party

→ Bulgarian: парти (parti)

desc

Cantonese: → 派對／派对 (paai³ deoi³), → party, ⇒ P

→ Dhivehi: ޕާޓީ (pāṭī)

→ Japanese: パーティー (pātī)

→ Korean: 파티 (pati)

→ Maori: pāti

→ Malay: parti

→ Mandarin: 趴體／趴体 (pātǐ), 派對／派对 (pàiduì)

→ Russian: парти (parti)

From Middle English party, partye, partie, from Anglo-Norman partie, from Medieval Latin partīta (“a part, party”), from Latin partīta, feminine of partītus, past participle of partiō (“to divide”); see part. Doublet of partita.

حِزْب

business in the front, party in the back

(now rare in general sense) A group of people forming one side in a given dispute, contest etc.

(roleplaying games, online gaming) Active player characters organized into a single group.

joukko

online gaming: player characters organized into a single group

(video games) A group of characters controlled by the player.

joukko

video games: group of characters controlled by the player


party

en-verb

party (third-person singular simple present parties, present participle partying, simple past and past participle partied)

parties (present singular third-person)
partying (participle present)
partied (participle past)
partied (past)

If you want to beat that monster, you should party with a healer.

(online gaming, intransitive) To form a party (with).


乒乓

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ²/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ pɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin⁵⁵ pʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴ pʰoŋ³¹/

/pin⁴⁴ pɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰin⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰin⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰin³³ pʰɔŋ³³/

/pʰin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁵³/

/pʰin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ poŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰin⁵⁵ pʰã²¹/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ²/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ pɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin⁵⁵ pʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴ pʰoŋ³¹/

/pin⁴⁴ pɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰin⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰin⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰin³³ pʰɔŋ³³/

/pʰin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁵³/

/pʰin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔŋ⁴¹/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ poŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰin⁵⁵ pʰã²¹/

Graphical manipulations on 兵 (bīng, “soldier”).
A similar-sounding onomatopoeia to the source character 兵 (bīng, “soldier”). First attested in the Ming Dynasty, referring to the sound of collisions (for example, in 西遊記／西游记 (Xīyóujì, “Journey to the West”)). Later used as a translation of English ping pong.


d

Abbreviations.
* (British penny; old penny): abbreviation of Latin denarii, the name of the corresponding Roman coin.
* (dice): abbreviation of dice
d
# Abbreviation of died or death.
#: William Shakespeare, d 1616
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of do and inflections doing, did, done and homophone due
#: exception: dz 'does'
# (stenoscript) prefix dis- or des-

ng

or <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">death</i>.

d20 — a specialized die with twenty sides

2d6 — the sum of the roll of two six-sided dice


pass

en-verb

pass (third-person singular simple present passes, present participle passing, simple past and past participle passed)

passes (present singular third-person)
passing (participle present)
passed (participle past)
passed (past)

From Middle English passen, from Old French passer (“to step, walk, pass”), from Vulgar Latin *passāre (“step, walk, pass”), derived from Latin passus (“a step”), from pandere (“spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Italic *patnō, from Proto-Indo-European *pth₂noh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Old English fæþm (“armful, fathom”). More at fathom.
Displaced native Old English gengan.

اِجْتَازَ

to go through any inspection or test successfully

hyväksyttää

to cause to advance by stages of process

(intransitive, card games) In euchre, to decline to make the trump.


pass

Borrowed from French passe, from passer.

(games) pass (I refuse to bet or bid or play)


crown

en-verb

crown (third-person singular simple present crowns, present participle crowning, simple past and past participle crowned)

crowns (present singular third-person)
crowning (participle present)
crowned (participle past)
crowned (past)

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

(video games) To shoot an opponent in the back of the head with a shotgun in a first-person shooter video game.

ampua päähän

video games: to shoot in the back of the head

“Crown me!” I said, as I moved my checker to the back row.

(board games) In checkers, to stack two checkers to indicate that the piece has become a king.

merkata

checkers: to stack two checkers to indicate that the piece has become a king


run

en-verb

run (third-person singular simple present runs, present participle running, simple past ran, past participle run or (nonstandard, colloquial) ran)

runs (present singular third-person)
running (participle present)
ran (past)
run (participle past)
ran (colloquial nonstandard participle past)
run (infinitive)

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen,
yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”) (compare also *rannijaną (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”).
Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), Alemannic German ränne (“to run”), German rennen (“to run, race”), rinnen (“to flow”), Rhein, Danish rende (“to run”), Swedish ränna (“to run”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

purjehtia myötätuuleen

to sail a boat with the wind coming from behind

hold with the hare and run with the hounds

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

the course of true love never did run smooth

you can't run with the hare and hunt with the hounds

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

(transitive, juggling, colloquial) To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly.

pyörittää

juggling: to juggle a pattern continuously


run

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal part of a step”

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal distance of a set of stairs”

This was my first successful run without losing any health.

That NPC bugged out and killed my run.

A literal or figurative path or course for movement relating to:

(video games, speedrunning) A playthrough, or attempted playthrough; a session of play.

partida

video games: playthrough, session of play

(card games) A sequence of cards in a suit in a card game.


sharp

en-adj

sharp (comparative sharper, superlative sharpest)

sharper (comparative)
sharpest (superlative)

bland

antonym(s) of “having an intense and acrid flavour”

From Middle English scharp, from Old English sċearp, from Proto-West Germanic *skarp, from Proto-Germanic *skarpaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with West Frisian skerp, Low German scharp, Dutch scherp, German scharf, Danish skarp. Compare Irish cearb (“keen; cutting”), Latin acerbus (“tart, bitter”), Tocharian B kärpye (“rough”), Latvian skârbs (“sharp, rough”), Russian щерба (ščerba, “notch”), Polish szczerba (“gap, dent, jag, chip, nick, notch”), Albanian harb (“rudeness”). More at shear.

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

Time and time again, the amateur player has lost the opportunity to make the really best move because he felt bound to follow some chess "rule" he had learned, rather than to make the sharp move which was indicated by the position.

1963, Max Euwe, Chess Master Vs. Chess Amateur, page xviii:

In such situations most chess players choose the obvious and logical way: they go in for sharp play. However, not everyone is a natural attacking player[…]

1975, Luděk Pachman, Decisive Games in Chess History, page 64:


北

ja-noun

北(ペー) • (pē)

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


house

en-noun

house (countable and uncountable, plural houses or (dialectal) housen or (chiefly humorous) hice)

houses (plural)
housen (dialectal plural)
hice (humorous plural)

Chinese Pidgin English: houso

Nigerian Pidgin: haus

Tok Pisin: haus

Sranan Tongo: oso
→ Dutch: osso

→ Cantonese: house (hau¹ si²)

→ Japanese: ハウス (hausu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-der.?
Proto-Germanic *hūsą
Proto-West Germanic *hūs
Old English hūs
Middle English hous
English house
From Middle English hous, hus, from Old English hūs (“dwelling, shelter, house”), from Proto-West Germanic *hūs, from Proto-Germanic *hūsą (compare Scots hoose, West Frisian hûs, Dutch huis, German Haus, German Low German Huus, Danish hus, Faroese hús, Icelandic hús, Norwegian Bokmål hus, Norwegian Nynorsk hus and Swedish hus), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kews-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English meson, measoun (“house”), borrowed from Old French maison (“house”). More at hose.
The uncommon plural form housen is from Middle English husen, housen. (The Old English nominative plural was simply hūs.)

huis

debating chamber for government politicians

a house divided against itself cannot stand

it takes a heap of living to make a house a home

it takes a heap o' livin' to make a house a home

it takes a lot of living to make a house a home

the call is coming from inside the house

use the master's tools to dismantle the master's house

One more, sir, then I'll have to stop serving you – rules of the house, I'm afraid.

The house always wins.

The farce comedy which followed, When We're Married by Charles Burnham, was heartily praised, with the character man singled out for special extollation. The production filled the house.

1964, “Northwest Ohio Quarterly”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 36, page 185:

Frazier and Gary worked for me for free — for six months — they didn't take any money from the house. They worked for tips.

1977 August 27, Steve Savage, Susan "Suki" Eagan, “Everything You Wanted to Know About Suki, But Were Too Distracted In Chaps to Ask Her”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 8, page 9:

en:building housing something other than humans

en:place of public accommodation or entertainment

A building used for something other than a residence (typically with qualifying word).

A place of public accommodation or entertainment, especially a public house, an inn, a restaurant, a theatre, or a casino; or the management thereof.

(chess, now rare) A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.

(American football, slang, with “the”) The end zone.


massé

(billiards, snooker) A stroke made with the cue held vertically that causes a billiard ball to move in an arc.


仕

See 士 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar, gentleman"

(xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩡 (on the red side)


南

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of south wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


wire

en-noun

wire (countable and uncountable, plural wires)

→ Gulf Arabic: واير (wāyir)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vaier, wire

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vaier, wire

→ Swedish: vajer, wire

From Middle English wir, wyr, from Old English wīr (“wire, metal thread, wire-ornament”), from Proto-Germanic *wīraz (“wire”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁iros (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”).

score string

object used to keep the score in billiards

(billiards) A wire strung with beads and hung horizontally above or near the table which is used to keep score.


suit

desc

→ Kashubian: sut (Canada, United States)

→ Swahili: suti

From Middle English sute, borrowed from Anglo-Norman suite and Old French sieute, siute (modern suite), originally a participle adjective from Vulgar Latin *sequita (for secūta), from Latin sequi (“to follow”), because the component garments "follow each other", i.e. are worn together. See also the doublet suite. Cognate with Italian seguire and Spanish seguir. Related to sue and segue.

(by extension) A garment or set of garments suitable and/or required for a given task or activity: space suit, boiler suit, protective suit, swimsuit.

To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort
Her mingled suits and sequences.

(card games) Each of the sets of a pack of cards distinguished by color and/or specific emblems, such as the spades, hearts, diamonds, or clubs of traditional Anglo, Hispanic, and French playing cards.

pak

card games: set of cards distinguished by color and emblems

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Vicissitude of Things”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit of weather comes again.


snow

en-verb

snow (third-person singular simple present snows, present participle snowing, simple past snowed or (dialectal) snew, past participle snowed or (dialectal) snown)

snows (present singular third-person)
snowing (participle present)
snowed (past)
snew (dialectal past)
snowed (participle past)
snown (dialectal participle past)

From Middle English snow, snaw, from Old English snāw (“snow”), from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz (“snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”), from the root *sneygʷʰ-.
Cognate with Scots snaw (“snow”), West Frisian snie (“snow”), Dutch sneeuw (“snow”), German Schnee (“snow”), Danish sne (“snow”), Norwegian snø (“snow”), Swedish snö (“snow”), Icelandic snjór (“snow”), Latin nix (“snow”), Russian снег (sneg), Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha), dialectal Albanian nehë (“place where the snow melts”), Sanskrit स्नेह (snéha, “oil, grease”).
The extended senses all trace back to the appearance of the weather phenomenon.

cog

(poker) To bluff in draw poker by refusing to draw any cards.


full

en-adj

full (comparative fuller or more full, superlative fullest or most full)

fuller (comparative)
more full (comparative)
fullest (superlative)
most full (superlative)

empty

antonym(s) of “containing the maximum possible amount”

empty

antonym(s) of “satisfied, in relation to eating”

→ Gulf Arabic: فُل (ful)

→ Japanese: フル

From Middle English ful, from Old English full (“full”), from Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”).
Germanic cognates include West Frisian fol, Low German vull, Dutch vol, German voll, Danish fuld, and Norwegian and Swedish full (the latter three via Old Norse). Proto-Indo-European cognates include English plenty (via Latin, compare plēnus), Welsh llawn, Russian по́лный (pólnyj), Lithuanian pilnas, Persian پر (por), Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇá).
See also fele and Scots fou (whence the English doublet fou (“drunk”)). For the "drunk, intoxicated" sense, compare also Swedish full and other Scandinavian languages.

fool (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

nervous as a long-tailed cat in a room full of rocking chairs

nines full of aces (three nines and two aces)

I'll beat him with my kings full! (three kings and two unspecified cards of the same rank)

(poker, postnominal) Said of the three cards of the same rank in a full house.


full

pl-adj

full (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of ful


full

full (nominative singular)
fulle (nominative plural)
fullu (genitive singular)
fulli (genitive plural)
fullowi (dative singular)
fullom (dative plural)
full (accusative singular)
fulle (accusative plural)
fullem (instrumental singular)
fullami (instrumental plural)
fullu (locative singular)
fullach (locative plural)
fullu (singular vocative)
fulle (plural vocative)


menu

→ Cebuano: menu

→ Gulf Arabic: منيو (minyu)

→ Japanese: メニュー

→ Thai: เมนู (mee-nuu)

→ Tok Pisin: menyu

Borrowed from French menu. Doublet of menudo and minute.

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(computing, gaming) A list from which the user may select an operation to be performed, often done with a keyboard, mouse, or controller under a graphical user interface

قَائِمَة

computing: list from which the user may select an operation to be performed


menu

(computing, video games) menu (list from which the user may select an operation to be performed)


白

⟨siro₁⟩ → */sirʷo/ → /ɕiro/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *siro.
The standalone apophonic form of shira below.


白

白 (canonical)
白 (canonical)
haku (romanization)

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of white dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


mash

en-verb

mash (third-person singular simple present mashes, present participle mashing, simple past and past participle mashed)

mashes (present singular third-person)
mashing (participle present)
mashed (participle past)
mashed (past)

From Middle English mashen, maschen, meshen, from Old English *māsċan, *mǣsċan, from Proto-Germanic *maiskijaną. Cognate with German maischen. Compare also Middle Low German meskewert, mēschewert (“beerwort”).

(transitive, informal, gaming) To press (a button) rapidly and repeatedly.


傌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

Han compound

(xiangqi) horse; knight: 🩣 (on the red side)


傌

(historical) a kind of punishment during the Han Dynasty


live

en-adj

live (comparative more live, superlative most live)

more live (comparative)
most live (superlative)

As a beginner, when you are in a hand, you should practice counting your outs, or those live cards left in the deck that can improve your hand.

2005, Alison M. Pendergast, Play Winning Poker in No Time, page 57:

(card games) Of a card: not yet dealt or played.

Tommy's blind was live, so he was given the option to raise.

(poker) Being a bet which can be raised by the bettor, usually in reference to a blind or straddle.


note

en-noun

note (countable and uncountable, plural notes)

From Middle English note, from Old English not, nōt (“note, mark, sign”) and Old French note (“letter, note”), both from Latin nota (“mark, sign, remark, note”).

(rhythm games) An indication which players have to click, type, hit, tap or do other actions if it appears


list

sh-noun

lȋst m (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст, diminutive lìstić)

lȋst (canonical masculine)
ли̑ст (Cyrillic)
lìstić (diminutive)
lȋst (nominative singular)
lȉstovi (nominative plural)
lista (genitive singular)
lȉstōvā (genitive plural)
listu (dative singular)
listovima (dative plural)
list (accusative singular)
listove (accusative plural)
listu (singular vocative)
listovi (plural vocative)
listu (locative singular)
listovima (locative plural)
listom (instrumental singular)
listovima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).


short

en-adj

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

shorter (comparative)
shortest (superlative)

tall

antonym(s) of “having a small distance between ends or edges”

tall

antonym(s) of “of a person, of comparatively little height”

long

antonym(s) of “cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman”

long

antonym(s) of “financial position expecting falling value”

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognates
shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”) and Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

(gambling) Of betting odds, offering a small return for the money wagered.


東

From Mandarin 東／东 (dōng).
Compare Wu 東／东 (ton), Hakka 東／东 (tûng), Min Nan 東／东 (tong).

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


beard

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English berd, bard, bærd, from Old English beard, from Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz (compare West Frisian burd, Dutch baard, German Bart). Cognate further to Latin barba, Lithuanian barzda, Russian борода́ (borodá): the word may date to Proto-Indo-European as *bʰardʰeh₂, *bʰh₂erdʰeh₂. Doublet of barb.

What are you talking about, I should be the beard? I don't wanna be a beard.

1984, Woody Allen, Broadway Danny Rose, spoken by Danny Rose (Woody Allen):

(slang, originally gambling) A fake customer or companion; an intermediary.

One who helps to conceal infidelity in a monogamous relationship by acting as a cover.

One could also speculate that Linda also served as Cole's shield (or "beard") against his possibly being disinherited by his disapproving (of sissies) millionaire grandfather and doting mom, both of whom wanted him to be a lawyer.

1991 December 1, Rudy Grillo, “Who's The Top?”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 20, page 8:

Charlotte: Smith is not gay.
Miranda: Of course not.
Charlotte: So this makes you his beard.

2004 February 1, Aury Wallington, “The Cold War”, in Sex and the City, season 6, episode 17:

In an interview with Net a Porter, Delevingne said that “one of the first things Harvey Weinstein ever said to me was, ‘You will never make it in this industry as a gay woman – get a beard.’”

2019 September 16, Harvey Weinstein, quotee, “Harvey Weinstein told Cara Delevingne to ‘get a beard’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(LGBTQ) A woman who accompanies a gay man, or a man who accompanies a lesbian, in order to give the impression that the person being accompanied is heterosexual.

To get his way, Roberts employed a bit of developer's cunning: rather than approach Galardi directly, he sent a friend, Alan Meyers, as a “beard”.

2024 February 3, Joshua Chaffin, “Glossy new neighbourhood rises from a seedy slice of Miami vice”, in FT Weekend, page 10:


中

(mahjong) Short for 紅中 (honchun): a red dragon tile

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand combination”) with a meld of red dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


刷

/t͡sʰaːt̚³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰat̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰat̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(u/i)t (“to wipe, sweep, rub, scrub”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བཤུད (bshud, “to wipe”), Burmese သုတ် (sut, “idem”) (though STEDT mistakenly puts down 恤 (OC *sqʰʷiɡ, “to sympathize, compensate”) for the Chinese character instead).

och-l

刷錢／刷钱

刷車器／刷车器 ― shuā chē qì ― car spawner


兵

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 斤 (“a short axe”) + 廾 (“2 hands”) – a pair of hands holding a weapon. Unrelated to 丘.

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩦 (on the red side)


升

升 (canonical)
升 (canonical)
masu (romanization)
chīto (romanization)

From the similarity of the character to the katakana チート (chīto, “cheat”).


劫

劫 (canonical)
kō (romanization)
kofu (romanization)
こふ (hiragana historical)

/kopu/ → /kofu/ → */kowu/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep), short form of 劫波 (MC kjaep pa), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “aeon”).

(Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology


劫

(go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely


劫

劫 (canonical)
gō (romanization)
gofu (romanization)
ごふ (hiragana historical)

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → */ɡowu/ → /ɡoː/
Possibly a shift from kō above.


到

遘
告
至
甲
各
格
𢓜
佫
徦
假
臵

(Hokkien, mahjong, playing cards) to complete a winning hand


后

Oracle bone inscriptions often wrote 后 as 毓, depicting a woman giving birth. Wang Guowei posits the meaning extended from childbirth to succession, then to empress. In the modern form, the birthing figure would be 𠂆 and the child figure 𠮛.
According to Kōjien and 学研漢和大字典, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 人 (“person (variant form)”) + 口 (“hole”) — a depiction of a person's (人) anus, with the additional meaning of “behind”, “rear”, as well as coming to mean “emperor/empress”, who would live in a palace “behind” worldly troubles.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Cognate with Tibetan གོ (go, “head; headman”), མགོ (mgo, “head, top, beginning”).


mark

mark (indefinite nominative singular)
marks (genitive indefinite singular)
marken (definite nominative singular)
markens (definite genitive singular)
marker (indefinite nominative plural)
markers (genitive indefinite plural)
markerna (definite nominative plural)
markernas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish mark, from Old Norse mǫrk, from Proto-Germanic *markō, from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”). Cognate with Latin margo (“border, edge”), Old Irish mruig, bruig (“border, march”).


卒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (卒):
* → Japanese: 卒(そつ) (sotsu)
* → Korean: 졸(卒) (jol)
* → Vietnamese: tốt (卒)

There were 5 forms of 卒 in Shang oracle bone script (Qiu, 1990; Xuan, 2012):
# : same as 衣 (“clothes”) (> Western Zhou bronze script );
# : a crisscross 衣 - a completed clothing;
# (卒): ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 衣 (“clothes”) with a mark - a completed clothing to be folded (> Warring States bronze script ; Chu slip and silk script );
# (𧙻): phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): 衣 (“clothes”) + 聿 (OC *b·lud) (hand (又) holding a brush);
# ,: 𧙻 having 又 omitted.
The brush shape in form (5) was often placed upside down. Later the inverted brush shape was mistaken as 又 and then moved to the top as in Chu slip and silk script (𰠄) to avoid obscuration with 袁 (衣 + 又) (Xuan, 2012).
From 遭 (OC *ʔsluː, “to meet”) + nominal suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

(xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩭 (on the black side)


啄

drive a hard bargain
drive a hard bargain

(Hokkien, business, gambling) to drive a hard bargain; to economically take advantage of; to exploit economically; to penny-pinch; to profiteer; to swindle; to cheat; to be stingy/miserly with (such as overpricing to favor sellers or undervaluing to favor buyers)


嗊

(xiangqi, Hokkien) general or marshal; the king piece (on the black side) or the chief piece (on the red side)


合

Sino-Xenic (合):
* → Vietnamese: hợp (合)

Burmese language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 亼 + 口 (“mouth”) : Two mouths speaking together. See also 會.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gap ~ kap. Compare 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “to cover”) and 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to unite”) (STEDT). Outside of Sinitic, possibly cognate with Burmese ကပ် (kap, “to approach”).


stop

(uncountable) a game in which the players write on paper one word from each category (animal, fruit, etc.), all beginning with the same letter, as quickly as possible. In Spanish: tutti frutti

(stock market) stop loss order (order to close one’s position if the market drops to a specified price level)

Precisamos dar um stop na nossa preguiça.

(Brazil, colloquial) stop; end (the act of putting a stop to something)

Ia sendo atropelado, porque o condutor não parou no stop.

I was almost run over because the driver did not stop at the stop sign.


stop

said by a player of the game of stop to cease the current turn, after which the players count how many words they wrote

CEP

cidade, estado, país; city, state, country

of meaning a category in the game of stop


上

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Ideogram (指事): a line above another (contrast 下 (xià)) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”) (STEDT).
Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin. Pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻 (xiéyùn), i.e. its pronunciation has been artificially changed to preserve rhymes in classical poetry.

cog

(mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow


u

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-u.wav

(children's games) a game consists of two teams, where the offensive player has to chant ⟨u⟩ during offense


呢

吶
膩
逆
爾
邇
le
年
哖

(Hong Kong Cantonese, gaming) levels (in a video game)


吃

Wutunhua: qe

→ Japanese: 吃(チー) (chī)

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound 形聲／形声 (xíngshēng): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).
According to folk etymologies, 乞 in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare 气, which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.

吃得苦中苦，方為人上人／吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

chī de kǔ zhōng kǔ, fāng wéi rén shàng rén


吃

From Mandarin 吃 (chī, literally “to eat”).

(mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, “sequence of three suited tiles”), compare English chow


味

味 (canonical)
aji (romanization)
adi (romanization)
あぢ (hiragana historical)

/adi/ → /ad͡ʑi/ → /aʑi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *anti.

味が悪い

(go) aji, the ‘flavour’ or lingering possibilities of a position

(go) bad aji, a lingering weakness in a position


包

Sino-Xenic (包):
* → Vietnamese: bao (包)

→ English: bao, bau, bow, pao, pau

⇒ Khmer: នំប៉ាវ (num paaw)

⇒ Lao: ກະລາເປົ໋າ (ka lā pao)

→ Malay: pau

⇒ Thai: ซาลาเปา (saa-laa-bpao)

Pictogram (象形) – a fetus (巳 (sì)) in the womb (勹), or a swaddled baby. Shuowen gives both interpretations.


rupee

Coined by Sher Shah Suri, the Sultan of the Suri Empire 1540–1545 as Hindustani रुपीया / رُوپِییَہ (rūpīya), variant of रुपया / رُوپَیَہ (rūpaya, “rupee”), from Sanskrit रूप्यक (rūpyaka, “silver coin”), from रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought gold or silver; stamped coin; beautiful, well-shaped; impressed, stamped”). Doublet of rufiyaa and rupiah.

der

In fact, the visible appearance of the iron is a symbol; it is not what it ultimately is. To take an analogy we are given a ten-rupee note. He knows it truly who at sight recognizes the piece of paper as a symbol of unity that represents ten separate silver coins.

1937, Rabindranath Tagore, “Lecture II: Supreme Man”, in Man: Lectures Delivered at the Andhra University under the Terms of the Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy Endowment (Andhra University Series; no. 16), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh: Kitabistan, published 1946, →OCLC, pages 37–38:

In the fifth and sixth [standard] I obtained scholarships of rupees four and ten respectively, an achievement for which I have to thank good luck more than my merit.

1948, Mohandas K[aramchand] Gandhi, “At the High School”, in Mahadev Desai, transl., Gandhi’s Autobiography, or, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, →OCLC; reprinted as An Autobiography; or The Story of My Experiments with Truth, New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2007, →ISBN, page 12:

There are no precise estimates available about the capital requirements of agricultural and rural development in India. But the amount required is in hundreds of thousands of crores of rupees.

1999, Katar Singh, “Financing Rural Development”, in Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management, 2nd edition, New Delhi: SAGE Publications, published 2005, →ISBN, page 290:

The Seychelles rupee was allowed to depreciate in 2006 after being overvalued for years and fell by 10% in the first 9 months of 2007. Despite these actions, the Seychelles economy has struggled to maintain its gains and in 2008 suffered from food and oil price shocks, a foreign exchange shortage, high inflation, large financing gaps, and the global recession.

2013, “Strategic and Development Profiles”, in Seychelles Business Law Handbook, volumes 1 (Strategic Information and Basic Laws), Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, →ISBN, page 15:

The common name for the monetary currencies used in modern India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, or Sri Lanka.

paisa (1

modern Indian, Nepali, & Pakistani currencies

(video games) The primary currency of Hyrule.


drag

en-noun

drag (countable and uncountable, plural drags)

From Middle English draggen (“to drag”), early Middle English dragen (“to draw, carry”), confluence of Old English dragan (“to drag, draw, draw oneself, go, protract”) and Old Norse draga (“to draw, attract”); both from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, drag”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Verb sense influenced due to association with the noun drag (“that which is hauled or dragged”), related to Low German dragge (“a drag-anchor, grapnel”). Cognate with Danish drægge (“to dredge”), Danish drage (“to draw, attract”), Swedish dragga (“to drag, drag anchor, sweep”), Swedish draga (“to draw, go”), Icelandic draga (“to drag, pull”). Doublet of draw.

cog

(countable, snooker) A large amount of backspin on the cue ball, causing the cue ball to slow down.

træk

snooker: large amount of backspin on the cue ball

(billiards) A push somewhat under the centre of the cue ball, causing it to follow the object ball a short way.


drag

drag (indefinite nominative singular)
drags (genitive indefinite singular)
draget (definite nominative singular)
dragets (definite genitive singular)
drag (indefinite nominative plural)
drags (genitive indefinite plural)
dragen (definite nominative plural)
dragens (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish dragh, from Old Norse drag, related to the verb draga (“to pull, draw”).


mare

French language
Latin language
Occitan language
Old Catalan language
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Italic language
Spanish language

From Old Catalan mare, from Latin māter, mātrem, from Proto-Italic *mātēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Compare Occitan maire, French mère, Spanish madre.


婆

Possibly a reduplication of 姥 (uba, “old woman”).


和

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony.
; “and; with”
; “Japanese”

Han compound

和牌


stone

en-noun

stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (UK colloquial, as unit of mass) stone)

stones (plural)
stone (UK colloquial plural)

Sranan Tongo: ston

→ Esperanto: ŝtono

From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also West Frisian stien, Saterland Frisian Steen, Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.

cog

(board games) A playing piece made of any hard material, used in various board games such as backgammon and go.

քար

piece of hard material used in board games


home

From Middle English hōm, from Old English hām, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home, village”), from Proto-Indo-European *tḱóymos (“village, home”), from the root *tḱey-. Doublet of heyem.
cognates
Germanic cognates: see *haimaz.
Cognate with Irish caoimh (“dear”), Lithuanian kaimas (“village”), šeima (“family”), Albanian komb (“nation, people”), Old Church Slavonic сѣмь (sěmĭ, “seed”), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (kittari, “it lies”), Ancient Greek κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”), Latin civis (“citizen”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬈 (saēte, “he lies, rests”), Sanskrit शये (śáye, “he lies”)).

cog

The object of Sorry! is to get all four of your pawns to your home.

(board games) The ultimate point aimed at in a progress; the goal.


地

地 (canonical)
ji (romanization)
ぢ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 地 (dijᴴ). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin dì.


尖

小 (“small”) + 大 (“large”) – the width of an object gradually changing from small to large.
Schuessler (2007) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjam (“iron”).


寄

→ Vietnamese: gửi

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krals): semantic 宀 (“house”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral) ― living away from home.
;"to commit to one's charge" (Lunyu), "to entrust, communicate" (Liji), > "send (a letter)"
;"translator, interpreter" > "an alternate name used for the Dongyi tribes during the Ming Dynasty"


artificial

en-adj

artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial)

more artificial (comparative)
most artificial (superlative)

→ Welsh: artiffisial

/ˌɑː(ɹ).təˈfɪʃ.əl/

[ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl]

From Middle English artificial (“man-made”) via Old French (modern French artificiel), from Latin artificiālis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”). Displaced native Old English cræftlīċ.

An artificial bid doesn't necessarily show length in the suit being bid, it has an altogether different meaning.

1999, Edwin B. Kantar, Eddie Kantar Teaches Advanced Bridge Defense, page 191:

North makes an artificial call of 3♧, the cheapest suit at the 3 level, to show a very poor hand. What North holds in clubs doesn't matter at all.

2008, David Galt, Teach Yourself Visually Bridge, page 219:

(bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand.


寶

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 宀 (“house”) + 𤣩 (“jade”) + 貝 (“cowry”) – treasures in a house.
The phonetic component 缶 (OC *puʔ) was added to the character in bronze inscriptions.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pəw (“price”); cognate with Burmese အဖိုး (a.hpui:, “price”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Peiros and Starostin (1996) also compares it to Tibetan སྤུས (spus, “goods”). Sagart (1999) relates it to 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”). Schuessler (2007) proposes that it could be the same word as 保 (OC *puːʔ, “to take care of; to consider something precious”).

och-l

宝
*寳
珤
𤥖
㻄
𡧖
宲
𡩧
𡧰
寚
𪧬
𡪓
𡫷
𤥯
𤨷
𠋾
𠍙
𢉣
𢉔
𢉹
𫴫
𫴦
𫴅
𡫿
𡫷
𫳽
𭔟
靌
𩇉


帥

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 寻 (“two hands”) + 巾 (“scarf”) - to wear a scarf. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sruds, *srud): phonetic 𠂤 (*C.tˤuj) + semantic 巾.
Also written as 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud, “to lead”); both represent the s-causative of 律 (OC *rud, “to follow”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད (srid, “commander, leader”).

cog

(xiangqi) marshal: 🩠, the chief piece (on the red side)


征

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ): semantic 彳 + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight”). Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意).
Simplified from 徵 (徵 → 正) as well as existing already as a traditional character.
From 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight”); see there for more.


hart

head

hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)

hairt (genitive singular)
hairt (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
hart (indefinite singular)
hairt (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a hairt (indefinite singular)
a harta (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
hairt (indefinite singular)
hart (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an hart (definite singular)
na hairt (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an hairt (definite singular)
na hart (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an hart (definite singular)
don hart (definite singular)
leis na hairt (definite plural)


penultimate

From a substantivation of the above adjective. Equivalent to Latin paenultimus + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

af

Penultimate, the. — Beginning with the lowest card but one of the suit you lead originally, if it contains more than four cards.

1876, Arthur Campbell-Walker, The Correct Card, Glossary page xiii:

(uncommon) A penult, a next to last, particularly:

(card games, uncommon) The penultimate (next to lowest) card in a suit.


役

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

(card games, mahjong) hand, scoring combination


將

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on a small cutting board and/or sacrifical table. 爿 partly indicates pronunciation and doesn't represent a bed in this character. The sacrifical meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.
The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.
Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).
A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.
; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)
; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)
; anteposed object introductory particle

Han compound

將死

将死


將

(xiangqi) general; king: 🩧 (on the black side)


將

tướng (romanization)
tương (romanization)

Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black”).


夫

For pronunciation and definitions of 夫 – see 伕.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 伕).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
Short for 夫佬 (fu¹ lou²).

zh-see

(Cantonese, informal, card games) full house


抽

desc

→ Mongolian: татах (tatax, “to inhale”) (semantic loan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
The slang sense is short for 抽風／抽风 (chōufēng).

Han compound

將軍抽車

将军抽车


插

(Mainland China Hokkien, card games) to shuffle


怪

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (怪):
* → Japanese: 怪(かい) (kai)
* → Vietnamese: quái (怪)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːds): semantic 忄 + phonetic 圣 (OC *kʰuːd).
怪 (OC *kwrêh; *kwêh) seemingly had the same OC rhyme as 傀 (OC *kûi); They may be variants (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

打怪

non-player character
non-player character

(video games) Short for 怪物 (guàiwu, “monster, a non-player character that player(s) fight against in role-playing games”).


掛

挂
挂
罣
𦊱
絓
𫭳
𭁹

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident

(video games) cheating plug-in or software


女

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (女):
* → Japanese: 女(じょ) (jo)
* → Korean: 여(女) (yeo)
* → Vietnamese: nữ (女)

Pictogram (象形): a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side: enclosed area is remnant of left breast (character's left, depicted woman's right), while right breast has disappeared.
Graphically cognate to 母 (mǔ, “mother”) and 毋, which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts. Compare Egyptian 𓁐.
Similar but unrelated to 卩, in which the person kneeling has unspecified gender.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nja-ŋ/k (“woman”). Compare Tibetan ཉག་མོ (nyag mo, “woman”) (Hill, 2019).
Pronunciation 2 is an exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).

(Cantonese, card games) queen (Classifier: 張／张 c; 隻／只 c)


栄

Invented for Japanese mahjong by Rin Mokō 林茂光 from such a call from some regions of China, after he found that the usual call in Mandarin 和 (hú) was problematic for Japanese speakers. He adopted the character 栄 as ateji, but later discovered that the original character for this sound was 攏 (lǒng). Nevertheless, the character 栄 remained and was accepted as standard.

(mahjong) Short for 栄和 (ronhō): a win by picking up an opponent's discarded tile


服

Sino-Xenic (服):
* → Japanese: 服(ふく) (fuku)
* → Korean: 복(服) (bok)
* → Vietnamese: phục (服)

Characters in the same phonetic series (服) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯɡ): semantic 凡 (“tray”) + phonetic 𠬝 (*[b]ək, “to subdue”) – to serve. 凡 here has been corrupted into 舟 and subsequently 月.


棋

→ Lü: ᦌᦲᧉ (sii²)

/kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/

Characters in the same phonetic series (其) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ): semantic 木 (“wooden”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).

Han compound

我們連下了三局棋。

我们连下了三局棋。

board game, usually excluding those played with cards (牌 (pái))

an instance of playing such games (Classifier: 局; 盤／盘)

落棋無悔／落棋无悔

You should not take back your (Go) stone once it is dropped.

Don't just only think of capturing the opponent's pieces.

不要光想著吃對方的棋。

不要光想着吃对方的棋。

In chess, each player has sixteen pieces.

Zài guójìxiàngqí zhōng, měirén yǒu shíliù méi qí.

在國際象棋中，每人有十六枚棋。

在国际象棋中，每人有十六枚棋。

hai² gwok³ zai³ zoeng⁶ kei⁴⁻² dou⁶, mui⁵ jan⁴ jau⁵ sap⁶ luk⁶ zek³ kei⁴⁻².

喺國際象棋度，每人有十六隻棋。

喺国际象棋度，每人有十六只棋。

piece; counter used in such games (Classifier: 枚 m; 隻／只 c)

圍棋／围棋

跳棋 ― tiàoqí ― checkers

Reversi is a board game invented in the 19th century.

Hēibáiqí shì 19 shìjì fāmíng de yī zhǒng qí.

黑白棋是19世紀發明的一種棋。

黑白棋是19世纪发明的一种棋。


桐

桐 (canonical)
桐 (canonical)
kiri (romanization)

From Old Japanese. The tree may have been imported from China prior to the Nara period.
The term might be from 切り (kiri, “cutting”), from the way that the tree is quick to send out shoots after being cut.
Some sources also speculate that this might be from some term 木理 (*kiri, “wood grain”) in reference to the desirable grain of this wood. However, 木理 is only attested with the reading mokuri, not kiri; also, the term is not attested until the 1830s, before which the Japanese terms for wood grain were 木目 (mokume, from the mid-1500s) or 木目 (kime, from the 1200s).

(card games) the paulownia suit in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of December


槓

English: kong

Japanese: 槓(カン) (kan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs).


槓

(mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles

(mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong):

for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile

for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn

for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand


松

松 (canonical)
matsu (romanization)
matu (romanization)
まつ (hiragana historical)

Kojiki
Kyūjitai
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
Ōsaka

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 and the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *matu.
Various theories exist regarding its ultimate origin:
* Might be a shift from 保つ (tamotsu, “to hold”). However, the accent of 保つ (tamotsu) in the Heian period is HHL, while 松 (matsu) is LH. It can be better derived from 持つ (motsu, “to hold, to carry”), which has LF accent in the Heian period.
* Might be from 待つ (matsu, “to wait”), either from the way that a pine tree must wait for leaves to fall to grow new ones, or from the way that it lasts ten thousand years and preserves its color. The accent of 待つ (matsu) is LF.
* Possibly derived from 全く (mataku, “entirely”), from 全い (matai, “complete”), because it spends its time in the snow for winter. However, the classical term 全し (matasi) is HHF in the Heian period.
* From 睫毛 (matsuge, “eyelashes”), since their leaves represent such. However, it requires deletion of the -ge, and matsuge is certainly from 目 (ma-, “eye”).
* From 真常木 (matonoki, “true eternal tree”), as the pine tree is an evergreen tree.
* From a place name 松のむらたち (MATSU no muratachi), as opposed to muratatsu.
* From 芽厚 (meatsu, literally “bud (that feels) hot”).
* From 纏わる (matsuwaru, “get wrapped around”), as the leaves are around the trunk.
* From 真 (ma-, “true”) + つ (tsu, abbreviation of 約まる (tsuzumaru, “to shrink”)).
* From 間千 (machi, literally “space (of) thousands”).
* A shift from 股 (mata, “crouch”), as the pine tree leaves split into two.

(card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of January


氪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 气 (“air; gas”) + phonetic 克 (kè).

(video games, informal) Short for 氪金 (kèjīn, “to pay a premium in a freemium game”).


歩

(shogi, colloquial) a foot soldier (piece that can move one space forward), erroneously called as the equivalent of the pawn in Western chess


槍

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of 遣る (yaru, “to do, execute → to kill”).

(shogi) common name for the 香車 (kyōsha, “lance”)


桜

桜 (canonical)
桜 (canonical)
sakura (romanization)

桜切る馬鹿梅切らぬ馬鹿

foolish to prune cherry trees but not to prune plum trees

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE.
Originally derived from 咲く (saku, “to bloom, burst open”) + 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).

com

(card games) the suit of cherry blossoms in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of March


梅

梅 (canonical)
梅 (canonical)
ume (romanization)

English: ume

Daijisen
Heian period
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:松村明
Ōsaka

⟨me₂⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume₂⟩ → ⟨ume₂⟩ → */uməɨ/ → /ume/
From Old Japanese.
Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj), with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period, with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for 馬 (ma → *mma → muma → uma, “horse”), likely from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX).

(card games) the suit of plum blossoms in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of February


slingshot

(pinball) A stationary, often triangular object that launches any ball that hits its longest side back at a high force, now usually located above the flipper and between it and the inlane, with one each for both lower flippers.


山

山 (canonical)
山 (canonical)
yama (romanization)

山に躓かずして垤に躓く

yama ni tsumazukazu shite tetsu ni tsumazuku

From Old Japanese 山 (yama). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Reconstructed as deriving in turn from Proto-Japonic *yama (“mountain; forest”).


洗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːlʔ, *sɯːnʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 先 (OC *sɯːn, *sɯːns).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/b-s(j)il ~ *m/b-sjal (“to wash; to bathe”) (STEDT). Cognate with 洒 (OC *sraːls, *sɯːlʔ, “to wash”), Tibetan བསིལ (bsil, “to wash”), Mizo sil (“to wash”); more distant cognates may include Burmese ဆေး (hce:, “to wash”).

inh

洗牌

這些牌還沒洗過。

这些牌还没洗过。


注

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).
Perhaps cognate with 枓, whose original meaning is "spoon, ladle".

Han compound

賭注

赌注


漚

沤
吽
沤
沤
𣧥
臭
𣏓
𩈏
腐
惡

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, gambling) to stake bets with the money won and earned in the match to get double or even more


sequence

en-noun

sequence (countable and uncountable, plural sequences)

From Middle English sequence, borrowed from Old French sequence (“a sequence of cards, answering verses”), from Late Latin sequentia (“a following”), from Latin sequens (“following”), from sequi (“to follow”); see sequent.

der

(card games) A meld consisting of three or more cards of successive ranks in the same suit, such as the four, five and six of hearts.

последователност

meld of three or more cards of successive ranks in the same suit


手

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tay. Compare 目 (me, ma-, “eye”).

2002 March 9, Yumi Hotta with Obata, Takeshi, “第(だい)131(ひゃくさんじゅういち)局(きょく) 試(ため)される伊(い)角(すみ) [Game 131: Isumi’s Endeavor]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 54:

There’s still that move — I gave up too soon

まだそんな手が残ってた——投了は早すぎた

Mada sonna te ga nokotteta—— Tōryō wa hayasugita


手

(board games) counter for moves in shogi, go, etc.


河

河 (canonical)
河 (canonical)
hō (romanization)

From Chinese 河 (hé). The pronunciation is most similar to Cantonese /hɔː²¹/, although most Japanese mahjong terminology is taken from early 20th Century Mandarin.

(mahjong) river: a player's discard pile


fighter

From Middle English fightere, fyghtor, feghtere, feghtare, fiȝtare, fiȝtere, from Old English feohtere. Equivalent to fight + -er.

Still, it's excellent software, especially for one-on-one fighting titles such as the King Of Fighters series, classic Street Fighter II variants, and newer one-on-one fighters such as Garou.

2004, Simon Carless, Gaming Hacks, page 59:

(video games) A game with a focus on physical combat.


殺

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) of a boar that had been impaled in the head.
In the seal script, the original compound was corrupted into 𣏂 (sometimes written as 杀). It was also in the seal script that the pictogram (象形): 人 (“person”) + 又 (“right hand”), which was later corrupted into 殳 (“spear”) or 攴, was added under the head of the boar to specify the killing was done by a person.
The modern-day character inherits this and can be thought of as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːds, *sreːd): phonetic 𣏂 () + semantic 殳 (“spear”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (“to kill”); compare Tibetan བསད (bsad), perfect of Tibetan གསོད (gsod, “to kill”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (“to kill”), Japhug sat (“to kill”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Han compound

杀
𣏂
煞
閷
𢁛
𢽅
𢿹
𢽆
𢼡
𢿔
𢽘
𣪩
𧤿
𧜁

(chess) to mate; short for 將殺／将杀 (jiāngshā) ("to checkmate")


video game

en-verb

video game (third-person singular simple present video games, present participle video gaming, simple past and past participle video gamed)

video games (present singular third-person)
video gaming (participle present)
video gamed (participle past)
video gamed (past)

/ˈvɪdiːəʊ̯ˌɡeɪm/

Soloway coins the “Nintendo Generation” expression, putting the attention on the never-seen-before trait of young people: they are video gaming.

2015, Emanuele Rapetti, Lorenzo Cantoni, “Learners of Digital Era (LoDE): What’s True, and What’s Just Hype About the So-Called Digital Natives”, in Mohamed Ally, Badrul H[uda] Khan, editors, International Handbook of E-learning, volumes 2 (Implementation and Case Studies), New York, N.Y., London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 79:

And Mouse hacked and video gamed.

2018, Nathan Lee Birr, One Life to Lose (The Douglas Files; 7), Beacon Books, LLC, →ISBN, page 75:

He’d logged on once, only for her to demand to know why he was video gaming during a supposed vacation.

2018, Vivienne Savage, Xander (Nova Force; 1), Payne & Taylor:

They may not be engaged because they have fully bought into the existing structures, or because they are video gaming in their dorm rooms, or because they are working multiple jobs to pay for college (or to feed a family).

2019, Rahuldeep Gill, “The Call of Death and the Depth of Our Callings: The Quality of Vocational Discernment”, in David S. Cunningham, editor, Hearing Vocation Differently: Meaning, Purpose, and Identity in the Multi-Faith Academy, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part one (Reframing Vocation: Creating Spaces for New Ways of Hearing), page 86:

This is one of the most common scenarios we see in our center — when a teen or young adult wants to finish high school, or more often college, and they are video gaming 12 hours a day.

2021, David N. Greenfield, “Ten Things You Can Do to Reduce Your Internet Use”, in Overcoming Internet Addiction (For Dummies), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., →ISBN, part 5 (The Part of Tens), page 296:

It means you show up. Whether it’s a diaper change, advising your son about girls, patting his back after a tough sports game, or egging him on to stop slacking off while he’s video gaming.

2021, Kendall Smith, “Step One: Being There”, in Rookie Father: A Playbook for Men Experiencing Fatherhood for the First Time, Familius LLC, →ISBN:

Relatedly, families that video gamed together reported better family satisfaction and closer relationships within the family (Wang et al., 2018).

2022, Marco Rüth, Kai Kaspar, “Educational and Social Exergaming: A Perspective on Physical, Social, and Educational Benefits and Pitfalls of Exergaming at Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Afterwards”, in Pedro L. Almeida, Michael Brach, Ricardo De La Vega, Mauricio Garzon, Julia Maria D’andréa Greve, Margarita Limon, Luis Mochizuki, editors, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Confinement on Physical Activity, Sedentarism, and Rehabilitation, Frontiers Media, →ISBN, page 508, column 1:

His feet were clad in brightly colored sneakers that made her think of the boyish side of him that often emerged when he was video gaming.

2023, Caridad Piñeiro, chapter 10, in Biscayne Bay Breach (South Beach Security; 3), Harlequin Intrigue, →ISBN:


video game

Unadapted borrowing from English video game.

ubor

O jogo não funcionava no meu vídeo game e, sem alternativas, realmente eu precisava da ajuda do meu maior inimigo.

2015, Cido Pisani, Um muro entre nós, Clube de Autores, page 96:


牌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牌):
* → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
* → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
* → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

desc

→ Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)

→ Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)

→ Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)

→ Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)

→ Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)

→ Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)

→ White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)

→ Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breː, *breː): semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Han compound

打牌

洗牌

我就剩一張牌了！

我就剩一张牌了！

(card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c)


子

子 (canonical)
ko (romanization)
人 (counter)

⟨ko₁⟩ → */kʷo/ → /ko/
From Old Japanese, attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), two of the oldest examples of written Japanese.
Cognate with 蚕 (ko, “silkworm”) and possibly 小 (ko, “little”, diminutive prefix).
Possibly cognate with Goguryeo 仇 (*gu), which appears in an ancient place name with an apparent meaning of child.

お子さん: child

when addressing or referring to someone else's

合いの子

child of racial different parent; hybrid organism; something with the qualities of two other things, combination

芋の子

a smaller tuber branching from another potato

(hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games, gambling) person who is dealt cards


炮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (砲／炮):
* → Japanese: 砲(ほう) (hō)
* → Korean: 포(砲) (po)
* → Vietnamese: pháo (砲)

→ Tuvan: боо (boo)

Mongolic:

→ Buryat: буу (buu)

→ Daur: pau

→ Dongxiang: pao

→ Kalmyk: бу (bu)

→ Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠤ (buu) / буу (buu)

Tungusic:

→ Manchu: ᡦᠣᠣ (poo)

→ Nanai: пао (pao)

→ Orok: пау (pau)

→ Ulch: пау

→ Nivkh: пʼау (pʼau)

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː): semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).


rifling

(card games) The act or process of letting playing cards cascade down one at a time towards the table (or one's hand), controlling the speed and flow with one's thumb, which sits on the top edges of the cards.


twenty-one

They were to spend many an evening together sitting round the old kitchen table playing twentyone ….

1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), p. 398


passage

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).

(dice games, historical) A gambling game for two players using three dice, in which the object is to throw a double over ten.


MP

en-noun

MP (countable and uncountable, plural MPs)

(fantasy, roleplaying games, board games, video games) mana points or magic points

roleplaying games; board games; roleplaying games; board games


MP

(video games) Initialism of multiplayer.


game

game (countable and uncountable, plural games)

→ Brazilian Portuguese: game

→ Dutch: gamen, game

→ Irish: géim

→ Japanese: ゲーム

→ Korean: 게임 (geim), 겜 (gem)

→ Norman: gamme

→ Norwegian: gamen, game

→ Spanish: game

→ Welsh: gêm

→ Finnish: geimit

From Middle English game, gamen, gammen, from Old English gamen (“sport, joy, mirth, pastime, game, amusement, pleasure”), from Proto-West Germanic *gaman, from Proto-Germanic *gamaną (“amusement, pleasure, game", literally "participation, communion, people together”), from *ga- (collective prefix) + *mann- (“man”); or alternatively from *ga- + a root from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think, have in mind”).
Cognate with Old Frisian game, gome (“joy, amusement, entertainment”), Middle High German gamen (“joy, amusement, fun, pleasure”), Swedish gamman (“mirth, rejoicing, merriment”), Icelandic gaman (“fun”). Related to gammon, gamble.

cog

en:any playful or competitive activity
en:bonus point for highest hand

(card games) In some games, a point awarded to the player whose cards add up to the largest sum.

kortti

card games: point awarded to the player whose cards add up to the largest sum


game

q

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">gam</i>

English: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)

⇒ Fingallian: gamshoge

Scots: gemme, gem, gyem, game

Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *gamaną
Proto-West Germanic *gaman
Old English gamen
Middle English game
From Old English gamen／gomen, from Proto-West Germanic *gaman, from Proto-Germanic *gamaną, of disputed origin.

etymon

Entertainment or an instance of it; that which is enjoyable:

A game; a codified (and often competitive) form of entertainment.

Sexual or romantic entertainment or activity (including intercourse in itself).

Any kind of event or occurrence; something that happens:

Any kind of activity having competition or rivalry.


game

(Brazil) electronic game (game played on an electronic device, such as a computer game, a video game or the like)


game

trò chơi điện tử
trò chơi điện tử#Vietnamese

(video games) Synonym of trò chơi điện tử (“a video game”)


bullet

en-noun

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

Nakamura is a different animal at 15-minute rapid and five-minute blitz and even more so at one-minute bullet, and in this match he adopted a psychological approach which paid off brilliantly.

2020 August 21, Leonard Barden, “Chess: Carlsen fights back from brink to overcome Nakamura in 38-game epic”, in The Guardian:

Carlsen also has been engaging in online marathons of "bullet chess," exactly the kind of attention-disrupting, energy-draining stunt contenders are supposed to avoid. In a bullet game, each player has only one minute for all the moves. The pace is so rapid the games are hard to watch, much less play.

2021 November 24, Tyler Cowen, “Chess Is an Esport Now. Get Used to It.”, in The Washington Post:

Even today, when they're home, the siblings indulge in a friendly game or two. "We love playing bullet games. It's a format where we make really quick moves," he says, pausing to add, "Think of it like a super over in cricket."

2022 July 27, Srinivasa Ramanujam, “'Feels like a festival': Praggnanandhaa on Chess Olympiad and meeting Rajinikanth”, in The Hindu:

(chess, uncountable) Short for bullet chess.


王

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王):
* → Japanese: 王(おう) (ō)
* → Okinawan: 王(をー) (wō)
* → Korean: 왕(王) (wang)
* → Vietnamese: vương (王)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang)

Cyrillic script: ван (van)

→ Buryat: ван (van)

→ English: Wang (via Mandarin), Wong (via Cantonese), Ong (via Hokkien), Heng (via Teochew)

→ Iu Mien: hungh

→ Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

→ Middle Mongol: (via Early Mandarin)

Uigurjin script: ᠣᠩ (ʾwnk /oŋ/)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 (oŋ) (via Early Mandarin), 𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷 (wʾnk /waŋ/) (via Early Mandarin)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ)

→ Tagalog: Ong (via Hokkien), Wong (via Cantonese), Wang (via Mandarin)

→ Thai: อ๋อง (ɔ̌ng) (via Hokkien)

→ Zhuang: vuengz

Chinese bronze inscriptions
Konyak languages
Zhou dynasty

Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) of a ritual axe made perhaps of jade, a symbols of the king's power. A ceremonial axe was kept near the throne, and was used for performing rituals in ancient China.
The traditional interpretation (most likely a folk etymology given the original appearence of the character) is that the character metaphorically indicates the king or emperor according to the ancient Chinese thought: three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth, and the vertical stroke is the king or emperor, the one who connects them together. However, compare 天 (tiān) (a man with a horizontal stroke above his head to indicate the sky).
Unrelated to 玉 (yù, “a string with three pieces of jade”) and 主 (“master”); partly related to 士 (a war axe and, perhaps, sometimes a variant of 王), to 戉 (an axe drawn vertically), to the inner component of 匡 (kuāng, “square‑shaped bamboo basket”), and to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Uncertain. There are many proposed etymologies:
* Sagart and Baxter (2009) compare it to Tibetan གོང་མ (gong ma, “superior one”).
* Schuessler (2007) compares it to Tibetan དབང (dbang, “strength, power”) and Burmese အန် (an, “strength, power”), which derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-baŋ (“strength, power”). However, reconstructing the Old Chinese as *waŋ, he notes the mismatch between Old Chinese *w- vs. Tibetan *b- (unless *dw- can become db-; for possible *b- ~ * w- variation, see 花). He also compares it to Proto-Northern Naga *waŋ (“chief”).
* Schuessler (2007) alternatively proposes a connection to Old Khmer vāṅ, vaṅ (modern Khmer វាំង (veăng), “royal palace”), which he considers to be cognate with Khmer ហ្លួង (luŏng, “king”). This is perhaps supported by a bronze inscription where 王 refers to a place, not the Zhou king (Shaughnessy, 1991). The semantic shift from "palace" to "king" parallels Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“pharaoh”, literally “palace”), from pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”). The connection to the Old Khmer word would thus relate it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *waŋ ~ *waaŋ (“enclosure; to go round”), which is part of a larger Austroasiatic word family, including 營 (OC *ɢʷeŋ) and 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn). Bodman (1980) connects 王 with 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “sovereign”), which Schuessler (2007) connects to this word family.
* Speculations exist about its connection to 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “lame, crippled”) and 狂 (OC *ɡʷaŋ, “mad”), based on theories about the connection between ancient Chinese kingship and shamanism (Keightley, 1995).


GB

(Internet slang) Initialism of God bless.


handbook

1814, from hand + book, or perhaps a reintroduction of Middle English hond book, hondebooke, from Old English handbōc (“handbook”), or a calque of German Handbuch (“handbook”). Compare Dutch handboek, Danish håndbog, Swedish handbok.

Coordinate term: sportsbook

The extent of the business done in this line is not understood by those who have not looked into it. In New York there are 50 pool rooms and 500 handbooks; in East St. Louis, 20 handbooks; in Chicago, 5 pool rooms and 200 handbooks; […]

1916, U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on interstate commerce, Prevention of Transmission of Race-gambling Bets, page 23:

Persons subject to his rule can be found operating, in addition to the wire service, wire service relays, handbooks, gambling houses, prostitution establishments, coin-operated device companies, bars, restaurants, night clubs, motels, […]

1961, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Gambling and Organized Crime: Hearings:

(US, gambling) A place where illicit bets can be placed.


PS

(video games) Initialism of PlayStation.


PS

en-noun

PS (countable and uncountable, plural PSes or PSs)


番

→ Japanese: 飜(ハン) (han)

→ Vietnamese: phen

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban): phonetic 釆 () + semantic 田 – "animal's footprint in the field"; Xu Shen interprets both components as the pictogram of an animal footprint. Original form of 蹯 (fán).
According to Tadashi Takada (高田忠周), it's the pictogram of some seeds on the palm of an open hand, which conveys the concept of "spreading". Original form of 播.
Neither Xu Shen nor Tadashi Takada interprets the bottom component as the pictogram of a field.
; “to do in turns; turn; time”
; “anime series”

生番

non-Sinicized ethnic minority, barbarian


碰

→ English: pung, pong

→ Japanese: 碰(ポン) (pon)

→ Tagalog: pong

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並.
Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).


碰

Borrowed from Mandarin 碰 (pèng).
Compare Cantonese 碰 (pung³), Hokkien 碰 (phòng).

(mahjong) a call for a 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) from a discarded tile, compare English pung

双碰

two-side wait pattern, winning tile may form a triplet with one or the other pair


煙

Short for 煙士／烟士 (jin¹ si⁶⁻², “(card games) ace”).

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

啤煙／啤烟 [Cantonese] ― pe¹ jin¹ [Jyutping] ― pair of aces

(Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, informal, card games) ace (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 條／条 c)


paper

en-noun

paper (countable and uncountable, plural papers)

Tok Pisin: pepa
→ Rotokas: pepa

→ Dutch: paper

→ Eastern Arrernte: pipe

→ Esperanto: papero
Ido: papero

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Japanese: ペーパー (pēpā)

→ Malay: kertas (semantic loan)

→ Malayalam: പേപ്പർ (pēppaṟ)

→ Maori: pepa

→ Marshallese: peba

→ Mokilese: peipa

→ Niuean: pepa

→ Scottish Gaelic: pàipear

→ Southern Ndebele: iphepha

→ Spanish: paper

→ Swazi: líphepha

→ Xhosa: iphepha

→ Yoruba: bébà, pépà

→ Zulu: iphepha

From Middle English paper, from Anglo-Norman paper, from Old Catalan paper, borrowed from Latin papȳrus (and given the Catalan suffix -er), from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

(rock paper scissors) An open hand (a handshape resembling a sheet of paper), that beats rock and loses to scissors. It loses to lizard and beats Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.

харти́я

open hand in the game of rock paper scissors


盤

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːn): phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 皿.

Han compound

win by opponent's resignation (literally, "mid-game win")

中盤勝

中盘胜


積

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ): semantic 禾 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).
* (to collect; to accumulate): Cognate with Tibetan རྩིག་པ (rtsig pa) (Schuessler, 2007).
* (jack; knave, to jack): From English jack.

Han compound

(Cantonese, card games) jack; knave (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


竜

ja-noun

竜(りゅう) • (ryū)

(shogi, colloquial) Short for 竜王 (ryūō): dragon king; a promoted 角行 (kakugyō, “bishop”) that has the moves of both kakugyō and 王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō)


NES

en-noun

NES (countable and uncountable, plural NESes)

Nintendo Entertainment System
w:Nintendo Entertainment System

(video games) Initialism of Nintendo Entertainment System.


眼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Derived from Etymology 2 (Sagart, 1999). Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) two identical tiles which are an essential part of a legal winning hand


粒

Not attested until a text from the Muromachi period with the spelling ツブ (tsubu).
An earlier form 粒 (tsubi) exists, which might have been the predecessor to this word; both must have been ultimately derived from a source cognate to つぶら (tsubura, “the state of being round and small”, obsolete).


纜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːms): semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ).
Note similarities with 欄 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “railing, balustrade”); see there for more.

Han compound

(gambling, originally Cantonese) martingale (gambling strategy) (Classifier: 條／条 c)


相

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.
An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).
Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).


quest

→ Macedonian: квест (kvest)

→ Russian: квест (kvest)

→ Ukrainian: квест (kvest)

From Middle English quest, queste; partly from Anglo-Norman queste, Old French queste (“acquisition, search, hunt”), and partly from their source, Latin quaesta (“tribute, tax, inquiry, search”), noun use of quaesita, the feminine past participle of quaerere (“to ask, seek”).

der

A journey or effort in pursuit of a goal (often lengthy, ambitious, or fervent); a mission.

(video games) A task that a player may complete in order to gain a reward or advance the story.


file

From French file, from filer (“to spin out, arrange one behind another”), from Latin fīlāre, from filum (“thread”).

(chess) One of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).


繳

缴
缴
筊
徼
賭
檄
儌
九
局


索

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.
糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.
From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


職

回復職 ― kaifuku-shoku ― medic


肝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn): semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn) – a body part.
Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (“bitter; salty; bile; liver”), in which case it would be related to 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs, “bitter”); also compare Proto-Bodo-Garo *bi-ka (“liver”), whence Bodo (India) [script needed] (bi-ka, “liver”), Garo bika (“liver”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kal ~ *s-gal (“lower back; kidney”), whence Tibetan མཁལ་མ (mkhal ma, “kidney”), Mizo kal (“kidney”), Chepang गल् (“kidney”), Burmese ခါး (hka:, “waist”).

cog

This game is attractive, but I really can't grind anymore. It's too grindy.

Zhè yóuxì hěn xīyǐn rén, dàn wǒ shízài gān bù dòng le. Tā tài gān le.

這遊戲很吸引人，但我實在肝不動了。它太肝了。

这游戏很吸引人，但我实在肝不动了。它太肝了。

(video games, neologism) to grind; to repeat a task day and night, which may exhaust the liver, in order to achieve a specific goal


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs or ABC's)

From Middle English abece, ABC, from the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, standing for the whole alphabet.

(poker) A straightforward, uniform playing style, often focusing on betting for value, folding weak hands, and avoiding bluffing.


ABC

American Bowling Congress
w:American Bowling Congress

(historical, bowling) Initialism of American Bowling Congress.


spider

spider (countable and uncountable, plural spiders)

[ˈspʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)]

From Middle English spiþre, spydyr, spider, spiþer, from Old English spīþra (“spider”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinþrijō, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną (“to spin”). Mostly displaced attercop (“spider, unpleasant person”), now a dialectal term.

(snooker, billiards) A stick with a convex arch-shaped notched head used to support the cue when the cue ball is out of reach at normal extension.

(bowls) A competition in which several participants are spread evenly around the edges of the green, who all make one bowl towards the central jack at the same time; the winner being the person whose bowl ends up closest to the jack.


Herz

From Middle High German herze, from Old High German herza. Cognate with German Herz.


Herz

de-noun

Herz n (weak, genitive Herzens or (very rare) Herzes, plural Herzen, diminutive Herzchen n or Herzlein n or ((also) Ruhrpöttisch) Herzken n)

Ruhrpöttisch (also)
Herz (nominative singular)
Herzen (definite nominative plural)
Herzens (genitive singular)
Herzes (genitive rare singular)
Herzen (definite genitive plural)
Herzen (dative singular)
Herz (dative singular)
Herzen (dative definite plural)
Herz (accusative singular)
Herzen (accusative definite plural)

de-ndecl

n,ens:es􂀿rare􂁀.weak.dat:en:-􂀿as a card suit or term of endearment, otherwise informal􂁀

→ Macedonian: херц m (herc)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хе̏рц m

Latin script: hȅrc m

From Middle High German herze, from Old High German herza, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô (“heart”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr (“heart”).
Cognate with Dutch hart, English heart, Danish hjerte, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō).


corazón

From Old Galician-Portuguese coraçon, from Vulgar Latin *corāceōnem, derived from Latin cor.

(card games) heart (a playing card of the suit hearts, corazóns)


corazón

→ Chavacano: corazon

→ Cebuano: korason, Corazon

→ Guaraní: korasõ

→ Hiligaynon: korason

→ Tagalog: Corazon

Inherited from Old Spanish coraçon, from Vulgar Latin *corāceōnem, derived from Latin cor.

(card games) heart (a playing card of the suit hearts, corazones)


cœur

Antillean Creole: kè

Haitian Creole: kè, kœ

→ Polish: kier

Inherited from Middle French coeur, from Old French cuer, from Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.


cœur

From Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.

còr

Novarese, Ticinese, Bregajòt and Poscjavin


萩

萩 (canonical)
萩 (canonical)
hagi (romanization)

(card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of July


δύο

From Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), from Proto-Hellenic *dúwō, from Proto-Indo-European *duwó, *duwéh₃ (*dwóh₁).
Compare Mariupol Greek дъы́я (ðýja), дъи́я (ðíja).


莊

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡szʷæ̃³³⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡szʷæ̃³³⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ): semantic 艸 + phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs).

Han compound

莊閒／庄闲


magic

en-noun

magic (usually uncountable, plural magics)

→ Japanese: マジック (majikku)

From Middle English magik, magyk, from Old French magique (noun and adjective), from Latin magicus (adjective), magica (noun use of feminine form of magicus), from Ancient Greek μαγικός (magikós, “magical”), from μάγος (mágos, “magus”). Ultimately from Old Iranian, probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂gʰ- (“to be able to, to help; power, sorcerer”). Displaced native Old English ġealdor (survived in Middle English galder), and dwimmer.

toorkuns

use of rituals or actions exploiting the supernatural

toorkuns

ritual associated with supernatural magic or mysticism

աճպարարություն

illusion performed to give the appearance of magic or the supernatural

I learned a new magic after rescuing the tree fairy.

The application of rituals or actions, especially those based on occult knowledge, to subdue or manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces in order to have some benefit from them.

(gaming, countable) The ability to cast a magic spell.


臺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (臺):
* → Japanese: 台(だい) (dai)
* → Korean: 대(臺) (dae)
* → Vietnamese: đài (臺)

Bamboo_and_wooden_slips
Chu_(state)
Han dynasty
Jin (Chinese state)
Oracle bone inscriptions
Qin
Shuowen Jiezi
Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室.
Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声). The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
: Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀.
: Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Jin slips:
:* Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script.
:* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室
:* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
: Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.


kick

en-verb

kick (third-person singular simple present kicks, present participle kicking, simple past and past participle kicked)

kicks (present singular third-person)
kicking (participle present)
kicked (participle past)
kicked (past)
kick (infinitive)

→ German: kicken

→ Welsh: cicio

From Middle English kyken (“to strike out with the foot”), from Old Norse kikna (“to sink at the knees”) and keikja (“to bend backwards”) (compare Old Norse keikr (“bent backwards, the belly jutting forward”)), from Proto-Germanic *kaikaz (“bent backwards”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *kī-, *kij- (“to split, dodge, swerve sidewards”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH- (“to sprout, shoot”). Compare also Dutch kijken (“to look”), Middle Low German kīken (“to look, watch”). See keek.

штовхну́ти

ного́ю; нога́ми

(chess, transitive) To attack (a piece) in order to force it to move.


聽

Originally 𦔻, hence ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare the top component of 聖.
Later, rewritten as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs): phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁 on the right.
The simplified version, 听, is totally unrelated to the original character and it originally means "smiling".
This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982).
Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007).
Derivatives:
* 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”)
* 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”).

och-l

听
聴
聼
𦗟
𦔻
𠯸
𦔽
𦕢
𦕘
𦖆
𦘏
𪢧
听
听
𪢧

(mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win


quattro

From Latin quattuor, from Proto-Italic *kʷettwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


菊

菊 (canonical)
菊 (canonical)
kiku (romanization)

(card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of September


dix

Haitian Creole: dis

Louisiana Creole: dis

Mauritian Creole: dis

Inherited from Old French dis, from Latin decem, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. For the pronunciation compare six.


deux

Louisiana Creole: de, dé

Inherited from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

de deux maux, il faut choisir le moindre

entre deux maux, il faut choisir le moindre


cinq

Guianese Creole: senk

Haitian Creole: senk

Karipúna Creole French: sẽk

Louisiana Creole: sink

Mauritian Creole: senk

Seychellois Creole: senk

From Middle French cinq, from Old French cinc, from Vulgar Latin cīnque, dissimilation of Classical Latin quīnque (“five”), from Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe, cognate with Portuguese and Spanish cinco, Italian cinque. Doublet of punch.

Mon père a cinq sœurs.


FM

en-noun

FM (countable and uncountable, plural FMs)

(countable, chess) Initialism of FIDE Master.


sept

Louisiana Creole: sèt

Inherited from Middle French sept, from Old French set, from Latin septem (“seven”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.


trois

Haitian Creole: twa

Louisiana Creole: trò, trwa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Italic *trēs
Latin trēs
Old French trois
Middle French troys
French trois
Inherited from Old French trois, treis, from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


huit

Garifuna: widü

Louisiana Creole: wit

Inherited from Middle French huyct, from Old French uit, from Latin octō, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.
The h- was added in Middle French to avoid confusion with vit when the letters u and v were not distinguished; compare the same in huile, etc. That huit does not undergo initial liaison is in fact due to a general rule for numerals (compare un, onze), not to a historically aspirated onset.


neuf

fr-adj

neuf (feminine neuve, masculine plural neufs, feminine plural neuves)

neuve (feminine)
neufs (masculine plural)
neuves (feminine plural)

Louisiana Creole: nèf

Inherited from Middle French neuf, from Old French nuef, from Latin novus, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

nouveau

new; for items, but those that are not fresh from the factory for example


cinque

→ Japanese: シンク (shinku)

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English cink, from Middle French cinq, from Latin cīnque, variant of quīnque. The archaic spelling cinq is taken from modern French cinq, whereas the standard spelling is perhaps influenced by Italian cinque or a misspelling of the French. The variant pronunciation /sæŋk/ is based on Modern French. Doublet of five, pimp (“five”), ponzu, punch (“beverage”), and sengi (“currency”); related to Pompeii.

doublet

Accordingly the firſt beſt throw upon the dice is eſteemed aces, as it ſtops the ſix point in the outer table, and ſecures the cinque in your own, whereby your adverſary's two men upon your ace point cannot get out with either quatre, cinq, or ſix.

1775, “a Connoisseur”, “Containing an Account of the Game of Back-gammon, with the most approved Method of playing at it, and the Rules of the Game. Together with the Artifices and Legerdemains that are frequently practised at it.”, in Annals of Gaming; or, The Fair Player’s Sure Guide. Containing Original Treatises on the following Games. […], London: […] G. Allen, […], pages 181–182:

The firſt beſt Throw upon the Dice is eſteemed Aces, as it ſtops the Six-Point in the outer Table, and ſecures the Cinque in your own, whereby your Adverſary’s two Men upon your Ace-Point cannot get out with either Quatre, Cinque, or Six.

1775, “Introduction to the Game of Back-Gammon; With the most approved Method of playing at it”, in Charles Jones, editor, Hoyle’s Games Improved. Being Practical Treatises on the following Fashionable Games, […], London: […] J. Rivington and J. Wilkie, […], page 170:

(dice games, card games, dominoes) A card, die, or domino with five spots or pips.


quatre

Borrowed from French quatre. Doublet of cuatro and four.

(archaic, dice games, card games, dominoes) A card, die, or domino with four spots or pips.


quatre

Antillean Creole: katr, kat

Garifuna: gádürü

Guianese Creole: katr, kat

Karipúna Creole French: kat

Louisiana Creole: kat

Seychellois Creole: kat

Tayo: katr

→ English: quatre

Inherited from Old French quatre, qatre, catre, from Latin quattuor, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Compare Catalan quatre, Italian quattro, Portuguese quatro, Spanish cuatro.


quatorze

(card games) The four aces, kings, queens, jacks, or tens, in the game of piquet, any of these counting as fourteen points.


nove

From Latin novem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


nove

Kadiwéu: noove, noobe

Macanese: nóvi

From Old Galician-Portuguese nove, from Latin novem (“nine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


藤

ja-noun

藤(ふじ) or 藤(フジ) • (fuji) ^(←ふぢ (fudi) or フヂ (fudi)?)

藤 (canonical)
藤 (canonical)
fuji (romanization)
fudi (romanization)
ふぢ (hiragana historical)
フヂ (hiragana historical)

⟨pudi⟩ → */puⁿdi/ → /ɸud͡ʑi/ → /ɸuʑi/
From Old Japanese 藤 (pudi), from Proto-Japonic *punti.

(card games) the suit of Japanese wisteria in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of April


ping

Partly onomatopoeic, and partly continuing Middle English pingen (“to push, shove, pierce, stab, prod, goad, urge, feel remorse, incite”), from Old English pyngan (“to prick”), in turn likely from pungere. Compare English pang.

inh

(video games) A means of highlighting a feature on the game map so that allied players can see it.


ha

hëngra (aorist)
ngrënë (participle)
ngrënë (participle)
duke ngrënë (gerund)
për të ngrënë (infinitive)
ha (first-person indicative present singular)
ha (indicative present second-person singular)
ha (indicative present singular third-person)
hamë (first-person indicative plural present)
hani (indicative plural present second-person)
hanë (indicative plural present third-person)
haja (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
haje (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
hante (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
hanim (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
hanit (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
hanin (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
hëngra (aorist first-person indicative singular)
hëngre (aorist indicative second-person singular)
hëngri (aorist indicative singular third-person)
hëngrëm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
hëngrët (aorist indicative plural second-person)
hëngrën (aorist indicative plural third-person)
kam ngrënë (first-person indicative perfect singular)
ke ngrënë (indicative perfect second-person singular)
ka ngrënë (indicative perfect singular third-person)
kemi ngrënë (first-person indicative perfect plural)
keni ngrënë (indicative perfect plural second-person)
kanë ngrënë (indicative perfect plural third-person)
kisha ngrënë (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
kishe ngrënë (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
kishte ngrënë (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
kishim ngrënë (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
kishit ngrënë (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
kishin ngrënë (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
pata ngrënë (first-person indicative singular)
pate ngrënë (indicative second-person singular)
pati ngrënë (indicative singular third-person)
patëm ngrënë (first-person indicative plural)
patët ngrënë (indicative plural second-person)
patën ngrënë (indicative plural third-person)
do të ha (first-person future indicative singular)
do të hash (future indicative second-person singular)
do të haje (future indicative singular third-person)
do të hamë (first-person future indicative plural)
do të hani (future indicative plural second-person)
do të hanë (future indicative plural third-person)
do të kem ngrënë (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
do të kesh ngrënë (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
do të ketë ngrënë (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
do të kemi ngrënë (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
do të keni ngrënë (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
do të kenë ngrënë (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
të ha (first-person present singular subjunctive)
të hash (present second-person singular subjunctive)
të haje (present singular subjunctive third-person)
të hamë (first-person plural present subjunctive)
të hani (plural present second-person subjunctive)
të hanë (plural present subjunctive third-person)
të haja (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
të haje (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të hante (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të hanim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
të hanit (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të hanin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kem ngrënë (first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
të kesh ngrënë (perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të ketë ngrënë (perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kemi ngrënë (first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
të keni ngrënë (perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kenë ngrënë (perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
të kisha ngrënë (first-person past perfect singular subjunctive)
të kishe ngrënë (past perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
të kishte ngrënë (past perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
të kishim ngrënë (first-person past perfect plural subjunctive)
të kishit ngrënë (past perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
të kishin ngrënë (past perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
do të haja (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
do të haje (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
do të hante (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
do të hanim (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
do të hanit (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
do të hanin (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
do të kisha ngrënë (conditional first-person past perfect singular)
do të kishe ngrënë (conditional past perfect second-person singular)
do të kishte ngrënë (conditional past perfect singular third-person)
do të kishim ngrënë (conditional first-person past perfect plural)
do të kishit ngrënë (conditional past perfect plural second-person)
do të kishin ngrënë (conditional past perfect plural third-person)
ngrënça (first-person optative present singular)
ngrënç (optative present second-person singular)
ngrëntë (optative present singular third-person)
ngrënçim (first-person optative plural present)
ngrënçit (optative plural present second-person)
ngrënçin (optative plural present third-person)
paça ngrënë (first-person optative perfect singular)
paç ngrënë (optative perfect second-person singular)
pastë ngrënë (optative perfect singular third-person)
paçim ngrënë (first-person optative perfect plural)
paçit ngrënë (optative perfect plural second-person)
paçin ngrënë (optative perfect plural third-person)
ngrënkam (admirative first-person present singular)
ngrënke (admirative present second-person singular)
ngrënka (admirative present singular third-person)
ngrënkemi (admirative first-person plural present)
ngrënkeni (admirative plural present second-person)
ngrënkan (admirative plural present third-person)
ngrënkësha (admirative first-person imperfect singular)
ngrënkëshe (admirative imperfect second-person singular)
ngrënkësh (admirative imperfect singular third-person)
ngrënkëshim (admirative first-person imperfect plural)
ngrënkëshit (admirative imperfect plural second-person)
ngrënkëshin (admirative imperfect plural third-person)
paskam ngrënë (admirative first-person perfect singular)
paske ngrënë (admirative perfect second-person singular)
paska ngrënë (admirative perfect singular third-person)
paskemi ngrënë (admirative first-person perfect plural)
paskeni ngrënë (admirative perfect plural second-person)
paskan ngrënë (admirative perfect plural third-person)
paskësha ngrënë (admirative first-person past perfect singular)
paskëshe ngrënë (admirative past perfect second-person singular)
paskësh ngrënë (admirative past perfect singular third-person)
paskëshim ngrënë (admirative first-person past perfect plural)
paskëshit ngrënë (admirative past perfect plural second-person)
paskëshin ngrënë (admirative past perfect plural third-person)
ha (imperative present second-person singular)
hani (imperative plural present second-person)

From Proto-Albanian *eda, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”), with the preservation of the laryngeal. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (compare Ashkun au (“bread”), Sanskrit अवय (avaya, “to eat”).


pitch

From Middle English picchen, pycchen (“to thrust in, fasten, settle”), from Old English *piċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *pikkijan, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn (“to pick, peck”), whence Middle English pikken, picken (“to pick, pierce”), modern English pick.

nyökkääminen

rotation angle about the transverse axis

килово клатене

nautical: measure of extent to which a vessel's bow and stern go up and down

“The two men of Alltraighe maintain, Two chiefs of the plain of Kerry, A clan the most active in pitch of battle, Their chiefs are O’Neide and Clan Conary.”

1845, Owen Connellan, Annals of Ireland: Translated from the Original Irish of the Four Masters, page 179:

Every other day they would spend half of the training hours on the battle pitch.

George’s cult was popular in the east because of his legendary feats on the battle pitch and because of the location of his tomb, which was a pilgrimage site.

2018, Christopher R. Lakey, Sculptural Seeing: Relief, Optics and the Rise of Perspectives in Medieval Italy, page 84:

The line turns a sharp right-angle to the north to circumvent the town, and then plunges straight into the 1 in 50, which lasts for nearly 20 miles with few intermissions, and some pitches of 1 in 40.

1950 April, Timothy H. Cobb, “The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 265:

You lead "through" instead — your companion leads a pitch, then you join him. But instead of swapping over at the ice axe belay, you carry on in the lead, cutting or kicking steps until you are about twenty feet above.

1967, Anthony Greenbank, Instructions in Mountaineering, page 84:

(climbing) A section of a climb or rock face; specifically, the climbing distance between belays or stances.


pitch

en-verb

pitch (third-person singular simple present pitches, present participle pitching, simple past and past participle pitched or (obsolete) pight)

pitches (present singular third-person)
pitching (participle present)
pitched (participle past)
pitched (past)
pight (obsolete participle past)
pight (obsolete past)

Spanish: pichar

uhrata

card games: discard a card for some gain

(transitive, card games, slang) To discard (a card) for some gain.


dois

Alteration of dous, from Old Galician-Portuguese dous, from Latin duōs (“two”), from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

two (the numerical value 2 or something with the value of two)

(card games) deuce (card with two spots)


dummy

мор

bridge: the partner of the winning bidder, who shows his or her hand

(card games, chiefly bridge) A player whose hand is shown and is to be played from by another player.


褌

→ English: fundoshi

[ɸɯ̟̃ndo̞ɕi]

越中褌

越中褌 えっちゅうふんどし

西洋褌

西洋褌 せいようふんどし

六尺褌

六尺褌 ろくしゃくふんどし

湯文字: a kind of loincloth wrap used while bathing

a similar wrap worn historically by women under a kimono


誅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

Han compound

(Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand


uno

PIE word
 *h₁óynos
Learned borrowing from Spanish uno m (“one”, numeral).

lbor

(Uno) A term said when the number of cards in player’s hand is reduced to one. If another player says this before the one whose hand contains only one card, the player who failed to say 'uno' must draw two cards.


uno

(card games) Uno (a card game played with special cards)


kopa

(card games) heart (card of a "hearts" suit)


sei

From Latin sex, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.


due

→ Norwegian Bokmål: due

From Latin duae, feminine plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


dame

60th British Academy Film Awards
Judi Dench
Order of the British Empire

From Middle English dame, dam (“noble lady”), from Old French dame (“lady; term of address for a woman; the queen in card games and chess”), from Latin domina (“mistress of the house”), feminine form of dominus (“lord, master, ruler; owner of a residence”), or from Latin domus (“home, house”). Doublet of domina and donna.


dame

head

dame (plural dames, diminutive dametjie)

From Dutch dame, from Middle Dutch dame, from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.