青い

ja-adj

青(あお)い • (aoi) ^(←あをい (awoi)?)-i (adverbial 青(あお)く (aoku))

青い (canonical)
aoi (romanization)
awoi (romanization)
青く (adverbial)
青かろ (imperfective stem)
あおかろ (imperfective stem)
aokaro (imperfective)
青く (continuative stem)
あおく (continuative stem)
aoku (continuative)
青い (stem terminative)
あおい (stem terminative)
aoi (terminative)
青い (attributive stem)
あおい (attributive stem)
aoi (attributive)
青けれ (hypothetical stem)
あおけれ (hypothetical stem)
aokere (hypothetical)
青かれ (imperative stem)
あおかれ (imperative stem)
aokare (imperative)
青くない (informal negative)
あおくない (informal negative)
aoku nai (informal negative)
青かった (informal past)
あおかった (informal past)
aokatta (informal past)
青くなかった (informal negative past)
あおくなかった (informal negative past)
aoku nakatta (informal negative past)
青いです (formal)
あおいです (formal)
aoi desu (formal)
青くないです (formal negative)
あおくないです (formal negative)
aoku nai desu (formal negative)
青かったです (formal past)
あおかったです (formal past)
aokatta desu (formal past)
青くなかったです (formal negative past)
あおくなかったです (formal negative past)
aoku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
青くて (conjunctive)
あおくて (conjunctive)
aokute (conjunctive)
青ければ (conditional)
あおければ (conditional)
aokereba (conditional)
青かったら (conditional past)
あおかったら (conditional past)
aokattara (conditional past)
青かろう (volitional)
あおかろう (volitional)
aokarō (volitional)
青く (adverbial)
あおく (adverbial)
aoku (adverbial)
青さ (noun-from-adj)
あおさ (noun-from-adj)
aosa (noun-from-adj)
青く (irrealis stem)
青から (irrealis stem)
あをく (irrealis stem)
あをから (irrealis stem)
awoku (irrealis)
awokara (irrealis)
青く (continuative stem)
青かり (continuative stem)
あをく (continuative stem)
あをかり (continuative stem)
awoku (continuative)
awokari (continuative)
青し (stem terminative)
あをし (stem terminative)
awosi (terminative)
青き (attributive stem)
青かる (attributive stem)
あをき (attributive stem)
あをかる (attributive stem)
awoki (attributive)
awokaru (attributive)
青けれ (realis stem)
あをけれ (realis stem)
awokere (realis)
青かれ (imperative stem)
あをかれ (imperative stem)
awokare (imperative)
青からず (negative)
あをからず (negative)
awokarazu (negative)
青けれど (contrastive)
あをけれど (contrastive)
awokeredo (contrastive)
青ければ (causative)
あをければ (causative)
awokereba (causative)
青くば (conditional)
あをくば (conditional)
awokuba (conditional)
青かりき (past)
あをかりき (past)
awokariki (past)
青かりけり (past)
あをかりけり (past)
awokarikeri (past)
青く (adverbial)
あをく (adverbial)
awoku (adverbial)

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective あおし (awosi); from Old Japanese awo-, from Proto-Japonic *awo.
⟨awosi⟩ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → ⟨awoki₁⟩ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /aoi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)
An intervocalic sound-change, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/, caused medial voiceless plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, and gliding, before being dropped.
⟨awoki₁⟩ → */awokʲi/ → */awoɡʲi/ → */awoɣi/ → */awoji/ → */awoi/ → /aoi/

隣の芝生は青く見える

the grass is always greener on the other side


grape

en-noun

grape (countable and uncountable, plural grapes)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

mountain grape

Vitis rupestris; Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium

possum grape

Vitis vulpina; Vitis baileyana; Cissus spp.

racoon grape

Vitis labrusca et al.; Ampelopsis cordata

table grape

Vitis spp.; see varieties thereof at List of grape varieties

Grapes give us whole-fruit snacks, grape juice, raisins, wine, and more.

(countable) A small, round, smooth-skinned edible fruit, usually purple, red, or green, that grows in bunches on vines of genus Vitis.

(US, slang, colloquial, African-American Vernacular) A person's head.


grape

en-verb

grape (third-person singular simple present grapes, present participle graping, simple past and past participle graped)

grapes (present singular third-person)
graping (participle present)
graped (participle past)
graped (past)

Lang, lang I sought and graped for my pack, Till night and hunger forced me to come back.

1780, Alexander Wilson, A Pedlar's Story:

Aw graped my way out i' the dark, An' down the stairs aw scrafflel'd

1836, William Stephenson Jr, Punch and Toby:

I dinna ken,” said Steenie ; “ the book had fa'en out 0' his pocket, I fancy, for I fand it amang my feet when I was graping about to set him on his legs again, and I just pat it in my pouch to keep it safe ;

1836, Walter Scott, The antiquary, page 56:

'Till in a declamation mist, His argument he tint it; He gapéd for't, he graped for't, He fand it was awa, man;

1881, Robert Burns, The Two Lawyers, page 280:


chocolate

en-noun

chocolate (countable and uncountable, plural chocolates)

→ Assamese: চক্লেট (soklet)

→ Bengali: চকলেট (cokoleṭ)

→ Burmese: ချောကလက် (hkyau:ka.lak)

→ Cantonese: 朱古力 (zyu¹ gu²⁻¹ lik⁶⁻¹)

→ Hakka: 朱古力

→ Teochew: 朱古力

→ Cebuano: tsokoleyt

→ Chickasaw: chaklit

→ Gujarati: ચોકલેટ (cokleṭ)

→ Hawaiian: kokoleka

→ Hindustani:

desc

→ Hindi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ, cŏkaleṭ), चाकलेट (cākleṭ)

→ Urdu: چاکلیٹ (cāklēṭ)

→ Urdu: چاکلیٹ (cāklēṭ)

→ Irish: seacláid

→ Japanese: チョコレート (chokorēto), チョコ (choko)

→ Taiwanese Hokkien: chio͘-kó͘-lè-tò͘

→ Kannada: ಚಾಕೋಲೆಟ್ (cākōleṭ)

→ Korean: 초콜릿 (chokollit)

→ Malay: coklat

→? Hokkien: 芝居力

→ Malayalam: ചോക്കലേറ്റ് (cōkkalēṟṟŭ)

→ Malayalam: ചോക്കലേറ്റ് (cōkkalēṟṟŭ)

→ Manx: shocklaid

→ Marathi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ)

→ Nepali: चकलेट (cakleṭ)

→ Pashto: چاکلېټ (čākléṭ)

→ Pashto: چاکلېټ (čākléṭ)

→ Persian: چاکلیت (čâklêt) (Dari)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਕਲੇਟ (caukleṭ)

→ Shahmukhi script: چاکلیٹ (caukleṭ)

→ Scottish Gaelic: teòclaid

→ Shanghainese: 巧克力 (⁵chiau-kheq-liq; ¹chiau-kheq-liq)

→ Mandarin: 巧克力 (qiǎokèlì)

→ Hakka: 巧克力

→ Sindhi: چاڪليٽ

→ Sindhi: چاڪليٽ

→ Sinhalese: චොකලට් (cokalaṭ)

→ Swahili: chokoleti

→ Tamil: சாக்கலேட் (cākkalēṭ)

→ Tamil: சாக்கலேட் (cākkalēṭ)

→ Telugu: చాకొలెట్ (cākoleṭ)

→ Thai: ช็อกโกแลต (chɔ́k-goo-lɛ́t), ช็อกโกเลต (chɔ́k-goo-lét)

→ Welsh: siocled

Etymology tree
Classical Nahuatl chocolatlbor.
Spanish chocolatebor.
English chocolate
Via Spanish chocolate from a Nahuatl word, widely given as chocolātl (with the second element being a reflex of Classical Nahuatl ātl (“water”)), although such a word does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid-18th century according to Karttunen. Dakin and Wichmann propose chicolātl as the original form (saying it survives in several modern Nahuatl dialects) and say the chicol- element refers to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate. Another theory is that the prefix came from Yucatec Maya chocol (“hot”).

etymon

Chocolate is a very popular treat.

(chiefly uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.

巧克力

chhiàu-kher-lí / chhiàu-khér-lí / chhiàu-kho-lí


chocolate

→ Hunsrik: Schokolaat

Borrowed from Spanish chocolate, from Classical Nahuatl [Term?], possibly from chocolātl (a late attestation), though the etymology is unclear. See chocolate.

O astronauta Jim Bagian, um chocólatra inveterado, conseguiu levar para dentro da Space Shuttle, durante o seu primeiro voo, uma barra de chocolate Mars.

2009, Joan Vernikos, Thais Russomano, A gravidade, esta grande escultora: como usar a gravidade terrestre a seu favor, EDIPUCRS, →ISBN, page 131:


pyre

Learned borrowing from Latin pyra (“pyre, funeral pile”), from Ancient Greek πυρά (purá), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). Doublet of fire.

lbor

For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick flaming shot a dismal glare.—Homer Iliad, p. 31

A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which corpses are burned.


dub

sga-decl-adj-table

*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish

dub (masculine nominative singular)
dub (feminine nominative singular)
dub (neuter nominative singular)
dub (masculine singular vocative)
dub (feminine singular vocative)
dub (neuter singular vocative)
dub (accusative masculine singular)
duib (accusative feminine singular)
dub (accusative neuter singular)
duib (genitive masculine singular)
dubae (feminine genitive singular)
duib (genitive neuter singular)
dub (dative masculine singular)
duib (dative feminine singular)
dub (dative neuter singular)
dubai (masculine nominative plural)
dubai (feminine neuter nominative plural)
dubai (masculine plural vocative)
dubai (feminine neuter plural vocative)
dubai (accusative masculine plural)
dubai (accusative feminine neuter plural)
dubaib (dative feminine masculine neuter)

Irish: dubh

Scottish Gaelic: dubh

Manx: doo

From Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”).


dub

dubo (genitive)
dub (nominative singular)
dub (singular vocative)
dub (accusative singular)
dubo (genitive singular)
duba (genitive singular)
dub (dative singular)
dub
ndub

ó dub glosses atramento

in maith a n-dubso amne

Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.

New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.


coral

en-noun

coral (countable and uncountable, plural corals)

From Old French coral (French corail), from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion, “coral”). Probably ultimately of Semitic origin, compare Hebrew גּוֹרָל (goral, “small pebble”), Arabic جَرَل (jaral, “small stone”), originally referring to the red variety found in the Mediterranean. Since ancient times, a common folk etymology, accepted by some earlier scholars, connected the word instead to Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē) (referring to Medusa). Beekes mentions both theories and considers the Semitic one convincing.

der

coral:

The coral faded even from her lips, till they were as white as Leo's face, and quivered pitifully.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(countable) A somewhat yellowish orange-pink color; the color of red coral (Corallium rubrum) of the Mediterranean Sea, commonly used as an ornament or gem.


coral

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin chorālis. By surface analysis, coro + -al.

lbor

(music) choir (ensemble of people who sing together)


coral

From Late Latin corallum or Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion, “coral”), of uncertain origin.


coral

Inherited from Old Spanish coral, from Old French coral, from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion).

Kennedia coccinea
Wikispecies:Kennedia coccinea


moon

Sranan Tongo: mun

Tok Pisin: mun

Torres Strait Creole: mun

From Middle English mone, from Old English mōna (“moon”), from Proto-West Germanic *mānō, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô (“moon”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably from *meh₁- (“to measure”).
cognates and doublets
Cognate with Scots mone, mune, muin (“moon”), North Frisian muun (“moon”), Saterland Frisian Moune (“moon”), West Frisian moanne (“moon”), Dutch maan (“moon”), German Mond (“moon”), Danish måne (“moon”), Norwegian Bokmål måne (“moon”), Norwegian Nynorsk måne (“moon”), Swedish måne (“moon”), Faroese máni (“moon”), Icelandic máni (“moon”), Latin mēnsis (“month”). See also month, a related term within Indo-European.

inh

(cartomancy) The thirty-second Lenormand card.


moon

en-verb

moon (third-person singular simple present moons, present participle mooning, simple past and past participle mooned)

moons (present singular third-person)
mooning (participle present)
mooned (participle past)
mooned (past)

Sarah mooned over Sam's photograph for months.

You've been mooning after her forever; why not just ask her out?

On some level, the filmmakers behind Monster Trucks must have recognized the ill fit of Till playing a teenager, because they cast Jane Levy, a 27-year-old who can pass for younger but not a decade younger, as Meredith, a nerdy classmate of Tripp’s who moons over him as she insists on making an appointment to tutor him in biology.

2017 January 12, Jesse Hassenger, “A literal monster truck is far from the stupidest thing about Monster Trucks”, in The Onion AV Club:

"No, you're right." Udo shook this newest distraction out of her head. She knew it would come creeping back in through the ears in due time, just as she knew the best way to dispel it was to finish the job and link up with the rest of the Site. In any event, there was something in what Brenda had said that didn't make sense... "But why would he be mooning over her, if she's still awake?"

2023 September 24, HarryBlank, “Working Wonders”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-25:

(intransitive, colloquial) (usually followed by over or after) To fuss over something adoringly; to be infatuated with someone.


plata

es-adj

plata m or f (masculine and feminine plural platas)

From Vulgar Latin *platta, *plattus, borrowed from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “wide”), because silver was often made into sheets. As with plato, this word may be semi-learned or avoided certain phonetic changes due to use by mainly the upper classes. Compare Portuguese prata, Catalan plata. Displaced Old Spanish ariento from Latin argentum. Compare English plate.


lemon

en-verb

lemon (third-person singular simple present lemons, present participle lemoning, simple past and past participle lemoned)

lemons (present singular third-person)
lemoning (participle present)
lemoned (participle past)
lemoned (past)

Cream Lemon
Lemon
Lemon (color)
Lemon (geometry)

Inherited from Middle English lymon, from Old French lymon (“citrus”), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn) or Persian لیمون (limon), from Persian لیمو (limu), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū, “lime”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw or Munda. Likely doublet of lime.
The fandom sense is named after the erotic anime series Cream Lemon.

You can start the vegetables cooking while you are lemoning the fish.


charcoal

en-adj

charcoal (comparative more charcoal, superlative most charcoal)

more charcoal (comparative)
most charcoal (superlative)

/ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/

From Middle English charcole, from charren (“to change, turn”) + cole (“coal”), from Old English cierran (“to change, turn”) + col (“coal”); equivalent to char (Etymology 3 (verb)) + coal.

But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:


vert

en-noun

vert (countable and uncountable, plural verts)

From Middle English vert, borrowed from Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Doublet of virid, which was borrowed directly from Latin.

vert:

(heraldry) A green colour, now only in heraldry; represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees counter-clockwise.


vert

en-adj

vert (comparative more vert, superlative most vert)

more vert (comparative)
most vert (superlative)

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour green.


vert

Inherited from Middle French and Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish verde. The Old French -t is due to regular final devoicing. The feminine was originally also vert and was extended with -e only during Middle French times, thus keeping the
devoiced sound.


vert

fr-adj

vert (feminine verte, masculine plural verts, feminine plural vertes)

verte (feminine)
verts (masculine plural)
vertes (feminine plural)

Haitian Creole: vèt, vè

Louisiana Creole: vè, vèr, vær

→ Wolof: wert

l’herbe est toujours plus verte ailleurs

l’herbe est toujours plus verte dans le pré du voisin

capitalisme vert

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly

(figuratively) green, environmentally friendly


vert

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Compare Italian verde.


vert

English: vert

Borrowed from Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis.


vert

English: vert


vert

fro-noun

vert oblique singular, m (oblique plural verz or vertz, nominative singular verz or vertz, nominative plural vert)

vert oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
verz (oblique plural)
vertz (oblique plural)
verz (nominative singular)
vertz (nominative singular)
vert (nominative plural)

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Italian verde and Spanish verde.


vert

From Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Cf. French vert, Italian verde and Spanish verde.


copper

en-adj

copper (comparative more copper, superlative most copper)

more copper (comparative)
most copper (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English coper, from Old English coper, copor (“copper”), from Late Latin cuprum (“copper”), contraction of Latin aes Cyprium (literally “Cyprian brass”), from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”). Cognate with Dutch koper (“copper”), German Kupfer (“copper”), Icelandic kopar (“copper”).

der

All in a hot and copper sky, / The bloody Sun, at noon, / Right up above the mast did stand, / No bigger than the Moon.

1797–1798 (date written), [Samuel Taylor Coleridge], “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], published 1798, →OCLC:

She seemed so alive, with her shining eyes and her copper hair and her jokes and funny stories, but there was always a mystery at the center of her life, the sound of wild sobbing my mother said she heard coming through the floor.

1999, Maria M. Gillan, Things My Mother Told Me, page 38:

Having the reddish-brown colour/color of copper.


lampa

az-noun

lampa (definite accusative lampanı, plural lampalar)

lampanı (accusative definite)
lampalar (plural)
lampa (nominative singular)
lampalar (nominative plural)
lampanı (accusative definite singular)
lampaları (accusative definite plural)
lampaya (dative singular)
lampalara (dative plural)
lampada (locative singular)
lampalarda (locative plural)
lampadan (ablative singular)
lampalardan (ablative plural)
lampanın (definite genitive singular)
lampaların (definite genitive plural)
lampam (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
lampalarım (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
lampan (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
lampaların (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
lampası (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
lampaları (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
lampamız (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
lampalarımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
lampanız (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
lampalarınız (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
lampası (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampaları (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampaları (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
lampamı (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
lampalarımı (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
lampanı (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
lampalarını (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
lampasını (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
lampalarını (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
lampamızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
lampalarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
lampanızı (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
lampalarınızı (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
lampasını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarını (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
lampama (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
lampalarıma (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
lampana (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
lampalarına (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
lampasına (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
lampalarına (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
lampamıza (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
lampalarımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
lampanıza (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
lampalarınıza (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
lampasına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarına (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
lampamda (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
lampalarımda (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
lampanda (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
lampalarında (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
lampasında (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
lampalarında (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
lampamızda (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
lampalarımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
lampanızda (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
lampalarınızda (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
lampasında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarında (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
lampamdan (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
lampalarımdan (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
lampandan (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
lampalarından (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
lampasından (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
lampalarından (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
lampamızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
lampalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
lampanızdan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
lampalarınızdan (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
lampasından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarından (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
lampamın (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
lampalarımın (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
lampanın (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
lampalarının (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
lampasının (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
lampalarının (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
lampamızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
lampalarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
lampanızın (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
lampalarınızın (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
lampasının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
lampalarının (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Latin lampas (“torch, lamp, light”), from Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás, “torch, lamp, light”).


lampa

lampa (nominative singular)
lampy (nominative plural)
lampy (genitive singular)
lamp (genitive plural)
lampě (dative singular)
lampám (dative plural)
lampu (accusative singular)
lampy (accusative plural)
lampo (singular vocative)
lampy (plural vocative)
lampě (locative singular)
lampách (locative plural)
lampou (instrumental singular)
lampami (instrumental plural)


lampa

fo-noun

lampa f (genitive singular lampu, plural lampur)

lampu (genitive singular)
lampur (plural)
lampa (indefinite nominative singular)
lampan (definite nominative singular)
lampur (indefinite nominative plural)
lampurnar (definite nominative plural)
lampu (accusative indefinite singular)
lampuna (accusative definite singular)
lampur (accusative indefinite plural)
lampurnar (accusative definite plural)
lampu (dative indefinite singular)
lampuni (dative definite singular)
lampum (dative indefinite plural)
lampunum (dative definite plural)
lampu (genitive indefinite singular)
lampunnar (definite genitive singular)
lampa (genitive indefinite plural)
lampanna (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from Danish lampe, from Old Norse lampi, from Middle Low German lampe, from Latin lampas, from Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás, “torch”).


lampa

head

lampa m (genitive singular lampa, nominative plural lampaí)

lampa (genitive singular)
lampaí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
lampa (indefinite singular)
lampaí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a lampa (indefinite singular)
a lampaí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an lampa (definite singular)
na lampaí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an lampa (definite singular)
don lampa (definite singular)
leis na lampaí (definite plural)

/ˈl̪ˠamˠpˠə/


lampa

lampa (nominative singular)
lampas (nominative plural)
lampu (accusative singular)
lampas (accusative plural)
lampas (genitive singular)
lampu (genitive plural)
lampai (dative singular)
lampām (dative plural)
lampu (instrumental singular)
lampām (instrumental plural)
lampā (locative singular)
lampās (locative plural)
lampa (singular vocative)
lampas (plural vocative)


lampa

pl-noun

lampa f (diminutive lampka, related adjective lampowy)

lampka (diminutive)
lampowy (adjective)
lampa (nominative singular)
lampy (nominative plural)
lampy (genitive singular)
lamp (genitive plural)
lampie (dative singular)
lampom (dative plural)
lampę (accusative singular)
lampy (accusative plural)
lampą (instrumental singular)
lampami (instrumental plural)
lampie (locative singular)
lampach (locative plural)
lampo (singular vocative)
lampy (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: lempa

lamp (piece of furniture including one or more electric light sources)


lampa

nominative
lampa (singular)
lampy (plural)
genitive
lampy (singular)
lámp (plural)
dative
lampe (singular)
lampám (plural)
accusative
lampu (singular)
locative
lampách (plural)
instrumental
lampou (singular)
lampami (plural)

Borrowed from German lampe, from French lampe, from Latin lampas, from Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás, “torch”).


lampa

head

lampa (definite accusative lampany, plural lampalar)

lampany (accusative definite)
lampalar (plural)
lampa (nominative singular)
lampalar (nominative plural)
lampany (accusative singular)
lampalary (accusative plural)
lampanyň (genitive singular)
lampalaryň (genitive plural)
lampā (dative singular)
lampalara (dative plural)
lampada (locative singular)
lampalarda (locative plural)
lampadan (ablative singular)
lampalardan (ablative plural)


lampa

hsb-noun

lampa f (diminutive lampka or lampička, related adjective lampowy)

lampka (diminutive)
lampička (diminutive)
lampowy (adjective)
lampa (nominative singular)
lampje (dual nominative)
lampy (nominative plural)
lampy (genitive singular)
lampow (dual genitive)
lampow (genitive plural)
lampje (dative singular)
lampomaj (dative dual)
lampam (dative plural)
lampu (accusative singular)
lampje (accusative dual)
lampy (accusative plural)
lampu (instrumental singular)
lampomaj (dual instrumental)
lampami (instrumental plural)
lampje (locative singular)
lampomaj (dual locative)
lampach (locative plural)
lampa (singular vocative)
lampje (dual vocative)
lampy (plural vocative)

Hasń/hasni lampu, prjedy hač hiće spać!

Turn off the lamp before you go to sleep!

lamp, light (glass object, usually in the shape of a bulb or an elongated cylinder, in which artificial light is produced by combustion or electrically by the incandescence of a filament)


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(sometimes capitalized) By U.S. Census Bureau definition, of or relating to people hailing from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

(of a person or skin) Lacking coloration (tan) from ultraviolet light; not tanned.


white

en-noun

white (countable and uncountable, plural whites)

bělásek

common name for butterflies in the subfamily Pierinae

A bottle of red, a bottle of white / It all depends upon your appetite / I'll meet you any time you want / In our Italian Restaurant.

1977, “Scenes from an Italian Restaurant”, in Billy Joel (music), The Stranger:

Those were my first impressions of wine: Ladies drink chilled, soft white while they gossip in the kitchen; old men drink strong, room-temperature red to get shellacked.

2014, Maximillian Potter, Shadows in the Vineyard:

valkoinen

short form of white wine — see also white wine

(countable and uncountable) White coffee


月

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (月):
* → Japanese: 月(げつ) (getsu); 月(がつ) (gatsu); 月(がち) (gachi)
* → Okinawan: 月(ぐゎち) (gwachi)
* → Korean: 월(月) (wol)
* → Vietnamese: nguyệt (月), ngoạt (月)

→ Bouyei: nguad (“month”)

→? Thai: งวด (ngûuat, “appointed time”)

→ Zhuang: nyied (“moon; month”)

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹⁵/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹⁵/

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a crescent moon. Related to 夕 (xī) and interchangeable in the past, but both are unrelated to 多, in which it represents two pieces of meat stylized as 夕.
Unrelated to:
* 前, in which it represents a boat 舟 (歬 > 𠝣 > 𣦃 > 前);
* 朕, in which it represents a boat again (𦩎 > 𦨶 > 朕)
* 青, in which it represents cinnabar 丹 (𤯞 > 靑 > 青);
* 赢, in which it represents the elongated face of a kind of dragon, perhaps a Panlong;
* 祭 and 將, in which it represents sacrificed meat stylized as 𱼀;
* 然, in which it represents dog meat (肰).
* 肖 and 有, in which it represents just meat.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋʷ(j)a-t (“moon; star”), whence also Magar [Term?] (gya hot, “moon”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *mwatᴸ (“star; moon”) (whence Lahu məʔ-kə (“star”)), Drung gurmet (“star”) (Matisoff, 1980; LaPolla, 1987; STEDT).
Various alternative etymologies have also been proposed:
* Unger (1992) proposes cognation with Tibetan ངོ (ngo, “waxing and waning moon; half moon”) (as in མར་ངོ (mar ngo, “waning moon”) and ཡར་ངོ (yar ngo, “waxing moon”)), which Schuessler (2007) connects to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋow (“white; light colour”). However, Sagart (1999) points out that the Tibetan word may be analyzed as a derivative of Tibetan ངོ (ngo, “face”), which would mean the semantic connection between “moon” and “face” had to occur either independently in Chinese and Tibetan or in Proto-Sino-Tibetan; it also requires positing a suffix -t in Chinese.
* Pulleybank (1995a) proposes another etymology based on the glyph for 名 (míng) (reconstructed as *màŋʲ), which he analyses as a phono-semantic compound of phonetic 夕 (xī, “moon”) and semantic 口 (kǒu, “mouth”). He suggests that the phonetic component represents a lost word *màŋʲ (“moon”), and reconstructs 月 as *mŋʲ (consonantal frame of “moon”) + *-at (suffix) > *ŋʲʷat. However, there are more straightforward ways of explaining the glyph origin of 名 (míng) (see there), which would nullify the hypothesis of the lost word.
* Related to 越 (“to pass over; to cross over”) in some way.
** Mei (1979) derives 月 from 越 (OC **gjot > *gwjat): **N-gjot > *ngwjat. Also in this proposed word family is 歲 (OC **s-gjots > *skwjadh, “year”). The semantics of this word family is centred around "to pass; to elapse". While Matisoff (1980) seems supportive of this word family, STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to travel; to go through”) for 越 and 歲／岁 (suì), separate from the root for 月.
** Ferlus (2012) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *ŋ.wat and puts it in a word family formed from a Chinese root *wat, having a meaning of "circularity" or "circular boundary". This proposed word family includes 越 (OC *wat, “to cross over”), as in "to cross the enclosure of the village", and 外 (OC *ŋ.wat-s, “outside”), as in "out of the enclosure of the village".


bel

sh-adj

bȇl (Cyrillic spelling бе̑л, definite bȇlī, comparative bèljī)

bȇl (canonical)
бе̑л (Cyrillic)
bȇlī (definite)
bèljī (comparative)


jaune

Inherited from Middle French jaune, iaune, from Old French jaune, jalne, from Latin galbinus.


jaune

head

jaune m (feminine singular jauna, masculine plural jaunes, feminine plural jaunas)

jauna (feminine singular)
jaunes (masculine plural)
jaunas (feminine plural)


jaune

fro-noun

jaune oblique singular, m (oblique plural jaunes, nominative singular jaunes, nominative plural jaune)

jaune oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jaunes (oblique plural)
jaunes (nominative singular)
jaune (nominative plural)

Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:


jaune

head

jaune m (oblique and nominative feminine singular jaune)

jaune (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: jaune, iaune

French: jaune

→ Italian: giallo

→ Venetan: zalo

Fiumano: jalo

Emilian: śal

Norman: jaone (Guernsey), jâone (Cotentin), jaûne (Jersey)

Walloon: djaene

Sicilian: giarnu (from "jalne")


canary

en-noun

canary (countable and uncountable, plural canaries)

From French canarie, from Spanish canario, from the Latin Canariae insulae (“Canary Islands”) (Spanish Islas Canarias); from the largest island Insula Canaria (“Dog Island" or "Canine Island”), named for its dogs, from canārius (“canine”), from canis (“dog”).

der

Ile to my honeſt knight ſir Iohn Falſtaffe, / And drinke Canary with him.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, […] [T]he Merrie Wiues of Windsor. […] (First Quarto), London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Arthur Ihonson, […], published 1602, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

And though the annals of the period do not show us that there was less ale drawn, or less canary called for; men got dry with the heat of polemical discussion, and drunk with a text, not the fag end of a ballad, in their mouths; and people made a sort of morality of straight hair, long faces, and sad-coloured garments.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 190:

Or maybe you'd accept iv a couple o' bottles of claret or canaries?

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In Which a Liberty Is Taken with Mr. Nutter’s Name, and Mr. Dangerfield Stands at the Altar”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume II, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 234:

(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.


al

āl (canonical neuter)
āl (nominative singular)
āl (nominative plural)
āl (accusative singular)
āl (accusative plural)
āles (genitive singular)
āla (genitive plural)
āle (dative singular)
ālum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *ail, from Proto-Germanic *ailą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-lom, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, kindle”).


luz

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese luz, from Latin lūcem, from Proto-Italic *louks, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk- (“white; light; bright”). Compare Portuguese luz.


luz

Inherited from Old Spanish luz, from Latin lūcem, from Proto-Italic *louks, from Proto-Indo-European *léwks (“light”). Compare the borrowed doublet lux.

la luz extinguida


rose

en-noun

rose (countable and uncountable, plural roses)

→ Marshallese: rooj

→ Tokelauan: loha

From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa. The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likely via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var^əδa-), Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /gul/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).

A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.


rose

Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.


rose

Inherited from Middle French rose, from Old French rose, borrowed from Latin rosa (the expected form if it was inherited would be *reuse).


chamois

Borrowed from Middle French chamois, from Late Latin camox, from Gaulish camox (5th c. AD, Polemius Silvius), probably from an extinct Alpine language (Raetic, Ancient Ligurian), possibly Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“without horns”). Compare also Old High German gamiza (“chamois”) (whence modern German Gämse).


青

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青):
* → Japanese: 青(せい) (sei)
* → Korean: 청(靑) (cheong)
* → Vietnamese: thanh (青)

→ Tocharian A: tseṃ (“blue”)

→ Tocharian B: tseṃ m (“blue”), tseñña f

→ Vietnamese: xanh (“green”)

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

Second round of simplified Chinese characters

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”); a more conservative variant is 𤯞. Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.
In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (yuè, “moon”).
The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

inh

靑
寈
㞭
𡗡
𡴏
𡴑
𡷉
𤯝
𤯞

青BB


青

青 (canonical)
ao (romanization)
awo (romanization)
あを (hiragana historical)

/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨(あめ) (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲(いね) (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.


kara

head

kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)

karayı (accusative definite)
karalar (plural)
kara (nominative singular)
karalar (nominative plural)
karayı (accusative definite singular)
karaları (accusative definite plural)
karaya (dative singular)
karalara (dative plural)
karada (locative singular)
karalarda (locative plural)
karadan (ablative singular)
karalardan (ablative plural)
karanın (genitive singular)
karaların (genitive plural)
karam (first-person nominative singular)
karalarım (first-person nominative singular)
karan (nominative second-person singular)
karaların (nominative second-person singular)
karası (nominative singular third-person)
karaları (nominative singular third-person)
karamız (first-person nominative plural)
karalarımız (first-person nominative plural)
karanız (nominative plural second-person)
karalarınız (nominative plural second-person)
karaları (nominative plural third-person)
karamı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karalarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karanı (accusative definite second-person singular)
karalarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
karasını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karalarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karamızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karalarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karanızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karalarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karalarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
karama (dative first-person singular)
karalarıma (dative first-person singular)
karana (dative second-person singular)
karalarına (dative second-person singular)
karasına (dative singular third-person)
karalarına (dative singular third-person)
karamıza (dative first-person plural)
karalarımıza (dative first-person plural)
karanıza (dative plural second-person)
karalarınıza (dative plural second-person)
karalarına (dative plural third-person)
karamda (first-person locative singular)
karalarımda (first-person locative singular)
karanda (locative second-person singular)
karalarında (locative second-person singular)
karasında (locative singular third-person)
karalarında (locative singular third-person)
karamızda (first-person locative plural)
karalarımızda (first-person locative plural)
karanızda (locative plural second-person)
karalarınızda (locative plural second-person)
karalarında (locative plural third-person)
karamdan (ablative first-person singular)
karalarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
karandan (ablative second-person singular)
karalarından (ablative second-person singular)
karasından (ablative singular third-person)
karalarından (ablative singular third-person)
karamızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karanızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karalarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karalarından (ablative plural third-person)
karamın (first-person genitive singular)
karalarımın (first-person genitive singular)
karanın (genitive second-person singular)
karalarının (genitive second-person singular)
karasının (genitive singular third-person)
karalarının (genitive singular third-person)
karamızın (first-person genitive plural)
karalarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
karanızın (genitive plural second-person)
karalarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
karalarının (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”).


flaxen

From Middle English flaxen, flexon, flexin, from Old English fleaxen (“of flax; flaxen”), equivalent to flax + -en (“made of”). Compare Dutch vlassen.

flaxen:

The couple and their children have flaxen hair.

(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.


lam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藍, from Literary Chinese 藍 (lán), using the same disambiguation of 青 (“grue”) with 藍／蓝 (lán, “blue”) and 綠／绿 (lục, “green”). See also xanh (“grue”).


blonde

Alternative form of blond (person of fair hair). (Used especially of a woman. See the usage notes in the entry blond.)

blond

blonde:

Alternative form of blond (pale golden brown color).

Coordinate term: redhead

Most [camera crews] carry two blondes and three redheads or their equivalents. Blondes are 2000 watt lamps traditionally with yellow heads (or shells) used to light fairly large areas — also referred to as 2Ks — and redheads smaller 800 watt lamps traditionally with red shells to light faces.

2012, Colin Hart, Television Program Making, page 63:

(film, television, theater) A kind of 2,000-watt lamp.


blonde

en-verb

blonde (third-person singular simple present blondes, present participle blonding, simple past and past participle blonded)

blondes (present singular third-person)
blonding (participle present)
blonded (participle past)
blonded (past)

Most women who blonde their hair today have been doing it for several years.

1964, LIFE, volume 56, number 10, page 25:

(especially of a woman) Alternative form of blond


burnt

en-adj

burnt (comparative more burnt, superlative most burnt)

more burnt (comparative)
most burnt (superlative)

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

The toast was too burnt to eat.


赤

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.


honey

en-noun

honey (usually uncountable, plural honeys or (archaic) honies)

→ Japanese: ハニー (hanī)

→⇒ Jarai: ia hơni

→ Marshallese: ōne

Sranan Tongo: oni

Tok Pisin: hani

From Middle English hony, honi, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą (compare West Frisian hunich, German Honig), from earlier *hunangą (compare Swedish honung), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂onk-o-s, from *kn̥h₂ónks.
Cognate with Middle Welsh canecon (“gold”), Latin canicae pl (“bran”), Tocharian B kronkśe (“bee”), Albanian qengjë (“beehive”), Ancient Greek κνῆκος (knêkos, “safflower”), Northern Kurdish şan (“beehive”), Northern Luri گونج (gonj, “bee”), Finnish hunaja.

cog

dip me in honey and throw me to the lesbians

don't get your honey where you make your money

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

honey:

A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey.


honey

en-adj

honey (comparative honeyer or honier, superlative honeyest or honiest)

honeyer (comparative)
honier (comparative)
honeyest (superlative)
honiest (superlative)

Then I looked close at the scalp he stroked, which was of the silkiest blonde. For a moment I was sure it come from Olga’s dear head, and reckoned also he had little Gus’s fine skull-cover someplace among his filthy effects, the stinking old savage, living out his life of murder, rapine, and squalor, and I almost knifed him before I collected myself and realized the hair was honeyer than my Swedish wife’s.

1964, Thomas Berger, “My Indian Wife”, in Little Big Man, New York, N.Y.: The Dial Press, →LCCN, page 214:

Of a pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like most types of honey.


honey

en-verb

honey (third-person singular simple present honeys, present participle honeying, simple past and past participle honeyed)

honeys (present singular third-person)
honeying (participle present)
honeyed (participle past)
honeyed (past)

[O]ne / Discuss'd his tutor, rough to common men / But honeying at the whisper of a lord; / And one the Master, as a rogue in grain / Veneer'd with sanctimonious theory.

1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 6:

(intransitive) To be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.


dodo

Noun sense derives from the ideophone sense.

rẹ̀ dòdò

Ara wọn rẹ̀ dòdò bíi ẹ̀jẹ̀.

Àwọn Yorùbá kì í wọ aṣọ tó bá rẹ̀ dòdò.

1997, Sachnine Michika, “dòdò”, in Dictionnaire usuel yorùbá-français suivi d'un index français-yorùbá (overall work in French), Ibadan, Nigeria: Éditions Karthala and IFRA-Ibadan, →ISBN, page 220:

The Yoruba do not wear bright red clothes.

Ó rẹ̀ dòdò bí òòrùn alẹ́.

2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, “dòdò”, in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:

It turned deep red like the late evening sun.

Ó já sí pápá, ó rẹ̀ dòdò, ó so igba àdó mọ́rí.

It bursts into the open field, it comes out in deep red, it ties two hundred tiny gourds on its head (riddle = imí/ìgbẹ́ (feces))

Ìlẹ̀pa dòdò kì í jẹ́ kí òkú bẹ̀nìyàn wò.

2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, quoting A. Babalola, “dòdò”, in Orin Ọdẹ fún Àṣeyẹ, number LDC2008L03, 1973, Ibadan: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Ltd., page 26, quoted in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:

The deep red laterite from fresh grave does not allow the dead to come and visit his relations.

12: Ojú rẹ̀ yóò rẹ̀ dòdò ju wáìnì lọ.

2009, “Gẹnẹsisi 49”, in Bíbélì Mímọ́ Yorùbá Òde Òn [Yoruba Contemporary Bible (YCB)], Biblica, Inc:

12: His eyes will become redder than wine.

(of an object) being deeply or richly red

dòdòòdò

of an object being very deeply or richly red

rẹ̀ dòdò

to be a deep red, (of a sauce) to look appetizing


bulan

From Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)


bulan

Learned borrowing from Cebuano bulan from Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN. Proposed by Eusebio Daluz by the 20ᵗʰ century to use the Visayan word instead of Tagalog buwan (“moon; month”) to distinguish “moon” and “month” to have equivalents for Spanish luna (“moon”) and Spanish mes (“month”). Doublet of buwan.


read

rēad (canonical)
rēad (masculine nominative singular)
rēad (feminine nominative singular)
rēad (neuter nominative singular)
rēadne (accusative masculine singular)
rēade (accusative feminine singular)
rēad (accusative neuter singular)
rēades (genitive masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine genitive singular)
rēades (genitive neuter singular)
rēadum (dative masculine singular)
rēadre (dative feminine singular)
rēadum (dative neuter singular)
rēade (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine instrumental singular)
rēade (instrumental neuter singular)
rēade (masculine nominative plural)
rēada (feminine nominative plural)
rēade (feminine nominative plural)
rēad (neuter nominative plural)
rēade (accusative masculine plural)
rēada (accusative feminine plural)
rēade (accusative feminine plural)
rēad (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)
rēada (masculine nominative singular)
rēade (feminine nominative singular)
rēade (neuter nominative singular)
rēadan (accusative masculine singular)
rēadan (accusative feminine singular)
rēade (accusative neuter singular)
rēadan (genitive masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine genitive singular)
rēadan (genitive neuter singular)
rēadan (dative masculine singular)
rēadan (dative feminine singular)
rēadan (dative neuter singular)
rēadan (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine instrumental singular)
rēadan (instrumental neuter singular)
rēadan (masculine nominative plural)
rēadan (feminine nominative plural)
rēadan (neuter nominative plural)
rēadan (accusative masculine plural)
rēadan (accusative feminine plural)
rēadan (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadena (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadena (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadena (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: red, redde, reed, read, ræd
English: red
Scots: rede, reid
Yola: reed

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.
Germanic cognates: Old Frisian rād (West Frisian read), Old Saxon rōd (Low German root, rod), Dutch rood, Old High German rōt (German rot), Old Norse rauðr (Danish rød, Swedish röd, Icelandic rauður), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs).
Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Latin ruber, Old Irish rúad, Lithuanian raũdas, Russian рудо́й (rudój).


read

read (adverbial positive predicative)
reader (adverbial comparative predicative)
it readst (adverbial predicative superlative)
it readste (adverbial predicative superlative)
reade (common-gender indefinite positive singular)
readere (common-gender comparative indefinite singular)
readste (common-gender indefinite singular superlative)
read (indefinite neuter positive singular)
reader (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
readste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
reade (indefinite plural positive)
readere (comparative indefinite plural)
readste (indefinite plural superlative)
reade (definite positive)
readere (comparative definite)
readste (definite superlative)
reads (partitive positive)
readers (comparative partitive)


raspberry

→ Japanese: ラズベリー (razuberī)

From earlier raspis berry, possibly from raspise (a sweet rose-colored wine), from Anglo-Latin vinum raspeys, of uncertain origin. Possibly related to rasp (“coarse, rough”), of Germanic origin.

عُلَّيْق m (ʕullayq) (which also means blackberry)

Any of many other (but not all) species in the genus Rubus.

The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.


raspberry

en-adj

raspberry (comparative raspberrier, superlative raspberriest)

raspberrier (comparative)
raspberriest (superlative)

She wore a raspberry beret / The kind you find in a second hand store

1985, Prince (lyrics and music), “Raspberry Beret”, in Around the World in a Day, performed by Prince and the Revolution:


raspberry

en-verb

raspberry (third-person singular simple present raspberries, present participle raspberrying, simple past and past participle raspberried)

raspberries (present singular third-person)
raspberrying (participle present)
raspberried (participle past)
raspberried (past)

[…] she stuck burrs in my bed and lead me through the nettle-patch when we were raspberrying, because she knew I did n't know nettles; […]

1903, M. E. Waller, A Daughter of the Rich, Little, Brown, and Company, published 1903, page 137:

"Owen and she went raspberrying in the woods back of her farm," answered Anne. "They won't be back before supper time—if then."

1917, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 37, in Anne's House of Dreams:

[…] Mrs. Thrifty was picking pie cherries, two boys were raspberrying, and the fourth son, as I recall it, blueberrying.

1944, Cornelius Weygandt, The Heart of New Hampshire: Things Held Dear by Folks of the Old Stocks, G. P. Putnam's Sons, published 1944, page 129:

My mother told my sister Sally and me that if we were good little girls we might go raspberrying up on the mountains when the raspberries were ripe.

1976, Emily Ward, The Way Things Were: An Autobiography of Emily Ward, Newport Press (1976), page 4

In strawberry time she had seen individual bears grazing in the meadows along the bluff, and later, while raspberrying, she heard one gobbling fruit and snorting on the other side of the bush.

1988, Charles McCarry, The Bride of the Wilderness, MysteriousPress.com, published 2011, →ISBN:


raspberry

Cockney rhyming slang, from raspberry tart = fart (though "raspberry" is rarely used for a fart, merely a noise which imitates it). Compare raspberry ripple = cripple.

Of the announcement, Osborne said: "They have spent a hundred billion pounds of public money and they've got a massive raspberry from everyone as far as I can see. As a PR exercise, it's been an object lesson in how not to make a government announcement."

2021 December 1, “Network News: Integrated Rail Plan: Osborne predicts HS2 eastern leg will return”, in RAIL, number 945, page 8:

(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


miesiąc

pl-noun

miesiąc m inan (diminutive miesiączek, abbreviation mies. or m-c)

miesiączek (diminutive)
mies. (abbreviation)
m-c (abbreviation)
miesiąc (nominative singular)
miesiące (nominative plural)
miesiąca (genitive singular)
miesięcy (genitive plural)
miesiącowi (dative singular)
miesiącom (dative plural)
miesiąc (accusative singular)
miesiące (accusative plural)
miesiącem (instrumental singular)
miesiącami (instrumental plural)
miesiącu (locative singular)
miesiącach (locative plural)
miesiącu (singular vocative)
miesiące (plural vocative)


flesh

en-noun

flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

For all flesh is as grasse, and all the glory of man as the flowre of grasse: the grasse withereth, and the flowre thereof falleth away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 1:24:

For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that yee cannot doe the things that yee would.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:17:

1929 January, Bassett Morgan (Grace Jones), Bimini, first published in Weird Tales, reprinted 1949, in Avon Fantasy Reader, Issue 10,
But death had no gift for me, no power to free me from flesh.

(religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.

She opened [...] a third that was the peachy white that crayon companies used to call “flesh”.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 243:

flesh:

A yellowish pink color; the color of some Caucasian human skin.


rainbow

Sranan Tongo: alenbo

From Middle English reynbowe, raynbowe, from Old English reġnboga (“rainbow”), from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō, from Proto-Germanic *regnabugô (“rainbow”), equivalent to rain + bow (“arch”). Cognate with West Frisian reinbôge (“rainbow”), Dutch regenboog (“rainbow”), German Regenbogen (“rainbow”), Danish regnbue (“rainbow”), Swedish regnbåge (“rainbow”), Icelandic regnbogi (“rainbow”).

en:any spectrum of colors with similar appearance as rainbow in sky

Any prismatic refraction of light showing a spectrum of colours.


pula

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula. Compare Aklanon puea and Asi puya.


apparatus

en-noun

apparatus (plural apparatuses or apparatusses or apparatus or (both rare) apparatûs or apparatūs or (hypercorrect) apparati)

apparatuses (plural)
apparatusses (plural)
apparatus (plural)
apparatûs (plural rare)
apparatūs (plural rare)
apparati (hypercorrect plural rare)

/æp.əˈɹɑː.təs/

Borrowed from Latin apparātus. Doublet of apparat.

(firefighting) A vehicle used for emergency response.


blond

en-adj

blond (comparative blonder or more blond, superlative blondest or most blond)

blonder (comparative)
more blond (comparative)
blondest (superlative)
most blond (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French blond m, from Old French blond, blont, blund, (> Medieval Latin blondus), from Frankish *blund (“a mixed color between golden and light-brown”), from Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“mixed, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to become turbid, see badly, go blind”). Compare Old English blondenfeax (“grey-haired”), Old English blandan (“to mix”). More at blend.
Alternative etymology connects Frankish *blund to Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“blond”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥ndʰ-, *bʰlendʰ- (“blond, red-haired”). If so, then it would be cognate with Sanskrit ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale red, yellowish”).

cog

“She was so blond, that where it said 'sign here,' she wrote Gemini.” He had given her only the weakest of smiles.

2010, Mariah Stewart, Moon Dance, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:

Katelyn's laugh was nearly uncontrollable. “You are so blond sometimes,” she said with a long laughing sigh, but then calmed herself down.

2002, Michael Jay, The Altherian Code, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 118:

Alternative spelling of blonde (“stupid”)


blond

nl-adj

blond (comparative blonder, superlative blondst)

blonder (comparative)
blondst (superlative)
blond (adverbial positive predicative)
blonder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het blondst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het blondste (adverbial predicative superlative)
blonde (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
blondere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
blondste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
blond (indefinite neuter positive singular)
blonder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
blondste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
blonde (indefinite plural positive)
blondere (comparative indefinite plural)
blondste (indefinite plural superlative)
blonde (definite positive)
blondere (comparative definite)
blondste (definite superlative)
blonds (partitive positive)
blonders (comparative partitive)

→ Papiamentu: blònt

From Middle Dutch blont, from Old French blond, Medieval Latin blondus, from Germanic.

Hij heeft mooi blond haar.

Mijn moeder drinkt graag sterke blonde trappistenbieren.

My mother likes to drink strong blonde trappist beers.

blond, fair; of light color (usually said about light hair color, but it can also refer to beer)


blond

pl-adj

blond (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from French blond, from Middle French blond, from Old French blond, blont, blund, from Medieval Latin blondus, from Frankish *blund, from Proto-Germanic *blundaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ-.

blond kolor

blond odcień

blond modelka

blond piękność

blond czupryna

blond peruka

blond loki

blond warkocze

blond wąsy

blond włosy

farbowany/przefarbowany/ufarbowany na blond

zrobiony na blond

ciemny blond

jasny blond

platynowy blond

popielaty blond

naturalny blond

tleniony blond


blond

(colloquial) blond (which has a color intermediate between golden and light brown)


blow

en-adj

blow (comparative blower or more blow, superlative blowest or most blow)

blower (comparative)
more blow (comparative)
blowest (superlative)
most blow (superlative)

From Middle English blo, bloo, from Old English blāw (“blue”), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue, grey, black”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with Latin flavus (“yellow”). Doublet of blue.

der

(now chiefly puristic, dialectal, Northern England) Blue.


rod

head

rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)

roder (comparative)
rodest (superlative)
rod (masculine nominative weak)
rod (feminine nominative weak)
rod (neuter nominative weak)
rode (nominative plural weak)
rode (accusative masculine weak)
rod (accusative feminine weak)
rod (accusative neuter weak)
rode (accusative plural weak)
rode (dative masculine weak)
rode (dative feminine weak)
rode (dative neuter weak)
rode (dative plural weak)
roder (masculine nominative strong)
rode (feminine nominative strong)
rodes (neuter nominative strong)
rode (nominative plural strong)
rode (accusative masculine strong)
rode (accusative feminine strong)
rodes (accusative neuter strong)
rode (accusative plural strong)
rodem (dative masculine strong)
roder (dative feminine strong)
rodem (dative neuter strong)
rode (dative plural strong)

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.

inh

Die Blumme sin rod.

Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.

Sie hod en rode Naas.


rod

osx-adj

rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)

rōd (canonical)
rōdoro (comparative)
rōdost (superlative)
rōd (masculine nominative singular strong)
rōde (masculine nominative plural strong)
rōd (neuter nominative singular strong)
rōde (neuter nominative plural strong)
rōd (feminine nominative singular strong)
rōdu (feminine nominative plural strong)
rōdana (accusative masculine singular strong)
rōde (accusative masculine plural strong)
rōd (accusative neuter singular strong)
rōde (accusative neuter plural strong)
rōda (accusative feminine singular strong)
rōdu (accusative feminine plural strong)
rōdes (genitive masculine singular strong)
rōdarō (genitive masculine plural strong)
rōdes (genitive neuter singular strong)
rōdarō (genitive neuter plural strong)
rōdaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
rōdarō (feminine genitive plural strong)
rōdumu (dative masculine singular strong)
rōdum (dative masculine plural strong)
rōdumu (dative neuter singular strong)
rōdum (dative neuter plural strong)
rōdaro (dative feminine singular strong)
rōdum (dative feminine plural strong)
rōdo (masculine nominative singular weak)
rōdu (masculine nominative plural weak)
rōda (neuter nominative singular weak)
rōdu (neuter nominative plural weak)
rōda (feminine nominative singular weak)
rōdu (feminine nominative plural weak)
rōdun (accusative masculine singular weak)
rōdun (accusative masculine plural weak)
rōda (accusative neuter singular weak)
rōdun (accusative neuter plural weak)
rōdun (accusative feminine singular weak)
rōdun (accusative feminine plural weak)
rōdun (genitive masculine singular weak)
rōdonō (genitive masculine plural weak)
rōdun (genitive neuter singular weak)
rōdonō (genitive neuter plural weak)
rōdun (feminine genitive singular weak)
rōdonō (feminine genitive plural weak)
rōdun (dative masculine singular weak)
rōdum (dative masculine plural weak)
rōdun (dative neuter singular weak)
rōdum (dative neuter plural weak)
rōdun (dative feminine singular weak)
rōdum (dative feminine plural weak)
rōdoro (comparative masculine nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative masculine nominative plural)
rōdora (comparative neuter nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative neuter nominative plural)
rōdora (comparative feminine nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative feminine nominative plural)
rōdorun (accusative comparative masculine singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative masculine plural)
rōdora (accusative comparative neuter singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative neuter plural)
rōdorun (accusative comparative feminine singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative feminine plural)
rōdorun (comparative genitive masculine singular)
rōdoronō (comparative genitive masculine plural)
rōdorun (comparative genitive neuter singular)
rōdoronō (comparative genitive neuter plural)
rōdorun (comparative feminine genitive singular)
rōdoronō (comparative feminine genitive plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative masculine singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative masculine plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative neuter singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative neuter plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative feminine singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative feminine plural)
rōdost (masculine nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (masculine nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdost (neuter nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (neuter nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdost (feminine nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdostu (feminine nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdostana (accusative masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (accusative masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdost (accusative neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (accusative neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdosta (accusative feminine singular strong superlative)
rōdostu (accusative feminine plural strong superlative)
rōdostes (genitive masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (genitive masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdostes (genitive neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (genitive neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdostaro (feminine genitive singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (feminine genitive plural strong superlative)
rōdostumu (dative masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdostumu (dative neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdostaro (dative feminine singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative feminine plural strong superlative)
rōdosto (masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (masculine nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (neuter nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (feminine nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (feminine nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (accusative neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative feminine singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative feminine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (genitive masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (genitive masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (genitive neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (genitive neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (feminine genitive singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (feminine genitive plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative feminine singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative feminine plural superlative weak)

Middle Low German: rōt

German Low German:

Hamburgisch: rod

Westphalian

Sauerländisch: räod, raud, reyet, rout, rōet

Westmünsterländisch: root

Plautdietsch: root

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.


bright

en-adj

bright (comparative brighter, superlative brightest)

brighter (comparative)
brightest (superlative)

The adjective is from Middle English bright, from Old English beorht, from Proto-West Germanic *berht, from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, to gleam, whiten”).
The noun is derived from Middle English bright (“brightness, brilliance; daylight; light”), from bright (adjective): see above.
The English word is cognate with Albanian bardhë (“white”), Dutch brecht (in personal names), Icelandic bjartur (“bright”), Lithuanian brekšta (“to dawn”), Middle Irish brafad (“blink of an eye”), Norwegian bjart (“bright, clear, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify; to befit”), Northern Luri بڵێز (bełız, “blaze”) Russian бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “to dawn; to flicker faintly, glimmer; (figuratively) of a hope, thought, etc.: to begin to manifest, emerge”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), Scots bricht (“bright”), Welsh berth (“beautiful, fair, fine”) (obsolete).

cog

the candle that burns twice as bright burns half as long

Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.


bright

Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] when thou ſhad'ſt / The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud / Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine, / Dark with exceſſive bright thy ſkirts appeer, / Yet dazle Heav'n, […]

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 372 and 377–381:


burn

en-verb

burn (third-person singular simple present burns, present participle burning, simple past and past participle burned or (mostly Commonwealth) burnt or (obsolete) brent)

burns (present singular third-person)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burned (past)
burnt (Commonwealth participle past)
burnt (Commonwealth past)
brent (obsolete participle past)
brent (obsolete past)
burn (infinitive)

Sranan Tongo: bron

Aukan: boon

From Middle English bernen, birnen, from Old English birnan (“to burn”), metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.

verbranden

chemistry: to cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent

He burned his manuscript in the fireplace.

On July 1, 1402,⁹⁵ when the Prince of Yen reached P’u-k’ou (in Kiangsu), Sheng Yung and his imperial troops attacked him and attempted to burn his boats.⁹⁶

1976, David B. Chan, “The Fall of Nanking”, in The Usurpation of the Prince of Yen, 1398-1402 (Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, Inc. Occasional Series), number 7, San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, Inc., →OCLC, page 83:

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(transitive) To cause to be consumed by fire.

He watched the house burn.

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(intransitive) To be consumed by fire, or in flames.


rood

Afrikaans: rooi

Jersey Dutch: rôi

Negerhollands: rooi, ro, roo, rood

Skepi Creole Dutch: aro

From Middle Dutch rôot, from Old Dutch rōt, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.


rood

head

rood (masculine roden, feminine, plural or definite rode, comparative roder, superlative roodst)

roden (masculine)
rode (definite plural)
roder (comparative)
roodst (superlative)

From Old Frisian rād, from Proto-West Germanic *raud. Cognates include West Frisian read and German Rot.


era

rw-verb

-êra (infinitive kwêra, perfective -êze)

-êra (canonical)
kwêra (infinitive)
-êze (perfective)


ermine

en-noun

ermine (countable and uncountable, plural ermines or ermine)

From Middle English ermine, ermin, ermyn, from Old French ermin, ermine, hermine.
There are two main theories for the origin of Old French ermine. Germanic origin is suggested via Old Dutch *harmino (“stoat skin”), from *harmo (“stoat, weasel”) (compare Dutch hermelijn and dialectal herm), from Proto-Germanic *harmǭ, *harmô (compare Old English hearma, Old High German harmo (harmin (adjective), obsolete German Harm), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormō (compare Romansch carmun, obsolete Lithuanian šarmuõ). Romance sources identify the animal with the corresponding word for Armenian, possibly from Medieval Latin mūs Armenius (“Armenian mouse”) or a posterior compound.

der

(heraldry) The fur of this animal, used as a heraldic tincture: a white field with a repeating pattern of stylized black spots.

hermelín

(heraldry) a white field with black spots


ermine

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour ermine (white with black spots).

hermelínový

of white colour with black spots on a coat of arms


klin

klin (nominative singular)
kliny (nominative plural)
klina (genitive singular)
klinów (genitive plural)
klinowi (dative singular)
klinom (dative plural)
klin (accusative singular)
kliny (accusative plural)
klinem (instrumental singular)
klinami (instrumental plural)
klinie (locative singular)
klinach (locative plural)
klinie (singular vocative)
kliny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish klin, from Proto-Slavic *klinъ.

(colloquial) a shot of alcohol drunk to overcome a hangover, hair of the dog


nit

Inherited from Old Catalan nuyt, from Latin noctem (compare Occitan nuèit, French nuit, Spanish noche), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (compare English night).

durant la nit


laser

A gum resin obtained from certain umbelliferous plants.


laser

pl-noun

laser m inan (related adjective laserowy)

laserowy (adjective)
laser (nominative singular)
lasery (nominative plural)
lasera (genitive singular)
laserów (genitive plural)
laserowi (dative singular)
laserom (dative plural)
laser (accusative singular)
lasery (accusative plural)
laserem (instrumental singular)
laserami (instrumental plural)
laserze (locative singular)
laserach (locative plural)
laserze (singular vocative)
lasery (plural vocative)

laser (device that produces a monochromatic, coherent beam of light)


beaver

en-noun

beaver (countable and uncountable, plural beavers)

The beards were false ones. I could see the elastic going over their ears. In other words, I had fallen among a band of criminals who were not wilful beavers, but had merely assumed the fungus for purposes of disguise.

(countable) A beard or a bearded person.

Referring to a beard.
A beard or a bearded person.


brass

brass (usually uncountable, plural brasses)

From Middle English bras, bres, from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps representing a backformation from Proto-Germanic *brasnaz (“brazen”), from or related to *brasō (“fire, pyre”). Compare Old Norse and Icelandic bras (“solder”), Icelandic brasa (“to harden in the fire”), Swedish brasa (“a small controlled fire”), Danish brase (“to fry”); French braser ("to solder"; > English braise) from the same Germanic root. Compare also Middle Dutch braspenninc ("a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch braspenning), Old Frisian bress (“copper”), Middle Low German bras (“metal, ore”).
In the military sense an ellipsis of the brass hats.

unc

uncertain

gloss

"to solder"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">braise</i>

"a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">braspenning</i>

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments

духов

related to brass instruments (attributive use)


brass

By ellipsis from brass nail, in turn from "nail[ing]" (fig.) and "brass blonde" (see "brazen"); and also shortened from Cockney Rhyming slang brass flute for "prostitute".


camel

→ Coeur d'Alene: keemel

→ Eastern Arrernte: kamule

→ Tsonga: kamela

From Middle English camel, through Old English camel and Old Northern French camel (Old French chamel, modern French chameau), from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic source, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal), Hebrew גמל (gamál), Aramaic ܓܡܠܐ (gamlā), Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul). As a marine device, from Dutch. As an ethnic slur, short for camelfucker, camel jockey, etc.

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

Returne our Mules and emptie Camels backe,
That we may trauell into Siria, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

As sometimes happens in countries of small civilisation, a leader arose from among the Arabs. None knew from where he sprang, and it was said that he had been a camel driver.

1907, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter IV, in The Explorer:

oont

India (Anglo-Indian), Australia, colloquial

A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camel:

A light brownish color, like that of a camel (also called camel brown).

(ethnic slur) A person of Middle Eastern origin.


camel

→ Spanish: cámel

[…] try to select accessories that are in the same color family as your coat," says millinery designer Patricia Underwood. To pick up the weave of a brown tweed jacket, for instance, choose a camel hat and black gloves.

Of a light brown color like that of a camel.


flame

en-noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Displaced native Old English līeġ.

der

[M]arked by myriad clouds of every sunset-colour - flame, purple, pink, green, violet, and all the tints of gold.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 73:

A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour.
flame:

The cello has a two-piece back with a beautiful narrow flame.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.


flame

Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.


flame

en-verb

flame (third-person singular simple present flames, present participle flaming, simple past and past participle flamed)

flames (present singular third-person)
flaming (participle present)
flamed (participle past)
flamed (past)

From Middle English flawmen, from Old French flamber, flammer.

The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame again.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.


artichoke

→ Bengali: হাতিচোক (haticōk)

→ Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok)

Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)

→ Indonesian: articok

→ Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)

desc

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي

→ Thai: อาติโช๊ค (aa-tí-chóok)

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

From Lombard articioch (cf. articiocco), from Occitan artichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf), definite form of خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

der

Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)

Cynara cardunculus

the currently accepted taxonomic name, which also includes cardoons

A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

أَرْضِي شَوْكِي

ʔarḍī šawkī, ʔarḍī šōkī

artichoke:

A dull green colour, like that of an artichoke.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event

If you fire the pottery at too high a temperature, it may crack.

They fire the wood to make it easier to put a point on the end.

So this was my future home, I thought! Certainly it made a brave picture. I had seen similar ones fired-in on many a Heidelberg stein. Backed by towering hills,[…]a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.

1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

(transitive) To heat as with fire, but without setting on fire, as ceramic, metal objects, etc.

(intransitive, dated) To catch fire; to be kindled.


sand

en-noun

sand (usually uncountable, plural sands)

From Middle English sand, from Old English sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos, from *sem- (“to pour”).
See also West Frisian sân, Dutch zand, German Sand, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sand, Latin sabulum, Ancient Greek ἄμαθος (ámathos), English dialectal samel (“sand bottom”), Old Irish do·essim (“to pour out”), Latin sentina (“bilge water”), Lithuanian sémti (“to scoop”), Ancient Greek ἀμάω (amáō, “to gather”), ἄμη (ámē, “water bucket”).

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

sand:

A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


sand

Of a light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


light

light (countable and uncountable, plural lights)

→ Gulf Arabic: ليت (lēt)

→ Farefare: laatɩ

Sranan Tongo: leti

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light
English light
From Middle English light, liht, leoht, from Old English lēoht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą, from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“light”).
cognates
*Scots licht (“light”)
*West Frisian ljocht (“light”)
*Dutch licht (“light”)
*Low German licht (“light”)
*German Licht (“light”)
*Swedish ljus (“light”)
*Icelandic ljós (“light”)
*Latin lūx (“light”)
*Russian луч (luč, “beam of light”)
*Armenian լույս (luys, “light”)
*Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”)
*Persian رُخش (roxš).

visible light

electromagnetic wave perceived by the eye

To get to our house, turn right at the third light.

A traffic light, or (by extension) an intersection controlled by traffic lights.

اشارة

traffic light, or an intersection controlled by one

Hey, buddy, you got a light?

A flame or something used to create fire.


light

English: light

Geordie English: leet

Scots: licht

Yola: lhygt

From Old English lēoht (“light, daylight; power of vision; luminary; world”), from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą (“light”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“light”).
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light

etymon

The radiation which allows for vision by brightening objects and colours.

Illumination in general, or any source thereof.

(architecture) an opening in a wall allowing for the transmission of light; a window.


low

From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).
Cognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.

cog

She was, as one of them expressed himself, in a light low (bright flame) when they observed a king's ship, with her colours up, heave in sight from behind the cape. The guns of the burning vessel discharged themselves […]

1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, page 85:

A boy fell aff his chair a' in a low, for the discharge had set him on fire […]

1843, John Wilson, The Noctes Ambrosianœ of "Blackwood"., page 478:

[…] and he was sure to light of a verse blazing wi' a blue brimstone low that set all straight.

1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], Shirley. A Tale. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 76:

(countable, UK, Scotland, dialect) A flame; fire; blaze.


low

en-verb

low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)

lows (present singular third-person)
lowing (participle present)
lowed (participle past)
lowed (past)

Driest wood will eithest low,

1724 (edition of 1788), Allan Ramsay, The Tea-Table Miscellany, page 23

They scarcely left to co'er their fuds,
 To quench their lowan drouth.

[…] in every crevice; and each individual brick shone and “lowed” with the intense heat. “As I am a Christian man,” thought he, “this is verily the mouth of the pit; and I am lost — lost for ever, for —”

1870, Edward Peacock, Ralf Skirlaugh, the Lincolnshire Squire: A Novel, page 197:

Sand, striking a light with his flint and steel, and transferring the flame when it lowed up to the bowl of his tiny elf's pipe, so small that it just let in the top of his little finger as he settled the tobacco in it as it began to burn.

1894, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Raiders, page 82:

The next I saw, James parried a thrust so nearly that I thought him killed; and it lowed up in my mind that this was the girl's father, and in a manner almost my own, and I drew and ran in to sever them.

1895, Robert Louis Stevenson, Works, page 382:

(UK, Scotland, dialect) To burn; to blaze.


ash

en-noun

ash (countable and uncountable, plural ashes)

From Middle English asshe, from Old English æsċ, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz (compare West Frisian esk, Dutch es, German Esche, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish ask), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian я́сень (jásenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi)).

Alternative forms: æsc, æsh

The traditional name for the ae ligature (æ), as used in Old English.


far

faruri (plural)
far (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
farul (accusative definite nominative singular)
faruri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
farurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
far (indefinite singular)
farului (definite singular)
faruri (indefinite plural)
farurilor (definite plural)
farule (singular vocative)
farurilor (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin Pharus, French phare.


far

head

far (definite accusative farı, plural farlar)

farı (accusative definite)
farlar (plural)


far

fars (nominative plural)
far (nominative singular)
fars (nominative plural)
fara (genitive singular)
faras (genitive plural)
fare (dative singular)
fares (dative plural)
fari (accusative singular)
faris (accusative plural)
o far! (singular vocative)
o fars! (plural vocative)
faru (predicative singular)
farus (plural predicative)


du

du (unmutated)
dhu (soft)
tu
tu (mixed)
tu (after-th mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.


san

God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.

1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:


flash

en-noun

flash (countable and uncountable, plural flashes)

→ Catalan: flaix

→ Polish: flesz

In some senses, from Middle English flasshen, a variant of flasken, flaskien (“to sprinkle, splash”), which was likely of imitative origin; in other senses probably of North Germanic origin akin to Swedish dialectal flasa (“to burn brightly, blaze”), related to flare. Compare also Icelandic flasa (“to rush, go hastily”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

A sudden, short, temporary burst of light.

I reached a flash out of my car pocket and went down-grade and looked at the car.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, OCLC 747046957; republished London: Penguin Books, 2011, ISBN 978-0-241-95628-1, page 34

(colloquial, US) A flashlight; an electric torch.

(photography) Clipping of camera flash (“a device used to produce a flash of artificial light to help illuminate a scene”).


mandarin

→ Irish: mandairín

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人／满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

com

LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.

Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.

1966 April 22, “The Beauty of His Malice”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-11-06:

When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]

2021 June 23, Peter S. Canellos, “Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump”, in Politico:

When institutional mandarins such as this eminent pair set out to undermine the traditional basis for remunerating the products of the mind, you might expect a lowly scribe (such as your reviewer) to take umbrage.

2024 January 13, Boyd Tonkin, “The culture of copyright creep”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:

(sometimes derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.

(informal, British) A senior civil servant.


mandarin

From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
A small, sweet citrus fruit.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.

mandarin:


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

(architecture) A kind of spire or lantern formed by converging flying buttresses.

There is no difficulty getting married in Jamaica, is there? No, it only costs half a crown.

1866, Jamaica. Report of the Royal Jamaica Commission, 1866. Part II: Minutes of Evidence and Appendix, H.M.Stationery Office, page 558:

Maggie Murphy had some knickers that she bought in Bagenalstown, an interlock of knickers that she got for a half a crown.

2009, “Maggie Murphy's Knickers” (track 8), in Stay Wut Her Johnny, performed by Richie Kavanagh:

en:any of several Commonwealth coins worth five shillings

(historical, by extension) A coin or note worth five shillings in various countries that are or were in the British Commonwealth, such as Ireland or Jamaica.


snow

en-noun

snow (countable and uncountable, plural snows)

From Middle English snow, snaw, from Old English snāw (“snow”), from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz (“snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”), from the root *sneygʷʰ-.
Cognate with Scots snaw (“snow”), West Frisian snie (“snow”), Dutch sneeuw (“snow”), German Schnee (“snow”), Danish sne (“snow”), Norwegian snø (“snow”), Swedish snö (“snow”), Icelandic snjór (“snow”), Latin nix (“snow”), Russian снег (sneg), Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha), dialectal Albanian nehë (“place where the snow melts”), Sanskrit स्नेह (snéha, “oil, grease”).
The extended senses all trace back to the appearance of the weather phenomenon.

cog

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

snow:

(uncountable) A shade of the color white.

Lower down, in the 95 percent of the ocean where light does not penetrate, many living things feed on 'marine snow', the steady drizzle of particles of dead matter, whitish in colour, gradually sinking from the euphotic zone above. Other animals then feed on the 'snow' eaters.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, page 286:

better be wearing your snows next week

74 VW dyke mobile, 75K miles. Immac in/out & great to drive. No rust! Includes roofrack, snows, manual.

1984 April 7, “Classified advertisement”, in Gay Community News, page 15:

(informal, in the plural) Clipping of snow tires.


snow

English: snow

Scots: snaw

Yola: sneow, sneew, snowe, snow

From Old English snāw, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.