


alter

alter n (definite singular alteret, indefinite plural alter, definite plural altera)

alteret (definite singular)
alter (indefinite plural)
altera (definite plural)


grove

From Middle English grove, grave, from Old English grāf, grāfa (“grove; copse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graib, *graibō (“branch, group of branches, thicket”), from Proto-Germanic *graibaz, *graibô (“branch, fork”).
Related to Old English grǣf, grǣfe (“brushwood; thicket; copse”), Old English grǣfa (“thicket”), dialectal Norwegian greive (“ram with splayed horns”), dialectal Norwegian greivlar (“ramifications of an antler”), dialectal Norwegian grivla (“to branch, branch out”), Old Norse grein (“twig, branch, limb”). More at greave.


temple

From Middle English temple, from Old English templ, tempel, borrowed from Latin templum (“shrine, temple, area for auspices”). Compare Old High German tempal (“temple”), also a borrowing from the Latin.

tempel

place of worship — see also place of worship

How often do you go to temple?

(Judaism) Synonym of synagogue, especially a non-Orthodox synagogue.


temple

Inherited from Old French temple, borrowed from Latin templum.


temple

From Old Occitan temple or Old French temple. Compare the inherited tiemplo and the learned form templo, all ultimately from Latin templum.

embiol ael aſenachaerib toda la plata q̃ pudo trobar en la del criador. e el teſoro de los reẏſ. eſtoz cranto ezechias las puertas del temple e todo quanto pudo aù embiolo al reẏ de ſiria esto peſo al criador

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 53v:

He sent Sennacherib all the silver he could find in the [house] of the Creator and the treasury of the kings. Then Hezekiah broke the doors of the temple and all that there was he sent to the king of Assyria. This weighed upon the Creator.


PPS

Shah has since apologised, saying: “I deeply regret the hurt I have caused.” It emerged later that she had stepped down as PPS to McDonnell.

2016 April 26, Nazia Parveen, “Bradford MP Naz Shah quits as McDonnell's PPS after antisemitic posts”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics) Initialism of parliamentary private secretary.


Georgian

en-noun

Georgian (countable and uncountable, plural Georgians)

/ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/

United States of America
United States of America

(countable) A native or resident of the state of Georgia in the United States of America.

Iberian

native or resident of the Eurasian country of Georgia

goober

native or resident of the US state of Georgia


Georgian

en-adj

Georgian (comparative more Georgian, superlative most Georgian)

more Georgian (comparative)
most Georgian (superlative)

/ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/

Of, from, or characteristic of the reigns of Kings George I and George II of Great Britain, and George III and George IV of the United Kingdom (1714–1830).

Pertaining to a movement in lyric poetry during the reign of King George V of the United Kingdom (1910-1936).


affect

en-verb

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected)

affects (present singular third-person)
affecting (participle present)
affected (participle past)
affected (past)

From Middle English affecten, from Latin affectāre, from Latin affectus, the participle stem of Latin afficere (“to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease”), from ad- + facere (“to make, do”).

der

(transitive, Scots law) To burden (property) with a fixed charge or payment, or other condition or restriction.


monastery

From Middle English monasterie, from Old French monastere, from Medieval Latin monastērium (“monastery”), from Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion, “hermitage, monastery”), from μοναστήριος (monastḗrios, “alone, made alone”) + -ιον (-ion, “-ium”, suffix forming place names), from μονάζω (monázō, “to be alone”), from μόνος (mónos, “alone”) + -άζω (-ázō, verb-forming suffix). Doublet of minster.

A residence for monks or others who have taken religious vows.


altar

→ Maori: āta

From Middle English alter, from Old English alter, taken from Latin altare (“altar”), probably related to adolere (“burn”); thus "burning place", influenced by altus (“high”). Displaced native Middle English wēved.

[…] now marking the end of ascetic rationalism, the monadology no longer implied a sacrifice of individuality on the altar of rationality.

2000, Alain Renaut, M. B. De Bevoise, Era of the Individual: A Contribution to a History of Subjectivity:

(figurative) Any (real or notional) place where something is worshipped or sacrificed to.


altar

From Middle High German alter, altære, from Old High German altāri, from Latin altāre. Cognate with German Altar.


altar

From Old Galician-Portuguese altar, from Latin altāre (“altar for burnt offerings”). Cf. also Portuguese outeiro.

inh

altar (flat structure used for religious rites)


altar

altare (plural)
altar (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
un altar (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
altarul (accusative definite nominative singular)
altare (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște altare (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
altarele (accusative definite nominative plural)
altar (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unui altar (dative genitive indefinite singular)
altarului (dative definite genitive singular)
altare (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor altare (dative genitive indefinite plural)
altarelor (dative definite genitive plural)
altarule (singular vocative)
altarelor (plural vocative)

Inherited from Latin altārium or altār, with the plural deriving from altāria. Compare oltar, a rare and dated variant which derives from the same source via a Slavic intermediary.


altar

Chavacano: altar

Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico

Inherited from Old Spanish altar (attested as far back as the Cantar de Mio Cid), from Latin altāre. See also otero.

stone that separates the firebox from the hearth in reverberatory furnaces


altar

Borrowed from Spanish altar, from Latin altāre. Doublet of alta.

altar (a table used for religious rites)


wat

There are two wats near this village.

Angkor Wat

Having at last got past the crowd of boats, we advanced rapidly for two hours more, when we stopped at a wat, in order to give the men a rest.

1857, Sir John Bowring, The kingdom and people of Siam, volume 1, page 165:

Aside from its religious function in the community, the wat also performs a large variety of social functions.

1982, Carlo Caldarola, Religions and societies, Asia and the Middle East, page 379:

It would be a mistake, however, to emphasize the Hindu element in Cambodian Buddhism and Cambodian temples. At its greatest it is always a subordinate element and in most of the wats or temples it hardly appears at all, […]

1996, James Bissett Pratt, The Pilgrimage of Buddhism and a Buddhist Pilgrimage, page 194:

It is often possible to discern the motivation or importance of a wat by examining its name

1999, Steve Van Beek with Luca Invernizzi, The arts of Thailand, page 15:

The ubosoth is in a small enclosure just before the main entrance to the wat, on the right, which has fine gilded doors. The wat has a small museum.

2003, Joshua Eliot with Jane Bickersteth, Thailand handbook, page 268:

A Buddhist temple in Southeast Asia, especially those in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia.


wat

wat (a type of Buddhist temple common in Southeast Asia)


minor

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

(Scots law, obsolete) An adolescent, a person above the legal age of puberty but below the age of majority.


lock

From Middle English lok, lokke, from Old English locc (“hair of the head, hair, lock of hair, curl, ringlet”), from Proto-West Germanic *lokk, from Proto-Germanic *lukkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lugnó-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”).
Cognate with West Frisian lok, lokke, Dutch lok (“earlock, curl”), German Locke (“lock of hair, curl”), Danish lok, Swedish lock (“lock of hair, curl”). It has been theorised that the word may be related to the Gothic verb *𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (*lukan, “to shut”) in its ancient meaning "to curb".

inh

(Scots law, historical) A quantity of meal, the perquisite of a mill-servant.


ping pong

en-noun

ping pong (countable and uncountable, plural ping pongs)

→ Chinese: 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú)

→ Greek: πινγκ πονγκ (pingk pongk)

→ Italian: ping pong

→ Japanese: ピンポン (pin pon)

→ Korean: 핑퐁 (pingpong)

→ Portuguese: pingue-pongue

→ Russian: пинг-понг (ping-pong)

→ Spanish: ping pong

Onomatopoeic. The name “ping-pong” was in wide use before British manufacturer J. Jaques & Son Ltd trademarked it in 1901. Jaques sold the rights to the “ping-pong” name in the United States to Parker Brothers. Registered in the United States in 1930, Ping-Pong (with dash) is still a registered wordmark of Parker Brothers, Inc. Contrary to a common misconception, the word does not originate from Chinese 乒乓 (pīngpāng), though there are possibilities that the coiners encountered Chinese themselves.

(UK politics) The exchange of proposed amendments between the two Houses of Parliament, particularly at the end of a session when compromises have to be made to complete the legislative process within the limited time available.


tabernacle

From Middle English tabernacle (14th century), from Old French tabernacle, from Latin tabernāculum (“tent, booth, shed”), the diminutive of taberna (“hut, shed”).

der

Any portable shrine used in heathen or idolatrous worship.

alttari

any portable shrine used in heathen or idolatrous worship

It was over these innocent necessary precautions that the local committees always showed their meanness. They liked giving over only one contribution to the evangelist, but they wanted nothing said about it till they themselves had been taken care of--till the rent of the hall or the cost of building a tabernacle, the heat, the lights, the advertising, and other expenses had been paid.

1927, Sinclair Lewis, chapter 13, in Elmer Gantry:

(originally Methodism) A temporary place of worship, especially a tent, for a tent meeting, as with a venue for revival meetings.

saarnateltta

(by extension) Any house of worship, especially a Mormon meetinghouse.

(figuratively) Any abode or dwelling place, or especially the human body as the temporary dwelling place of the soul, or life.

tomumaja

(nautical) A hinged device allowing for the easy folding of a mast 90 degrees from perpendicular, as for transporting the boat on a trailer, or passing under a bridge.

mastonkaatolaite

nautical: device allowing for the easy folding of a mast


adhere

en-verb

adhere (third-person singular simple present adheres, present participle adhering, simple past and past participle adhered)

adheres (present singular third-person)
adhering (participle present)
adhered (participle past)
adhered (past)

From Middle English *adheren (suggested by Middle English adherande (“adhering, adherent”, present participle)), from Latin adhaerēre, adhaesum: ad (“to”) + haerēre (“to stick”). Compare French adhérer.

cog

(intransitive, Scots law) To affirm a judgment.


World War I

(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

第１次世界大戦

だいいちじせかいたいせん


advise

en-verb

advise (third-person singular simple present advises, present participle advising, simple past and past participle advised)

advises (present singular third-person)
advising (participle present)
advised (participle past)
advised (past)
advise (infinitive)

From Middle English avisen (“to perceive, consider, inform”), from Old French aviser, from avis, or from Late Latin advisō, from ad + visō, from Latin videō (“to see”), visum (“past participle of videō”). See also advice.

inh

(Scots law) To deliver judgment after a case has been reserved for further consideration.


decimalisation

en-noun

decimalisation (usually uncountable, plural decimalisations)

Specifically, conversion of the currencies of the United Kingdom and Ireland in 1971 from pounds, shillings and pence to a decimal system in which one pound was worth 100 new pence (later renamed simply pence).


Thatcher's children

She has not begun to stem the tide of British ugliness—the yobbish teenagers shivering in their torn gear; the shoddy streets littered with fast-food packaging; the drunks urinating on London's tube platforms; the drug culture. It is facile to call those concerned “Thatcher's children”: she is not responsible for their actions.

London's financial district, like New York's, had its “big bang,” after which, as though from dragon's teeth, Yuppies sprang up, armed with Porsches and mobile telephones. They included, inevitably, some unattractive specimens, and much of their wealth has proved evanescent. To call them “Thatcher's children” is both unfair and unhistorical. Just the same corner-cutting, money-obsessed types can be found in the novels of Trollope and Galsworthy. At the other end of the scale are the workers in moribund industries, the unmarried mothers, and the feckless young, all those who have come to expect more from the welfare state than the welfare state could ever provide: They too are called “Thatcher's children”: but their problems would have existed whatever government was in power.

1990, Anthony Lejeune, “Class”, in National Review, volume 42, number 21, pages 81–84:

Negus (2002), for example, characterizes intermediaries in the music industry in London as “public schoolboys”; in Manchester they have been seen as “Thatcher's children,” the unemployed and disaffected.

2005, Justin O'Connor, “Cities, Culture and ‘Transitional Economies’: Developing Cultural Industries in St. Petersburg”, in John Hartley, editor, Creative Industries, Wiley-Blackwell, page 255:

The social group in Britain that came to be known as ‘Thatcher's children’ (benefiting from the right-wing monetarist policies of Margaret Thatcher's government) were also called ‘yuppies’ (young, upwardly-mobile professionals, especially those working in money markets and the Stock Exchange). They often originated in the south-east of England and their profit motives were legitimised by government policy in favour of free market economics.

2007, Nikolas Coupland, Style: Language Variation and Identity, Cambridge University Press, page 96:

Non-unionism was now the norm across swathes of the private sector so that only an estimated 16% of employees were organised by trade unions by 2006. Increasingly younger workers aged between sixteen and twenty-four – known as Thatcher's children – saw little point in being trade union members.

2007, Anthony Seldon, Blair's Britain, 1997–2007, Cambridge University Press, page 228:

People who grew up or were born in the United Kingdom during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990) and who adopted the ideology of Thatcherism.


Thatcherism

From Thatcher + -ism. Popularized by Jamaican-born British sociologist and cultural theorist Stuart Hall in an article in Marxism Today, see quotations.

coin

Thus “Thatcherism” is—give or take one or two elements—the corresponding political bedfellow of a period of capitalist recession: the significant differences between this and other variants of Tory “philosophy” being conceived as without any specific pertinent political or ideological effects.

1979 January, Stuart Hall, “The Great Moving Right Show”, in Marxism Today, page 14:

(UK politics) The political ideology attributed to the governments of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990), characterised by, among other things, a free market economy, privatisation, low taxation, austerity and opposition to unionisation.

撒切爾主義

political ideology of Thatcher's governments


Thatcherite

en-adj

Thatcherite (comparative more Thatcherite, superlative most Thatcherite)

more Thatcherite (comparative)
most Thatcherite (superlative)

/ˈθæt͡ʃəɹaɪt/

From Thatcher + -ite, named after British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013).

named-after

a Thatcherite policy

Morgan, by his own description represented the new spirit of Thatcherite enterprise.

(UK politics) Of or relating to Thatcherism.

He has a Thatcherite outlook on life.


Thatcherite

/ˈθæt͡ʃəɹaɪt/

(UK politics) An advocate of Thatcherism.


shilling

From Middle English schilling, shilling, from Old English sċilling, from Proto-Germanic *skillingaz, equivalent to skill + -ing. Doublet of scalding and schilling.

look as if one had lost a shilling and found sixpence

A great bargain also had been[…]the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire. In fact, that arm-chair had been an extravagance of Mrs. Bunting. She had wanted her husband to be comfortable after the day's work was done, and she had paid thirty-seven shillings for the chair.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:

(historical) A coin formerly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, Australia, New Zealand and many other Commonwealth countries worth twelve old pence, or one twentieth of a pound sterling.


PDD

People Demand Democracy
w:People Demand Democracy

(UK politics) Initialism of People Demand Democracy.


مسجد

head

مسجد • (mescid) (definite accusative مسجدی (mescidi), plural مساجد (mesâcid))

mescid (romanization)
مسجدی (accusative definite)
مساجد (plural)

Turkish: mescit

→ Hungarian: mecset

Borrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, “mosque”), noun of place from the verb سَجَدَ (sajada, “to bow down”).

bor+

mosque, a place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret


مسجد

head

مَسجِد • (masjed) (plural مساجد (masâjed) or مسجدها (masjed-hâ))

مَسجِد (canonical)
masjed (romanization)
مساجد (plural)
مسجدها (plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic س ج د (s j d)
Arabic سَجَدَ (sajada)
Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid)bor.
Persian مسجدBorrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).


مسجد

ajp-noun

مسجد • (masjid) m (plural مساجد (masājid))


مسجد

ur-noun

مَسْجِد • (masjid) f (formal plural مَساجِد (masājid), Hindi spelling मस्जिद)

مَسْجِد (canonical)
masjid (romanization)
مَساجِد (formal plural)
मस्जिद (Hindi)
مَسْجِد (direct singular)
مَسْجِدیں (direct plural)
مَسْجِد (oblique singular)
مَسْجِدوں (oblique plural)
مَسْجِد (singular vocative)
مَسْجِدو (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Arabic س ج د (s j d)
Arabic سَجَدَ (sajada)
Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid)bor.
Classical Persian مَسْجِد (masjid)bor.
Urdu مَسْجِد (masjid)Borrowed from Classical Persian مَسْجِد (masjid), borrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from سَجَدَ (sajada), from س ج د (s j d). First attested in c. 1609 as Middle Hindi مسجد (msjd /masjid/).

etymon

مَسْجِد

ref

“مسجد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

جَامِع مَسْجِد

a central; congregational (Jamia) mosque

اس عبادت گاہ کو بنی اسرائیل مسجد بھی کہا جاتا تھا۔

2019 May 16, شاہ ولی اللہ [Shah Wali-ul-llah], “کراچی میں مقیم یہودیوں کی تاریخ [karācī meṉ maqīm yahūdioṉ kī tārīx]”, in روزنامہ جنگ [Daily Jang], Karachi:

This place of worship also used to be known as the Bene Israel synagogue.


reduce

en-verb

reduce (third-person singular simple present reduces, present participle reducing, simple past and past participle reduced)

reduces (present singular third-person)
reducing (participle present)
reduced (participle past)
reduced (past)

From Middle English reducen, from Old French reduire, from Latin redūcō (“reduce”); from re- (“back”) + dūcō (“lead”). See duke, and compare with redoubt.

(transitive, Scots law) To annul by legal means.


tera

tera (nominative singular)
tery (nominative plural)
tery (genitive singular)
ter (genitive plural)
terze (dative singular)
terom (dative plural)
terę (accusative singular)
tery (accusative plural)
terą (instrumental singular)
terami (instrumental plural)
terze (locative singular)
terach (locative plural)
tero (singular vocative)
tery (plural vocative)

(Buddhism) tera (Buddhist temple in Japan)


Holy Grail

the Holy Grail (canonical)
Holy Grails (plural)

From Middle English Holy Grayle.
(web page layout): So called because it was traditionally difficult to achieve with the available markup.

(Arthurian legend) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.


ward

en-noun

ward (countable and uncountable, plural wards)

→ Swahili: wodi

From Middle English ward, warde, from Old English weard (“watching, ward, protection, guardianship; advance post; waiting for, lurking, ambuscade”), from Proto-West Germanic *wardu, from Proto-Germanic *wardō (“protection, attention, keeping”), an extension of the stem *wara- (“attentive”) (English wary, beware), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”).
Cognate with German Warte (“watchtower”), warten (“wait for”); English guard is a parallel form which came via Old French.

inh

(historical, Scots law) Land tenure through military service.

Protection, defence.
Land tenure through military service.


diet

From Middle English diet, dyet, from Old French diete, from Medieval Latin diēta, diaeta (“a public assembly; set day of trial; a day's journey”), from Ancient Greek δῐ́αιτα (díaita, “way of living, living space; decision, judgement”), influenced by Latin diēs (“day”).

der

(Scots law) A criminal proceeding in court.


UK Independence Party

A Euro-sceptic political party in the United Kingdom.


UKIP

UK Independence Party
UK Independence Party#English


friary

en-adj

friary (comparative more friary, superlative most friary)

more friary (comparative)
most friary (superlative)

From friar (“brother”) in a religious order, from Latin frater (“brother”), from Latin.

Saint Francis with his Friery kowle in a corne-field.

1605, M. N. [pseudonym; William Camden], Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, […], London: […] G[eorge] E[ld] for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:

Like a friar; relating to friars or to a convent.

mönchisch

like a friar; relating to friars or to a convent


cappella

desc

→ Friulian: capele (or directly from Latin)

desctree

→ German: Kapelle (“band”)
→ English: capelle, kapelle
→ Polish: kapela

→ Luxembourgish: Kapell

→ Norwegian Bokmål: cappella

→ Romanian: capelă

→ Russian: капе́лла (kapélla)
→ Crimean Tatar: kapella

From Medieval Latin or Late Latin cappella, from the diminutive of cappa.


วัด

th-noun

วัด • (wát) (classifier วัด or หลัง or แห่ง)

wát (romanization)
วัด (classifier)
หลัง (classifier)
แห่ง (classifier)

→ English: wat

→ Malay: wat

→ Pattani Malay: واء / วะ

→ Urak Lawoi': วัยจ (wac)

From Old Khmer វត្ត (vatta), វត (vata), វ័ត (vâta), វត្យ (vatya), វត្រ (vatra), វត្ថ (vattha), -វាត (°vāta, “Buddhist temple compound; monastery”). Possibly related to Old Khmer វត្ត៑ (“to encircle; to enclose > enceinte”). Cognate with Modern Khmer វត្ត (voat); Lao ວັດ (wat); Lü ᦞᧆ (vad); Shan ဝတ်ႉ (wâ̰t).

cog

1908 August 30, “แจ้งความกระทรวงมหาดไทย ลงวันที่ ๒๔ สิงหาคม รัตนโกสินทรศก ๑๒๗”, in ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, volume 25, retrieved 2019-10-31, page 633:
ด้วยในศก ๑๒๗ บาดหลวงอีกอลอมเบต์วัดอาซัมชั่นกรุงเทพฯได้ออกเงินเกื้อกูลแก่อาไศรยสถานณะตำบลอ่างศิลา...
dûai nai sòk · rɔ́ɔi yîi-sìp jèt · bàat-lǔuang ii-gɔɔ-lɔɔm-bee wát aa-sam-chân grung-têep dâai ɔ̀ɔk ngən gʉ̂ʉa-guun gɛ̀ɛ aa-sǎi-sà-tǎan ná dtam-bon àang-sì-laa ...
Whereas, in the year 127, the priest I-ko-lom-be of Bangkok Assumption Cathedral had provided support money for the housing at Ang Sila Subdistrict...

(irrespective of the religion) religious compound or place of worship, as temple, sanctuary, monastery, etc.


Blueshirt

(Ireland, derogatory) A member of Ireland's Fine Gael political party, which O'Duffy's followers joined after their own organization was dissolved.


World War II

As students all over the United States knuckle down to learning, the rumble of war drums once more proclaims Mars high man in Europe. Discarding morbid curiosity, every student should consider it vitally necessary to get a general picture of the causes, movements, and possible effects of World War II. The average U. S. citizen's knowledge of World War II will probably decide his role in it.

1939 November 10, “Following The War”, in The Chart, volume I, number 1, Joplin, Missouri: Joplin Junior College, page 4, column 1:

Nothing since the beginning of World War II, a year ago last September, has boosted British morale or given them greater courage to fight on as has this brilliant Libyan campaign.

1941 March, Frederick M. Barrows, “The War in Africa”, in Command and General Staff School Military Review, volume XXI, number 80, →OCLC, page 23, column 1:

If Demandt's essay served as a strident example of the German desire for normalcy, a more subtle example was provided by a brief allohistorical depiction of a Nazi victory in World War II written by German historian Michael Salewski in 1999.

2005 May 23, Gavriel D. Rosenfeld, The World Hitler Never Made: Alternate History and the Memory of Nazism, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 182:

The tiny island of Tinian was the launch point for American planes carrying atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Now a new runway is being carved from the jungle, just south of World War II ruins inked with mildew.

2023 March 25, Damien Cave, “An Anxious Asia Arms for a War It Hopes to Prevent”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-25:

(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.

מִלְחֶמֶת הָעוֹלָם הַשְּׁנִיָּה \ מלחמת העולם השנייה

Great Patriotic War

primarily in a Soviet or Russian context


feu

(Scots law, property law, historical) Land held in feudal tenure.


feu

en-verb

feu (third-person singular simple present feus, present participle feuing, simple past and past participle feued)

feus (present singular third-person)
feuing (participle present)
feued (participle past)
feued (past)

1813, "Keith", Entry in Nicholas Carlisle, A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, Volume II, unnumbered page,
The Village of OLD KEITH is of ancient date, having been partly feued by the predecessors of the Family of Forbes, and partly feued by the Ministers, and stands upon the glebe: this Village is greatly on the decline, and almost a ruin.—About the year 1750, the late Lord FINDLATER divided a barren Muir, and feued it out in small lots […] .

1841, Alexander Dunlop, J. M. Bell, John Murray, James Donaldson (reporters), Cases Decided in the Court of Session, Volume 3, 2nd Series, page 620,
The prohibition of feuing beyond a certain extent was clearly implied; […] .

But in effect, whereas Heriot's knew that their feuing conditions were subordinate to the law of contract, the Earl of Moray knew by 1822 that as a result of the Lords' decision in 1818 estate development could not be controlled by contract law and the feuing plan.[…]The impact on the Moray estate was that[…]despite a recession in the Edinburgh property market generally after 1826, virtually the entire estate was feued by 1836.

2001, Richard Rodger, “The Transformation of Edinburgh: Land, Property and Trust in the Nineteenth Century”, in Paperback, Cambridge University Press, published 2004, page 68:

(Scots law, transitive) To bring (land) under the system of feudal tenure.


feu

(Scots law, property law) feud, tenure, piece of land held by that tenure


capel

cy-noun

capel m (plural capeli or capelau or capelydd or capeloedd)

capeli (plural)
capelau (plural)
capelydd (plural)
capeloedd (plural)
capel (mutation mutation-radical)
gapel (mutation mutation-soft)
nghapel (mutation mutation-nasal)
chapel (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh capel, borrowed from Late Latin cappella (“little cloak; chapel”), diminutive of Latin cappa (“cloak, cape”).


神社

/ʂən³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ sɛː¹³/

/ʂən³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ sɛː¹³/


神社

神社 (canonical)
jinja (romanization)
zinzya (romanization)
じんじや (hiragana historical)

→ Amis: cincya

→ English: jinja

[d͡ʑĩɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]


神社

ja-noun

神(かみ)社(やしろ) or 神(かむ)社(やしろ) • (kamiyashiro or kamuyashiro)

神社 (canonical)
神社 (canonical)
kamiyashiro (romanization)
kamuyashiro (romanization)

椿大神社


神社

神社 (canonical)
Kamiyashiro (romanization)

a town in Watarai District, Mie Prefecture


shrine

From Middle English shryne, from Old English scrīn (“reliquary, ark of the covenant”), from Medieval Latin scrīnium (“reliquary”), “case or chest for books or papers” in Classical Latin. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Compare Old Norse skrín, Old High German skrīni (German Schrein).

der

Entering the tunnel, we pass a small shrine above our heads which contains a statue of St Barbara, the patron saint of tunnellers. It is traditional to have such shrines on every tunnel site.

2022 March 23, Paul Bigland, “HS2 is just 'passing through'”, in RAIL, number 953, page 41:

A holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which said figure is venerated or worshipped.

shenjtë

a holy place dedicated to a specific figure of respect


coupon

From French coupon, from couper (“to cut”).

(UK politics, historical) The letter sent to parliamentary candidates at the 1918 general election, endorsing them as official representatives of the coalition government.


Tigger

From the initials of The Independent Group + -er.

Nor is there any sign that Corbyn is at present willing to make any overtures to the eight Tiggers and those who may be contemplating joining them.

2019 February 25, John Crace, “The Independent Group may have secured another Tory government. That's not an accident”, in British GQ:

For one Tigger in particular, Chuka Umunna, 2019 was quite a rollercoaster. Over the course of the year, he was an MP for Labour, an MP for The Independent Group, an MP for the Lib Dems, and then an MP for no one.

2020 January 31, Michael Deacon, “The 20 funniest moments of Brexit”, in The Telegraph:

In fact, Joan Ryan MP (the first Labour MP to jump ship to the Tiggers/Change UK) said, after I'd confessed to her about the dog shampoo, ‘Well, I think your coat looks very nice.’

2020 March 19, Rachel Johnson, Rake's Progress: My Political Midlife Crisis, →ISBN:

(informal, UK politics, historical) A member of The Independent Group for Change, a pro-European British political party that existed in 2019.


chapelle

Antillean Creole: chapèl

→ Turkish: şapel

Inherited from Middle French chapelle, from Old French chapele, from Medieval Latin or Late Latin cappella, diminutive of cappa.


LC

en-noun

LC (countable and uncountable, plural LCs)

The lord chancellorship certainly needed reform and sadly Lord Irvine resisted taking the sensible steps of creating an independent judicial appointments commission and ending the nonsense of the LC having the right, should he choose, of sitting himself as a judge on cases.

2016 July 27, Helena Kennedy QC, “Letters: Charlie Falconer to blame for lord chancellor folly”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics) Initialism of lord chancellor.


stress

stress (countable and uncountable, plural stresses)

Hans Selye
Walter Cannon
stress
stress (mechanics)

From a shortening of Middle English destresse, borrowed from Old French destrecier, from Latin distringō (“to stretch out”). This form probably coalesced with Middle English stresse, from Old French estrece (“narrowness”), from Vulgar Latin *strictia, from Latin strictus (“narrow”).
In the sense of "mental strain" or “disruption”, used occasionally in the 1920s and 1930s by psychologists, including Walter Cannon (1934); in “biological threat”, used by endocrinologist Hans Selye, by metaphor with stress in physics (force on an object) in the 1930s, and popularized by same in the 1950s.

(Scots law) distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained.


Maggie

(informal) Margaret Thatcher, former British prime minister.


panel

From Middle English panel (“piece of cloth, saddle pad, pane of glass, piece of ice, part, division, jury list, jury members”), from Anglo-Norman panel, panelle (“piece of cloth, saddle cushion”), from Vulgar Latin *pannellus, diminutive of Latin pannus (“cloth, rag, garment”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂n- (“fabric”). Cognate with Old English fana (“a piece of cloth, patch, banner, flag, vane”). Doublet of vane.

cog

[I]t remains only to examine the Relevancy of the two general exculpatory Defences pled for the Pannells.

1737, “Information for His Majesty’s Advocate, and Mr. Hugh Forbes, Advocate, Procurator Fiscal of the High Court of Admiralty, against Thomas McAdam, and James Long, Pannels”, in Extract of the Proceedings before James Graham of Airth, Esq; Judge of the High Court of Admiralty in Scotland, in the Action at the Instance of Duncan Forbes, Esq; His Majesty’s Advocate, and Mr. Hugh Forbes, Advocate, Procurator Fiscal of the Said High Court, against Thomas McAdams Souldier, and James Long Corporal, in the Regiment of Foot Commanded by Colonel —— Hamilton. Laid before the House Pursuant to Their Lordship’s Order April 18, 1737, London: Printed by John Baskett, […], →OCLC, page 12:

(Scots law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court.


superior

/sʉːˈpɪə.ɹiː.ə/

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French superiour, from Latin superior (“higher, upper”).

(Scots law, historical) One who has made an original grant of heritable property to a tenant or vassal, on condition of a certain annual payment (feu duty) or of the performance of certain services.


crave

From Middle English craven, from Old English crafian (“to crave, ask, implore, demand, summon”), from Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, from Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to demand”). Cognate with Danish kræve (“to demand, require”), Swedish kräva (“to crave, demand”), Icelandic krefja (“to demand”), Norwegian kreve (“to demand”).

inh

(Scots law) A formal application to a court to make a particular order.


kirk

Inherited from Northern Middle English kyrke, from either Old Norse kirkja or Old English cirice.

inh+

When she sang in the kirk, folk have told me that they had a foretaste of the musick of the New Jerusalem, and when she came in by the village of Caulds old men stottered to their doors to look at her.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

But long, long ago an enthusiastic reporter called it a "fairy palace," and the office building on the west side was once a church. Hence, in North British phraseology, to "gang tae the Kirk" meant to be had up on the carpet.

1941 January, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The Scottish Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 3:

(Northern England and Scotland) A church.


mitre

From Middle English mytre, from Old French mitre, from Ancient Greek μίτρα (mítra, “headband, turban”). Its use in reference to a counterfeit coin derived from the bishop's mitre stamped upon it. Doublet of Mithras, Mithra, Mitra, and Mehr.

doublet

(historical, numismatics) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe which circulated in Ireland as a debased counterfeit sterling penny, outlawed under Edward I.


Tory

From Irish tóraí (“pursuer”), from tóir (“pursuit”). The first recorded use in English is from a 1646 letter by James Butler ("Earl of Ormond") to a Colonel O' Brien, describing bandits and thieves on main roadways.

(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party, which evolved from Royalist politicians; historically associated with upholding the rights of the monarchy and the privileges of the established Church.

консерватор

a member or supporter of the Conservative Party (UK, Canada)


Tory

(UK politics) Of or belonging to the Tory Party or the Conservative Party.


superiority

en-noun

superiority (countable and uncountable, plural superiorities)

From Middle English superiorite, from Old French superiorite, from Medieval Latin superioritas, from Latin superior.
Morphologically superior + -ity.

(Scots law, historical) The right which the superior enjoys in the land held by the vassal.


tanner

George II of Great Britain
John Sigismund Tanner
Royal Mint

Named after John Sigismund Tanner (1705–1775), who designed a sixpence for the Royal Mint during the reign of King George II.

[A]s you are so flash of your money, though you say you are poor, you may give me a tanner to buy a little baccy with; […]

1851, George Borrow, chapter III, in Lavengro; the Scholar—the Gypsy—the Priest. […], volume II, London: John Murray […], →OCLC, page 32:

They'd say hello, maybe slip you a tanner.

2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 469:

(British, colloquial) A former British coin worth six old pence.


treat

en-verb

treat (third-person singular simple present treats, present participle treating, simple past and past participle treated or (Northern England, Bristol, colloquial) tret)

treats (present singular third-person)
treating (participle present)
treated (participle past)
treated (past)
tret (Northern-England colloquial participle past)
tret (Northern-England colloquial past)
treat (infinitive)

From Middle English treten, from Anglo-Norman treter, Old French tretier, traiter, from Latin tractāre (“to pull", "to manage”), from the past participle stem of trahere (“to draw", "to pull”).

(UK politics, law) To commit the offence of providing food, drink, entertainment or provision to corruptly influence a voter.


SF

(Ireland, UK politics) Initialism of Sinn Féin; an Irish political party.


BNP

British National Party
w:British National Party

(UK politics) Initialism of British National Party.


BNP

David Cameron kallade BNP:s framgång för ”avskyvärd”.

2009 June 8, “Katastrof för Labour [Disaster for Labour]”, in SVT Nyheter:

David Cameron called the BNP's success "abhorrent".


GC

General Committee
w:Constituency Labour Party

(UK politics) Initialism of General Committee: the general management committee of a constituency party of the British Labour Party.


adduce

adduce (third-person singular simple present adduces, present participle adducing, simple past and past participle adduced)

adduces (present singular third-person)
adducing (participle present)
adduced (participle past)
adduced (past)

From Middle English adducen, from Latin addūcere, adductum (“to lead or bring to”), from ad- + dūcere (“to lead”). See duke, and compare adduct.

(transitive, Scots law) To produce in proof.


adduce

head

adduce (third-person singular simple present adduces, present participle adducin, simple past adduced, past participle adduced)

adduces (present singular third-person)
adducin (participle present)
adduced (past)
adduced (participle past)

Borrowed from Latin adducere, adductum (“to lead or bring to”).

(transitive, Scots law) to adduce (produce in proof)


pantheon

(mythology) All the gods of a particular people or religion, particularly the ancient Greek gods residing on Olympus, considered as a group.


Kingdom Hall

A place where Jehovah's Witnesses meet for fellowship and worship.

Salón del Reino de los Testigos de Jehová


Salão do Reino

pt-noun

Salão do Reino m (plural Salões do Reino)

(Jehovah's Witnesses) Kingdom Hall (place where Jehovah’s Witnesses meet)


faculty

From Middle English faculte (“power, property”), from Old French faculte, from Latin facultas (“capability, ability, skill, abundance, plenty, stock, goods, property; in Medieval Latin also a body of teachers”), another form of facilitas (“easiness, facility, etc.”), from facul, another form of facilis (“easy, facile”); see facile. Doublet of facility.

der

(Church of England) A licence to make alterations to a church.


synagogue

/ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɒɡ/

/ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɑɡ/

From Middle English synagoge, from Old French synagoge, from Latin synagōga, from Ancient Greek σῠνᾰγωγή (sunagōgḗ, “assembly, gathering”), from συνάγω (sunágō, “I gather together”), from σῠ́ν (sún, “with, together”) + ᾰ̓́γω (ágō, “I lead”). By surface analysis, syn- + -agogue.

On Tuesday, Netanyahu and his wife toured Shanghai’s Ohel Moshe synagogue in the Hongkou district that was home to many of the 18,000 Jews granted refuge in Shanghai from the horrors of Nazi persecution.

2013 May 7, “Netanyahu: Jewish people capable of own defense”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-25:

A place of worship for Jews or Samaritans.


synagogue

Le samedi je vais à la synagogue où mes parents ont grandi.

On Saturday I go to the synagogue where my parents grew up.


shul

From Yiddish שול (shul, “school, synagogue”), from Old High German scuola (“school”), from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of schola and school.

That Asher's mind would have also been on Elohim, at this moment receiving prayers in Asher's shul, goes without saying.

2006, Howard Jacobson, Kalooki Nights, Vintage, published 2007, page 146:

Unfortunately, she has used the attack as a launch pad for a bizarre and undercooked exercise in rhetorical bothsidesism, in which she argues that American Jews should be just as worried about college students who overzealously criticize Israel as they are about the aspiring Einsatzgruppen who shoot up shuls.

2019 September 6, Jordan Weissman, “How Not to Fight Anti-Semitism”, in Slate:

The other reason he has upped his synagogue attendance is more positive. “My life has been about introducing everyone to everyone and going to shul can be like one big party.

2023 July 27, Nicole Lampert, quoting Philip Sallon, “Meet the colourful shul regular who admits: ‘I’m quite an extreme person’”, in The Jewish Chronicle:


missive

15th century; from Medieval Latin missīvus, from mittō (“to send”).

(in the plural, Scots law) Letters sent between two parties in which one makes an offer and the other accepts it.


Battle of Britain

(historical) A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.

Slag om Brittanje

series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe during World War II


cloister

en-verb

cloister (third-person singular simple present cloisters, present participle cloistering, simple past and past participle cloistered)

cloisters (present singular third-person)
cloistering (participle present)
cloistered (participle past)
cloistered (past)

Recorded since about 1300 as Middle English cloistre, borrowed from Old French cloistre, clostre, or via Old English clauster, both from Medieval Latin claustrum (“portion of monastery closed off to laity”), from Latin claustrum (“place shut in, bar, bolt, enclosure”), a derivation of the past participle of claudere (“to close”). Doublet of claustrum.

der

(intransitive) To become a Roman Catholic religious.


SDP

We believed that the Trots represented a mad, extreme form of Labour that was never going to do anything for anybody, yet we felt strongly that nothing would be achieved by jumping ship and defecting to the SDP.

2008, Cherie Blair, Speaking for Myself: My Life from Liverpool to Downing Street:

Social Democratic Party
w:Social Democratic Party (UK)

(UK politics, historical, 1981–1988) Initialism of Social Democratic Party, a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.


priory

A monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress.


cattedrale

From Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathēdrālis, from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).


duomo

Inherited as a shortening of Latin domus ecclēsiae (“meeting-house, house of the assembly”, a calque of Ancient Greek οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας (oîkos tês ekklēsías), designating a private house placed at the disposal of the Christian community) and later domus Dominī (“house of our Lord”) or Deī (“of God”); from Proto-Italic *domos, from Proto-Indo-European *dṓm, derived from the root *dem- (“to build”).

οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας

inh

a calque of Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας</i> (oîkos tês ekklēsías), designating a private house placed at the disposal of the Christian community


Sinn Féin

From Irish Sinn Féin (literally “we ourselves”) from sinn (“we, us”) + féin (“-self, -selves”).

compound

Ireland’s largest party, Fianna Fáil, has said it will not consider going into government with Sinn Féin, a decision likely to prevent the leftwing nationalists from entering power for the first time.

2020 February 13, “Ireland: Fianna Fáil rules out coalition with Sinn Féin”, in The Guardian, sourced from Reuters, →ISSN:

(Irish politics) An Irish political party committed to the reunification of Ireland.


Sinn Féin

Shinn Féin (genitive)
Sinn Féin (mutation mutation-radical)
Shinn Féin (lenition mutation)
tSinn Féin (lenition mutation)

/ʃɪnʲ fʲeːnʲ/


Taoiseach

en-noun

Taoiseach (plural Taoiseachs or Taoisigh)

Borrowed from Irish Taoiseach (“chieftain, leader; prime minister of Ireland”).
The plural form Taoisigh is borrowed from Irish Taoisigh.

bor

Article 28. […] 5. 1º The head of the Government, or Prime Minister, shall be called, and is in this Constitution referred to as, the Taoiseach. 2º The Taoiseach shall keep the President generally informed on matters of domestic and international policy.

1937 July 1 (date ratified), “The Government”, in The Constitution of Erin, Ireland, San Francisco, Calif.: Russell Quinn, published [1938?], →OCLC, page 22:

To cope with the situation created at home by the war so close at hand, an Taoiseach (Prime Minister [Éamon] de Valera) rearranged his cabinet and formed a Ministry of Supplies under one of his ablest men.

1940 December 7, Arthur W. Bromage, Mary C. Bromage, “Ireland—What Now?”, in The Michigan Alumnus: Quarterly Review: A Journal of University Perspectives, volume XLVII, number 10, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Alumni Association of the University of Michigan, →OCLC, page 208:

The only leader of the 1916 Easter rebellion to escape hanging, [Éamon d]e Valera lost the civil war, then won elections that made him taoiseach (prime minister) for 19 years.

1954 May 31, “The Taoiseach Falls: De Valera Nears the End of Long Political Trail”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 36, number 22, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29, column 1:

The Constitution of Ireland, art. 13, requires that the President of Ireland, the formal head of state, appoints the Taoiseach (Prime Minister) on the nomination of the Dáil Eireann (a popular elected legislative Chamber of Deputies). Ther same provision also requires that the President appoints the other members of the government on the nomination of the Taoiseach with the previous approval of the Dáil.

1983 October, Law Library, Library of Congress, “Time Span between Election or Selection of an Official and the Subsequent Taking of Office in Various Foreign Countries [Ireland]”, in Commencement of Terms of Office of the President and Members of Congress: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session on S.J. Res. 71: A Joint Resolution Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Relative to the Commencement of the Terms of Office of the President, Vice President, and Members of Congress […] (Serial No. J-98-113), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published 24 April 1984, →OCLC, page 42:

So what if they didn't have their Christmas Eve drinks party with the two Taoiseachs? They would have the satisfaction of knowing they could have.

1993, Mary Breasted, chapter 12, in Why Should You Doubt Me Now?, New York, N.Y.: Farrar Straus Giroux, →ISBN, page 50:

Although Taoisigh insist that choices are based on merit and capacity, they show a remarkable tendency to surround themselves with loyalists.

1994, Brian Farrell, “The Political Role of Cabinet Ministers in Ireland”, in Michael Laver, Kenneth A. Shepsle, editors, Cabinet Ministers and Parliamentary Government (The Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 81:

Despite the attacks, 'the boss', as [Charles] Haughey was to become known, was elected taoiseach by 82 votes to 62. However, he was a taoiseach with strong opposition from within his own party.

2003, Dermot Keogh, “Ireland, 1972–84”, in J[acqueline] R. Hill, editor, A New History of Ireland, volumes VII (Ireland 1921–84), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 379:

Under normal circumstances, when a Taoiseach 'advises' the President to dissolve the Dáil and thereby bring about a general election, the President is bound to accede to this. However, the President, in the words of Article 13.2.2 [of the Constitution of Ireland], 'may in his absolute discretion refuse to dissolve Dáil Éireann on the advice of a Taoiseach who has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann'.

2010, Michael Gallagher, “The Oireachtas: President and Parliament”, in John Coakley, Michael Gallagher, editors, Politics in the Republic of Ireland, 5th edition, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge in association with PSAI Press, →ISBN, part II (Representative Democracy at Work), page 200:

For three centuries, the fabled Round Room in Dublin's Mansion House has been the site of some of Ireland's most important gatherings. British monarchs and Irish taoiseachs, a Catholic pope and a Protestant terrorist, all have walked its halls.

2010, David J. Lynch, “Money is Just Evidence”, in When the Luck of the Irish Ran Out: The World’s Most Resilient Country and Its Struggle to Rise Again, New York, N.Y., Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 175:

He [Charles Haughey] was determined to seize the initiative, to paint a picture of a taoiseach forging ahead with a bold new strategy in relation to Northern Ireland – a leader, driven by an inner crusade to transform the landscape of Anglo-Irish relations.

2016, Stephen Kelly, “The Haughey—Thatcher Relationship: The Anglo-Irish Summit Meeting, May 1980”, in ‘A Failed Political Entity’: Charles Haughey and the Northern Ireland Question 1945–1992, Newbridge, County Kildare, Ireland: Merrion Press, →ISBN, page 149:

Everyone in the UK and Ireland should be afraid of a no-deal Brexit, the Irish taoiseach said, after he was accused of engaging in “Project Fear mark two”.

2019 August 1, Kevin Rawlinson, “Leo Varadkar: ‘We should all be afraid of a no-deal Brexit’”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-26:

Well, I was there from 1973 to 1993, working directly with five different taoisigh, at different times, of course, as secretary to the government, or Cabinet Secretary in Robert [Armstrong]'s terms—from Sunningdale to the Downing Street Declaration.

2020, John Coakley, Jennifer Todd, quoting Dermot Nally, “The Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985”, in Negotiating a Settlement in Northern Ireland, 1969–2019, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 173:

Commonwealth of Nations
Commonwealth of Nations

(Irish politics) The head of the government of Ireland, comparable to a prime minister of a Commonwealth of Nations country.


basilica

en-noun

basilica (plural basilicas or basilicae)

Borrowed from Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (basilikḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (basilikḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”). Doublet of basoche.

A Roman Catholic church or cathedral with basilican status, an honorific status granted by the pope to recognize its historical, architectural, or sacramental importance.


basilica

nl-noun

basilica f (plural basilica's, diminutive basilicaatje n)

basilica's (plural)
basilicaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βασιλική (basilikḗ).


basilica

Probably a borrowing from (Medieval) Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βασιλική (basilikḗ).


betws

betysau (plural)
betws (mutation mutation-radical)
fetws (mutation mutation-soft)
metws (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh betws, borrowed from Old English bedhūs (“house of prayer”, literally “bede-house”).


eglwys

eglwysi (plural)
eglwysydd (plural)
eglwys (mutation mutation-radical)
heglwys (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *egluɨs (compare Cornish eglos, Breton iliz), borrowed from Latin ecclēsia (“church”), from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησίᾱ (ekklēsíā).


llan

llannau (plural)
llan (mutation mutation-radical)
lan (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh llann, from Proto-Brythonic *llann, from Proto-Celtic *landā, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).


cathedral

Ellipsis of cathedral church, from Middle English chirche cathederall, cathedrall chirch, calque of Late Latin ecclēsia cathedrālis (“church serving as the bishop's or archbishop's office”), from Latin ecclēsia + cathedrālis. Displaced Old English hēafodċiriċe (literally “main church, head church”).

ncog

The principal church serving as the office (and some as place of residence) of an archdiocese's/a diocese's archbishop/bishop which is symbolized by an episcopal throne known as the cathedra.

katedraal

church serving as the office of the diocese's bishop and archdiocese's archbishop


fara

csb-noun

fara f (related adjective (obsolete) farny)


fara

farny (adjective)
fara (nominative singular)
fary (nominative plural)
fary (genitive singular)
far (genitive plural)
farze (dative singular)
farom (dative plural)
farę (accusative singular)
fary (accusative plural)
farą (instrumental singular)
farami (instrumental plural)
farze (locative singular)
farach (locative plural)
faro (singular vocative)
fary (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: fara

→ Slovincian: fara

Borrowed from German Pfarre. First attested in 1553. Compare Silesian fara.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “fara”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(obsolete, education) parochial school (school associated with the parish of a church)


abbazia

From Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia, derived from Latin abbās (“abbot”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”). Compare Sicilian batìa.


Mebyon Kernow

From Cornish, meaning "Sons of Cornwall".

A left-of-centre political party that campaigns for greater self-government for Cornwall.


chapel

→ Japanese: チャペル (chaperu)

→ Korean: 채플 (chaepeul)

From Middle English chapele, chapel, from Old French chapele, from Late Latin cappella (“little cloak; chapel”), diminutive of cappa (“cloak, cape”). Doublet of capelle.
(printing office): Said to be because printing was first carried on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.

der

(especially Christianity) A place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.

One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter III, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

A place of worship in another building or within a civil institution such as a larger church, airport, prison, monastery, school, etc.; often primarily for private prayer.

A funeral home, or a room in one for holding funeral services.


chapel

The village butcher is chapel.

(Wales) Describing a person who attends a nonconformist chapel.


chapel

en-verb

chapel (third-person singular simple present chapels, present participle chapelling, simple past and past participle chapelled)

chapels (present singular third-person)
chapelling (participle present)
chapelled (participle past)
chapelled (past)

(nautical, transitive) To cause (a ship taken aback in a light breeze) to turn or make a circuit so as to recover, without bracing the yards, the same tack on which she had been sailing.


pagoda

From Portuguese pagode, which is via Malayalam പകോതി (pakōti) from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, name of a goddess).

der

On the journey southwards over the flat, fertile plains, paddy fields stretched away on each side of the line, and the landscape was broken only by wooden villages and stately pagodas.

1943 November and December, G. T. Porter, “The Lines Behind the Lines in Burma”, in Railway Magazine, page 325:

A religious building in South and Southeast Asia, especially a multi-storey tower erected as a Hindu or Buddhist temple.

[T]he Mahrattas having offered Alimerdy Khan his liberty for a lak of Pagodas; he does in the Nabob's name desire that the Governor of Madras would receive jewels and money to that amount into his custody, […]

1693 January 2 (date written; Gregorian calendar), J. Talboys Wheeler, compiler, “Governorship of Mr. Nathaniel Higginson. 1692–1698.”, in Madras in the Olden Time: Being a History of the Presidency from the First Foundation of the Governorship of Thomas Pitt, Grandfather of the Earl of Chatham. 1639–1702. […], Madras: […] J. Higginbotham, […], by Graves and Co., Scottish Press, published 1861, →OCLC, page 262:

I, in about two hours, notwithstanding the utmost caution, found myself minus upwards of six hundred pagodas […] .

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 240

(now historical) A unit of currency, a coin made of gold or half gold, issued by various dynasties in medieval southern India.


pagoda

pagoda (nominative singular)
pagody (nominative plural)
pagody (genitive singular)
pagod (genitive plural)
pagodě (dative singular)
pagodám (dative plural)
pagodu (accusative singular)
pagody (accusative plural)
pagodo (singular vocative)
pagody (plural vocative)
pagodě (locative singular)
pagodách (locative plural)
pagodou (instrumental singular)
pagodami (instrumental plural)


pagoda

pagodák (plural)
pagoda (nominative singular)
pagodák (nominative plural)
pagodát (accusative singular)
pagodákat (accusative plural)
pagodának (dative singular)
pagodáknak (dative plural)
pagodával (instrumental singular)
pagodákkal (instrumental plural)
pagodáért (causal-final singular)
pagodákért (causal-final plural)
pagodává (singular translative)
pagodákká (plural translative)
pagodáig (singular terminative)
pagodákig (plural terminative)
pagodaként (essive-formal singular)
pagodákként (essive-formal plural)
pagodában (inessive singular)
pagodákban (inessive plural)
pagodán (singular superessive)
pagodákon (plural superessive)
pagodánál (adessive singular)
pagodáknál (adessive plural)
pagodába (illative singular)
pagodákba (illative plural)
pagodára (singular sublative)
pagodákra (plural sublative)
pagodához (allative singular)
pagodákhoz (allative plural)
pagodából (elative singular)
pagodákból (elative plural)
pagodáról (delative singular)
pagodákról (delative plural)
pagodától (ablative singular)
pagodáktól (ablative plural)
pagodáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
pagodáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
pagodáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
pagodákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
pagodám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
pagodáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
pagodád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
pagodáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
pagodája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
pagodái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
pagodánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
pagodáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
pagodátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
pagodáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
pagodájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
pagodáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


pagoda

From Portuguese pagode, which is via Tamil from Sanskrit भगवती (Bhagavatī, name of a goddess) or भागवत (Bhāgavata, “follower of Bhagavatī”).


pagoda

pagoda (nominative singular)
pagodas (nominative plural)
pagodu (accusative singular)
pagodas (accusative plural)
pagodas (genitive singular)
pagodu (genitive plural)
pagodai (dative singular)
pagodām (dative plural)
pagodu (instrumental singular)
pagodām (instrumental plural)
pagodā (locative singular)
pagodās (locative plural)
pagoda (singular vocative)
pagodas (plural vocative)


pagoda

pagodos (plural)
pagoda (nominative singular)
pagodos (nominative plural)
pagodos (genitive singular)
pagodų (genitive plural)
pagodai (dative singular)
pagodoms (dative plural)
pagodą (accusative singular)
pagodas (accusative plural)
pagoda (instrumental singular)
pagodomis (instrumental plural)
pagodoje (locative singular)
pagodose (locative plural)
pagoda (singular vocative)
pagodos (plural vocative)


pagoda

pagodowy (adjective)
pagoda (nominative singular)
pagody (nominative plural)
pagody (genitive singular)
pagod (genitive plural)
pagodzie (dative singular)
pagodom (dative plural)
pagodę (accusative singular)
pagody (accusative plural)
pagodą (instrumental singular)
pagodami (instrumental plural)
pagodzie (locative singular)
pagodach (locative plural)
pagodo (singular vocative)
pagody (plural vocative)


pagoda

pàgoda (canonical feminine)
па̀года (Cyrillic)
pagoda (nominative singular)
pagode (nominative plural)
pagode (genitive singular)
pagoda (genitive plural)
pagodi (dative singular)
pagodama (dative plural)
pagodu (accusative singular)
pagode (accusative plural)
pagodo (singular vocative)
pagode (plural vocative)
pagodi (locative singular)
pagodama (locative plural)
pagodom (instrumental singular)
pagodama (instrumental plural)


stupa

From Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa). Doublet of tope.

He mounded so much honey on the top of the buns that they looked like miniature stupas.

(Buddhism) A dome-shaped Buddhist monument, used to house relics of the Lord Buddha.


stupa

stupa (nominative singular)
stupy (nominative plural)
stupy (genitive singular)
stup (genitive plural)
stupie (dative singular)
stupom (dative plural)
stupę (accusative singular)
stupy (accusative plural)
stupą (instrumental singular)
stupami (instrumental plural)
stupie (locative singular)
stupach (locative plural)
stupo (singular vocative)
stupy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa).

lbor

(Buddhism) stupa (dome-shaped Buddhist monument, used to house relics of the Lord Buddha)


parish church

From Middle English parische chirche; equivalent to parish + church.

A church that serves as the religious centre of a parish; the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches.


production

en-noun

production (countable and uncountable, plural productions)

→ Japanese: プロダクション (purodakushon)

/pɹəˈdʌkʃən/

From Middle English produccioun, from Old French production, from Latin prōductiō, prōductiōnem (“a lengthening, prolonging”). See produce.

der

(Scots law, in the plural) Written documents produced in support of the action or defence.


outer

inner

antonym(s) of “one who supports leaving the EU”

The 51.4 per cent to 48.6 per cent victory of the "outers" broke the back of the Labour government.

2013 January 25, Jon Cruddas, “Au Revoir, Europe: What If Britain Left the EU? by David Charter”, in The Independent:

2015 May 7, Guy Faulconbridge, “Britain's EU "outers" see opportunity in wake of Greece's "No"”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2015-12-22:

Meanwhile, outers are disporting themselves on TV in luminous green ties, hand-woven by first years at the Dronefield Academy for the Sartorially Challenged.

2016 February 16, Robert Shrimsley, “Gimme a Brexit break”, in Financial Times:

(UK politics) One who supports leaving the European Union.


succession

en-noun

succession (countable and uncountable, plural successions)

Inherited from Middle English [Term?], from Old French succession, from Latin successiō (noun).

An act, process, or instance of succeeding:

(historical) In Roman and Scots law, the taking of property by one person in place of another.


Ulster Cycle

A large body of prose and verse centering around the traditional heroes of Ulaid and the reign of Conchobar mac Nessa. One of the four major cycles of Irish Mythology.


Gae Bulg

The spear of Cúchulainn, given to him by Aife.


Aífe

(Irish mythology) Cú Chulainn's lover and a female warrior from Alba


Black and Tan

A member of the RIC British paramilitary force, operating against Irish republicans in the War of Independence 1920/21.

Dúchrónach

member of the RIC British irregular army group


CP

CP (countable and uncountable, plural CPs)

(UK politics, since 2019) Initialism of command paper.


hat trick

From hat + trick (“element of a magician’s or variety entertainer’s act; entertaining and difficult physical action”, noun). Sense 2 (“achievement of a bowler taking three wickets in three consecutive balls”)—the original sporting sense—refers to the commemorative hat formerly given as a prize to the bowler by his club.

هاتريك

three achievements in a single game, competition, season, etc.

שלושער m (shloshá'ar, literally “three-gate or goal”)

གསུམ་སྦྲགས (gsum sbrags, literally “pack-of-three”)

Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament

(UK politics, historical, rare) A means of securing a seat in the House of Commons by a Member of Parliament placing their hat upon it during an absence.


Arthur

From the name of the legendary king, from Middle English Arthure, from Medieval Latin Arthurus, probably from Middle Welsh arth (“bear”).
Other suggestions include Old Welsh arth (“bear”) and ur (“man”), or a Latinized (Romano-British) name; compare Latin Artorius, itself possibly of Etruscan origin, or more likely Messapic-Illyrian related to Proto-Albanian *artsa (“bear”).

A number of places in the United States:

A village in Douglas County and Moultrie County, Illinois.

Wellington North
Wellington North#English

Wellington County
Wellington County#English

A community of Wellington North township, Wellington County, Ontario, Canada, named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.


Arthur

Arabic: آرثر

Japanese: アルテュール (Arutyūru)

Equivalent to English Arthur, used in France since the Middle Ages.


resignation

en-noun

resignation (countable and uncountable, plural resignations)

/ˌɹɛz.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

/ˌɹez.ɪɡˈnæɪ.ʃən/

From Middle English resignacion, resignacioun, from Old French resignation, from Medieval Latin resignātiōnem, accusative of resignātio. Equivalent to resign + -ation.

(Scots law, historical) The form by which a vassal returns the feu into the hands of a superior.


Buarainech

(Irish mythology) The father of Balor, the King of the Fomorians.


Cethlenn

(Irish mythology) The wife of Balor of the Fomorians, and, by Balor, the mother of Ethniu; also a prophetess.


Balor

(Irish mythology) A king of the Fomorians, supposed to have lived on Tory Island. Son of Buarainech. Husband of Cethlenn. Father of Ethniu.


Ethniu

(Irish mythology) The daughter of the Fomorian king Balor, wife of Cian and the mother of Lugh and Delbáeth, and the grandmother of Cúchulainn and Fionn mac Cumhaill.


Ethniu

Irish: Eithne

→ Old Norse: Eðna

Icelandic: Eðna

Scottish Gaelic: Eithne

Finn mac Cumail
Finn mac Cumail#Old_Irish

(Irish mythology) The daughter of the Fomorian king Balor, wife of Cían and the mother of Lug and Delbáeth, and the grandmother of Cú Chulainn and Finn mac Cumail.


Manannán mac Lir

Borrowed from Irish Manannán mac Lir, from Old Irish Manandán mac Lir.


inner

outer

antonym(s) of “One who supports remaining in the EU”

From Middle English inner, ynner, ynnere, from Old English innera, comparative of inne (“within”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en.

(UK politics) One who supports remaining in the European Union.


oratory

From Middle English oratorie, from Anglo-Norman oratorie, Middle French oratoire, and their source, Late Latin ōrātōrium. Doublet of oratorio.

/ˈɒɹət(ə)ɹi/

By public oratories are meant those attached to monasteries, convents, seminaries, etc., having a public entrance by which the faithful have access to them.

1876, Michael Comerford, The Book of Holy Indulgences […] , page 29:

A Roman Catholic chapel; a building for public or private worship that is not a parish church.


interlocutor

From French interlocutoire, from Latin interlocūtōrium.

A decree of the English Court of Chancery is not entitled to more respect in Scotland than a decree (interlocutor) of the Scottish Court of Session in England.

1869, “The Judicial System of Scotland”, in The American Law Register (1852-1891), volume 17, number 5, page 257:


oracle

From Middle English oracle, from Old French oracle m, from Latin ōrāculum n.

The oracles are dumb; / No voice or hideous hum / Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving.

1629, John Milton, “On the Morning of Christs Nativity”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:

A shrine dedicated to some prophetic deity.

A person such as a priest through whom the deity is supposed to respond with prophecy or advice.

оракул

priest through whom deity provides prophecy or advice

And the oracle he prepared in the house within, to set there the ark of the covenant of the Lord.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 6:19:

Siloa's brook, that flow'd / Fast by the oracle of God.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(Jewish antiquity) The sanctuary, or most holy place in the temple; also, the temple itself.


oracle

fro-noun

oracle oblique singular, m (oblique plural oracles, nominative singular oracles, nominative plural oracle)

oracle oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
oracles (oblique plural)
oracles (nominative singular)
oracle (nominative plural)

Middle French: oracle m

French: oracle m

desctree

→ Middle English: oracle
English: oracle
Scots: oracle

(Cir. 12th c.) Derived from Latin oraculum n.


convent

From Middle English convent, variant of covent, from Old French covent, from Latin conventus, perfect participle of the verb convenio (whence ultimately convene), see con- + venio. Doublet of coven.

A religious community whose members live under strict observation of religious rules and self-imposed vows.

One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground more agreeable than ordinary that is not covered with a convent.

1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

The buildings and pertaining surroundings in which such a community lives.

(now especially) Synonym of nunnery, a female religious community and its residence.

nunnery

A gathering of people lasting several days for the purpose of discussing or working on topics previously selected.


gurdwara

From Punjabi ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ (gurduārā), ਗੁਰਦਵਾਰਾ (gurdavārā).


gurdwara

Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ (gurduārā).


Athirne

(Irish mythology) Athairne the Importunate, a poet and a satirist of the court of Conchobar mac Nessa in the Ulster Cycle and foster-father of Amairgin mac Echit.


Findchoem

Conall the Victorious
Conall the Victorious

(Irish mythology) Princess of Ulster. Wife of Amairgin mac Echit and sister of Conchobar mac Nessa. Mother of Conall the Victorious.


Achall

(Irish mythology) In the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology, the daughter of Cairbre Nia Fer; committed suicide after her brother Erc was killed by Conall Cernach.


Fedelm Noíchrothach

The daughter of Conchobar mac Nessa who married Cairbre Nia Fer but was unfaithful to him. Cousin of Conall the Victorious. Mother of Erc and Achall.


Briccriu

(Irish mythology) In the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology: a warrior, poet, and troublemaker who once held a lavish feast for Conchobar mac Nessa and the heroes of Ulster in his house at Dún Rudraige.


Finnbhennach

(Irish mythology) In the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology, an extremely fertile stud bull owned by king Ailill mac Máta. He was originally one of Bodb Dearg's pig-keepers, who fell out with one of his colleagues.


Cimbáeth

(Irish mythology) One of the three High Kings of Ireland, who ruled in rotation with Áed Ruad and Díthorba, each ruling seven years in turn and ruling for three seven year period. He died of plague at Emain Macha.


Áed Ruad

(Irish mythology) The High King of Ireland who ruled in rotation with his cousins Díthorba and Cimbáeth, each ruling for seven years in turn.


Díthorba

(Irish mythology) One of the three High Kings of Ireland, who ruled in rotation with Áed Ruad and Cimbáeth, each ruling seven years in turn and for three seven-year periods.