pez

Spanish: pez

Et a tal uertud que ſi la ponẽ ſobre mill peſos de pez faz los feruir por ſu p̃p̃dat biẽ como si estudieſſen a fuego.

And its virtue is such that if it is put over a thousand weights of pitch, it lights them due to its property, as if they were on fire.


pez

Inherited from Old Spanish pez, from Latin piscem, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-. Compare peje, Italian pesce, Portuguese peixe, Romanian pește.


acacia

Borrowed from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía) "a thorny Egyptian tree", from ἀκή (akḗ) "point, thorn".

acacia (shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae)


benzoin

en-noun

benzoin (countable and uncountable, plural benzoins)

From Middle French benjoin, from Catalan benjuí, from Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy, “Javanese frankincense”). The first word is from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”), the second from جاوة (jāwa, “Java”) (from Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa)).
The initial lu was probably lost because it was taken as the definite article in Romance. Compare oliban.

der

لُبَان جَاوِيّ

These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone; smyris, ivory, bones, ebontree, cedar, cypress, pitch, softer rosin, camphire, galbanum, ammoniac, storax, benzoin, loadstone, asphaltum.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Aromatics were used, too, especially in necromancy, and an old recipe of that sort comprises Musk, Myrrh, Frankincense, Red Storax, Mastick, Olibanum, Saffron, Benzoin and Labdanum.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.


animé

Borrowed from French animé (“animated”), supposedly from the insects entrapped in it. Doublet of animate.

Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril#Translingual

The resin of the courbaril (Hymenaea courbaril), used in varnishes.


漆

⇒ English: urushiol

Appears to be derived from Old Japanese root uru, as in terms such as classical Japanese 潤う (urufu) → modern 潤う (uruou, “to be moist”), うるうる (uruuru, “wetly, moistly”, adverb). Probably from the way that a lacquered surface glistens as if wet.


pitch

en-noun

pitch (countable and uncountable, plural pitches)

→ Galician: piche

→ Portuguese: piche

From Middle English picche, piche, pich, from Old English piċ, from Proto-West Germanic *pik, from Latin pix. Cognate with Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch, tar”), Latin pīnus (“pine”). More at pine. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pik (“pitch, tar”), Dutch pek (“pitch, tar”), German Low German Pick (“pitch, tar”), German Pech (“pitch, tar”), Catalan pega (“pitch”), Spanish pegar (“to stick, glue”), Franco-Provençal pouatche (“sap from a pine”) and French poix (“sap”). The adjective is probably back-formed from pitch-black, reinterpreting "pitch" as meaning "intense(ly)".


pitch

From Middle English picchen, pycchen (“to thrust in, fasten, settle”), from Old English *piċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *pikkijan, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn (“to pick, peck”), whence Middle English pikken, picken (“to pick, pierce”), modern English pick.

nyökkääminen

rotation angle about the transverse axis

килово клатене

nautical: measure of extent to which a vessel's bow and stern go up and down

The teams met on the pitch.

(sports, UK, Australia, New Zealand) The field on which cricket, soccer, rugby, gridiron or field hockey is played. (In cricket, the pitch is in the centre of the field; see cricket pitch.) (Not often used in the US or Canada, where "field" is the preferred word.)

camp

“The two men of Alltraighe maintain, Two chiefs of the plain of Kerry, A clan the most active in pitch of battle, Their chiefs are O’Neide and Clan Conary.”

1845, Owen Connellan, Annals of Ireland: Translated from the Original Irish of the Four Masters, page 179:

Every other day they would spend half of the training hours on the battle pitch.

George’s cult was popular in the east because of his legendary feats on the battle pitch and because of the location of his tomb, which was a pilgrimage site.

2018, Christopher R. Lakey, Sculptural Seeing: Relief, Optics and the Rise of Perspectives in Medieval Italy, page 84:

The line turns a sharp right-angle to the north to circumvent the town, and then plunges straight into the 1 in 50, which lasts for nearly 20 miles with few intermissions, and some pitches of 1 in 40.

1950 April, Timothy H. Cobb, “The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 265:

You lead "through" instead — your companion leads a pitch, then you join him. But instead of swapping over at the ice axe belay, you carry on in the lead, cutting or kicking steps until you are about twenty feet above.

1967, Anthony Greenbank, Instructions in Mountaineering, page 84:

(climbing) A section of a climb or rock face; specifically, the climbing distance between belays or stances.


pe

From Old Galician-Portuguese pez, from Latin picem.


gum

en-noun

gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)

From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.

صَمْغ

sticky substance exuded by certain plants

խեժ

sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants

gum arabic

gum-oleo-resin

(botany, biochemistry, chiefly uncountable) A viscous water-soluble carbohydrate exudate of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.


guma

head

guma m (genitive singular guma, nominative plural gumaí)

guma (genitive singular)
gumaí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
guma (indefinite singular)
gumaí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ghuma (indefinite singular)
a ghumaí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an guma (definite singular)
na gumaí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an ghuma (definite singular)
na ngumaí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an nguma (definite singular)
don ghuma (definite singular)
leis na gumaí (definite plural)
guma
ghuma
nguma


ruka

ruka (nominative singular)
ruat (nominative plural)
ruan (genitive singular)
rukkiin (genitive plural)
rukkaa (partitive singular)
rukkia (partitive plural)
rukkaa (illative singular)
rukkii (illative plural)
ruas (inessive singular)
ruis (inessive plural)
ruast (elative singular)
ruist (elative plural)
rualle (allative singular)
ruille (allative plural)
rual (adessive singular)
ruil (adessive plural)
rualt (ablative singular)
ruilt (ablative plural)
ruaks (singular translative)
ruiks (plural translative)
rukanna (essive singular)
rukkaan (essive singular)
rukinna (essive plural)
rukkiin (essive plural)
rukant (exessive singular)
rukint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *ruka. Cognates include Finnish ruka and Veps ruga.


שרף

he-noun

שְׂרָף • (sráf) m (plural indefinite שְׂרָפִים, singular construct שְׂרַף־)

שְׂרָף (canonical)
sráf (romanization)
שְׂרָפִים (indefinite plural)
שְׂרַף־ (construct singular)


sandarac

en-noun

sandarac (countable and uncountable, plural sandaracs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sandarac.wav

From Latin sandaraca, from Ancient Greek σανδαράκη (sandarákē, “realgar”).

der

(mineralogy, archaic) Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic.

Sandarach is procured from common juniper; and incense from a juniper with yellow fruit.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 9:

Oil was also used for making varnish, by dissolving sandarac in it, and as the 'vernysshe' which appears so frequently in accounts was always bought by the pound, the term was evidently applied to the sandarac, or other similar resinous substance.

1952, L.F. Salzman, Building in England, page 171:

There would have been many gums and resins in these markets for our lute-maker to bind his wood with: sandarac resin from North African pines […].

2002, Victoria Finlay, Colour, Sceptre, published 2003, page 198:

Tetraclinis articulata
Tetraclinis articulata#Translingual

(chemistry) A white or yellow resin obtained from a north African tree (Tetraclinis articulata), and pulverized for pounce; probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.


electrum

la-noun

ēlectrum n (genitive ēlectrī); second declension

ēlectrum (canonical neuter)
ēlectrī (genitive)
ēlectrum (nominative singular)
ēlectra (nominative plural)
ēlectrī (genitive singular)
ēlectrōrum (genitive plural)
ēlectrō (dative singular)
ēlectrīs (dative plural)
ēlectrum (accusative singular)
ēlectra (accusative plural)
ēlectrō (ablative singular)
ēlectrīs (ablative plural)
ēlectrum (singular vocative)
ēlectra (plural vocative)

Old French: eleutre

[eːˈɫ̪ɛkt̪rʊ̃ˑ]


dammer

From Middle English dammer, dammar, equivalent to dam + -er.


lac

en-noun

lac (countable and uncountable, plural lacs)

From Portuguese laca, from Hindi लाख (lākh)/Urdu لاکھ (lākh) or cognates in other Indo-Aryan languages, from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā).

A resinous substance or lacquer produced mainly on the banyan tree by the female of Kerria lacca, a scale insect.


Venice turpentine

[T]hey produce resins, and many of them are supposed to supply the most durable timber: what is called Venice-turpentine is obtained from the larch by wounding the bark about two feet from the ground, and catching it as it exsudes […].

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants:

Larix decidua
Larix decidua#Translingual

(now historical) A thick substance made from the tree resin of the European larch (Larix decidua), formerly used as a component in the oil paintings of artists to create glossy, translucent glazes.


asafoetida

asafoetida (usually uncountable, plural asafoetidas)

/ˌæsəˈfɛtɪdə/

Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin asafoetida, from Persian ازا / آزا (azâ, âzâ, “mastic”) + Latin foetida, feminine of foetidus (“bad-smelling”).

Nigh Whormoot are Duzgun, Laztan-De, and other Townes, where is got the best Assa-Fætida through all the Orient: the tree is like our brier in height, the leaves resemble Fig leaves, the root the Radish: the vertue had need be much, it stincks so odiously.

1638, Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels, section II:

CHEWING-BALLS, a kind of balls made of aſafœtida, liver of antimony, bay-wood, juniper-wood, and pellitory of Spain; which being dried in the ſun, and wrapped in a linen-cloth, are tied to the bit of the bridle for the horſe to chew: they create an appetite; and it is ſaid, that balls of Venice treacle may be uſed in the ſame manner with good ſucceſs.

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., volume II, page 183:

The smell, too, is often perverted—Parosmia. The author was formerly acquainted with a lady, who scented her snuff with the tincture of assafœtida.

1842, Robley Dunglison, “Of the Neuroses”, in The Practice of Medicine; or, A Treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics. […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, book VI (Diseases of the Nervous System), page 280:

half-a-dozen huge bread pills, dipped in a solution of aloes or cinnamon water, flavoured with assafœtida, which in the case of the dyspeptic rich often suffice [...].

1855, Sir Richard Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah, Dover, published 1964, page 54:

For black magic, assafœtida, garlic, dragon's blood, sulphur, and such-like vile-smelling concoctions were used.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 155:

The letter she sent me stank of assafoetida or devil’s dung. I was charmed.

1993, Anthony Burgess, A Dead Man In Deptford:

Ferula assa-foetida
Ferula assa-foetida#Translingual

A resinous gum from the stem and roots of Ferula species such as Ferula foetida and Ferula assa-foetida, having a strong, unpleasant smell, with culinary and medical uses.


gutta-percha

gutta-percha (countable and uncountable, plural gutta-perchas)

/ɡʌɾəˈpɝtʃə/

/ɡʌtəˈpɜːtʃə/

Resin, pitch, sealing-wax, caoutchouc, sulphur, gutta-percha, and generally all bodies commonly termed resinous, besides a great variety of others, will be found to acquire, after friction, the power of attracting light bodies, and hence will be said, according to a limitation of terms already accepted, to be in an electrized or electrified state .

1855, William Somerville Orr, Orr's Circle of the Sciences, page 205:

No player shall be allowed to wear projecting nails, iron plates, or gutta percha on the soles or heels of his boots.

1863, The Football Association Laws, rule 13

An inelastic natural latex, produced from the sap of several tropical trees of the genera Palaquium and Payena.


resin

resin (countable and uncountable, plural resins)

From Middle English resyn, resyne, from Old French résine, from Latin resīna.

A viscous water-insoluble hydrocarbon exudate of certain plants, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications.


commis

la-noun

commis f (genitive commis or commeos); third declension

commis (genitive)
commeos (genitive)
commis (nominative singular)
commēs (nominative plural)
commis (genitive singular)
commeos (genitive singular)
commium (genitive plural)
commī (dative singular)
commibus (dative plural)
commim (accusative singular)
commēs (accusative plural)
commīs (accusative plural)
commī (ablative singular)
commibus (ablative plural)
commis (singular vocative)
commēs (plural vocative)


benjamin

en-noun

benjamin (countable and uncountable, plural benjamins)

From benzoin, modified by folk etymology to match the name Benjamin.

A balsamic resin from the bark of Styrax trees used in perfumes, incense, and medicine; benzoin resin.

Lindera benzoin
Lindera benzoin#Translingual

A type of tree which produces benzoin or has similar properties; specifically, Styrax benzoin, Lindera benzoin a Benjamin bush.


benjamin

From the image of Benjamin Franklin on the US $100 bill.

(US, slang) Alternative letter-case form of Benjamin: a US $100 bill.


retsina

retsina (countable and uncountable, plural retsinas)

Borrowed from Greek ρετσίνα (retsína), from ρετσίνι (retsíni, “resin”), from Ancient Greek ῥητίνη (rhētínē, “pine resin”).

der

She serves the smooth retsina / She keeps me safe and warm / It's just the calm before the storm

1977, Donald Fagen, Walter Becker (lyrics and music), “Home at Last”, in Aja, performed by Steely Dan:

A Greek resinated white or rosé wine of a sort that has been produced for at least 2700 years.


gamboge

en-noun

gamboge (countable and uncountable, plural gamboges)

From New Latin gambogium, cambogium (“resin from trees used to make yellow dye”), from New Latin Gambogia, Cambogia (“Cambodia”). The Latin word was first attested in English as a colour in 1634. Doublet of Cambodia and Kampuchea.

Clusiaceæ, or Guttiferæ, a natural order of trees or shrubs belonging to the Dicotyledons (division Thalamifloræ), natives of the humid tropics of S. America. [...] Most of the plants have acrid properties, and yield a yellow resin. Among the chief and common plants of the order are Gambooge (q.v.), Mangosteen fruit (Garcinia Mangostana), [...]

1877, “Clusiaceæ, or Guttiferæ”, in John M[erry] Ross, editor, The Globe Encyclopædia of Universal Information, volume II, Boston, Mass.: Estes & Lauriat, […], →OCLC, page 178, column 2:

One of several species of trees of the genus Garcinia found in South and Southeastern Asia, especially Garcinia xanthochymus.


dressing

dressing (countable and uncountable, plural dressings)

→ German: Dressing

From Middle English dressing, dressinge, dressynge, equivalent to dress + -ing.

She removed Stranleigh’s coat with a dexterity that aroused his imagination. The elder woman returned with dressings and a sponge, which she placed on a chair.

1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

(medicine) Material applied to a wound for protection or therapy.

Considered thus, the performance is a translation into images of bodies on display, as is well demonstrated by Monsieur Jourdain's repeated dressings and undressings.

2004, Kathryn Banks, Joseph Harris, Exposure: Revealing Bodies, Unveiling Representations, page 182:

Gum, starch, etc., used in stiffening or finishing silk, linen, and other fabrics.

tärkki

substance used for stiffening or finishing


lacquer

lacquer (countable and uncountable, plural lacquers)

Borrowed from French lacque (“a sort of sealing wax”), from Portuguese laca, lacca (“gum lac”), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā).

bor+

Had he deemed it "wisest, best," Mr. O'Donagough was not without the means of furnishing a splendid mansion in very showy style, and yet not leaving a single morsel of lacker, or or-molu, unpaid for.

1840, Frances Trollope, “Practical Information Carefully Obtained, and Promptly Acted upon— […]”, in The Widow Married; […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 2:

It is a solvent for nitrocellulose and vinyl chloride-acetate resins and may function as an antiblush agent in lacquers.

1954, Arthur K. Doolittle, The technology of solvents and plasticizers:

Cellosolves are used as solvents for lacquers, for sealing cellophane wrapping, and in hydraulic-brake fluid.

1960, Francis E. Condon, Herbert Meislich, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, page 274:

In place of traditional methods in which materials such as gesso, yellow ocher, powdered earth, liquid glue, and Japan tallow were used to obtain a gloss, and transparent lacquer was rubbed into the wood to protect it, materials such as artificially produced varoids and lacquer came into widespread use.

1992, Tadashi Inumaru, Mitsukuni Yoshida, The Traditional Crafts of Japan: Wood and bamboo:

A glossy, resinous material used as a surface coating; either a natural exudation of certain trees, or a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, etc.


сир

śir (romanization)
сир (nominative singular)
сиръяс (nominative plural)
сир (accusative accusative-i singular)
сиръяс (accusative accusative-i plural)
сирӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
сиръясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
сирӧн (instrumental singular)
сиръясӧн (instrumental plural)
сиркӧд (comitative singular)
сиръяскӧд (comitative plural)
сиртӧг (caritive singular)
сиръястӧг (caritive plural)
сирла (consecutive singular)
сиръясла (consecutive plural)
сирлӧн (genitive singular)
сиръяслӧн (genitive plural)
сирлысь (ablative singular)
сиръяслысь (ablative plural)
сирлы (dative singular)
сиръяслы (dative plural)
сирын (inessive singular)
сиръясын (inessive plural)
сирысь (elative singular)
сиръясысь (elative plural)
сирӧ (illative singular)
сиръясӧ (illative plural)
сирсянь (egressive singular)
сиръяссянь (egressive plural)
сирлань (approximative singular)
сиръяслань (approximative plural)
сирӧдз (singular terminative)
сиръясӧдз (plural terminative)
сирӧд (prolative prolative-i singular)
сиръясӧд (plural prolative prolative-i)
сирті (prolative prolative-ii singular)
сиръясті (plural prolative prolative-ii)
сирӧй (nominative singular)
сиръясӧй (nominative plural)
сирӧй (accusative accusative-i singular)
сиръясӧй (accusative accusative-i plural)
сирӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
сиръясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
сирнам (instrumental singular)
сиръяснам (instrumental plural)
сирӧйкӧд (comitative singular)
сиръясӧйкӧд (comitative plural)
сиртӧгым (caritive singular)
сиръястӧгым (caritive plural)
сирӧйла (consecutive singular)
сиръясӧйла (consecutive plural)
сирӧйлӧн (genitive singular)
сиръясӧйлӧн (genitive plural)
сирӧйлысь (ablative singular)
сиръясӧйлысь (ablative plural)
сирӧйлы (dative singular)
сиръясӧйлы (dative plural)
сирам (inessive singular)
сиръясам (inessive plural)
сирсьым (elative singular)
сиръяссьым (elative plural)
сирам (illative singular)
сиръясам (illative plural)
сирсяньым (egressive singular)
сиръяссяньым (egressive plural)
сирланьым (approximative singular)
сиръясланьым (approximative plural)
сирӧдзым (singular terminative)
сиръясӧдзым (plural terminative)
сирӧдым (prolative prolative-i singular)
сиръясӧдым (plural prolative prolative-i)
сиртіым (prolative prolative-ii singular)
сиръястіым (plural prolative prolative-ii)
сирыд (nominative singular)
сиръясыд (nominative plural)
сирыд (accusative accusative-i singular)
сиръясыд (accusative accusative-i plural)
сиртӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
сиръястӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
сирнад (instrumental singular)
сиръяснад (instrumental plural)
сирыдкӧд (comitative singular)
сиръясыдкӧд (comitative plural)
сиртӧгыд (caritive singular)
сиръястӧгыд (caritive plural)
сирыдла (consecutive singular)
сиръясыдла (consecutive plural)
сирыдлӧн (genitive singular)
сиръясыдлӧн (genitive plural)
сирыдлысь (ablative singular)
сиръясыдлысь (ablative plural)
сирыдлы (dative singular)
сиръясыдлы (dative plural)
сирад (inessive singular)
сиръясад (inessive plural)
сирсьыд (elative singular)
сиръяссьыд (elative plural)
сирад (illative singular)
сиръясад (illative plural)
сирсяньыд (egressive singular)
сиръяссяньыд (egressive plural)
сирланьыд (approximative singular)
сиръясланьыд (approximative plural)
сирӧдзыд (singular terminative)
сиръясӧдзыд (plural terminative)
сирӧдыд (prolative prolative-i singular)
сиръясӧдыд (plural prolative prolative-i)
сиртіыд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
сиръястіыд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
сирыс (nominative singular)
сиръясыс (nominative plural)
сирыс (accusative accusative-i singular)
сиръясыс (accusative accusative-i plural)
сирсӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
сиръяссӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
сирнас (instrumental singular)
сиръяснас (instrumental plural)
сирыскӧд (comitative singular)
сиръясыскӧд (comitative plural)
сиртӧгыс (caritive singular)
сиръястӧгыс (caritive plural)
сирысла (consecutive singular)
сиръясысла (consecutive plural)
сирыслӧн (genitive singular)
сиръясыслӧн (genitive plural)
сирыслысь (ablative singular)
сиръясыслысь (ablative plural)
сирыслы (dative singular)
сиръясыслы (dative plural)
сирас (inessive singular)
сиръясас (inessive plural)
сирсьыс (elative singular)
сиръяссьыс (elative plural)
сирас (illative singular)
сиръясас (illative plural)
сирсяньыс (egressive singular)
сиръяссяньыс (egressive plural)
сирланьыс (approximative singular)
сиръясланьыс (approximative plural)
сирӧдзыс (singular terminative)
сиръясӧдзыс (plural terminative)
сирӧдыс (prolative prolative-i singular)
сиръясӧдыс (plural prolative prolative-i)
сиртіыс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
сиръястіыс (plural prolative prolative-ii)
сирным (nominative singular)
сиръясным (nominative plural)
сирным (accusative accusative-i singular)
сиръясным (accusative accusative-i plural)
сирнымӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
сиръяснымӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
сирнаным (instrumental singular)
сиръяснаным (instrumental plural)
сирнымкӧд (comitative singular)
сиръяснымкӧд (comitative plural)
сиртӧгным (caritive singular)
сиръястӧгным (caritive plural)
сирнымла (consecutive singular)
сиръяснымла (consecutive plural)
сирнымлӧн (genitive singular)
сиръяснымлӧн (genitive plural)
сирнымлысь (ablative singular)
сиръяснымлысь (ablative plural)
сирнымлы (dative singular)
сиръяснымлы (dative plural)
сираным (inessive singular)
сиръясаным (inessive plural)
сирсьыным (elative singular)
сиръяссьыным (elative plural)
сираным (illative singular)
сиръясаным (illative plural)
сирсяньным (egressive singular)
сиръяссяньным (egressive plural)
сирланьным (approximative singular)
сиръясланьным (approximative plural)
сирӧдзным (singular terminative)
сиръясӧдзным (plural terminative)
сирӧдным (prolative prolative-i singular)
сиръясӧдным (plural prolative prolative-i)
сиртіным (prolative prolative-ii singular)
сиръястіным (plural prolative prolative-ii)
сирныд (nominative singular)
сиръясныд (nominative plural)
сирныд (accusative accusative-i singular)
сиръясныд (accusative accusative-i plural)
сирнытӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
сиръяснытӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
сирнаныд (instrumental singular)
сиръяснаныд (instrumental plural)
сирныдкӧд (comitative singular)
сиръясныдкӧд (comitative plural)
сиртӧгныд (caritive singular)
сиръястӧгныд (caritive plural)
сирныдла (consecutive singular)
сиръясныдла (consecutive plural)
сирныдлӧн (genitive singular)
сиръясныдлӧн (genitive plural)
сирныдлысь (ablative singular)
сиръясныдлысь (ablative plural)
сирныдлы (dative singular)
сиръясныдлы (dative plural)
сираныд (inessive singular)
сиръясаныд (inessive plural)
сирсьыныд (elative singular)
сиръяссьыныд (elative plural)
сираныд (illative singular)
сиръясаныд (illative plural)
сирсяньныд (egressive singular)
сиръяссяньныд (egressive plural)
сирланьныд (approximative singular)
сиръясланьныд (approximative plural)
сирӧдзныд (singular terminative)
сиръясӧдзныд (plural terminative)
сирӧдныд (prolative prolative-i singular)
сиръясӧдныд (plural prolative prolative-i)
сиртіныд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
сиръястіныд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
сирныс (nominative singular)
сиръясныс (nominative plural)
сирныс (accusative accusative-i singular)
сиръясныс (accusative accusative-i plural)
сирнысӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
сиръяснысӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
сирнаныс (instrumental singular)
сиръяснаныс (instrumental plural)
сирнымкӧс (comitative singular)
сиръяснымкӧс (comitative plural)
сиртӧгныс (caritive singular)
сиръястӧгныс (caritive plural)
сирнысла (consecutive singular)
сиръяснысла (consecutive plural)
сирныслӧн (genitive singular)
сиръясныслӧн (genitive plural)
сирныслысь (ablative singular)
сиръясныслысь (ablative plural)
сирныслы (dative singular)
сиръясныслы (dative plural)
сираныс (inessive singular)
сиръясаныс (inessive plural)
сирсьыныс (elative singular)
сиръяссьыныс (elative plural)
сираныс (illative singular)
сиръясаныс (illative plural)
сирсяньныс (egressive singular)
сиръяссяньныс (egressive plural)
сирланьныс (approximative singular)
сиръясланьныс (approximative plural)
сирӧдзныс (singular terminative)
сиръясӧдзныс (plural terminative)
сирӧдныс (prolative prolative-i singular)
сиръясӧдныс (plural prolative prolative-i)
сиртіныс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
сиръястіныс (plural prolative prolative-ii)

From Proto-Permic *śu̇r, from Proto-Uralic *śure. Cognates include Hungarian szurok and Udmurt сир (śir).
The shift *-u̇- > -и- (-i-) is irregular, but was probably brought about by the preceding palatal sibilant.


balsam

en-noun

balsam (countable and uncountable, plural balsams)

Borrowed from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)); compare Old English balsam, balsamum (“balsam, balm”), Doublet of balm and desman. Not related to balsa.

der

Canada balsam, a turpentine obtained from the resin of balsam fir.


balsam

pl-noun

balsam m inan (related adjective balsamowy)

balsamowy (adjective)
balsam (nominative singular)
balsamy (nominative plural)
balsamu (genitive singular)
balsamów (genitive plural)
balsamowi (dative singular)
balsamom (dative plural)
balsam (accusative singular)
balsamy (accusative plural)
balsamem (instrumental singular)
balsamami (instrumental plural)
balsamie (locative singular)
balsamach (locative plural)
balsamie (singular vocative)
balsamy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish balsam. Compare Kashubian balzam and Slovincian balzóm.

balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)


pine tar

en-noun

pine tar (usually uncountable, plural pine tars)

destructive distillation
destructive distillation

A dark viscous substance obtained from the destructive distillation of pine wood.


копал

ru-noun+

копа́л • (kopál) m inan (genitive копа́ла, nominative plural копа́лы, genitive plural копа́лов)

копа́л (canonical)
kopál (romanization)
копа́ла (genitive)
копа́лы (nominative plural)
копа́лов (genitive plural)
копа́л (nominative singular)
копа́лы (nominative plural)
копа́ла (genitive singular)
копа́лов (genitive plural)
копа́лу (dative singular)
копа́лам (dative plural)
копа́л (accusative singular)
копа́лы (accusative plural)
копа́лом (instrumental singular)
копа́лами (instrumental plural)
копа́ле (prepositional singular)
копа́лах (plural prepositional)


dragon's blood

Another ancient vegetable relic surviving in Macaronesia is the legendary dragon tree, whose sap, marketed as dragon’s blood, was in past times much prized as a medicine, as incense and as a dye.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 97:

A bright red resin, obtained from different species of a number of distinct plants Calamus rotang and genera Croton, Dracaena, Daemonorops, and Pterocarpus, used in the manufacture of varnishes, lacquers, medicines, and incenses.


gum arabic

en-noun

gum arabic (countable and uncountable, plural gums arabic)

gum + Arabic; the name was used in Arabic and other Middle Eastern languages since the 9th century (صَمْغ عَرَبِيّ (ṣamḡ ʕarabiyy)), and retained in the languages of Europeans who first acquired it via Arab ports.

An edible substance taken from one of two species of sub-Saharan acacia trees, Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal, used in the food industry as a stabilizer (e.g. in soda, gumdrops and marshmallows) and other purposes including pharmaceuticals, paints and polishes.


goma

→ Tagalog: goma

Inherited from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi).


frankincense

frankincense (countable and uncountable, plural frankincenses)

From Old French franc encens (“noble incense”).

uder

The glories of Mary held his soul captive : spikenard and myrrh and frankincense, symbolising the preciousness of God's gifts to her soul, rich garments, symbolising her royal lineage, her emblems, the lateflowering plant and lateblossoming tree, symbolising the agelong gradual growth of her cultus among men.

1916 December 29, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, New York, N.Y.: B[enjamin] W. Huebsch, →OCLC:

Frankincense, Frankenstein, Francophile, Philistine / Frankly, we are killing time

2019, “Keep Moving Don't Move”, in The Book of Traps and Lessons, performed by Kae Tempest:

A type of incense obtained from the Boswellia thurifera tree.


myrrh

en-noun

myrrh (usually uncountable, plural myrrhs)

From Middle English mirre, from Old English myrre, from Latin myrrha, from Ancient Greek μύρρα (múrrha), from Semitic. Compare Arabic مُرّ (murr, “myrrh”, literally “bitterness”), Hebrew מור / מֹר (mōr, “myrrh”, literally “bitterness”). Compare מרור : maror.

he-m

The glories of Mary held his soul captive: spikenard and myrrh and frankincense, symbolising the preciousness of God's gifts to her soul, rich garments, symbolising her royal lineage, her emblems, the lateflowering plant and lateblossoming tree, symbolising the agelong gradual growth of her cultus among men.

1916, James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Macmillan Press Ltd, paperback, page 98:

Commiphora myrrha
Commiphora myrrha#Translingual

A red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha, used as perfume, incense or medicine.


manna

en-noun

manna (countable and uncountable, plural mannas)

From Middle English, from Old English, from Late Latin manna, from Ancient Greek μάννα (mánna), from Hebrew מן (mān, “'manna”).

Australian manna

from Eucalyptus viminalis, E. gunnii, E. pulverulenta

manna mealybug

Trabutina crassispinosa or Trabutina mannipara

1966, Bill Beatty, Tales of Old Australia, National Distributors, →ISBN, page 14, discussing old Australian foods
The icing on the cake was made from manna, which was gathered under the manna gums. Manna mixed with milk made a splendid icing.

The sugary sap of the manna gum tree which oozes out from holes drilled by insects and falls to the ground around the tree.http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/forest/plants/gum.html


manna

pl-noun

manna f (related adjective manniany or mannowy)

manniany (adjective)
mannowy (adjective)
manna (nominative singular)
manny (nominative plural)
manny (genitive singular)
mann (genitive plural)
mannie (dative singular)
mannom (dative plural)
mannę (accusative singular)
manny (accusative plural)
manną (instrumental singular)
mannami (instrumental plural)
mannie (locative singular)
mannach (locative plural)
manno (singular vocative)
manny (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin manna.

(biblical) manna (food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus)

mannagrass, sweetgrass (any grass of the genus Glyceria)

manna (sugary sap of the manna gum tree)

rim lichen (any lichen of the genus Lecanora)


copal

en-noun

copal (countable and uncountable, plural copals)

From Spanish copal, from Classical Nahuatl copalli (“incense”).

A resinous exudation from various tropical trees, especially Hymenaea courbaril and Schinus terebinthifolia, used chiefly in making varnishes and printing ink.


copal

→ Czech: kopál

→ English: copal

→ Finnish: kopaali

→ French: copal

→ German: Kopal

→ Italian: copale

→ Japanese: コーパル (kōparu)

→ Polish: kopal

→ Russian: копал (kopal)

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl copalli (“incense”).


chicle

Borrowed from Spanish chicle, from a Nahuan language; compare Classical Nahuatl tzictli.

The milky latex of the sapodilla tree, used after coagulation as the principal ingredient of chewing gum


chicle

→ Catalan: xicle

→ English: chicle

→ German: Chicle

→ Tunisian Arabic: شكلي (šikli)

Borrowed from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl tzictli.


בדולח

he-noun

בדולח / בְּדֹלַח • (bdólakh) m

בְּדֹלַח (canonical)
bdólakh (romanization)

Cognate with Akkadian 𒋆𒄀𒄙𒊏 (budulḫu/bidurḫu), perhaps from Ancient Greek βδέλλιον (bdéllion), perhaps cognate with Sanskrit भिदुर (bhidura, “brittle, easily split or broken”).

cog

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

(Biblical Hebrew) bdellium (an aromatic gum-like balsam extracted from one of several species of tree in the genus Commiphora)


bdellium

en-noun

bdellium (countable and uncountable, plural bdelliums)

Borrowed from Latin bdellium, from Ancient Greek βδέλλιον (bdéllion), itself perhaps from Hebrew בְּדֹלַח (bdólakh), cognate with Akkadian 𒁉𒁺𒌨𒄷 (bidurḫu) or from Sanskrit भिदुर (bhidura, “something brittle, fragile, easily split or broken”).

der

And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 2:10–12:

An aromatic gum-like balsam extracted from one of several species of tree in the genus Commiphora.


bdellium

la-noun

bdellium n (genitive bdelliī or bdellī); second declension

bdelliī (genitive)
bdellī (genitive)
bdellium (nominative singular)
bdellia (nominative plural)
bdelliī (genitive singular)
bdellī (genitive singular)
bdelliōrum (genitive plural)
bdelliō (dative singular)
bdelliīs (dative plural)
bdellium (accusative singular)
bdellia (accusative plural)
bdelliō (ablative singular)
bdelliīs (ablative plural)
bdellium (singular vocative)
bdellia (plural vocative)

[ˈbd̪ɛlːʲiʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek βδέλλιον (bdéllion), see above.


mastic

en-noun

mastic (countable and uncountable, plural mastics)

From Middle English mastik, from Old French mastic, from Latin mastiche, from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē), from μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “I chew”) (note the chewing gum sense). Related to masticate. The broad sense for cements came via extension from predecessor cements made with the tree's resin.

The island of Scio is now called by the Greeks Kio [Χιο], the antient Greek name of it was Chios [Χιος]; it was first called Ætalia in very antient times, and also Mastic, on account of the great number of mastic trees that were in this island.

1745, Richard Pococke, A Description of the East, and Some other Countries, Volume II, Book I, Chapter 1:

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual

An evergreen shrub or small tree, Pistacia lentiscus (mastic tree), native to the Mediterranean.

The mastic, of which the people of Scio gather every year an incredible quantity, is a very rich gum, made use of in medicines, which distils from a shrub called, in Latin, Lentiscus.

1799, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, Voyage Performed by the Late Earl of Sandwich Round the Mediterranean in the Years 1738 and 1739, Written by Himself, pages 317–318:

Having taken upon me to order the repast, and knowing that Lord Byron, for the last two days, had done nothing towards sustenance, beyond eating a few biscuits and (to appease appetite) chewing mastic, I desired that we should have a good supply of, at least, two kinds of fish.

1830, Thomas Moore, Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: with Notices of his Life, volume I, New York: J. & J. Harper, page 402:

1834, James Augustus St. John, Egypt and Mohammed Ali, or Travels in the Valley of the Nile, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, Volume I, Chapter 132, pp. 322-323,
[…] in many harems, the women are in the habit of burning mastic on a small chaffing-dish, and holding the mouth of the jars over the smoke; by which means they communicate to them a scent which perfumes the water for eight or ten days, at the expiration of which the operation must be repeated.

Aromatics were used, too, especially in necromancy, and an old recipe of that sort comprises Musk, Myrrh, Frankincense, Red Storax, Mastick, Olibanum, Saffron, Benzoin and Labdanum.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

A hard, brittle, aromatic and transparent resin produced by this tree and used to make varnishes and chewing gum, and as a flavouring.

He took a list from the desk and read aloud Fatima’s offerings:— […] four bottles of rare mastic from Scio.

1913, Marjorie Bowen, A Knight of Spain, Part II, Chapter 6:

en:alcoholic liquor flavoured with resin of Pistacia lentiscus

An alcoholic liquor flavoured with this resin.


pega

Inherited from Vulgar Latin pica, variant form of Latin pix (“pitch, tar”).


قطران

head

قطران • (katran) (definite accusative قطرانی (katranı), plural قطرانلر (katranlar))

katran (romanization)
قطرانی (accusative definite)
قطرانلر (plural)

Turkish: katran

→ Albanian: katrani

desc

→ Armenian: խաթրան (xatʻran), խաթռան (xatʻṙan), կաթրան (katʻran)

→ Aromanian: cãtrani, cãtrane

→ Bulgarian: катра́н (katrán)

→ Macedonian: катран (katran)

→ Romanian: catran

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̀тран

Latin script: kàtran

Borrowed from Arabic قَطْرَان (qaṭrān, “tar, asphalt”).

bor+

(historical) Chian turpentine, Cyprus turpentine, a preparation from the resin of the terebinth


لاستیک

head

لاستیک • (lâstik)

fa-noun

لاستیک • (lâstik)

[lɒːs.t̪ʰíːkʲ]

لاستیک ماشین پنچر شد.


tolu

en-noun

tolu (countable and uncountable, plural tolus)

From Spanish Tolú (“town in Colombia where the tree is found”), from tolúes (“name of a pre-Columbian people of the area”).

der

The resinous secretion of Myroxylon balsamum, used in cough syrups and perfumery.


locust bean gum

en-noun

locust bean gum (countable and uncountable, plural locust bean gums)

A vegetable gum extracted from the seeds of the carob (locust beans) and used as a food additive; chemically, it is a galactomannan.


xanthan gum

xanthan gum (countable and uncountable, plural xanthan gums)

A natural gum, produced by the fermentation of sugars by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris; used as a food additive.

E415 when used as a thickener and stabiliser


karaya gum

karaya gum (usually uncountable, plural karaya gums)

A gum extracted from the trees of the Sterculia genus, used as a food additive and denture adhesive.


guar gum

(chemistry) A heteropolysaccharide gum, extracted from the guar bean, that is used as a food additive.


gellan gum

gellan gum (countable and uncountable, plural gellan gums)

a polysaccharide gum produced by the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea, used as an alternative to agar, and as a food additive


tragacanth

tragacanth (countable and uncountable, plural tragacanths)

From Latin tragacantha, from Koine Greek τραγάκανθα (tragákantha, “tragacanth”), from Ancient Greek τράγος (trágos, “he-goat”) + ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”). Doublet of adragant.

der

Where what I have to note is too much to be included within the narrow limits of a margin, I commit it to a slip of paper, and deposit it between the leaves; taking care to secure it by an imperceptible portion of gum tragacanth paste.

There would have been many gums and resins in these markets for our lute-maker to bind his wood with: […] gum tragacanth from Aleppo, which would be sold as thin and wrinkled worm-like pieces of shrub.

2002, Victoria Finlay, Colour, Sceptre, published 2003, page 198:

A polysaccharide gum, extracted from several species of leguminous plants of the genus Astragalus, formerly used medicinally and now as a food additive. Also more fully gum tragacanth.


colophony

en-noun

colophony (usually uncountable, plural colophonies)

From Latin colophonia (“of Colophon”) resina (“resin”); named after the Ionic city of Colophon, which was known for producing hardened resin.

This resin or turpentine is a very interesting and peculiar substance, or rather series of substances. It is valuable because tar, pitch, rosin, and colophony are obtained by distilling it.

1907, G. F. Scott Elliot, The Romance of Plant Life:

Rosin; the residue left after the distillation of oil of turpentine from liquid resin, used in pharmaceutical preparations, soldering fluxes, and by violinists.


rosin

rosin (countable and uncountable, plural rosins)

From Old French raisine, rousine, variants of résine. See resin.

‘It is delicate,’ said Pansa, ‘but there is perhaps the least particle too much of rosin in its flavor.’

1834, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], The Last Days of Pompeii. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Richard Bentley, […]; successor to Henry Colburn, →OCLC:

From three o'clock onward they would be burning rosin and pitch pine (the sign of preparation), and so one had the picturesque spectacle of a rank, some two or three miles long, of tall, ascending columns of coal-black smoke; […]

1883, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter 16, in Life on the Mississippi, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, →OCLC:

A thick, fat smoke oozed out from the fire, and a heavy smell of burned rosin and singed hair filled the air.

1894 [1892], Arthur Conan Doyle, “Lot No. 249”, in Round the Red Lamp […] :


barras

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909


mira

mira (nominative singular)
miry (nominative plural)
miry (genitive singular)
mir (genitive plural)
mirze (dative singular)
mirom (dative plural)
mirę (accusative singular)
miry (accusative plural)
mirą (instrumental singular)
mirami (instrumental plural)
mirze (locative singular)
mirach (locative plural)
miro (singular vocative)
miry (plural vocative)

(astronomy, geodesy) reference point for azimuth measurements


murra

la-noun

murra f (genitive murrae); first declension

murrae (genitive)
murra (nominative singular)
murrae (nominative plural)
murrae (genitive singular)
murrārum (genitive plural)
murrae (dative singular)
murrīs (dative plural)
murram (accusative singular)
murrās (accusative plural)
murrā (ablative singular)
murrīs (ablative plural)
murra (singular vocative)
murrae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μύρρᾱ (múrrhā), of Semitic origin.


galipot

en-noun

galipot (countable and uncountable, plural galipots)

Borrowed from French galipot; compare Old French garipot (“the wild pine or pitch tree”).

cog

An unrefined turpentine obtained from some European pines


manna gum

Black cockatoos screeched and scratched at the bark of a big old manna gum as if they couldn't wait to see it done for.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber & Faber, published 2003, page 53:

Any of various eucalyptus trees that exude manna, especially Eucalyptus viminalis, found in Australia.


mucilage

en-noun

mucilage (usually uncountable, plural mucilages)

From Middle English muscilage, mussillage, from Middle French mucilage (“viscous substance found in vegetable material”), from Late Latin mūcilāgō (“musty or moldy juice”). See Greek μούχλα (moúchla, “mold”), and related derivatives, for example mushroom, from *meus- (“mosses, mold, mildew”).

der

Malt liquors […] are distinguished from wine, chiefly by the larger quantity of mucilage and saccharine matter […]

1821, Friedrich Accum, A Treatise on the Art of Brewing, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, page 5:

A thick gluey substance (gum) produced by many plants and some microorganisms.

клей

thick gluey substance produced by many plants


hog gum

en-noun

hog gum (countable and uncountable, plural hog gums)

The gum obtained from Symphonia globulifera.


gum resin

A mixture of gum and resin secreted by a plant.


gomma

Likely borrowed from Italian gomma, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).


pihka

pihka (nominative singular)
pihat (nominative plural)
pihan (genitive singular)
pihkoin (genitive plural)
pihkaa (partitive singular)
pihkoja (partitive plural)
pihkaa (illative singular)
pihkoi (illative plural)
pihas (inessive singular)
pihois (inessive plural)
pihast (elative singular)
pihoist (elative plural)
pihalle (allative singular)
pihoille (allative plural)
pihal (adessive singular)
pihoil (adessive plural)
pihalt (ablative singular)
pihoilt (ablative plural)
pihaks (singular translative)
pihoiks (plural translative)
pihkanna (essive singular)
pihkaan (essive singular)
pihkoinna (essive plural)
pihkoin (essive plural)
pihkant (exessive singular)
pihkoint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *pihka. Cognates include Finnish pihka and Estonian pihk.


amoniak

pl-noun

amoniak m inan (related adjective amoniakalny or amoniakowyn)

amoniakalny (adjective)
amoniakowyn (adjective)
amoniak (nominative singular)
amoniaku (genitive singular)
amoniakowi (dative singular)
amoniak (accusative singular)
amoniakiem (instrumental singular)
amoniaku (locative singular)
amoniaku (singular vocative)


گز

→ Middle Armenian: գազ (gaz), կազ (kaz)

→ Azerbaijani: gəz

→ Ottoman Turkish: گز (gez)

Turkish: gez

→ Crimean Tatar: gez

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gc /gaz/, “tamarisk”). Compare Old Armenian գազ (gaz, “milkvetch”), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus#Translingual


piki

piki (nominative singular)
piit (nominative plural)
piin (genitive singular)
pikkiin (genitive plural)
pikilöin (genitive plural)
pikkiä (partitive singular)
pikijä (partitive plural)
pikilöjä (partitive plural)
pikkii (illative singular)
pikkii (illative plural)
pikilöihe (illative plural)
piis (inessive singular)
pikiis (inessive plural)
pikilöis (inessive plural)
piist (elative singular)
pikiist (elative plural)
pikilöist (elative plural)
piille (allative singular)
pikiille (allative plural)
pikilöille (allative plural)
piil (adessive singular)
pikiil (adessive plural)
pikilöil (adessive plural)
piilt (ablative singular)
pikiilt (ablative plural)
pikilöilt (ablative plural)
piiks (singular translative)
pikiiks (plural translative)
pikilöiks (plural translative)
pikinnä (essive singular)
pikkiin (essive singular)
pikiinnä (essive plural)
pikilöinnä (essive plural)
pikkiin (essive plural)
pikilöin (essive plural)
pikint (exessive singular)
pikiint (exessive plural)
pikilöint (exessive plural)

Ultimately from Old Swedish bik. Cognates include Finnish piki and Estonian pigi.


نفت

Turkish: neft

→ Greek: νέφτι (néfti)

desctree

→ Russian: нефть (neftʹ)
→ Ingrian: nefti
→ Kildin Sami: неффьт (njeff’t)
→ Komi-Zyrian: нефть (ńefť)
→ Kyrgyz: нефть (neft)
→ Tatar: нефть (neft’)

spirit of turpentine (while “oil of turpentine” according to historical dogmatics is followed by یاغی (yağı) or preceded by روغن (revğan-ı, ruğan-ı))


μάννα

head

μάννα • (mánna) f

Greek: μάννα (mánna)

desctree

→ Late Latin: manna
→ Old English:
Middle English:
English: manna
→ Italian: manna (semi-learned)
→ Polish: manna (learned)
→ Sicilian: manna (semi-learned)

Borrowed from Hebrew מָן (mān, “manna”).


μαστίχα

head

μαστίχα • (mastícha) f (plural μαστίχες)

mastícha (romanization)
μαστίχες (plural)
μαστίχα (nominative singular)
μαστίχες (nominative plural)
μαστίχας (genitive singular)
μαστιχών (genitive plural)
μαστίχα (accusative singular)
μαστίχες (accusative plural)
μαστίχα (singular vocative)
μαστίχες (plural vocative)

Inherited from Byzantine Greek μαστίχα, from Koine Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē).


elemi

en-noun

elemi (countable and uncountable, plural elemis)

(uncountable) A resin harvested from the tree.


balzam

csb-noun

balzam m inan (related adjective balzamiczny or balzamowi)

balzamiczny (adjective)
balzamowi (adjective)

Borrowed from German Balsam. Compare Slovincian balzóm and Polish balsam.

balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)


resina

Learned borrowing from Latin rēsīna. The alternative form above was inherited.


resina

la-noun

rēsīna f (genitive rēsīnae); first declension

rēsīna (canonical feminine)
rēsīnae (genitive)
rēsīna (nominative singular)
rēsīnae (nominative plural)
rēsīnae (genitive singular)
rēsīnārum (genitive plural)
rēsīnae (dative singular)
rēsīnīs (dative plural)
rēsīnam (accusative singular)
rēsīnās (accusative plural)
rēsīnā (ablative singular)
rēsīnīs (ablative plural)
rēsīna (singular vocative)
rēsīnae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: rrëshirë

desctree

→ Arabic: رَجِينَة (rajīna)
→ Ottoman Turkish: رچینه (reçine)
Turkish: reçine
→ Greek: ρετσίνι (retsíni)

Aromanian: arushinã, ritsinã

Franco-Provençal: rèsina

Friulian: rèsine

→ Irish: roisín

Italian: resina

→ Byzantine Greek: ρετσίνα (retsína)

Greek: ρετσίνα (retsína)

Old French: reysin

French: résine

→ Middle English: resyn

English: resin

Old Occitan: resina

Catalan: resina, reïna

Occitan: rosina

Old Galician-Portuguese: resina

Galician: resina, recina

Portuguese: resina

Piedmontese: resna

Romanian: rășină

→ Russian: рези́на (rezína)

Sicilian: rìsina

Old Spanish: resina

Spanish: resina

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē).


resina

Inherited from Old Spanish resina, from Latin rēsīna. Possibly borrowed.


opopanax

en-noun

opopanax (countable and uncountable, plural opopanaxes)

Borrowed from Latin opopanax, from Hellenistic Greek ὀποπάναξ (opopánax), from Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós, “vegetable juice”) + πάναξ (pánax, “any of several plants believed to have medicinal benefits”).

der

(obsolete) A gum resin obtained from the root of Opopanax chironium, formerly used in medicine.

جَاوَشِير

gum from the root of Opopanax chironium or what is equal


kapia

The fossil resin of the kauri tree of New Zealand.


harts

harts (indefinite nominative singular)
harts (genitive indefinite singular)
hartset (definite nominative singular)
hartsets (definite genitive singular)
hartser (indefinite nominative plural)
hartsers (genitive indefinite plural)
hartserna (definite nominative plural)
hartsernas (definite genitive plural)
harts (indefinite nominative singular)
harts (genitive indefinite singular)
hartsen (definite nominative singular)
hartsens (definite genitive singular)
hartser (indefinite nominative plural)
hartsers (genitive indefinite plural)
hartserna (definite nominative plural)
hartsernas (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from German Harz, further origin disputed.


mirra

Borrowed from Latin myrrha (also murra), from Ancient Greek μύρρα (múrrha), of Semitic origin.


mirra

mirra (nominative singular)
mirry (genitive singular)
mirze (dative singular)
mirrę (accusative singular)
mirrą (instrumental singular)
mirze (locative singular)
mirro (singular vocative)

myrrh (red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha, used as perfume, incense, or medicine)


mirra

Borrowed from Latin myrrha, from Ancient Greek μύρρα (múrrha), of Semitic origin.


myrrhe

From Latin myrrha, from Ancient Greek μύρρα (múrrha).


smůla

smůla (nominative singular)
smůly (nominative plural)
smůly (genitive singular)
smůl (genitive plural)
smůle (dative singular)
smůlám (dative plural)
smůlu (accusative singular)
smůly (accusative plural)
smůlo (singular vocative)
smůly (plural vocative)
smůle (locative singular)
smůlách (locative plural)
smůlou (instrumental singular)
smůlami (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech smóla, from Proto-Slavic *smola.

resin (solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers)


laka

laka (nominative singular)
laki (nominative plural)
laki (genitive singular)
lak (genitive plural)
lace (dative singular)
lakom (dative plural)
lakę (accusative singular)
laki (accusative plural)
laką (instrumental singular)
lakami (instrumental plural)
lace (locative singular)
lakach (locative plural)
lako (singular vocative)
laki (plural vocative)


عود

ar-noun

عُود • (ʕūd) m (plural أَعْوَاد (ʔaʕwād) or عِيدَان (ʕīdān))

عُود (canonical)
ʕūd (romanization)
أَعْوَاد (plural)
عِيدَان (plural)
عُود (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعُود (definite informal singular triptote)
عُود (construct informal singular triptote)
عُودٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعُودُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عُودُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
عُودًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْعُودَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عُودَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
عُودٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعُودِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
عُودِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
عُودَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعُودَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
عُودَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
عُودَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعُودَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
عُودَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
عُودَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْعُودَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
عُودَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
عُودَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعُودَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
عُودَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَعْوَاد (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
عِيدَان (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَعْوَاد (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْعِيدَان (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَعْوَاد (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
عِيدَان (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَعْوَادٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
عِيدَانٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَعْوَادُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْعِيدَانُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَعْوَادُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
عِيدَانُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَعْوَادًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
عِيدَانًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَعْوَادَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْعِيدَانَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَعْوَادَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
عِيدَانَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَعْوَادٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
عِيدَانٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَعْوَادِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الْعِيدَانِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَعْوَادِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
عِيدَانِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Maltese: għuda

→ Azerbaijani: ud

→ English: oud

→ Ottoman Turkish: عود (ʿūd)

> Turkish: ud, ut (inherited)

→ Persian: عود ('ud)

→ Old Occitan: laüt
Occitan: laüt

→ Portuguese: alaúde

→ Spanish: laúd

→ Swahili: udi

→ Uyghur: ئۇد (ud)

→ Uzbek: ud

Root
 ع و د (ʕ w d)
 0 termsFrom عَادَ (ʕāda, “to return, to turn back”) in the sense of a branch or other slender piece of wood being flexible.
The sense “oud, lute” can be understood as a Middle Persian [script needed] (lwt' /rōd/, “string; stringed instrument; barbat”) (> Persian رود (rud)), compare like liquid rebracketing in عَسْكَر (ʕaskar) and أَنْجَر (ʔanjar).
The instrument sense of the word then stands as an Arabic version of the Persian بربط (barbat), that featured a smaller more curved neck with greater tension, as well as a larger rounded belly created from steam-bent strips of wood. The Barbat was carved from one solid piece of wood, the larger size of the oud's belly was something not previously possible before the further development of using hot moisture to aid in bending thin strips. This characteristic technique became the traditional source of the instruments name; for more see Oud and Barbat.
However there is a cognate instrument Ugaritic 𐎓𐎄 (ʿd, “lute, an instrument”) 1000's of years prior to this, identified as an early chordophone with connection to the Sumerian 𒄑𒅗𒌣 (^(GEŠ)gu₃.de₂, “instruments in general, a lute”, literally “wood that has voice”) This precursor to ouds and guitars was constructed of strings laid on a wood-staff that ran through the whole body of the instrument attached to a simple drum-like resonating body; as strings of lyres and drums were used prior, the distinguishing feature was this wooden rod.

der

عود شجرة تنبت في جزائر بحر الهند عروقها تقلع وتدفن في الأرض حتى تتعفن منها الحشية فيبقى العود الخالص قال شيخ الرئيس مضعة يطيب النكهة وينفع الدماغ جدَّا ويقوّي الحواسّ والقلب ويفرحه وتدخينه بالسكر طيب جدَّا والسكر يقوّي رائحته وشراب العود طارد للرياح المؤلمة.

Jacob, Georg (1892) Studien in arabischen Geographen (in German), volume 4, Berlin: Meyer & Müller, pages 159–160

Agalloch is a tree that grows in islands of the Indian sea and its roots are extracted and buried in the earth until they rot, of it one makes a stuffing and it stays pure, Šayḵ ar-Raʾīs says that a bit of it already is of nice smell and assists the brain in a serious extent and strengthens the senses and the heart and rejoices it and when smoked with sugar it is also very nice, sugar strengthens its smell and the syrup of agalloch expectorates doloriferous winds.

aloe, agarwood, any plant with high moisture content


عود

acw-noun

عود • (ʕūd) m (plural أعواد (ʔaʕwād) or عيدان (ʕīdān))

ʕūd (romanization)
أعواد (plural)
عيدان (plural)

agarwood,aloe, any plant with high moisture content


عود

head

عود • (ʼud, öd)


catechu

en-noun

catechu (countable and uncountable, plural catechus)

/ˈkæt.əˌt͡ʃuː/

/ˈkæt.əˌʃuː/

Probably a corruption of the Malay kacu.

The pale catechus are usually sweeter and more pleasant for chewing.

1837, Jonathan Pereira, “Lectures on Materia Medica: Lecture LXI”, in London Medical Gazette, volume XX, page 107:

A gummy extract of any of several species of Acacieae, but especially Senegalia catechu, produced by boiling the wood of the tree in water and evaporating the resulting liquid.

খৈৰ

a gummy extract of any of several species of Acacieae


lako

eo-head

lako (accusative singular lakon, plural lakoj, accusative plural lakojn)

lakon (accusative singular)
lakoj (plural)
lakojn (accusative plural)

From Russian лак (lak), German Lack, French laque, Italian lacca, all ultimately from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā).


benjuí

Borrowed from Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy, “Javanese frankincense”). First attested in 1430.

bor+

لُبَان جَاوِيّ

benzoin (aromatic balsam, a medicinal plant)


galbanum

en-noun

galbanum (countable and uncountable, plural galbanums)

From Latin galbanum (“galbanum”), from Ancient Greek χαλβάνη (khalbánē, “galbanum”).

der

And the Lord said to Moses: Take unto thee spices, stacte, and onycha, galbanum of sweet savour, and the clearest frankincense, all shall be of equal weight.

These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone; smyris, ivory, bones, ebontree, cedar, cypress, pitch, softer rosin, camphire, galbanum, ammoniac, storax, benzoin, loadstone, asphaltum.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

A bitter, aromatic resin or gum, extracted from plants of the genus Ferula, that resembles assafoetida and has been used in incense and in aromatherapy


balaw

to tire out; to make someone tired; to exhaust


żywica

żywica (nominative singular)
żywice (nominative plural)
żywicy (genitive singular)
żywic (genitive plural)
żywicy (dative singular)
żywicom (dative plural)
żywicę (accusative singular)
żywice (accusative plural)
żywicą (instrumental singular)
żywicami (instrumental plural)
żywicy (locative singular)
żywicach (locative plural)
żywico (singular vocative)
żywice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *živica, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷh₃i-u-.


խեժ

xež (romanization)
խեժ (nominative singular)
խեժեր (nominative plural)
խեժի (dative singular)
խեժերի (dative plural)
խեժից (ablative singular)
խեժերից (ablative plural)
խեժով (instrumental singular)
խեժերով (instrumental plural)
խեժում (locative singular)
խեժերում (locative plural)
խեժը (definite nominative singular)
խեժն (definite nominative singular)
խեժերը (definite nominative plural)
խեժերն (definite nominative plural)
խեժին (dative definite singular)
խեժերին (dative definite plural)
խեժս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
խեժերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
խեժիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
խեժերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
խեժիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
խեժերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
խեժովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
խեժերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
խեժումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
խեժերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
խեժդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
խեժերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
խեժիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
խեժերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
խեժիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
խեժերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
խեժովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
խեժերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
խեժումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
խեժերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

խեժերը/խեժերն


mirre

Middle English: mirre

English: myrrh

Scots: myrrh

From Old English myrre, from Latin myrrha, from Ancient Greek μύρρα (múrrha), from a Semitic language. Reinforced by Old French mirre.

and þei entriden in to þe hous .· ⁊ founden þe child wiþ marie his modir / and þei felden doun .· and woꝛſchipiden him / and whanne þei hadden openyde her treſouris .· þei offriden to hym ȝiftes. gold encenſe ⁊ myrre

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 2:11, page 1v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And they entered into the house, and found the child with Mary, his mother; then they fell down and worshipped him. And when they'd opened their treasures, they offered gifts to him: gold, frankincense, and myrrh.

Myrrh (the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha)


oleoresin

en-noun

oleoresin (countable and uncountable, plural oleoresins)

Pine oleoresin is a complex mixture of about 30 to 50 different terpene molecules, comprised chiefly of diterpene resin acids and monoterpene essential oils, which impart different physical and biotic properties (Zinkel and Russell 1989).

2007, Shibu Jose, Eric J. Jokela, Deborah L. Miller, editors, The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem: Ecology, Silviculture, and Restoration, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 43:


ámbar

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ambar, from Andalusian Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕánbar).
Cognate with Portuguese âmbar.


ámbar

From Andalusian Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕánbar), from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “amber”).


jelutong

en-noun

jelutong (countable and uncountable, plural jelutongs)

The resin derived from this tree, once sometimes used in the production of rubber.


labdanum

labdanum (usually uncountable, plural labdanums)

From Latin lādanum, from Ancient Greek λήδανον (lḗdanon, “gum”), from λήδον (lḗdon, “rockrose”), from a Semitic language; compare Akkadian 𒆷𒁷𒉡 (ladinnu).

Your onely way to make a good pomander, is this. Take an ownce of the pureſt garden mould, clenſed and ſteeped ſeauen daies in change of motherleſſe roſe water, then take the beſt Labdanum, Benioine, both Storaxes, amber greece, and Ciuet, and muſke, incorporate them together, and work them into what form you pleaſe; this, if your breath bee not to valiant, will make you ſmell as ſweete as my Ladies dogge.

1607, [attributed to Thomas Tomkis], Lingva: Or The Combat of the Tongue, and the Five Senses for Superiority. A Pleasant Comœdie., London: Printed by G[eorge] Eld, for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, act IV, scene iii:

Aromatics were used, too, especially in necromancy, and an old recipe of that sort comprises Musk, Myrrh, Frankincense, Red Storax, Mastick, Olibanum, Saffron, Benzoin and Labdanum.

(A chypre perfume is usually built with oak moss, patchouli and labdanum, an absolute of a dark, thick-smelling Mediterranean bush.)

2007 August 26, Chandler Burr, “Back in Print”, in New York Times:

A sticky brown resin obtained from species of rockrose, used mainly in perfume.


乳香

ja-r

乳香(にゅうこう) (nyūkō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (乳香):
* → Japanese: 乳香(にゅうこう) (nyūkō)
* → Korean: 유향(乳香) (yuhyang)
* → Vietnamese: nhũ hương (乳香)

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː¹³ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/zu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiũ⁴⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiũ⁴⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiũ³³/

/d͡zi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɔ̃⁴⁴/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː¹³ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/zu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiũ⁴⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiũ⁴⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiũ³³/

/d͡zi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɔ̃⁴⁴/


乳香

ja-noun

乳(にゅう)香(こう) • (nyūkō) ^(←にうかう (niukau)?)

乳香 (canonical)
nyūkō (romanization)
niukau (romanization)
にうかう (hiragana historical)


mastika

en-noun

mastika (countable and uncountable, plural mastikas)

A type of hard resin found on various acacia trees, which can be chewed.

A liqueur similar to raki made from anise or other sources, made in the Balkans.


mastika

head

mastika (definite accusative mastikayı, plural mastikalar)

mastikayı (accusative definite)
mastikalar (plural)

From Ottoman Turkish ماستیقه, ماستیقا (mastika), from Greek μαστίχα (mastícha), from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē).
Doublet of mezdeke.

Zarakosta «Mastika» sı: Şimdi herkes bu en güzel içkiyi içmektedir. Anadolu siparişleri muntazaman kabul olunmaktadır.

1929 May 13, advertisement on page 16 of Son Saat

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


styrax

la-noun

styrax m (genitive styracis); third declension

styracis (genitive)
styrax (nominative singular)
styracēs (nominative plural)
styracis (genitive singular)
styracum (genitive plural)
styracī (dative singular)
styracibus (dative plural)
styracem (accusative singular)
styracēs (accusative plural)
styrace (ablative singular)
styracibus (ablative plural)
styrax (singular vocative)
styracēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: estorac

Italian: storace

→ Old English: stōr

Portuguese: estoraque

Translingual: Styrax

Styrax officinalis
Styrax officinalis#Translingual

storax (the tree Styrax officinalis and the balsam from it)


tara gum

en-noun

tara gum (usually uncountable, plural tara gums)

A white or beige nearly odorless powder used as a thickening agent and stabilizer for food, produced by separating and grinding the endosperm of Tara spinosa seeds.


storax

storax (countable and uncountable, plural storaxes)

From Middle English storace, storage, storax, storaxe, storrax, from Latin storax.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

Liquidambar orientalis
Liquidambar orientalis#Translingual

The resin of the oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis), formerly used as a stimulating expectorant.


sagapenum

sagapenum (countable and uncountable, plural sagapenums)

A yellow to brown bitter gum that derives from plants of the genus Ferula.


sagapenum

la-noun

sagapēnum n (genitive sagapēnī); second declension

sagapēnum (canonical neuter)
sagapēnī (genitive)
sagapēnum (nominative singular)
sagapēna (nominative plural)
sagapēnī (genitive singular)
sagapēnōrum (genitive plural)
sagapēnō (dative singular)
sagapēnīs (dative plural)
sagapēnum (accusative singular)
sagapēna (accusative plural)
sagapēnō (ablative singular)
sagapēnīs (ablative plural)
sagapēnum (singular vocative)
sagapēna (plural vocative)

[s̠äɡäˈpeːnʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek σαγάπηνον (sagápēnon), from Arabic سَكْبِينَج (sakbīnaj), from Persian سَكْبِينَهٌ.

der

Persian سَكْبِينَهٌ


smola

smòla (canonical feminine)
смо̀ла (Cyrillic)
smola (nominative singular)
smole (nominative plural)
smole (genitive singular)
smola (genitive plural)
smoli (dative singular)
smolama (dative plural)
smolu (accusative singular)
smole (accusative plural)
smolo (singular vocative)
smole (plural vocative)
smoli (locative singular)
smolama (locative plural)
smolom (instrumental singular)
smolama (instrumental plural)


smola

smóla (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
smôla (nominative singular)
smôle (genitive singular)
smôli (dative singular)
smôlo (accusative singular)
smôli (locative singular)
smôlo (instrumental singular)


ciklet

head

ciklet (definite accusative cikleti, plural cikletler)

cikleti (accusative definite)
cikletler (plural)
ciklet (nominative singular)
cikletler (nominative plural)
cikleti (accusative definite singular)
cikletleri (accusative definite plural)
ciklete (dative singular)
cikletlere (dative plural)
ciklette (locative singular)
cikletlerde (locative plural)
cikletten (ablative singular)
cikletlerden (ablative plural)
cikletin (genitive singular)
cikletlerin (genitive plural)
cikletim (first-person nominative singular)
cikletlerim (first-person nominative singular)
cikletin (nominative second-person singular)
cikletlerin (nominative second-person singular)
cikleti (nominative singular third-person)
cikletleri (nominative singular third-person)
cikletimiz (first-person nominative plural)
cikletlerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
cikletiniz (nominative plural second-person)
cikletleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
cikletleri (nominative plural third-person)
cikletimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
cikletlerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
cikletini (accusative definite second-person singular)
cikletlerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
cikletini (accusative definite singular third-person)
cikletlerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
cikletimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
cikletlerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
cikletinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
cikletlerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
cikletlerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
cikletime (dative first-person singular)
cikletlerime (dative first-person singular)
cikletine (dative second-person singular)
cikletlerine (dative second-person singular)
cikletine (dative singular third-person)
cikletlerine (dative singular third-person)
cikletimize (dative first-person plural)
cikletlerimize (dative first-person plural)
cikletinize (dative plural second-person)
cikletlerinize (dative plural second-person)
cikletlerine (dative plural third-person)
cikletimde (first-person locative singular)
cikletlerimde (first-person locative singular)
cikletinde (locative second-person singular)
cikletlerinde (locative second-person singular)
cikletinde (locative singular third-person)
cikletlerinde (locative singular third-person)
cikletimizde (first-person locative plural)
cikletlerimizde (first-person locative plural)
cikletinizde (locative plural second-person)
cikletlerinizde (locative plural second-person)
cikletlerinde (locative plural third-person)
cikletimden (ablative first-person singular)
cikletlerimden (ablative first-person singular)
cikletinden (ablative second-person singular)
cikletlerinden (ablative second-person singular)
cikletinden (ablative singular third-person)
cikletlerinden (ablative singular third-person)
cikletimizden (ablative first-person plural)
cikletlerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
cikletinizden (ablative plural second-person)
cikletlerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
cikletlerinden (ablative plural third-person)
cikletimin (first-person genitive singular)
cikletlerimin (first-person genitive singular)
cikletinin (genitive second-person singular)
cikletlerinin (genitive second-person singular)
cikletinin (genitive singular third-person)
cikletlerinin (genitive singular third-person)
cikletimizin (first-person genitive plural)
cikletlerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
cikletinizin (genitive plural second-person)
cikletlerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
cikletlerinin (genitive plural third-person)

[d̠̠͡ʒicˈʎ̟ɛt̟]

From American brand name Chiclets, from English chicle, from Spanish chicle, from a Nahuan language; compare Classical Nahuatl tzictli.


смола

bg-noun

смола́ • (smolá) f

смола́ (canonical)
smolá (romanization)
смола́ (indefinite singular)
смоли́ (indefinite plural)
смола́та (definite singular)
смоли́те (definite plural)


смола

mk-noun

смола • (smola) f (relational adjective смолен)

smola (romanization)
смолен (adjective relational)
смола (indefinite singular)
смоли (indefinite plural)
смолата (definite singular unspecified)
смолите (definite plural unspecified)
смолава (definite proximal singular)
смоливе (definite plural proximal)
смолана (definite distal singular)
смолине (definite distal plural)
смоло (singular vocative)
смоли (plural vocative)


смола

ru-noun+

смола́ • (smolá) f inan (genitive смолы́, nominative plural смо́лы, genitive plural смол, relational adjective смо́льный or смоляно́й)

смола́ (canonical)
smolá (romanization)
смолы́ (genitive)
смо́лы (nominative plural)
смол (genitive plural)
смо́льный (adjective relational)
смоляно́й (adjective relational)
смола́ (nominative singular)
смо́лы (nominative plural)
смолы́ (genitive singular)
смо́л (genitive plural)
смоле́ (dative singular)
смо́лам (dative plural)
смолу́ (accusative singular)
смо́лы (accusative plural)
смоло́й (instrumental singular)
смоло́ю (instrumental singular)
смо́лами (instrumental plural)
смоле́ (prepositional singular)
смо́лах (plural prepositional)
смола́ (dated nominative singular)
смо́лы (dated nominative plural)
смолы́ (dated genitive singular)
смо́лъ (dated genitive plural)
смолѣ́ (dated dative singular)
смо́ламъ (dated dative plural)
смолу́ (accusative dated singular)
смо́лы (accusative dated plural)
смоло́й (dated instrumental singular)
смоло́ю (dated instrumental singular)
смо́лами (dated instrumental plural)
смолѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
смо́лахъ (dated plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic смола (smola), from Proto-Slavic *smola.

inh+

resin, pitch, tar, coal tar (viscous liquid of plant origin)


смола

смо̀ла (canonical feminine)
smòla (romanization)
смола (nominative singular)
смоле (nominative plural)
смоле (genitive singular)
смола (genitive plural)
смоли (dative singular)
смолама (dative plural)
смолу (accusative singular)
смоле (accusative plural)
смоло (singular vocative)
смоле (plural vocative)
смоли (locative singular)
смолама (locative plural)
смолом (instrumental singular)
смолама (instrumental plural)


հալվե

halve (romanization)
հալվե (nominative singular)
հալվեներ (nominative plural)
հալվեի (dative singular)
հալվեների (dative plural)
հալվեից (ablative singular)
հալվեներից (ablative plural)
հալվեով (instrumental singular)
հալվեներով (instrumental plural)
հալվեում (locative singular)
հալվեներում (locative plural)
հալվեն (definite nominative singular)
հալվեները (definite nominative plural)
հալվեներն (definite nominative plural)
հալվեին (dative definite singular)
հալվեներին (dative definite plural)
հալվես (first-person nominative possessive singular)
հալվեներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
հալվեիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
հալվեներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
հալվեիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
հալվեներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
հալվեովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
հալվեներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
հալվեումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
հալվեներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
հալվեդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
հալվեներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
հալվեիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
հալվեներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
հալվեիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
հալվեներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
հալվեովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
հալվեներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
հալվեումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
հալվեներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

հալվեները/հալվեներն

հալվեներումս

հալվեներումդ

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian հալուէ (haluē).


gyanta

gyanták (plural)
gyanta (nominative singular)
gyanták (nominative plural)
gyantát (accusative singular)
gyantákat (accusative plural)
gyantának (dative singular)
gyantáknak (dative plural)
gyantával (instrumental singular)
gyantákkal (instrumental plural)
gyantáért (causal-final singular)
gyantákért (causal-final plural)
gyantává (singular translative)
gyantákká (plural translative)
gyantáig (singular terminative)
gyantákig (plural terminative)
gyantaként (essive-formal singular)
gyantákként (essive-formal plural)
gyantában (inessive singular)
gyantákban (inessive plural)
gyantán (singular superessive)
gyantákon (plural superessive)
gyantánál (adessive singular)
gyantáknál (adessive plural)
gyantába (illative singular)
gyantákba (illative plural)
gyantára (singular sublative)
gyantákra (plural sublative)
gyantához (allative singular)
gyantákhoz (allative plural)
gyantából (elative singular)
gyantákból (elative plural)
gyantáról (delative singular)
gyantákról (delative plural)
gyantától (ablative singular)
gyantáktól (ablative plural)
gyantáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
gyantáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
gyantáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
gyantákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
gyantám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
gyantáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
gyantád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
gyantáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
gyantája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
gyantái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
gyantánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
gyantáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
gyantátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
gyantáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
gyantájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
gyantáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: дянта (djanta)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin gentarum, ultimately coming from Baltic languages, compare Latvian dzintars and Lithuanian gintaras.


betún

Borrowed from Catalan betum, from Latin bitūmen.


ћилибар

ћилѝба̄р (canonical masculine)
ćilìbār (romanization)
ћилибар (nominative singular)
ћилибари (nominative plural)
ћилибара (genitive singular)
ћилибара (genitive plural)
ћилибару (dative singular)
ћилибарима (dative plural)
ћилибар (accusative singular)
ћилибаре (accusative plural)
ћилибаре (singular vocative)
ћилибари (plural vocative)
ћилибару (locative singular)
ћилибарима (locative plural)
ћилибаром (instrumental singular)
ћилибарима (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كهلبار (kehlübar, kehlibar), from Persian کهربا (kahrobâ).


ćilibar

ćilìbār (canonical masculine)
ћилѝба̄р (Cyrillic)
ćilibar (nominative singular)
ćilibari (nominative plural)
ćilibara (genitive singular)
ćilibara (genitive plural)
ćilibaru (dative singular)
ćilibarima (dative plural)
ćilibar (accusative singular)
ćilibare (accusative plural)
ćilibare (singular vocative)
ćilibari (plural vocative)
ćilibaru (locative singular)
ćilibarima (locative plural)
ćilibarom (instrumental singular)
ćilibarima (instrumental plural)


آغده

head

آغده • (ağda)

ota-noun

آغده • (ağda)

Turkish: ağda

→ Bulgarian: агда́ (agdá)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: а̀гда

Latin script: àgda


Canada balsam

en-noun

Canada balsam (countable and uncountable, plural Canada balsams)

A turpentine made from the resin of the balsam fir tree.

bàlsam del Canadà

turpentine produced from the resin of balsam fir


lateks

lateks (nominative singular)
lateksu (genitive singular)
lateksowi (dative singular)
lateks (accusative singular)
lateksem (instrumental singular)
lateksie (locative singular)
lateksie (singular vocative)


olibanum

olibanum (countable and uncountable, plural olibanums)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin olibanum, from Latin oleum libani, the first word meaning oil and the second from Ancient Greek λίβανος (líbanos, “frankincense (Boswellia sacra)”), from a Semitic source, compare Proto-Semitic *laban- (“white”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew לְבוֹנָה (l'voná, “frankincense”), Arabic لبان (lubān, “frankincense”). (Compare benzoin for a similar process of metanalysis.) Doublet of oliban.

cog

A gum resin from trees of the genus Boswellia, formerly used as a medicine and now mainly as incense.


kadidlo

kadidlo (nominative singular)
kadidla (nominative plural)
kadidla (genitive singular)
kadidel (genitive plural)
kadidlu (dative singular)
kadidlům (dative plural)
kadidlo (accusative singular)
kadidla (accusative plural)
kadidlo (singular vocative)
kadidla (plural vocative)
kadidle (locative singular)
kadidlech (locative plural)
kadidlem (instrumental singular)
kadidly (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech kadidlo, from Proto-Slavic *kadidlo (“incense”).


rezino

eo-head

rezino (accusative singular rezinon, plural rezinoj, accusative plural rezinojn)

rezinon (accusative singular)
rezinoj (plural)
rezinojn (accusative plural)

From French résine, Italian resina, English resin, all from Latin rēsīna, ultimately from Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē, “pine resin”). Compare Russian рези́на (rezína, “rubber”), Portuguese and Spanish resina, Romanian rășină, Turkish reçine, Arabic راتينج (rātīnaj).


πίσσα

grc-noun

πίσσᾰ • (píssa) f (genitive πίσσης); first declension

πίσσᾰ (canonical)
píssa (romanization)
πίσσης (genitive)
ἡ πῐ́σσᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ πῐ́σσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς πῐ́σσης (genitive singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σσαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πῐσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ πῐ́σσῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν πῐ́σσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πῐ́σσαις (dative plural)
τὴν πῐ́σσᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ πῐ́σσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πῐ́σσᾱς (accusative plural)
πῐ́σσᾰ (singular vocative)
πῐ́σσᾱ (dual vocative)
πῐ́σσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: πίσσα (píssa)

Pontic Greek: πίσσα (píssa)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ፔሳ (pesa, “pitch, tar”), ፒሳ (pisa)

→? Laz: ფისა (pisa)

→? Mingrelian: ფირსა (pirsa)

desctree

→? Old Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
→ Armenian: փիս (pʻis), փիսի (pʻisi)
→ Bats: ფის (pis)
→ Ossetian: писи (pisi), песи (pesi)

→? Svan: ფისე (pise)

desc

→ Turkish: pise, pusa, püse, bise, pis, püs, pus, piz, püz, pürz (dialectal)

From Proto-Hellenic *píťťa, suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *píts-ih₂ ~ *pits-yéh₂, from *pī́ts (“resin”) + *-ih₂, cognate with Albanian píshë (“pine tree”), and related to πίτυς (pítus, “pine”).


κεχριμπάρι

head

κεχριμπάρι • (kechrimpári) n (plural κεχριμπάρια)

kechrimpári (romanization)
κεχριμπάρια (plural)
κεχριμπάρι (nominative singular)
κεχριμπάρια (nominative plural)
κεχριμπαριού (genitive singular)
κεχριμπαριών (genitive plural)
κεχριμπάρι (accusative singular)
κεχριμπάρια (accusative plural)
κεχριμπάρι (singular vocative)
κεχριμπάρια (plural vocative)

el-decl-noun

κεχριμπαριού

κεχριμπαριών

From Ottoman Turkish كهلبار (kehlibar), popular variant of كهربا (kehrüba), from Persian کهربا (kahrobâ).


μαστίχη

grc-noun

μαστίχη • (mastíkhē) f (genitive μαστίχης); first declension

mastíkhē (romanization)
μαστίχης (genitive)
ἡ μαστίχη (nominative singular)
τὼ μαστίχᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ μαστίχαι (nominative plural)
τῆς μαστίχης (genitive singular)
τοῖν μαστίχαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μαστιχῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μαστίχῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν μαστίχαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς μαστίχαις (dative plural)
τὴν μαστίχην (accusative singular)
τὼ μαστίχᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μαστίχᾱς (accusative plural)
μαστίχη (singular vocative)
μαστίχᾱ (dual vocative)
μαστίχαι (plural vocative)

Greek: μαστίχα (mastícha)

desctree

→ Arabic: مُصْطَكَى (muṣṭakā), مُصْطَكَاء (muṣṭakāʔ), مُصْطَكِيّ (muṣṭakiyy), مِسْتَكَة (mistaka), مِسْتَكِيّ (mistakiyy), مَسْتِيك (mastīk) — more dialectal
→ Azerbaijani: mastika
→ Egyptian Arabic: مستيكة (mastika)
→ Persian: مصطکی (mastaki)
→ Moroccan Arabic: مسكة (maska)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ماستقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستیقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستكی (masteki)
Turkish: mastika

desc

→ Hebrew: מַסְטִיק (mástik), מַסְטִיקָא (mastíka)

desctree

→ Latin: mastiche
Old French: mastic
→ Middle English: mastik, mastyk, masstyk, mastykk, mastike, mastic, mastix
English: mastic


copaiba

en-noun

copaiba (countable and uncountable, plural copaibas)

/ˌkəʊpaɪˈiːbə/

Borrowed from Portuguese copaíba, borrowed from Old Tupi kopa'yba, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kopaʔɨβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

Any of several South American trees of the genus Copaifera


guaiacum

en-noun

guaiacum (usually uncountable, plural guaiacums)

Any of a number of species of tree of the genus Guaiacum, native to the West Indies and parts of the Americas.


живица

ru-noun+

живи́ца • (živíca) f inan (genitive живи́цы, nominative plural живи́цы, genitive plural живи́ц)

живи́ца (canonical)
živíca (romanization)
живи́цы (genitive)
живи́цы (nominative plural)
живи́ц (genitive plural)
живи́ца (nominative singular)
живи́цы (nominative plural)
живи́цы (genitive singular)
живи́ц (genitive plural)
живи́це (dative singular)
живи́цам (dative plural)
живи́цу (accusative singular)
живи́цы (accusative plural)
живи́цей (instrumental singular)
живи́цею (instrumental singular)
живи́цами (instrumental plural)
живи́це (prepositional singular)
живи́цах (plural prepositional)

→ Yiddish: זשיוועצע (zhivetse)

[ʐɨˈvʲit͡sə]

живи́ться (živítʹsja)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *živica, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷh₃i-u- (“to live”). Cognate with Old Armenian կիւ (kiw).


gummis

la-noun

gummis f (genitive gummis or gummeos); third declension

gummis (genitive)
gummeos (genitive)
gummis (nominative singular)
gummēs (nominative plural)
gummis (genitive singular)
gummeos (genitive singular)
gummium (genitive plural)
gummī (dative singular)
gummibus (dative plural)
gummim (accusative singular)
gummēs (accusative plural)
gummīs (accusative plural)
gummī (ablative singular)
gummibus (ablative plural)
gummis (singular vocative)
gummēs (plural vocative)


沒藥

→ Thai: มดยอบ (mót-yɔ̂ɔp)

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/muːt̚² jœːk̚²/

/but̚⁴⁻³² ioʔ⁴/

/but̚²⁴⁻² ioʔ²⁴/

/but̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ioʔ¹²¹/

/but̚⁴⁻³² ioʔ⁴/

/but̚⁴⁻³² iɤʔ⁴/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/muːt̚² jœːk̚²/

/but̚⁴⁻³² ioʔ⁴/

/but̚²⁴⁻² ioʔ²⁴/

/but̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ioʔ¹²¹/

/but̚⁴⁻³² ioʔ⁴/

/but̚⁴⁻³² iɤʔ⁴/

Transcription of Arabic مُرّ (murr, “myrrh”) or Persian مر (morr, “myrrh”) + native 藥 (“medicine”) (Laufer, 1967).


lignum vitae

en-noun

lignum vitae (countable and uncountable, plural lignum vitaes)

From Latin lignum (“wood”) vitae (“of life”).

(countable) guaiacum trees, of species Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum.


smyrna

la-noun

smyrna f (genitive smyrnae); first declension

smyrnae (genitive)
smyrna (nominative singular)
smyrnae (nominative plural)
smyrnae (genitive singular)
smyrnārum (genitive plural)
smyrnae (dative singular)
smyrnīs (dative plural)
smyrnam (accusative singular)
smyrnās (accusative plural)
smyrnā (ablative singular)
smyrnīs (ablative plural)
smyrna (singular vocative)
smyrnae (plural vocative)


libanus

la-adj

libanus (feminine libana, neuter libanum); first/second-declension adjective

libana (feminine)
libanum (neuter)
libanus (masculine nominative singular)
libana (feminine nominative singular)
libanum (neuter nominative singular)
libanī (masculine nominative plural)
libanae (feminine nominative plural)
libana (neuter nominative plural)
libanī (genitive masculine singular)
libanae (feminine genitive singular)
libanī (genitive neuter singular)
libanōrum (genitive masculine plural)
libanārum (feminine genitive plural)
libanōrum (genitive neuter plural)
libanō (dative masculine singular)
libanae (dative feminine singular)
libanō (dative neuter singular)
libanīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
libanum (accusative masculine singular)
libanam (accusative feminine singular)
libanum (accusative neuter singular)
libanōs (accusative masculine plural)
libanās (accusative feminine plural)
libana (accusative neuter plural)
libanō (ablative masculine singular)
libanā (ablative feminine singular)
libanō (ablative neuter singular)
libanīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
libane (masculine singular vocative)
libana (feminine singular vocative)
libanum (neuter singular vocative)
libanī (masculine plural vocative)
libanae (feminine plural vocative)
libana (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈlʲɪbänʊs̠]

From a Semitic source - see the Semitic root lbn لبن, meaning "white". See also (Hebrew לְבוֹנָה (l'voná, “frankincense”), Arabic لبان (lubān, “frankincense”)).


sucinum

la-noun

sūcinum n (genitive sūcinī); second declension

sūcinum (canonical neuter)
sūcinī (genitive)
sūcinum (nominative singular)
sūcina (nominative plural)
sūcinī (genitive singular)
sūcinōrum (genitive plural)
sūcinō (dative singular)
sūcinīs (dative plural)
sūcinum (accusative singular)
sūcina (accusative plural)
sūcinō (ablative singular)
sūcinīs (ablative plural)
sūcinum (singular vocative)
sūcina (plural vocative)

English: succin-

Italian: succino

[ˈs̠uːkɪnʊ̃ˑ]


κόμμι

grc-noun

κόμμῐ • (kómmi) n (genitive κόμμεως); third declension

κόμμῐ (canonical)
kómmi (romanization)
κόμμεως (genitive)
τὸ κόμμῐ (nominative singular)
τὼ κόμμει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ κόμμη (nominative plural)
κόμμεᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόμμεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κομμέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόμμεων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόμμει (dative singular)
τοῖν κομμέοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόμμεσῐ (dative plural)
κόμμεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs kómmesi (dative plural)
toîs kómmesin (dative plural)
τὸ κόμμῐ (accusative singular)
τὼ κόμμει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ κόμμη (accusative plural)
κόμμεᾰ (accusative plural)
κόμμῐ (singular vocative)
κόμμει (dual vocative)
κόμμη (plural vocative)
κόμμεᾰ (plural vocative)

desc

→ Aramaic: (“gum particularly of acacia”)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קוֹמָּא (qommā), קוֹמּוֹס (qommōs)

Classical Syriac: ܩܘܡܐ (qommā), ܩܡܘܣ (qammūs), ܩܡܘܨ (qammūṣ), ܩܡܘܙ (qammūz)

→ Middle Hebrew: קוֹמּוֹס (qommōs)

→ Latin: cummis, gummis, commis, cummi, gummi, commi (see there for further descendants)

From Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

Vachellia nilotica
Vachellia nilotica#Translingual

gum, obtained from babul (Vachellia nilotica)


kehribar

head

kehribar (definite accusative kehribarı, plural kehribarlar)

kehribarı (accusative definite)
kehribarlar (plural)
kehribar (nominative singular)
kehribarlar (nominative plural)
kehribarı (accusative definite singular)
kehribarları (accusative definite plural)
kehribara (dative singular)
kehribarlara (dative plural)
kehribarda (locative singular)
kehribarlarda (locative plural)
kehribardan (ablative singular)
kehribarlardan (ablative plural)
kehribarın (genitive singular)
kehribarların (genitive plural)
kehribarım (first-person nominative singular)
kehribarlarım (first-person nominative singular)
kehribarın (nominative second-person singular)
kehribarların (nominative second-person singular)
kehribarı (nominative singular third-person)
kehribarları (nominative singular third-person)
kehribarımız (first-person nominative plural)
kehribarlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
kehribarınız (nominative plural second-person)
kehribarlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
kehribarları (nominative plural third-person)
kehribarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
kehribarlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
kehribarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
kehribarlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
kehribarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
kehribarlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
kehribarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
kehribarlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
kehribarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
kehribarlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
kehribarlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
kehribarıma (dative first-person singular)
kehribarlarıma (dative first-person singular)
kehribarına (dative second-person singular)
kehribarlarına (dative second-person singular)
kehribarına (dative singular third-person)
kehribarlarına (dative singular third-person)
kehribarımıza (dative first-person plural)
kehribarlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
kehribarınıza (dative plural second-person)
kehribarlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
kehribarlarına (dative plural third-person)
kehribarımda (first-person locative singular)
kehribarlarımda (first-person locative singular)
kehribarında (locative second-person singular)
kehribarlarında (locative second-person singular)
kehribarında (locative singular third-person)
kehribarlarında (locative singular third-person)
kehribarımızda (first-person locative plural)
kehribarlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
kehribarınızda (locative plural second-person)
kehribarlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
kehribarlarında (locative plural third-person)
kehribarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
kehribarlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
kehribarından (ablative second-person singular)
kehribarlarından (ablative second-person singular)
kehribarından (ablative singular third-person)
kehribarlarından (ablative singular third-person)
kehribarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
kehribarlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
kehribarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
kehribarlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
kehribarlarından (ablative plural third-person)
kehribarımın (first-person genitive singular)
kehribarlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
kehribarının (genitive second-person singular)
kehribarlarının (genitive second-person singular)
kehribarının (genitive singular third-person)
kehribarlarının (genitive singular third-person)
kehribarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
kehribarlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
kehribarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
kehribarlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
kehribarlarının (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish كهربار (kehribar, kehrübar), vulgar form of كهربا (kehrüba), borrowed from Persian کهربا (kahrobâ).


agalloch

From Ancient Greek ἀγάλοχον (agálokhon).

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis#Translingual

The soft, aromatic, resinous wood of Aquilaria malaccensis (formerly Aquilaria agallocha).


liquidambar

en-noun

liquidambar (countable and uncountable, plural liquidambars)

Liquidambar styraciflua
Liquidambar styraciflua#Translingual

A resinous gum that exudes from the bark of the tree Liquidambar styraciflua.


ammoniacum

From Middle English armoniacum, from Latin ammōniacum, armōniacum.

gum ammoniac, a resin exuded from several species of Ferula.


ammoniacum

la-noun

ammōniacum n (genitive ammōniacī); second declension

ammōniacum (canonical neuter)
ammōniacī (genitive)
ammōniacum (nominative singular)
ammōniaca (nominative plural)
ammōniacī (genitive singular)
ammōniacōrum (genitive plural)
ammōniacō (dative singular)
ammōniacīs (dative plural)
ammōniacum (accusative singular)
ammōniaca (accusative plural)
ammōniacō (ablative singular)
ammōniacīs (ablative plural)
ammōniacum (singular vocative)
ammōniaca (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμμωνιακόν (ammōniakón) and neuter of ammōniacus from Ammōn.

أُشَّق أشق#Arabic


ܩܘܡܐ

qawmā (romanization)
ܩܘܡܐ (plural)
ܩܘܡ (absolute singular)
ܩܘܡܝܢ (absolute plural)
ܩܘܡ (construct singular)
ܩܘܡܝ (construct plural)
ܩܘܡܐ (emphatic singular)
ܩܘܡܐ (emphatic plural)
ܩܘܡܝ (common-gender first-person possessive singular)
ܩܘܡܟ (masculine possessive second-person singular)
ܩܘܡܝܟ (masculine possessive second-person singular)
ܩܘܡܟܝ (feminine possessive second-person singular)
ܩܘܡܝܟܝ (feminine possessive second-person singular)
ܩܘܡܗ (masculine possessive singular third-person)
ܩܘܡܘܗܝ (masculine possessive singular third-person)
ܩܘܡܗ (feminine possessive singular third-person)
ܩܘܡܝܗ (feminine possessive singular third-person)
ܩܘܡܢ (common-gender first-person plural possessive)
ܩܘܡܝܢ (common-gender first-person plural possessive)
ܩܘܡܟܘܢ (masculine plural possessive second-person)
ܩܘܡܝܟܘܢ (masculine plural possessive second-person)
ܩܘܡܟܝܢ (feminine plural possessive second-person)
ܩܘܡܝܟܝܢ (feminine plural possessive second-person)
ܩܘܡܗܘܢ (masculine plural possessive third-person)
ܩܘܡܝܗܘܢ (masculine plural possessive third-person)
ܩܘܡܗܝܢ (feminine plural possessive third-person)
ܩܘܡܝܗܝܢ (feminine plural possessive third-person)

From the root ܩ-ܘ-ܡ (q-w-m) related to rising.

rising, rising up, standing, standing still


gudro

eo-head

gudro (accusative singular gudron, plural gudroj, accusative plural gudrojn)

gudron (accusative singular)
gudroj (plural)
gudrojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from French goudron and Russian гудро́н (gudrón), ultimately from Arabic قطران (“tar, asphalt”). Compare Romanian gudron/catran, Turkish katran, Italian catrame, Spanish alquitrán, Portuguese alcatrão.


pryskyřice

pryskyřice (nominative singular)
pryskyřice (nominative plural)
pryskyřice (genitive singular)
pryskyřic (genitive plural)
pryskyřici (dative singular)
pryskyřicím (dative plural)
pryskyřici (accusative singular)
pryskyřice (accusative plural)
pryskyřice (singular vocative)
pryskyřice (plural vocative)
pryskyřici (locative singular)
pryskyřicích (locative plural)
pryskyřicí (instrumental singular)
pryskyřicemi (instrumental plural)

resin (a viscous hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees)