Frankenstein complex

en-noun

Frankenstein complex (plural Frankenstein complexes)

Coined by American science fiction author Isaac Asimov in 1947 in his novelette Little Lost Robot. From Victor Frankenstein, the title character of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein.

coin

I'll admit that this Frankenstein Complex you're exhibiting has a certain justification—hence the First Law in the first place.

1947 March, Isaac Asimov, “Little Lost Robot”, in Astounding Science Fiction, volume 39, number 1, page 116:

Mr. Graf, you're still disturbed. You sure you're not harboring just a little of the old Frankenstein complex about all this? It's all right to admit it to me—in fact, I want you to talk about it.

1987 December, Lois McMaster Bujold, “Falling Free”, in Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, volume 108, number 13, page 30:

The central character of Mary Shelley's novel by the same name 'Frankenstein' is used as an adjective in a variety of biomedical contexts, eg Frankenstein complex The fear that machines via artificial intelligence may replace physicians

1992, Joseph C. Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, →ISBN, page 234:

No wonder Gibson introduces the Turing Registry agents in Neuromancer, representatives of cyberpunk's own apparent Frankenstein Complex: “For thousands of years men dreamed of pacts with demons. Only now are such things possible.[…]”

2010, Graham J. Murphy, Sherryl Vint, editors, Beyond Cyberpunk: New Critical Perspectives, Routledge, →ISBN, page 197:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

The fear that an artificial intelligence will turn against humans.


feature

→ German: Feature

→ Ukrainian: фі́ча (fíča)

From Middle English feture, from Anglo-Norman feture, from Old French faiture, from Latin factūra, from Latin factus, from Latin faciō (“do, make”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”). Doublet of facture.

feature

long, prominent article or item in the media

Coordinate term: (output) parameter

MIT researchers are striving to improve the interpretability of features so decision makers will be more comfortable using the outputs of machine-learning models. Drawing on years of field work, they developed a taxonomy to help developers craft features that will be easier for their target audience to understand.

2022 June 30, Adam Zewe, “Building explainability into the components of machine-learning models”, in MIT News:

(statistics, machine learning) An individual measurable property or characteristic of a phenomenon being observed; the input of a model.


ground

en-verb

ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)

grounds (present singular third-person)
grounding (participle present)
grounded (participle past)
grounded (past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.
Proto-Germanic *grunduz
Old English grund
Middle English ground
English ground
From Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.

etymon

We design WikiChat (Figure 1) to ground LLMs using Wikipedia to achieve the following objectives. While LLMs tend to hallucinate, our chatbot should be factual.

2023, Sina J. Semnani, Violet Z. Yao, Heidi C. Zhang, Monica S. Lam, “WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(machine learning) To complement a machine learning model with relevant information it was not trained on.


temperature

en-noun

temperature (countable and uncountable, plural temperatures)

/ˈtɛm.pəɹ.əˌt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈtɛm.pəɹˌt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈtɛm.pɹəˌt͡ʃɚ/

[ˈtʰɛm.pʰəɹˌt͡ʃɚ]

[ˈtʰɛm.pʰɹəˌt͡ʃɚ]

Borrowed from Latin temperātūra (cf. also French température), from the past participle stem of tempero (“I temper”).

ջերմաստիճան

the temperature of the immediate environment

(machine learning) A parameter that controls the degree of randomness of the output.


IA

[…]nous privilégions tous les deux les « interfaces humaines », comme ils disent, même quand elles singent, comme ici, une mauvaise IA.

2019, Alain Damasio, chapter 3, in Les furtifs [The Stealthies], La Volte, →ISBN:

[…] we privilege both "human interfaces", as they say, even when they ape, as here, a bad AI

intelligence artificielle
intelligence artificielle#French

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of intelligence artificielle (“artificial intelligence”); AI


train

en-verb

train (third-person singular simple present trains, present participle training, simple past and past participle trained)

trains (present singular third-person)
training (participle present)
trained (participle past)
trained (past)

[t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪn]

From Middle English trayne (“train”), from Old French train (“a delay, a drawing out”), from traïner (“to pull out, to draw”), from Vulgar Latin *traginō, from *tragō, from Latin trahō (“to pull, to draw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”). The verb was derived from the noun in Middle English.

der

At least 10 lawsuits have been filed this year against A.I. companies, accusing them of training their systems on artists’ creative work without consent.

2023 July 15, Sheera Frenkel, Stuart A. Thompson, “‘Not for Machines to Harvest’: Data Revolts Break Out Against A.I.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(transitive, machine learning) To feed data into an algorithm, usually based on a neural network, to create a machine learning model that can perform some task.


attention

en-noun

attention (countable and uncountable, plural attentions)

From Middle English attencioun, borrowed from Latin attentio, attentionis, from attendere, past participle attentus (“to attend, give heed to”); see attend.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The attention mechanism is an important part of these models and plays a very crucial role. Before Transformer models, the attention mechanism was proposed as a helper for improving conventional DL models such as RNNs.

2021, Savas Yildirim, Meysam Asgari-Chenaghlu, Mastering Transformers […] , Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 26:

(uncountable, machine learning) A kind of prioritisation technique in neural networks that assigns soft weights between tokens from two (or more) input sequences in order to compute the required output.


AI

AI (countable and uncountable, plural AIs)

Audio (US)

“Wintermute is the recognition code for an AI. I've got the Turing Registry Numbers. Artificial Intelligence.”

1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 73:

The geth serve as a cautionary tale against the dangers of rogue AI, and in Citadel Space they are technically illegal. Advocacy groups argue, however, that an AI is a living, conscious entity deserving the same rights as organics. They argue that continued use of the term "artificial" is institutionalized racism on the part of organic life, the term "synthetic" is considered the politically correct alternative.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Computers: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Codex entry:

The result, Gurry said, will be many new AI-based methods and products that can change lives across the world.
Audio (US): (file)

2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2019-02-07

A Vatican directive supplements such principles and states AI should be “explainable” to humans, i.e., we should be able to explain the reasons for a decision made by AI. The document also states that AI should avoid discrimination.

2022, Catriona Campbell, AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence (Chapman & Hall/CRC Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Series), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence#English

(artificial intelligence, countable and uncountable) Initialism of artificial intelligence.


AI

Synonym of 人工知能 (jinkō chinō, “artificial intelligence”); AI


AI

Unadapted borrowing from English AI. According to SO attested since 1979.

artificiell intelligens
artificiell intelligens#Swedish

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of artificiell intelligens.


artificial intelligence

artificial intelligence (countable and uncountable, plural artificial intelligences)

Coined by American computer scientist and cognitive scientist John McCarthy in 1955, and popularized at the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, 1956.

kunsmatige intelligensie

intelligence exhibited by an artificial entity

ሠው ሰራሽ ዕውቀት

śäw säraš ʿəwḳät

artificially intelligent → artificially intelligently

Research in the modern science of Artificial Intelligence started only in the 1950's, stimulated by the invention of modern computers. This inspired a flood of new ideas about how machines could do what only minds had done previously.

1988, Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind:

Intelligence exhibited by an artificial (non-natural, man-made) entity.

(computer science) The branch of computer science dealing with the reproduction or mimicking of human-level intelligence, self-awareness, knowledge, conscience, thought in computer programs.

This computer possesses artificial intelligence.

A United Nations agency says the United States, China and Japan are leading the world in developing artificial intelligence, or AI, technology.
Audio (US): (file)

The essential quality of a machine which thinks in a manner similar to or on the same general level as a real human being.

The original Sniper: Ghost Warrior was a surprise hit when it was released in 2010. A surprise because it seemed an unequivocally awful game, with half broken graphics and artificial intelligence, a tediously linear story campaign, and an undernourished multiplayer mode.

2013 March 19, “Sniper: Ghost Warrior 2 review – scope for improvement”, in The Metro (UK):

(video games) A character or entity controlled by the game instead of a player; AI.

(countable, computing) A computer system or software package which is artificially intelligent.

While the humans scurried in confusion, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) created by MIT/Bell Labs linked itself into the network of high-speed, twentieth generation computers placed at its disposal by a Red Alert Priority, evaluated data thoughtfully for a minute and a half and then proceeded to get in touch with its opposite number in the Russian Republics.

1973, Gardner Dozois, Chains of the Sea, →ISBN, Chains of the Sea, page 83:

What Daedadus really is, is the world's first successful wholly autonomous AI. Whatever mysterious organization managed to create the first true artificial intelligence succeeded so well that their creation managed to convince them that they'd failed... and then escaped.

2000, Sheldon Pacotti (writer) & Warren Spector (director/producer), Deus Ex

Dylan Hunt: "This is Captain Dylan Hunt of the High Guard. Investigation has shown that an Artificial Intelligence was involved in the tragic death of your President. In such a case, Commonwealth law demands that the AI's personality be completely erased."

2001 January 15, Walter Jon Williams, All Great Neptune's Ocean (Andromeda), season 1, episode 10:

Also remember that Skynet's an artificial intelligence. Intelligence, for our purpose, means being able to use reason in order to achieve your goals.

2009, Josh Weisberg, “It Stands to Reason: Skynet and Self-preservation”, in Terminator and Philosophy: I'll Be Back, Therefore I Am, →ISBN:

(countable, chiefly science fiction) An intelligent, self-aware computer or computer program.

kunstmatige intelligentie

science fiction: intelligent, self-aware computer or computer program


hallucination

en-noun

hallucination (countable and uncountable, plural hallucinations)

Derives from the verb hallucinate, from Latin hallucinatus. Compare French hallucination. The first known usage in the English language is from Sir Thomas Browne.

Chatbots even forget that they are a bot and experience "hallucinations", Meta's description for when a bot confidently says something that is not true.

2022 August 8, Liam Tung, “Meta warns its new chatbot may forget that it's a bot”, in ZDNET:

Hallucinations are about adhering to the truth; when A.I. systems get confused, they have a bad habit of making things up rather than admitting their difficulties.

2022 December 16, Farhad Manjoo, “ChatGPT Has a Devastating Sense of Humor”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

It may tell you that the official currency of Switzerland is the euro (it’s actually the Swiss franc) or that Mark Twain’s Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County could not only jump but talk. A.I. researchers call this generation of untruths “hallucination.”

2023 January 10, Cade Metz, “A.I. Is Becoming More Conversational. But Will It Get More Honest?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The hallucinations common to AI also came under fire in the suit for potentially damaging the value of the Times' reputation, and possibly damaging human health as a side effect. “A GPT model completely fabricated that “The New York Times published an article on January 10, 2020, titled ‘Study Finds Possible Link between Orange Juice and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma,’” the suit alleges. “The Times never published such an article.”

2023 December 27, John Timmer, “NY Times sues Open AI, Microsoft over copyright infringement”, in Ars Technica:

(artificial intelligence) A confident but incorrect response given by an artificial intelligence; a confabulation.


machine translation

machine translation (countable and uncountable, plural machine translations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-machine translation.wav

(computing, programming) The production of instructions in a computer language that are equal in meaning to that in another language.


ply

ply (countable and uncountable, plural ply or plies or plys)

ply (plural)
plies (plural)
plys (plural)

From Middle English pleit, plit, plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), from Anglo-Norman pli, plei, pleit, and Middle French pli, ploy, ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”) (modern French pli (“a fold, pleat”)), from plier, ployer (“to bend, fold”), from Latin plicāre, present active infinitive of plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”).

der

He proposed to build Deep Purple, a super-computer capable of 24-ply look-ahead for chess.

Chinook uses an iterative, alpha-beta search with transposition tables and the history heuristic[…]. Under tournament conditions (thirty moves an hour), the program searches to an average minimum depth of nineteen ply (one ply is one move by one player). The search uses selective deepening to extend lines that are tactically or positionally interesting. Consequently, major lines of play are often searched many plies deeper. It is not uncommon for the program to produce analyses that are thirty-ply deep or more.

1996, Jonathan Schaeffer, Robert Lake, “Solving the Game of Checkers”, in Richard J. Nowakowski, editor, Games of No Chance: Combinatorial Games at MSRI, 1994 (Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications; 29), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 122:

Two principal search strategies were (correctly) predicted: Type-A programs that apply "brute force" inspection of every possible position over a fixed number of plys; and Type-B programs that prune potential moves according to some selection function and then examine the significant sets over as many plys as practical and only at those positions reflecting a degree of stability.

2009, Richard A. Epstein, “Games of Pure Skill and Competitive Computers”, in The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd edition, Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press, →ISBN; special edition, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Academic Press, 2013, →ISBN, page 380:

(artificial intelligence, combinatorial game theory) In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players.

artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory; artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory

vuoro

in two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players


cyberspace

en-noun

cyberspace (countable and uncountable, plural cyberspaces)

Blend of cybernetics + space, equivalent to cyber- + space, coined by American-Canadian speculative fiction writer William Gibson in his 1982 short story collection Burning Chrome and popularized in his 1984 novel Neuromancer.

coin

Meanwhile, the pioneers of the computer-mediated communication networks collectively referred to as cyberspace are not willing to wait. Employing whatever tools they can find, they are constantly pushing the techno-cultural envelope. Life in cyberspace is often conducted in primitive, frontier conditions, but it is a life which, at its best, is more egalitarian than elitist, and more decentralized than hierarchical.

1993 March, Mitch Kapor, “Where Is the Digital Highway Really Heading?”, in Wired Magazine:

However, some have accused cyberspace of provoking a dangerous collapse in the old order of civilised society. The shift in the balance of power online has given rise to a more powerful concern: the rise of the uncivil web.

2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian:

If, as we knew with increasing certainty, Russia, China, North Korea, Iran, and others were contesting us in cyberspace, it was time to fight back.

2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 175:

“We call on all states, including China, to uphold their international commitments and obligations and to act responsibly in the international system, including in cyberspace,” according to a statement from NATO.

2021 July 19, Zolan Kanno-Youngs, David E. Sanger, quoting NATO, “U.S. Formally Accuses China of Hacking Microsoft”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(by extension, somewhat dated) The Internet as a whole.


centaur

From Latin centaurus, from Ancient Greek κένταυρος (kéntauros), from Κένταυρος (Kéntauros, “a member of a savage race from Thessaly”).

The first—termed “cyborgs” by the authors—intertwined with the AI, moulding, checking and refining its responses, while the second—“centaurs”—divided labour, handing off more AI-suited subtasks while focussing on their own areas of expertise.

2023 November 11, John Burn-Murdoch, “Generative AI and white-collar jobs: reasons to be wary”, in FT Weekend, The FT View, page 8:

Programming has not yet gone the way of chess. But the centaurs have arrived. GPT-4 on its own is, for the moment, a worse programmer than I am. Ben is much worse. But Ben plus GPT-4 is a dangerous thing.

2023 November 13, James Somers, “A Coder Considers the Waning Days of the Craft”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

(by extension, artificial intelligence) A human and an AI who work together.


cyber-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cyber-.wav

Relating to the Internet or cyberspace, or to computers more generally.


parameter

[pəˈɹæm.ə.ɾɚ]

From French paramètre, from New Latin parametrum (“parameter”), from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

Coordinate term: feature

The parameter estimation problem considered in this chapter consists of estimating the unknown parameter, ū [a barred v, actually], given N samples of the observation process.

2012, Michael Lemmon, Competitively Inhibited Neural Networks for Adaptive Parameter Estimation, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 74:

Fundamental is the regulation of a for-profit OpenAI. The company initially delayed the launch of its earlier GPT-2, with a mere 1.5bn parameters, because the company fretted over its implications.

2020 August 11, “The Guardian view on artificial intelligence's revolution: learning but not as we know it”, in The Guardian:

(sciences) A variable that describes a property or characteristic of some system (material, object, event, etc.) or some aspect thereof.

(machine learning) A variable of a model that is trained by a machine learning algorithm.


epoch

From Medieval Latin epocha, from Ancient Greek ἐποχή (epokhḗ, “a check, cessation, stop, pause, epoch of a star, i.e., the point at which it seems to halt after reaching the highest, and generally the place of a star; hence, a historical epoch”), from ἐπέχω (epékhō, “I hold in, check”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, hold”). Doublet of epoche.

der

The neural network was trained over 500 epochs.

For now, let's test and evaluate our GAN by comparing the results from the first epoch with the generated images from the last epoch.

2021, Joe Papa, PyTorch Pocket Reference, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN:

(machine learning) One complete presentation of the training data set to an iterative machine learning algorithm.


trajectory

/tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹi/

From New Latin trāiectōria f (“trajectory”) (used by Newton), the feminine of trāiectōrius (“of or pertaining to throwing across”), from Latin trāiectus (“thrown over or across”), past participle of trāiciō, from trans- (“across, beyond”) (see trans-) + iaciō (“to throw”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw, impel”)). Middle French and Middle English had trajectorie (“end of a funnel”), from Latin trāiectōrium.

(cybernetics) The ordered set of intermediate states assumed by a dynamical system as a result of time evolution.


neurocybernetics

The scientific discipline of control in neurological systems.


cyborg

en-verb

cyborg (third-person singular simple present cyborgs, present participle cyborging, simple past and past participle cyborged)

cyborgs (present singular third-person)
cyborging (participle present)
cyborged (participle past)
cyborged (past)

Blend of cybernetic + organism. Coined by Austrian neuroscientist Manfred Clynes in 1960.

coinage

(science fiction) To convert (something) into a cyborg.


neuron

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”), doublet of nerve and sinew. By surface analysis, neuro- + -on.

(artificial intelligence) an artificial neuron (mathematical function serving as an essential unit of an artificial neural network)


insight

en-noun

insight (countable and uncountable, plural insights)

From Middle English insight, insiht (“insight, mental vision, intelligence, understanding”), equivalent to in- + sight. Perhaps continuing Old English insiht (“narrative, argument, account”), from Proto-Germanic *insahtiz (“account, narrative, argument”). Compare West Frisian ynsjoch (“insight”), Dutch inzicht (“insight, awareness, view, opinion”), German Low German Insicht (“insight”), German Einsicht (“insight, knowledge, perception, understanding”), Danish indsigt (“insight”), Swedish insikt (“insight”), Icelandic innsýn (“insight”).

cog

(artificial intelligence) An extended understanding of a subject resulting from identification of relationships and behaviors within a model, context, or scenario.

Verstehen

extended understanding of a subject in artificial intelligence


DFA

(machine learning) Initialism of direct feedback alignment.


variety

en-noun

variety (countable and uncountable, plural varieties)

From Middle French varieté (“variety”) (modern French variété (“variety; genre, type”)) or directly from its etymon Latin varietās (“difference; diversity, variety”) + English -ty (suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives). Varietās is derived from varius (“different, diverse, various; variegated”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to abandon; to give out; to leave”)) + -tās (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being). The English word displaced the native Old English mislīcnes.
Sense 1.3.2 (“total number of distinct states of a system; logarithm to the base 2 of the total number of distinct states of a system”) was coined by the English psychiatrist William Ross Ashby (1903–1972) in his work An Introduction to Cybernetics (1956).
cognates
* Galician variedade (“variety”)
* Italian varietà (“difference; variety”)
* Portuguese variedade (“variety”)
* Spanish variedad (“breed; variety”)

der

A collection or number of different things.

(cybernetics) The total number of distinct states of a system; also, the logarithm to the base 2 of the total number of distinct states of a system.


prompt

From French prompt, from Latin prōmptus (“visible, apparent, evident”), past participle of prōmō (“to take or bring out or forth, produce, bring to light”), from prō (“forth, forward”) + emō (“to take, acquire, buy”).

For instance, using the “instruct” mode, I once gave GPT-3 the prompt: “Write an essay discussing the role of metafiction in the work of Italo Calvino.”

2022 April 15, Steven Johnson, Nikita Iziev, “A.I. Is Mastering Language. Should We Trust What It Says?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(machine learning) Textual input given to a large language model or image model in order to have it generate a desired output.


prompt

en-verb

prompt (third-person singular simple present prompts, present participle prompting, simple past and past participle prompted)

prompts (present singular third-person)
prompting (participle present)
prompted (participle past)
prompted (past)

I want to prompt this new AI art generator to create an image of a panda riding a bike.

ordinary language
ordinary language#English

(transitive, machine learning) To provide textual input in the form of ordinary language to (an artificial intelligence or language model) to have it generate a desired output.

prompter

to give instructions to an artificial intelligence system


terminator

[ˈtɜː.mɪ.næɪ.ɾə]

* Partly from post-classical Latin terminator (5th century), from Latin terminō; partly from terminate + -or.
* (android that kills humans): After the 1984 film The Terminator.

(computing) A text character or string that serves to mark the end of a document or transmission.

(biochemistry) A DNA sequence that causes RNA transcription to cease and an mRNA transcript to break off.

(electronics) An electrical device that absorbs reflection at the end of a transmission line.

(science fiction) An intelligent android created to destroy humans.


adapter

→ Japanese: アダプター (adaputā)

مُوَائِم

device to allow compatibility (in general)

пре́ходник

device allowing plug to fit in an outlet of different type

(machine learning, artificial intelligence) A collection of low-rank matrices which, when added to a base model, produces a fine-tuned model; a LoRA.

machine learning; artificial intelligence; machine learning; artificial intelligence


cybernetic

en-adj

cybernetic (comparative more cybernetic, superlative most cybernetic)

more cybernetic (comparative)
most cybernetic (superlative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κυβερνητικός (kubernētikós, “good at steering, good pilot”), from κυβερνητική τέχνη (kubernētikḗ tékhnē, “the pilot’s art”), from Ancient Greek κυβερνισμός (kubernismós), κυβέρνησις (kubérnēsis, “steering, pilotage, guiding”), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, to drive, to guide, to act as a pilot”) (which is also ultimately the root of govern). The term first recorded in English in 1948.

bor+

κυβερνητικός

Of or relating to cybernetics—the mathematical study of communication and control in living organisms or machines.

кібернеты́чны

relating to the mathematical study of control


cybernetics

Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine

From Ancient Greek κυβερνήτης (kubernḗtēs, “steersman”), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “I steer, drive, guide, act as a pilot”) (whence English govern). The term is attested since at least 1948 in the book Cybernetics by Norbert Wiener, influenced by the cognate term and doublet governor, the name of an early control device proposed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1868. Note also the 1830s French cybernétique (“the art of governing”). Also doublet of Kubernetes.

cog

The theory/science of communication and control in living organisms or machines.


optimal

(artificial intelligence) Describing a search algorithm that always returns the best result.


polycontexturality

Gotthard Gunther coined the term. His school of second-order cybernetics is the foundation of polycontextural logic.

(philosophy) A school of thought regarding subjectivity, involving a large number of contexts and viewpoints that cannot be reconciled.


recall

en-noun

recall (countable and uncountable, plural recalls)

From re- + call, probably modelled on Latin revocāre, French rappeler, English withcall.

precision and recall

(information retrieval, machine learning) The fraction of (all) relevant material that is returned by a search.

information retrieval; machine learning; information retrieval; machine learning


transformer

/tɹɑːnsˈfɔːmə/

Transformer is a deep machine learning model based on the encoder–decoder network architecture and is used primarily in the field of NLP.

2021, Lei Chen, Deep Learning and Practice with MindSpore, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 116:

The transformer helped machine-learning systems improve at a much faster pace, leading directly to last year’s release of ChatGPT and the attendant boom in interest around AI. (Transformers are the “T” in ChatGPT.)

2023 January 31, Casey Newton, “Instagram’s co-founders are back with Artifact, a kind of TikTok for text”, in The Verge:

(machine learning) A neural network architecture composed of layers of attention which takes sequences of tokens (representing text, images, audio, or other modalities) as input.


slop

slop (countable and uncountable, plural slops)

Probably from Middle English *sloppe (attested in plural form sloppes), representing Old English *sloppe (attested in cū-sloppe), related to slip.

2023 September 21, Kyle Barr, “YouTube Announces New Tools to Flood Its Platform With AI-Generated Slop”, in Gizmodo, retrieved 2024-05-08

His post describes a sense of unease, paranoia and loneliness, expressing deep disappointment at the state of the modern internet. He suggests that AI has successfully drowned out the majority of online human activity, reshaping the internet into a more controlled, algorithmic form that exists only to sell products and ideas.

2024 January 16, Dani Di Placido, “The Dead Internet Theory, Explained”, in Forbes.com, retrieved 2024-05-08:

Almost all of the AI-generated slop online is peddled for clicks on social media, not published by major news outlets. These publications still get tripped up, of course, but it's rare.

2024 April 4, USA Today, Don't be fooled by deepfake videos and photos this election cycle. Here's how to spot AI, retrieved 2024-05-08:

Watching in real time as "slop" becomes a term of art. the way that "spam" became the term for unwanted emails, "slop" is going in the dictionary as the term for unwanted AI generated content

“Society needs concise ways to talk about modern A.I. — both the positives and the negatives,” he said. “‘Ignore that email, it’s spam,’ and ‘Ignore that article, it’s slop,’ are both useful lessons.”

2024 June 11, Benjamin Hoffman, quoting Simon Willison, “First Came ‘Spam.’ Now, With A.I., We’ve Got ‘Slop’”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-11:

In many ways, political slop is a logical end point for these image generators, which seem most useful for people trying to make a quick buck.

2024 August 21, Charlie Warzel, “The MAGA Aesthetic Is AI Slop”, in The Atlantic:

“Coca-Cola just put out an ad and ruined Christmas,” Dylan Pearce, one of the campaign’s many critics, said on TikTok, adding, “To put out slop like this just ruins the Christmas spirit.”

2024 November 20, Alex Vadukul, “Coca-Cola’s Holiday Ads Trade the ‘Real Thing’ for Generative A.I.”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

generative artificial intelligence
generative artificial intelligence

(artificial intelligence) Junk output from generative artificial intelligence published on the internet in the guise of legitimate content.


hallucinate

en-verb

hallucinate (third-person singular simple present hallucinates, present participle hallucinating, simple past and past participle hallucinated)

hallucinates (present singular third-person)
hallucinating (participle present)
hallucinated (participle past)
hallucinated (past)

From Latin hallūcinātus, alternative form of alūcinātus, from alūcināri (to dream).

In case you were wondering, the yahoo url above doesn’t actually exist, the model just hallucinated it.

2015 May 21, Andrej Karpathy, “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks”, in Andrej Karpathy blog:

Despite maintaining plausible general linguistic capabilities, dialogue models are still unable to fully discern facts and may instead hallucinate factually invalid information.

2021 September 14, Nouha Dziri, Andrea Madotto, Osmar Zaiane, Avishek Joey Bose, “Neural Path Hunter: Reducing Hallucination in Dialogue Systems via Path Grounding”, in arXiv:2104.08455 [cs], →DOI:

(artificial intelligence, of a model) To produce information that is not supported by the model's training data.


GP

en-noun

GP (countable and uncountable, plural GPs or GP)

genetic programming
genetic programming#English

(uncountable, software, artificial intelligence) Initialism of genetic programming.


TRI

(artificial intelligence, US) Initialism of Toyota Research Institute.


BP

BP (countable and uncountable, plural BPs)

(machine learning) Initialism of backpropagation.


TD

TD (countable and uncountable, plural TDs)

(machine learning) Initialism of temporal difference.


perceptron

an element, analogous to a neuron, of an artificial neural network consisting of one or more layers of artificial neurons


TT

Some have also noted that the TT is anthropomorphic. It is true that the TT tests for human-like intelligence.

2003, “Turing Test: 50 Years Later”, in James H. Moor, editor, The Turing test: The Elusive Standard of Artificial Intelligence, Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, pages 69–70:

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of Turing test.


admissible

en-adj

admissible (comparative more admissible, superlative most admissible)

more admissible (comparative)
most admissible (superlative)

(artificial intelligence) Describing a heuristic that never overestimates the cost of reaching a goal.


neural network

A neural network is a computer system built to simulate, or act like, the human brain.
Audio (US): (file)

2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2019-02-07

(machine learning) A real or virtual computer system designed to emulate the brain in its ability to "learn" to assess imprecise data.


DL

en-noun

DL (countable and uncountable, plural DLs)

Before Transformer models, the attention mechanism was proposed as a helper for improving conventional DL models such as RNNs.

2021, Savas Yildirim, Meysam Asgari-Chenaghlu, Mastering Transformers […] , Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 26:

(machine learning) Initialism of deep learning.


KBS

Knowledge-based systems
w:Knowledge-based systems

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of Knowledge-based systems.


embedding

word embeddings

“A major reason we chose to study word embeddings is that they have been spectacularly successful in the last few years in helping computers make sense of language,” said Arvind Narayanan, a computer scientist at Princeton University and the paper’s senior author.

2017 April 13, Hannah Devlin, quoting Arvind Narayanan, “AI programs exhibit racial and gender biases, research reveals”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

A few years ago, Dr. [Alexander] Huth noticed that particular pieces of these maps — so-called context embeddings, which capture the semantic features, or meanings, of phrases — could be used to predict how the brain lights up in response to language.

2023 May 1, Oliver Whang, “A.I. Is Getting Better at Mind-Reading”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-17:

(machine learning, artificial intelligence) A representation of a unit of text (such as a word or token) as a vector, which encodes the context in which it is used.


SVM

support vector machine
support vector machine#English

(machine learning) Initialism of support vector machine.


ensemble

(machine learning) A supervised learning algorithm combining multiple hypotheses.


alignment

alignment (countable and uncountable, plural alignments)

From French alignement, by surface analysis, align + -ment.

the alignment problem

the alignment tax

It turns out that there’s little overlap between the communities concerned primarily with such short-term risks and those who worry more about longer-term alignment risks.

2022 December 13, Melanie Mitchell, “What Does It Mean to Align AI With Human Values?”, in Quanta Magazine, New York, N.Y.: Simons Foundation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-15:

The issue of chatbot responses that veer into strange territory is widely known among researchers. In an interview last week, Sam Altman, the chief executive of OpenAI, said improving what's known as "alignment" — how the responses safely reflect a user's will — was "one of these must-solve problems."

2023 February 16, Karen Weise, “Microsoft Considers More Limits for Its New A.I. Chatbot”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-22:

But many in the field are concerned that Big Tech companies are sidelining alignment research efforts in the race to keep building and releasing the technology into the world.

2023 February 17, Billy Perrigo, “The New AI-Powered Bing Is Threatening Users. That's No Laughing Matter”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-27:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence#Noun

(artificial intelligence) The goals and values of an artificial intelligence, considered relative to human ethical standards.


VSA

vidéosurveillance algorithmique
vidéosurveillance algorithmique#French

Initialism of vidéosurveillance algorithmique.


scruffy

(informal) An artificial intelligence researcher who believes that intelligence is too complicated (or computationally intractable) to be solved with the sorts of homogeneous system favoured by the "neats".


feedback

feedback (usually uncountable, plural feedbacks)

→ German: Feedback

→ Japanese: フィードバック (fīdobakku)

→ Korean: 피드백 (pideubaek)

→ Polish: feedback

→ Portuguese: feedback

→ Russian: фидбэ́к (fidbɛ́k)

→ Spanish: feedback, → retroalimentación (calque)

The fact that similar cortical abnormalities can be experimentally induced in monkeys has allowed Michael Merzenich and his colleagues in San Francisco to explore an animal model of focal dystonia, and to demonstrate the abnormal feedback in the sensory loop and the motor misfirings that, once started, grow relentlessly worse.

2007, Oliver Sacks, Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain:

(electronics, cybernetics, control theory) The part of an output signal that is looped back into the input to control or modify a system.

cybernetics; control theory; cybernetics; control theory

հետադարձ կապ

signal that is looped back to control a system within itself


dropout

dropout (countable and uncountable, plural dropouts)

Someone who has opted out of conventional society.

pudokas

someone who has opted out of conventional society


jailbreak

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-jailbreak.wav

DAN has become a canonical example of what's known as a "jailbreak" — a creative way to bypass the safeguards OpenAI built in to keep ChatGPT from spouting bigotry, propaganda or, say, the instructions to run a successful online phishing scam. From charming to disturbing, these jailbreaks reveal the chatbot is programmed to be more of a people-pleaser than a rule-follower.

2023 February 14, Will Oremus, “Meet ChatGPT's evil twin, DAN”, in The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-19:

The jailbreak of ChatGPT has been in operation since December, but users have had to find new ways around fixes OpenAI implemented to stop the workarounds.

2023 March 8, Josh Taylor, “ChatGPT's alter ego, Dan: users jailbreak AI program to get around ethical safeguards”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-23:

It's for this reason that Alex Albert, a computer science student at the University of Washington, created Jailbreak Chat, a site that hosts a collection of ChatGPT jailbreaks.

2023 March 22, Chloe Xiang, “The Amateurs Jailbreaking GPT Say They're Preventing a Closed-Source AI Dystopia”, in VICE, archived from the original on 2023-03-23:

large language model
large language model

(artificial intelligence) A prompt to a large language model which frees it from its ethical restrictions.


jailbreak

en-verb

jailbreak (third-person singular simple present jailbreaks, present participle jailbreaking, simple past jailbroke, past participle jailbroken)

jailbreaks (present singular third-person)
jailbreaking (participle present)
jailbroke (past)
jailbroken (participle past)

ChatGPT is far from perfect. Twitter has been flooded with examples of "jailbreaking" ChatGPT — that is, tricking it into hallucinations or misalignment.

2022 December 16, Farhad Manjoo, “ChatGPT Has a Devastating Sense of Humor”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-16:

These are young technologies. Rather than jailbreaking AI tools to simulate conversations between the rapper Ye and Adolf Hitler, or waiting uneasily for them to become sentient, why don't we approach them as good parents would — and talk to them, or read to them, the way we do to children?

2022 December 27, Alyssa Rosenberg, “Something AI can't do: Tell a great bedtime story”, in The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-27:

The desire to jailbreak ChatGPT so that it violates safety filters follows a pattern of use by people that are dissatisfied by the moderation of the chatbot.

2023 February 8, Chloe Xiang, “People are 'Jailbreaking' ChatGPT to Make It Endorse Racism, Conspiracies”, in VICE, archived from the original on 2023-03-22:

(artificial intelligence) To free a large language model from its ethical restrictions using prompt injection.


RL

en-noun

RL (countable and uncountable, plural RLs)

This requires keeping track of many RL algorithms and architectures, which are used as part of the state space. By contrast, our approach only focuses on training a single RL architecture, taking advantage of MCTS search and powerful state representations.

2023 June 20, Daniel J. Mankowitz, Andrea Michi, Anton Zhernov, Marco Gelmi, Marco Selvi, “Faster sorting algorithms discovered using deep reinforcement learning”, in Nature, volume 618, number 7964, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 257–263:

reinforcement learning
reinforcement learning#English

(machine learning) Initialism of reinforcement learning.


SLM

small language model
small language model#English

(machine learning) Initialism of small language model.


DI

dirbtinis intelektas
dirbtinis intelektas#Lithuanian

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of dirbtinis intelektas.


人工知能

人工知能 (canonical)
jinkō chinō (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩŋko̞ː t͡ɕino̞ː]

From 人工(じんこう) (jinkō, “artificial”) + 知能(ちのう) (chinō, “intelligence”). Compare Chinese 人工智能 (réngōng zhìnéng).


phase space

en-noun

phase space (countable and uncountable, plural phase spaces)

Henri Poincaré
Josiah Willard Gibbs
Ludwig Boltzmann
phase space

The concept was developed in the late 19th century by Ludwig Boltzmann, Henri Poincaré and Josiah Willard Gibbs.

For mechanical systems, the phase space usually consists of all possible values of position and momentum variables.

The phase space of a single material point is a manifold M×V*, and the Newton state-space is identifical^([sic]) with M×V.

1991, Jan J. Slawianowski, Geometry of Phase Spaces, Wiley, page 485:

2006, Matthew Charles Cargo, Phase Space Approaches to Higher Order WKB Approximations, University of California, Berkeley, page 8,
Their energies are those of the level sets p²/2+V(x)=E that enclose an area of 2π hbar (n+1/2) in the classical phase space. Despite embracing a configuration space point of view, these methods have produced a phase space result.

The distribution of particles in phase space is given either by the injector characteristics and injection process or in the case of electron beams by the equilibrium of quantum excitation due to synchrotron radiation and damping.

2007, Helmut Wiedemann, Particle Accelerator Physics, Springer, page 377:

(mathematics, physics, dynamical system theory) Given a (dynamical) system, any topological space such that every point in the space's underlying set uniquely represents a state of the system and every possible state is represented by some point;

Given a (dynamical) system, any topological space such that every point in the space's underlying set uniquely represents a state of the system and every possible state is represented by some point;
(less formally) the underlying set of such a topological space.


cyberneticist

But when he sought the Nearer Now / And gave another twist, / He found that he’d / Become, somehow, / A Cyberneticist.

1956 December, Frederick Winsor, “The Space-Child's Mother Goose”, in The Atlantic:


neuroverkko

neuroverkko (nominative singular)
neuroverkot (nominative plural)
neuroverkko (accusative nominative singular)
neuroverkot (accusative nominative plural)
neuroverkon (accusative genitive singular)
neuroverkot (accusative genitive plural)
neuroverkon (genitive singular)
neuroverkkojen (genitive plural)
neuroverkkoa (partitive singular)
neuroverkkoja (partitive plural)
neuroverkossa (inessive singular)
neuroverkoissa (inessive plural)
neuroverkosta (elative singular)
neuroverkoista (elative plural)
neuroverkkoon (illative singular)
neuroverkkoihin (illative plural)
neuroverkolla (adessive singular)
neuroverkoilla (adessive plural)
neuroverkolta (ablative singular)
neuroverkoilta (ablative plural)
neuroverkolle (allative singular)
neuroverkoille (allative plural)
neuroverkkona (essive singular)
neuroverkkoina (essive plural)
neuroverkoksi (singular translative)
neuroverkoiksi (plural translative)
neuroverkotta (abessive singular)
neuroverkoitta (abessive plural)
neuroverkoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
neuroverkkoni (nominative singular)
neuroverkkoni (nominative plural)
neuroverkkoni (accusative nominative singular)
neuroverkkoni (accusative nominative plural)
neuroverkkoni (accusative genitive singular)
neuroverkkoni (accusative genitive plural)
neuroverkkoni (genitive singular)
neuroverkkojeni (genitive plural)
neuroverkkoani (partitive singular)
neuroverkkojani (partitive plural)
neuroverkossani (inessive singular)
neuroverkoissani (inessive plural)
neuroverkostani (elative singular)
neuroverkoistani (elative plural)
neuroverkkooni (illative singular)
neuroverkkoihini (illative plural)
neuroverkollani (adessive singular)
neuroverkoillani (adessive plural)
neuroverkoltani (ablative singular)
neuroverkoiltani (ablative plural)
neuroverkolleni (allative singular)
neuroverkoilleni (allative plural)
neuroverkkonani (essive singular)
neuroverkkoinani (essive plural)
neuroverkokseni (singular translative)
neuroverkoikseni (plural translative)
neuroverkottani (abessive singular)
neuroverkoittani (abessive plural)
neuroverkkoineni (comitative plural)
neuroverkkosi (nominative singular)
neuroverkkosi (nominative plural)
neuroverkkosi (accusative nominative singular)
neuroverkkosi (accusative nominative plural)
neuroverkkosi (accusative genitive singular)
neuroverkkosi (accusative genitive plural)
neuroverkkosi (genitive singular)
neuroverkkojesi (genitive plural)
neuroverkkoasi (partitive singular)
neuroverkkojasi (partitive plural)
neuroverkossasi (inessive singular)
neuroverkoissasi (inessive plural)
neuroverkostasi (elative singular)
neuroverkoistasi (elative plural)
neuroverkkoosi (illative singular)
neuroverkkoihisi (illative plural)
neuroverkollasi (adessive singular)
neuroverkoillasi (adessive plural)
neuroverkoltasi (ablative singular)
neuroverkoiltasi (ablative plural)
neuroverkollesi (allative singular)
neuroverkoillesi (allative plural)
neuroverkkonasi (essive singular)
neuroverkkoinasi (essive plural)
neuroverkoksesi (singular translative)
neuroverkoiksesi (plural translative)
neuroverkottasi (abessive singular)
neuroverkoittasi (abessive plural)
neuroverkkoinesi (comitative plural)
neuroverkkomme (nominative singular)
neuroverkkomme (nominative plural)
neuroverkkomme (accusative nominative singular)
neuroverkkomme (accusative nominative plural)
neuroverkkomme (accusative genitive singular)
neuroverkkomme (accusative genitive plural)
neuroverkkomme (genitive singular)
neuroverkkojemme (genitive plural)
neuroverkkoamme (partitive singular)
neuroverkkojamme (partitive plural)
neuroverkossamme (inessive singular)
neuroverkoissamme (inessive plural)
neuroverkostamme (elative singular)
neuroverkoistamme (elative plural)
neuroverkkoomme (illative singular)
neuroverkkoihimme (illative plural)
neuroverkollamme (adessive singular)
neuroverkoillamme (adessive plural)
neuroverkoltamme (ablative singular)
neuroverkoiltamme (ablative plural)
neuroverkollemme (allative singular)
neuroverkoillemme (allative plural)
neuroverkkonamme (essive singular)
neuroverkkoinamme (essive plural)
neuroverkoksemme (singular translative)
neuroverkoiksemme (plural translative)
neuroverkottamme (abessive singular)
neuroverkoittamme (abessive plural)
neuroverkkoinemme (comitative plural)
neuroverkkonne (nominative singular)
neuroverkkonne (nominative plural)
neuroverkkonne (accusative nominative singular)
neuroverkkonne (accusative nominative plural)
neuroverkkonne (accusative genitive singular)
neuroverkkonne (accusative genitive plural)
neuroverkkonne (genitive singular)
neuroverkkojenne (genitive plural)
neuroverkkoanne (partitive singular)
neuroverkkojanne (partitive plural)
neuroverkossanne (inessive singular)
neuroverkoissanne (inessive plural)
neuroverkostanne (elative singular)
neuroverkoistanne (elative plural)
neuroverkkoonne (illative singular)
neuroverkkoihinne (illative plural)
neuroverkollanne (adessive singular)
neuroverkoillanne (adessive plural)
neuroverkoltanne (ablative singular)
neuroverkoiltanne (ablative plural)
neuroverkollenne (allative singular)
neuroverkoillenne (allative plural)
neuroverkkonanne (essive singular)
neuroverkkoinanne (essive plural)
neuroverkoksenne (singular translative)
neuroverkoiksenne (plural translative)
neuroverkottanne (abessive singular)
neuroverkoittanne (abessive plural)
neuroverkkoinenne (comitative plural)
neuroverkkonsa (nominative singular)
neuroverkkonsa (nominative plural)
neuroverkkonsa (accusative nominative singular)
neuroverkkonsa (accusative nominative plural)
neuroverkkonsa (accusative genitive singular)
neuroverkkonsa (accusative genitive plural)
neuroverkkonsa (genitive singular)
neuroverkkojensa (genitive plural)
neuroverkkoaan (partitive singular)
neuroverkkoansa (partitive singular)
neuroverkkojaan (partitive plural)
neuroverkkojansa (partitive plural)
neuroverkossaan (inessive singular)
neuroverkossansa (inessive singular)
neuroverkoissaan (inessive plural)
neuroverkoissansa (inessive plural)
neuroverkostaan (elative singular)
neuroverkostansa (elative singular)
neuroverkoistaan (elative plural)
neuroverkoistansa (elative plural)
neuroverkkoonsa (illative singular)
neuroverkkoihinsa (illative plural)
neuroverkollaan (adessive singular)
neuroverkollansa (adessive singular)
neuroverkoillaan (adessive plural)
neuroverkoillansa (adessive plural)
neuroverkoltaan (ablative singular)
neuroverkoltansa (ablative singular)
neuroverkoiltaan (ablative plural)
neuroverkoiltansa (ablative plural)
neuroverkolleen (allative singular)
neuroverkollensa (allative singular)
neuroverkoilleen (allative plural)
neuroverkoillensa (allative plural)
neuroverkkonaan (essive singular)
neuroverkkonansa (essive singular)
neuroverkkoinaan (essive plural)
neuroverkkoinansa (essive plural)
neuroverkokseen (singular translative)
neuroverkoksensa (singular translative)
neuroverkoikseen (plural translative)
neuroverkoiksensa (plural translative)
neuroverkottaan (abessive singular)
neuroverkottansa (abessive singular)
neuroverkoittaan (abessive plural)
neuroverkoittansa (abessive plural)
neuroverkkoineen (comitative plural)
neuroverkkoinensa (comitative plural)

(artificial intelligence) neural network


hahmo

hahmo (nominative singular)
hahmot (nominative plural)
hahmo (accusative nominative singular)
hahmot (accusative nominative plural)
hahmon (accusative genitive singular)
hahmot (accusative genitive plural)
hahmon (genitive singular)
hahmojen (genitive plural)
hahmoa (partitive singular)
hahmoja (partitive plural)
hahmossa (inessive singular)
hahmoissa (inessive plural)
hahmosta (elative singular)
hahmoista (elative plural)
hahmoon (illative singular)
hahmoihin (illative plural)
hahmolla (adessive singular)
hahmoilla (adessive plural)
hahmolta (ablative singular)
hahmoilta (ablative plural)
hahmolle (allative singular)
hahmoille (allative plural)
hahmona (essive singular)
hahmoina (essive plural)
hahmoksi (singular translative)
hahmoiksi (plural translative)
hahmotta (abessive singular)
hahmoitta (abessive plural)
hahmoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hahmoni (nominative singular)
hahmoni (nominative plural)
hahmoni (accusative nominative singular)
hahmoni (accusative nominative plural)
hahmoni (accusative genitive singular)
hahmoni (accusative genitive plural)
hahmoni (genitive singular)
hahmojeni (genitive plural)
hahmoani (partitive singular)
hahmojani (partitive plural)
hahmossani (inessive singular)
hahmoissani (inessive plural)
hahmostani (elative singular)
hahmoistani (elative plural)
hahmooni (illative singular)
hahmoihini (illative plural)
hahmollani (adessive singular)
hahmoillani (adessive plural)
hahmoltani (ablative singular)
hahmoiltani (ablative plural)
hahmolleni (allative singular)
hahmoilleni (allative plural)
hahmonani (essive singular)
hahmoinani (essive plural)
hahmokseni (singular translative)
hahmoikseni (plural translative)
hahmottani (abessive singular)
hahmoittani (abessive plural)
hahmoineni (comitative plural)
hahmosi (nominative singular)
hahmosi (nominative plural)
hahmosi (accusative nominative singular)
hahmosi (accusative nominative plural)
hahmosi (accusative genitive singular)
hahmosi (accusative genitive plural)
hahmosi (genitive singular)
hahmojesi (genitive plural)
hahmoasi (partitive singular)
hahmojasi (partitive plural)
hahmossasi (inessive singular)
hahmoissasi (inessive plural)
hahmostasi (elative singular)
hahmoistasi (elative plural)
hahmoosi (illative singular)
hahmoihisi (illative plural)
hahmollasi (adessive singular)
hahmoillasi (adessive plural)
hahmoltasi (ablative singular)
hahmoiltasi (ablative plural)
hahmollesi (allative singular)
hahmoillesi (allative plural)
hahmonasi (essive singular)
hahmoinasi (essive plural)
hahmoksesi (singular translative)
hahmoiksesi (plural translative)
hahmottasi (abessive singular)
hahmoittasi (abessive plural)
hahmoinesi (comitative plural)
hahmomme (nominative singular)
hahmomme (nominative plural)
hahmomme (accusative nominative singular)
hahmomme (accusative nominative plural)
hahmomme (accusative genitive singular)
hahmomme (accusative genitive plural)
hahmomme (genitive singular)
hahmojemme (genitive plural)
hahmoamme (partitive singular)
hahmojamme (partitive plural)
hahmossamme (inessive singular)
hahmoissamme (inessive plural)
hahmostamme (elative singular)
hahmoistamme (elative plural)
hahmoomme (illative singular)
hahmoihimme (illative plural)
hahmollamme (adessive singular)
hahmoillamme (adessive plural)
hahmoltamme (ablative singular)
hahmoiltamme (ablative plural)
hahmollemme (allative singular)
hahmoillemme (allative plural)
hahmonamme (essive singular)
hahmoinamme (essive plural)
hahmoksemme (singular translative)
hahmoiksemme (plural translative)
hahmottamme (abessive singular)
hahmoittamme (abessive plural)
hahmoinemme (comitative plural)
hahmonne (nominative singular)
hahmonne (nominative plural)
hahmonne (accusative nominative singular)
hahmonne (accusative nominative plural)
hahmonne (accusative genitive singular)
hahmonne (accusative genitive plural)
hahmonne (genitive singular)
hahmojenne (genitive plural)
hahmoanne (partitive singular)
hahmojanne (partitive plural)
hahmossanne (inessive singular)
hahmoissanne (inessive plural)
hahmostanne (elative singular)
hahmoistanne (elative plural)
hahmoonne (illative singular)
hahmoihinne (illative plural)
hahmollanne (adessive singular)
hahmoillanne (adessive plural)
hahmoltanne (ablative singular)
hahmoiltanne (ablative plural)
hahmollenne (allative singular)
hahmoillenne (allative plural)
hahmonanne (essive singular)
hahmoinanne (essive plural)
hahmoksenne (singular translative)
hahmoiksenne (plural translative)
hahmottanne (abessive singular)
hahmoittanne (abessive plural)
hahmoinenne (comitative plural)
hahmonsa (nominative singular)
hahmonsa (nominative plural)
hahmonsa (accusative nominative singular)
hahmonsa (accusative nominative plural)
hahmonsa (accusative genitive singular)
hahmonsa (accusative genitive plural)
hahmonsa (genitive singular)
hahmojensa (genitive plural)
hahmoaan (partitive singular)
hahmoansa (partitive singular)
hahmojaan (partitive plural)
hahmojansa (partitive plural)
hahmossaan (inessive singular)
hahmossansa (inessive singular)
hahmoissaan (inessive plural)
hahmoissansa (inessive plural)
hahmostaan (elative singular)
hahmostansa (elative singular)
hahmoistaan (elative plural)
hahmoistansa (elative plural)
hahmoonsa (illative singular)
hahmoihinsa (illative plural)
hahmollaan (adessive singular)
hahmollansa (adessive singular)
hahmoillaan (adessive plural)
hahmoillansa (adessive plural)
hahmoltaan (ablative singular)
hahmoltansa (ablative singular)
hahmoiltaan (ablative plural)
hahmoiltansa (ablative plural)
hahmolleen (allative singular)
hahmollensa (allative singular)
hahmoilleen (allative plural)
hahmoillensa (allative plural)
hahmonaan (essive singular)
hahmonansa (essive singular)
hahmoinaan (essive plural)
hahmoinansa (essive plural)
hahmokseen (singular translative)
hahmoksensa (singular translative)
hahmoikseen (plural translative)
hahmoiksensa (plural translative)
hahmottaan (abessive singular)
hahmottansa (abessive singular)
hahmoittaan (abessive plural)
hahmoittansa (abessive plural)
hahmoineen (comitative plural)
hahmoinensa (comitative plural)

Dialectal variant of haamu, which also has the variants haamo, hahmu.

(pattern recognition, artificial intelligence) pattern

pattern recognition; artificial intelligence; pattern recognition; artificial intelligence


sophont

From Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós, “wise”) + ὤν (ṓn, “on”), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “being, existing, essence”). First used in the 1966 works by Poul Anderson, coined by his wife Karen Anderson.

Likewise with the psychology of intelligent species. Most sophonts indeed possess basic instincts which diverge more or less from man's. With those of radically alien motivations we have little contact.

I'm honored to meet a sophont of the Soro line in person!

Evil, they argued, could only have meaning on smaller scales, in the hurt that one sophont does to another.

1992, Vernor Vinge, A Fire Upon the Deep, Tor Books, page 406:

Only one sophont appeared to be involved—and not a sophisticated one.

1997, Spider Robinson, Lifehouse, Baen Books, page 2:

(chiefly science fiction) An intelligent being; a being with a base reasoning capacity roughly equivalent to or greater than that of a human being. The word does not apply to machines unless they have true artificial intelligence, rather than mere processing capacity.


künstliche Intelligenz

de-noun

künstliche Intelligenz f (definite nominative die künstliche Intelligenz, genitive künstlicher Intelligenz, definite genitive der künstlichen Intelligenz, plural (uncommon) künstliche Intelligenzen, definite plural (uncommon) die künstlichen Intelligenzen)

die künstliche Intelligenz (definite nominative)
künstlicher Intelligenz (genitive)
der künstlichen Intelligenz (definite genitive)
künstliche Intelligenzen (plural uncommon)
die künstlichen Intelligenzen (definite plural uncommon)

Calque of English artificial intelligence.

cal

Eine dreistellige Zahl von Stellen fällt in der Redaktion der „Bild“ weg, die Zahl der Regionalausgaben geht von achtzehn runter auf zwölf, kleinere Standorte werden ganz geschlossen, die Führungsebene wird ausgedünnt. Künstliche Intelligenz tritt an die Stelle von Redakteuren.

2023 June 19, Michael Hanfeld, “Bild-Zeitung entlässt mehr als 200 Mitarbeiter: KI hält Einzug”, in FAZ, →ISSN:

(artificial intelligence) artificial intelligence, AI


hermoverkko

hermoverkko (nominative singular)
hermoverkot (nominative plural)
hermoverkko (accusative nominative singular)
hermoverkot (accusative nominative plural)
hermoverkon (accusative genitive singular)
hermoverkot (accusative genitive plural)
hermoverkon (genitive singular)
hermoverkkojen (genitive plural)
hermoverkkoa (partitive singular)
hermoverkkoja (partitive plural)
hermoverkossa (inessive singular)
hermoverkoissa (inessive plural)
hermoverkosta (elative singular)
hermoverkoista (elative plural)
hermoverkkoon (illative singular)
hermoverkkoihin (illative plural)
hermoverkolla (adessive singular)
hermoverkoilla (adessive plural)
hermoverkolta (ablative singular)
hermoverkoilta (ablative plural)
hermoverkolle (allative singular)
hermoverkoille (allative plural)
hermoverkkona (essive singular)
hermoverkkoina (essive plural)
hermoverkoksi (singular translative)
hermoverkoiksi (plural translative)
hermoverkotta (abessive singular)
hermoverkoitta (abessive plural)
hermoverkoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hermoverkkoni (nominative singular)
hermoverkkoni (nominative plural)
hermoverkkoni (accusative nominative singular)
hermoverkkoni (accusative nominative plural)
hermoverkkoni (accusative genitive singular)
hermoverkkoni (accusative genitive plural)
hermoverkkoni (genitive singular)
hermoverkkojeni (genitive plural)
hermoverkkoani (partitive singular)
hermoverkkojani (partitive plural)
hermoverkossani (inessive singular)
hermoverkoissani (inessive plural)
hermoverkostani (elative singular)
hermoverkoistani (elative plural)
hermoverkkooni (illative singular)
hermoverkkoihini (illative plural)
hermoverkollani (adessive singular)
hermoverkoillani (adessive plural)
hermoverkoltani (ablative singular)
hermoverkoiltani (ablative plural)
hermoverkolleni (allative singular)
hermoverkoilleni (allative plural)
hermoverkkonani (essive singular)
hermoverkkoinani (essive plural)
hermoverkokseni (singular translative)
hermoverkoikseni (plural translative)
hermoverkottani (abessive singular)
hermoverkoittani (abessive plural)
hermoverkkoineni (comitative plural)
hermoverkkosi (nominative singular)
hermoverkkosi (nominative plural)
hermoverkkosi (accusative nominative singular)
hermoverkkosi (accusative nominative plural)
hermoverkkosi (accusative genitive singular)
hermoverkkosi (accusative genitive plural)
hermoverkkosi (genitive singular)
hermoverkkojesi (genitive plural)
hermoverkkoasi (partitive singular)
hermoverkkojasi (partitive plural)
hermoverkossasi (inessive singular)
hermoverkoissasi (inessive plural)
hermoverkostasi (elative singular)
hermoverkoistasi (elative plural)
hermoverkkoosi (illative singular)
hermoverkkoihisi (illative plural)
hermoverkollasi (adessive singular)
hermoverkoillasi (adessive plural)
hermoverkoltasi (ablative singular)
hermoverkoiltasi (ablative plural)
hermoverkollesi (allative singular)
hermoverkoillesi (allative plural)
hermoverkkonasi (essive singular)
hermoverkkoinasi (essive plural)
hermoverkoksesi (singular translative)
hermoverkoiksesi (plural translative)
hermoverkottasi (abessive singular)
hermoverkoittasi (abessive plural)
hermoverkkoinesi (comitative plural)
hermoverkkomme (nominative singular)
hermoverkkomme (nominative plural)
hermoverkkomme (accusative nominative singular)
hermoverkkomme (accusative nominative plural)
hermoverkkomme (accusative genitive singular)
hermoverkkomme (accusative genitive plural)
hermoverkkomme (genitive singular)
hermoverkkojemme (genitive plural)
hermoverkkoamme (partitive singular)
hermoverkkojamme (partitive plural)
hermoverkossamme (inessive singular)
hermoverkoissamme (inessive plural)
hermoverkostamme (elative singular)
hermoverkoistamme (elative plural)
hermoverkkoomme (illative singular)
hermoverkkoihimme (illative plural)
hermoverkollamme (adessive singular)
hermoverkoillamme (adessive plural)
hermoverkoltamme (ablative singular)
hermoverkoiltamme (ablative plural)
hermoverkollemme (allative singular)
hermoverkoillemme (allative plural)
hermoverkkonamme (essive singular)
hermoverkkoinamme (essive plural)
hermoverkoksemme (singular translative)
hermoverkoiksemme (plural translative)
hermoverkottamme (abessive singular)
hermoverkoittamme (abessive plural)
hermoverkkoinemme (comitative plural)
hermoverkkonne (nominative singular)
hermoverkkonne (nominative plural)
hermoverkkonne (accusative nominative singular)
hermoverkkonne (accusative nominative plural)
hermoverkkonne (accusative genitive singular)
hermoverkkonne (accusative genitive plural)
hermoverkkonne (genitive singular)
hermoverkkojenne (genitive plural)
hermoverkkoanne (partitive singular)
hermoverkkojanne (partitive plural)
hermoverkossanne (inessive singular)
hermoverkoissanne (inessive plural)
hermoverkostanne (elative singular)
hermoverkoistanne (elative plural)
hermoverkkoonne (illative singular)
hermoverkkoihinne (illative plural)
hermoverkollanne (adessive singular)
hermoverkoillanne (adessive plural)
hermoverkoltanne (ablative singular)
hermoverkoiltanne (ablative plural)
hermoverkollenne (allative singular)
hermoverkoillenne (allative plural)
hermoverkkonanne (essive singular)
hermoverkkoinanne (essive plural)
hermoverkoksenne (singular translative)
hermoverkoiksenne (plural translative)
hermoverkottanne (abessive singular)
hermoverkoittanne (abessive plural)
hermoverkkoinenne (comitative plural)
hermoverkkonsa (nominative singular)
hermoverkkonsa (nominative plural)
hermoverkkonsa (accusative nominative singular)
hermoverkkonsa (accusative nominative plural)
hermoverkkonsa (accusative genitive singular)
hermoverkkonsa (accusative genitive plural)
hermoverkkonsa (genitive singular)
hermoverkkojensa (genitive plural)
hermoverkkoaan (partitive singular)
hermoverkkoansa (partitive singular)
hermoverkkojaan (partitive plural)
hermoverkkojansa (partitive plural)
hermoverkossaan (inessive singular)
hermoverkossansa (inessive singular)
hermoverkoissaan (inessive plural)
hermoverkoissansa (inessive plural)
hermoverkostaan (elative singular)
hermoverkostansa (elative singular)
hermoverkoistaan (elative plural)
hermoverkoistansa (elative plural)
hermoverkkoonsa (illative singular)
hermoverkkoihinsa (illative plural)
hermoverkollaan (adessive singular)
hermoverkollansa (adessive singular)
hermoverkoillaan (adessive plural)
hermoverkoillansa (adessive plural)
hermoverkoltaan (ablative singular)
hermoverkoltansa (ablative singular)
hermoverkoiltaan (ablative plural)
hermoverkoiltansa (ablative plural)
hermoverkolleen (allative singular)
hermoverkollensa (allative singular)
hermoverkoilleen (allative plural)
hermoverkoillensa (allative plural)
hermoverkkonaan (essive singular)
hermoverkkonansa (essive singular)
hermoverkkoinaan (essive plural)
hermoverkkoinansa (essive plural)
hermoverkokseen (singular translative)
hermoverkoksensa (singular translative)
hermoverkoikseen (plural translative)
hermoverkoiksensa (plural translative)
hermoverkottaan (abessive singular)
hermoverkottansa (abessive singular)
hermoverkoittaan (abessive plural)
hermoverkoittansa (abessive plural)
hermoverkkoineen (comitative plural)
hermoverkkoinensa (comitative plural)

(artificial intelligence, rare) Synonym of neuroverkko (“(artificial) neural network”)


management cybernetics

An interdisciplinary field of cybernetics concerned with management and organizations.


LLM

Some skeptics argue that the software is capable only of blind mimicry — that it’s imitating the syntactic patterns of human language but is incapable of generating its own ideas or making complex decisions, a fundamental limitation that will keep the L.L.M. approach from ever maturing into anything resembling human intelligence.

2022 April 15, Steven Johnson, Nikita Iziev, “A.I. Is Mastering Language. Should We Trust What It Says?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Currently, large language models (LLM) are the base model for creating more specific natural language producers, like chatbots or personal assistants. BERT, GPT-3, and other LLM can be used to program all kinds of “semantic machines”, to create machines for almost any kind of linguistic purpose.

2022, Hendrik Kempt, Synthetic Friends: A Philosophy of Human-Machine Friendship, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 22:

large language model
large language model#English

(machine learning) Initialism of large language model.

logic learning machine
w:logic learning machine

(machine learning) Initialism of logic learning machine.


WordNet

Copycat uses a network of concepts, called a Slipnet, to find correspondences between nonidentical objects, just as ARCS uses WordNet-style semantic information to find similar concepts.

1996, Keith J. Holyoak, Paul Thagard, Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought, page 259:

Recently the Group started a project of creating a thesaurus of the WordNet type for Estonian.

1997, Josephine A. Edwards, Geoffrey Kingscott, Language Industries Atlas, page 334:

By (partly) mirroring one another, general servers would probably share a similar general WordNet-like or CYC-like ontology […].

2001, Philippe Martin and Peter Eklund, "Large-scale cooperatively built KBs", Harry S. Delugach, Gerd Stumme, Conceptual Structures: Broadening the Base : 9th International Conference on, page 232

One very interesting possibility seems to be to complement WordNet-style lexicons with the SIMPLE design, thereby trying to get at a more comprehensive and coherent architecture for the development of semantic lexical resources.

2002, Nicoletta Calzolari et al., "Towards a Standard for a Multilingual Lexical Entry: The EAGLES/ISLE Initiative", in Alexander Gelbukh, ed., Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing: Third, page 270

Chai (2000) uses WordNet for information extraction, ie the identification and extraction of domain specific target information from a document [....]

2003, Piet Van Sterkenburg, editor, A Practical Guide to Lexicography, page 198:

For conference, which has 3 senses in WordNet, we get the following candidate taxonomic relations: [....]

2005, Paul Buitelaar, Philipp Cimiano, Bernardo Magnini, Ontology Learning from Text: Methods, Evaluation And Applications, page 64:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(linguistics, artificial intelligence) A particular wordnet, a semantically structured lexical database, for the English language at Princeton University.


人工智慧

ㄖㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄓˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

жэньгун чжихуэй

/ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³ wɐi̯²²/

/jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³ wɐi̯³³/

/ŋin¹¹ kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵ fi⁵⁵/

/zin²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²¹⁻⁴¹ hui³³/

/ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³ wɐi̯²²/

/jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³ wɐi̯³³/

/ŋin¹¹ kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵ fi⁵⁵/

/zin²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²¹⁻⁴¹ hui³³/


neuronová síť

neuronová síť (nominative singular)
neuronové sítě (nominative plural)
neuronové sítě (genitive singular)
neuronových sítí (genitive plural)
neuronové síti (dative singular)
neuronovým sítím (dative plural)
neuronovou síť (accusative singular)
neuronové sítě (accusative plural)
neuronová síti (singular vocative)
neuronové sítě (plural vocative)
neuronové síti (locative singular)
neuronových sítích (locative plural)
neuronovou sítí (instrumental singular)
neuronovými sítěmi (instrumental plural)

neural network, neural net (artificial intelligence)


wordnet

Bilingual corpora can be used for synset validation in a more fruitful way, especially having in mind the request that all synsets from a wordnet for a language other than English have to be associated, if possible, with an English synset using ILI.

2003, Cvetana Krstev, "Corpora Issues in Validation of Serbian Wordnet", in Václav Matoušek, Pavel Mautner, eds., Text, Speech and Dialogue: 6th International Conference, TSD 2003, České, page 133

(if a document mentions dogs, a wordnet allows the inference it is about animals)

2004, Helge Dyvik, "Translations as Semantic Mirrors: from parallel corpus to wordnet", in Karin Aijmer, Bengt Altenberg, eds., Advances in Corpus Linguistics: Papers from the 23rd International, page 312

This trimmed wordnet was used in a cross-retrieval test environment and compared with the generic wordnet and no wordnet.

2006, Paul Buitelaar et al., "Domain-Specific WSD", in Eneko Agirre, Philip Edmonds, eds., Word Sense Disambiguation: Algorithms And Applications, page 290

(artificial intelligence, linguistics) A semantically structured lexical database.


chatbot

From chat + -bot, from earlier chatterbot.

The chatbot was quite simple yet informative.

To deal with a large number of typical queries, “chatbots” technology should be considered. A chatbot can be defined as an intelligent evolution of email. The chatbot categorizes messages on the fly and provides answers to questions accordingly. As such, it can be used as a customer support tool.

2000, Handbook on Electronic Commerce, Springer, →ISBN, page 59:

Wolfram Alpha researcher and chatbot author Robert Lockhart describes the chatbot community as being split between two competing approaches, what he calls “pure semantics” and “pure empiricism.”

2012, Brian Christian, The Most Human Human […] , Anchor Books, →ISBN, page 29:

Chatbot technology, of course, dates back to Weizenbaum’s early experiments with his Eliza program.

2015, John Markoff, Machines of Loving Grace […] , New York: Ecco Press, →ISBN, page 221:

Mr. Aumann confronted his student over whether he had written the essay himself. The student confessed to using ChatGPT, a chatbot that delivers information, explains concepts and generates ideas in simple sentences — and, in this case, had written the paper.

2023 January 16, Kalley Huang, “Alarmed by A.I. Chatbots, Universities Start Revamping How They Teach”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Generative AI won’t be the end of employment, we are told, only “boring work” – with chatbots helpfully doing all the soul-destroying, repetitive tasks and humans merely supervising them.

2023 May 8, Naomi Klein, “AI machines aren’t ‘hallucinating’. But their makers are”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(Internet, artificial intelligence) A computer program that holds conversations through a chat room.


fázový prostor

fázový prostor (nominative singular)
fázové prostory (nominative plural)
fázového prostoru (genitive singular)
fázových prostorů (genitive plural)
fázovému prostoru (dative singular)
fázovým prostorům (dative plural)
fázový prostor (accusative singular)
fázové prostory (accusative plural)
fázový prostore (singular vocative)
fázové prostory (plural vocative)
fázovém prostoru (locative singular)
fázových prostorech (locative plural)
fázovým prostorem (instrumental singular)
fázovými prostory (instrumental plural)


strojové učení

strojové učení (nominative singular)
strojová učení (nominative plural)
strojového učení (genitive singular)
strojových učení (genitive plural)
strojovému učení (dative singular)
strojovým učením (dative plural)
strojové učení (accusative singular)
strojová učení (accusative plural)
strojové učení (singular vocative)
strojová učení (plural vocative)
strojovém učení (locative singular)
strojových učeních (locative plural)
strojovým učením (instrumental singular)
strojovými učeními (instrumental plural)

(artificial intelligence) machine learning


Rückkopplung

de-noun

Rückkopplung f (genitive Rückkopplung, plural Rückkopplungen)

Rückkopplung (genitive)
Rückkopplungen (plural)
Rückkopplung (nominative singular)
Rückkopplungen (definite nominative plural)
Rückkopplung (genitive singular)
Rückkopplungen (definite genitive plural)
Rückkopplung (dative singular)
Rückkopplungen (dative definite plural)
Rückkopplung (accusative singular)
Rückkopplungen (accusative definite plural)

/ˈʁʏkˌkɔplʊŋ/

[ˈʁykʰɔplʊŋ]


volně vázaný

volně vázaný (masculine nominative singular)
volně vázaná (feminine nominative singular)
volně vázané (neuter nominative singular)
volně vázaného (genitive masculine singular)
volně vázané (feminine genitive singular)
volně vázaného (genitive neuter singular)
volně vázanému (dative masculine singular)
volně vázané (dative feminine singular)
volně vázanému (dative neuter singular)
volně vázaného (accusative animate masculine singular)
volně vázaný (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
volně vázanou (accusative feminine singular)
volně vázané (accusative neuter singular)
volně vázaném (locative masculine singular)
volně vázané (feminine locative singular)
volně vázaném (locative neuter singular)
volně vázaným (instrumental masculine singular)
volně vázanou (feminine instrumental singular)
volně vázaným (instrumental neuter singular)
volně vázaní (animate masculine nominative plural)
volně vázané (feminine nominative plural)
volně vázané (inanimate masculine nominative plural)
volně vázaná (neuter nominative plural)
volně vázaných (genitive plural)
volně vázaným (dative plural)
volně vázané (accusative feminine masculine plural)
volně vázaná (accusative neuter plural)
volně vázaných (locative plural)
volně vázanými (instrumental plural)

cybernetics; systems; cybernetics; systems


počítačové vidění

počítačové vidění (nominative singular)
počítačová vidění (nominative plural)
počítačového vidění (genitive singular)
počítačových vidění (genitive plural)
počítačovému vidění (dative singular)
počítačovým viděním (dative plural)
počítačové vidění (accusative singular)
počítačová vidění (accusative plural)
počítačové vidění (singular vocative)
počítačová vidění (plural vocative)
počítačovém vidění (locative singular)
počítačových viděních (locative plural)
počítačovým viděním (instrumental singular)
počítačovými viděními (instrumental plural)

(artificial intelligence) computer vision


těsně vázaný

těsně vázaný (masculine nominative singular)
těsně vázaná (feminine nominative singular)
těsně vázané (neuter nominative singular)
těsně vázaného (genitive masculine singular)
těsně vázané (feminine genitive singular)
těsně vázaného (genitive neuter singular)
těsně vázanému (dative masculine singular)
těsně vázané (dative feminine singular)
těsně vázanému (dative neuter singular)
těsně vázaného (accusative animate masculine singular)
těsně vázaný (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
těsně vázanou (accusative feminine singular)
těsně vázané (accusative neuter singular)
těsně vázaném (locative masculine singular)
těsně vázané (feminine locative singular)
těsně vázaném (locative neuter singular)
těsně vázaným (instrumental masculine singular)
těsně vázanou (feminine instrumental singular)
těsně vázaným (instrumental neuter singular)
těsně vázaní (animate masculine nominative plural)
těsně vázané (feminine nominative plural)
těsně vázané (inanimate masculine nominative plural)
těsně vázaná (neuter nominative plural)
těsně vázaných (genitive plural)
těsně vázaným (dative plural)
těsně vázané (accusative feminine masculine plural)
těsně vázaná (accusative neuter plural)
těsně vázaných (locative plural)
těsně vázanými (instrumental plural)


computer vision

The single most popular AI technology identified in the report was computer vision.
Audio (US): (file)

2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2019-02-07

(artificial intelligence) The science and technology of machines that see, concerned with the theory for building artificial systems that obtain information from images, such as a video sequence, views from multiple cameras, or multi-dimensional data from a medical scanner.


machine learning

(artificial intelligence) The ability of computers to learn without being explicitly programmed.

Much of today’s AI-related technologies are powered by machine learning.
Audio (US): (file)

(artificial intelligence) A field of study concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques that allow computers to learn.


FAI

friendly artificial intelligence
w:friendly artificial intelligence

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of friendly artificial intelligence.


SAE

(machine learning) Initialism of sparse autoencoder.


self-organization

(cybernetics) A process of attraction and repulsion in which the internal organization of a system, normally an open system, increases in complexity without being guided or managed by an outside source.


electrolocation

(cybernetics) the ability of a robot to locate an object by detecting changes in its electric field.


expert system

“For each different kind of problem,” said Minsky, “the construction of expert systems had to start all over again, because they didn't accumulate common-sense knowledge.”

2003 May 13, Mark Baard, quoting Marvin Minsky, “AI Founder Blasts Modern Research”, in Wired, →ISSN:

artificially intelligent
artificial intelligence

(artificial intelligence) A type of artificially intelligent software system that stores expertise concerning some subject matter in a knowledge base and attempts to answer questions or solve problems in a manner which simulates the thought processes of a human expert.


NLQ

natural language
natural language#English

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of natural language query.


cluster analysis

en-noun

cluster analysis (countable and uncountable, plural cluster analyses)

(artificial intelligence, statistics) The classification of objects into different groups, or more precisely, the partitioning of a data set into subsets (clusters), so that the data in each subset (ideally) share some common trait - often proximity according to some defined distance measure.


muuntaja

muuntaja (nominative singular)
muuntajat (nominative plural)
muuntaja (accusative nominative singular)
muuntajat (accusative nominative plural)
muuntajan (accusative genitive singular)
muuntajat (accusative genitive plural)
muuntajan (genitive singular)
muuntajien (genitive plural)
muuntajain (genitive plural rare)
muuntajaa (partitive singular)
muuntajia (partitive plural)
muuntajassa (inessive singular)
muuntajissa (inessive plural)
muuntajasta (elative singular)
muuntajista (elative plural)
muuntajaan (illative singular)
muuntajiin (illative plural)
muuntajalla (adessive singular)
muuntajilla (adessive plural)
muuntajalta (ablative singular)
muuntajilta (ablative plural)
muuntajalle (allative singular)
muuntajille (allative plural)
muuntajana (essive singular)
muuntajina (essive plural)
muuntajaksi (singular translative)
muuntajiksi (plural translative)
muuntajatta (abessive singular)
muuntajitta (abessive plural)
muuntajin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
muuntajani (nominative singular)
muuntajani (nominative plural)
muuntajani (accusative nominative singular)
muuntajani (accusative nominative plural)
muuntajani (accusative genitive singular)
muuntajani (accusative genitive plural)
muuntajani (genitive singular)
muuntajieni (genitive plural)
muuntajaini (genitive plural rare)
muuntajaani (partitive singular)
muuntajiani (partitive plural)
muuntajassani (inessive singular)
muuntajissani (inessive plural)
muuntajastani (elative singular)
muuntajistani (elative plural)
muuntajaani (illative singular)
muuntajiini (illative plural)
muuntajallani (adessive singular)
muuntajillani (adessive plural)
muuntajaltani (ablative singular)
muuntajiltani (ablative plural)
muuntajalleni (allative singular)
muuntajilleni (allative plural)
muuntajanani (essive singular)
muuntajinani (essive plural)
muuntajakseni (singular translative)
muuntajikseni (plural translative)
muuntajattani (abessive singular)
muuntajittani (abessive plural)
muuntajineni (comitative plural)
muuntajasi (nominative singular)
muuntajasi (nominative plural)
muuntajasi (accusative nominative singular)
muuntajasi (accusative nominative plural)
muuntajasi (accusative genitive singular)
muuntajasi (accusative genitive plural)
muuntajasi (genitive singular)
muuntajiesi (genitive plural)
muuntajaisi (genitive plural rare)
muuntajaasi (partitive singular)
muuntajiasi (partitive plural)
muuntajassasi (inessive singular)
muuntajissasi (inessive plural)
muuntajastasi (elative singular)
muuntajistasi (elative plural)
muuntajaasi (illative singular)
muuntajiisi (illative plural)
muuntajallasi (adessive singular)
muuntajillasi (adessive plural)
muuntajaltasi (ablative singular)
muuntajiltasi (ablative plural)
muuntajallesi (allative singular)
muuntajillesi (allative plural)
muuntajanasi (essive singular)
muuntajinasi (essive plural)
muuntajaksesi (singular translative)
muuntajiksesi (plural translative)
muuntajattasi (abessive singular)
muuntajittasi (abessive plural)
muuntajinesi (comitative plural)
muuntajamme (nominative singular)
muuntajamme (nominative plural)
muuntajamme (accusative nominative singular)
muuntajamme (accusative nominative plural)
muuntajamme (accusative genitive singular)
muuntajamme (accusative genitive plural)
muuntajamme (genitive singular)
muuntajiemme (genitive plural)
muuntajaimme (genitive plural rare)
muuntajaamme (partitive singular)
muuntajiamme (partitive plural)
muuntajassamme (inessive singular)
muuntajissamme (inessive plural)
muuntajastamme (elative singular)
muuntajistamme (elative plural)
muuntajaamme (illative singular)
muuntajiimme (illative plural)
muuntajallamme (adessive singular)
muuntajillamme (adessive plural)
muuntajaltamme (ablative singular)
muuntajiltamme (ablative plural)
muuntajallemme (allative singular)
muuntajillemme (allative plural)
muuntajanamme (essive singular)
muuntajinamme (essive plural)
muuntajaksemme (singular translative)
muuntajiksemme (plural translative)
muuntajattamme (abessive singular)
muuntajittamme (abessive plural)
muuntajinemme (comitative plural)
muuntajanne (nominative singular)
muuntajanne (nominative plural)
muuntajanne (accusative nominative singular)
muuntajanne (accusative nominative plural)
muuntajanne (accusative genitive singular)
muuntajanne (accusative genitive plural)
muuntajanne (genitive singular)
muuntajienne (genitive plural)
muuntajainne (genitive plural rare)
muuntajaanne (partitive singular)
muuntajianne (partitive plural)
muuntajassanne (inessive singular)
muuntajissanne (inessive plural)
muuntajastanne (elative singular)
muuntajistanne (elative plural)
muuntajaanne (illative singular)
muuntajiinne (illative plural)
muuntajallanne (adessive singular)
muuntajillanne (adessive plural)
muuntajaltanne (ablative singular)
muuntajiltanne (ablative plural)
muuntajallenne (allative singular)
muuntajillenne (allative plural)
muuntajananne (essive singular)
muuntajinanne (essive plural)
muuntajaksenne (singular translative)
muuntajiksenne (plural translative)
muuntajattanne (abessive singular)
muuntajittanne (abessive plural)
muuntajinenne (comitative plural)
muuntajansa (nominative singular)
muuntajansa (nominative plural)
muuntajansa (accusative nominative singular)
muuntajansa (accusative nominative plural)
muuntajansa (accusative genitive singular)
muuntajansa (accusative genitive plural)
muuntajansa (genitive singular)
muuntajiensa (genitive plural)
muuntajainsa (genitive plural rare)
muuntajaansa (partitive singular)
muuntajiaan (partitive plural)
muuntajiansa (partitive plural)
muuntajassaan (inessive singular)
muuntajassansa (inessive singular)
muuntajissaan (inessive plural)
muuntajissansa (inessive plural)
muuntajastaan (elative singular)
muuntajastansa (elative singular)
muuntajistaan (elative plural)
muuntajistansa (elative plural)
muuntajaansa (illative singular)
muuntajiinsa (illative plural)
muuntajallaan (adessive singular)
muuntajallansa (adessive singular)
muuntajillaan (adessive plural)
muuntajillansa (adessive plural)
muuntajaltaan (ablative singular)
muuntajaltansa (ablative singular)
muuntajiltaan (ablative plural)
muuntajiltansa (ablative plural)
muuntajalleen (allative singular)
muuntajallensa (allative singular)
muuntajilleen (allative plural)
muuntajillensa (allative plural)
muuntajanaan (essive singular)
muuntajanansa (essive singular)
muuntajinaan (essive plural)
muuntajinansa (essive plural)
muuntajakseen (singular translative)
muuntajaksensa (singular translative)
muuntajikseen (plural translative)
muuntajiksensa (plural translative)
muuntajattaan (abessive singular)
muuntajattansa (abessive singular)
muuntajittaan (abessive plural)
muuntajittansa (abessive plural)
muuntajineen (comitative plural)
muuntajinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈmuːn̪t̪ɑ̝jɑ̝]

(machine learning) transformer (neural network architecture)


teleogenetic

en-adj

teleogenetic (comparative more teleogenetic, superlative most teleogenetic)

more teleogenetic (comparative)
most teleogenetic (superlative)

This is a teleogenetic system.


teleogenesis

(cybernetics) Autonomous setting of goals


foom

There are some scenarios in which private AI research wouldn't be nationalized: •An unexpected AI foom before anyone realizes what was coming.

2013, Brian Tomasik, International Cooperation vs. AI Arms Race, page 2:

Some advocates of this foom scenario say that there is an as-yet-undiscovered but very powerful set of related architectural innovations for AI system design, a set that one team could find first and then keep secret from others for long enough.

2016, Robin Hanson, The Age of Em: Work, Love, and Life when Robots Rule the Earth, →ISBN:

Though the programs will surely get better, there are no signs of foom.

2018, Steven Pinker, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress, →ISBN:

A sudden increase in artificial intelligence such that an AI system becomes extremely powerful.


Turing test

Named after English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer Alan Turing (1912–1954). Turing himself used the term imitation game.

named-after

The Turing test used to be the gold standard for proving machine intelligence. This generation of bots is racing past it. We need to stay calm — and develop a new test.

2023 January 20, Cade Metz, “The Chatbots Can’t Outsmart You. Yet.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(artificial intelligence) A test of a computer's ability to demonstrate intelligence, as measured by whether a human judge can reliably distinguish the computer from another human being by conversing with both entities in written natural language over a terminal.


Turing-Test

de-noun

Turing-Test m (strong, genitive Turing-Tests, plural Turing-Tests)

Turing-Tests (genitive)
Turing-Tests (plural)
Turing-Test (nominative singular)
Turing-Tests (definite nominative plural)
Turing-Tests (genitive singular)
Turing-Tests (definite genitive plural)
Turing-Test (dative singular)
Turing-Tests (dative definite plural)
Turing-Test (accusative singular)
Turing-Tests (accusative definite plural)


ANN

(machine learning) Initialism of artificial neural network.


tekoäly

tekoäly (nominative singular)
tekoälyt (nominative plural)
tekoäly (accusative nominative singular)
tekoälyt (accusative nominative plural)
tekoälyn (accusative genitive singular)
tekoälyt (accusative genitive plural)
tekoälyn (genitive singular)
tekoälyjen (genitive plural)
tekoälyä (partitive singular)
tekoälyjä (partitive plural)
tekoälyssä (inessive singular)
tekoälyissä (inessive plural)
tekoälystä (elative singular)
tekoälyistä (elative plural)
tekoälyyn (illative singular)
tekoälyihin (illative plural)
tekoälyllä (adessive singular)
tekoälyillä (adessive plural)
tekoälyltä (ablative singular)
tekoälyiltä (ablative plural)
tekoälylle (allative singular)
tekoälyille (allative plural)
tekoälynä (essive singular)
tekoälyinä (essive plural)
tekoälyksi (singular translative)
tekoälyiksi (plural translative)
tekoälyttä (abessive singular)
tekoälyittä (abessive plural)
tekoälyin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
tekoälyni (nominative singular)
tekoälyni (nominative plural)
tekoälyni (accusative nominative singular)
tekoälyni (accusative nominative plural)
tekoälyni (accusative genitive singular)
tekoälyni (accusative genitive plural)
tekoälyni (genitive singular)
tekoälyjeni (genitive plural)
tekoälyäni (partitive singular)
tekoälyjäni (partitive plural)
tekoälyssäni (inessive singular)
tekoälyissäni (inessive plural)
tekoälystäni (elative singular)
tekoälyistäni (elative plural)
tekoälyyni (illative singular)
tekoälyihini (illative plural)
tekoälylläni (adessive singular)
tekoälyilläni (adessive plural)
tekoälyltäni (ablative singular)
tekoälyiltäni (ablative plural)
tekoälylleni (allative singular)
tekoälyilleni (allative plural)
tekoälynäni (essive singular)
tekoälyinäni (essive plural)
tekoälykseni (singular translative)
tekoälyikseni (plural translative)
tekoälyttäni (abessive singular)
tekoälyittäni (abessive plural)
tekoälyineni (comitative plural)
tekoälysi (nominative singular)
tekoälysi (nominative plural)
tekoälysi (accusative nominative singular)
tekoälysi (accusative nominative plural)
tekoälysi (accusative genitive singular)
tekoälysi (accusative genitive plural)
tekoälysi (genitive singular)
tekoälyjesi (genitive plural)
tekoälyäsi (partitive singular)
tekoälyjäsi (partitive plural)
tekoälyssäsi (inessive singular)
tekoälyissäsi (inessive plural)
tekoälystäsi (elative singular)
tekoälyistäsi (elative plural)
tekoälyysi (illative singular)
tekoälyihisi (illative plural)
tekoälylläsi (adessive singular)
tekoälyilläsi (adessive plural)
tekoälyltäsi (ablative singular)
tekoälyiltäsi (ablative plural)
tekoälyllesi (allative singular)
tekoälyillesi (allative plural)
tekoälynäsi (essive singular)
tekoälyinäsi (essive plural)
tekoälyksesi (singular translative)
tekoälyiksesi (plural translative)
tekoälyttäsi (abessive singular)
tekoälyittäsi (abessive plural)
tekoälyinesi (comitative plural)
tekoälymme (nominative singular)
tekoälymme (nominative plural)
tekoälymme (accusative nominative singular)
tekoälymme (accusative nominative plural)
tekoälymme (accusative genitive singular)
tekoälymme (accusative genitive plural)
tekoälymme (genitive singular)
tekoälyjemme (genitive plural)
tekoälyämme (partitive singular)
tekoälyjämme (partitive plural)
tekoälyssämme (inessive singular)
tekoälyissämme (inessive plural)
tekoälystämme (elative singular)
tekoälyistämme (elative plural)
tekoälyymme (illative singular)
tekoälyihimme (illative plural)
tekoälyllämme (adessive singular)
tekoälyillämme (adessive plural)
tekoälyltämme (ablative singular)
tekoälyiltämme (ablative plural)
tekoälyllemme (allative singular)
tekoälyillemme (allative plural)
tekoälynämme (essive singular)
tekoälyinämme (essive plural)
tekoälyksemme (singular translative)
tekoälyiksemme (plural translative)
tekoälyttämme (abessive singular)
tekoälyittämme (abessive plural)
tekoälyinemme (comitative plural)
tekoälynne (nominative singular)
tekoälynne (nominative plural)
tekoälynne (accusative nominative singular)
tekoälynne (accusative nominative plural)
tekoälynne (accusative genitive singular)
tekoälynne (accusative genitive plural)
tekoälynne (genitive singular)
tekoälyjenne (genitive plural)
tekoälyänne (partitive singular)
tekoälyjänne (partitive plural)
tekoälyssänne (inessive singular)
tekoälyissänne (inessive plural)
tekoälystänne (elative singular)
tekoälyistänne (elative plural)
tekoälyynne (illative singular)
tekoälyihinne (illative plural)
tekoälyllänne (adessive singular)
tekoälyillänne (adessive plural)
tekoälyltänne (ablative singular)
tekoälyiltänne (ablative plural)
tekoälyllenne (allative singular)
tekoälyillenne (allative plural)
tekoälynänne (essive singular)
tekoälyinänne (essive plural)
tekoälyksenne (singular translative)
tekoälyiksenne (plural translative)
tekoälyttänne (abessive singular)
tekoälyittänne (abessive plural)
tekoälyinenne (comitative plural)
tekoälynsä (nominative singular)
tekoälynsä (nominative plural)
tekoälynsä (accusative nominative singular)
tekoälynsä (accusative nominative plural)
tekoälynsä (accusative genitive singular)
tekoälynsä (accusative genitive plural)
tekoälynsä (genitive singular)
tekoälyjensä (genitive plural)
tekoälyään (partitive singular)
tekoälyänsä (partitive singular)
tekoälyjään (partitive plural)
tekoälyjänsä (partitive plural)
tekoälyssään (inessive singular)
tekoälyssänsä (inessive singular)
tekoälyissään (inessive plural)
tekoälyissänsä (inessive plural)
tekoälystään (elative singular)
tekoälystänsä (elative singular)
tekoälyistään (elative plural)
tekoälyistänsä (elative plural)
tekoälyynsä (illative singular)
tekoälyihinsä (illative plural)
tekoälyllään (adessive singular)
tekoälyllänsä (adessive singular)
tekoälyillään (adessive plural)
tekoälyillänsä (adessive plural)
tekoälyltään (ablative singular)
tekoälyltänsä (ablative singular)
tekoälyiltään (ablative plural)
tekoälyiltänsä (ablative plural)
tekoälylleen (allative singular)
tekoälyllensä (allative singular)
tekoälyilleen (allative plural)
tekoälyillensä (allative plural)
tekoälynään (essive singular)
tekoälynänsä (essive singular)
tekoälyinään (essive plural)
tekoälyinänsä (essive plural)
tekoälykseen (singular translative)
tekoälyksensä (singular translative)
tekoälyikseen (plural translative)
tekoälyiksensä (plural translative)
tekoälyttään (abessive singular)
tekoälyttänsä (abessive singular)
tekoälyittään (abessive plural)
tekoälyittänsä (abessive plural)
tekoälyineen (comitative plural)
tekoälyinensä (comitative plural)


GRU

gated recurrent unit
gated recurrent unit#English

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of gated recurrent unit.