last

From Middle English laste, latst, syncopated variant of latest.

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last

“Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.

Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.

rear, rearmost, caboose, dernier, final, terminal, ultimate, lattermost;


last

From Old English lǣste, Proto-Germanic *laistiz. Compare Swedish läst, German Leisten Dutch leest, Proto-Germanic *laistaz (“footprint”).

2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.

A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.


bot

nl-adj

bot (comparative botter, superlative botst)

botter (comparative)
botst (superlative)
bot (adverbial positive predicative)
botter (adverbial comparative predicative)
het botst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het botste (adverbial predicative superlative)
botte (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
bottere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
botste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
bot (indefinite neuter positive singular)
botter (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
botste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
botte (indefinite plural positive)
bottere (comparative indefinite plural)
botste (indefinite plural superlative)
botte (definite positive)
bottere (comparative definite)
botste (definite superlative)
bots (partitive positive)
botters (comparative partitive)

Berbice Creole Dutch: dofu

→ Papiamentu: bòt

From Middle Dutch bot, but, butte, related to Middle Low German but (“dull, plump, coarse”), West Frisian bot (“blunt”). Perhaps ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“end, butt”).

cog

De schaar is te bot om het papier goed te knippen.

The scissors are too blunt to cut the paper properly.


bot

botek (diminutive)
bot (nominative singular)
boty (nominative plural)
bota (genitive singular)
botów (genitive plural)
botowi (dative singular)
botom (dative plural)
bot (accusative singular)
boty (accusative plural)
botem (instrumental singular)
botami (instrumental plural)
bocie (locative singular)
botach (locative plural)
bocie (singular vocative)
boty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Czech bot, from French botte.


but

pl-noun

but m inan or m animal (diminutive bucik or butek, augmentative bucior or bucisko)

but m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
bucik (diminutive)
butek (diminutive)
bucior (augmentative)
bucisko (augmentative)
but (nominative singular)
buty (nominative plural)
buta (genitive singular)
butów (genitive plural)
butowi (dative singular)
butom (dative plural)
but (accusative singular)
buta (accusative singular)
buty (accusative plural)
butem (instrumental singular)
butami (instrumental plural)
bucie (locative singular)
butach (locative plural)
bucie (singular vocative)
buty (plural vocative)

From earlier bót, from Old Czech bot. The change from bót to but was probably influenced by obuty (“shod”).

(Chełmno-Dobrzyń, unit of measure) Synonym of stopa


but

buts (nominative plural)
but (nominative singular)
buts (nominative plural)
buta (genitive singular)
butas (genitive plural)
bute (dative singular)
butes (dative plural)
buti (accusative singular)
butis (accusative plural)
o but! (singular vocative)
o buts! (plural vocative)
butu (predicative singular)
butus (plural predicative)


king

kinga (genitive)
kinga (partitive)
king (nominative singular)
kingad (nominative plural)
king (accusative nominative singular)
kingad (accusative nominative plural)
kinga (accusative genitive singular)
kingad (accusative genitive plural)
kinga (genitive singular)
kingade (genitive plural)
kinga (partitive singular)
kingi (partitive plural)
kingasid (partitive plural)
kinga (illative singular)
kingasse (illative singular)
kingadesse (illative plural)
kingisse (illative plural)
kingas (inessive singular)
kingades (inessive plural)
kingis (inessive plural)
kingast (elative singular)
kingadest (elative plural)
kingist (elative plural)
kingale (allative singular)
kingadele (allative plural)
kingile (allative plural)
kingal (adessive singular)
kingadel (adessive plural)
kingil (adessive plural)
kingalt (ablative singular)
kingadelt (ablative plural)
kingilt (ablative plural)
kingaks (singular translative)
kingadeks (plural translative)
kingiks (plural translative)
kingani (singular terminative)
kingadeni (plural terminative)
kingana (essive singular)
kingadena (essive plural)
kingata (abessive singular)
kingadeta (abessive plural)
kingaga (comitative singular)
kingadega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kenkä. Cognate with Finnish kenkä.


as

Cas as an raidió.

Chuir mé an solas as.

off (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a machine, light, etc.)

Tá an tine as.

out (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a fire, etc.)


heel

en-verb

heel (third-person singular simple present heels, present participle heeling, simple past and past participle heeled)

heels (present singular third-person)
heeling (participle present)
heeled (participle past)
heeled (past)

From Middle English hele, from Old English hēla, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄hilō, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel, hock”), equivalent to hock + -le. More at hock.
Compare North Frisian haiel, West Frisian hyl, Dutch hiel, German Low German Hiel, Danish and Norwegian hæl, Swedish häl.

She called to her dog to heel.

To follow at somebody's heels; to chase closely.

To cause to follow at somebody’s heels (transitive).

I cannot sing,
 Nor heel the high lavolt.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], lines 85-86:

(transitive) To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, etc.


tak

tȁk (canonical masculine)
та̏к (Cyrillic)
tȁk (nominative singular)
tàkovi (nominative plural)
tȁci (nominative plural)
taka (genitive singular)
tȁkā (genitive plural)
taku (dative singular)
takovima (dative plural)
tak (accusative singular)
takove (accusative plural)
tače (singular vocative)
takovi (plural vocative)
taci (plural vocative)
taku (locative singular)
takovima (locative plural)
takom (instrumental singular)
takovima (instrumental plural)


кошка

ru-noun+

ко́шка • (kóška) f anim or f inan (genitive ко́шки, nominative plural ко́шки, genitive plural ко́шек, relational adjective коша́чий, diminutive ко́шечка)

ко́шка (canonical)
kóška (romanization)
ко́шки (genitive)
ко́шки (nominative plural)
ко́шек (genitive plural)
коша́чий (adjective relational)
ко́шечка (diminutive)
ко́шка (nominative singular)
ко́шки (nominative plural)
ко́шки (genitive singular)
ко́шек (genitive plural)
ко́шке (dative singular)
ко́шкам (dative plural)
ко́шку (accusative animate singular)
ко́шек (accusative animate plural)
ко́шку (accusative inanimate singular)
ко́шки (accusative inanimate plural)
ко́шкой (instrumental singular)
ко́шкою (instrumental singular)
ко́шками (instrumental plural)
ко́шке (prepositional singular)
ко́шках (plural prepositional)
ко́шка (dated nominative singular)
ко́шки (dated nominative plural)
ко́шки (dated genitive singular)
ко́шекъ (dated genitive plural)
ко́шкѣ (dated dative singular)
ко́шкамъ (dated dative plural)
ко́шку (accusative animate dated singular)
ко́шекъ (accusative animate dated plural)
ко́шку (accusative dated inanimate singular)
ко́шки (accusative dated inanimate plural)
ко́шкой (dated instrumental singular)
ко́шкою (dated instrumental singular)
ко́шками (dated instrumental plural)
ко́шкѣ (dated prepositional singular)
ко́шкахъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Buryat: хөөшхэ (xööšxe)

desc

→ Ket: коска

→ Ket: коска

→ Khamnigan Mongol: киискэ (kiiske)

→ Kildin Sami: куэшшьк (kuešš’k) (Ārʹsjogk)

→ Ter Sami: кыэшшькэ (kïeššʼke)

→ Yakut: куоска (kuoska)

Inherited from Middle Russian ко́шка (kóška), from Old East Slavic ко́шька (kóšĭka), from unattested *ко́чька (*kóčĭka), from Proto-Slavic *kòťьka, from *kòťь, from *kòtъ. Cognate with Old Ruthenian ко́шка (kóška), Ukrainian кі́шка (kíška).

inh+

(climbing, in the plural, inanimate) crampons, climbing irons, climbing grapplers


spat

en-noun

spat (countable and uncountable, plural spats)

As spat-fall often occurs in areas away from environments suitable for oyster growing, the collection, transport and sale of oyster spat has developed into a separate industry.

2005, TVR Pillay, MN Kutty, Aquaculture: Principles and practices, page 525:

But Orata’s oysters were, like the dormice and fish, collected in the wild, as spat.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 243:

The spawn of shellfish, especially oysters and similar molluscs.

Conditions in pearl oyster hatcheries are optimized for growth and survival of spat.

If the spat are allowed to remain attached to the tank bottom for more than two days, they are difficult to remove without damage to the shell.

1988, Bivalve Mollusc Culture Research in Thailand, page 28:

A juvenile shellfish which has attached to a hard surface.


spat

en-verb

spat (third-person singular simple present spats, present participle spatting, simple past and past participle spatted)

spats (present singular third-person)
spatting (participle present)
spatted (participle past)
spatted (past)

(transitive, intransitive) To spawn, used of shellfish as above.


spat

1804. American English, probably imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

get into a trivial spat over punctuality

have a vicious spat with the cousins

2017 January 14, “Some Thais worry that a lasting power struggle is brewing. Others see a minor spat over language, which will quickly be forgotten.”, in The Economist:

The downside of this cost-saving strategy was that the train service could only be covered by goodwill. Whenever there was a spat between ASLEF and management - regardless of cause - the withdrawal of this goodwill became a stick with which unions could beat management.

2022 November 16, Graham Eccles, “The Rest Day Working saga...”, in RAIL, number 970, page 32:


spat

imitative

(originally US, intransitive) To quarrel or argue briefly.


boot

Solombala English: бучь (bučʹ)

→ Russian: бутса (butsa)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́це

Latin script: búce

→ Swahili: buti

From Middle English boote, bote (“shoe”), from Old French bote (“a high, thick shoe”). Of obscure origin, but probably related to Old French bot (“club-foot”), bot (“fat, short, blunt”), from Old Frankish *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz, *butaz (“cut off, short, numb, blunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewt-, *bʰewd- (“to strike, push, shock”); if so, a doublet of butt. Compare Old Norse butt (“stump”), Low German butt (“blunt, plump”), Old English bytt (“small piece of land”), buttuc (“end”). More at buttock and debut.

cog

couldn't pour water out of a boot with the instructions on the heel

(footwear) A heavy shoe that covers part of the leg.

(sports) A kind of sports shoe worn by players of certain games such as cricket and football.

Dr. Jayakar was not only one of them but was at places the prime mover in the historic decisions taken by a nation struggling to get free of the British boot.

Never in its long history, and one rich with brutal inequities too, had Paris known the disgrace of seeing one section of its community prosper under the boot of an invader

1989, Gilles Perrault, Pierre Azema, Paris Under the Occupation:

Chronic unrest in Ireland, long under the British boot, was about to culminate in a popular rising.

2013 October 8, Stanley Weintraub, Young Mr. Roosevelt: FDR's Introduction to War, Politics, and Life, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

(figurative, with definite article) Oppression, an oppressor.


boot

en-verb

boot (third-person singular simple present boots, present participle booting, simple past and past participle booted)

boots (present singular third-person)
booting (participle present)
booted (participle past)
booted (past)

When arriving at the office, the first thing I do is boot my machine.

(computing) To bootstrap; to start a system, e.g. a computer, by invoking its boot process or bootstrap.


boot

From bootleg (“to make or sell illegally”), by shortening.

I am looking to trade Iron Maiden boots. I have many Iron Maiden bootlegs. I have lots of Metallica. I trade CDR's, tapes and videos.

1999, Tom Fletcher, “Looking for Iron Maiden boot traders”, in alt.music.bootlegs (Usenet):


tongue

en-noun

tongue (countable and uncountable, plural tongues)

Australian Kriol: tang

Bislama: tang

Sranan Tongo: tongo

Tok Pisin: tang

Torres Strait Creole: tang

From Middle English tonge, tunge, tung, from Old English tunge, from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ (“tongue”) (compare West Frisian tonge, Dutch tong, Luxembourgish Zong, German Zunge, Yiddish צונג (tsung), Danish tunge, Norwegian Bokmål tunge, Swedish tunga, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. Cognate with Old Irish tengae, Latin lingua, Tocharian A käntu, Tocharian B kantwo, Lithuanian liežùvis, Russian язык (jazyk), Polish język, Old Armenian լեզու (lezu), Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā), Persian زبان (zabân), Ashkun žū, Kamkata-viri dić, Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā́). Doublet of language and lingua.

puhe

uncountable: discourse, fluency of speech

(colloquial)

He was speaking in his native tongue.

[…] that great Towre, which is so much renownd
For tongues confusion in holie writ,

1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “The Ruines of Time”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:

When I pointed to any thing, she told me the Name of it in her own Tongue, so that in a few Days I was able to call for whatever I had a mind to.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=I to IV), page [178]:

To dwell on a heath without studying its meanings was like wedding a foreigner without learning his tongue.

1878 January–December, Thomas Hardy, chapter 7, in The Return of the Native […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], published 1878, →OCLC:

“You should read Spanish,” he said. “It is a noble tongue. […]”

1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter LXXXVI, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:

If you do not speak English I am at your disposal with 187 other languages along with their various dialects and sub-tongues.

1956, Cyril Hume, Forbidden Planet, spoken by Robby the Robot:

Many of them come from distant places and although they speak your tongue they are ignorant of your customs.

1958, Chinua Achebe, chapter 23, in Things Fall Apart, New York: Astor-Honor, published 1959, page 200:

My grandfather, accustomed to the multifarious conjugations of ancient Greek verbs, had found English, for all its incoherence, a relatively simple tongue to master.

2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex, New York: Picador, Book 2, p. 99:

Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 13:8:

(religion, often in the plural) Glossolalia.


shoe

shoe (plural shoes or (archaic, dialectal) shoon or (obsolete) shoen)

shoes (plural)
shoon (archaic dialectal plural)
shoen (obsolete plural)

From Middle English scho, sho, from Old English sċōh (“shoe”), from Proto-West Germanic *skōh, from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz (“shoe”), of unclear etymology; possibly a derivation from *skehaną (“to move quickly”), from Proto-Indo-European *skek- (“to move quickly, jump”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English sabatine, sabatoun (“shoe”) from Medieval Latin sabatēnum, sabatum (“shoe, slipper”) (compare Old Occitan sabatō, Spanish zapato (“shoe”), French sabot (“wooden shoe, clog”), Italian ciabatta). The archaic plural shoon is from Middle English shon, from Old English scōn, scōum (“shoes”, dative plural) and scōna (“shoes'”, genitive plural); it is cognate with Scots shuin (“shoes”).
Cognates:
 See also Scots shae, West Frisian skoech, Low German Schoh, Dutch schoen, German Schuh, Bavarian Schuach, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish sko, Tocharian B skāk (“balcony”).
.

skoen

something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe)

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

Get your shoes on now, or you'll be late for school.

(footwear) A protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material. Shoes generally do not extend above the ankle, as opposed to boots, which do.

Throw the shoe from behind the line, and try to get it to land circling (a ringer) or touching the far stake.

A piece of metal designed to be attached to a horse's foot as a means of protection; a horseshoe.

The finest gold among them is 100 touch, called Sycee, i. e. pure gold without alloy: so that if a shoe of gold touch 93, then it hath 93 parts of fine gold and 7 parts alloy.

1806, Lawrence Dundas Campbell, E. Samuel, The Asiatic Annual Register, page 56:

Something resembling a shoe in form, position, or function, such as a brake shoe.

(historical) An ingot of gold or silver shaped somewhat like a traditional Chinese shoe, formerly used in trade in the Far East.


slide

→ Czech: slajd

→ Japanese: スライド (suraido)

→ Persian: اسلاید (eslâyd)

→ Polish: slajd

→ Portuguese: slide

From Middle English sliden, from Old English slīdan (“to slide”), from Proto-West Germanic *slīdan, from Proto-Germanic *slīdaną (“to slide, glide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sléydʰ-e-ti, from *sleydʰ- (“slippery”). Cognate with Old High German slītan (“to slide”) (whence German schlittern), Middle Low German slīden (“to slide”), Middle Dutch slīden (“to slide”) (whence Dutch slijderen, frequentative of now obsolete slijden), Vedic Sanskrit स्रेधति (srédhati, “to err, blunder”).

cog

(footwear) A sandal that is backless and open-toed.


lift

en-noun

lift (countable and uncountable, plural lifts)

→ Cantonese: 𨋢／䢂 (lip¹)

→ Dutch: lift
→ Papiamentu: left

→ Malay: lif

desctree

→ Russian: лифт (lift)
→ Armenian: լիֆտ (lift)
→ Georgian: ლიფტი (lipṭi)
→ Kazakh: лифт (lift)
→ Mongolian: лифт (lift)
→ Uyghur: لىفت (lift)
→ Uzbek: lift
→ Yakut: лифт (lift)

→ Swahili: lifti

→ Swedish: lift

From Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz). Cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål løfte (“to lift”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish lyfta (“to lift”), German lüften (“to air, lift”), Old English lyft (“air”). See above. 1851 for the noun sense "a mechanical device for vertical transport".
(To steal): For this sense Cleasby suggests perhaps a relation to the root of Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus) "thief", cognate with Latin cleptus and Greek κλέπτω (kléptō)).

der

Just to think he had both a mistress and a wife gave him a lift. He needed a lift, for although he'd had promotion, his wasn't an exciting job.

The dismissal of a player who left Arsenal for Manchester City before joining Tottenham gave the home players and fans a noticeable lift.

2012 November 17, “Arsenal 5-2 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport:


platform

From Middle French plateforme (“a flat form”), from plate (“flat”) (from Old French plat, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”)) + forme (“form”) (from Latin fōrma (“shape; figure; form”)); compare flatscape.

Now open the album cover! How fabulous! The four of them [the Pointer Sisters] in platforms of death, tacky gowns, and "reflections of."

1973 August 25, Jim Fournier, “Lo♡in' Mu𝄚ic”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 10, page 2:

Walk to Shazzer's from polling station was hideous walk of shame. Also cannot wear platforms now as feet too crippled so will look short.

2001 [1999], Helen Fielding, Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, New York: Penguin, →ISBN, page 167:

(footwear, in the plural) Ellipsis of platform shoe: a kind of high shoe with an extra layer between the inner and outer soles.


襪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mad): semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd).

Han compound

袜
韤
韈
𥀯
韎
𤿗
𥿉
帓
𤿖
靺

sock; stocking (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)


貫

(footwear) tied leather shoes worn with armour


AAA

en-noun

AAA (countable and uncountable, plural AAAs)


靴

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hʷa): semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls).

Han compound

鞾
𩎁
韡
𩍇
𡲲
㞜
𩋖
𩋾
𩍍


靴

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ふや. Cognate with Yaeyama 靴 (fuya); see there for more.


Sohle

Sohle (genitive)
Sohlen (plural)
Sohle (nominative singular)
Sohlen (definite nominative plural)
Sohle (genitive singular)
Sohlen (definite genitive plural)
Sohle (dative singular)
Sohlen (dative definite plural)
Sohle (accusative singular)
Sohlen (accusative definite plural)

→⇒ Kashubian: zôla

From Middle High German sole, from Old High German sola, borrowed from Vulgar Latin sola, plural of solum (“bottom, base”). Cognate with Hunsrik Sohl, English sole.

auf leisen Sohlen

vom Scheitel bis zur Sohle

eine kesse Sohle aufs Parkett legen

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


sole

→ Hebrew: סוֹל (sol)

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil.

cog

The Caliga was a military Shoe, with a very thick Sole, tied above the instep with leather Thongs.

1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations, page 147:

(footwear) The bottom of a shoe or boot.


sole

solen (definite singular)
solar (indefinite plural)
solane (definite plural)

From Old Norse sóli m, from Latin solum (“bottom, ground”).

(footwear) a sole (bottom of a shoe or boot)


jackboot

On a huge tomb-like table in the middle of the room, lay two pencilled profiles of Mr. Fielding, a pawnbroker’s ticket, a pair of ruffles, a very little muff, an immense broadsword, a Wycherley comb, a jackboot, and an old plumed hat; […]

1829, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter V, in Devereux. A Tale. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

There was a wonderful variety of costume to be seen and studied among the persons around me, […] other soldiers in helmets and jackboots; French officers of various uniform; monks and priests; attendants, in old-fashioned and gorgeous livery; […] so that, in any other country, the scene might have been taken for a fancy ball.

1858 February 19 (date written), Nathaniel Hawthorne, “February 19th [1858]”, in Passages from the French and Italian Note-books of Nathaniel Hawthorne, volume I, London: Strahan & Co., […], published 1871, →OCLC, page 98:

The coat itself, a long one of some fuzzy material, with huge side pockets into which the man's hands were plunged, reached to the cavernous tops of jackboots where the nether ends of his trousers were stowed away.

1914, Frank L. Packard, The Miracle Man, Chapter 3:

A glossy leather calf-covering military boot, commonly associated with German soldiers of the WWII era.


Oxford

From Middle English Oxenford, Oxneford, from Old English Oxnaford (“Oxford”, literally “oxen's ford”), equivalent to ox + ford. Compare Old Norse Öxnafurða.

inh

University of Oxford
w:University of Oxford


Wellington

en-proper noun

Wellington (countable and uncountable, plural Wellingtons)

From Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British soldier and statesman.
From Old English Weolingtun, meaning "wealthy estate".

Any of several places in a select number of countries, including:

A town in the Western Cape, South Africa.


jandal

Blend of Japanese + sandal, originally a trademarked name.

(New Zealand) A flip-flop (type of footwear)


flip-flop

→ Japanese: フリップフロップ (furippu-furoppu)

Onomatopoeic. Most probably an imitation of the sound produced when walking in them.

the necessity for yet another place at which to buy a polo shirt or a pair of flip-flops may not be apparent to the town's residents

30 August 2004, The New Yorker,, page 38

(US, UK, Fiji) A sandal consisting of a rubber sole fastened to the foot by a rubber thong fitting between the toes and around the sides of the foot.

(slang, derogatory, offensive) A person or inhabitant of the Middle East, or a Muslim nation, particularly Afghanistan.


flip-flop

en-verb

flip-flop (third-person singular simple present flip-flops, present participle flip-flopping, simple past and past participle flip-flopped)

flip-flops (present singular third-person)
flip-flopping (participle present)
flip-flopped (participle past)
flip-flopped (past)

(idiomatic, transitive, intransitive) To alternate back and forth between directly opposite opinions, ideas, or decisions.


thong

From Middle English thong, thwong, thwang, from Old English þwong, þwang, þweng, þwæng (“thong, band, strap, cord, strip of leather; phylactery”), from Proto-West Germanic *þwangi, from Proto-Germanic *þwangiz, *þwanguz (“coercion, constraint, band, clamp, strap”), from Proto-Indo-European *twenk- (“to squeeze, press, pressure”). Cognate with Scots thwang, thwayng, thang (“thong”), Middle Low German dwenge (“clamp, jaws, steel-trap”), German Zwinge (“vise, clamp”), Danish tvinge (“clamp”), dialectal Norwegian tveng (“shoestrap, shoelace”), Icelandic þvengur (“strap, thong, latchet”).

cog

Because of August he wears shorts and sandals, the Japanese geta sort called thongs.

1963 March 16, Hal Porter, “Little old lady passing by”, in The Bulletin, page 22, column 3:

T-shirts, cut-offs, and a pair of thongs (T-shirts, cut-offs, and a pair of thongs).

2006, Peter Murray, David Poole, Grant Jones, Contemporary Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour, Thomson, page 108,
Players turned up for questioning wearing thongs, shorts and T-shirts.

Thongs are the favoured footwear for many Aussies, especially near the beaches, but most people in the Outback find that they can't put a foot wrong with a tough, nicely worn-in pair or workboots.

2008, Steve Parish, Eccentric Australia, page 104:

You shouldn′t face condescension if you rock into a boutique in your thongs and a singlet, but neither will you be treated like a princess just because you've splashed $5000 on daddy's credit card.

2009, Charles Rawlings-Way, Sydney, Lonely Planet, page 126:

(usually in the plural, Australia) An item of footwear, usually of rubber, secured by two straps which join to pass between the big toe and its neighbour.

She was impressed by her friend's confidence to wear a thong on the crowded beach.

(UK, US) An item of clothing, usually an undergarment or swimwear consisting of very narrow strips designed to cover just the genitals and nothing more.

The largest section of a bullwhip constructed of many straps of braided leather.


mule

→ Hawaiian: miula

→ Irish: miúil

→ Maori: miūru

From Middle English mule, from Anglo-Norman mule and Old English mūl, both from Latin mūlus, from Proto-Indo-European *mukslós. Compare Late Latin muscellus (“young he-mule”), Old East Slavic мъшкъ (mŭškŭ, “mule”), Ancient Greek (Phocian) μυχλός (mukhlós, “he-ass”), and German Maul Maultier, Maulesel (through Latin).

Any of a group of cocktails involving ginger ale or ginger beer, citrus juice, and various liquors.


mule

Inherited from Old French mule, from Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus.


horseshoe

/ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/

From Middle English horsscho, horssho, horscho, hors schoo, equivalent to horse + shoe.

almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

close only counts in horseshoes and darts

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

(Midland US) An open-faced sandwich originating from Springfield, Illinois, consisting of thick-sliced toasted bread, often Texas toast, a hamburger patty, French fries, and a cheese sauce.


rand

Named after Witwatersrand; the last element is Afrikaans rand (“ridge”), from Dutch rand, from Old Saxon rand, from Germanic *randaz. Compare Etymology 1, and Rand.
The sense of currency is because of gold that was extracted from the Witwatersrand rocks.

The currency of South Africa, divided into 100 cents.


moccasin

John Smith (explorer)
Louisville Zoo
Musée de l'Armée
Néstor Kirchner
President of Argentina

From Powhatan makasin, mockasin, mawhcasuns (plural), from Proto-Algonquian *maxkeseni. The word is cognate with Massachusett mohkisson, mokussin, Mi'kmaq mksɨn, Munsee mahkusin, Ojibwe makizin. First appears c. 1612 in the writings of John Smith. It has been suggested that sense 4 (“North American snake”) may be derived from a different Native American word.

refn

From the collection of the Musée de l'Armée in Paris, France.

The formal moccasins belonged to the former President of Argentina Néstor Kirchner (1950–2010) and are from the collection of the Museo del Bicentenario in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The term Chippewa, which is generaly applied to this nation, is derived from that of O̓ˊche̓pe̓ˊwa̓g, which they restrict to the Indians who reside near Fond du Lac, it signifies plaited shoes, from the fashion among those Indians of puckering their moccassins.

1824, William H[ypolitus] Keating, “Account of the Chippewa Indians. Their Usages, Manners, and Customs.”, in A Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter’s River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, &c. &c. […] In Two Volumes, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea— […], →OCLC, page 151:

At length Chingachgook turned his eyes slowly towards his son, and demanded— / "Do the Maquas dare to leave the print of their moccasins in these woods?" / "I have been on their trail," replied the young Indian, "and know that they number as many as the fingers of my two hands; but they lie hid like cowards."

1826, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter III, in The Last of the Mohicans; a Narrative of 1757. […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea— […], →OCLC, page 38:

The moccasin is preëminently an Indian invention, and one of the highest antiquity. It is true to nature in its adjustment to the foot, beautiful in its materials and finish, and durable as an article of apparel. […] The moccasin is made of one piece of deer skin. It is seamed up at the heel, and also in front, above the foot, leaving the bottom of the moccasin without a seam.

1850 July, Lewis H[enry] Morgan, “The Fabrics of the Iroquois”, in James Stryker, editor, Stryker’s American Register and Magazine, volume IV, Washington, D.C.: W. M. Morrison [et al.], →OCLC, page 321:

The carving of the toes, the articulation of which is slightly arched in some cases, shows great delicacy[…]. The feet of the leaping youths of the 'Ivory Deposit' omit this feature, since, as was usual in the sports of the bull-ring, they were shod in mocassin-like gear.

1930, Arthur Evans, “§87. Chryselephantine Figurines of ‘Boston Goddess’ and Boy-god Connected with Ivory Deposit: The Mother Goddess and Child.”, in The Palace of Minos: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the Early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos, volumes III (The Great Transitional Age in the Northern and Eastern Sections of the Palace: The Most Brilliant Records of Minoan Art and the Evidences of an Advanced Religion), London: Macmillan and Co., Limited […], →OCLC, page 452:

A traditional Native North American shoe, usually without a heel or sole, made of a piece of deerskin or other soft leather turned up at the edges which are either stitched together at the top of the shoe, or sewn to a vamp (a piece covering the top of the foot).

Walking moccasin of gray chrome tanned leather. Waterproof. Flexible elk sole.

1915 January, Robert Lloyd Trevor, “Shopping for the Well-dressed Man: The Parka and a New Overcoat, Some Shoes, Socks and a Muffler”, in Frank Crowninshield, editor, Vanity Fair, volume 3, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Vanity Fair Publishing Company, →OCLC, image caption, page 59, column 2:

The men's shoe, a classic, low-heeled moccasin, was called Model 175. A classier women's version soon followed.

2000, Sara Gay Forden, The House of Gucci: A Sensational Story of Murder, Madness, Glamour, and Greed, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins, 2012, →ISBN, page 38:

A modern shoe with either a low or no heel resembling a traditional Native American moccasin in that the leather forming the sides of the shoe is stitched at the top.

The moccaſin ſnake is a large and horrid ſerpent to all appearance, and there are very terrifying ſtories related of him by the inhabitants of the Southern ſtates, where they greatly abound, particularly in Eaſt Florida: that their bite is always incurable, the fleſh for a conſiderable ſpace about the wound rotting to the bone, which then becomes carious, and a general mortification enſues, which infallibly deſtroys the patient; […]

1791, William Bartram, chapter X, in Travels through North and South Carolina, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed by James and Johnson; London: Reprinted for J. Johnson, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 268:

The excellence of alkaline salts, as antidotes to the venom of serpents, has long been established. The volatile alkali is a common remedy in India for the bite of the cobra copella and viper, &c. The poison of the moccasin and rattlesnake is immediately counteracted by the application of this remedy.

1843 March 8, E. J. Ferguson, “On the Treatment of Hydrophobia”, in J[erome] V[an] C[roninsfield] Smith, editor, The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, volume XXVIII, number 7, Boston, Mass.: D. Clapp, Jr., […], published 22 March 1843, →OCLC, page 135:

Having last considered amphibious reptiles, in treating of snakes we will first describe some of the species that make their home chiefly in the water, among which we find only a single species, the moccasin, that is venomous, and another, the anaconda, that is otherwise formidable.

1891, J[ames] W[illiam] Buel, “Reptiles”, in The Living World: A Complete Natural History of the Worlds Creatures, Fishes, Reptiles, Insects, Birds and Mammals. …, Philadelphia, Pa., St. Louis, Mo.: Historical Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 179:

Agkistrodon contortrix
Agkistrodon contortrix#Translingual

Agkistrodon piscivorus
Agkistrodon piscivorus#Translingual

Any of several North American snakes of the genus Agkistrodon, particularly the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and the cottonmouth or water moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus).


muil

nl-noun

muil m (plural muilen, diminutive muiltje n)

muilen (plural)
muiltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch muul, from Old Dutch mūl, from Proto-Germanic *mūlą.

De hond kauwde op het bot met zijn muil.

The dog chewed on the bone with its muzzle.

Hij opende de muil van de hond om te kijken naar zijn tanden.

He opened the dog's mouth to look at its teeth.

De varkenszuster was bedekt met modder tot aan haar muil.


muil

Negerhollands: milen, myel

From Middle Dutch muul, from Latin (calceus) mulleus (“red shoe”).

De sprookjesprins zocht Assepoester, met als enige aanwijzing haar glazen muiltje.

The fairytale prince looked for Cinderella with her glass slipper as the only clue.

(usually as diminutive) a flat type of footwear


muil

From Middle Dutch muul, from Old Dutch *mūl, from Proto-West Germanic *mūl, from Latin mūlus.

a mule, an equine crossbreed between a stallion (horse) and a she-ass (donkey)


pero

la-noun

pērō m (genitive pērōnis); third declension

pērō (canonical masculine)
pērōnis (genitive)
pērō (nominative singular)
pērōnēs (nominative plural)
pērōnis (genitive singular)
pērōnum (genitive plural)
pērōnī (dative singular)
pērōnibus (dative plural)
pērōnem (accusative singular)
pērōnēs (accusative plural)
pērōne (ablative singular)
pērōnibus (ablative plural)
pērō (singular vocative)
pērōnēs (plural vocative)

Italian: perone

Unknown, perhaps related to pēra (“bag, satchel; wallet”).

A kind of boot made of raw hide, worn chiefly by soldiers or wagoners; a clodhopper


bootstrap

en-verb

bootstrap (third-person singular simple present bootstraps, present participle bootstrapping, simple past and past participle bootstrapped)

bootstraps (present singular third-person)
bootstrapping (participle present)
bootstrapped (participle past)
bootstrapped (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bootstrap.wav

From boot + strap. The sense "pull up (without aid)" comes from the phrase pull oneself up by one's bootstraps.

(computing) To load the operating system into the memory of a computer. Usually shortened to boot.

And she finds the plan. She doesn't remember it; she bootstraps it from first principles, in a handful of minutes, just like she's done a hundred times before.

2016 January 1, qntm, “Your Last First Day”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-09-04:

(by extension) To build or put together (something) by first building or putting together the tools, building blocks, ideas, etc., necessary to build (the thing).


kenkä

kenkä (nominative singular)
kengät (nominative plural)
kenkä (accusative nominative singular)
kengät (accusative nominative plural)
kengän (accusative genitive singular)
kengät (accusative genitive plural)
kengän (genitive singular)
kenkien (genitive plural)
kenkäin (genitive plural rare)
kenkää (partitive singular)
kenkiä (partitive plural)
kengässä (inessive singular)
kengissä (inessive plural)
kengästä (elative singular)
kengistä (elative plural)
kenkään (illative singular)
kenkiin (illative plural)
kengällä (adessive singular)
kengillä (adessive plural)
kengältä (ablative singular)
kengiltä (ablative plural)
kengälle (allative singular)
kengille (allative plural)
kenkänä (essive singular)
kenkinä (essive plural)
kengäksi (singular translative)
kengiksi (plural translative)
kengättä (abessive singular)
kengittä (abessive plural)
kengin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kenkäni (nominative singular)
kenkäni (nominative plural)
kenkäni (accusative nominative singular)
kenkäni (accusative nominative plural)
kenkäni (accusative genitive singular)
kenkäni (accusative genitive plural)
kenkäni (genitive singular)
kenkieni (genitive plural)
kenkäini (genitive plural rare)
kenkääni (partitive singular)
kenkiäni (partitive plural)
kengässäni (inessive singular)
kengissäni (inessive plural)
kengästäni (elative singular)
kengistäni (elative plural)
kenkääni (illative singular)
kenkiini (illative plural)
kengälläni (adessive singular)
kengilläni (adessive plural)
kengältäni (ablative singular)
kengiltäni (ablative plural)
kengälleni (allative singular)
kengilleni (allative plural)
kenkänäni (essive singular)
kenkinäni (essive plural)
kengäkseni (singular translative)
kengikseni (plural translative)
kengättäni (abessive singular)
kengittäni (abessive plural)
kenkineni (comitative plural)
kenkäsi (nominative singular)
kenkäsi (nominative plural)
kenkäsi (accusative nominative singular)
kenkäsi (accusative nominative plural)
kenkäsi (accusative genitive singular)
kenkäsi (accusative genitive plural)
kenkäsi (genitive singular)
kenkiesi (genitive plural)
kenkäisi (genitive plural rare)
kenkääsi (partitive singular)
kenkiäsi (partitive plural)
kengässäsi (inessive singular)
kengissäsi (inessive plural)
kengästäsi (elative singular)
kengistäsi (elative plural)
kenkääsi (illative singular)
kenkiisi (illative plural)
kengälläsi (adessive singular)
kengilläsi (adessive plural)
kengältäsi (ablative singular)
kengiltäsi (ablative plural)
kengällesi (allative singular)
kengillesi (allative plural)
kenkänäsi (essive singular)
kenkinäsi (essive plural)
kengäksesi (singular translative)
kengiksesi (plural translative)
kengättäsi (abessive singular)
kengittäsi (abessive plural)
kenkinesi (comitative plural)
kenkämme (nominative singular)
kenkämme (nominative plural)
kenkämme (accusative nominative singular)
kenkämme (accusative nominative plural)
kenkämme (accusative genitive singular)
kenkämme (accusative genitive plural)
kenkämme (genitive singular)
kenkiemme (genitive plural)
kenkäimme (genitive plural rare)
kenkäämme (partitive singular)
kenkiämme (partitive plural)
kengässämme (inessive singular)
kengissämme (inessive plural)
kengästämme (elative singular)
kengistämme (elative plural)
kenkäämme (illative singular)
kenkiimme (illative plural)
kengällämme (adessive singular)
kengillämme (adessive plural)
kengältämme (ablative singular)
kengiltämme (ablative plural)
kengällemme (allative singular)
kengillemme (allative plural)
kenkänämme (essive singular)
kenkinämme (essive plural)
kengäksemme (singular translative)
kengiksemme (plural translative)
kengättämme (abessive singular)
kengittämme (abessive plural)
kenkinemme (comitative plural)
kenkänne (nominative singular)
kenkänne (nominative plural)
kenkänne (accusative nominative singular)
kenkänne (accusative nominative plural)
kenkänne (accusative genitive singular)
kenkänne (accusative genitive plural)
kenkänne (genitive singular)
kenkienne (genitive plural)
kenkäinne (genitive plural rare)
kenkäänne (partitive singular)
kenkiänne (partitive plural)
kengässänne (inessive singular)
kengissänne (inessive plural)
kengästänne (elative singular)
kengistänne (elative plural)
kenkäänne (illative singular)
kenkiinne (illative plural)
kengällänne (adessive singular)
kengillänne (adessive plural)
kengältänne (ablative singular)
kengiltänne (ablative plural)
kengällenne (allative singular)
kengillenne (allative plural)
kenkänänne (essive singular)
kenkinänne (essive plural)
kengäksenne (singular translative)
kengiksenne (plural translative)
kengättänne (abessive singular)
kengittänne (abessive plural)
kenkinenne (comitative plural)
kenkänsä (nominative singular)
kenkänsä (nominative plural)
kenkänsä (accusative nominative singular)
kenkänsä (accusative nominative plural)
kenkänsä (accusative genitive singular)
kenkänsä (accusative genitive plural)
kenkänsä (genitive singular)
kenkiensä (genitive plural)
kenkäinsä (genitive plural rare)
kenkäänsä (partitive singular)
kenkiään (partitive plural)
kenkiänsä (partitive plural)
kengässään (inessive singular)
kengässänsä (inessive singular)
kengissään (inessive plural)
kengissänsä (inessive plural)
kengästään (elative singular)
kengästänsä (elative singular)
kengistään (elative plural)
kengistänsä (elative plural)
kenkäänsä (illative singular)
kenkiinsä (illative plural)
kengällään (adessive singular)
kengällänsä (adessive singular)
kengillään (adessive plural)
kengillänsä (adessive plural)
kengältään (ablative singular)
kengältänsä (ablative singular)
kengiltään (ablative plural)
kengiltänsä (ablative plural)
kengälleen (allative singular)
kengällensä (allative singular)
kengilleen (allative plural)
kengillensä (allative plural)
kenkänään (essive singular)
kenkänänsä (essive singular)
kenkinään (essive plural)
kenkinänsä (essive plural)
kengäkseen (singular translative)
kengäksensä (singular translative)
kengikseen (plural translative)
kengiksensä (plural translative)
kengättään (abessive singular)
kengättänsä (abessive singular)
kengittään (abessive plural)
kengittänsä (abessive plural)
kenkineen (comitative plural)
kenkinensä (comitative plural)

→ Swedish: känga

From Proto-Finnic *kenkä, possibly borrowed from pre-Germanic *(s)keng- (see the Proto-Finnic entry for more). Cognate with Estonian king.

shoe (something resembling a shoe in function)


kenkä

kenkä (nominative singular)
kengät (nominative plural)
kengän (genitive singular)
kenkiin (genitive plural)
kenkää (partitive singular)
kenkiä (partitive plural)
kenkää (illative singular)
kenkii (illative plural)
kengääs (inessive singular)
kengiis (inessive plural)
kengäst (elative singular)
kengist (elative plural)
kengälle (allative singular)
kengille (allative plural)
kengääl (adessive singular)
kengiil (adessive plural)
kengält (ablative singular)
kengilt (ablative plural)
kengäks (singular translative)
kengiks (plural translative)
kenkännä (essive singular)
kenkään (essive singular)
kenkinnä (essive plural)
kenkiin (essive plural)
kenkänt (exessive singular)
kenkint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kenkä. Cognates include Finnish kenkä and Estonian king.

Paa kengät jalkaa.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 73:


clog

Unknown; perhaps from Middle English clog (“weight attached to the leg of an animal to impede movement”). Perhaps of North Germanic origin and derived from Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“lump, mass, clasp”); compare Old Norse klugu, klogo (“knotty tree log”), Dutch klomp.

der

Dutch people rarely wear clogs these days.

[…] as to the poor—just look at them when they come crowding about the church doors on the occasion of a marriage or a funeral, clattering in clogs;

1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter 15, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC:

She stomped up the stairs. Her clogs slammed against the pine boards of the staircase and shook the house.

2002, Alice Sebold, chapter 5, in The Lovely Bones, Waterville, ME: Thorndike Press, page 92:

A type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole sometimes with an open heel.

قُبْقَاب

a type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole and an open heel


clog

en-verb

clog (third-person singular simple present clogs, present participle clogging, simple past and past participle clogged)

clogs (present singular third-person)
clogging (participle present)
clogged (participle past)
clogged (past)

The commodities […]are clogged with impositions.

1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

You'll rue the time / That clogs me with this answer.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex.

And in a burst of Celtic drums and fiddles, a bosomy colleen with a jaunty green hat and suit jacket riverdanced onto the stage, clogging with a surprising degree of expertise, barely restrained breasts jiggling.


gum

en-noun

gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)

From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.

صَمْغ

sticky substance exuded by certain plants

խեժ

sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants


sukka

sukka (nominative singular)
sukat (nominative plural)
sukan (genitive singular)
sukkiin (genitive plural)
sukkaa (partitive singular)
sukkia (partitive plural)
sukkaa (illative singular)
sukkii (illative plural)
sukas (inessive singular)
sukis (inessive plural)
sukast (elative singular)
sukist (elative plural)
sukalle (allative singular)
sukille (allative plural)
sukal (adessive singular)
sukil (adessive plural)
sukalt (ablative singular)
sukilt (ablative plural)
sukaks (singular translative)
sukiks (plural translative)
sukkanna (essive singular)
sukkaan (essive singular)
sukkinna (essive plural)
sukkiin (essive plural)
sukkant (exessive singular)
sukkint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *sukka. Cognates include Finnish sukka and Estonian sukk.


runner

From Middle English rennere, rynner, urnare, equivalent to run + -er. Cognate with Old Norse rennari (“runner; messenger”). Displaced earlier Middle English runel (“runner”), from Old English rynel (“runner”; also “messenger, courier”).

махови́к

(Australia, Canada, Ireland, Scotland) A type of soft-soled shoe originally intended for runners.

A mechanical part intended to guide or aid something else to move (using wheels or sliding).

A leaping food fish (Elagatis pinnulatis) of Florida and the West Indies; the skipjack, shoemaker, or yellowtail.


saapas

saapas (nominative singular)
saappaat (nominative plural)
saappaan (genitive singular)
saappain (genitive plural)
saapasta (partitive singular)
saapast (partitive singular)
saappaita (partitive plural)
saappaja (partitive plural)
saappaasse (illative singular)
saappaisse (illative plural)
saappaas (inessive singular)
saappais (inessive plural)
saappaast (elative singular)
saappaist (elative plural)
saappaalle (allative singular)
saappaille (allative plural)
saappaal (adessive singular)
saappail (adessive plural)
saappaalt (ablative singular)
saappailt (ablative plural)
saappaaks (singular translative)
saappaiks (plural translative)
saappaanna (essive singular)
saappaan (essive singular)
saappainna (essive plural)
saappain (essive plural)
saappaant (exessive singular)
saappaint (exessive plural)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic сапогъ (sapogŭ). Akin to Finnish saapas and Estonian saabas.


sock

sock (plural socks or (informal, nonstandard) sox)

socks (plural)
sox (informal nonstandard plural)

desctree

→ French: socquette
→ Portuguese: soquete

Japanese: ソックス (sokkusu) < socks

Swahili: soksi < socks (plural)

From Middle English socke, sokke, sok, from Old English socc (“sock, light shoe, slipper”), a West Germanic borrowing from Latin soccus (“a light shoe or slipper, buskin”), from Ancient Greek σύκχος (súkkhos, “a kind of shoe”), probably from Phrygian or from an Anatolian language. Beekes compares Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬑𐬀 (haxa, “sole of the foot”). Cognate with Scots sok (“sock, stocking”), West Frisian sok (“sock”), Dutch sok (“sock”), German Socke (“sock”), Danish sok, sokke (“sock”), Swedish sock, socka (“sock”), Icelandic sokkur (“sock”). Doublet of zocco; also related to zoccolo, socle, and zocalo.

der

(Internet slang) A sock puppet (type of online account).


reed

head

reed c (plural redens, diminutive reedsje)


beater

From Middle English beter, betere, bettere, from Old English bēatere (“a beater; boxer, fighter; champion”), equivalent to beat + -er. Related to beetle (“a type of mallet”).

inh

Packed merrily into my friends’ beater, an old Ford Pinto, we headed into Jennings, a mostly Black North St. Louis County community heavily patrolled by white officers, to pick up one more college friend.

2020 July 14, Ron Stodghill, “Black Behind the Wheel”, in New York Times:

(US, informal) An old or dilapidated automobile in poor operating condition.

wrak

an automobile in poor operating condition

In the sport of Quidditch or Muggle quidditch, a player who attempts to hit the opposing team's players with bludgers and to block the bludgers from hitting their own team's players.

Beaters generally don't sell for much, unless they're a particularly legendary model, and they’re generally sold without the original box or extra laces. Unlike most "worn" sneakers that have been kept as close to perfect as possible, beaters tend to be the shoes used for rainy days and in the gym.

2015 July 22, Josh Chesler, “10 Sneaker Terms You Need to Know When Getting Into Kicks”, in Pheonix New Times:

What constitutes a beater varies from person to person — some might consider affordable sneakers like the Vans Sk8-Hi or a pair of Nike Air Force 1s a pair worth beating to death, while other sneakerheads might discover that one of their favorite "hyped" sneakers just naturally becomes a beater over time.

2018 September 11, Fabian Gorsler, “Industry Insiders Reveal Their Favorite Beater Sneakers”, in Highsnobiety:

5 low-key footwear brands making the trusty summer beater feel exciting again.

2022 July 25, Jake Woolf, “Your Next Pair of Canvas Sneakers Should Come With a Serious Dose of Indie Cred”, in GQ:

(informal) A shoe suitable for everyday wear, during which they may get dirty or scuffed, as opposed to more valuable shoes that one wishes to keep in good condition.


shoehorn

/ˈʃuːˌhɔː(ɹ)n/

A smooth tool that assists in putting the foot into a shoe, by sliding the heel in after the toe is in place. This reduces discomfort and damage to the back of the shoe. By slipping it into the back of the shoe behind the heel, the user prevents the heel from squashing down the back of the shoe and causing difficulty; instead the heel slides down the smooth shoehorn, which then comes out easily once the foot is in place.


mono

mono (nominative singular)
monot (nominative plural)
mono (accusative nominative singular)
monot (accusative nominative plural)
monon (accusative genitive singular)
monot (accusative genitive plural)
monon (genitive singular)
monojen (genitive plural)
monoa (partitive singular)
monoja (partitive plural)
monossa (inessive singular)
monoissa (inessive plural)
monosta (elative singular)
monoista (elative plural)
monoon (illative singular)
monoihin (illative plural)
monolla (adessive singular)
monoilla (adessive plural)
monolta (ablative singular)
monoilta (ablative plural)
monolle (allative singular)
monoille (allative plural)
monona (essive singular)
monoina (essive plural)
monoksi (singular translative)
monoiksi (plural translative)
monotta (abessive singular)
monoitta (abessive plural)
monoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mononi (nominative singular)
mononi (nominative plural)
mononi (accusative nominative singular)
mononi (accusative nominative plural)
mononi (accusative genitive singular)
mononi (accusative genitive plural)
mononi (genitive singular)
monojeni (genitive plural)
monoani (partitive singular)
monojani (partitive plural)
monossani (inessive singular)
monoissani (inessive plural)
monostani (elative singular)
monoistani (elative plural)
monooni (illative singular)
monoihini (illative plural)
monollani (adessive singular)
monoillani (adessive plural)
monoltani (ablative singular)
monoiltani (ablative plural)
monolleni (allative singular)
monoilleni (allative plural)
mononani (essive singular)
monoinani (essive plural)
monokseni (singular translative)
monoikseni (plural translative)
monottani (abessive singular)
monoittani (abessive plural)
monoineni (comitative plural)
monosi (nominative singular)
monosi (nominative plural)
monosi (accusative nominative singular)
monosi (accusative nominative plural)
monosi (accusative genitive singular)
monosi (accusative genitive plural)
monosi (genitive singular)
monojesi (genitive plural)
monoasi (partitive singular)
monojasi (partitive plural)
monossasi (inessive singular)
monoissasi (inessive plural)
monostasi (elative singular)
monoistasi (elative plural)
monoosi (illative singular)
monoihisi (illative plural)
monollasi (adessive singular)
monoillasi (adessive plural)
monoltasi (ablative singular)
monoiltasi (ablative plural)
monollesi (allative singular)
monoillesi (allative plural)
mononasi (essive singular)
monoinasi (essive plural)
monoksesi (singular translative)
monoiksesi (plural translative)
monottasi (abessive singular)
monoittasi (abessive plural)
monoinesi (comitative plural)
monomme (nominative singular)
monomme (nominative plural)
monomme (accusative nominative singular)
monomme (accusative nominative plural)
monomme (accusative genitive singular)
monomme (accusative genitive plural)
monomme (genitive singular)
monojemme (genitive plural)
monoamme (partitive singular)
monojamme (partitive plural)
monossamme (inessive singular)
monoissamme (inessive plural)
monostamme (elative singular)
monoistamme (elative plural)
monoomme (illative singular)
monoihimme (illative plural)
monollamme (adessive singular)
monoillamme (adessive plural)
monoltamme (ablative singular)
monoiltamme (ablative plural)
monollemme (allative singular)
monoillemme (allative plural)
mononamme (essive singular)
monoinamme (essive plural)
monoksemme (singular translative)
monoiksemme (plural translative)
monottamme (abessive singular)
monoittamme (abessive plural)
monoinemme (comitative plural)
mononne (nominative singular)
mononne (nominative plural)
mononne (accusative nominative singular)
mononne (accusative nominative plural)
mononne (accusative genitive singular)
mononne (accusative genitive plural)
mononne (genitive singular)
monojenne (genitive plural)
monoanne (partitive singular)
monojanne (partitive plural)
monossanne (inessive singular)
monoissanne (inessive plural)
monostanne (elative singular)
monoistanne (elative plural)
monoonne (illative singular)
monoihinne (illative plural)
monollanne (adessive singular)
monoillanne (adessive plural)
monoltanne (ablative singular)
monoiltanne (ablative plural)
monollenne (allative singular)
monoillenne (allative plural)
mononanne (essive singular)
monoinanne (essive plural)
monoksenne (singular translative)
monoiksenne (plural translative)
monottanne (abessive singular)
monoittanne (abessive plural)
monoinenne (comitative plural)
mononsa (nominative singular)
mononsa (nominative plural)
mononsa (accusative nominative singular)
mononsa (accusative nominative plural)
mononsa (accusative genitive singular)
mononsa (accusative genitive plural)
mononsa (genitive singular)
monojensa (genitive plural)
monoaan (partitive singular)
monoansa (partitive singular)
monojaan (partitive plural)
monojansa (partitive plural)
monossaan (inessive singular)
monossansa (inessive singular)
monoissaan (inessive plural)
monoissansa (inessive plural)
monostaan (elative singular)
monostansa (elative singular)
monoistaan (elative plural)
monoistansa (elative plural)
monoonsa (illative singular)
monoihinsa (illative plural)
monollaan (adessive singular)
monollansa (adessive singular)
monoillaan (adessive plural)
monoillansa (adessive plural)
monoltaan (ablative singular)
monoltansa (ablative singular)
monoiltaan (ablative plural)
monoiltansa (ablative plural)
monolleen (allative singular)
monollensa (allative singular)
monoilleen (allative plural)
monoillensa (allative plural)
mononaan (essive singular)
mononansa (essive singular)
monoinaan (essive plural)
monoinansa (essive plural)
monokseen (singular translative)
monoksensa (singular translative)
monoikseen (plural translative)
monoiksensa (plural translative)
monottaan (abessive singular)
monottansa (abessive singular)
monoittaan (abessive plural)
monoittansa (abessive plural)
monoineen (comitative plural)
monoinensa (comitative plural)

From a trademark "Mono", registered in 1932 by Lahden Saapas- ja Lapikasteollisuus O.Y, since 1943 Mono Oy. The name, suggested by Arkki Laine, was chosen as result of a contest. The winner justified the name by explaining that it came from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “unique”), which described the positioning of the skiing shoes of the firm on the market. Additionally, the founder of the firm was Jussi Mononen.

genericized trademark
genericized trademark


mono

mono (nominative singular)
monot (nominative plural)
mono (accusative nominative singular)
monot (accusative nominative plural)
monon (accusative genitive singular)
monot (accusative genitive plural)
monon (genitive singular)
monojen (genitive plural)
monoa (partitive singular)
monoja (partitive plural)
monossa (inessive singular)
monoissa (inessive plural)
monosta (elative singular)
monoista (elative plural)
monoon (illative singular)
monoihin (illative plural)
monolla (adessive singular)
monoilla (adessive plural)
monolta (ablative singular)
monoilta (ablative plural)
monolle (allative singular)
monoille (allative plural)
monona (essive singular)
monoina (essive plural)
monoksi (singular translative)
monoiksi (plural translative)
monotta (abessive singular)
monoitta (abessive plural)
monoin (instructive plural)
monoine (comitative plural)
mononi (nominative singular)
mononi (nominative plural)
mononi (accusative nominative singular)
mononi (accusative nominative plural)
mononi (accusative genitive singular)
mononi (accusative genitive plural)
mononi (genitive singular)
monojeni (genitive plural)
monoani (partitive singular)
monojani (partitive plural)
monossani (inessive singular)
monoissani (inessive plural)
monostani (elative singular)
monoistani (elative plural)
monooni (illative singular)
monoihini (illative plural)
monollani (adessive singular)
monoillani (adessive plural)
monoltani (ablative singular)
monoiltani (ablative plural)
monolleni (allative singular)
monoilleni (allative plural)
mononani (essive singular)
monoinani (essive plural)
monokseni (singular translative)
monoikseni (plural translative)
monottani (abessive singular)
monoittani (abessive plural)
monoineni (comitative plural)
monosi (nominative singular)
monosi (nominative plural)
monosi (accusative nominative singular)
monosi (accusative nominative plural)
monosi (accusative genitive singular)
monosi (accusative genitive plural)
monosi (genitive singular)
monojesi (genitive plural)
monoasi (partitive singular)
monojasi (partitive plural)
monossasi (inessive singular)
monoissasi (inessive plural)
monostasi (elative singular)
monoistasi (elative plural)
monoosi (illative singular)
monoihisi (illative plural)
monollasi (adessive singular)
monoillasi (adessive plural)
monoltasi (ablative singular)
monoiltasi (ablative plural)
monollesi (allative singular)
monoillesi (allative plural)
mononasi (essive singular)
monoinasi (essive plural)
monoksesi (singular translative)
monoiksesi (plural translative)
monottasi (abessive singular)
monoittasi (abessive plural)
monoinesi (comitative plural)
monomme (nominative singular)
monomme (nominative plural)
monomme (accusative nominative singular)
monomme (accusative nominative plural)
monomme (accusative genitive singular)
monomme (accusative genitive plural)
monomme (genitive singular)
monojemme (genitive plural)
monoamme (partitive singular)
monojamme (partitive plural)
monossamme (inessive singular)
monoissamme (inessive plural)
monostamme (elative singular)
monoistamme (elative plural)
monoomme (illative singular)
monoihimme (illative plural)
monollamme (adessive singular)
monoillamme (adessive plural)
monoltamme (ablative singular)
monoiltamme (ablative plural)
monollemme (allative singular)
monoillemme (allative plural)
mononamme (essive singular)
monoinamme (essive plural)
monoksemme (singular translative)
monoiksemme (plural translative)
monottamme (abessive singular)
monoittamme (abessive plural)
monoinemme (comitative plural)
mononne (nominative singular)
mononne (nominative plural)
mononne (accusative nominative singular)
mononne (accusative nominative plural)
mononne (accusative genitive singular)
mononne (accusative genitive plural)
mononne (genitive singular)
monojenne (genitive plural)
monoanne (partitive singular)
monojanne (partitive plural)
monossanne (inessive singular)
monoissanne (inessive plural)
monostanne (elative singular)
monoistanne (elative plural)
monoonne (illative singular)
monoihinne (illative plural)
monollanne (adessive singular)
monoillanne (adessive plural)
monoltanne (ablative singular)
monoiltanne (ablative plural)
monollenne (allative singular)
monoillenne (allative plural)
mononanne (essive singular)
monoinanne (essive plural)
monoksenne (singular translative)
monoiksenne (plural translative)
monottanne (abessive singular)
monoittanne (abessive plural)
monoinenne (comitative plural)
mononsa (nominative singular)
mononsa (nominative plural)
mononsa (accusative nominative singular)
mononsa (accusative nominative plural)
mononsa (accusative genitive singular)
mononsa (accusative genitive plural)
mononsa (genitive singular)
monojensa (genitive plural)
monoaan (partitive singular)
monoansa (partitive singular)
monojaan (partitive plural)
monojansa (partitive plural)
monossaan (inessive singular)
monossansa (inessive singular)
monoissaan (inessive plural)
monoissansa (inessive plural)
monostaan (elative singular)
monostansa (elative singular)
monoistaan (elative plural)
monoistansa (elative plural)
monoonsa (illative singular)
monoihinsa (illative plural)
monollaan (adessive singular)
monollansa (adessive singular)
monoillaan (adessive plural)
monoillansa (adessive plural)
monoltaan (ablative singular)
monoltansa (ablative singular)
monoiltaan (ablative plural)
monoiltansa (ablative plural)
monolleen (allative singular)
monollensa (allative singular)
monoilleen (allative plural)
monoillensa (allative plural)
mononaan (essive singular)
mononansa (essive singular)
monoinaan (essive plural)
monoinansa (essive plural)
monokseen (singular translative)
monoksensa (singular translative)
monoikseen (plural translative)
monoiksensa (plural translative)
monottaan (abessive singular)
monottansa (abessive singular)
monoittaan (abessive plural)
monoittansa (abessive plural)
monoineen (comitative plural)
monoinensa (comitative plural)

mono (having only a single audio channel)


fin

Dutch language
German language
Latin language
Middle English language
Old English language
Old Irish language
Proto-Germanic language
Proto-Indo-European language
Sanskrit language
Swedish language
Tocharian A language
fin
fin (disambiguation)

From Middle English fin, from Old English finn, from Proto-Germanic *finnō, *finǭ (“dorsal fin”) (compare Dutch vin, German Finne, Swedish finne, fena), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pīn- (“backbone, dorsal fin”) (compare Old Irish ind (“end, point”), Latin pinna (“feather, wing, fin”), Tocharian A spin (“hook”), Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, “splinter, staff”).

cog-lite

The divers wore fins to swim faster.

A device worn by divers and swimmers on their feet.


elevator

→ Hawaiian: ʻeleweka

→ Japanese: エレベーター

→ Korean: 엘리베이터 (ellibeiteo)

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top

(aeronautics) A control surface of an aircraft responsible for controlling the pitching motion of the machine.


wader

(chiefly in the plural) A waterproof boot that comes up to the hip, used by fishermen, etc.

A long-legged bird associated with wetland or coastal environments.


下駄

English: geta

Korean: 게다 (geda)

Korean: 겨다 (gyeoda)

A surface analysis suggests a Japanese coinage of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 下 (ge, “lower; under”) + 駄 (ta, “loading; carrying; footwear”).
Historical usage suggests a shift from older term 足駄 (ashida, “clogs”, later, referring more specifically to “tall clogs” in contrast to the “short clogs” referenced by the term geta), itself deriving from 足 (ashi, “foot”) + 板 (ita, “board”) from the even older practice of wearing flat pieces of wood on one's feet when working in the paddies to keep from sinking into the mud, similar in principle to snowshoes. This latter footwear persisted in use into the 20th century as 田下駄 (ta-geta, literally “paddy geta”).
The historical derivation indicates that the 駄 character's “footwear” sense, which is specific to Japanese and is not found in Chinese sources, could have arisen from phonetic ateji (当て字) usage in the terms ashida and geta.

鼻緒

the thong that passes between the first and second toe of the wearer

足袋: traditional sock with a split between the first and second toe to allow for the 鼻緒

草履

traditional straw sandal without a heel strap, similar to flip-flops

草鞋

traditional straw sandal with a heel strap

geta: a kind of wooden clog with at least one, more commonly two, stilts or “teeth”

the geta symbol, 〓 (Unicode value 3013): a typographic mark indicating unavailability of a glyph, such as when a character cannot be displayed on a computer; so called for the similarity to a geta clog footprint

(go) a stone placed not adjacent to the opponent's stone, but in such a way as to block the opponent's formation from escaping


spur

From Middle English spure, spore, from Old English spora, spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).

A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of the boot, to enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale to strip off the blubber.

(carpentry) A brace strengthening a post and some connected part, such as a rafter or crossbeam; a strut.

puntal

carpentry: brace strengthening a post and some connected part


spur

en-verb

spur (third-person singular simple present spurs, present participle spurring, simple past and past participle spurred)

spurs (present singular third-person)
spurring (participle present)
spurred (participle past)
spurred (past)

Draw, archers, draw your arrows to the head! Spur your proud horses hard, and ride in blood; Amaze the welkin with your broken staves!

c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], line 339:

(transitive) To prod (especially a horse) on the side or flank, with the intent to urge motion or haste, to gig.

My desire / (More sharp than filed steel) did spur me forth...

c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], line 4:

But the latest Santa Fe development, while not spurring the Rock Island to any further acceleration, has drawn fire from a totally unexpected quarter.

1940 May, “Overseas Railways: Acceleration Proceeds in U.S.A.”, in Railway Magazine, page 298:

What is unbearable, in fact, is the feeling, 13 years after 9/11, that America has been chasing its tail; that, in some whack-a-mole horror show, the quashing of a jihadi enclave here only spurs the sprouting of another there; that the ideology of Al Qaeda is still reverberating through a blocked Arab world whose Sunni-Shia balance (insofar as that went) was upended by the American invasion of Iraq.

2014 November 17, Roger Cohen, “The horror! The horror! The trauma of ISIS [print version: International New York Times, 18 November 2014, p. 9]”, in The New York Times:

(transitive) To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of an object

побужда́ть

к чему́-либо


spur

The track of an animal, such as an otter; a spoor.


stocking

→ Scottish Gaelic: stocainn

From stock (“cover with material”) + -ing. Corruption of old plural -en, i.e. stocken, now singular.

a pair of stockings

(footwear) A soft garment, usually knit or woven, worn on the foot and lower leg under shoes or other footwear.

çorape

garment (for translations of "sock", see sock)


geta

Because of August he wears shorts and sandals, the Japanese geta sort called thongs.

1963 March 16, Hal Porter, “Little old lady passing by”, in The Bulletin, page 22, column 3:

The Japanese geta or wooden sandal is a superb, though little-utilized, tool for training in the martial arts.[…]The geta are flat, wooden sandals raised on vertical slats.

1982 July 14, Robert Dillon, “Geta As A Karate Training Tool”, in Black Belt, page 70:

A Japanese raised wooden clog, worn with traditional Japanese garments such as the kimono.


pump

pump (third-person singular simple present pumps, present participle pumping, simple past and past participle pumped)

pumps (present singular third-person)
pumping (participle present)
pumped (participle past)
pumped (past)

⇒ Czech: pumpovat

→ Thai: ปั๊ม (bpám)

From Middle English pumpe, possibly from Middle Dutch pompe (“pipe, water conduit”) or Middle Low German pumpe (“pump”), probably ultimately imitative.
Compare Dutch pompen, German pumpen, and Danish pompe; also Spanish bomba (“pump”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

The waves were really pumping this morning.

Last night's party was really pumping.

(US, intransitive, slang) Of music: to be loud, to have strong bass and rhythms; (by extension) to be full of energy.


pump

The etymology of the term is unclear and disputed. One possibility is that it comes from pomp (“ornamentation”). Another is that it refers to the sound made by the foot moving inside the shoe when dancing. The Oxford English Dictionary claims that it appeared in the 16th century, and lists its origin as "obscure". It has also been linked to the Dutch pampoesje, possibly borrowed from Javanese pampus, ultimately from Persian پاپوش (pâpuš), borrowed from Arabic بَابُوش (bābūš).

unk

obscure

der

Arabic بَابُوش (bābūš)

(British) A low-top shoe with a rubber sole and a canvas upper; a low-top canvas sneaker.

She was wearing a lovely new pair of pumps.

(chiefly Canada, US) A type of women's shoe which leaves the instep uncovered and has a relatively high heel, especially a stiletto (with a very high and thin heel)


ботинок

ru-noun+

боти́нок • (botínok) m inan (genitive боти́нка, nominative plural боти́нки, genitive plural боти́нок, diminutive боти́ночек)

боти́нок (canonical)
botínok (romanization)
боти́нка (genitive)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нок (genitive plural)
боти́ночек (diminutive)
боти́нок (nominative singular)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нка (genitive singular)
боти́нок (genitive irregular plural)
боти́нку (dative singular)
боти́нкам (dative plural)
боти́нок (accusative singular)
боти́нки (accusative plural)
боти́нком (instrumental singular)
боти́нками (instrumental plural)
боти́нке (prepositional singular)
боти́нках (plural prepositional)

→ Georgian: ბათინკა (batinḳa)

→ Bezhta: батинкӏа (batinkʼa)

→ Kazakh: бәтеңке (bäteñke)

→ Yakut: бачыыҥка (bacııñka)

Ru-ботинок.ogg


ботинок

uk-noun

боти́нок • (botýnok) m inan (genitive боти́нка, nominative plural боти́нки, genitive plural боти́нків)

боти́нок (canonical)
botýnok (romanization)
боти́нка (genitive)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нків (genitive plural)
боти́нок (nominative singular)
боти́нки (nominative plural)
боти́нка (genitive singular)
боти́нків (genitive plural)
боти́нкові (dative singular)
боти́нку (dative singular)
боти́нкам (dative plural)
боти́нок (accusative singular)
боти́нки (accusative plural)
боти́нком (instrumental singular)
боти́нками (instrumental plural)
боти́нкові (locative singular)
боти́нку (locative singular)
боти́нках (locative plural)
боти́нку (singular vocative)
боти́нки (plural vocative)

Uk-ботинок.ogg


damask

damask (indefinite nominative singular)
damasks (genitive indefinite singular)
damasken (definite nominative singular)
damaskens (definite genitive singular)
damasker (indefinite nominative plural)
damaskers (genitive indefinite plural)
damaskerna (definite nominative plural)
damaskernas (definite genitive plural)


hogger

A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.


gaiter

Borrowed from French guêtre, from Middle French guiestres, guestes pl, from Old French *gueste, from Frankish *wastiju, from Proto-Germanic *wastijō (“garment; dress”).
Cognate with Middle High German wester (“a child's chrisom-cloth”), Middle High German westebarn (“godchild”), Old English wæstling (“a coverlet”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti, “garment; dress”).

cog

Part of the ecclesiastical garb of a bishop.


vamp

From Middle English vaumpe, vaum-pei, vampe (“covering for the foot, perhaps a slipper or understocking; upper of a boot or shoe”), or from Anglo-Norman vampe, *vaumpé (“part of a stocking covering the top of the foot”), from Old French avantpied, avantpiet, variants of avantpié, from avant (“in front”) + pié (“foot”).
Noun senses 2 and 3 (“a patch; something patched up or improvised”) appear to have been extended from sense 1 (“top part of a boot or shoe”). Sense 4 (“repeated and often improvised musical accompaniment”) was probably derived from sense 3, and sense 5 (“activity to fill or stall for time”) from sense 4.
The verb senses were derived from the noun. Compare also Middle English vaum-peien (“(uncertain) to repair (footwear) with a new upper or vamp; to fabricate an upper or vamp”).

The flow of water was in my ears, and in my eyes a hazy spreading, and upon my brain a closure, as a cobbler sews a vamp up.

1869, R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, chapter XX, in Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Son, & Marston, […], →OCLC, pages 279–280:

'Yes, I am rather cracked in the vamp,' he said freely, seeing that the eyes of the shepherd's wife fell upon his boots, 'and I am not well fitted either. I have had rough times lately, and have been forced to pick up what I can get in the way of wearing, but I must find a suit better fit for working days when I reach home.'

1883 March, Thomas Hardy, “The Three Strangers”, in Wessex Tales: Strange, Lively, and Commonplace […], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1888, →OCLC, page 24:

Their dark brown shoes had hand-stitched vamps.

1976, Chaim Grade, translated by Curt Leviant, The Yeshiva, Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, →ISBN, page 164:

The top part of a boot or shoe, above the sole and welt and in front of the ankle seam, that covers the instep and toes; the front part of an upper; the analogous part of a stocking.


vamp

en-verb

vamp (third-person singular simple present vamps, present participle vamping, simple past and past participle vamped)

vamps (present singular third-person)
vamping (participle present)
vamped (participle past)
vamped (past)

The shoe is now ready to be vamped after the eyelets are put in.

1899, [Charles B. Hatfield], “Cloth Quarters and Welt Shoes”, in Designing, Cutting and Grading Boot and Shoe Patterns: And Complete Manual for the Stitching Room. […], Boston, Mass.: Press of Superintendent and Foreman, →OCLC, page 56:

(transitive, shoemaking) To attach a vamp (to footwear).


vamp

A Fool There Was (1915 film)
Derby shoe
Oxford shoe
Theda Bara

Clipping of vampire. From a character type developed first for silent film, notably for Theda Bara's role in the 1915 film A Fool There Was.
The verb is derived from the noun.

It is the vamp who has a sense of humor that can really hold a man. She laughs at him, even as she is seeking to allure him—and he adores it.

1919 June, Renee Van Dyke, “Interesting Paragraphs about the Players”, in Geo[rge] M. Downs, Jr., editor, The Photo-play World, volume 2, number 8, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Downs Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 59, column 3:

She was got up to the best of her ability as a siren, more popularly a "vamp"—a picker up and thrower away of men, an unscrupulous and fundamentally unmoved toyer with affections.

1922, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, “The Connoisseur of Kisses”, in The Beautiful and Damned, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, book 1, page 95:

"Lady Miriam?" said Jarvis in surprise. "Oh, yes. … I suppose you mean that she looks a queer sort of vamp. But you've no notion what even the ladies of the best families are looking like nowadays.[…]"

1927 September, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesteron, “The Actor and the Alibi”, in The Secret of Father Brown, London, Toronto, Ont.: Cassell and Company, →OCLC, page 148:

Well, her seclusion is considered suspicious. She annoys them by being good-looking and even what is called good style. And all the young men are warned against her as a vamp.

1936, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Vampire of the Village”, in The Penguin Complete Father Brown, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, London: Penguin Books, published 1985, →OCLC, page 707:

[…]strait-laced Sandy, played by Olivia Newton-John, transformed herself into a vamp to bag the man of her dreams

2021 January 2, Katie Hind, “Grease is 'racist, rapey, homophobic and slut-shaming' and should never be shown on TV again, say woke snowflakes”, in The Daily Mail:

A flirtatious, seductive woman, especially one who exploits men by using their sexual desire for her; femme fatale.


vamp

We want a musical-comedy star to vamp a Senator or a member of the Cabinet; we want the protective tariff revised up or down because of an actress' whim; we want scarlet scandal in high life. And we are not likely to get them.

1926 November, Gilbert Seldes, “Exit the Poor Actor!: Out at Elbow No Longer, Our Players To-day are among America’s Most Prosperous Citizens”, in Arthur Hornblow, editor, Theatre Magazine, volume XLIV, number 308, New York, N.Y.: Theatre Magazine Company, →OCLC, page 58, column 4:

"People who lose all their charity generally lose all their logic," remarked Father Brown. "It's rather ridiculous to complain that she keeps to herself; and then accuse her of vamping the whole male population."

She smiled again. Batted her lashes and laid down a few more mascara tracks. Vamping in order to maintain composure.

1990 October, Jonathan Kellerman, chapter 27, in Time Bomb, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 321:

She vamps this month on the cover of British Vogue, a portrait of artfully crafted provocation.

2021 May 4, Ruth La Ferla, “On That Bombshell Billie Eilish Cover for British Vogue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(transitive, intransitive) To seduce or exploit someone.


vamp

Uncertain; possibly related to vamp (etymology 1, above): see the 2008 quotation.

John Mackin is one of the old-timers of the new Department. He was a volunteer fireman as well, […] John Mackin was among the number of "old vamps" who made application to the first Board of Fire Commissioners for appointment in the Paid Department.

1892, “Companies of the Seventh District”, in Our Firemen: The Official History of the Brooklyn Fire Department, from the First Volunteer to the Latest Appointee. Compiled from the Records of the Department, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.: [Brooklyn Fire Department], →OCLC, page 371:

The vamps had to carry their equipment to the fire on foot!

2000, “History of the Atlanta Fire Department”, in History of Service: Atlanta Fire Department Commemorative Yearbook, Paducah, Ky.: Turner Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 25, column 1:

Volunteer firemen are called vamps because they often went to fires on foot, vamp being an old English word for "walk." Syosset's first vamps responded quickly to fires and formed bucket brigades to extinguish them.

2008, John Delin, “The Vamps, Syosset’s Bravest”, in Syosset People and Places (Images of America), Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, →ISBN, page 88:


skate

Back-formation from Dutch schaats, from Middle Dutch schāetse, from Old Northern French escache (“a stilt, trestle”) (compare French échasse and English scatch), from a Germanic language, perhaps Frankish *skakkjā (“stilt”, literally “thing that moves”), related to *skakan (“to shake, swing”).


torpedo

* Borrowed from Latin torpēdō (“a torpedo fish; numbness, torpidity, electric ray”), from torpeō (“I am stiff, numb, torpid; I am astounded; I am inactive”) + -ēdō (noun suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”). In the military sense coined by Robert Fulton in 1805. Cognate with Old English steorfan (“to die”), Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”), Lithuanian tirpstu (“to become rigid”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti).
* (type of car): From 1908, after "the Torpedo", a car designed by Captain Theo Masui.

cog

Faire Queene, forbeare to angle for the fiſh, / Which being caught, ſtrikes him that takes it dead, / I meane that vile Torpedo, Gaueſton, / That now I hope flotes on the Iriſh Seas

1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I]:

The man has been changed into an artificial monster by the station in which he is born, and the consequent homage that benumbed his faculties like the torpedo's touch […].

1790, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Men:

"A childhood Misadventure with a Torpedo," Dixon, with a brief move of his head toward Mason, confides, "— thus his Sensitivity at all References to the,"— whispering,— "electrickal!"

1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 286:

(zoology) An electric ray of the genus Torpedo.

(slang) A professional gunman or assassin.

(historical) An automobile with a streamlined profile and a folding or detachable soft top, and having the hood or bonnet line raised to be level with the car's waistline, resulting in a straight beltline from front to back.


flipper

From flip + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Flappert (“flipper, wing”).

(cricket) A type of ball bowled by a leg spin bowler, which spins backwards and skids off the pitch with a low bounce.


cobbler

Inherited from Middle English cobeler, cobelere (“mender of shoes, cobbler”) [and other forms]; further origin unknown. The word appears to be derived from an early form of cobble (“to mend roughly, patch; (specifically) to mend shoes, especially roughly”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns), but is attested much earlier than the verb which suggests that the verb may be a back-formation from cobbler.
Sense 2 (“sheep left to the end to be sheared”) is a pun on cobbler’s last (“tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes”); while sense 3 (“clumsy workman”) is derived from cobble + -er: see above.

suffix

the cobbler always wears the worst shoes

the cobbler's children are the worst shod

This honest Cobler has done what he might: / That Statesmen in their Shoes might walk upright. / But rotten Shoes of Spannish running-leather: / No Coblers skill, can stitch them strong together.

1647, Jerome Bellamie, “Postscript”, in Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC; The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America (Force’s Collection of Historical Tracts; vol. III, no. 8), 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: […] Daniel Henchman, […]; [Washington, D.C.: W. Q. Force], 1713 (1844 printing), →OCLC, page 58:

[W]hat would they think of a French cobler cutting ſhoes for ſeveral of his fellow-ſubjects out of an old apple-tree?

1710 February 21 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 15. Friday, February 10. [1710.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC, page 414:

All honeſt jogg trotmen, who go on ſmoothly and dully, and write hiſtory and politics, and are praiſed; and who, had they been bred coblers, would all their lives have only mended ſhoes, but never made them.

1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], “The History of a Philosophic Vagabond, Pursuing Novelty, but Losing Content”, in The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume I, Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC, page 5:

A person who repairs, and sometimes makes, shoes.


cobbler

Fished for cobblers in the evening. The warbler sings its night-song.

1831 November 10, George Fletcher Moore, “The Journey”, in Martin Doyle, editor, Extracts from the Letters and Journals of George Fletcher Moore, Esq. […], London: Orr and Smith, […]; Dublin: W. Curry, Jun. & Co. […], published 1834, →OCLC, page 122:

The South Australian catfish (Cnidoglanis macrocephalus), a species of catfish native to Australia which has dorsal and pectoral fins bearing sharp, venomous spines.

The soldier or South Australian cobbler (Gymnapistes marmoratus), a brown fish native to southern Australian estuaries which is not closely related to Cnidoglanis macrocephalus, but also has venemous spines on its dorsal and pectoral fins.


upper

(footwear) The Y-shaped strap on flip-flops.

The upper portion of something
The Y-shaped strap on flip-flops.


plimsoll

From Samuel Plimsoll, a Bristol merchant.

“Yes, there are two distinct sets of footprints, both wearing rubber shoes—one I think ordinary plimsolls, the other goloshes,” replied the sergeant.

1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 13, in Well Tackled!:

While here, now, a large boy, a famous bully, swaggered to the front to bend, leering, and offer his satirical backside to be ineffectually beaten with a plimsoll by the gentle Scot.

(UK, Ireland) A rubber-soled lace-up canvas shoe for sports or onboard ships; a precursor of trainers.


dap

Onomatopoeic, from the sound made when a person runs while wearing daps.

I somehow expected them to shout obscenities, and was glad I had come ordinarily dressed, in a sports shirt, an old linen jacket, jeans and daps.

1988, Alan Hollinghurst, The Swimming-Pool Library, paperback edition, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 169:

(West Country, Somerset, Bristol, Wales, usually in the plural) A plimsoll.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(ornithology, colloquial) A redshank or greenshank, various species of Old World wading birds in the genus Tringa having distinctly colored legs.

The metal part on a curb bit that falls below the mouthpiece, which length controls the severity of the leverage action of the bit, and to which the reins of the bridle are attached.

Alternative form: yank

LBC's tryna blackball me / And tryna blame your boy for knife crime (Like, what?) / I don't use a shank, I got money in the bank / Man, I'd rather do a drive-by

2017, Stormzy, Mura Masa (lyrics and music), “Mr Skeng” (track 1), in Gang Signs & Prayer, performed by Stormzy:

One of the shot callers' responsibilities was to control the shanks within the prison population—the crude homemade knives used for stabbing another prisoner.

2019, Casey Diaz, Mike Yorkey, The Shot Caller […] , Emanate Books, →ISBN, page 76:


shank

en-verb

shank (third-person singular simple present shanks, present participle shanking, simple past and past participle shanked)

shanks (present singular third-person)
shanking (participle present)
shanked (participle past)
shanked (past)

(slang) To stab, especially with an improvised blade.


casual

en-adj

casual (comparative more casual, superlative most casual)

more casual (comparative)
most casual (superlative)

/ˈkɛʒ(ʉː)əl/

From Middle French casuel, from Late Latin cāsuālis (“happening by chance”), from Latin cāsus (“event”) (English case), from cadere (“to fall”) (whence English cadence).

der

I removed my jacket and threw it casually over the back of the settee.

2007, Nick Holland, The Girl on the Bus, page 117:


casual

/ˈkɛʒ(ʉː)əl/

At 15, he became a casual: one of the label-wearing, wedge-flicking, swaggering hooligan peacock boys who dominated the north-west when I was growing up. Casuals were working-class lads (called Perry boys in Manchester) who loved football, fighting and brilliant sportswear.

2019 September 14, Miranda Sawyer, “Mark Leckey: ‘There has to be a belief that art has this power, this charisma'”, in The Guardian:

(UK, historical) A member of a group of football hooligans who wear expensive designer clothing to avoid police attention; see casual (subculture).

Next spring you’ll see more women than ever wearing “casuals” and “flats,” the shoes with the wedge heels or no heels at all.

1948 December, “Shoes: Competition Is Back”, in Kiplinger Magazine, page 47, column 2:

In girls wearing casuals, ugly hypertrophied skin over the heels was frequently noted, probably due to the loose shoe moving as they walked.

Like his friends, he is wearing casuals, ideal for lounging around crypts.

1967, Kenneth Tynan, Tynan Right & Left: Plays, Films, People, Places and Events, New York, N.Y.: Atheneum, page 65:

He and I were wearing casuals[…]

1984, William Golding, The Paper Men, page 71:

(in the plural) Shoes suitable for everyday use, as opposed to more formal footwear.


brogue

From Irish bróg (“boot, shoe”), from Old Irish bróc, possibly related to or origin of Old Norse brók (“breeches”). The "accent" sense may instead be derived from Irish barróg (“a hold (on the tongue)”).

He had one pair of brogues and the soles were in a miserable state.

2016, Colson Whitehead, The Underground Railroad, Fleet (2017), page 161:

A strong Oxford shoe, with ornamental perforations and wing tips.


ugg boot

In Australia ugg boots and variants like ug, ugh or uggs are used generically. A trademark of UGH-BOOTS was registered in 1971 but was not enforced and generic users of the terms successfully applied for its removal in 2006 (Deckers Outdoor Corporation v B&B McDougal ATMO 5 (16 January 2006)).

A boot made of sheepskin with the wool as the lining and the leather as the outside.


nylon

en-noun

nylon (countable and uncountable, plural nylons)

→ Persian: نایلون (nâylon)

→ Polish: nylon

desctree

→ Spanish: nailon
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: nailo

→ Tibetan: ནེ་ལོན (ne lon)

→ Turkish: naylon

→ Chinese: 尼龍／尼龙 (nÍlóng)

Arbitrary letters + -on (by analogy with cotton); the widespread claim that the word derives from abbreviations of New York and London is a myth. Another claim is that an earlier name proposed for the material, intended for use in stockings, was "no-run", which was altered to avoid falsely representing that stockings made from the material would not run at all.

(perjoratively, by comparison to silk) A Queen's Counsel, King's Counsel or Senior Counsel who was appointed as a courtesy, rather than on merit.


slipper

Malay: selipar

Coordinate term: bootee

Get out of bed, put on your slippers, and come downstairs.

(footwear) Such a shoe intended for indoor use; a bedroom or house slipper.


slipper

nl-noun

slipper m (plural slippers, diminutive slippertje n)

slippers (plural)
slippertje (diminutive neuter)


boto

eo-head

boto (accusative singular boton, plural botoj, accusative plural botojn)

boton (accusative singular)
botoj (plural)
botojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from English boot, French botte.


orthopedic shoe

en-noun

orthopedic shoe (plural orthopedic shoes)

A shoe designed to correct a specific deformity of the foot.

ortopéd cipő

a shoe designed to correct a specific deformity of the foot


mukluk

Borrowed from Yup'ik maklak (“bearded seal”), referring to sealskin used to make boots, originally derived from Proto-Eskimo *makla (“bearded seal, spotted seal”).

der

Her parkee, made of Caribou, it is a lovely fit, / And she's all right from muck-a-luck unto her dainty mit. / This lovely Klooch is fond of Hooch, and makes it very well.

1898 December 8, Medicine Hat News, page 5:

(Canada, US) A soft knee-high boot of sealskin or reindeer skin, originally worn by Inuit and Yupik.


bróg

head

bróg f (genitive singular bróige, nominative plural bróga)

bróige (genitive singular)
bróga (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
bróg (indefinite singular)
bróga (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a bhróg (indefinite singular)
a bhróga (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
bróige (indefinite singular)
bróg (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
bróig (indefinite singular)
nominative (definite)
an bhróg (definite singular)
na bróga (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na bróige (definite singular)
na mbróg (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an mbróig (definite singular)
don bhróig (definite singular)
leis na bróga (definite plural)
bróg
bhróg
mbróg

→ English: brogue

→ Fingallian: brogue

→ Yola: brogue, brough

From Old Irish bróc, from Old Norse brók (“breeches”). Cognate with Manx braag and Scottish Gaelic bròg.


clodhopper

Compound of clod + hopper (agentive form of the verb hop). Perhaps affected by analogy with grasshopper. Attested in the sense of "peasant" since the seventeenth century; the extended sense of "boot" or "shoe" dates from the nineteenth century.

Smiling Jim Mead of New York tries on his GI clodhopper boots. He decided to return them "because we couldn't make any altitude with those aboard."

1943 August 16, “Senators go global: Five will fly to all fronts”, in LIFE Magazine:

(military slang) United States Navy ankle length work shoes, distinct from dress shoes or combat boots.


shoemaker

From Middle English shomaker, equivalent to shoe + maker. Compare Dutch schoenmaker, German Schuhmacher, Danish skomager.


glan

glan (nominative singular)
glany (nominative plural)
glana (genitive singular)
glanów (genitive plural)
glanowi (dative singular)
glanom (dative plural)
glan (accusative singular)
glany (accusative plural)
glanem (instrumental singular)
glanami (instrumental plural)
glanie (locative singular)
glanach (locative plural)
glanie (singular vocative)
glany (plural vocative)

Back-formation from glanc, with a semantic shift of shine > boots polished to a shine > bovver boot.

(colloquial) bovver boot (stout lace-up boots, especially Dr. Martens, perceived to be worn for the purpose of kicking people in fights, and popular with skinheads or other troublemakers out looking for bovver)


träsko

träsko (indefinite nominative singular)
träskos (genitive indefinite singular)
träskon (definite nominative singular)
träskons (definite genitive singular)
träskor (indefinite nominative plural)
träskors (genitive indefinite plural)
träskorna (definite nominative plural)
träskornas (definite genitive plural)

(usually in the plural) a clog (wooden shoe)


Wellington boots

en-noun

Wellington boots pl (normally plural, singular Wellington boot)

Named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who wore and popularised a similar style of boot, if not made of rubber.

named-after

(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)


sabot

Early 17th century, borrowed from Middle French sabot (see French sabot below). Doublet of sabaton and ciabatta.

A carrier around a projectile in a firearm, cannon or other type of artillery piece that precisely holds the projectile within the barrel.

manchet

a carrier around projectile(s) in firearms, cannons and artillery which holds the projectile in precision within the barrel