σαρκοκόλλα

σαρκοκόλλᾰ • (sarkokólla) f (genitive σαρκοκόλλης); first declension

σαρκοκόλλᾰ (canonical)
sarkokólla (romanization)
σαρκοκόλλης (genitive)
ἡ σαρκοκόλλᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σαρκοκόλλᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σαρκοκόλλαι (nominative plural)
τῆς σαρκοκόλλης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σαρκοκόλλαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σαρκοκολλῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σαρκοκόλλῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σαρκοκόλλαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σαρκοκόλλαις (dative plural)
τὴν σαρκοκόλλᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σαρκοκόλλᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σαρκοκόλλᾱς (accusative plural)
σαρκοκόλλᾰ (singular vocative)
σαρκοκόλλᾱ (dual vocative)
σαρκοκόλλαι (plural vocative)

→ Latin: sarcocolla

→ English: sarcocolla

Middle English: sarcocol, sarcocolle

English: sarcocol

From σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

compound

sarcocolla (Persian resin used in traditional medicine and paint manufacture)

milkvetch (flowering shrubs of the genus Astragalus, particularly A. sarcocolla, source of the resin)


βδέλλιον

grc-noun

βδέλλῐον • (bdéllion) n (genitive βδελλῐ́ου); second declension

βδέλλῐον (canonical)
bdéllion (romanization)
βδελλῐ́ου (genitive)
τὸ βδέλλῐον (nominative singular)
τὼ βδελλῐ́ω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βδέλλῐᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βδελλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βδελλῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βδελλῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βδελλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βδελλῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βδελλῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸ βδέλλῐον (accusative singular)
τὼ βδελλῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βδέλλῐᾰ (accusative plural)
βδέλλῐον (singular vocative)
βδελλῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βδέλλῐᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: bdellium

From Hebrew בְּדֹלַח (bəḏṓlaḥ), cognate with Akkadian 𒁉𒁺𒌨𒄷 (bidurḫu).

der

Hebrew בְּדֹלַח (bəḏṓlaḥ)

bdellium, an aromatic gum obtained from Commiphora africana


μάλδακον

grc-noun

μᾰ́λδᾰκον • (máldakon) n (genitive μᾰλδᾰ́κου); second declension

μᾰ́λδᾰκον (canonical)
máldakon (romanization)
μᾰλδᾰ́κου (genitive)
τὸ μᾰ́λδᾰκον (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾰλδᾰ́κω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́λδᾰκᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰλδᾰ́κου (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾰλδᾰ́κοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν μᾰλδᾰ́κων (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰλδᾰ́κῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾰλδᾰ́κοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰλδᾰ́κοις (dative plural)
τὸ μᾰ́λδᾰκον (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾰλδᾰ́κω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μᾰ́λδᾰκᾰ (accusative plural)
μᾰ́λδᾰκον (singular vocative)
μᾰλδᾰ́κω (dual vocative)
μᾰ́λδᾰκᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: maldacon

Furnée thinks it is a Semitic loan standing for *μαδαλκον (*madalkon), and compares בְּדֹלַח (bdólakh) and Akkadian 𒁉𒁺𒌨𒄷 (bidurḫu).


մախտ

From Middle Armenian մախթ (maxtʻ), մաղթ (maġtʻ).

մարխի մարխի#Armenian

(dialectal, Hamshen) resin of the մարխի (marxi) tree


بارزد

ar-noun

بَارْزَد • (bārzad) m

بَارْزَد (canonical)
bārzad (romanization)
بَارْزَد (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَارْزَد (definite informal singular triptote)
بَارْزَد (construct informal singular triptote)
بَارْزَدٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَارْزَدُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَارْزَدُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بَارْزَدًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَارْزَدَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَارْزَدَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بَارْزَدٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَارْزَدِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
بَارْزَدِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Ferula galbaniflua (syn. F. gummosa), as well as the aromatic resin extracted from it (galbanum)


cummis

la-noun

cummis f (genitive cummis or cummeos); third declension

cummis (genitive)
cummeos (genitive)
cummis (nominative singular)
cummēs (nominative plural)
cummis (genitive singular)
cummeos (genitive singular)
cummium (genitive plural)
cummī (dative singular)
cummibus (dative plural)
cummim (accusative singular)
cummēs (accusative plural)
cummīs (accusative plural)
cummī (ablative singular)
cummibus (ablative plural)
cummis (singular vocative)
cummēs (plural vocative)

English: gum

French: gomme

Italian: gomma

Lombard: goma

→ Romanian: gumă

Sicilian: gumma

Spanish: goma


λήδανον

grc-noun

λήδᾰνον • (lḗdanon) n (genitive ληδᾰ́νου); second declension

λήδᾰνον (canonical)
lḗdanon (romanization)
ληδᾰ́νου (genitive)
τὸ λήδᾰνον (nominative singular)
τὼ ληδᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ λήδᾰνᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ληδᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ληδᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ληδᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ ληδᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ληδᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ληδᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸ λήδᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ ληδᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ λήδᾰνᾰ (accusative plural)
λήδᾰνον (singular vocative)
ληδᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
λήδᾰνᾰ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: lādanum

→ Old Armenian: ղանդանոն (łandanon)

A loan, originally from Semitic. Compare Akkadian 𒆷𒁷𒉡 (ladinnu).

labdanum, a resin obtained from rockroses


ترنجبين

ar-noun

تَرَنْجَبِين

تَرَنْجُبِين

تَرَنْجَبِين or تَرَنْجُبِين • (taranjabīn or taranjubīn) m

تَرَنْجَبِين (canonical)
تَرَنْجُبِين (canonical)
taranjabīn (romanization)
taranjubīn (romanization)
تَرَنْجَبِين (indefinite informal singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِين (indefinite informal singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجَبِين (definite informal singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجُبِين (definite informal singular triptote)
تَرَنْجَبِين (construct informal singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِين (construct informal singular triptote)
تَرَنْجَبِينٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِينٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجَبِينُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجُبِينُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
تَرَنْجَبِينُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِينُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
تَرَنْجَبِينًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِينًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجَبِينَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجُبِينَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
تَرَنْجَبِينَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِينَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
تَرَنْجَبِينٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِينٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجَبِينِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
التَّرَنْجُبِينِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
تَرَنْجَبِينِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
تَرَنْجُبِينِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

تَرَنْجَبِين

تَرَنْجُبِين

→ Medieval Latin: tereniabin

desc

→ Persian: ترنجبین (taranjabin, taranjobin)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترنجبین (terencebin, terencübin)

From Classical Persian ترنگبین (tarangubin, tarangabin), ترانگبین (tar-angubin, tar-angabin, “Persian manna”), from تر (tar, “moist”) + انگبین (angabin, angubin, “honey”).

bor

Persian mannaplant, Alhagi maurorum syn. Alhagi persarum

a saccharine honeydew forming on this plant, effective as a laxative, cholagogue and immunostimulant


كز

Turkish: gez

→ Crimean Tatar: gez

Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus#Translingual


σμύρνα

grc-noun

σμῠ́ρνᾰ • (smúrna) f (genitive σμῠ́ρνης); first declension

σμῠ́ρνᾰ (canonical)
smúrna (romanization)
σμῠ́ρνης (genitive)
ἡ σμῠ́ρνᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ σμῠ́ρνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ σμῠ́ρναι (nominative plural)
τῆς σμῠ́ρνης (genitive singular)
τοῖν σμῠ́ρναιν (dual genitive)
τῶν σμῠρνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ σμῠ́ρνῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν σμῠ́ρναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς σμῠ́ρναις (dative plural)
τὴν σμῠ́ρνᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ σμῠ́ρνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς σμῠ́ρνᾱς (accusative plural)
σμῠ́ρνᾰ (singular vocative)
σμῠ́ρνᾱ (dual vocative)
σμῠ́ρναι (plural vocative)

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܡܽܘܪܢܳܐ (smurnā)

→ Coptic: ⲥⲙⲩⲣⲛⲏⲥ (smurnēs)

→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽 (smwrn)

→ Latin: smyrna

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: змѵ́рьна (zmǘrĭna)

→ Belarusian: смі́рна (smírna)

→ Russian: сми́рна (smírna)

→ Ukrainian: сми́рна (smýrna)

According to Beekes, probably from the city of Σμύρνα (Smúrna, “Izmir”), itself apparently of unknown origin, and not a by-form of μύρρα (múrrha, “myrrh”).

Commiphora myrrha
Commiphora myrrha#Translingual

Indian bdellium, false myrrh, the resin of Commiphora wightii


βάλσαμον

grc-noun

βᾰ́λσᾰμον • (bálsamon) n (genitive βᾰλσᾰμου); second declension

βᾰ́λσᾰμον (canonical)
bálsamon (romanization)
βᾰλσᾰμου (genitive)
τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον (nominative singular)
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βᾰλσᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βᾰλσᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ βᾰλσᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βᾰλσᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (accusative plural)
βᾰ́λσᾰμον (singular vocative)
βᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَيْلَسان (baylasān), بَلَسَان (balasān), بَلْسَم (balsam), بِلْسَام (bilsām), بَشَام (bašām)
→ Amharic: በለሳን (bäläsan)
→ Old Armenian: բալասան (balasan)
→ Middle Armenian: պալասան (palasan)
→ Ge'ez: በለሳን (bäläsan), በልሳን (bälsan), በለሶን (bäläson)
→ Somali: bilsin
→ Tigrinya: በለሳን (bäläsan)

→ Aramaic:

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: בלזמה, בלסנה

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בלסמון

Classical Syriac: ܒܠܣܡܘܢ, ܒܠܣܝܡܘܢ, ܒܐܠܣܡܘܢ

→ Latin: balsamum (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Armenian: բաղսամոն (bałsamon)

→ Old Georgian: ბარსაბონი (barsaboni)

Of Semitic origin, borrowed from Hebrew בָּשָׂם (bāśām, “sweet spice, sweet smell”), the consonant sequence in Greek being explained as an attempt of rendering שׂ (ś) sounding back then [ɬ]; the semantic development may later have been attached to Aramaic and Ancient North Arabian.

bor

Arabian balsam tree (Commiphora gileadensis)

balsam, the fragrant oil produced by this tree

Tanacetum balsamita
Tanacetum balsamita#Translingual


قنة

قِنَّة (canonical)
qinna (romanization)
قِنَّة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقِنَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
قِنَّة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
قِنَّةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقِنَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
قِنَّةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
قِنَّةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الْقِنَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
قِنَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
قِنَّةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقِنَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
قِنَّةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)

From the root ق ن ي (q-n-y) related to acquiring, for the gum acquired. But rather so formed in Ge'ez where the same root exists and a broader meaning in ቀንአት (ḳännəʾät), ቅንአት (ḳənnəʾät), ቀንዓት (ḳännəʿat, “galbanum; stacta”), which to derive vice versa from Arabic is formally dubious. Possibly a phono-semantic matching of Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi) or in Ethiopia directly its Egyptian etymon or the Aramaic descendant.

psm

any Ferula plant, as well as the gum of such a plant (galbanum)


μάκιρ

head

μάκιρ • (mákir)

→ Latin: macir (see there for further descendants)

unk

Oriental

macir, the fragrant resin of Ailanthus triphysa


կուպր

head

կուպր • (kupr)

xcl-noun

կուպր • (kupr)

kupr (romanization)
կուպր (nominative singular uncountable)
կպրոյ (genitive singular uncountable)
կպրոյ (dative singular uncountable)
կուպր (accusative singular uncountable)
կպրոյ (ablative singular uncountable)
կպրով (instrumental singular uncountable)
կուպր (locative singular uncountable)
կուպր (nominative singular uncountable)
կպեր (genitive singular uncountable)
կպեր (dative singular uncountable)
կուպր (accusative singular uncountable)
կպերէ (ablative singular uncountable)
կպերբ (instrumental singular uncountable)
կպեր (locative singular uncountable)

desctree

Armenian: կուպր (kupr)
→ Georgian: კუპრი (ḳuṗri)
→ Bats: კუპრ (ḳuṗr)

A Semitic borrowing: compare Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”), whence Aramaic כּוּפְרָא / ܟܘܦܪܐ (kūp̄rā, “pitch, tar; asphalt”) and Arabic كُفْر (kufr, “pitch, tar”).

cog

Aramaic כּוּפְרָא

Եւ ասեն այր ցընկեր իւր․ Եկայք արկցուք աղիւս եւ թրծեսցուք զայն հրով։ Եւ եղեւ նոցա աղիւսն ի տեղի քարի, եւ կուպր ի տեղի շաղախոյ։

And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.” And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar.

Ew asen ayr cʻənker iwr; Ekaykʻ arkcʻukʻ ałiws ew tʻrcescʻukʻ zayn hrov. Ew ełew nocʻa ałiwsn i tełi kʻari, ew kupr i tełi šałaxoy.


علك

ar-noun

عِلْك • (ʕilk) m (plural عُلُوك (ʕulūk) or أَعْلَاك (ʔaʕlāk))

عِلْك (canonical)
ʕilk (romanization)
عُلُوك (plural)
أَعْلَاك (plural)
عِلْك (indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الْعِلْك (definite informal masculine singular triptote)
عِلْكَة (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَة (ar-infl-a definite feminine informal singular triptote)
عِلْكٌ (indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الْعِلْكُ (definite masculine nominative singular triptote)
عِلْكَةٌ (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَةُ (ar-infl-a definite feminine nominative singular triptote)
عِلْكًا (accusative indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَ (accusative definite masculine singular triptote)
عِلْكَةً (accusative ar-infl-a feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite feminine singular triptote)
عِلْكٍ (genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعِلْكِ (definite genitive masculine singular triptote)
عِلْكَةٍ (ar-infl-a feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَةِ (ar-infl-a definite feminine genitive singular triptote)
عِلْكَيْن (dual indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَيْن (definite dual informal masculine singular triptote)
عِلْكَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine informal singular triptote)
عِلْكَانِ (dual indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَانِ (definite dual masculine nominative singular triptote)
عِلْكَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine nominative singular triptote)
عِلْكَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَيْنِ (accusative definite dual masculine singular triptote)
عِلْكَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual feminine singular triptote)
عِلْكَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَيْنِ (definite dual genitive masculine singular triptote)
عِلْكَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعِلْكَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine genitive singular triptote)
عُلُوك (broken-form indefinite informal masculine plural triptote)
أَعْلَاك (broken-form indefinite informal masculine plural triptote)
الْعُلُوك (broken-form definite informal masculine plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَاك (broken-form definite informal masculine plural triptote)
عِلْكَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْعِلْكَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
عُلُوكٌ (broken-form indefinite masculine nominative plural triptote)
أَعْلَاكٌ (broken-form indefinite masculine nominative plural triptote)
الْعُلُوكُ (broken-form definite masculine nominative plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَاكُ (broken-form definite masculine nominative plural triptote)
عِلْكَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْعِلْكَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
عُلُوكًا (accusative broken-form indefinite masculine plural triptote)
أَعْلَاكًا (accusative broken-form indefinite masculine plural triptote)
الْعُلُوكَ (accusative broken-form definite masculine plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَاكَ (accusative broken-form definite masculine plural triptote)
عِلْكَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْعِلْكَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
عُلُوكٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite masculine plural triptote)
أَعْلَاكٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite masculine plural triptote)
الْعُلُوكِ (broken-form definite genitive masculine plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَاكِ (broken-form definite genitive masculine plural triptote)
عِلْكَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْعِلْكَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Gulf Arabic: علچ (ʕilč)

resin, mastix, gum, chewing gum and the like


کما

→ Translingual: Ferula kuma

Borrowed from Aramaic קוֹמָּא (qommā) / ܩܘܡܐ (qommā, “acacia gum”), from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “acacia gum”), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

der

(modernly employed for) various Ferula and what is now Dorema species


flesh glue

A calque of Ancient Greek σαρκοκόλλα (sarkokólla), from σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue, adhesive”) from its traditional use sealing wounds. Compare meat glue and German Fleischleim.

clq

Frankincense, mastick, rosin, flesh-glue are the juices and gums of certain trees.

1659, Thomas Horne & al. translating Jan Amos Komenský (Comenius) as The Gate of Languages Unlocked, Ch. 11, §124

(obsolete) Synonym of sarcocolla as a resin.


ուպան

head

ուպան • (upan)

The origin is unknown. Perhaps a shortening of Ancient Greek ὀποπάναξ (opopánax).

unk

unknown

Քաղբան = բարկժատ, ուպանի խիժ։
Kʻałban = barkžat, upani xiž.
χαλβάνη (khalbánē) = barkžat, gum of upan

6th–12th? centuries, Baṙkʻ Gałianosi [The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen]

Անգուտան եւ բառզդ = ուպանի տակ։
Angutan ew baṙzd = upani tak.
أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān, “asafoetida”) and بَارْزَد (bārzad, “galbanum”) = root of the upan

9th or 10th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Tʻargmanutʻiwn dełocʻ zor əntrel en imastasērkʻn ew kargeal yayl lezuacʻ [A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary]

Ուպան․ որ է անկուժատն․ յշծ իր համարն։
Upan; or ē ankužatn; yšc ir hamarn.
Upan = Is the asafoetida. It is mentioned under its number.

1478 – 1492, Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi, Angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses]

Ուպան, որ է անկուժատն, որ է անկուզակն։
Upan, or ē ankužatn, or ē ankuzakn.
Upan = Is the asafoetida, which is the ankuzak.

1614 – 1622, Asar Sebastacʻi, Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti [Book of Medical Art]

Ferula assa-foetida
Ferula assa-foetida#Translingual

a plant whose root produces a resinous gum: laserwort, Laserpitium or Ferula assa-foetida or Ferula galbaniflua or Opopanax chironium; and its resinous gum, respectively: laser or asafoetida or galbanum or opopanax


عنزروت

ar-noun

عَنْزَرُوت • (ʕanzarūt) m

عَنْزَرُوت (canonical)
ʕanzarūt (romanization)
عَنْزَرُوت (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَنْزَرُوت (definite informal singular triptote)
عَنْزَرُوت (construct informal singular triptote)
عَنْزَرُوتٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَنْزَرُوتُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَنْزَرُوتُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
عَنْزَرُوتًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَنْزَرُوتَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَنْزَرُوتَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
عَنْزَرُوتٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَنْزَرُوتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
عَنْزَرُوتِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Old French: anserout

desc

Middle French: anserout, ansarot, anserot

→ Old Spanish: anzarote, azarote, anzarot, ansarote, ansarot, anxarot, anzaroth

Medieval Latin: acarud, acarudus

→ Ottoman Turkish: عنزروت (anzerut)

sarcocolla (resin of A. sarcocolla and a few similar shrubs)


انزروت

desctree

→ Arabic: عَنْزَرُوت (ʕanzarūt), أَنْزَرُوت (ʔanzarūt)
→ Old French: anserout
Middle French: anserout, ansarot, anserot
→ Old Spanish: anzarote, azarote, anzarot, ansarote, ansarot, anxarot, anzaroth
Medieval Latin: acarud, acarudus
→ Ottoman Turkish: عنزروت (anzerut)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܥܢܙܪܘܬ (ʕanzarūṯ), ܐܢܙܪܘܬ (ʔanzarūṯ), ܐܝܙܪܘܬ (ʔīzarūṯ), ܐܝܙܪܘܝ (ʔīzarūy), ܐܙܪܘܝ (ʔəzzarūy), ܥܙܪܘܝ (ʕəzzarūy), ܐܢܙܪܘܝ (ʔanzarūy)

→ Middle Armenian: անծրութ (ancrutʻ)

Armenian: անձրութ (anjrutʻ)

→ Old Catalan: angelot

→ Old Provençal: angelot

→ Coptic: ⲁⲛⲥⲁⲣⲱⲑ (ansarōth)

→ Old Italian: angerutto

→ Ottoman Turkish: انزروت (enzerut)

Turkish: anzarot

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔæn.zæ.ɹúːt̪]


աւշակ

head

աւշակ • (awšak)

→ Armenian: ավշակ (avšak)

From Arabic أُشَّق (ʔuššaq), وُشَّق (wuššaq). Some of the alternative forms are probably directly from the Middle Iranian source of the Arabic.

ասաիճ (vars. ասայիճ, աստիճ) = վաշակ որ է օշ (vars. վաղակ որ է օշակ, վաշակն որ է աւշախն, վաշակ որ է աւշ)
asaič (vars. asayič, astič) = vašak or ē ōš (vars. vałak or ē ōšak, vašakn or ē awšaxn, vašak or ē awš)
أُشَّج (ʔuššaj) = vašak which is the ōš

աւշակ = վաշակ
awšak = vašak
أُشَّق (ʔuššaq) = vašak


ورنيش

ar-noun

وَرْنِيش • (warnīš) m

وَرْنِيش (canonical)
warnīš (romanization)
وَرْنِيش (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْوَرْنِيش (definite informal singular triptote)
وَرْنِيش (construct informal singular triptote)
وَرْنِيشٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْوَرْنِيشُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
وَرْنِيشُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
وَرْنِيشًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَرْنِيشَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
وَرْنِيشَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
وَرْنِيشٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَرْنِيشِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
وَرْنِيشِ (construct genitive singular triptote)


لك

لَكّ (canonical)
lakk (romanization)
لَكّ (indefinite informal singular triptote)
اللَّكّ (definite informal singular triptote)
لَكّ (construct informal singular triptote)
لَكٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
اللَّكُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
لَكُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
لَكًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
اللَّكَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
لَكَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
لَكٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
اللَّكِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
لَكِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Middle Armenian: լոք (lokʻ)

From Persian لاک (lâk), from Urdu لاکھ (lākh) / Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā).

أما قسم الأواني والأدوات المطلية باللك، فيضم أعمال منطقة «جوبوجي» موقع إنتاج اللك الخام، حيث حافظت المنطقة على طريقة تقليدية لجمع عصارة اللك وتناقلتها عبر الأجيال، وهي تنطوي على شق الشجرة التي تفرز اللك لجمع العصارة بطريقة تحمي الأشجار القديمة من التلف. وتعد الأعمال المطلية باللك ذات حرفة فريدة من نوعها في اليابان، حتى أنه أصبح يُشار إليها الآن باسم «يابان» في جميع أنحاء العالم.

2014 November 14, “ar: ثقافة منطقة توهوكو اليابانية وحرفها تتألق في معرض بالقاهرة”, in Aš-Šarq Al-ʾAwsaṭ:


بالدرغان

head

بالدرغان • (baldırğan)

ota-noun

بالدرغان • (baldırğan)

Turkish: baldırgan, baldırğan (dialectal)

See بالدران (baldıran, “poison hemlock”) for more information.


حلتیت

head

حلتیت • (hıltit)

ota-noun

حلتیت • (hıltit)

Turkish: hıthıt, hiltit, hıltıt, hıltit

Borrowed from Arabic حِلْتِيت (ḥiltīt, “asafoetida”), itself from Aramaic חלתיתא (ḥeltīṯā, “asafoetida”).

bor+

asafoetida, hing, devil's dung, a resinous gum from the stem and roots of Ferula species


حلتیت

hing, devil's dung (Ferula assa-foetida)


كثيراء

ar-noun

كَثِيرَاء • (kaṯīrāʔ) f

كَثِيرَاء (canonical)
kaṯīrāʔ (romanization)
كَثِيرَاء (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكَثِيرَاء (definite informal singular triptote)
كَثِيرَاء (construct informal singular triptote)
كَثِيرَاءٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَثِيرَاءُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَثِيرَاءُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كَثِيرَاءً (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَثِيرَاءَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَثِيرَاءَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كَثِيرَاءٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَثِيرَاءِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كَثِيرَاءِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Old Catalan: alquitirra

→ Old Italian: chitirra, chiturca

desc

→ Persian: کثیرا (kasirâ), کثیره (kasire), کتیرا (katirâ, ketirâ), کتیره (ketire), کتره

→ Azerbaijani: kitrə

→ Ottoman Turkish: كثیرا (kesira), كتره (kitre)

Turkish: kitre

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: alcatira, alquitira, alquetira

→ Old Spanish: alquitira, alquetira

Spanish: alquitira, alquetira


مصطكى

ar-noun

مُصْطَكَى • (muṣṭakā) f

مُصْطَكَى (canonical)
muṣṭakā (romanization)
مُصْطَكَى (indefinite informal invariable singular)
الْمُصْطَكَى (definite informal invariable singular)
مُصْطَكَى (construct informal invariable singular)
مُصْطَكَى (indefinite invariable nominative singular)
الْمُصْطَكَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُصْطَكَى (construct invariable nominative singular)
مُصْطَكَى (accusative indefinite invariable singular)
الْمُصْطَكَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُصْطَكَى (accusative construct invariable singular)
مُصْطَكَى (genitive indefinite invariable singular)
الْمُصْطَكَى (definite genitive invariable singular)
مُصْطَكَى (construct genitive invariable singular)

→ Azerbaijani: mastika

→ Egyptian Arabic: مستيكة (mastika)

→ Persian: مصطکی (mastaki)

→ Moroccan Arabic: مسكة (maska)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: ماستقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستیقه (mastıka, mastika), ماستكی (masteki)

Turkish: mastika

From Aramaic מצטכי, מצטיכי, ܡܘܣܛܟܗ (/mūṣṭəḵē/), from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē).

Holonyms: ضَرْو (ḍarw), رَامَك (rāmak)

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual

mastic, the gum-resin of Pistacia lentiscus


γλοιός

grc-noun

γλοιός • (gloiós) m (genitive γλοιοῦ); second declension

gloiós (romanization)
γλοιοῦ (genitive)
ὁ γλοιός (nominative singular)
τὼ γλοιώ (dual nominative)
οἱ γλοιοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ γλοιοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν γλοιοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν γλοιῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ γλοιῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν γλοιοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς γλοιοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν γλοιόν (accusative singular)
τὼ γλοιώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς γλοιούς (accusative plural)
γλοιέ (singular vocative)
γλοιώ (dual vocative)
γλοιοί (plural vocative)

If from *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós), the word agrees with Proto-Slavic *glěvъ (“slime”). If, however, it derives from *γλοιι̯ός (*gloii̯ós), the word may correspond to Proto-Germanic *klajjaz (“clay”). All these words derive from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, paste, stick together”). See also γλίνη (glínē, “any viscous substance”), γλία (glía, “glue”), γλίσχρος (glískhros, “sticky, penurious”).

der

oil and dirt scraped off with the strigil


کماشیر

head

کماشیر • (kamâšir)

fa-noun

کماشیر • (kamâšir)

desc

→ Arabic: كَمَاشِير (kamāšīr)

→ Arabic: كَمَاشِير (kamāšīr)

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɔː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰʲæ.mɒː.ʃiːɹ]

an opopanax-like gum from a certain umbelliferous plant


ἰξός

grc-noun

ἰξός • (ixós) m (genitive ἰξοῦ); second declension

ixós (romanization)
ἰξοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἰξός (nominative singular)
τὼ ἰξώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἰξοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἰξοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἰξοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἰξῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἰξῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἰξοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἰξοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἰξόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἰξώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἰξούς (accusative plural)
ἰξέ (singular vocative)
ἰξώ (dual vocative)
ἰξοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ιξός (ixós)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: اوكسه (ökse)
Turkish: ökse
→ Armenian: էօքսէ (ēōkʻsē)
→ Azerbaijani: öksə

An old cultural word, identical with Latin viscum (“mistletoe”), thus implying a pre-form *ϝιξ(ο-) (*wix(o-)). It has been compared with Proto-Slavic *višьňa (“sour cherry”) and Proto-Germanic *wīhsilō (“sour cherry”). Chantraine considers a common derivation from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱs-, but, according to Beekes, given its structure and limited distribution it is likely a loanword from a European substrate.


μοκρότου

kind of frankincense mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea


옻

First attested in the Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 옷 (Yale: wòs).


sandarusi

Borrowed from Arabic سَنْدَرُوس (sandarūs).

bor+

the resin from East African copal (Hymenaea verrucosa)


ἀμμωνιακόν

grc-noun

ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν • (ammōniakón) n (genitive ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῦ); second declension

ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (canonical)
ammōniakón (romanization)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῦ (genitive)
τὸ ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀμμωνῐᾰκώ (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ἀμμωνῐᾰκᾰ́ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀμμωνῐᾰκῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀμμωνῐᾰκῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀμμωνῐᾰκοῖς (dative plural)
τὸ ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀμμωνῐᾰκώ (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ἀμμωνῐᾰκᾰ́ (accusative plural)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκόν (singular vocative)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκώ (dual vocative)
ἀμμωνῐᾰκᾰ́ (plural vocative)

→ Latin: ammōniacum

Genericized neuter form of Ἀμμωνῐᾰκός (Ammōniakós, “of Ammon”).


عود آغاجی

head

عود آغاجی • (öd ağacı)

Turkish: öd ağacı

desc

→ Armenian: էօտ աղաճը (ēōt aġačə)

→ Armenian: էօտ աղաճը (ēōt aġačə)


էօտ աղաճը

head

էօտ աղաճը • (ēōt aġačə)

hy-noun

էօտ աղաճը • (ēōt aġačə)

tlb

(Western Armenian, dialectal, traditional orthography)

/œd ɑʁɑˈd͡ʒə/

[œd ɑʁɑd͡ʒə́]

From Ottoman Turkish عود آغاجی (öd ağacı).

օտաղաճի․ լէնեօ տալօէ
ōtaġači; lēneō talōē
օտաղաճի (ōtaġači) = legno d'aloe

ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 64


βλόχον

grc-noun

βλόχον • (blókhon) n (genitive βλόχου); second declension

blókhon (romanization)
βλόχου (genitive)
τὸ βλόχον (nominative singular)
τὼ βλόχω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ βλόχᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ βλόχου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βλόχοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βλόχων (genitive plural)
τῷ βλόχῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βλόχοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βλόχοις (dative plural)
τὸ βλόχον (accusative singular)
τὼ βλόχω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ βλόχᾰ (accusative plural)
βλόχον (singular vocative)
βλόχω (dual vocative)
βλόχᾰ (plural vocative)


पालङ्की

pālaṅkī (romanization)
पालङ्की (nominative singular)
पालङ्क्यौ (dual nominative)
पालङ्की1 (dual nominative)
पालङ्क्यः (nominative plural)
पालङ्कीः1 (nominative plural)
पालङ्कि (singular vocative)
पालङ्क्यौ (dual vocative)
पालङ्की1 (dual vocative)
पालङ्क्यः (plural vocative)
पालङ्कीः1 (plural vocative)
पालङ्कीम् (accusative singular)
पालङ्क्यौ (accusative dual)
पालङ्की1 (accusative dual)
पालङ्कीः (accusative plural)
पालङ्क्या (instrumental singular)
पालङ्कीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पालङ्कीभिः (instrumental plural)
पालङ्क्यै (dative singular)
पालङ्कीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पालङ्कीभ्यः (dative plural)
पालङ्क्याः (ablative singular)
पालङ्क्यै2 (ablative singular)
पालङ्कीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पालङ्कीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पालङ्क्याः (genitive singular)
पालङ्क्यै2 (genitive singular)
पालङ्क्योः (dual genitive)
पालङ्कीनाम् (genitive plural)
पालङ्क्याम् (locative singular)
पालङ्क्योः (dual locative)
पालङ्कीषु (locative plural)

/pɑːˈl̪ɐŋ.kiː/

gum olibanum, Indian frankincense (Boswellia thurifera)


ܐܢܩܬ ܐܝܠܐ

head

ܐܢܩܬ ܐܝܠܐ • (ʾanqaṯ ʾaylā) m

First part from Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha), unclear else.

unk

unclear


Bordeaux turpentine

Pinus pinaster
Pinus pinaster#Translingual

The resin of the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster).


Cyprus turpentine

Pistacia terebinthus
Pistacia terebinthus#Translingual

A tree of species Pistacia terebinthus, of lands of the Mediterranean.

(now historical) A preparation from the resin of the terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus).


Strasburg turpentine

(now historical) The resin obtained from the European silver fir (Abies taxifolia syn. Abies picea, now considered synonymous to Abies alba) which was used for a brilliant varnish.


white turpentine

from the European silver fir (Abies alba) which was used for a brilliant varnish.

Pinus palustris
Pinus palustris#Translingual

or from the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris).

or from the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda).


venetiansk terpentin

venetiansk terpentin (indefinite nominative singular)

From venetiansk (“Venetian”) + terpentin (“turpentine”).


داذي

ar-noun

دَاذِيّ • (dāḏiyy) m

دَاذِيّ (canonical)
dāḏiyy (romanization)
دَاذِي (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الدَّاذِي (definite informal singular triptote)
دَاذِي (construct informal singular triptote)
دَاذِيٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّاذِيُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
دَاذِيُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
دَاذِيًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الدَّاذِيَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
دَاذِيَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
دَاذِيٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الدَّاذِيِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
دَاذِيِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Considering the trees in question palms, from the Sauraseni Prakrit predecessor of Hindi ताड़ी (tāṛī, “palm-sap, toddy”), and based on a relation to pines via Aramaic – encountered as Jewish Palestinian Aramaic דדינין, דדנין (daddīnīn, plural), Classical Syriac ܕܐܕܝܢ (/dāḏīn/) – from Ancient Greek δᾳδίον (dāidíon, “resinous pine wood, Kien”), diminutive of δαΐς (daḯs, “pinewood”).

bor

resinous pine wood, <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Kien</i>

شَرِبْنَا مِنَ الدَّاذِيِّ حَتَّى كَأَنَّنَا
مُلُوكٌ، لَنَا بَرُّ العِرَاقَيْنِ وَٱلْبَحْرُ

a. 600, عَدِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ العِبَادِيُّ [ʿadī ibn zayd al-ʿibādīy], quoted by Lisān al-ʿArab:

We drank toddy until it was as if
we were kings, we had wheat of the Iraqis and sea.

šaribnā mina d-dāḏiyyi ḥattā ka-ʔanna-nā
mulūkun, la-nā barru l-ʕirāqayni wa-l-baḥru

أَخَذْتُ مِنَ ٱلدِّبْسِ ٱلرَّجَانِيِّ أَبْيَضًا نَقِيًّا أغالي فِيهِ بِٱلثَّمَنِ ٱلْوَفْرِ
وَمِنْ جَيِّدِ ٱلدَّاذِيِّ مَا لَيْسَ مِثْلَهُ

a. 995, الأحنف العكبري [al-ʾaḵnaf al-ʿakbarī], أخذت من الدبس الرجاني أبيضا (first line):

I took from the molasses of Arjan, pure of throes, profuse in worth,
And from good toddy to which there is no equal.

داذيّ القطران هو صافي القطران عن مسيح.

a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 242 (fol. 24r,1), page 433:

Dādīy of tar is pure tar according to Masīḥ.

الداذيّ الرومي هو الهيوفاريقون عن حنون.

a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 243 (fol. 24r,2–3), page 433:

St. John's wort (Hypericum gen. et spp.)

Cercis siliquastrum
Cercis siliquastrum#Translingual

(obsolete, al-Andalus) Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum)

(obsolete, al-Andalus) Lecanora esculenta


almáciga

Borrowed from Arabic مُصْطَكَى (muṣṭakā, “mastic”), from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē, “mastic”), through Andalusian Arabic.

der

a yellowy resin extracted from Pistacia lentiscus (mastic tree), mastic


𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽

smwrn (romanization)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽 (nominative singular)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽𐌰 (nominative plural)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽 (singular vocative)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽𐌰 (plural vocative)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽 (accusative singular)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽𐌰 (accusative plural)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽𐌹𐍃 (genitive singular)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽𐌴 (genitive plural)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽𐌰 (dative singular)
𐍃𐌼𐍅𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌼 (dative plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σμύρνα (smúrna).


கூடாரம்

ta-noun

கூடாரம் • (kūṭāram)

kūṭāram (romanization)
கூடாரம் (nominative singular)
கூடாரங்கள் (nominative plural)
கூடாரமே (singular vocative)
கூடாரங்களே (plural vocative)
கூடாரத்தை (accusative singular)
கூடாரங்களை (accusative plural)
கூடாரத்துக்கு (dative singular)
கூடாரங்களுக்கு (dative plural)
கூடாரத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
கூடாரங்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
கூடாரத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
கூடாரங்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
கூடாரத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
கூடாரங்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
கூடாரத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
கூடாரங்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
கூடாரத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
கூடாரங்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
கூடாரத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
கூடாரங்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
கூடாரத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
கூடாரங்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
கூடாரத்தால் (instrumental singular)
கூடாரங்களால் (instrumental plural)
கூடாரத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)
கூடாரங்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)

→ Sinhalese: කූඩම (kūḍama)

Cognate to Telugu గుడారము (guḍāramu), Kannada ಗುಡಾರ (guḍāra), Tulu ಗುಡಾರ (guḍāra), and Malayalam കൂടാരം (kūṭāraṁ).

tent, pavilion, tabernacle, booth, awning


கூடாரம்

கூடாரம் • (kūṭāram)

கூடகாரம் கூடகாரம்#Tamil

Alternative form of கூடகாரம் (kūṭakāram)


stagonias

la-noun

stagoniās m (genitive stagoniae); first declension

stagoniās (canonical masculine)
stagoniae (genitive)
stagoniās (nominative singular)
stagoniae (nominative plural)
stagoniae (genitive singular)
stagoniārum (genitive plural)
stagoniae (dative singular)
stagoniīs (dative plural)
stagoniān (accusative singular)
stagoniās (accusative plural)
stagoniā (ablative singular)
stagoniīs (ablative plural)
stagoniā (singular vocative)
stagoniae (plural vocative)

[s̠t̪äˈɡɔniäːs̠]

[st̪äˈɡɔːniäs]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στᾰγονῐ́ᾱς (stagoníās).


orobias

orobiās m (genitive orobiae); first declension

orobiās (canonical masculine)
orobiae (genitive)
orobiās (nominative singular)
orobiae (nominative plural)
orobiae (genitive singular)
orobiārum (genitive plural)
orobiae (dative singular)
orobiīs (dative plural)
orobiān (accusative singular)
orobiās (accusative plural)
orobiā (ablative singular)
orobiīs (ablative plural)
orobiā (singular vocative)
orobiae (plural vocative)

[ɔˈrɔbiäːs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀροβῐ́ᾱς (orobíās).

kind of incense small in grains, resembling the chickpea


phyrama

phȳrāma n (genitive phȳrāmatis); third declension

phȳrāma (canonical neuter)
phȳrāmatis (genitive)
phȳrāma (nominative singular)
phȳrāmata (nominative plural)
phȳrāmatis (genitive singular)
phȳrāmatum (genitive plural)
phȳrāmatī (dative singular)
phȳrāmatibus (dative plural)
phȳrāma (accusative singular)
phȳrāmata (accusative plural)
phȳrāmate (ablative singular)
phȳrāmatibus (ablative plural)
phȳrāma (singular vocative)
phȳrāmata (plural vocative)

[pʰyːˈräːmä]


metopion

metōpion n (genitive metōpiī); second declension

metōpion (canonical neuter)
metōpiī (genitive)
metōpion (nominative singular)
metōpia (nominative plural)
metōpiī (genitive singular)
metōpiōrum (genitive plural)
metōpiō (dative singular)
metōpiīs (dative plural)
metōpion (accusative singular)
metōpia (accusative plural)
metōpiō (ablative singular)
metōpiīs (ablative plural)
metōpion (singular vocative)
metōpia (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μετώπιον (metṓpion).


dathiatum

dāthiātum n (genitive dāthiātī); second declension

dāthiātum (canonical neuter)
dāthiātī (genitive)
dāthiātum (nominative singular)
dāthiāta (nominative plural)
dāthiātī (genitive singular)
dāthiātōrum (genitive plural)
dāthiātō (dative singular)
dāthiātīs (dative plural)
dāthiātum (accusative singular)
dāthiāta (accusative plural)
dāthiātō (ablative singular)
dāthiātīs (ablative plural)
dāthiātum (singular vocative)
dāthiāta (plural vocative)

[d̪äːt̪ʰiˈäːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]


χαμαιλίβανος

grc-noun

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος

χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος • (khamailíbanos) m (genitive χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου); second declension

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος (canonical)
khamailíbanos (romanization)
χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου (genitive)
ὁ χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος (nominative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νω (dual nominative)
οἱ χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νου (genitive singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νων (genitive plural)
τῷ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νοις (dative plural)
τὸν χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνον (accusative singular)
τὼ χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νω (accusative dual)
τοὺς χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νους (accusative plural)
χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνε (singular vocative)
χᾰμαιλῐβᾰ́νω (dual vocative)
χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνοι (plural vocative)

grc-decl

χᾰμαιλῐ́βᾰνος

From χᾰμαί (khamaí, “near the ground”) + λῐ́βᾰνος (líbanos, “frankincense”).


ቀንአት

head

ቀንአት • (ḳännəʾät)

desc

→ Arabic: قِنَّة (qinna, “Ferula; galbanum”) (probably)

From the root of ቀነየ (ḳänäyä, “to acquire”) imagining the resin or oil acquired from the relevant plants. Possibly a phono-semantic matching of Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi) or directly its Egyptian etymon or the Aramaic descendant, with respect to its descendant Amharic ኮማ (koma, “a kind of large Ferula resembling Ferula communis subsp. communis from the leaves of which also cakes are baked”).


ձիւթ

head

ձիւթ • (jiwtʻ)

xcl-noun

ձիւթ • (jiwtʻ)

jiwtʻ (romanization)
ձիւթ (nominative singular)
ձիւթք (nominative plural)
ձիթոյ (genitive singular)
ձիթոց (genitive plural)
ձիթոյ (dative singular)
ձիթոց (dative plural)
ձիւթ (accusative singular)
ձիւթս (accusative plural)
ձիթոյ (ablative singular)
ձիթոց (ablative plural)
ձիթով (instrumental singular)
ձիթովք (instrumental plural)
ձիւթ (locative singular)
ձիւթս (locative plural)

Armenian: ձյութ (jyutʻ)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: ძივთი (ʒivti) (or directly from Semitic)
Georgian: (Guria) ძინთი (ʒinti), (Chveneburi) ძივთი (ʒivti)

A Semitic borrowing. See Arabic زِفْت (zift) for more. For ձ- (j-) compare ձէթ (jētʻ).

Եւ ոչ դադարէին որք արկին զնոսա սպասաւորք թագաւորին ի հնոցն բորբոքելոյ նաւթիւ եւ ձիթով եւ վշով եւ որթով:

Translation by New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition
Now the king’s servants who threw them in kept stoking the furnace with naphtha, pitch, tow, and brushwood.

Ew očʻ dadarēin orkʻ arkin znosa spasaworkʻ tʻagaworin i hnocʻn borbokʻeloy nawtʻiw ew jitʻov ew všov ew ortʻov:

pitch (a dark, extremely viscous material remaining in still after distilling crude oil and tar)


ዝፍት

head

ዝፍት • (zəft)

Of uncertain ultimate origin; in view of the old rarity of the Geʿez term arguably borrowed from Arabic زِفْت (zift).

የኤዶምያስም ፈሳሾች ዝፍት ሆነው ይለወጣሉ፥ አፈርዋም ዲን ይሆናል፥ መሬትዋም የሚቀጠል ዝፍት ትሆናለች።

Edom’s streams shall be turned into pitch, And its dust into brimstone; Its land shall become burning oil.

yäʾedomyasm fäsašoč zəft honäw yəläwäṭalu: ʾäfärwam din yəhonal: märetwam yämiḳäṭäl zəft təhonaläč.


ዝፍት

ዝፍት • (zəft)

Of uncertain ultimate origin; rare, perhaps borrowed from Arabic زِفْت (zift).

pitch, tar, latex, even resin of a pine as well as asphalt


ձյութ

ձյութ • (jyutʻ) (traditional orthography spelling ձիւթ)

jyutʻ (romanization)
orthography spelling ձիւթ (traditional)
ձյութ (nominative singular)
ձյութեր (nominative plural)
ձյութի (dative singular)
ձյութերի (dative plural)
ձյութից (ablative singular)
ձյութերից (ablative plural)
ձյութով (instrumental singular)
ձյութերով (instrumental plural)
ձյութում (locative singular)
ձյութերում (locative plural)
ձյութը (definite nominative singular)
ձյութն (definite nominative singular)
ձյութերը (definite nominative plural)
ձյութերն (definite nominative plural)
ձյութին (dative definite singular)
ձյութերին (dative definite plural)
ձյութս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
ձյութերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
ձյութիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
ձյութերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
ձյութիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
ձյութերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
ձյութովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
ձյութերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
ձյութումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
ձյութերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
ձյութդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
ձյութերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
ձյութիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
ձյութերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
ձյութիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
ձյութերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
ձյութովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
ձյութերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
ձյութումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
ձյութերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

ձյութը/ձյութն

ձյութերը/ձյութերն

Inherited from Old Armenian ձիւթ (jiwtʻ). Doublet of զիֆթ (ziftʻ).

inh+

(Hamshen) pitch, sap, resin (sticky, gummy substance secreted by trees)


ὀποβάλσαμον

grc-noun

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον • (opobálsamon) n (genitive ὀποβᾰλσᾰμου); second declension

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (canonical)
opobálsamon (romanization)
ὀποβᾰλσᾰμου (genitive)
τὸ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (nominative singular)
τὼ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μοις (dative plural)
τὸ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (accusative singular)
τὼ ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (accusative plural)
ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (singular vocative)
ὀποβᾰλσᾰ́μω (dual vocative)
ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον

Compound of ὀπός (opós, “plant juice”) + βᾰ́λσᾰμον (bálsamon, “balm”).

compound

juice of the Arabian balsam tree, balm of Gilead


أصطرك

ar-noun

أَصْطَرَك • (ʔaṣṭarak) m

أَصْطَرَك (canonical)
ʔaṣṭarak (romanization)
أَصْطَرَك (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْأَصْطَرَك (definite informal singular triptote)
أَصْطَرَك (construct informal singular triptote)
أَصْطَرَكٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْأَصْطَرَكُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
أَصْطَرَكُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
أَصْطَرَكًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْأَصْطَرَكَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
أَصْطَرَكَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
أَصْطَرَكٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْأَصْطَرَكِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
أَصْطَرَكِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Via Classical Syriac ܐܣܛܘܪܟܐ (ʾesṭurkā) from Ancient Greek στύραξ (stúrax).


opobálsamo

es-noun

opobálsamo m (countable and uncountable, plural opobálsamos)


ହିଙ୍ଗୁ

head

ହିଙ୍ଗୁ (hiṅgu)

or-noun

ହିଙ୍ଗୁ (hiṅgu)

From Prakrit 𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀼 (hiṃgu), from Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), from Proto-Iranian *Hángwr̥.


màstic

Borrowed from Latin mastichē, from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē).


باریجه

head

باریجه • (bârije)

fa-noun

باریجه • (bârije)


ܡܘܩܠܐ

head

ܡܘܩܠܐ • (muqlā) m

A Dravidian borrowing, see Arabic مُقْل (muql).


ዐባይ

ዐባይ • (ʿäbbay)


ልባን

ልባን • (ləban) (collective, noun of unity ልባነት (ləbanät))

ləban (romanization)
of unity ልባነት (noun)


ልብን

ልብን • (ləbn)

Styrax officinalis
Styrax officinalis#Translingual

storax (Styrax officinalis), in particular the resin thereof)


ልብን

ልብን • (ləbn)

→ Amharic: ልብን (ləbn)

As this is an otherwise absent root in Ethiopian Semitic, a borrowing in the course of incense trade from Arabic لُبْنَى (lubnā) or Sabaean 𐩡𐩨𐩬𐩺 (lbny) of same meaning.

storax (Styrax officinalis, in particular the resin thereof)


ହେଙ୍ଗୁ

ହେଙ୍ଗୁ (heṅgu)

or-noun

ହେଙ୍ଗୁ (heṅgu)

ହିଙ୍ଗୁ ହିଙ୍ଗୁ#Odia


ბარსაბონი

From Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon), βάρσαμον (bársamon).


tragacant

Variant of tragacanta, a learned borrowing from Latin tragacantha, from Koine Greek τραγάκανθα (tragákantha, “tragacanth”). Doublet of adragant.


قستوس

ar-noun

قِسْتُوس • (qistūs) m

قِسْتُوس (canonical)
qistūs (romanization)
قِسْتُوس (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقِسْتُوس (definite informal singular triptote)
قِسْتُوس (construct informal singular triptote)
قِسْتُوسٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقِسْتُوسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قِسْتُوسُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قِسْتُوسًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقِسْتُوسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قِسْتُوسَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قِسْتُوسٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقِسْتُوسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قِسْتُوسِ (construct genitive singular triptote)


لادن

لَادَن • (lādan) m

لَادَن (canonical)
lādan (romanization)
لَادَن (indefinite informal singular triptote)
اللَّادَن (definite informal singular triptote)
لَادَن (construct informal singular triptote)
لَادَنٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
اللَّادَنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
لَادَنُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
لَادَنًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
اللَّادَنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
لَادَنَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
لَادَنٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
اللَّادَنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
لَادَنِ (construct genitive singular triptote)


bàlsam del Canadà

ca-noun

bàlsam del Canadà m (plural bàlsams del Canadà)


asafetyda

asafetyda (nominative singular)
asafetydy (genitive singular)
asafetydzie (dative singular)
asafetydę (accusative singular)
asafetydą (instrumental singular)
asafetydzie (locative singular)
asafetydo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin asafoetida, from Persian ازا / آزا (azâ, âzâ, “mastic”) + Latin foetida, feminine of foetidus (“bad-smelling”).


balsam peruwiański

balsam peruwiański (nominative singular)
balsamu peruwiańskiego (genitive singular)
balsamowi peruwiańskiemu (dative singular)
balsam peruwiański (accusative singular)
balsamem peruwiańskim (instrumental singular)
balsamie peruwiańskim (locative singular)
balsamie peruwiański (singular vocative)


வெள்ளைப்போளம்

ta-noun

வெள்ளைப்போளம் • (veḷḷaippōḷam)

veḷḷaippōḷam (romanization)
வெள்ளைப்போளம் (nominative singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்கள் (nominative plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளமே (singular vocative)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களே (plural vocative)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்தை (accusative singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களை (accusative plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்துக்கு (dative singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களுக்கு (dative plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்தால் (instrumental singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களால் (instrumental plural)
வெள்ளைப்போளத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)
வெள்ளைப்போளங்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)

Ta-வெள்ளைப்போளம்.ogg

/ʋɛɭːɐɪ̯pːoːɭɐm/

Compound of வெள்ளை (veḷḷai) + போளம் (pōḷam).


лаахтаах

Ornative of лаах (laaq, “lacquer, varnish”).

лаахтаах муоста

лаахтаах түүппүлэ


лаах

Borrowed from Russian лак (lak), and cognate with English lacquer.


დგვინდგვი

desc

→⇒ Svan: დინდგუ̂ილდ (dindgûild), დინდგუ̂ (dindgû), დუ̂ინდგ (dûindg), დგუ̂ინდგუ̂ (dgûindgû)

From დგვინდგვი ← *დგუინდგუ ← *დინდგუ (dgvindgvi ← *dguindgu ← *dindgu), from Proto-Georgian-Zan *dindg-el-. Doublet of დინდგილი (dindgili).


დინდგუ̂ილდ

head

დინდგუ̂ილდ • (dindgûild)

დინდგუ̂ (dindgû) + -ილდ (-ild, diminutive suffix). From Mingrelian დგვინდგვი (dgvindgvi), *დინდგუ (*dindgu). Doublet of დჷნდგელაი (dəndgelai).


كندر

كُنْدُر (canonical)
kundur (romanization)
كُنْدُر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكُنْدُر (definite informal singular triptote)
كُنْدُر (construct informal singular triptote)
كُنْدُرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُنْدُرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كُنْدُرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كُنْدُرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُنْدُرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كُنْدُرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كُنْدُرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُنْدُرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كُنْدُرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کندر (kundur).

bor+

سفوف ممسك للبول
سعد سنبل أسطوخوذس كندر قشار الكندر جفت البلوط مشوي أجزاء سواء يدق ويجمع ويتناول منه بالغدوات مثقال وآخر النهار مثقال

a. 1165, ابن التلميذ [Ibn al-Tilmīḏ], edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 72 Nr. 80:

A powder which retains urine
Cyperus, Indian spikenard, French lavender, frankincense and the bark of its tree, and the grilled inner skins of acorn-cups in equal parts. (This) is pounded, brought together, and one miṯqāl from it is taken in the mornings and (again) at the end of the day.

frankincense, Boswellia thurifera tree and produce


ძივთი

head

ძივთი • (ʒivti)

desc

Georgian: (Guria) ძინთი (ʒinti), (Chveneburi) ძივთი (ʒivti)

From Old Armenian ձիւթ (jiwtʻ) or directly from its Semitic source.


փիս

head

փիս • (pʻis)

hy-noun

փիս • (pʻis)

pʻis (romanization)
փիս (nominative singular)
փսեր (nominative plural)
փսի (dative singular)
փսերի (dative plural)
փսից (ablative singular)
փսերից (ablative plural)
փսով (instrumental singular)
փսերով (instrumental plural)
փսում (locative singular)
փսերում (locative plural)
փիսը (definite nominative singular)
փիսն (definite nominative singular)
փսերը (definite nominative plural)
փսերն (definite nominative plural)
փսին (dative definite singular)
փսերին (dative definite plural)
փիսս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
փսերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
փսիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
փսերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
փսիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
փսերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
փսովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
փսերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
փսումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
փսերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
փիսդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
փսերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
փսիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
փսերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
փսիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
փսերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
փսովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
փսերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
փսումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
փսերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)


黃芪膠

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄠ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


កំញាន

km-noun

កំញាន • (kɑmñaan)

a kind of tree that produces aromatic resin (probably Styrax tonkinensis)


ਗੂੰਦ

pa-noun

ਗੂੰਦ • (gūnd) f (Shahmukhi spelling گوند)


ਅਰਬੀ ਗੂੰਦ

ਅਰਬੀ ਗੂੰਦ • (arabī gūnd) f (Shahmukhi spelling عربی گوند)

arabī gūnd (romanization)
عربی گوند (Shahmukhi)


ਕਿੱਕਰ ਦੀ ਗੂੰਦ

کِکَّر دِی گُونْد

ਕਿੱਕਰ ਦੀ ਗੂੰਦ • (kikkar dī gūnd) f (Shahmukhi spelling کِکَّر دِی گُونْد)

kikkar dī gūnd (romanization)
کِکَّر دِی گُونْد (Shahmukhi)


mastyks

mastyks (nominative singular)
mastyksu (genitive singular)
mastyksowi (dative singular)
mastyks (accusative singular)
mastyksem (instrumental singular)
mastyksie (locative singular)
mastyksie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mastichē, from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē).

mastic (resin of the tree Pistacia lentiscus)


taakchiliꞌ

antaakchiliꞌ (first-person possessive singular)
an-taakchiliꞌ (first-person possessive singular)
pontaakchiliꞌ (first-person plural possessive)
pon-taakchiliꞌ (first-person plural possessive)
hapontaakchiliꞌ (first-person inclusive possessive tri-plural)
hapon-taakchiliꞌ (first-person inclusive possessive tri-plural)
chintaakchiliꞌ (possessive second-person singular)
chin-taakchiliꞌ (possessive second-person singular)
hachintaakchiliꞌ (plural possessive second-person)
hachintaakchiliꞌ (possessive second-person tri-plural)
hachin-taakchiliꞌ (plural possessive second-person)
hachin-taakchiliꞌ (possessive second-person tri-plural)
intaakchiliꞌ (possessive third-person)
in-taakchiliꞌ (possessive third-person)


खदिरक

Central:

Hindustani: khairā

Hindi: खैरा

Urdu: کھَیرَا (khairā)

Eastern:

Bengali: খৈরা (khōira)

Odia: ଖଇରା (khairā)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: khairā

Gurmukhi script: ਖੈਰਾ

Shahmukhi script: کھَیرَا

Southern:

Dhivehi: ކައިރު (kairu), ކައިރި (kairi)

Marathi: खैरा (khairā)

Western:

Gujarati: ખેરો (khero)


ਕਹਰੁਵਾ

ਕਹਰੁਵਾ • (kahruvā) m (Shahmukhi spelling کہربا)

kahruvā (romanization)
کہربا (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کهربا (kahrubā). Compare Gujarati કેરબો (kerbo).


ਅੰਬਰ

pa-noun

ਅੰਬਰ • (ambar) m (Shahmukhi spelling امبر)


桃膠

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kaːu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kaːu̯⁵⁵/

peach gum; peach resin (resin from peach trees)


يلنجوج

ar-noun

يَلَنْجُوج • (yalanjūj) m

يَلَنْجُوج (canonical)
yalanjūj (romanization)
يَلَنْجُوج (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْيَلَنْجُوج (definite informal singular triptote)
يَلَنْجُوج (construct informal singular triptote)
يَلَنْجُوجٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْيَلَنْجُوجُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
يَلَنْجُوجُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
يَلَنْجُوجًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْيَلَنْجُوجَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
يَلَنْجُوجَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
يَلَنْجُوجٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْيَلَنْجُوجِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
يَلَنْجُوجِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Akin to Ancient Greek ἀγάλοχον (agálokhon).

لَا يَصْطَلِينَ دُخَانَ ٱلنَّارِ شَاتِيةً … إِلَّا بِعُودِ يَلَنْجُوجٍ عَلَى فَحْمِ

a. 710, الأخطل, “وقال يمدح الوليد”, in P.A. Salhani S.J., editor, Dîwân al-Aḫṭal: texte arabe publié pour la première fois d'après le manuscrit de St. Pétersbourg et annoté, published 1891, page 264:

They shall not create warmth by the cold roke of the fire, but by eaglewood on coals.

lā yaṣṭalīna duḵāna n-nāri šātiyatan … ʔillā biʕūdi yalanjūjin ʕalā faḥmi

a. 1229, Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy, edited by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān], volume 1, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1866, page 854, line 11:


olíban

From Medieval Latin olibanum, from Arabic اللُّبَان (al-lubān).


xicle

Borrowed from Spanish chicle, from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl tzictli.


sandarak

sandarak (nominative singular)
sandaraki (nominative plural)
sandaraka (genitive singular)
sandaraków (genitive plural)
sandarakowi (dative singular)
sandarakom (dative plural)
sandarak (accusative singular)
sandaraki (accusative plural)
sandarakiem (instrumental singular)
sandarakami (instrumental plural)
sandaraku (locative singular)
sandarakach (locative plural)
sandaraku (singular vocative)
sandaraki (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin sandaraca, from Ancient Greek σανδαράκη (sandarákē).

sandarac (any tree from the genus Tetraclinis)

Tetraclinis articulata
Tetraclinis articulata#Translingual

sandarac (resin from Tetraclinis articulata)


сухӑр

head

сухӑр • (suh̬ăr)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sakïŕ (“gum, resin”). Cognate with Turkish sakız, Uzbek saqich, Bashkir һағыҙ (hağıź) and Yakut ыас (ıas).


اوشاق

head

اوشاق • (uşak)

ota-noun

اوشاق • (uşak)

Turkish: uşak

Borrowed from Arabic أُشَّق (ʔuššaq, “gum ammoniac”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšʾk /wašak/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšk /wašak/).

bor

gum ammoniac, ammoniacum, a resin exuded from several plants of the genus Ferula


tragant

tragant (nominative singular)
tragantu (genitive singular)
tragantowi (dative singular)
tragant (accusative singular)
tragantem (instrumental singular)
tragancie (locative singular)
tragancie (singular vocative)


صمغ عربي

ar-noun

صَمْغ عَرَبِيّ

صَمْغ عَرَبِيّ • (ṣamḡ ʕarabiyy) m

صَمْغ عَرَبِيّ (canonical)
ṣamḡ ʕarabiyy (romanization)
صَمْغ عَرَبِي (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الصَّمْغ الْعَرَبِي (definite informal singular triptote)
صَمْغ ... الْعَرَبِي (construct informal singular triptote)
صَمْغٌ عَرَبِيٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الصَّمْغُ الْعَرَبِيُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
صَمْغُ ... الْعَرَبِيُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
صَمْغًا عَرَبِيًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الصَّمْغَ الْعَرَبِيَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
صَمْغَ ... الْعَرَبِيَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
صَمْغٍ عَرَبِيٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الصَّمْغِ الْعَرَبِيِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
صَمْغِ ... الْعَرَبِيِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)

سفوف لأصحاب السعال مع خلفة
شاه بلوط وقشور اللوز الأحمر الرقيق وخروب شامي وخرنوب نبطي وطين أرمني مغسول وصمغ عربي ونشاء وبزر بقلة وخشخاش يحمص سوى الطين ويستعمل

a. 1165, ابن التلميذ [Ibn al-Tilmīḏ], edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 71 Nr. 79:

A powder for those who suffer from the cough in conjunction with diarrhoea
Sweet chestnut, the peels of dainty reddish almonds, Syrian carob, Nabataean carob, washed Armenian bole, gum-arabic, starch, purslane seeds, and poppy. (This) is roasted except the bole, and used.


சரணம்

caraṇam (romanization)
சரணம் (nominative singular)
சரணங்கள் (nominative plural)
சரணமே (singular vocative)
சரணங்களே (plural vocative)
சரணத்தை (accusative singular)
சரணங்களை (accusative plural)
சரணத்துக்கு (dative singular)
சரணங்களுக்கு (dative plural)
சரணத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
சரணங்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
சரணத்துடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
சரணங்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
சரணத்தின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
சரணங்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
சரணத்தில் (locative locative-i singular)
சரணங்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
சரணத்திடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
சரணங்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
சரணத்தோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
சரணங்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
சரணத்துடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
சரணங்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
சரணத்தால் (instrumental singular)
சரணங்களால் (instrumental plural)
சரணத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)
சரணங்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)


पालङ्क्य

pālaṅkya (romanization)
पालङ्क्यम् (nominative singular)
पालङ्क्ये (dual nominative)
पालङ्क्यानि (nominative plural)
पालङ्क्या1 (nominative plural)
पालङ्क्य (singular vocative)
पालङ्क्ये (dual vocative)
पालङ्क्यानि (plural vocative)
पालङ्क्या1 (plural vocative)
पालङ्क्यम् (accusative singular)
पालङ्क्ये (accusative dual)
पालङ्क्यानि (accusative plural)
पालङ्क्या1 (accusative plural)
पालङ्क्येन (instrumental singular)
पालङ्क्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पालङ्क्यैः (instrumental plural)
पालङ्क्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पालङ्क्याय (dative singular)
पालङ्क्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पालङ्क्येभ्यः (dative plural)
पालङ्क्यात् (ablative singular)
पालङ्क्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पालङ्क्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
पालङ्क्यस्य (genitive singular)
पालङ्क्ययोः (dual genitive)
पालङ्क्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पालङ्क्ये (locative singular)
पालङ्क्ययोः (dual locative)
पालङ्क्येषु (locative plural)

/pɑːˈl̪ɐŋ.kjɐ/


पालङ्क

pālaṅka (romanization)
पालङ्कः (nominative singular)
पालङ्कौ (dual nominative)
पालङ्का1 (dual nominative)
पालङ्काः (nominative plural)
पालङ्कासः1 (nominative plural)
पालङ्क (singular vocative)
पालङ्कौ (dual vocative)
पालङ्का1 (dual vocative)
पालङ्काः (plural vocative)
पालङ्कासः1 (plural vocative)
पालङ्कम् (accusative singular)
पालङ्कौ (accusative dual)
पालङ्का1 (accusative dual)
पालङ्कान् (accusative plural)
पालङ्केन (instrumental singular)
पालङ्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पालङ्कैः (instrumental plural)
पालङ्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पालङ्काय (dative singular)
पालङ्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
पालङ्केभ्यः (dative plural)
पालङ्कात् (ablative singular)
पालङ्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पालङ्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
पालङ्कस्य (genitive singular)
पालङ्कयोः (dual genitive)
पालङ्कानाम् (genitive plural)
पालङ्के (locative singular)
पालङ्कयोः (dual locative)
पालङ्केषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀁𑀓 n (pālaṃka), 𑀧𑀸𑀮𑀁𑀕 n (pālaṃga)

Assamese: পালেং (paleṅ)

Bengali: পালং (paloṅ), পালঙ (paloṅ)

Nepali: पालुङ्गो (pāluṅgo)

desc

Odia: ପାଳଙ୍ଗ (pāḷaṅga), ପାଳଙ୍ଗ (pāḷaṅga)

→ Middle Chinese: 菠薐

Chinese: 菠薐 (bōléng)

→ Japanese: 菠薐 (hōren), 菠薐草 (hōrensō)

→ Thai: ปวยเล้ง (bpuai-léng)

/pɑːˈl̪ɐŋ.kɐ/

Indian frankincense (Boswellia thurifera)


کسنی

کَسنی (canonical)
کِسنی (canonical)
kasni (romanization)
kesni (romanization)

q

→ Arabic: قَسْنِيّ (qasniyy) (but claimed in Persian dictionaries, not Arabic sources)

→ Middle Mongol: 哈昔泥 (xa-si-ni)

From Ğaznī in Zābulistān said to be the home of the plant.

(obsolete) hing (oleo-gum-resin of Ferula spp.)


Persian gum

en-noun

Persian gum (countable and uncountable, plural Persian gums)

From their origin in Iran. In reference to P. scoparia, specifically after the model of gum arabic.

One contemporary description of Greek fire gives its formula as follows: "Take quick sulphur, dregs of wine, Persian gum, baked salt, pitch, petroleum, and common oil. Boil these together. Then whatever is placed therein and lighted, whether wood or iron, cannot be extinguished except with vinegar or sand."

1966 October 16, "The Fabulous Monarchs of Britain: Medieval Version of the Napalm Bomb", Chicago Tribune, Sect. 1A, p. 12

Astragalus sarcocolla
Wikispecies:Astragalus sarcocolla

A. fasciculifolius
Wikispecies:Astragalus fasciculifolius

(uncountable) Synonym of sarcocolla, the gum resin of the milkvetches Astragalus sarcocolla and/or A. fasciculifolius.

sarcocolla

The author attempted to name it Persian gum, representing its origin the Persia or Iran, as the competitor of the very well-known "gum Arabic", the exudate of acacia trees...

2017, Soleiman Abbasi, "Persian Gum: A Novel Natural Hydrocolloid", Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 1

(uncountable) The gum resin of the wild almonds Prunus scoparia and/or P. lycioides.

(countable, synecdochically) Any of the plants producing such resins.


ĉiklo

eo-head

ĉiklo (accusative singular ĉiklon, plural ĉikloj, accusative plural ĉiklojn)

ĉiklon (accusative singular)
ĉikloj (plural)
ĉiklojn (accusative plural)


ساقز

head

ساقز • (sakız) (definite accusative ساقزی (sakızı), plural ساقزلر (sakızlar))

sakız (romanization)
ساقزی (accusative definite)
ساقزلر (plural)

Turkish: sakız

→ Albanian: sakëz

→ Armenian: սախըզ (saxəz)

→ Bulgarian: сакъ́з (sakǎ́z)

→ Macedonian: саказ (sakaz)

→ Romanian: sacâz

desc

са̏каз//sȁkaz

→ Serbo-Croatian: са̏каз／sȁkaz

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sakïŕ (“gum, resin”); cognate with Azerbaijani saqqız, Bashkir һағыҙ (hağıź), Chuvash сухӑр (suh̬ăr), Kazakh сағыз (sağyz), Kyrgyz сагыз (sagız), Turkmen sakgyç, Uyghur سېغىز (sëghiz), Uzbek saqich and Yakut ыас (ıas).

ساقزلاندرمق

to make or let become sticky like mastic

resin, gum, a highly viscous secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees

mastic, a hard, brittle, aromatic and transparent resin produced by the mastic-tree


harabe

Borrowed from Spanish jarabe, from Old Spanish xarabe, from Andalusian Arabic, from Classical Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”). Doublet of sirup.

der

Myroxylon balsamum
Wikispecies:Myroxylon balsamum

balsam of Tolu; tolu (resinous secretion of Myroxylon balsamum, used in cough syrups and perfumery)


bdelium

(obsolete) bdellium (aromatic gum-like balsam extracted from one of several species of tree in the genus Commiphora)


راتینج

head

راتینج • (ratinec) (definite accusative راتینجی (ratineci), plural راتینجلر (ratinecler))

ratinec (romanization)
راتینجی (accusative definite)
راتینجلر (plural)

Turkish: ratinec

Borrowed from Arabic رَاتِينَج (rātīnaj, “resin”), itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥητίνη (rhētínē). Doublet of رچینه (reçine, “resin; colophony”).


kadzidełko

kadzidełko (nominative singular)
kadzidełka (nominative plural)
kadzidełka (genitive singular)
kadzidełek (genitive plural)
kadzidełku (dative singular)
kadzidełkom (dative plural)
kadzidełko (accusative singular)
kadzidełka (accusative plural)
kadzidełkiem (instrumental singular)
kadzidełkami (instrumental plural)
kadzidełku (locative singular)
kadzidełkach (locative plural)
kadzidełko (singular vocative)
kadzidełka (plural vocative)

incense stick, joss stick (thin stick covered with incense that burns slowly and gives off fragrant smoke when set alight)


awá-tinaní

Unknown. The first element is likely the same as the first element in awá-safiný (“bark canoe”), which would result in *awá meaning something like “tree bark”.


טײַוולסקויט

טײַוול (tayvl, “devil”) + ־ס (-s, possessive suffix) + קויט (koyt, “dirt; poop”). Compare Dutch duivelsdrek, German Teufelsdreck.


estorac

From Latin storax, styrax, from Ancient Greek στύραξ (stúrax).

benzoin (resin obtained from shrubs in the genus Styrax)


kopa'yba

Nheengatu: kupaíwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: copaíba
→ English: copaiba

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kopaʔɨβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

copaiba (oleoresin extracted from such trees)


дянта

djanta (romanization)
дянта (nominative singular)
дянти (nominative plural)
дянти (genitive singular)
дянтох (genitive plural)
дянти (dative singular)
дянтом (dative plural)
дянту (accusative singular)
дянти (accusative plural)
дянту (instrumental singular)
дянтами (instrumental plural)
дянти (locative singular)
дянтох (locative plural)
дянто (singular vocative)
дянти (plural vocative)


ρητίνη

ritíni (romanization)
ρητίνες (plural)
ρητίνη (nominative singular)
ρητίνες (nominative plural)
ρητίνης (genitive singular)
ρητινών (genitive plural)
ρητίνη (accusative singular)
ρητίνες (accusative plural)
ρητίνη (singular vocative)
ρητίνες (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥητίνη (rhētínē). Doublet of ρετσίνι (retsíni) and ρετσίνα (retsína).

doublet

(learnedly) resin (a viscous hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees)

resin (any of various yellowish viscous liquids or soft solids of plant origin; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications)

resin (any synthetic compound of similar properties)


लोबान

lobān (romanization)
لوبان (Urdu)
लोबान (direct singular)
लोबान (direct plural)
लोबान (oblique singular)
लोबानों (oblique plural)
लोबान (singular vocative)
लोबानो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian لوبان (lobān), from Arabic لُبَان (lubān).