liver

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

His friend Rothwell, who had the use of the best Laveracks for breeding purposes, wrote him that one of his puppies was liver and white.

2006, Rawdon Briggs Lee, A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISBN, page 298:

Of the colour of liver (dark brown, tinted with red and gray).


smoke

en-noun

smoke (countable and uncountable, plural smokes)

From Middle English smoke, from Old English smoca (“smoke”), probably a derivative of the verb (see below). Related to Dutch smook (“smoke”), Middle Low German smôk (“smoke”), dialectal German Schmauch (“smoke”).

If those were the days, however, when steam was triumphant, they were also the days of smoke. Nowhere was this so apparent as at "Kings Cross (Suburban)" where, one after another, the Great Northern tank engines thumped their way up the incline and emerged from the tunnel, in clouds of steam and smoke, to pound their way up the last few hundred feet of gradient alongside the platform.

1952 October, C. A. Johns, “One Hundred Years at Kings Cross—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 657:

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.

anta intai

visible particles and vapour given off by burning material


smoke

en-verb

smoke (third-person singular simple present smokes, present participle smoking, simple past and past participle smoked)

smokes (present singular third-person)
smoking (participle present)
smoked (participle past)
smoked (past)

Dutch: smoken

Sranan Tongo: smoko

From Middle English smoken, from Old English smocian (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), from Proto-West Germanic *smokōn, from Proto-Germanic *smukōną (“to smoke”), ablaut derivative of Proto-Germanic *smaukaną (“to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg- (“to smoke”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian smookje (“to smoke”), West Frisian smoke (“to smoke”), Dutch smoken (“to smoke”), Low German smöken (“to smoke”), German Low German smoken (“to smoke”). Related also to Old English smēocan (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), Bavarian schmuckelen (“to smell bad, reek”).

cog

He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

I alone / Smok'd his true person, talk'd with him.

1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

Upon that […] I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers.

1715 June 1 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 44. Saturday, May 21. [1715.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

The squire gave him a good curse at his departure; and then turning to the parson, he cried out, "I smoke it: I smoke it. Tom is certainly the father of this bastard. […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, transitive) To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.


丹

Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)


丹

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.
Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).


丹

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).
Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga


peach

en-noun

peach (countable and uncountable, plural peaches)

i

from the plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">peaches</i>

→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)

→? Arapaho: biisib

→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)

→ Haida: píichas

→ Malay: pic (probably)

→? Maori: pītiti

→ Swahili: pichi (probably)

→ Thai: พีช (píit)

From Middle English peche, borrowed from Old French pesche (French pêche), Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca) from Late Latin persica, from Classical Latin mālum persicum, from Ancient Greek μᾶλον περσικόν (mâlon persikón, “Persian apple”). Displaced Middle English persogʒe, from Old English persoc, from the same Latin root above.

der

μᾶλον περσικόν

To dye one chip bonnet peach colour, put four ounces of cudbear in one gallon of water, make it boil, and put one ounce of soda in the liquor.

1854, Thomas Love, The Art of Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring and Finishing, etc, page 242:

If the dye is for a light color such as peach, more dry dye could be used.

1990, Lila Fretz, Hooking Rugs: Storey’s Country Wisdom Bulletin, page 27:

Circle Quilt throw in peach and green

2013, Kim Eichler-Messmer, Modern Color—An Illustrated Guide to Dyeing Fabric for Modern Quilts, page 61:

peach:

(uncountable) A light yellow-red colour.


白

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (白):
* → Japanese: 白(はく) (haku)
* → Korean: 백(白) (baek)
* → Jeju: 벡 (bek)
* → Vietnamese: bạch (白)

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɯəkᴰ¹ᴸ

Lao: ເຜືອກ (phư̄ak)

Thai: เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak)

→ Proto-Vietic: *baːk

Vietnamese: bạc

desc

→ Vietnamese: bệch (“chalky; sickly white”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Unclear; probably a pictogram (象形).
Guo (1954) suggests that it represents a thumb and is original form of 拇 (*mɯʔ) or, more probably, 擘 (*preːɡ).
Alternatively, Unger (apud Schuessler, 2007) suggests that it represents an acorn, noting its use in 樂／乐 (“oak”) (= 櫟／栎) and 皂 (zào, “acorn”). In this interpretation, the meaning of “white” is derived from the color of an acorn's inside. Unrelated to the top component of 原.
STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bawk (“white”), whence also Proto-Bodo-Garo *bok (“white”), Limbu ᤑ (phô, “white”); also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɓɔɔk (“white, grey”).
However, Schuessler (2007) finds it difficult to reconcile these forms with Middle Chinese due to the lack of medial r. Instead, he proposes a derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bar (“white”) with -k extension, thus cognate with 皤 (OC *baːl, “white”) (Wang, 1982), Mizo vâr (“(to be) white”), Proto-Karen *ʔ(b)wa (“white”).

Han etyl

販仔白

贩仔白


白

⟨sira⟩ → /ɕira/
From Old Japanese.
The combining apophonic form of shiro above, mostly used in compounds.

Combining form of しろ (shiro) above:
white


白

Cognate with Japanese 白 (shiro, “white”).

くれー、白(しるー)やいびーん。


火

⟨pi₂⟩ → */pʷɨ/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *poy.
Apophonic form of ho (see below). Compare 木 (ki, ko-, “tree”).

in which sinner are transported: a metaphor for being in a difficult situation

篝火: a fire set in an iron cage-like bucket and used as illumination by guard

火を見るよりも明らか

clear than see the fire → as plain as day, as plain as the nose on one's face, as clear as a bell


火

火 (canonical)
ka (romanization)
kwa (romanization)
くわ (hiragana historical)

/kwa/ → /ka/
From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).


火

Japanese: 火 (hi), 灯 (hi)

From Proto-Japonic *poy.
Apophonic form of po₁ (see below).
Compare the development of 木 (ki₂, ko₂-, “tree”).

葦火

fire using dried reed as kindling or fuel

佐泥佐斯佐賀牟能袁怒邇毛由流肥能本那迦邇多知弖斗比斯岐美波母

sanesasi Sagamu no₂ wono₁ ni mo₁yuru pi₂ no₂ po₁naka ni tatite to₁pi₁si ki₁mi₁ pa mo₂


火

Japanese: 火 (ho)

Combining form of pi₂ above, probably the older form.


火

Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).
According to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.

(regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire

富士

Mount Fuji; disputed; might be an Ainu loanword


coffee

en-noun

coffee (countable and uncountable, plural coffees)

coffee [from 1598] (canonical)
coffees (plural)

Tok Pisin: kopi

desc

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Gujarati: કૉફી (kŏphī)

→ Hausa: kṑfī

desctree

→ Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), काफ़ी (kāfī), कोफ़ी (kofī), कॉफी (kŏphī), काफी (kāphī), कोफी (kophī)
→ Sanskrit: काफी (kāphī)

→ Korean: 커피 (keopi)

→ Maia: kopi

→ Marathi: काफी (kāphī)

→ Marshallese: ko̧pe

→ Navajo: gohwééh

→ Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh

→ Welsh: coffi

Conservative, Received Pronunciation, dated

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
Dutch koffiebor.
English coffee
Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café and caffè and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.

etymon

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

coffee:

A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.


coffee

Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.


crema

Probably a malapropism of French tréma, from Ancient Greek τρῆμα (trêma, “perforation, orifice”).


光

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (光):
* → Japanese: 光(こう) (kō)
* → Korean: 광(光) (gwang)
* → Vietnamese: quang (光)

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).

inh

㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥
𰭧

燈光

灯光

聚光燈

聚光灯

一束光透過門縫射進來。

一束光透过门缝射进来。

(specifically, physics) ray (Classifier: 條／条)

light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
ray (Classifier: 條／条)

光澤／光泽


stone

en-noun

stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (UK colloquial, as unit of mass) stone)

stones (plural)
stone (UK colloquial plural)

Sranan Tongo: ston

→ Esperanto: ŝtono

From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also West Frisian stien, Saterland Frisian Steen, Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.

cog

stone:

A dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


stone

Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


宵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).

Han compound

In the day time collect the grass, and at night twist it into ropes.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

晝爾于茅、宵爾索綯。

昼尔于茅、宵尔索绹。

《雨霖鈴》 - 柳永 （宋朝)

Hán chán qī qiè. Duì cháng tíng wǎn, zhòu yǔ chū xiē. Dōumén zhàng yǐn wú xù, liúliàn chù, lán zhōu cuī fā. Zhíshǒu xiàng kàn lèiyǎn, jìng wúyǔ níngyē. Niàn qù qù, qiānlǐ yān bō, mù ǎi chén chén chǔ tiān kuò. Duōqíng zìgǔ shāng líbié, gèng nà kān, lěngluò qīng qiū jié. Jīnxiāo jiǔ xǐng héchù? Yángliǔ àn, xiǎo fēng cányuè. Cǐ qù jīng nián, yìng shì liángchén hǎo jǐng xūshè. Biàn zòng yǒu, qiān zhǒng fēngqíng, gèng yǔ hérén shuō?

寒蟬淒切。對長亭晚，驟雨初歇。都門帳飲無緒，留戀處、蘭舟催發。執手相看淚眼，竟無語凝噎。念去去、千里煙波，暮靄沉沉楚天闊。多情自古傷離別，更那堪、冷落清秋節。今宵酒醒何處？楊柳岸、曉風殘月。此去經年，應是良辰好景虛設。便縱有、千種風情，更與何人說？

《雨霖鈴》 - 柳永 （宋朝)

寒蝉凄切。对长亭晚，骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪，留恋处、兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。念去去、千里烟波，暮霭沉沉楚天阔。多情自古伤离别，更那堪、冷落清秋节。今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸、晓风残月。此去经年，应是良辰好景虚设。便纵有、千种风情，更与何人说？


nuit

Haitian Creole: nwit

Inherited from Middle French nuyt, from Old French noit, nuit, from Latin noctem, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.


夜

Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡs): phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”). 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) may also serve as another phonetic component.
The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕 (xī); the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦 (yì), used phonetically.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo zân (“night”), Burmese ည (nya., “night”).
Schuessler (2007) believes 夜 (OC *laːɡs) and 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) are distinct as Tibeto-Burman keeps the etyma *ja-n (“night”) and *s-r(j)ak (“day; day (24 hours); night”) strictly separate. However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggest that 夜 (yè) and 夕 (xī) have clear etymological connections and thus reconstructs similar finals in both words.

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


夜

⟨yo₁ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning. Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.
Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 C.E., with the phonetic spelling 用流.
Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.

東京の夜

夜の街を歩く

不安な夜を過ごす

夜の星空を見上げる


夜

⟨yo₁⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 用.
In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.

『真夏の夜の夢』


daystar

From Middle English daysterre, from Old English dæġsteorra, equivalent to day + star. Cognate with Scots daystern (“morningstar; daystar”).

I only go outdoors at night, away from the daystar's burning glare.


暝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːŋ, *meːŋs): semantic 日 + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ).

Han compound

Yǐ zhào chūn jiāng shàng, héng zhōu shí àn qián. Shān míng xíngrén duàn, tiáotiáo dú fàn xiān.

倚棹春江上，橫舟石岸前。山暝行人斷，迢迢獨泛仙。

倚棹春江上，横舟石岸前。山暝行人断，迢迢独泛仙。


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kaba (romanization)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:カバノキ属

A shift from kaniwa below.
First appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”).


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kanba (romanization)


樺

樺 (canonical)
kaniwa (romanization)
kanifa (romanization)
かには (hiragana historical)

John Batchelor (missionary)
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sakhalin Ainu language
Shinmura Izuru
Wamyō Ruijushō

⟨kanipa⟩ → /kaniɸa/ → /kaniwa/
From Old Japanese 樺 (kanipa, “sakura, sakura bark”), from Ainu カリンパ (karinpa, “sakura, sakura bark”).
Found in the Man'yōshū (book 6), completed some time after 759 CE, in sense 1. Sense 2 appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.
Compare Sakhalin Ainu カリムバニ (karimba-ni, “cherry tree; Prunus pseudocerasus”) and カリムバタツ (karimba-tat, “Betula Maximowicziana”).

der

(obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark


柿

Early Modern Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
: /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
:* From 輝き (kakayaki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of Early Modern Japanese verb 輝く (kakayaku, “to shine dazzingly”, obsolete), modern kagayaku.
: /kataki/ → /kaki/
:* From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.
: /akaki/ → /kaki/
:* From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely, this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

align

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橙

橙 (canonical)
橙 (canonical)
daidai (romanization)

Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.

(by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange


淬

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/


滄

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).


cardinal

en-noun

cardinal (countable and uncountable, plural cardinals)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardin-, cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

His uncle, a Cardinal, engages a Spanish youth of Moorish descent called Diego, an expert singer and player on the virginal, to unlock the secrets of the heart,[…]and cure him by the spell of his music.

1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 16, in Friday's Business:

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Roman Catholicism) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope.


cardinal

fr-adj

cardinal (feminine cardinale, masculine plural cardinaux, feminine plural cardinales)

cardinale (feminine)
cardinaux (masculine plural)
cardinales (feminine plural)


nocturnal

From Middle French nocturnal, from Latin nocturnus (“nocturnal, nightly”), from Latin nox (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”). Cognates include Ancient Greek νύξ (núx), Sanskrit नक्ति (nákti), Old English niht (English night) and Proto-Slavic *noťь.

A rather different instrument was the nocturnal: it enabled you to tell the time at night, provided you knew the date, from the position of the stars in the constellation of the Great Bear, which rotate around the Pole Star.

2015, David Wootton, The Invention of Science, Penguin, published 2016, page 188:

(historical) A device for telling the time at night, rather like a sundial but read according to the stars.


煪

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/


爐

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). Originally written 盧, see there for more.


爝

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Likely related to 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to scorch”); see there for more (STEDT).

(archaic) a torch made of bound reeds that was used for warding off evil spirits


कमल

kamalá (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमला (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमले (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलाम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलाः (accusative plural)
कमलया (instrumental singular)
कमला1 (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कमलायै (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलायाः (ablative singular)
कमलायै2 (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलायाः (genitive singular)
कमलायै2 (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमलायाम् (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलासु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Uncertain. Maybe derived from the noun sense “lotus”, but Mayrhofer considers this to be unlikely.


燃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njen): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 然 (OC *njen) – burn with fire. Originally 然 (OC *njen), but because it was phonetically borrowed for abstract senses, 火 (huǒ) was added for differentiation.
Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Jingpho nan (“to light”), shanan (“torch”) (Schuessler, 2007).


灰

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 又 (“hand”) + 火 (“fire”) – fire that can be touched with the hand (ash). 又 has been modified to 𠂇; compare 友 (“friend”), 右 (“right”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷut ~ hwut (“ashes, dust”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wu). Compare Mizo vutᴸ, Apatani mù-bu, Manipuri ut, Northern Tujia bu³ ci².

inh

灰色


炎

/emʉ/ → /eɴ/
From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem).


碧

desc

→ Vietnamese: biếc (“bluish green; azure blue”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praɡ, *preɡ): semantic 王 (“jade”) + semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).


紺

Borrowed from Japanese 紺 (kon), from Middle Chinese 紺 (kʌmᴴ), see previous etymology for detail.

(Taiwanese Hokkien) navy blue; dark blue


綪

Han char

綪 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火手一月 (VFQMB), four-corner 2592₇, composition ⿰糹青 or ⿰糹靑)

女火手一月 (cangjie-input)
⿰糹青 (composition)
⿰糹靑 (composition)


綪

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/


綠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ): semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”).
Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”).
For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn).

zh-l

綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn)

綠色

绿色

綠建築

绿建筑

綠住宅

绿住宅

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly

healthy; environmentally friendly; green

綠教

绿教


緑

From Old Japanese. Originally referred to new buds and shoots, later expanding via metonymy to mean green.


紫

Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseʔ): phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 糸.

Han compound

purple; violet; dark pink (combination of red and blue colours)


紫

From Old Japanese.
Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) + 咲き (saki, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”).

com

(colloquial) Short for 紫式部 (Murasaki Shikibu): Heian-period novelist and lady-in-waiting


紫

From 縁 (yukari, “affinity, connection”).


紫

murasachi (romanization)
むらさち (hiragana)

Related to Japanese 紫 (murasaki, “purple”)


紫

Japanese: 紫 (むらさき, murasaki)

Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) + 咲き (saki₁, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”).

茜さす

akane sasu, pillow word that can be an allusion to murasaki1

, text here
紫我下紐乃色尓不出戀可毛将痩相因乎無見
murasaki₁ no₂ waga sitabi₁mo no₂ iro₂ ni idezu ko₁pi₂ ka mo yasemu apu yo₂si wo nami₁


菫

ja:スミレ ja:スミレ属 ja:スミレ科


茜

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːns): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl).

Han compound

Rubia cordifolia
Rubia cordifolia#Translingual


蒼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007).


茶

→ Ainu: チャ (ca)

→ Nivkh: ча (ț’a)

→ Yonaguni: サー (sa:)

From various lects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Compare Mandarin 茶 (chá), Hakka 茶 (chhà), Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴). Doublet of チャイ (chai).


蔥

→ Kapampangan: sang

→ Tagalog: tsang

→ Zhuang: coeng

/tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 悤 ().
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsuŋ (“onion”). Cognate with Tibetan བཙོང (btsong), ཙོང (tsong, “onion, scallion”).

Han compound

葱
葱
𦯎
䓗
菍
𦴜
𧁗
𢚱
𦹎
葱
葱

green onion; spring onion; scallion (Classifier: 根 m; 棵 m; 把 m; 捆 m; 條／条 c; 樖 c; 紮／扎 c; 叢／丛 mn)


jag

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀺 (aggi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀕𑀺 (agi), from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni, “fire”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagnís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnis. Cognate with Hindi आग (āg), Nepali आगो (āgo), Gujarati આગ (āga), Punjabi ਅੱਗ (agga).


藍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (藍):
* → Japanese: 藍(らん) (ran)
* → Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
* → Vietnamese: lam (藍)

desc

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)

White Hmong: nkaj

→ Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)

Thai: คราม (kraam)

Lao: ຄາມ (khām)

Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)

→ Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)

Thai: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)

Zhuang: romj, goromj

→? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)

Muong: chàm

Vietnamese: chàm

→ Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)

→ Zhuang: lamz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.
Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

cog

Burmese ခရမ်း (hka.ram:, “purple, violet”)

Blue is obtained from the indigo plant but is bluer than the plant itself.

青，取之於藍，而青於藍。

青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝。

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual


藍

the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria


藍

ja-noun

藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^(←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?)

藍 (canonical)
藍 (canonical)
ai (romanization)
awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)
アヰ (hiragana historical)

/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):
* May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):
*: ⟨awoiro₂⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/
* May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)
*: */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
* May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) + 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:
*: /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

藍蝋: indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants

Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid


藍

藍 (canonical)
Ai (romanization)
Awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)


紅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) could be a variant of 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). May be related to 虹 (OC *kroːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, “rainbow”).
Originally referred to lighter shades of red; gradually replaced 赤 (chì, “red”) as the basic color term for "red".

Han compound

紅色／红色

紅茶／红茶

紅包／红包

紅綠色盲／红绿色盲

紅軍／红军

又紅又專／又红又专 ― yòuhóngyòuzhuān ― to have a procommunist mindset along with professional skill

(figurative) revolutionary; Communist; Red


紅

ja-pos

紅(くれない) • (Kurenai) ^(←くれなゐ (Kurenawi)?)

紅 (canonical)
Kurenai (romanization)
Kurenawi (romanization)
くれなゐ (hiragana historical)

⟨kure no₂ awi⟩ → /kurenawi/ → /kurenai/
From Old Japanese.
Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), itself a compound of 呉 (Kure, “China”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 藍 (ai, “indigo → dye”)). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.


紅

*/peni/ → /beni/
First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.
Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".
The ni is definitely 丹 (ni, “red earth, cinnabar”), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.


紅

Alternative spelling for 赤 (aka, “red”).


紅

From 揉み (momi, “kneading”, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.


紅

ja-pos

紅(こう) • (Kō)


ήλιος

ílios (romanization)
ήλιοι (plural)
ήλιος (nominative singular)
ήλιοι (nominative plural)
ήλιου (genitive singular)
ηλίου (genitive singular)
ήλιων (genitive plural)
ηλίων (genitive plural)
ήλιο (accusative singular)
ήλιους (accusative plural)
ηλίους (accusative plural)
ήλιε (singular vocative)
ήλιοι (plural vocative)

el-decl-noun

Second forms are formal. The paroxytone forms are colloquial, plural forms are rare.

From Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun, sunlight”), from Proto-Hellenic *hāwélios, from a pre-Hellenic or later Proto-Indo-European *sāwélios, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.
Cognate with Mariupol Greek и́люс (íljus).

inh

Η Γη περιστρέφεται γύρω από τον Ήλιο.


soleil

Inherited from Middle French soleil, from Old French soleil, from Vulgar Latin *sōliculus, diminutive of Latin sōl (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.


soleil

French: soleil


soleil

fro-noun

soleil oblique singular, m (oblique plural soleuz or soleilz, nominative singular soleuz or soleilz, nominative plural soleil)

soleil oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
soleuz (oblique plural)
soleilz (oblique plural)
soleuz (nominative singular)
soleilz (nominative singular)
soleil (nominative plural)

Gallo: soulai

Franc-Comtois: soroiye

Middle French: soleil

French: soleil

Norman: solé

Walloon: solea

From Vulgar Latin *sōliculus, diminutive of Latin sōl (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Compare Old Occitan solelh.


couleur

From Old French color, from Latin color, colōrem.


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

(medicine) Abbreviation of Crohn's disease.

سِي دِي

abbreviation of compact disc — see also compact disc


色

Chinese language
English language
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Old Japanese language

⟨iro₂⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/
From Old Japanese.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki with the meaning of color. Senses referring to a person's emotions also appear quite early on. The romance or sex senses appear from the 900s, apparently an influence from Chinese usage, and roughly comparable to the euphemistic usage of English colorful.

色艶

color and luster; a person's facial coloring; warmth of feeling in speech or attitude; interest or fun in speech or writing

色褪せる

lose color, fade; fade, lose freshness, become old and musty

色物

a colored item, particularly cloth or clothing; a lively and colorful variety act

色好い

having a beautiful figure; favorable (as in a reply or attitude)

目の色が違う猫


色

Middle Chinese language
Sanskrit language

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

色彩

coloring, coloration, hue, tint; color, mood, influence, leaning

色紙

a square piece of cardboard used for painting or for writing poems

色調

the coloring of a thing; a tone, shade, or hue


色

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

三色刷り


PPV

en-noun

PPV (countable and uncountable, plural PPVs)

positive pressure ventilation
positive pressure ventilation#English

(medicine, firefighting) Abbreviation of positive pressure ventilation.

(countable, by extension) A positive pressure ventilation machine, a PPV device

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NPPV

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

NiPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


fast

fast (indefinite singular)
faste (definite plural singular)
fastare (comparative)
fastast (indefinite superlative)
fastaste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse fastr, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology. Akin to English fast.

solid, steady, firm, fixed, permanent, stuck


lune

Haitian Creole: lalin

Mauritian Creole: lalin

Seychellois Creole: lalin

Inherited from Middle French lune, from Old French lune, from Latin lūna, from Old Latin losna, from Proto-Italic *louksnā, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-. Cognate with Spanish luna, Portuguese lua, Galician lúa, Catalan lluna, and Italian luna.


lune

English: Luna

From Old French lune (“moon”), from Latin lūna.

(astronomy, sometimes capitalised) The celestial body closest to the Earth, considered to be a planet in the Ptolemic system as well as the boundary between the Earth and the heavens.


rot

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Cognate with German rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.


rot

de-adj

rot (strong nominative masculine singular roter, comparative röter or roter, superlative am rötesten or am rotesten)

roter (masculine nominative singular strong)
röter (comparative)
roter (comparative)
am rötesten (superlative)
am rotesten (superlative)
rot (masculine predicative singular)
rot (feminine predicative singular)
rot (neuter predicative singular)
rot (plural predicative)
roter (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
rote (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
rotes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
rote (nominative plural strong without-article)
roten (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
roter (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
roten (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
roter (genitive plural strong without-article)
rotem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
roter (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
rotem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
roten (dative plural strong without-article)
roten (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
rote (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
rotes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
rote (accusative plural strong without-article)
der rote (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die rote (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das rote (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die roten (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des roten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der roten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des roten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der roten (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem roten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der roten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem roten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den roten (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den roten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die rote (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das rote (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die roten (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein roter (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine rote (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein rotes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
roten (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine roten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines roten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer roten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines roten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
roten (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner roten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem roten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer roten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem roten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
roten (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen roten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen roten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine rote (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein rotes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
roten (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine roten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
röter (comparative masculine predicative singular)
roter (comparative masculine predicative singular)
röter (comparative feminine predicative singular)
roter (comparative feminine predicative singular)
röter (comparative neuter predicative singular)
roter (comparative neuter predicative singular)
röter (comparative plural predicative)
roter (comparative plural predicative)
röterer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
roterer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
rötere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
rotere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
röteres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
roteres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
rötere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
rotere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
röteren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
roteren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
röterer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
roterer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
röteren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
roteren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
röterer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
roterer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
röterem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
roterem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
röterer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
roterer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
röterem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
roterem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
röteren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
roteren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
röteren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
roteren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
rötere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
rotere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
röteres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
roteres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
rötere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
rotere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der rötere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
der rotere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die rötere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
die rotere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das rötere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
das rotere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die röteren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
die roteren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des röteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
des roteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der röteren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
der roteren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des röteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
des roteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der röteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
der roteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem röteren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
dem roteren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der röteren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
der roteren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem röteren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
dem roteren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den röteren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den roteren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den röteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
den roteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die rötere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
die rotere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das rötere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
das rotere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die röteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
die roteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein röterer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
ein roterer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine rötere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
eine rotere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein röteres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
ein roteres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
röteren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine röteren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
roteren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine roteren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines röteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eines roteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer röteren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einer roteren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines röteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
eines roteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
röteren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner röteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
roteren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner roteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem röteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einem roteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer röteren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einer roteren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem röteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
einem roteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
röteren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen röteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
roteren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen roteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen röteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einen roteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine rötere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eine rotere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein röteres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
ein roteres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
röteren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine röteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
roteren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine roteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am rötesten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am rotesten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am rötesten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am rotesten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am rötesten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am rotesten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am rötesten (plural predicative superlative)
am rotesten (plural predicative superlative)
rötester (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
rotester (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
roteste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
rötestes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
roteste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötester (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
rotester (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rötester (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
rotester (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
rötestem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötester (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotester (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötestem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
rötesten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
rotesten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
roteste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
rötestes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
rotestes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
röteste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
roteste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der röteste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
der roteste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die röteste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
die roteste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das röteste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
das roteste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die rötesten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
die rotesten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des rötesten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
des rotesten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der rötesten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
der rotesten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des rötesten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
des rotesten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der rötesten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
der rotesten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem rötesten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
dem rotesten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der rötesten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
der rotesten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem rötesten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
dem rotesten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den rötesten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den rotesten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den rötesten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
den rotesten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die röteste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
die roteste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das röteste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
das roteste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die rötesten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
die rotesten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein rötester (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein rotester (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine röteste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine roteste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein rötestes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
ein rotestes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
rötesten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine rötesten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
rotesten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine rotesten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines rötesten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eines rotesten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer rötesten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einer rotesten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines rötesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
eines rotesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
rötesten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner rötesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
rotesten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner rotesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem rötesten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einem rotesten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer rötesten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einer rotesten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem rötesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
einem rotesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
rötesten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen rötesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
rotesten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen rotesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen rötesten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einen rotesten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine röteste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eine roteste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein rötestes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
ein rotestes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
rötesten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine rötesten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
rotesten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine rotesten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.
Compare Low German root, rod, rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.

(historical, possibly offensive) redskin; Native American; Indian


rot

desctree

Middle Dutch: rôot
Dutch: rood
Afrikaans: rooi
Jersey Dutch: rôi
Negerhollands: rooi, ro, roo, rood
Skepi Creole Dutch: aro
Limburgish: roead


rot

Middle High German: rōt

desc

Alemannic German: rot, rout, ruat, ròt, röts (Italian Walser)

Central Franconian: rut, rot

Kirchröadsj Ripuarian: roeëd

German: rot

Hunsrik: rod

Luxembourgish: rout

Mòcheno: roat

Pennsylvania German: rot

Vilamovian: rut

Yiddish: רויט (royt)

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.


rot

From Middle High German and Old High German rōt, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Compare German rot, Dutch rood, English red.


cor

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese coor (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin color, colōrem.


uva

→ Apalaí: uwa

From Old Galician-Portuguese uva, from Latin ūva. Cognate with Galician, Spanish, and Italian uva and Romanian auă.

(Brazil, figurative, colloquial) a good-looking thing or person


pesca

From Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca), from Late Latin persica, from Latin persicum (“peach”, literally “fruit from Persia”). Compare French pêche.


lunar

From Middle English lunar (“shaped like the crescent moon”), from Latin lūnāris (“of or pertaining to the moon, lunar”) (possibly through Middle French lunaire (modern French lunaire (“lunar”)), from lūna (“the Moon; crescent shape”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”)) + -is (suffix forming adjectives).

der

Alternative form: Lunar

lunar observations  a lunar eclipse

By two lunar obſervations the long[itude] was 9° 57′ 30″ E. agreeing within 37′ by the watch, though the day before the long. by moon and watch differed 2° 35′.

1774 September, “A Voyage towards the North Pole, Undertaken by His Majesty’s Command in 1773. By Constantine John Phipps. 4to. Nourse.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XLIV, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry, and sold by F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC, paragraph 25, page 421, column 2:

Lunar eclipſes are not quite ſo complicated in theory, nor near ſo tedious and difficult in calculation, as ſolar ones. The latter are only apparent, the former really ſuch; that is, the Moon is really deprived of its light, and therefore muſt appear obſcured to all the inhabitants of the earth equally, by whom ſhe can be ſeen; whereas the Sun, not being deficient in light, will ever appear reſplendent to thoſe who do not happen to live on that part of the earth where the lunar ſhadows pass.

1782, Blith Hancock, “Section I. Of the Doctrine of Eclipses.”, in The Doctrine of Eclipses, both Solar and Lunar; Containing Short and Easy Precepts for Computing Solar and Lunar Eclipses. […], Norwich, Norfolk: Printed by J. Crouse, for the author, and sold by M. Booth, […], →OCLC, page 8:

You know nothing about fixing the lunar rays into a ſolid ſubſtance, but you muſt not therefore ſay that this is impoſſible. It can be done, and I can do it. Theſe rays, reduced to a ſubtle powder, and blown on the ſurface of the infant brain, ſtimulate it in future life, by their quality of pricking.

1783, “the Man of the People” [pseudonym; William Thomson], “I Leave the Service of the Apothecary, and Enter into that of the Lunar Sovereign”, in The Man in the Moon; or, Travels into the Lunar Regions, volume I, London: Printed for J[ohn] Murray, […], →OCLC, page 104:

The transformation of primitive lunar deities into solar or heavenly gods are often associated with the transfer of magical and priestly functions to the men and the development of male priesthoods. [...] Or again, in Peru, the official cult of the lunar deity at Cuzco was served by colleges of priestesses, while the service of the Sun-god was performed by male priests.

1927, Robert Briffault, “The Magical Origin of Queens”, in The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions, volume III, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 1:

Ahead the flanks of the Pennines gleamed faintly in the moonlight, looking as though they themselves were part of some dry and deserted lunar landscape.

1960 January, G. Freeman Allen, “"Condor"—British Railways' fastest freight train”, in Trains Illustrated, page 48:

Beyond Earth, the Moon is the only body in space that has been systematically sampled. [...] These samples were collected by the six U.S. Apollo and three U.S.S.R. Luna missions from known locations on the lunar surface. [...] Each Apollo landing increased in exploration complexity and returned even greater amounts of lunar samples.

1991, David Vaniman, John Dietrich, G. Jeffrey Taylor, Grant Heiken, “Exploration, Samples, and Recent Concepts of the Moon”, in Grant Heiken, David Vaniman, Bevan M. French, editors, Lunar Sourcebook: A User’s Guide to the Moon, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 2.1 (Lunar Exploration), page 5:

Of, pertaining to, or resembling the Moon (that is, Luna, the Earth's moon).

قَمَرِيّ

of, pertaining to, or resembling the Moon

Some of the Ancients, and likewiſe diuers of the Moderne VVriters, that haue laboured in Naturall Magick, have noted a Sympathy, between the Sunne, Moone, and ſome Principall Starres; And certaine Herbes, and Plants. And they haue denominated ſome Herbes Solar, and ſome Lunar; [...]

1631, Francis [Bacon], “V. Century. [Experiments in Consort Touching the Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, paragraph 493, page 122:

(chiefly historical) (Believed to be) influenced by the Moon, as in character, growth, or properties.

lunaarinen

(believed to be) influenced by the Moon or the moon of another planet

On the Poison of Serpents. By W. Boag, Esq. [...] Supposing the fatal effect [of a snakebite] to be produced by the sudden subtraction of oxygen from the blood, this gentleman recommends, by way of antidote, the employment of those substances which contain oxygen in its greatest abundance, and part with it with the greatest facility; and, as lunar caustic [silver nitrate] possesses these properties in a singular degree, he concludes that no medicine is better calculated to resist the effects of the poison of serpents.

1805 April, “Art. V. Asiatic Researches, Vols. VI. and VII. …”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XLVI, London: Printed by Strahan and Preston, […]; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], published 1794, →OCLC, page 379:

(alchemy, chemistry, historical) Of or pertaining to silver (which was symbolically associated with the Moon by alchemists).

Several initial experimental firings of the various stages of Saturn V into earth orbit will precede the planned lunar flight. The astronauts will practice rendezvous techniques in the earth's orbit. [...] Before they reach the moon the astronauts will have another difficult maneuver to perform—turning their command module around so that its nose is attached to the top of the lunar excursion module. Two of the crew members will transfer from the command module to the lunar excursion module.

1963, L. L. Waite, “How We will Get to the Moon: Excerpt from a Speech by L. L. Waite, Senior Vice President, North American Aviation, Inc., before the Electronic Analysts of Boston”, in Skyline, volume 21, number 2, Pittsburgh, Pa.: North American Aviation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20:

(astronomy) Of or pertaining to travel through space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon.

kuu-

of or pertaining to travel though space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon


lunar

[Y]oung beginners cannot be too often cautioned that a single lunar is of little or no value until the observer knows the usual difference between his lunars taken on opposite sides of the moon; and these should be taken with the same instrument, using the same screens and telescope, for he must remember that they may be expected to differ. My star lunars differ from three to four minutes, or say fifty miles of longitude; my sun lunars from one to two minutes, or say twenty minutes of longitude.

1859 October, Henry Toynbee, “A Few More Words on Lunars”, in The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle: A Journal of Papers on Subjects Connected with Maritime Affairs, volume XXVIII, number 10, London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co. […]; and J. D. Potter, […], →OCLC, page 511:

With cheap quartz watches (several, for reliability) we can do all the modern celestial navigation we could want. But learning and practicing lunars gives us deeper insight into celestial navigation; an appreciation for their historical importance and difficulty; and perhaps most significant of all, after conquering lunars we can appreciate the great convenience of St. Hilaire sights and modern quartz watches. Moreover, in the rare event of losing UT, with lunars and only a poor watch we can still be confident of finding our longitude at sea (well, OK, to within 30′).

2007, John Karl, “Lunar Distance Sights”, in Celestial Navigation in the GPS Age, Arcata, Calif.: Paradise Cay Publications; Wichita, Kan.: Celestaire, →ISBN, pages 96–97:

(nautical, navigation) An observation of a lunar distance (“the angle between the Moon and another celestial body”), especially for establishing the longitude of a ship at sea.


grue

Blend of green + blue. The philosophy sense was coined by American philosopher Nelson Goodman in 1955 to illustrate concepts in the philosophy of science. The linguistic sense was coined by American linguist Paul Kay in 1975 as a translation from languages such as Welsh that have a basic cover term that covers both the hues called "green" and "blue" in English.

coinage

(linguistics) A single color inclusive of both green and blue as different shades, used in translations from languages such as Old Welsh and Old Chinese that lacked a distinction between green and blue.

𑚝𑚯𑚥𑚭

linguistics: green or blue in languages that do not distinguish the two colors


grue

head

grue (present tense gruer, simple past grua or gruet or grudde, past participle grua or gruet or grudd)

gruer (present)
grua (past)
gruet (past)
grudde (past)
grua (participle past)
gruet (participle past)
grudd (participle past)

Han gruet for morgendagen.
He was queasy about the following day.

Han grudde seg til tannlegen.

He was queasy about [the coming visit to] the dentist.

To be queasy or nervous in anticipation of something.


dawn

en-verb

dawn (third-person singular simple present dawns, present participle dawning, simple past and past participle dawned)

dawns (present singular third-person)
dawning (participle present)
dawned (participle past)
dawned (past)

Back-formation from dawning. (If the noun rather than the verb is primary, the noun could directly continue dawing.) Compare daw (“to dawn”).

A new day dawns.

In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene[…]to see the sepulchre.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew xxviii:1:

(intransitive) To begin to brighten with daylight.


café

fr-noun

café m (usually uncountable, plural cafés)

Haitian Creole: kafe

Louisiana Creole: kafe

Borrowings

→ Albanian: kafeja

→ Alemannic German: Kaafe

→ Arabic: كَافِيه (kāfē)

Gulf Arabic: كافيه (kāfē)

→ Asturian: café

→ Bulgarian: кафе́ (kafé)

→ Cantonese: 咖啡 (gaa³ fe¹)

Taishanese: 咖啡 (ga¹ fie²)

→ Coeur d'Alene: lkaapi

→ Crimean Tatar: kafe

→ Danish: café

→ English: café

→ German: Café (“café”)

→ German: Kaffee (“coffee”)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kaffe

→ Dutch: café

→ Hebrew: קָפֶה (kafé)

→ Khmer: កាហ្វេ (kaafee)

→ Kumak: kafe

→ Lao: ກາເຟ (kā fē)

→ Luxembourgish: Café

→ Mandarin: 咖啡 (kāfēi)

→ Norman: café

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kaffi

→ Nzadi: kafɛ

→ Ojibwe: aapii

desctree

→ Russian: кафе́ (kafé)
→ Armenian: կաֆե (kafe)
→ Georgian: კაფე (ḳape)
→ Mongolian: кафе (kafe)
→ Ukrainian: кафе́ (kafé)

→ Persian:

Iranian Persian: کافه (kāfe)

→ Portuguese: café, cafè (obsolete)
Kadiwéu: gaape

→ Serbo-Croatian: kafić

→ Spanish: café
→ Cebuano: kape
→ Central Tarahumara: kajé
→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: cafe
→ Hiligaynon: kape
→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: capej
→ Navajo: ahwééh
→ Tagalog: kape
→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ka-pé)
→ Waray-Waray: kape

→ Swedish: café

→ Tamil: கப்பே (kappē)

→ Thai: กาแฟ (gaa-fɛɛ)

→ West Uvean: kafe

→ Vietnamese: cà phê

Standard French

Belgium

Borrowed from Italian caffè, first appearing as the form caveé, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of caoua.


café

Kadiwéu: gaape

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
French cafébor.
Portuguese café
Borrowed from French café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Classical Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”).

etymon

Gosto muito deste café.
I like this café very much.

café; coffee shop (establishment selling coffee and sometimes other non-alcoholic beverages)


café

es-adj

café m or f (masculine and feminine plural café or cafés)

café (feminine masculine plural)
cafés (feminine masculine plural)

Borrowed from French café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”).


café

→ Cebuano: kape

→ Central Tarahumara: kajé

→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: cafe

→ Hiligaynon: kape

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: capej

→ Navajo: ahwééh

→ Tagalog: kape
→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ka-pé)

→ Waray-Waray: kape


mint

From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat.
The verb is from the noun; Old English mynetian (“to mint”) is a parallel formation.

der

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang) Attractive; beautiful; handsome.


mint

en-noun

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


platinum

platinum (countable and uncountable, plural platinums)

From Spanish platina (“little silver”) del Pinto ("of the Pinto") + -um. It was called "little" (or "lesser") silver because the metal was found as an impurity in gold, and del Pinto for the Pinto River in Grand Columbia where Europeans discovered it being mined by Native Americans.

The chemical element with atomic number 78 and symbol Pt; a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, silverish-white transition metal of great value.


platinum

Of a musical recording that has sold over one million copies (for singles), or two million (for albums).


platinum

en-verb

platinum (third-person singular simple present platinums, present participle platinuming, simple past and past participle platinumed)

platinums (present singular third-person)
platinuming (participle present)
platinumed (participle past)
platinumed (past)

I platinumed in Clash of Clans yesterday.

(computer games) To attain all of the achievements in a game, on certain PlayStation consoles.


natural

en-adj

natural (comparative more natural, superlative most natural)

more natural (comparative)
most natural (superlative)

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

From Middle English natural, borrowed from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb). Displaced native Old English ġecynde. By surface analysis, nature + -al.

luonnollinen

that exists and evolved within the confines of an ecosystem

luonnollinen

having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position

Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Having an innate ability to fill a given role or profession, or display a specified character.


natural

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

natural:

An almost white colour, with tints of grey, yellow or brown; originally that of natural fabric.

Chinosole, who stopped straightening her hair and cut it into a natural while at a predominantly white college, was quite uneasy with the style

2002, Maxine Leeds Craig, Ain't I a Beauty Queen?: Black Women, Beauty, and the Politics of Race, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

I wanted to do it for so long — throw out my chemically relaxed hair for a natural.

2012, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Chicken Soup for the African American Soul: Celebrating and Sharing Our Culture One Story at a Time, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

Third, it insinuates that black afro hairstyles (e.g., naturals) relate to African cultural heritage, which is largely untrue.

2015, Carmen M. Cusack, HAIR AND JUSTICE: Sociolegal Significance of Hair in Criminal Justice, Constitutional Law, and Public Policy, Charles C Thomas Publisher, →ISBN, page 155:

(US, colloquial) A hairstyle for people with Afro-textured hair in which the hair is not straightened or otherwise treated.

> Nina Hartley ¶ 2, unattractive, square "steriod^([sic]) jaw", nice ass, FAKE breasts or small naturals, great sexual presence […] > Marilyn Monroe ¶ 7, decent body, medium NATURALS, stereotypical "godess^([sic])/playboy" blond/blue doesn't usually work for me, good sexual presence

1999 March 2, Mathew Alphonse Coppola, “Please rate these women...”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet), retrieved 2021-10-18:

She's [Eva/Mercedes] a brunette European with a curvy natural body with nice tits. For that matter, there are lots of women in Rocco [Siffredi]'s vids with nice naturals.

2002 August 19, Jon Eric, “Great Tit Debate.......”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet), retrieved 2021-10-18:

It isn't the big naturals on a little torso that do it for me, since that is not my thing.

2010 March 2, Miles Williams Mathis, “The Sexiest Women of the Screen: A Thinking Man's List”, in [personal website], archived from the original on 2010-09-23:

I’m really a good person with a good heart and I believe there is someone out there who will love me. Hopefully a Mexican hottie with big naturals.

2016 October 26, Stephen Falk, “The Seventh Layer”, in Wendey Stanzler, director, You're the Worst, season 3, episode 9 (television production), spoken by Vernon Barbara (Todd Robert Anderson), via FXX:

(slang, chiefly in plural) A breast which has not been modified by plastic surgery.


ni

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii (“sun; day”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).


moonrise

Venus now re-assembles her Choirs of Virgins at Moon-rise, and leads the Ball.

1742, Matthew Towers, transl., The Lyric Pieces of Horace, Dublin, Volume I, Ode III, p. 17:

Shooting, hunting, and cricket, were pursued with the eagerness of laborious occupations: often has he rambled about from day-break to moon-rise, in search of game; and then returned to Mr. ONiel’s, pale with fatigue, and sick with fasting.

1804, Anna Maria Porter, The Lake of Killarney, volume I, London: Longman & Rees, page 23:

Weena, I was glad to find, was fast asleep. I carefully wrapped her in my jacket, and sat down beside her to wait for the moonrise.

1895 May 7, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Chapter 7”, in The Time Machine: An Invention, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC:

1909, Edith Wharton, “The Mortal Lease” V, in Artemis to Actaeon and Other Verse, New York: Scribner’s, p. 41,
Do I not know, some wingèd things from far
Are borne along illimitable night
To dance their lives out in a single flight
Between the moonrise and the setting star?

Rain on Rahoon falls softly, softly falling
Where my dark lover lies.
Sad is his voice that calls me, sadly calling
At grey moonrise.

1917 November, James Joyce, “She Weeps over Rahoon”, in Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, volume XI, number II, page 71:

Moonrise over the hills above Settle.

2021 January 13, “Settle under starlight”, in Rail, page 37, photo caption:

The time of day or night when the moon begins to rise over the horizon.


黒

Cognate with Japanese 黒(くろ) (kuro) and Northern Amami Ōshima 黒 (kuru).


igniferous

igniferous (comparative more igniferous, superlative most igniferous)

more igniferous (comparative)
most igniferous (superlative)

/ɪɡˈnɪfəɹəs/

Near-synonyms: fire-breathing, flammivomous


sulfur

en-noun

sulfur (usually uncountable, plural sulfurs)

From Middle English sulphur, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sulfre, from Latin sulfur, from sulpur itself of uncertain origin. Displaced Old English swefl and largely displaced brimstone.

sulphur

UK; no longer standard in scientific usage

ultra-low sulfur diesel, ultra-low sulphur diesel

(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol S) with an atomic number of 16.

sulfur:

(countable, uncountable) A yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.

Coordinate term: yellow

Any of various pierid butterflies of the subfamily Coliadinae, especially the sulfur-coloured species.


sulfur

en-adj

sulfur (comparative more sulfur, superlative most sulfur)

more sulfur (comparative)
most sulfur (superlative)

Of a yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.


sulfur

en-verb

sulfur (third-person singular simple present sulfurs, present participle sulfuring, simple past and past participle sulfured)

sulfurs (present singular third-person)
sulfuring (participle present)
sulfured (participle past)
sulfured (past)

(transitive) To treat with sulfur, or a sulfur compound, especially to preserve or to counter agricultural pests.


ignis

la-noun

ignis m (genitive ignis); third declension

ignis (genitive)
ignis (nominative singular)
ignēs (nominative plural)
ignis (genitive singular)
ignium (genitive plural)
ignī (dative singular)
ignibus (dative plural)
ignem (accusative singular)
ignēs (accusative plural)
ignīs (accusative plural)
igne (ablative singular)
ignī (ablative singular)
ignibus (ablative plural)
ignis (singular vocative)
ignēs (plural vocative)

→ Italian: igne

Romanian: Igniș (toponym)

Inherited from Proto-Italic *əngʷnis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís (“fire”). Cognate with Lithuanian ugnis, Sanskrit अग्नि (agní), Hittite 𒀀𒀝𒉌𒅖 (akniš) (an Indo-Iranian borrowing), Old Church Slavonic огнь (ognĭ) and Old Prussian ugnis.

ferro ignique

striduntque cavernis / stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.420–421

Chalybian ores hiss in the caverns, and from the furnace mouths puff the hot-panting fires


un

head

un (IIa class pluriform, R1 run, R2 sun, noun form una)

form una (noun)
Causative
moún
-ba'e
i unyba'e
-sab
-saba
undaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe un (active)
i un (active)
oré un (active)
îandé un (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe un (active)
ta nde un (active)
t'i un (active)
t'oré un (active)
t'îandé un (active)
ta pe un (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe uni (active)
na nde uni (active)
n'i uni (active)
n'oré uni (active)
n'îandé uni (active)
na pe uni (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde un umẽ (active)
pe un umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe un umẽ (active)
ta nde un umẽ (active)
t'i un umẽ (active)
t'oré un umẽ (active)
t'îandé un umẽ (active)
ta pe un umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe unamo (gerund)
nde unamo (gerund)
o unamo (gerund)
oré unamo (gerund)
îandé unamo (gerund)
pe unamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe une'ymamo (gerund)
nde une'ymamo (gerund)
o une'ymamo (gerund)
oré une'ymamo (gerund)
îandé une'ymamo (gerund)
pe une'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
una (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
une'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe uni (infinitive)
i uni (infinitive)
oré uni (infinitive)
îandé uni (infinitive)
xe une'ymi (infinitive)
i une'ymi (infinitive)
oré une'ymi (infinitive)
îandé une'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *un (“black, dark”).
Cognate with Guaraní hũ.


croissant

→ English: croissant

→ German: Croissant

→ Italian: croissant

→ Malay: roti bulan sabit (calque)

→ Turkish: kruvasan

→ Spanish: cruasán

→ Asturian: curasán

→ Catalan: croissant

→ Portuguese: croassã

Present participle of the verb croître (“to increase, to grow”). From Old French croisant, from earlier creissant, from Latin crēscentem, present active participle of crēscō (“to augment”).

croissant de lune


croissant

fr-adj

croissant (feminine croissante, masculine plural croissants, feminine plural croissantes)

croissante (feminine)
croissants (masculine plural)
croissantes (feminine plural)


黄

ja-adj

黄(き) • (ki) -na (adnominal 黄(き)な (ki na), adverbial 黄(き)に (ki ni))

黄 (canonical)
ki (romanization)
黄な (adnominal)
黄に (adverbial)
黄だろ (imperfective stem)
きだろ (imperfective stem)
ki daro (imperfective)
黄で (continuative stem)
きで (continuative stem)
ki de (continuative)
黄だ (stem terminative)
きだ (stem terminative)
ki da (terminative)
黄な (attributive stem)
きな (attributive stem)
ki na (attributive)
黄なら (hypothetical stem)
きなら (hypothetical stem)
ki nara (hypothetical)
黄であれ (imperative stem)
きであれ (imperative stem)
ki de are (imperative)
黄ではない (informal negative)
黄じゃない (informal negative)
きではない (informal negative)
きじゃない (informal negative)
ki de wa nai (informal negative)
ki ja nai (informal negative)
黄だった (informal past)
きだった (informal past)
ki datta (informal past)
黄ではなかった (informal negative past)
黄じゃなかった (informal negative past)
きではなかった (informal negative past)
きじゃなかった (informal negative past)
ki de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
ki ja nakatta (informal negative past)
黄です (formal)
きです (formal)
ki desu (formal)
黄ではありません (formal negative)
黄じゃありません (formal negative)
きではありません (formal negative)
きじゃありません (formal negative)
ki de wa arimasen (formal negative)
ki ja arimasen (formal negative)
黄でした (formal past)
きでした (formal past)
ki deshita (formal past)
黄ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
黄じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
きではありませんでした (formal negative past)
きじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ki de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
ki ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
黄で (conjunctive)
きで (conjunctive)
ki de (conjunctive)
黄なら（ば） (conditional)
きなら（ば） (conditional)
ki nara (ba) (conditional)
黄だったら (conditional past)
きだったら (conditional past)
ki dattara (conditional past)
黄だろう (volitional)
きだろう (volitional)
ki darō (volitional)
黄に (adverbial)
きに (adverbial)
ki ni (adverbial)
黄さ (noun-from-adj)
きさ (noun-from-adj)
kisa (noun-from-adj)
黃なら (irrealis stem)
きなら (irrealis stem)
kinara (irrealis)
黃に (continuative stem)
黃なり (continuative stem)
きに (continuative stem)
きなり (continuative stem)
kini (continuative)
kinari (continuative)
黃なり (stem terminative)
きなり (stem terminative)
kinari (terminative)
黃なる (attributive stem)
きなる (attributive stem)
kinaru (attributive)
黃なれ (realis stem)
きなれ (realis stem)
kinare (realis)
黃なれ (imperative stem)
きなれ (imperative stem)
kinare (imperative)
黃ならず (negative)
きならず (negative)
kinarazu (negative)
黃なれど (contrastive)
きなれど (contrastive)
kinaredo (contrastive)
黃なれば (causative)
きなれば (causative)
kinareba (causative)
黃ならば (conditional)
きならば (conditional)
kinaraba (conditional)
黃なりき (past)
きなりき (past)
kinariki (past)
黃なりけり (past)
きなりけり (past)
kinarikeri (past)
黃に (adverbial)
きに (adverbial)
kini (adverbial)

ja-adj-infl

黄

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


黄

黄 (canonical)
kō (romanization)
kwau (romanization)
くわう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 黃 (MC hwang).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


黄

黄 (canonical)
ō (romanization)
wau (romanization)
わう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 黃 (MC hwang).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


pers

From Dutch pers, from Middle Dutch perse.


pers

fr-adj

pers (feminine perse, masculine plural pers, feminine plural perses)

perse (feminine)
pers (masculine plural)
perses (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin persus (“Persian”).

bor+

(literary) blue-green (particularly used in reference to eyes)


alb

albi (plural)
alb (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
albul (accusative definite nominative singular)
albi (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
albii (accusative definite nominative plural)
alb (indefinite singular)
albului (definite singular)
albi (indefinite plural)
albilor (definite plural)
albule (singular vocative)
albilor (plural vocative)

Inherited from Latin albus, from Proto-Italic *alβos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰos, *álbʰos, *albʰós (“white”). Doublet of album.


alb

rm-adj

alb m (feminine singular alba, masculine plural albs, feminine plural albas)

alba (feminine singular)
albs (masculine plural)
albas (feminine plural)


Vulcan

From Latin Vulcānus, probably from Etruscan although very unclear, but unknown meaning and further origin (see more in Latin entry). Doublet of bolcane and volcano.

A town in Vulcan County, southern Alberta, Canada.

A ghost town in Gunnison County, Colorado.


Vulcan

From Vulcan (etymology 1), from the Star Trek TV series of the 1960s.

language constructed
constructed language

A language constructed for the Star Trek franchise, spoken by the fictional Vulcan species.


fire engine

A fire aboard TfW 175007, working a Holyhead-Cardiff Central service on February 8, closed the A483 road while five fire engines from Wrexham, Deeside, and Cheshire attended the scene.

2023 March 22, “Network News: Class 175s withdrawn for safety checks after fires”, in RAIL, number 979, page 13:

(firefighting, vehicles) A vehicle used by firefighters to pump water to fight a fire. Typically, a fire engine carries a supply of water and has the ability to connect to an external water supply.


黑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黑):
* → Japanese: 黒(こく) (koku)
* → Korean: 흑(黑) (heuk)
* → Vietnamese: hắc (黑)

Five Punishments
Shuowen
Spring and Autumn
Warring States

Pictogram (象形) – a person (大) with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing (墨 and 黥), one of the five punishments of ancient China.
In the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, dots were sometimes added around 大, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 𡆧 (“chimney”) + 炎 (“fire; flame”) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.
This word displaced the earlier word for "black", 玄. Unrelated to 熏.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).
The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Han compound

† - usually describes the color of cloth or thread

黑色

她戴著黑帽子。

Nothing red is seen but foxes,
Nothing black but crows.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

莫赤匪狐，莫黑匪烏。

莫赤匪狐，莫黑匪乌。


sonne

English: sun

Scots: sun

Yola: zin

From Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ.

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 7-8.
The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The brightest and warmest celestial body, considered to be a planet in the Ptolemic system; the Sun.


spectrum

From Latin spectrum (“appearance, image, apparition”), from speciō (“look at, view”). Doublet of specter. See also scope.

bor

He punctuated his words with a look into my eyes that might have been read as threatening or menacing by anyone who was not on the spectrum. But I am on the spectrum, and so I stared back at him.

2022, Percival Everett, Dr. No, Influx Press (2023), page 110:

(psychology, education, usually with the) The autism spectrum.


kana

kȁna (canonical feminine)
ка̏на (Cyrillic)
kȁna (nominative singular)
kane (nominative plural)
kane (genitive singular)
kȃnā (genitive plural)
kani (dative singular)
kanama (dative plural)
kanu (accusative singular)
kane (accusative plural)
kano (singular vocative)
kane (plural vocative)
kani (locative singular)
kanama (locative plural)
kanom (instrumental singular)
kanama (instrumental plural)

Borrowing from Ottoman Turkish قنا (kına), from Arabic حِنَّاء (ḥinnāʔ).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">kına</i>

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual


fireball

/ˈfaɪəɹˌbɔl/

Chelyabinsk meteor
Nevada Test Site
Operation Upshot–Knothole

The noun is derived from fire (noun) + ball (noun). The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.

tulipallo

bag or ball filled with combustible material; (heraldry) charge depicting a disc-shaped bombshell

[T]here vvas ſuch a Tempeſt & thunder vvith great firebals of lightning, that the vault of the church brake, and halfe the Chancell vvas carried avvay.

1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book IX ([Englands Monarchs] […]), paragraph 26, page 616, column 1:

It is an obſervation of Seamen, That if a ſingle meteor or fireball falls on their maſt, it portends ill luck; but if tvvo come together (vvhich they count Caſtor and Pollux) they preſage good ſucceſſe: […]

1642, Thomas Fuller, “The Good Wife”, in The Holy State, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel for John Williams, […], →OCLC, book I, paragraph 2, page 2:

An emanation of St. Elmo's fire; also (later), of ball lightning.


ga

head

ga m (genitive singular ga or gaoi, nominative plural gathanna or gaoi or gaoithe)

ga (genitive singular)
gaoi (genitive singular)
gathanna (nominative plural)
gaoi (nominative plural)
gaoithe (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
ga (indefinite singular)
gathanna (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a gha (indefinite singular)
a ghathanna (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an ga (definite singular)
na gathanna (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an gha (definite singular)
na ngathanna (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an nga (definite singular)
don gha (definite singular)
leis na gathanna (definite plural)
ga
gha
nga

Apparently a conflation of Old Irish gath, goth (“spear”) with the synonymous gae (“spear”), from Proto-Celtic *gaisos (“spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“spear”). Cognate with Welsh gwayw and Latin gaesum (a Gaulish loanword) as well as Old English gār.


aqua

en-adj

aqua (comparative more aqua, superlative most aqua)

more aqua (comparative)
most aqua (superlative)

From Middle English aqua (“water”), borrowed from Latin aqua. Perhaps also a learned borrowing directly from Latin. Doublet of ea, Eau, eau, and yeo.


flammable

flammable (comparative more flammable, superlative most flammable)

more flammable (comparative)
most flammable (superlative)

Back-formation from inflammable, which is used to avoid confusion with non-flammable, as the prefix in- is often used to mean "un-; non-", although it was originally meant in a sense closely related to en-.

flammable liquid

леснозапалим

capable of burning — see also inflammable

Coordinate term: volatile

Subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion.

inflammable

subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion

In considering the possible commitment of U.S. forces to South Vietnam , the Joint Chiefs of Staff have reviewed the overall critical situation in Southeast Asia with particular emphasis upon the present highly flammable situation in South Vietnam.

1971, United States. Department of Defense, United States-Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967, page 42:

They could stuff their ears with cotton, but they could not, after all, fight such flammable ideas ( at least not in the public squares where Attucks's war whoops could still be heard ).

2002, Gregory Toledo, The Hanging of Old Brown, page 27:

With her play Diamond Lil, she discovered a way to sneak her flammable subject matter past the censors.

2004, Elizabeth Prioleau, Seductress: Women Who Ravished the World and Their Lost Art of Love:

King's words touch on a higher law of leadership, that the solution to a sensitive and highly contentious and even flammable situation often lies in doing the opposite of what is expected and even perceived as normal or 'natural'.

2015, Adriaan Groenewald, Seamless Leadership: A passion to perform in South Africa:

Evelyn realized that Adam's flammable words and angry eyes were only the form of his untold pain, holding the strongest words of his heart, unspoken.

2021, Esra Gultakin, In the Shallows: Awaken Your Mind:

(figurative) Very likely to cause fighting or controversy; extremely contentious.


jet

jet (comparative jetter or more jet, superlative jettest or most jet)

jetter (comparative)
more jet (comparative)
jettest (superlative)
most jet (superlative)

From Middle English get, geet, gete, from a northern form of Old French jayet, jaiet, gaiet, from Latin gagātēs, from Ancient Greek Γαγάτης (Gagátēs), from Γάγας (Gágas, “a town and river in Lycia”). Doublet of gagate.

All the direct blacks require working in strong baths to give anything like black shades; they all have, more or less, a bluish tone, which can be changed to a jetter shade by the addition of a yellow or green dye in small proportions, which has been done in one of the recipes given above.

1901, Franklin Beech, The Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics: A Practical Handbook for the Dyer and Student:

She was an ash blonde with greenish eyes, beaded lashes, hair waved smoothly back from ears in which large jet buttons glittered.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 23:


antique white

en-noun

antique white (countable and uncountable, plural antique whites)

antique white:


sole

it-noun

sole m (plural soli, diminutive (colloquial) solicèllo or (uncommon) solicìno)

soli (plural)
solicèllo (colloquial diminutive)
solicìno (diminutive uncommon)

From Sole, from Latin sōlem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognates include Greek ήλιος (ílios), Icelandic sól, Hindi सूर्य (sūrya), and Russian со́лнце (sólnce).

E tu onore di pianti, Ettore, avrai ¶ […] finché il Sole ¶ Risplenderà sulle sciagure umane.

1807, Ugo Foscolo, Dei Sepolcri, Molini, Landi e comp., published 1809, page 20:

And you, Hector, will be honored with cryings ¶ […] as long as the Sun ¶ will shine on the misfortunes of mankind.


sole

Steva chiuvenno, po' è asciuto 'o sole.


yellowish

From Middle English ȝelowisch; equivalent to yellow + -ish.


must

must (nominative singular)
mustad (nominative plural)
mustan (accusative singular)
mustad (accusative plural)
mustan (genitive singular)
mustiden (genitive plural)
mustad (partitive singular)
mustid (partitive plural)
mustan (essive-instructive singular)
mustin (essive-instructive plural)
mustaks (singular translative)
mustikš (plural translative)
mustas (inessive singular)
mustiš (inessive plural)
mustaspäi (elative singular)
mustišpäi (elative plural)
mustaha (illative singular)
mustha (illative singular)
mustihe (illative plural)
mustal (adessive singular)
mustil (adessive plural)
mustalpäi (ablative singular)
mustilpäi (ablative plural)
mustale (allative singular)
mustile (allative plural)
mustata (abessive singular)
mustita (abessive plural)
mustanke (comitative singular)
mustidenke (comitative plural)
mustadme (prolative singular)
mustidme (plural prolative)
mustanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
mustidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
mustannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
mustidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
mustannopäi (egressive singular)
mustidennopäi (egressive plural)
mustahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
musthasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
mustihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
mustalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
mustilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
mustassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
mustahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
musthapäi (additive additive-i singular)
mustihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
mustalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
mustilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


must

musta (genitive)
musta (partitive)
must (nominative singular)
mustaq (nominative plural)
musta (accusative singular)
mustaq (accusative plural)
musta (genitive singular)
muste (genitive plural)
musta (partitive singular)
muste (partitive plural)
musta (illative singular)
muste (illative plural)
mustehe (illative plural)
mustan (inessive singular)
mustahn (inessive singular)
musten (inessive plural)
mustehn (inessive plural)
mustast (elative singular)
mustest (elative plural)
mustalõ (allative singular)
mustelõ (allative plural)
mustal (adessive singular)
mustel (adessive plural)
mustalt (ablative singular)
mustelt (ablative plural)
mustas (singular translative)
mustes (plural translative)
mustaniq (singular terminative)
musteniq (plural terminative)
mustaldaq (abessive singular)
musteldaq (abessive plural)
mustagaq (comitative singular)
mustegaq (comitative plural)


lava

en-noun

lava (countable and uncountable, plural lavas)

From Italian, from Neapolitan lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”). Likely in the sense of “landslide, torrent” from Latin labes (“fall”), compare labina (“avalanche, landslide”). A supposed relation with lavare (“to wash”) is now widely discredited. Neither is there probably any relation with Arabic لابة (lāba, “black volcanic rock”).

noncog

The molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides; magma that has breached the surface of the earth.


last night

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-last night.wav

We partied last night.

during the previous day’s nighttime; during the night before today (This entry is a translation hub.)

vannacht

used to both last night and coming night

heute Nacht

after midnight; can also mean the coming night, depending on tense


walnut

From Middle English walnote, walnutte, walnotte, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “foreign nut”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”) + *hnuts (“nut”). Cognate with Dutch walnoot, German Walnuss, Swedish valnöt, Icelandic valhneta. Compare more recent term Welsh onion, which also uses Welsh to mean “foreign”.

inh

Having a dark brown colour, the colour of walnut wood.


tomorrow night

During the night of the day after the present day.


tomorrow night

The night of the day after the present day.