酉

rooster (tenth sign of the Chinese zodiac)


酉

From 鶏 (niwatori, tori, “chicken”), from 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”).

the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches


酉

酉 (canonical)
Yū (romanization)
Iu (romanization)
いう (hiragana historical)


CE

e.v.

Era Vulgaris; pseudo-Latin used by Thelemites

1066 CE.

Elasar ben Kalir's birthplace is unknown, and the dates given for his birth range from 800 to 1000 C.E.

1901, Nina Davis, Songs of Exile, by Hebrew Poets, page 12:

Initialism of Common Era, Current Era or Christian Era. Equivalent of AD. Like other era initialisms, often written in small caps.


BCE

Socrates was tried and executed in the year 399 BCE.

We now know that circa 1600 BCE, the angara were created and seeded across Heleus by the Jardaan. Records of this process are less substantial than ancient angaran history, but it was apparently in service of a grand experiment.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Angara: History Codex entry:

The earliest reliable accounts of Chinese eclipses come from Spring and Autumn Annals (Ch’un-ch’iu), recording eclipses from 772 to 481 BCE, including a total solar eclipse in 709 BCE.

2017, Mark Littmann, Fred Espenak, “Ancient Efforts to Understand”, in Totality: The Great American Eclipses of 2017 and 2024, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 38:

(chronology) Initialism of Before Common Era (Before the Common Era, before Common Era, before the Common Era), Before Current Era (Before the Current Era, before current era, before the current era), or before Christian Era.

пр.н.е.

преди новата ера=pred novata era

v. d. Z. (vor der Zeitrechnung/vor der Zeitenwende)

б. з. д.

біздің заманымызға дейін

п.н.е.

пред нашата ера=pred nášata éra


AD

en-noun

AD (countable and uncountable, plural ADs)


AD

First part short for anno from Latin annō, ablative of annus (“year; time”), from Proto-Italic *atnos (“year”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-no-, from *h₂et- (“to go”).
Last part short for Domini from Latin Dominī, genitive singular of Dominus (“The Lord”), of dominus (“lord, master of a house”), from Proto-Italic *domanos, from Proto-Indo-European *domh₂nos (“subduing”), from *demh₂- (“to domesticate, tame”).

[AD] kan også bety noe annet enn Angel Devious, det kan bety Anno Domini

[AD] can also mean something other than Angel Devious, it can mean Anno Domini

anno Domini
anno Domini#Norwegian_Bokmål

Initialism of anno Domini (“Anno Domini”).


BC

A.D.

anno Domini, Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord

Calque of Latin ante Christum, popularized with the 1627 publication of De doctrina temporum by French theologian Denis Pétau.

The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to AD 220.

[...]Hi vang, King of Yen and of Corea, was defeated, taken and killed in the Year 259 before the Birth of Chriſt, according to the Chineſe Hiſtory, and Tſin vang was acknowledged for Emperor of all China by the Name of Tſin chi hoang ti.

[1739 [1735], P. Du Halde, “Geographical Obſervations on the Kingdom of Corea”, in The General History Of China, 2nd edition, volume IV, →OCLC, page 388:

eKr. (ennen Kristusta / ennen Kristuksen syntymää)

ई.पू.

ईसा पूर्व (īsā pūrv)

[older] a. Chr. n. / a. C. (ante Christum natum)

kaɓla wakati rilio nuwo (kabla wakati rilio nuwo)

[obsolete] p.n.Chr. (przed narodzeniem Chrystusa)

до Р. Хр.

до Рождества́ Христо́ва

క్రీ.పూ.

క్రీస్తు పూర్వము (krīstu pūrvamu)

до Р. Хр.

до Різдва́ Христо́вого


leap

From Middle English lepen, from Old English hlēapan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną. Doublet of lope, lowp, elope, gallop, galop, interlope, and loop.
Cognate with West Frisian ljeppe (“to jump”), Dutch lopen (“to run; to walk”), German laufen (“to run; to walk”), Danish løbe (“to run”), Norwegian Bokmål løpe (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *klewb- (“to spring, stumble”) (compare Lithuanian šlùbti ‘to become lame’, klùbti ‘to stumble’).


summer

en-noun

summer (countable and uncountable, plural summers)

Great Summer Army
Red Summer
Revolution Summer
Summer Archbishop's Palace
Summer Coast
Summer Garden
Summer Isles
Summer Palace (disambiguation)
Summer Paralympics
Summer of Three Popes
Summercon
Summerfest
Year Without a Summer
summer

From Middle English somer, sumer, from Old English sumor (“summer”), from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz (“summer”), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó-, oblique of *semh₂- (“summer, year”).
Cognate with Scots somer, sumer, simer (“summer”), West Frisian simmer (“summer”), Saterland Frisian Suumer (“summer”), Dutch zomer (“summer”), Low German Sommer (“summer”), German Sommer (“summer”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål sommer (“summer”), Swedish sommar (“summer”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic sumar (“summer”), Welsh haf (“summer”), Armenian ամ (am, “year”), ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Sanskrit समा (sámā, “a half-year, season, weather, year”),
Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-, “summer”), Middle Persian ḥʾmyn (hāmīn, “summer”), Northern Kurdish havîn (“summer”), Central Kurdish ھاوین (hawîn, “summer”).

cog

O! craving heart, for the lost flowers
And sunshine of my summer hours!

1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:

(figuratively) Most flourishing, happy, or beautiful period; golden age, prime.


weekday

Inherited from Middle English weke-day, from Old English wicdæġ. By surface analysis, compound of week + day. Compare West Frisian wikedei (“weekday”), Dutch weekdag (“weekday”), German Wochentag (“weekday”), Danish ugedag (“weekday”), Swedish veckodag (“weekday”), Norwegian ukedag (“weekday”).

surf

The Nottingham to Skegness route and Robin Hood line from Nottingham to Mansfield and Worksop will continue with their current weekday patterns; linked to the latter is EMR's commitment to carry out a feasibility study into operating Robin Hood trains to Ollerton.

2019 October, Tony Miles, Philip Sherratt, “EMR kicks off new era”, in Modern Railways, page 58:

Any individual day of the week, except those which form the weekend or the single weekly day off; that is:

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, but not Saturday or Sunday.

(Islam) Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, but not Friday.

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, or Saturday, but not Sunday. (e.g. in Vietnam)

(Judaism) Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, but not Saturday.

(now rare) Any day of the week (Monday through Sunday).

business day

day on which work is done in legal and official usage


leap year

PIE word
 *yóh₁r̥
From Late Middle English lepe-yer, lep-yer (“year with 366 days, leap year”), from lep, lepe (“act of jumping, jump, leap”) (from Old English hlīep, hlȳp, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *klewp- (“to spring; to stumble”)) + yer (“calendrical unit based on a complete revolution of the Earth around the Sun, year”) (from Old English ġēar, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year”)). The English term is analysable as leap (noun) + year, and possibly relates to the phenomenon that any fixed date of a 365-day calendar advances one weekday each year but every date of a 366-day year after February 29 (often seen as the leap day) advances by two weekdays instead. For example, Christmas (December 25) fell on a Saturday in 2004, a Sunday in 2005, a Monday in 2006, and a Tuesday in 2007 but then “leapt” over Wednesday to fall on a Thursday in 2008 which was a leap year.
Compare also Old English mōnan hlȳp (“moon’s leap”) and Medieval Latin saltus lūnae (literally “leap moon”), an additional day added every 19 years (a Metonic cycle) to bring the lunar and solar calendars into alignment.
cognates
* Old Norse hlaup-ár (“leap year”)

noncog

The additional day which occurred every fourth year [after the Julian Reform] was given to February, as being the shortest month, and was inserted in the calendar between the twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth day. February having then twenty-nine days, the twenty-fifth was the sixth of the calends of March, sexto calendas; the preceding, which was the additional or intercalary day, was called bis-sexto calendas, hence the term bissextile, which is still employed to distinguish the year of 366 days. The English denomination of Leap-Year would have been more appropriate if that year had differed from common years in defect, and contained only 364 days. In the ecclesiastical calendar the intercalary day is still placed between the 24th and 25th of February; in the civil calendar it is the 29th.

1842, “CALENDAR”, in The Encyclopædia Britannica or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. […], 7th edition, volume VI, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 5, column 2:

A year in the Julian or Gregorian calendar with an intercalary day added to February (in the Gregorian calendar, February 29), used to adjust for the extra hours of the solar year; a 366-day year.

skrikkeljaar

year in the Julian or Gregorian calendars with an intercalary day added to February


date

→ German: Date

→ Hebrew: דייט (deyt)

→ Hindi: डेट (ḍeṭ)

→ Japanese: デート (dēto)

desc

→ Kashubian: dejta (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 데이트 (deiteu)

From Middle English date, from Old French date, from Late Latin data, from Latin datus (“given”), past participle of dare (“to give”); from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”). Doublet of data.

لِقَاء الْحُبّ

meeting with a lover or potential lover; a person so met

the date of a letter, of a will, of a deed, of a coin, etc.

US date : 05/24/08 = Tuesday, May 24th, 2008. UK date : 24/05/08 = Tuesday 24th May 2008.

And bonds without a date, they say, are void.

1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

The addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which specifies the time (especially the day, month, and year) when the writing or inscription was given, executed, or made.

datë

that which specifies the time of writing, inscription etc.

the date for pleading

The start date for the festival is September 2.

He at once, Down the long series of eventful time, So fix'd the dates of being, so disposed To every living soul of every kind The field of motion, and the hour of rest.

1844, Mark Akenside, The Pleasures of the Imagination, Book II:

Do you know the date of the wedding?

We had to change the dates of the festival because of the flooding.

A specific day in time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time.

datë

point of time at which a transaction or event takes place

You may need that at a later date.


date

en-verb

date (third-person singular simple present dates, present participle dating, simple past and past participle dated)

dates (present singular third-person)
dating (participle present)
dated (participle past)
dated (past)

to date a letter, a bond, a deed, or a charter

You will be surprised, I don't question, to find among your correspondencies in foreign parts, a letter dated from Blois.

1699, Joseph Addison, Letter to Rt. Hon. Charles Montagu, Esq., Blois, France; republished in Lucy Aikin, chapter 3, in The Life of Joseph Addison, volume 1, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1843, page 79:

I keep to the very words of the letter; but that, by "this State," is meant the State of Pennsylvania, cannot be doubted, especially when we see that the letter is dated at Philadelphia.

1796 January 1, William Cobbett, A New Year's Gift to the Democrats, footnote; republished in Porcupine's Works, volume 2, London: For Cobbett and Morgan, 1801, page 430:

In these countries much of his Journal seems to have been written; parts of it are dated from them; and there, a few weeks before his fifty-ninth birthday, he fell sick and died.

1865, Matthew Arnold, “Marcus Aurelius”, in Essays in Criticism, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, page 281:

(transitive) To note the time or place of writing or executing; to express in an instrument the time of its execution.

أَرَّخَ

to note the time of writing or executing

The writer dates the festival on June 21st, which is probably a mistake.

1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 10, page 202:

(transitive) To note or fix the time of (an event); to give the date of.

أَرَّخَ

to note or fix the time of, as of an event


weekend

→ Arabic: ويكند

→ Armenian: վիքենդ (vikʻend)

→ Czech: víkend

→ Danish: weekend

→ French: weekend

→ German: Wochenende (calque)

→ Hungarian: víkend

→ Italian: weekend

→ Macedonian: викенд (vikend)

→ Dutch: weekend

→ Polish: weekend

→ Romanian: weekend

→ Russian: уик-энд (uik-end)

→ Serbo-Croatian: vìkend

→ Slovak: víkend

→ Swedish: weekend

From week + end. Originally a Northern England regionalism (see 1903 quotation), in more general use from late 19th century. Compare Saterland Frisian Wiekeneende (“weekend”), West Frisian wykein (“weekend”), Dutch weekeinde (“weekend”), German Low German Wekenenn (“weekend”), German Wochenende (“weekend”).

cog

“They can live upon barley-meal without a morsel of meat from week-end to week-end, can these miserable Sawnies,” quoth another.

1874 July–December, W. Senior, “With the Herring Fleet”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, page 704:

[…] often took a few boys down there for what we North Country folk call the week-end — Saturday and Sunday; it was also used as a sanatorium if required.

1903, Francis Markham with Sir Clements Robert Markham, Recollections of a town boy at Westminster, 1849–1855, page 34:

I love a phrase of Dizzy's in one of his later letters to Lady Bradford, whom he reproaches for her addiction to what we now call week-end visits to country houses: “the monotony of organized platitude.”

1921 June 21, The Earl of Oxford and Asquith, K.G., chapter XX, in Memories and Reflections 1852–1927, volume 2, Cassell and Company, published 1928, →OCLC, page 197:

The break in the working week, usually two days including the traditional holy or sabbath day. Thus in western countries, Saturday and Sunday.

ܫܘܼܠܵܡܵܐ ܕܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ

šulāmā d-šāḇoʿā


weekend

head

weekend c (singular definite weekenden, plural indefinite weekender)

weekenden (definite singular)
weekender (indefinite plural)
weekend (indefinite nominative singular)
weekenden (definite nominative singular)
weekender (indefinite nominative plural)
weekenderne (definite nominative plural)
weekends (genitive indefinite singular)
weekendens (definite genitive singular)
weekenders (genitive indefinite plural)
weekendernes (definite genitive plural)

[ˈʋiːˌɡ̊ɛnˀd̥]

[ˈwiːˌɡ̊ɛnd̥]


weekend

pl-noun

weekend m inan (related adjective weekendowy)

weekendowy (adjective)
weekend (nominative singular)
weekendy (nominative plural)
weekendu (genitive singular)
weekendów (genitive plural)
weekendowi (dative singular)
weekendom (dative plural)
weekend (accusative singular)
weekendy (accusative plural)
weekendem (instrumental singular)
weekendami (instrumental plural)
weekendzie (locative singular)
weekendach (locative plural)
weekendzie (singular vocative)
weekendy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English weekend.


spring

en-noun

spring (countable and uncountable, plural springs)

Arlington Springs Man
Beijing Spring
Berber Spring
ColdSpring
Croatian Spring
Damascus Spring
Operation Spring Awakening
Operation Spring Cleanup
Operation Spring of Youth
Prague Spring
Spring Palace
Spring of Nations
Springbal
Springfest
The Spring Offensive
spring

From Middle English spryng (“a wellspring, tide, branch, sunrise, kind of dance or blow, ulcer, snare, flock”); partly from Old English spring (“wellspring, ulcer”), from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“a wellspring, fount”); and partly from Old English spryng (“a jump”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“a jump”). Further senses derived from the verb and from clippings of day-spring, springtime, spring tide, etc. Its sense as the season, first attested in a work predating 1325, gradually replaced Middle English lente, lentin, from Old English lencten (“spring, Lent”) as that word became more specifically liturgical. Compare fall.

ааԥын

season between winter and summer in temperate climates

...and it came to passe about the spring of the day, that Samuel called Saul to the top of the house...

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 9:26:

O how this spring of love resembleth
The uncertain glory of an April day.

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

(uncountable, figurative) The time of something's growth; the early stages of some process.

Arab Spring

Prague Spring

(figurative, politics) a period of political liberalization and democratization


equinox

en-noun

equinox (plural equinoxes or (rare) equinoctes)

equinoxes (plural)
equinoctes (plural rare)

PIE word
 *nókʷts
From Middle English equinox, equinoxe, equynox (“one of the two periods in the year when the day and night are of equal length, equinox; either the zodiac sign Aries or Libra, in which the sun crosses the celestial equator”), from Old French equinoce, equinoxe (modern French équinoxe), or from its etymon Medieval Latin ēquinoxium, ēquinoctium, from Latin aequinoctium (“equinox”), from aequus (“equal”) + nox (“night”) (ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The Latin word, ultimately adopted in Middle English and modern English, displaced Old English efnniht (modern English evennight).
The rare alternative plural form equinoctes treats equinox as if it were a Latin word; the plural of Latin nox (“night”) is noctēs.

[D]oe but ſee his vice, / Tis to his vertue, a iuſt equinox, / The one as long as th'other: […]

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 32:

(also figuratively) The circumstance of a twenty-four hour time period having the day and night of equal length.


秋

Early Middle Japanese
Early Modern Japanese
Late Middle Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

⟨aki₁⟩ → */akʲi/ → /aki/
From Old Japanese.
Likely cognate with 明き (aki, “bright”), 赤 (aka, “red”), 飽きる (akiru, “to become full up”, possibly in reference to the harvest), 空く (aku, “to become empty”), 開く (aku, “to open up”). However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.


秋

Cognate with Japanese 秋 (aki, “autumn”).


god

gȏd (canonical masculine)
го̑д (Cyrillic)
gȏd (nominative singular)
gȍdovi (nominative plural)
goda (genitive singular)
godova (genitive plural)
godu (dative singular)
godovima (dative plural)
god (accusative singular)
godove (accusative plural)
gode (singular vocative)
godovi (plural vocative)
godu (locative singular)
godovima (locative plural)
godom (instrumental singular)
godovima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *godъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-. Cognate with Slovene god, Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ), Russian год (god).


god

gọ̑d (canonical inanimate masculine)
gọ̑d (nominative singular)
godȏva (dual nominative)
godȏvi (nominative plural)
godȗ (genitive singular)
godóv (dual genitive)
godóv (genitive plural)
gọ̑du (dative singular)
gọ̑di (dative singular)
godȏvoma (dative dual)
godȏvama (dative dual)
godȏvom (dative plural)
gọ̑dȏvam (dative plural)
gọ̑d (accusative singular)
godȏva (accusative dual)
godȏve (accusative plural)
gọ̑du (locative singular)
gọ̑di (locative singular)
godȏvih (dual locative)
godȏvih (locative plural)
gọ̑dom (instrumental singular)
godȏvoma (dual instrumental)
godȏvama (dual instrumental)
godȏvi (instrumental plural)
gọ̑d (singular vocative)
godȏva (dual vocative)
godȏvi (plural vocative)
gọ̑d (nominative singular)
godȏva (dual nominative)
godȏvi (nominative plural)
gọ̑da (genitive singular)
godóv (dual genitive)
godóv (genitive plural)
gọ̑du (dative singular)
gọ̑di (dative singular)
godȏvoma (dative dual)
godȏvama (dative dual)
godȏvom (dative plural)
gọ̑dȏvam (dative plural)
gọ̑d (accusative singular)
godȏva (accusative dual)
godȏve (accusative plural)
gọ̑du (locative singular)
gọ̑di (locative singular)
godȏvih (dual locative)
godȏvih (locative plural)
gọ̑dom (instrumental singular)
godȏvoma (dual instrumental)
godȏvama (dual instrumental)
godȏvi (instrumental plural)
gọ̑d (singular vocative)
godȏva (dual vocative)
godȏvi (plural vocative)

sl-infl-noun

no

no

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *godъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian god, Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ).


turtle dove

From Middle English turtildove, turteldoufe (cognate with Old High German turtultūba, turtulatūba, turtiltūba, Middle High German turteltūbe, türteltūbe, German Turteltaube; German Low German Turtelduuv, Dutch tortelduif, Faroese turtildúgva, Icelandic turtildúfa), Danish turteldue, Norwegian Bokmål turteldue, Norwegian Nynorsk turteldue, Swedish turturduva. The first element is from Latin turtur (“turtledove”) (compare the archaic synonym turtle (“turtle dove (bird)”); the word is not related to turtle (“reptile with a shell”).

Any of several (species of) birds, called by this traditional name, mainly in the genus Streptopelia, of the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons, which also included the extinct passenger pigeon, dodo, and solitaire).


partridge

en-noun

partridge (plural partridges or partridge)

/ˈpɑːtɹɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈpɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/

From Middle English partrich, partriche, pertriche, perdriz, from Old French perdriz, partriz, from Latin perdīx (“partridge”), from Ancient Greek πέρδιξ (pérdix, “partridge”), probably from πέρδομαι (pérdomai, “to fart”).

partridge-wood

Andira inermis; Millettia stuhlmannii; Stereum frustulosum

On the first day of Christmas, my true love sent to me a partridge in a pear tree.

...and the loudest sound in the lonely fields was when, adventuring too near some late brood, the partridge sought to deceive by a plaintive cry and seeming helplessness, crossing before your very feet, till, when drawn to a sufficient distance, suddenly the air vibrated to the flutter of her active pinions.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XI, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 80:

(ornithology) Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.

thëllëzë

any bird of the genera Perdix or Alectoris

鹧鸪 (zhègū) (francolin, but often translated as partridge)


乙

Compound of 木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).


章

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (章):
* → Japanese: 章(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 장(章) (jang)
* → Vietnamese: chương (章)

desc

→ English: Chang, Zhang, Cheung, Chiang, Cheang, Cheong

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): A chisel 辛 piercing a piece of untreated jade in the middle of the character (now 日). Originally meaning "to treat jade", likely the original character of 璋 or 彰.
STEDT compares the word to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”); see 陽 (OC *laŋ, “sunshine”) for more.

章動

章动

[The cycle of] nineteen years constitute one zhang. Four zhang make one bu, which is seventy-six years.

c. early 3rd century, Zhao Shuang (趙爽), editor. Zhoubi Suanjing (《周髀算經》)

Shíjiǔ suì wéi yī zhāng. Sì zhāng wèi yī bù, qīshíliù suì.

十九歲為一章。四章為一蔀，七十六歲。

十九岁为一章。四章为一蔀，七十六岁。

(Chinese astronomy) the cycle of 19 years (approximate common multiple for the synodic month and tropical year, similar to the Metonic cycle)


丙

the third of the ten heavenly stems; something of the third rank

甲乙丙丁

甲乙丙丁 こうおつへいてい


丙

火 (Hi, “Fire”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 兄 (e, “elder brother”)


亥

亥 (canonical)
I (romanization)
Wi (romanization)
ゐ (hiragana historical)

the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches


丑

The ox, the second sign of Chinese zodiac.


丑

the Ox, the second of the twelve Earthly Branches


丑

丑 (canonical)
Chū (romanization)
Tiu (romanization)
ちう (hiragana historical)


卯

the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches


卯

卯 (canonical)
Bō (romanization)
Bau (romanization)
ばう (hiragana historical)


午

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)


午

the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches


壬

the ninth of the ten heavenly stems; something I


壬

壬 (canonical)
Mizunoe (romanization)
Midunoe (romanization)
みづのえ (hiragana historical)

水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 兄 (e, “elder brother”)


寅

the Tiger, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches


夏

夏炉冬扇

summer fires, winter fans; useless things


夏

From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ge₁⟩.

(Buddhism) summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month


夏

From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeX).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

the Xia dynasty (first dynasty of China)

Short for 大夏 (Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms

大夏

Short for 西夏 (Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty


巳

Chinese zodiac
Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
Shōsōin
ja:巳

Assumed to be an abbreviation of 蛇 (hemi, “snake”, modern reading hebi).
Philological analyses presume this was read as mi₂ in Old Japanese, as names 身麻呂 (mi₂maro₂, “a male born on the year of the Snake”) and 身売 (mi₂me₁, “a female born on the year of the Snake”) were recorded in Shōsōin documents, alongside other names born on the Chinese zodiac.

the Snake, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches (by extension):

a year corresponding to the year of the Snake

south-southeast: a direction pointed thirty degrees from south to east

Mi. ミ (巳) 例, Minotoqi (巳の時) 午前八時から十時まで.
Mi. Example: Minotoki (time of the Snake). A time from 8 AM to 10 AM.


巳

the Snake, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches


庚

ja-pos

庚(こう) • (Kō)


庚

金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 兄 (e, “elder brother”)


戊

土 (Tsuchi, “Earth”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 兄 (e, “elder brother”)


己

Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) + の (no, possessive particle) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).


戌

the Dog, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches


未

the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches


春

/paru/ → /ɸaru/ → /haru/
From Old Japanese.

a time of happiness after a long period of difficulty


申

the monkey, one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac


申

the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches


癸

something J
tenth of the ten heavenly stems


癸

ja-pos

癸(みずのと) • (Mizunoto) ^(←みづのと (Midunoto)?)

癸 (canonical)
Mizunoto (romanization)
Midunoto (romanization)
みづのと (hiragana historical)

水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)


盆

Kyūjitai Shinjitai Tray Tōkyō ja:トレイ Ōsaka

From Middle Chinese 盆 (MC bwon). Compare modern Mandarin 盆 (pén).

覆水盆に返らず: → some things cannot be undone

spilt water does not return to the basin

compare raining pitchforks and hammer handles

盆に載せたる蟇: → a metaphor for being at a loss and unable to proceed

much as a toad on a tray will slip about and be unable to get traction

塗り盆に載せた蛙: → a metaphor for being at a loss and unable to proceed

much as a frog on a lacquered tray will slip about and be unable to get traction

塗り盆へ載せた蟇蛙: → a metaphor for being at a loss and unable to proceed

much as a toad on a lacquered tray will slip about and be unable to get traction

to look at the sky with a pot [or tray] on one's head

盆を戴きて天を望む: → a metaphor for two things that cannot be done at the same time

tray on one's head would prevent one from looking up

a gambling den, a place where gambling happens


盆

Benjamin Franklin
Bon Festival
Daijirin
Daijisen
Junjirō Takakusu
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:お盆
ja:松村明
Ōsaka

Short for 盂蘭盆 (Urabon) or 盂蘭盆会 (Urabon'e), from Middle Chinese 盂蘭盆 (hju lan bwon) or 盂蘭盆會 (hju lan bwon hwajᴴ) (compare modern Mandarin 盂蘭盆／盂兰盆 (yúlánpén) or 盂蘭盆會／盂兰盆会 (yúlánpénhuì)), a transcription of Pali ullumpana (“raising, helping”), present participle of Pali verb ullumpati (“to raise up, to help”).
A number of Japanese dictionaries state that this term derives from Sanskrit उल्लम्बन (ullambana), purportedly meaning “hanging upside-down” in reference to the souls of the dead being tortured in hell by being strung up by their feet. However, the Sanskrit word was sparsely, if at all, attested (Ashikaga, 1951); in addition, it would be the present participle of verb उल्लम्ब् (ullamb, “to hang”, intransitive), with no inherent “upside-down” meaning.
Moreover, neither the purported meaning of “hanging upside-down” nor the verifiable meaning of “hanging” match the semantics very well, given that the urabon ceremonies are about helping the dead, closer in meaning to the “helping” sense of the Pali verb. This suggests that explanations of the dead hanging upside-down in hell are more likely to be folk etymologies based on a mistaken connection to the Sanskrit verb, rather than a more direct semantic link to the Pali. Alternatively, Junjirō Takakusu (apud Ashikaga, 1951) propounded that the origin was in fact Pali ullumbana, a colloquial corruption of Pali ullumpana (“raising up; saving; helping”), and that the etymology was mistakenly attributed to Sanskrit.

zh-l

盂蘭盆會／盂兰盆会 (yúlánpénhuì)

cog

the Obon or Bon Festival, an event with Buddhist roots, celebrated on July 15

盂蘭盆

festival, more specifically the Buddhist ceremonies

盆と正月が一時に来たよう: → extremely busy

as if Bon and New Years came at the same time

Bon no jūroku-nichi wa jigoku no kama no futa ga aku

盆の十六日は地獄の釜の蓋が開く: “on the 16th day of Bon

the lids on the kettles of hell open up” → from a tradition that the 16th day of July is a day of rest and relative peace for the souls of the damned

when the demons of hell temporarily let people off the hook

and employers in this world would give their employees a day off

the mackerel business after Bon has finished

盆過ぎての鯖商い: → a metaphor for something past its prime

the way that grilled mackerel was often given as a gift food item

盆過ぎての蓮の葉: → a metaphor for something past its prime

the way that lotus leaves would often be used in offering during Obon

盆過ぎての蓮の花: → a metaphor for something past its prime

the way that lotus flowers would often be used in offering during Obon

Bon mikka wa yome to shūtome ga nakayoku naru

brides and mothers-in-law (can) get along for the three days of Bon

盆三日は嫁と姑が仲よくなる: → from how family and other guests come to visit during Obon

compare the famous Benjamin Franklin quote

“After three days men grow weary of a wench

List of festivals in Japan on Wiktionary


甲

ja-pos

甲(こう) • (Kō)


甲

木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 兄 (e, “elder brother”)


蔀

十九歲為一章。四章為一蔀，七十六歲。

十九岁为一章。四章为一蔀，七十六岁。

(Chinese astronomy) the cycle of 76 years (approximate common multiple for the synodic month and tropical year, similar to the Callippic cycle)


辛

金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)


辰

the dragon as the fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac

辰韓: the Jinhan confederacy: a twelve-member confederation

located on the southeast of the Korean peninsula during the proto-Three Kingdoms period

later absorbed into the growing Silla kingdom

辰刻: the hour of the dragon: 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM

辰刻法

a timekeeping method used during the Edo period, using six hours for the day and six for the night

mercury sulfide: a common ore of mercury

held at the houses of the wealthy in the hour of the dragon on the first day of the dragon after New Years

辰松

the name of a family of traditional Japanese puppeteer

辰松風: a men's hairstyle popular in the middle of the Edo period

popularized by a noted puppeteer of the Takamatsu family

辰星: alternate name for the planet Mercury

辰年

the year of the dragon under the Chinese zodiac

辰巳: between the dragon and the snake: around 9:00 AM on the clock

a woman from the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo

辰巳言葉

a slang or argot used by the prostitutes and geisha of the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo

辰巳調子

辰巳調子 たつみちょうし

shrill and loud of speech, crude and course of manner


辰

From the verb たつ (tatsu, “to get up, to take off”) (whence also 竜 (tatsu, “dragon”)), from the notion of a dragon flying.

the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches


辰

辰の市

in the Yamato kingdom of ancient Japan, markets held every day of the dragon

辰の一点

the first 30 minute of the hour of the dragon

alternate name for 三月 (sangatsu, “the month of March”)


almanac

From Middle English almenak, from Old French almanach, from Medieval Latin almanachus, from Andalusian Arabic الْمَنَاخ (al-manāḵ, “almanac, calendar”), from Arabic الْمُنَاخ (al-munāḵ, “climate”).

der

(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information.

almanak

book or table listing astronomical, nautical or other events for the year


merry Christmas

→ Hawaiian: mele Kalikimaka

→ Japanese: メリークリスマス (merī Kurisumasu)

→ Korean: 메리 크리스마스 (meri Keuriseumaseu)

desc

မာရေဝ်ခရေတ်သမာတ်

→ Mon: မာရေဝ်ခရေတ်သမာတ်

→ Mon: မာရေဝ်ခရေတ်သမာတ်

เมอร์รี่คริสต์มาส

→ Thai: เมอร์รี่คริสต์มาส (məə-rîi krís-mâas)

Merry Christmas, Jack. / Same to you. And a happy New Year.

Have a merry Christmas, Jack. / Merry Christmas to you and your family.

I am aſhamed to talk of theſe Trifles, but to make you ſenſible by the Way, that the Spaniards are not ſo ungrateful as you repreſent them, I ſhall tell you, that the Money ariſing out of the Sale that was made of the Wine and Chocolate belonging to the Cardinal at his Departure, was more than ſufficient to defray the Expences of his Journey, and had he continued fifteen Days longer at Madrid, he would have received by the Poſt a Bill of 1000 Piſtoles, with which a Friend wiſhed him a merry Chriſtmas, which Sum was paid by the King’s Orders to the Government of Madrid to be employed for the Benefit of the Publick.

1722, The Hiſtorical Regiſter, volume VII, № XXVIII, “An Anſwer from the Marqueſs of ———— to the Letter of a Prelate, concerning Cardinal Alberoni”, pages 291–292

(Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Canada, US) Used to express good wishes on or before Christmas Day.

შობას გილოცავთ

addressing 2nd-person pl. or 2nd-person sg. politely

ბედნიერ შობას გისურვებ (bednier šobas gisurveb, literally “wish you a happy Christmas”)


Christmas tree

At the very moment he cried out, David realised that what he had run into was only the Christmas tree. Disgusted with himself at such cowardice, he spat a needle from his mouth, stepped back from the tree and listened. There were no sounds of any movement upstairs: no shouts, no sleepy grumbles, only a gentle tinkle from the decorations as the tree had recovered from the collision.

1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus:

In 1958, it was reported that for "the fourth year in succession, staff of four South London stations have combined to decorate the booking hall at Peckham Rye station". They installed a nativity scene, models of Father Christmas, and a sleigh driven by huskies, and Christmas trees were placed around the station.

2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, page 29:

A conifer used during the Christmas holiday season, typically decorated with lights and ornaments and often a star or angel at its tip.

kersboom

tree used during the Christmas holiday season

Christmas's tree

in sense of the seasonal decorative tree

(aviation, historical) A type of alert area constructed by the Strategic Air Command of the United States Air Force during the Cold War.


epiphany

From Middle English epiphanie, from Old French epyphanie, from Late Latin epiphania, from Ancient Greek ἐπιφάνεια (epipháneia, “manifestation, striking appearance”), from ἐπιφαίνω (epiphaínō, “I appear, display”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine, appear”). English Epiphany (of Christ) since the 14th century, generic use since the 17th century.

der

(Christianity) Alternative letter-case form of Epiphany.


Christmas Eve

From Middle English Cristemasse eve, from an assumed Old English *Cristes mæsseǣfen.

This Collect is to be repeated every day with the other Collects in Advent, until Christmas-Eve.

1681, Church of England, The book of common prayer:

With trembling fingers did we weave
The holly round the Chrismas hearth;
A rainy cloud possess’d the earth,
And sadly fell our Christmas-eve.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXX, page 48:

Why was the cock supposed to crow all Christmas Eve ("The bird of dawning singeth all night long")?

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 27:

The family celebrated Christmas Eves together in the military stockade, sleeping on mattresses on the floor of Ninoy’s cell.

1986, The Philippine Journal of Education, volume 65, page 38, column 1:

Brad led Matthew into the family room where they celebrated Christmas Eves and told Matthew, “Papa’s gone. He’s in heaven, and we’ll never see him again.”

2015, Rhoda G. Penny, chapter 7, in An Extra Ordinary Life, Mustang, Okla.: Tate Publishing & Enterprises, LLC, →ISBN, page 62:

And I was mourning the future, too. That Wally wouldn’t spend Christmas Eves with both of his parents, dressed up like a Santa or a Christmas pudding, overindulged in the morning.

2017, Gillian McAllister, Everything but the Truth, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 294:

In 1965, all Coventry's banks closed at noon on Christmas Eve for the first time, to "enable bank staff to get away at a reasonable time". […] On Christmas Day itself there will be no trains, for recent experience has shown that few wish to travel then, even on services which had been drastically reduced: earlier closing of shops and offices on Christmas Eve is the chief reason for this change in the pattern of travel.

2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, page 30:


solstice

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥
Latin sōl
Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti
Proto-Italic *sistō
Latin sistō
Proto-Indo-European *-yōs
Proto-Italic *-jōs
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin sōlstitiumlbor.
Old French solsticebor.
Middle English solstice
English solstice
From Middle English solstice, from Old French solstice, from Latin sōlstitium.

etymon

The point at which the sun is nearest to the south pole we call the winter solstice, and the opposite point, the summer solstice.

One of the two points in the ecliptic at which the sun is furthest from the celestial equator. This corresponds to one of two days in the year when the day is either longest or shortest.

اِنْقِلَاب شَمْسِيّ

point where the earth stands at the extreme of its ellipsis around the sun


Lemuria

Lemuria (festival)
en:Lemuria (disambiguation)

(historical) A religious feast of Ancient Rome during which rites were performed to exorcise the malevolent ghosts of the dead from their homes.


Lemuria

la-proper noun

Lemūria n pl (variously declined, genitive Lemūriōrum or Lemūrium); second declension, third declension

Lemūria (canonical neuter plural)
Lemūriōrum (genitive)
Lemūrium (genitive)
Lemūria (nominative plural)
Lemūriōrum (genitive plural)
Lemūrium (genitive plural)
Lemūriīs (dative plural)
Lemūribus (dative plural)
Lemūria (accusative plural)
Lemūriīs (ablative plural)
Lemūribus (ablative plural)
Lemūria (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪ɛˈmuːriä]

From lemurēs (“ghosts of the departed”).

The festival of Lemurēs (spirits, ghosts)


birthday

From Middle English birthdai, birtheday, from Old English ġebyrddæġ (“birthday”), influenced by Old Norse burðr, equivalent to birth + day. Compare Saterland Frisian Gebuursdai (“birthday”), Dutch geboortedag (“birthday”), Low German Geboortsdag (“birthday”), German Geburtstag (“birthday”), Norwegian bursdag, gebursdag (“birthday”).
Eclipsed non-native Middle English nativitee (“birth, nativity, birthday”), from Old French nativité, nativited, from Latin nātīvitas.

ዕለተ ልደት

ʿəlätä lədät

When's your birthday? Mine's on April 1.

Oliver Twist's ninth birthday found him a pale thin child, somewhat diminutive in stature, and decidedly small in circumference.

1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], chapter 2, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:

1903, L. Frank Baum, The Surprising Adventures of the Magical Monarch of Mo and His People, The Fifth Surprise: The Monarch Celebrates His Birthday,
One of the Wise Men said the King was born in February; another declared it was in May, and a third figured the great event happened in October. So the King issued a royal decree that he should have three birthdays every year, in order to be on the safe side; and whenever he happened to think of it he put in an odd birthday or two for luck.

1906, Edith Nesbit, The Railway Children, Chapter 9: The pride of Perks,
"And we thought we'd make a nice birthday for him. He's been so awfully jolly decent to us, you know, Mother," said Peter, "and we agreed that next bun-day we'd ask you if we could."

c. 1911, Cotton Mather, Worthington Chauncey Ford (editor), Diary of Cotton Mather, Volume 1: 1681-1708, footnote, page 1,
It was his custom to begin a new year's record on February 12, his birthday.

The King's Birthday, which occurred yesterday, will be officially observed to-day, and the customary list of honours conferred on the occasion is published.

1921 June 4, “Birthday Honours — Companions of Honour”, in The Times:

The anniversary of the day on which someone is born.

The anniversary of the day on which something is created.


birthday

en-verb

birthday (third-person singular simple present birthdays, present participle birthdaying, simple past and past participle birthdayed)

birthdays (present singular third-person)
birthdaying (participle present)
birthdayed (participle past)
birthdayed (past)

(intransitive, informal) To celebrate one's birthday.


Christmas

en-proper noun

Christmas (countable and uncountable, plural Christmases or Christmasses)

Christmases (plural)
Christmasses (plural)

→ Afrikaans: Krismis

desctree

→ Gilbertese: Kiritimati
→ English: Kiritimati

→ Golin: geresma

→ Hawaiian: Kalikimaka

desc

→ Hindi: क्रिसमस (krismas), क्रिस्मस (krismas)

→ Hopi: Kyesmis

→ Japanese: クリスマス (Kurisumasu)

→ Korean: 크리스마스 (Keuriseumaseu)

→ Maori: Kirihimete

→ Mon: ခရေတ်သမာတ်

→ Mon: ခရေတ်သမာတ်

→ Burmese: ခရစ္စမတ် (hka.racca.mat)

→ Spanish: Crismes

→ Swahili: Krismasi

The proper noun is derived from Middle English Cristemasse, Criste-mas (“Christmas Day; season of Christmas; Christmas festivities”) [and other forms], from Old English Cristes mæsse (“Christmas”, literally “Christ’s mass”), from Crist (“Christ”) + -es (possessive marker) + mæsse (“a mass (celebration of the Eucharist)”). The English word is analysable as Christ + -mas (suffix denoting a holiday or sacred day).
The noun, adjective, and verb are derived from the proper noun.
Adjective sense 1 (“red and green in colour”) refers to these colours being traditionally associated with Christmas.

suffix

Do you celebrate Christmas?

This Christmas we’ll open presents, then go to grandma’s for dinner.

Be gladde, lordes, bothe more and lasse, / For this hath ordeyned our stewarde / To chere you all this christmasse / The bores heed with mustarde.

[[15th century] (date written), “A Caroll Bringyng in the Bores Heed”, in [Christmasse Carolles], London: […] Wynkyn de Worde, published 1521, →OCLC; republished in Joseph Ames, Typographical Antiquities: Being a Historical Account of Printing in England: […], London: […] W[illiam] Faden, and sold by J. Robinson, […], 1749, →OCLC, page 96, column 2:

In this Winter was great death in London, wherefore the Terme was adiorned, and the king for to eſchue the plague, kept his Chriſtmaſſe at Eltham with a ſmall number, for no man might come thether, but ſuch as were appoynted by name: this Chriſtmas in the kings houſe, was called the ſtill Chriſtmaſſe.

1569, Richard Grafton, “Henry the Eyght”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume II, London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, pages 1140–1141:

Kinde Gentlemen, and honeſt Companions, I preſent you here with a merrie conceited Comedie, called the Shoomakers Holyday, acted by my Lorde Admiralls Players this preſent Chriſtmaſſe, before the Queenes moſt excellent Maieſtie.

1599 (first performance; published 1600), Thomas Dekker, “The Shomakers Holiday. Or The Gentle Craft. […]. To All Good Fellowes, Professors of the Gentle Craft; of what Degree Soeuer.”, in The Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker […], volume I, London: John Pearson […], published 1873, →OCLC, page 3:

Hereupon a Peace vvas concluded, vvhich vvas publiſhed a little before Chriſtmaſſe, in the Fourteenth yeare of the Kings Raigne, to continue for both the Kings liues, and the ouer-liuer of them, and a yeare after.

1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC, page 191:

Chriſtmaſſe commeth but once a yeere.

1623, M. N. [pseudonym; William Camden], “Certaine Prouerbes, Poemes or Poesies, Epigrammes, Rhythmes, and Epitaphs of the English Nation in Former Times, and Some of This Present Age”, in Remaines, Concerning Britaine: […], 3rd edition, London: […] Nicholas Okes, for Simon Waterson, […], →OCLC, page 267:

[T]heſe Ships […] meet vvith Privateers, vvho reſort hither in the aforeſaid months [May to August], purpoſely to keep a Chriſtmas as they call it; being ſure to meet vvith Liquor enough to be merry vvith, and are very liberal to thoſe that treat them.

1697, William Dampier, chapter III, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 56:

[…] I was always grateful for the sum of my week's profit, and at Christmas for that of the whole year.

1712 August 17 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “WEDNESDAY, August 6, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 450; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 220:

The lord chancellor holds his fittings in this hall, and in former days, like the Temple, it had its revels and great Chriſtmaſſes. […] The account of the great feaſt in the hall of the Inner Temple, by the ſerjeants, in 1555, is extremely worth conſulting: and alſo of the hoſpitable Chriſtmaſſes of old times.

1798 July, “Account of Lincoln’s Inn: With a Perspective View of the Hall and Chapel”, in The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure; […], volume CIII, London: […] W[illiam] Bent, […], →OCLC, page 42, column 2:

[A] great deal of revelry was permitted, and even encouraged, by the squire, throughout the twelve days of Christmas, provided every thing was done comformably to ancient usage. […] [T]he Yule clog, and Christmas candle, were regularly burnt, and the mistletoe, with its white berries, hung up, to the imminent peril of all the pretty housemaids.

1820 January 1, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Christmas Eve”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number V, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 379:

“Lawk!” says our old granddam, who has taken the liberty of looking over our manuscript while we were gone to mix a glass of water and something. “Lawk!” says she, “how can you write such stuff? Christmas, indeed! you’ve no Christmas now. Do you call this Christmas? It’s more like a vapour bath. Such weather! Lawk, how times are changed! the Christmasses I remember! the good, old-fashioned Christmasses, when there was snow on the ground six feet deep, and poor people were starved to death by dozens, and you couldn’t go out without having your fingers frost-bitten, and coals were at six shillings a hundred, and canals froze up so that you couldn’t get your goods, and the roads all impassable, and daren’t ask a few friends to merrymake for fear of losing three or four of ’em going home in snow-drifts, and—oh, those were Christmasses! we shall never see such times again!”

1840 January, Sylvanus Swanquill [pseudonym; John Hewitt], “Merry Christmas and Happy New Year”, in The New Sporting Magazine, volume XVIII, number 105, London: Walter Spiers, […], →OCLC, page 53:

[I]t was always said of him [Ebenezer Scrooge], that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed this knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God Bless Us, Every One!

1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 166:

The time draws near the birth of Christ: / The moon is hid; the night is still; / The Christmas bells from hill to hill / Answer each other in the mist.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXVIII, page 45:

Reader have your Christmasses hitherto been marked with happiness? Thank God for it. […] Then mamma died—and later in your college days, dear Herbert, when you were both as tall as men, but as fond of play as ever—and we used to spend such happy Christmasses, till our dear father died, / “That was our first sad winter, the one which followed his death, for you remember how sadly we all missed him, and we were still in mourning—but the next one was a happy day, for Lawry was so full of spirits—and that was our last happy Christmas. Herbert darling, Lawrence has left the last impression of happiness on my memory—he, who has since broken up our domestic peace, and for a long time spoilt our Christmasses—Heaven bless him![…]”

1859, [Florence] Marryatt, chapter XXIX, in Temper. A Novel., New York, N.Y.: Dick & Fitzgerald, […], →OCLC, page 205:

Love came down at Christmas, / Love all lovely, Love Divine, / Love was born at Christmas, / Star and Angels gave the sign.

1885, Christina G[eorgina] Rossetti, “December 29 [Love Came Down at Christmas]”, in Time Flies: A Reading Diary […], London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge […], →OCLC, page 251:

I'm dreaming of a white Christmas / With every Christmas card I write / May your days be merry and bright / And may all your Christmases be white

1942 July 30, Irving Berlin (lyrics and music), “White Christmas”, performed by Bing Crosby, New York, N.Y.: Decca Records, →OCLC:

Have yourself a merry little Christmas / Let your heart be light / Next year all our troubles will be out of sight

1943 (date written), “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas”, in Ralph Blane (lyrics), Hugh Martin (music), Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas: From the M.G.M. Picture Meet Me in St. Louis, performed by Judy Garland, New York, N.Y.: Leo Feist, published 1944, →OCLC:

The last time I saw her was a week before Christmas, 1980. We took down a fat branch of berried Megginch holly, which we stuck in a pot for a Christmas tree, hung with silver balls and glitters. Aunt Victoria looked at it, smiled and unexpectedly said, “Christmas.” Surely she was sitting there dreaming of Christmasses long past: Christmas in the South China Sea, the Christmas lights of Hong Kong, hot Christmasses so long ago in the Anchises under the Southern Cross stars, or even longer ago of Christmasses at Megginch, singing carols round the lighted Christmas tree in the hall, while Queen Victoria’s goddaughter in her starched white dress and bronze shoes had worn the sparkling pendant given her by the great Queen.

1994, Cherry Drummond, The Remarkable Life of Victoria Drummond, Marine Engineer, London: The Institute of Marine Engineers, →ISBN, page 354:

I don't want a lot for Christmas / There is just one thing I need / I don't care about the presents / Underneath the Christmas tree / I just want you for my own / More than you could ever know / Make my wish come true / All I want for Christmas is you

1994 October 29, Mariah Carey, Walter Afanasieff (lyrics and music), “All I Want for Christmas Is You”, in Merry Christmas, performed by Mariah Carey, New York, N.Y.: Columbia Records, →OCLC:

This is not the first time a city in China has clamped down on Christmas merriment. Last December, Hengyang, a city in Hunan province, issued a stern notice asking Communist Party officials and their relatives to “resist the rampant Western festival.” The China Communist Youth League in Anhui wrote on social media last year that “Christmas is China’s day of shame” and represents a latter-day invasion by the West.

2018 December 19, Tiffany May, “Chinese City Bans Christmas Displays Amid Religious Crackdown”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-19, Asia Pacific:

Western Christianity
Western Christianity

(originally Christianity) A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.

Kersfees

festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 in most places

ܥܹܐܕܵܐ ܕܡܵܘܠܵܕܵܐ

ˁēdā dmāwlādā

The last three Christmases have been good for retailers.

Christmas shoppers spent less this December than last year, but our store will probably see just as many returned items during the twelve days of Christmas.

There'll be parties for hosting / Marshmallows for toasting / And caroling out in the snow / There'll be scary ghost stories / And tales of the glories / Of Christmases long, long ago

1963 October 14, Eddie [i.e., Edward] Pola, George Wyle (lyrics and music), “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year”, performed by Andy Williams, New York, N.Y.: Columbia Records, →OCLC:

Christmas is such a wonderful time of the year / Christmas, it's the season of good cheer / […] / Christmas is love, Christmas is love / The love of God, oh that's the marvelous thing

1981, John W[illard] Peterson (lyrics and music), “Christmas is Love”, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Singspiration, →OCLC:

Christmas season
Christmas season#English

(often marketing) Short for Christmas season (“the period of time before and after Christmas Day, during which people prepare for and celebrate Christmas”); Christmastime.

Christmas season

if ifs and buts were candy and nuts, we'd all have a merry Christmas

like turkeys voting for an early Christmas

think all one's Christmases have come at once

A number of places in the United States:

An uninhabited mining community in Gila County, Arizona.

An unincorporated community in Au Train Township, Alger County, Michigan.

An unincorporated community in Bolivar County, Mississippi


idi

īdī̀ (canonical masculine)
īdìn (possessed-form)


otoño

→ Sardinian: (semi-learned)

Logudorese: atunzu

Nuorese: atunzu

Campidanese: atóngiu

→ Gallurese: attugnu (semi-learned)

→ Sassarese: attugnu (semi-learned)

Inherited from Latin autumnus. /w/ prevented the lenition of the following consonant, as with Latin auca > Spanish oca.


bicentennial

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bicentennial.wav

By surface analysis, bi- + centennial and bi- + cent- + -ennial.

Relating to the 200th anniversary of an event or happening.


bicentennial

The US bicentennial in 1976 was celebrated greatly because the economy happened to be good.

The 200th anniversary of an event or happening.


tricentennial

By surface analysis, tri- + centennial and tri- + cent- + -ennial.

The 300th anniversary of an event or happening.


decennial

From Latin decennialis, from decennium (“10-year period”) + -ālis, from decennis (“10-year”) + -ium (“-ium”, suffix forming abstract nouns), from decem (“ten”) + annus (“year”) + -is (suffix forming compound adjectives).

Roman coins mentioning the vota publica for Macrinus are RIC IV.1 5–13; on vota publica for the decennials and vicennials of emperors in the 2nd and 3rd c. ad, see Chastagnol 1984.

2022, Martin Hallmannsecker, Roman Ionia..., p. 110

(historical) Synonym of decennalia, the festival and religious ritual held in the 10th year of a Roman emperor's reign.


primavera

Inherited from Late Latin prīma vēra (“early spring”), derived from vēr (“spring”). Compare Spanish primavera, French primevère.


primavera

Inherited from Old Spanish primavera, from Late Latin prīma vēra, from Latin prīmus (“first”) + vēr (“spring”). Compare Italian primavera and Romanian primăvară.

Mi primo tiene cuarenta primaveras


estate

Latinizing modification of state, inherited from Latin aestātem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”).


mince pie

A pie, traditionally served around Christmas time, having a filling of mincemeat (now usually in the sweet sense) and sometimes also containing alcohol or other ingredients.

коледен пай

mincemeat-filled pie served around Christmas


Semana Santa

From Spanish Semana Santa (“Holy Week”).


Semana Santa

(Christianity) Holy Week (week preceding Easter)


Semana Santa

tl-proper noun

Semana Santa (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋᜈ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ)


quattrocento

/ˌkwɑtɹəʊˈtʃɛntəʊ/

From Italian quattrocento (“four hundred”).

The 1400s, the fifteenth-century Renaissance Italian period.


Santa

Mohe, known as China's Arctic Town, holds the record for its lowest-ever temperature of minus 52.3 Celsius (minus 62.1 Fahrenheit), on Feb. 13, 1969.
For most visitors, the highlight of a trip is the fulfilment of a long-held wish to meet Santa.
"I've achieved my childhood dream," said Huang Liwen, 30, who had travelled to Mohe from Guangdong province in southern China.
"It's a real Christmas now in Santa village, where we can see the real Santa Claus ... It was really worth the trip."

2020 December 21, Xihao Jiang, Carlos Garcia Rawlins, “Santa welcomes visitors at winter wonderland in China's Arctic Town”, in Karishma Singh, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-08, China:


advent

head

advent c (singular definite adventen, plural indefinite adventer)

adventen (definite singular)
adventer (indefinite plural)
advent (indefinite nominative singular)
adventen (definite nominative singular)
adventer (indefinite nominative plural)
adventerne (definite nominative plural)
advents (genitive indefinite singular)
adventens (definite genitive singular)
adventers (genitive indefinite plural)
adventernes (definite genitive plural)

[ˈaðˌvɛnˀd̥]

Advent (the period from Advent Sunday to Christmas)


advent

adventen (definite singular)
adventer (indefinite plural)
adventene (definite plural)


advent

adventa (definite singular)
adventer (indefinite plural)
adventene (definite plural)


advent

advent (nominative singular)
adventar (nominative plural)
adventa (nominative plural)
adventes (genitive singular)
adventa (genitive plural)
advente (dative singular)
adventum (dative plural)
adventem (dative plural)
advent (accusative singular)
adventar (accusative plural)
adventa (accusative plural)


advent

→ Finnish: adventti

From Old Swedish advent, borrowed from Latin adventus (“arrival, approach”). Compare Swedish åtkomst.


Easter Sunday

(Christianity) Easter Day, a Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.


Good Friday

From good (“holy”); compare good tide to refer to Christmas or Shrovetide (e.g. Goodtyde and Gudtyde in some British dialects), Good Wednesday, and the Good Book to refer to the Bible. Earlier called Old English Langa-Friġedæġ (“Long Friday”).

inh

But Good Friday soon restored to lord Nelville all those religious emotions, the want of which he so much regretted on the preceding days.

1807, [Germaine] de Staël Holstein, translated by D[ennis] Lawler, “[Book X. Holy week.] Chap[ter] IV.”, in Corinna; or, Italy. […], volume III, London: […] Corri, […]; and sold by Colburn, […], and Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 43:

(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.

성금요일

used predominantly in the Roman Catholic church


resurrection

en-noun

resurrection (countable and uncountable, plural resurrections)

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/

From Anglo-Norman resurrectiun, from Old French resurrection (French: résurrection), from Late Latin resurrectionem (accusative of resurrectiō) from Latin resurgō (“I rise again”), from re- (“again”), + surgō (“I rise”). Displaced native Old English ǣrist.

But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 20:5–6:

(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The general resurrection.


New Year's Day

The good people of Han-tan were in the habit, every New Year's day, of presenting their Governor, Chien Tzü, with a number of live pigeons.

1912, Lionel Giles, Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh Tzŭ, London: John Murray, →OCLC, page 118:

A holiday celebrating the first day of the New Year, celebrated on January 1 in cultures following the Gregorian calendar.

Nuwejaarsdag

holiday occurring on the first day of the year


New Year's resolution

New Year's resolution (plural New Year's resolutions)

He made a New Year’s resolution to quit smoking.

Felt that I had reason, from the stupidity of my heart, to fear that my New-Year's resolutions were made too much in my own strength.

1762 February 26, Seth Coleman, “Journal”, in Memoirs of Doctor Seth Coleman, A.M. of Amherst, (Mass.) […], New Haven, Conn.: Printed by Flagg & Gray, […], published 1817, →OCLC, page 99:

If you direct me, on your authority as a priest of our Church, to renounce these acquaintances as dangerous, and to put by all the books of Dissenters, I am here, ready, from this moment, to obey. It shall be my New Year's resolution.

1850, [Elizabeth Missing Sewell], chapter XXXIV, in [William Sewell], editor, Margaret Percival in America: A Tale. […], 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson & Company, →OCLC, page 245:

Young man—young woman! There [the "book of human character"] is the journal of your daily life; there is the remembrancer that records no compliments, no flatteries, only the plain honest truth; blotted it may be with passages of sin and shame, and let us hope here and there with penitent tears; dedicated, let us pray, for its future pages, with a new year's resolution that shall be answered and blessed in the record.

1869, E[dwin] H[ubbell] Chapin, “The Book of Human Life”, in Providence and Life: Select Sermons Preached in the Broadway Church, New York, Cincinnati, Oh.: Williamson & Cantwell, publishers, →OCLC, page 257:

I never saw but one person who succeeded in keeping a New Year's resolution, and he had pined away so rapidly in his physical and grown so abnormally in his moral man, that it was really painful to look at him.

1869, George P[utnam] Upton, “The New Year”, in Letters of Peregrine Pickle, Chicago, Ill.: The Western News Company, […], →OCLC, page 78:

The public library is safely and surely a blessing to the community. It drives out the dram-shops faster than New Year's resolutions. It is the friend of good manners, clean homes, and sweet reasonableness.

1906 December 19, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, “The Things Worth While for a People”, in Proceedings at the Opening of the Seattle Public Library Building: December 19, 1906: The Gift of Andrew Carnegie, [Seattle, Wash.]: The Ivy Press, published 1907, →OCLC:

The railway department made one unanimous New Year's resolution,—"To work for a reduction of accidents, an improvement in service and an increase in revenue."

1925 December, “In Other Departments”, in Al C. Joy, editor, San Joaquin Power Magazine, volume VII, number 12, Fresno, Calif.: San Joaquin Light & Power Corporation, →OCLC, page 23, column 1:

In a broad sense, New Year's resolutions have accompanied the world's cultures and civilizations for millennia. As far back as ancient Mesopotamia, people were resolved to set their affairs in order, clean their homes, return borrowed items, settle debts, and mend broken relationships before the turn of each year. […] The Puritans of Great Britain, a radical group of Christians born from the Protestant Reformation, have been credited with laying the groundwork for the modern New Year's resolutions in the West.

2008, William D. Crump, “Resolutions”, in Encyclopedia of New Year’s Holidays Worldwide, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 207, column 2:

Despite her bad-girl persona, Lex had quickly ferreted out the true Amelia, and he undoubtedly already realized she was the type who would, eventually, want the white picket fence, kids, the whole deal. Despite his New Year's resolution though … would he want all that?

2015, Leslie [A.] Kelly, “No More Bad Girls”, in New Year’s Resolution: Romance! (Harlequin Anthology), Don Mills, Ont.: Harlequin Books, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 165:

A 2022 New Year resolution for the industry must be to restore the publication and distribution of timetables.

2022 January 12, Industry Insider, “Treasury demands cutbacks”, in RAIL, number 948, page 68:

A vow that one makes on New Year's Eve or New Year's Day for the coming year.

新年的计划 (xīnnián de jìhuà) (may be translated thus; concept does not exist culturally)

нового́днее обеща́ние n (novogódneje obeščánije, literally “New Year promise”)


noughties

From nought (“zero”) + -ies (“plural of -y”), in imitation of the names of other decades (twenties, thirties, etc).

Our readers — and contributors — are apt to elect a good deal according to years. The seventies and eighties, we may suppose, are concerned for the large educational and cultural interests of their Alma Mater; the nineties are deep in the practical and business activities; the noughties are not naughty, but still young enough to sport a fantastic costume at reunion and let the college wag as it will; the oneties are the really wise as to what the college ought to be, especially on its athletic side, but as contributors modest.

1914, Amherst College, “Amherst graduates' quarterly”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 4, page 6:

I doubt if any modern poet can boast of as loud acclaim or as liberal reward as Longfellow received for Evangeline or Tennyson for the Idylls, but his fate today is somewhat kinder than that of Poe or Whitman, and much gentler than the stony dole dealt out to poets in the nineties and noughties.

1933, Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, volume 43, Chicago, page 36:

During the Naughty Noughties, Jim was worth between ten and twelve million dollars and his income was more than even he could reasonably spend.

1934, Parker Morell, Diamond Jim: The Life and Times of James Buchanan Brady, page 219:

Every young woman with "advanced" ideas must live in Paris during the decade of the "noughties," as they were dubbed by some wit.

1966, Jean Gould, Modern American playwrights, page 30:

2009 [2006], Naomi Rosh White, “Tertiary education in the noughties: the student perspective”, in Malcolm Tight, editor, The Routledge international handbook of higher education:

2008, Cunningham, Gleeson, Regional Cultural Centre Letterkenny, Painting in the noughties: 21st century British and Irish abstract painting:

An obsession with designer handbags, at ever-spiralling prices, became a phenomenon of the mid-noughties, driven principally by Louis Vuitton.

2009, Brenda Polan, Roger Tredre, The Great Fashion Designers, page 237:

The noughties are the bridge between the pre-internet era, and the life we live now.

2021 November 5, Jess Cartner-Morley, “The noughties are back – but do they warrant a revival?”, in The Guardian:

(UK, sometimes capitalized) The decade consisting of the last year of the previous century and the first nine years of the next: from 1900 to 1909, 2000 to 2009, etc.

teens · twenties · thirties · forties · fifties · sixties · seventies · eighties · nineties

Gay Nineties · Naughty Nineties · Roaring Twenties · Dirty Thirties · Swinging Sixties


holiday

From Middle English halyday, holyday, halidei, haliȝdei, from Old English hāliġdæġ (“holy day, Sabbath”), equivalent to holy + day. Compare West Frisian hjeldei (“holiday”), Danish helligdag (“holiday”), Norwegian helligdag (“holiday”), Swedish helgdag (“holiday, feast”).

inh

A day declared free from work by the state or government.

عُطْل

day declared free from work by the government


holiday

en-verb

holiday (third-person singular simple present holidays, present participle holidaying, simple past and past participle holidayed)

holidays (present singular third-person)
holidaying (participle present)
holidayed (participle past)
holidayed (past)

(intransitive) To take a period of time away from work or study.

lomailla

to take a period of time away from work or study

(British, intransitive) To spend a period of time in recreational travel.

matkustella

to spend a period of time in recreational travel


happy New Year

A wish said around the start of a new year to wish someone well for the New Year (holiday) or for the (entire) new year.

ܪܹܝܫ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܒܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ

rēš šattā brīḵā

良いお年をお迎え下さい

よいおとしをおむかえください


을

Sino-Korean word from 乙; this character is the second of the Heavenly Stems, and is therefore used in contracts and legal documents as the equivalent to "Party B" (i.e. the obligated party).


New Year

In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar (New Year’s Day) and the days following.

Nuwe Jaar

January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar and the days following

újév (strictly speaking, only the first day of the year, as opposed to új év, the year that started not long ago)


carol

carol (third-person singular simple present carols, present participle (UK) carolling or (US) caroling, simple past and past participle (UK) carolled or (US) caroled)

carols (present singular third-person)
carolling (UK participle present)
caroling (US participle present)
carolled (UK participle past)
carolled (UK past)
caroled (US participle past)
caroled (US past)

From Middle English carole, from Old French carole, from Old Italian carola, from Medieval Latin choraula, a variant of choraulēs (“flute player accompanying a chorus dance”), from Ancient Greek χοραυλής (khoraulḗs, “one who accompanies a chorus on the flute”), from χορός (khorós, “choir; dance”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”) or *ǵʰoros) + αὐλός (aulós, “flute”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlos (“tube”)). Compare chorus, terpsichorean.

der

Christmas morning was welcomed by services in some churches. Everyone in the Bingham house, along with other church members, went carolling at five o'clock in the morning, which culminated in the Christmas message at the church, delivered by the pastor. Everyone's heart was blessed.

2012, Patrena Dawkins-Anderson, chapter 8, in Chongtu: Conflict, Pittsburgh, Pa.: Red Lead Press, →ISBN, page 48:

Gather up the neighbor kids and go caroling around the neighborhood … just for the joy of singing together!

2014, Christmas at Grandma’s, Columbus, Oh.: Gooseberry Patch, →ISBN, page 80:

(intransitive) To sing carols; especially to sing Christmas carols in a group.

kòlãdowac

to sing carols; especially to sing Christmas carols in a group


anno Domini

en-noun

anno Domini (countable and uncountable, plural annis Domini)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin annō Dominī, from annō, (ablative of annus (“year”)) + Dominī (genitive of dominus (“lord”)); literally, in the year of the Lord.

The current date era beginning approximately 2000 years ago in the Gregorian calendar, based on the birth of Jesus Christ.


anno Domini

First part anno from Latin annō, ablative of annus (“year; time”), from Proto-Italic *atnos (“year”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-no-, from *h₂et- (“to go”).
Last part Domini from Latin Dominī, genitive singular of Dominus (“The Lord”), of dominus (“lord, master of a house”), from Proto-Italic *domanos, from Proto-Indo-European *domh₂nos (“subduing”), from *demh₂- (“to domesticate, tame”).

[AD] kan også bety noe annet enn Angel Devious, det kan bety Anno Domini

[AD] can also mean something other than Angel Devious, it can mean Anno Domini

anno Domini (the current date era beginning approximately 2000 years ago in the Gregorian calendar, based on the assumed birth of Jesus Christ.)


alla hjärtans dag

Saint Valentine's Day
Saint Valentine's Day


icas

la-noun

īcas f (genitive īcadis); third declension

īcas (canonical feminine)
īcadis (genitive)
īcas (nominative singular)
īcadēs (nominative plural)
īcadis (genitive singular)
īcadum (genitive plural)
īcadī (dative singular)
īcadibus (dative plural)
īcadem (accusative singular)
īcadēs (accusative plural)
īcade (ablative singular)
īcadibus (ablative plural)
īcas (singular vocative)
īcadēs (plural vocative)

The 20th day of the month, a festival honoring Epicurus.


Michaelmas

From Middle English Michelmasse, Myghelmesse; equivalent to Michael + -mas.

(UK, Ireland, law, education) Ellipsis of Michaelmas term.


data

la data di oggi


data

data (nominative singular)
daty (nominative plural)
daty (genitive singular)
dat (genitive plural)
dacie (dative singular)
datom (dative plural)
datę (accusative singular)
daty (accusative plural)
datą (instrumental singular)
datami (instrumental plural)
dacie (locative singular)
datach (locative plural)
dato (singular vocative)
daty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin data.

lbor

date (point of time at which event takes place; a specific day)


Dedo Mráz

sk-proper noun

Dedo Mráz m pers (genitive singular Deda Mráza, nominative plural Dedovia Mrázovia, genitive plural Dedov Mrázov, declension pattern of chlap)

Deda Mráza (genitive singular)
Dedovia Mrázovia (nominative plural)
Dedov Mrázov (genitive plural)
chlap (declension-pattern-of)
Dedo Mráz (nominative singular)
Dedovia Mrázovia (nominative plural)
Deda Mráza (genitive singular)
Dedov Mrázov (genitive plural)
Dedovi Mrázovi (dative singular)
Dedom Mrázom (dative plural)
Deda Mráza (accusative singular)
Dedov Mrázov (accusative plural)
Dedovi Mrázovi (locative singular)
Dedoch Mrázoch (locative plural)
Dedom Mrázom (instrumental singular)
Dedami Mrázami (instrumental plural)

Calque of Russian Де́д Моро́з (Déd Moróz).

calque

Father Christmas, Father Frost (equivalent to Santa Claus)


anniversary

/ˌænɪˈvɜːs(ə)ɹi/

From Middle English anniversary, from Medieval Latin anniversāria (diēs), anniversārium, from anniversārius (“yearly”), from annus (“year”) + versus, past participle of vertere (“to turn”).

herdenking

day an exact number of years since an event

The occasion was the six-month anniversary of the Aug. 8 coup that brought General Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores to power.

1984 February 27, “Never Mind the Tranquil Facade”, in Time:

In a thinly veiled threat to Saddam Hussein, President George Bush marked the six-month anniversary of September 11th by reiterating America's commitment to prevent rogue countries obtaining weapons of mass destruction.

2002 March 14, ‘Politics this Week’, The Economist:

Jonathon proposed to his [Jess's] mom on their three-month anniversary of meeting and married her on their fourth.

2006, DB Schrock, Soulmonger Dot Com, page 28:

(loosely) A day subsequent in time to a given event by some significant period other than a year (especially as prefixed by the amount of time in question).


יום כיפור

he-proper noun

יוֹם כִּיפּוּר

יוֹם כִּפּוּר

יוֹם כִּיפּוּר / יוֹם כִּפּוּר • (yom kipúr) m

יוֹם כִּיפּוּר (canonical)
יוֹם כִּפּוּר (canonical)
yom kipúr (romanization)

→ English: Yom Kippur

→ Finnish: Jom Kippur

→ French: Yom Kippour

→ German: Jom Kippur

→ Spanish: Yom Kipur

→ Swedish: jom kippur

→ Yiddish: יום־כּיפּור (yonkiper)

(Judaism) Yom Kippur (a particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei)


ισημερία

head

ισημερία • (isimería) f (plural ισημερίες)

isimería (romanization)
ισημερίες (plural)
ισημερία (nominative singular)
ισημερίες (nominative plural)
ισημερίας (genitive singular)
ισημεριών (genitive plural)
ισημερία (accusative singular)
ισημερίες (accusative plural)
ισημερία (singular vocative)
ισημερίες (plural vocative)


Zumbi Day

The celebration date is from November 20, 1695; the date of Zumbi's death.

November 20, the day of Zumbi's celebration. Usually only celebrated in Rio de Janeiro.


surprise

nl-noun

surprise f (plural surprises, diminutive surprisetje n)

surprises (plural)
surprisetje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands) a gift wrapped in an ingenious or creative manner; often given anonymously during Sinterklaas celebrations in a similar way to secret Santa


설날

[ˈsʰɘ(ː)ɭɭa̠ɭ]

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 섨〯날〮 (Yale: sěl-s-nál).
Compound of 설 (seol, “new year, New Year's Day”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive infix) + 날 (nal, “day”).

compound

Korean New Year; Lunar New Year celebrated in Korea


cumpleaños

→ Italian: compleanno (partial calque)

Verb-object compound, composed of cumple (“to complete”) + años (“years”), literally “years-completer”; an event celebrating the completion of a number of years of one’s life.

es-verb-obj

Hoy es mi cumpleaños.


nones

From Latin nōnus (“ninth”).
As a day of the Roman calendar, via nōnae (“ninth days”) from the original Roman practice of counting forward to the next full or new crescent moon, the nones' occurrence 8 days before the ides of every month (9 counting inclusively) following the establishment of a fixed calendar, and from the Latin practice of treating most recurring calendrical days as plurals. Some scholars believe the name is a variant of the nundines (nūndinae fēriae (“ninth-day festival”)), the Roman market days held every eight days (9 counting inclusively), which were likely announced for each coming month by the Roman kings on the first-quarter days.
As a time of day, via the plural form of Middle English, Anglo-Norman, & French none and Latin nōna (“ninth hour”) after the manner of earlier matins, vespers, etc. As a meal, from the time of day, whether from its plural, genitive, or the occasional adverbial sense of -s.

Þa monðas þe habbað iiii nonas æfter kalendas... habbað to idus xiii dagas and to ii kalendas eahtatyne.
Those months that have 4 nones after the kalends... have 13 days to the ides and eighteen to the second kalends.

10th century, Byrhtferð of Ramsey, Enchiridion (Ashmolean MS 328), Book I, Chapter ii, Section 22

Þe caniculer dayes biginnyth in þe fiftenþe kalendis of august and endiþ in þe nonis of septembris, and so þey ben euene fifty as it is seide þere.
The canicular days begin on the fifteenth kalends of August [i.e., July 18th] and end on the nones [i.e., 5th] of September, and so they are even fifty as it is said there.

14th century, John Trevisa trans. Bartholomaeus Anglicus's De Proprietatibus Rerum, folio 119

The Roman Month its several days divides
By reckoning backwards, Calends, Nones, and Ides.

1679, J. Moxon, Mathematics made Easie, page 26:

As for the Nones, it was thought that the multitudes should avoid mass meetings then because after the kings were expelled, the Roman people particularly celebrated what they took to be Servius Tullius's birthday: because crowds notoriously thronged all the Nones—it being well-known that Servius was born on the Nones, though the exact month was uncertain—those in charge of the calendar were afraid that if the whole population gathered on a market day it might start to revolt out of yearning for the king, and so they took the precaution of keeping the Nones and market days distinct.

2011, Robert A. Kaster trans. Macrobius, Saturnalia, Book I, Chapter xiii, Section 18

[March, May, Quintilis, and October] also have their Nones on the seventh, as Numa ordained, because Julius changed nothing about them. As for January, Sextilis, and December, they still have their Nones on the fifth, though they began to have thirty-one days after Caesar added two days to each, and it is nineteen days from their Ides to the following Kalends, because in adding the two days Caesar did not want to insert them before either the Nones or the Ides, lest an unprecedented postponement mar religious observance associated with the Nones or Ides themselves, which have a fixed date.

2011, Robert A. Kaster trans. Macrobius, Saturnalia, Book I, Chapter xiv, Section 8

The interesting thing about these ceremonies is that they must have originated in a period when the Romans were using true lunar months based on the observation of the crescent moon. The Kalends then would have been the day after the evening on which the crescent had been first sighted, the Nones would have been the first day when the moon was at the first quarter... In the calendar of the late Republic the lunar months have disappeared and the days have been fixed into a rigid pattern.

2015, Agnes Kirsopp Michels, Calendar of the Roman Republic, page 21:

The third day before the nones of March is March 5th; the third nones of August is August 3rd; and the third of the nones of November is November 3rd.

(historical, often capitalized) The notional first-quarter day of a Roman month, occurring on the 7th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 5th day of all other months.

nones

8th day before the ides of a Roman month

...the same Liturgy of prayers be used both at Nones and Vespers.
[With the note:] Nones was what we call three o'clock in the afternoon.

1709, John Johnson, The Clergy-Man's Vade Mecum, Pt. II, p. 101:

From noon till nones
The brethren sate.

1805, Robert Southey, Madoc, Vol. I, xiii, 134:

(historical, sometimes capitalized) The ninth hour after dawn (about 3 pm).

(obsolete) Alternative form of noon: the sixth hour after dawn; midday (12 pm).

noon

I... ouer-seye me at my sopere and some tyme at nones.

c. 1400, William Langland, The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman (Laud MS 581), v. 378

(obsolete) Synonym of lunch: a meal eaten around noon.


fête

From Old French feste, from Late Latin fēsta, from the plural of Latin fēstum.


bauble

From Middle English bable, babel, babull, babulle, from Old French babel, baubel (“trinket, child's toy”), most likely a reduplication of bel, ultimately from Latin bellus (“pretty”).

A small shiny spherical decoration, commonly put on Christmas trees.


fest

From Middle High German fëst, from Latin festum. Cognate with German Fest.


Yule

From Middle English yol, youle, from Old English ġeōl (“Christmas, Yule”), either cognate with or from Old Norse jól, from Proto-Germanic *jehwlą. Cognate with Gothic 𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 (jiuleis); see also Old English ġēola and Old Norse ýlir.

Twelve Days of Christmas
Twelve Days of Christmas

Christmastide, the Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas (between December 25ᵗʰ and January 5ᵗʰ).


Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year

My humble Service to you, Sir Roger — Mr. Worthy, your good Health. And a merry Chriſtmas and a happy New Year to us all.

1740, Joseph Dorman, “Scene 1”, in Sir Roger de Coverly; or, The Merry Christmas, act 1, page 17:

A traditional greeting for Christmas and the new year.

traditional greeting for the Christmas and the new year

Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwejaar!

maugmang pasko asin magayagayang bagong taon

Maayong Pasko og Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig!

ᎤᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᎱᎾᏕᏘᏱᎲᏍᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᎠᏤ ᎭᏕᏘᏱᎲ

ulihelisdi hunadetiyihvsgvi ale ulihelisdi atse hadetiyihv

Vrolijk Kerstfeest en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!

frohe Weihnachten und ein glückliches neues Jahr!

mele Kalikimaka me ka hauʻoli makahiki hou!

kellemes karácsonyi ünnepeket és boldog új évet!

Nollaig Shona agus Athbhliain faoi Mhaise Duit!

Nollaig Shona agus Athbhliain faoi Mhaise Daoibh!

Ngwi pyaw ai X'mas hte shaning ningnan rai u ga!

Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!

Linksmų Šv. Kalėdų ir Laimingų Naujųjų Metų!

Schei Chreschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!

Selamat Hari Natal dan Selamat Tahun Baru!

Selamat Hari Krismas dan Selamat Tahun Baru!

တ္ၚဲခရေတ်သမာတ်ကဵုတ္ၚဲသၞာံတၟိကဵုဂွံမိပ်ဇြိပ်အာညိအဴ။

Yáʼátʼééh Késhmish dóó Baa Hózhǫ́ǫgo Nee Nínáadoohah!

laanaa yáʼátʼéehgo Késhmish, nił hózhǫ́ǫgo chʼídoohah!

Maabig ya Pasko tan Maaliguas ya Balon Taon!

wesołych Świąt i szczęśliwego Nowego Roku!

С Рождество́м Христо́вым и с Но́вым го́дом!

Nollaig Chridheil agus Bliadhna Mhath Ùr!

maligayang Pasko at manigong Bagong Taon

kiṟistumas maṟṟum iṉiya puttāṇṭu vāḻttukkaḷ

கிறிஸ்துமஸ் மற்றும் இனிய புத்தாண்டு வாழ்த்துக்கள்

Noflike Krystdagen en in protte Lok en Seine yn it Nije Jier!


Santa Claus

Borrowed from Dutch Sinterklaas (“Saint Nicholas”).


新年おめでとうございます

ja-pos

しんねん おめでとう ございます

新(しん)年(ねん)おめでとうございます • (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu)

新年おめでとうございます (canonical)
shinnen omedetō gozaimasu (romanization)


明けましておめでとうございます

ja-phrase

明けましておめでとうございます

あけまして おめでとう ございます

明(あ)けましておめでとうございます • (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu)

明けましておめでとうございます (canonical)
akemashite omedetō gozaimasu (romanization)

明けましておめでとうございます。今年もどうぞよろしく。

Akemashite omedetō gozaimasu. Kotoshi mo dōzo yoroshiku.

Happy New Year. We’ll be counting on you this year as well.


新年明けましておめでとうございます

ja-pos

しんねん あけまして おめでとう ございます

新(しん)年(ねん)明(あ)けましておめでとうございます • (shinnen akemashite omedetō gozaimasu)

新年明けましておめでとうございます (canonical)
shinnen akemashite omedetō gozaimasu (romanization)

Can be analyzed as 新年 + 明けまして + おめでとう + ございます

com

新年 + 明けまして + おめでとう + ございます


良いお年をお迎え下さい

ja-phrase

よい おとし を おむかえ ください

良(よ)いお年(とし)をお迎(むか)え下(くだ)さい • (yoi otoshi o omukae kudasai)

良いお年をお迎え下さい (canonical)
yoi otoshi o omukae kudasai (romanization)

(formal) [I, we] wish you a happy new year (literally meet a good year)


謹賀新年

ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄏㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

цзиньхэсиньнянь

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/


謹賀新年

謹賀新年 (canonical)
kinga shinnen (romanization)

[kʲĩŋɡa̠ ɕĩnːẽ̞ɴ]


midwinter

en-noun

midwinter (countable and uncountable, plural midwinters)

From Middle English midwinter, from Old English midwinter, from Proto-West Germanic *midiwintru, from Proto-Germanic *midjawintruz (“midwinter”), equivalent to mid- + winter. Cognate with West Frisian midwinter (“midwinter”), Dutch midwinter (“midwinter”), German Mittwinter (“midwinter”), Danish midvinter (“midwinter”), Swedish midvinter (“midwinter”).

The winter solstice; about December 21st or 22nd.


Xmas

en-proper noun

Xmas (countable and uncountable, plural Xmases or Xmasses)

Attested in this form since 1755, and preceded by earlier forms such as X'temmas (1551) and Old English Χp̃es mæssa (1100), from Cristes mæsse, with abbreviation of Cristes by the symbol X, orthographic borrowing from Ancient Greek Χ (Kh, letter chi), from Χριστός (Khristós, “Christ”). By surface analysis, X (“Christ”) + -mas (“holiday”). In popular use since late 19th century. See Wikipedia for more information.

surf

In ye Xmas and Whitsuntide Vacations, ye Scholars study at a rate of an hour and a Quarter each day & all yt go home have proportionable Tasks set them...

c. 1755, Bernard Ward, History of St. Edmund's college, Old Hall, page 303:

A thousand thanks, merry Xmasses & happy New Years to you for yʳ delightful letter: […]

1774 December 20, David Garrick, “Letters from David Garrick, to George Colman, the Elder”, in George Colman, the Younger, editor, Posthumous Letters, from Various Celebrated Men; Addressed to Francis Colman, and George Colman, the Elder: […], London: T[homas] Cadell and W[illiam] Davies, […]; and W[illiam] Blackwood, Edinburgh, published 1820, page 302:

On Xmas Day I breakfasted with Davy, with the intention of dining with you...

1801 December 31, Samuel Coleridge, “letter to R. Southey”, Ten Letters from Coleridge to Southey, in The Atlantic Monthly, volume 73, number 435, published 1894 January, page 66:

[…]but if you won't come here before Xmas, I very much fear we shall not meet here at all[…]

1811 September 9, George Gordon Byron, “To the Hon. Augusta Leigh”, in Rowland E. Prothero, editor, The Works of Lord Byron, volume 9, London: John Murray, published 1898, page 31:

My dear Wilkie,—we will arrange our Xmas No., please God, under the shade of the Oak Trees.

1861 June 23, Charles Dickens, “Gad's Hill Place, Higham by Rochester, Kent”, in Laurence Hutton, editor, Letters of Charles Dickens to Wilkie Collins, New York: Harper & Brothers, published 1892, page 100:

I should be very glad if you could help me in fixing on a name for my fairy-tale, which Mr. Tenniel (in consequence of your kind introduction) is now illustrating for me, and which I hope to get published before Xmas.

1864 June 10, Lewis Carroll, edited by Morton N. Cohen, The Letters of Lewis Carroll, volume 1, London: Macmillan, published 1979, page 65:

A Xmas card is a pleasant memento of a season of good will and kindly sentiment. It is a reminiscence of Xmas time. With Xmas we associate happy gatherings of friends, wintry skies without and cheerful hearths within, ice and snow to be kept in subjugation by warmth of disposition and genial affection. The Xmas cards ought to embody such traits, physical and mental.

1879 November 13, W. F. C., “Our London Letter”, in The American Stationer, volume 7, number 46, page 2:

They used to keep merry Xmasses with us in the old days when Xmas was merry, and now they come back and we share our Christmas dainties with them against our will.

1884, Louise Chandler Moulton, “John Jay’s Journey. A New Year’s Story.”, in Christian Advocate, volume 31, number 1 (whole 1483), New Orleans, La.: […] [T]he Louisiana, Mississippi and North Mississippi Conferences, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, published 1885 January 1, page 2, column 2:

[…]as well as give the Imperial spree a notice next to reading matter in the Xmas issue[…]

1885 December 10, Carlyle Smith, “Our Xmas at Windsor”, in Life, volume 6, number 154, New York, page 338:

I was greatly pleased at receiving yours, and those of your sisters, and I did not think them at all too late; for as several of the Church Festivals have their ‘Octave’ so the chief mysteries of the Faith carry a glory around their heads that sends their light in a wide circle, like the halo round the head of a pictured Saint; and so I send my ‘Many Happy Xmasses’ and ‘Many Happy New Years’ to you and yours.

1897 January 10, Aubrey [Thomas] de Vere, “[Last Years, 1886-1902] Aubrey de Vere to Walter George Smith”, in Wilfrid Ward, Aubrey de Vere: A Memoir, Based on His Unpublished Diaries and Correspondence, London, New York, N.Y., Bombay: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], published 1904, page 400:

1897 December, Standard American Publishing Co., “A Xmas gift for one dollar [advertisement]”, in The American Monthly Illustrated Review of Reviews, volume 16, number 95, page 49:

Don't let us spoil the Xmas holidays by a chore as colossal as it is disagreeable, and as disagreeable as it is unnecessary.

1913 November 18, C. S. Lewis, edited by Walter Hooper, The Collected Letters of C.S. Lewis: Family Letters, 1905-1931, New York: HarperCollins, published 2004, →ISBN, page 41:

We’re off to Gstaad today until the sth of Jan. We have chartered a large plane, I’m not quite sure what it is but it seats about 16 and is a turbo-jet. The reason is that we have so many people coming with us: Sarah, Michael, Chris, Liza, Maria, Caroline, John Something-or-other who is Simmy’s boy friend from Hawaii, and our two bad selves. Otherwise it’s going to be one of those quiet, pipe-smoking, slippered, log-fired Xmasses with a well-loved and well-remembered volume of Dickens.

1968 December 21, Richard Burton, journal; quoted in Melvyn Bragg, “1968”, in Richard Burton: A Life, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, 1988, →ISBN, pages 278–279:


midsummer

en-noun

midsummer (countable and uncountable, plural midsummers)

From Middle English midsomer, midsumer, from Old English midsumer, midsumor (“midsummer”), from Proto-West Germanic *midisumar, from Proto-Germanic *midjasumaraz (“midsummer”), equivalent to mid- + summer. Cognate with West Frisian midsimmer (“midsummer”), Dutch midzomer (“midsummer”), German Mittsommer (“midsummer”), Danish midsommer (“midsummer”), Swedish midsommar (“midsummer”), Icelandic miðsumar (“midsummer”).


Passover

Deverbal from pass over. Coined by William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536), the first translator of the Bible into modern English, as a calque of Hebrew פֶּסַח (pésakh).

⁵ In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight is the Lord's Passover. ⁶ Then on the fifteenth day of the same month there is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the Lord; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. ⁷ On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall not do any laborious work. ⁸ But for seven days you shall present an offering by fire to the Lord. On the seventh day is a holy convocation; you shall not do any laborious work.

Leviticus 23:5–6 (New American Standard Bible)

The one-day Biblical feast or festival (not a holy day) that begins at twilight at the beginning of the fourteenth day of the first month (Abib 14 / Nisan 14), during which the first-born sons of the Israelites were passed over while those of the Egyptians were killed; this feast day is then immediately followed by the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15 to 21; the first and seventh days are holy days or annual or yearly Sabbaths).


Father Christmas

en-proper noun

Father Christmas (plural Father Christmases or Father Christmasses or Fathers Christmas)

Father Christmases (plural)
Father Christmasses (plural)
Fathers Christmas (plural)

The old men who had moustaches came with their breath frozen on them, and looked like so many old Father Christmasses: although all seemed poor and were indifferently clad, they almost all looked in good health and spirits.

1879 May, “Famine Relief. Welcome Words from Shan-si in a letter from Mr. James.”, in J[ames] Hudson Taylor, editor, China’s Millions, number 47, London: Morgan and Scott, […], page 63, column 2:

Again Donna Maria’s anger was interrupted by the rising of the curtain; or, rather, diverted from Carlo’s décadent æsthetics to the extreme badness of the mise en scène, to rows of Father Christmasses and ladies in grey waterproofs, who bellowed and gesticulated as unhappy shades at the gates of hell, and the chains of thick thighed and tight waisted furies who capered about in the rose-coloured Bengal light.

1889 June, Vernon Lee [pseudonym; Violet Paget], “Orpheus in Rome: Irrelevant Talks on the Use of the Beautiful”, in The Contemporary Review, volume LV, London: Isbister and Company […], section I, page 833:

The five Father Christmases walked slowly on, oblivious alike of the children who gaped at them and the man-hunt that was taking place under their noses.

1939, Nicholas Blake [pseudonym; Cecil Day-Lewis], The Smiler with the Knife, Harper & Row, page 199:

‘Yeah, I’ve seen those things they think are gnomes,’ said Ron, bent double with his head in a peony bush. ‘Like fat little Father Christmases with fishing rods …’

1998 July 2, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], “The Burrow”, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry Potter; 2), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

At the beginning of the 1990s, therefore, Bardo moved to the current establishment, and was finally able to house his Father Christmases in the style they deserve.

2003, Piers Letcher, Eccentric France: The Bradt Guide to Mad, Magical and Marvellous France, Bradt Travel Guides; The Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 207:

At Christmas, also in 2004, members processed as Fathers Christmas, employing the slogan ‘Put the fathers back into Christmas’.

2007, Duncan Watts, Pressure Groups (Politics Study Guides), Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 122:

After the confrontation with the fictitious peer’s solution process, namely actually drawing rectangles around the Fathers Christmas’ irregular shapes, in Phase 4, another nine of the remaining 22 students (five 12–13- and four 15–16-year olds^([sic])) exchanged their initial linear answer for the correct nonlinear one.

2007, Dirk De Bock, Wim Van Dooren, Dirk Janssens, Lieven Verschaffel, The Illusion of Linearity: From Analysis to Improvement, Springer, →ISBN, page 103:

I was paid £1.92 an hour to wear a pink tutu and entertain the children waiting to see the two Father Christmases (one on either side of the grotto) as the increasingly irate families inched their way past the hour wait markers.

2011, Clare Hemmings, “Crossings”, in Kathy Davis, Mary Evans, editors, Transatlantic Conversations: Feminism as Travelling Theory, Routledge, published 2016, →ISBN, part I (Becoming a Feminist in a Transatlantic Context), page 29:

The smiling carol singers and the laughing Father Christmasses on the television seemed to make my misery more acute.

2016, Bryony Gordon, “I think I might be dying”, in Mad Girl, London: Headline Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 20:

In 1836, English artist Robert Seymour illustrated Thomas K. Hervey’s Book of Christmas with a couple of boozy, wild-haired Fathers Christmas that set the tone for the next fifty years in which the London newspapers were more likely to emphasize the good father’s drinking than anything else.

2020, Tom A. Jerman, Santa Claus Worldwide: A History of St. Nicholas and Other Holiday Gift-Bringers, McFarland & Company, →ISBN, pages 166–167:

In 1958, it was reported that for "the fourth year in succession, staff of four South London stations have combined to decorate the booking hall at Peckham Rye station". They installed a nativity scene, models of Father Christmas, and a sleigh driven by huskies, and Christmas trees were placed around the station.

2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, page 29:

(folklore) A mythical figure said to bring presents to people (especially children) at Christmas time.


inverno

it-noun

inverno m (plural inverni, pejorative invernàccio)

inverni (plural)
invernàccio (pejorative)

From Vulgar Latin *hīnbernum, a modification of Latin hībernum (tempus).